[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163486},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":1671},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1664,"extension":1665,"meta":1666,"navigation":316,"path":1667,"seo":1668,"stem":1669,"__hash__":1670},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1636},"minimark",[9,13,22,25,38,41,46,128,131,151,157,161,166,169,185,188,214,217,221,224,242,245,272,275,341,343,358,368,380,384,387,441,443,463,466,490,498,502,507,513,515,554,556,565,572,590,593,605,609,614,619,622,643,645,703,705,713,716,720,752,754,762,765,769,774,822,824,832,836,896,898,906,909,913,917,920,946,955,972,1024,1026,1041,1052,1056,1059,1091,1098,1102,1107,1148,1150,1161,1164,1207,1209,1217,1221,1226,1248,1250,1259,1268,1272,1277,1299,1301,1372,1374,1426,1429,1432,1435,1517,1519,1550,1554,1558,1561,1565,1568,1572,1575,1579,1591,1595,1598,1602,1632],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"python-abs-function-explained",[14,15,16,17,21],"p",{},"The ",[18,19,20],"code",{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,23,24],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[26,27,28,32,35],"ul",{},[29,30,31],"li",{},"a number without its negative sign",[29,33,34],{},"the distance between two numbers",[29,36,37],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[14,39,40],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[42,43,45],"h2",{"id":44},"quick-example","Quick example",[47,48,53],"pre",{"className":49,"code":50,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n","python","",[18,54,55,84,100],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57,60,64,68,71,73,77,81],"span",{"class":58,"line":59},"line",1,[56,61,63],{"class":62},"sptTA","print",[56,65,67],{"class":66},"sP7_E","(",[56,69,70],{"class":62},"abs",[56,72,67],{"class":66},[56,74,76],{"class":75},"smGrS","-",[56,78,80],{"class":79},"srdBf","7",[56,82,83],{"class":66},"))\n",[56,85,87,89,91,93,95,98],{"class":58,"line":86},2,[56,88,63],{"class":62},[56,90,67],{"class":66},[56,92,70],{"class":62},[56,94,67],{"class":66},[56,96,97],{"class":79},"3.5",[56,99,83],{"class":66},[56,101,103,105,107,109,111,113,116,119,122,126],{"class":58,"line":102},3,[56,104,63],{"class":62},[56,106,67],{"class":66},[56,108,70],{"class":62},[56,110,67],{"class":66},[56,112,76],{"class":75},[56,114,115],{"class":79},"2",[56,117,118],{"class":75},"+",[56,120,121],{"class":79},"3",[56,123,125],{"class":124},"sbsja","j",[56,127,83],{"class":66},[14,129,130],{},"Output:",[47,132,134],{"className":49,"code":133,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[18,135,136,141,146],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137,138],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139,140],{"class":79},"7\n",[56,142,143],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,144,145],{"class":79},"3.5\n",[56,147,148],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,149,150],{"class":79},"3.605551275463989\n",[14,152,153,154,156],{},"Use ",[18,155,20],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[42,158,160],{"id":159},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[14,162,163,165],{},[18,164,20],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,167,168],{},"That means:",[26,170,171,174,177],{},[29,172,173],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[29,175,176],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[29,178,179,182,183],{},[18,180,181],{},"0"," stays ",[18,184,181],{},[14,186,187],{},"Examples:",[26,189,190,199,207],{},[29,191,192,195,196],{},[18,193,194],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[18,197,198],{},"5",[29,200,201,195,204],{},[18,202,203],{},"abs(9)",[18,205,206],{},"9",[29,208,209,195,212],{},[18,210,211],{},"abs(0)",[18,213,181],{},[14,215,216],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[42,218,220],{"id":219},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[14,222,223],{},"The syntax is:",[47,225,227],{"className":49,"code":226,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"abs(x)\n",[18,228,229],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,230,231,233,235,239],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,232,70],{"class":62},[56,234,67],{"class":66},[56,236,238],{"class":237},"slqww","x",[56,240,241],{"class":66},")\n",[14,243,244],{},"Here:",[26,246,247,264,269],{},[29,248,249,251,252,255,256,259,260,263],{},[18,250,238],{}," is usually an ",[18,253,254],{},"int",", ",[18,257,258],{},"float",", or ",[18,261,262],{},"complex"," number",[29,265,266,268],{},[18,267,20],{}," returns a new value",[29,270,271],{},"it does not change the original variable",[14,273,274],{},"Example:",[47,276,278],{"className":49,"code":277,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[18,279,280,295,312,318,329],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,281,282,286,289,292],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,283,285],{"class":284},"su5hD","number ",[56,287,288],{"class":75},"=",[56,290,291],{"class":75}," -",[56,293,294],{"class":79},"12\n",[56,296,297,300,302,305,307,310],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,298,299],{"class":284},"result ",[56,301,288],{"class":75},[56,303,304],{"class":62}," abs",[56,306,67],{"class":66},[56,308,309],{"class":237},"number",[56,311,241],{"class":66},[56,313,314],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,315,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},true,"\n",[56,319,321,323,325,327],{"class":58,"line":320},4,[56,322,63],{"class":62},[56,324,67],{"class":66},[56,326,309],{"class":237},[56,328,241],{"class":66},[56,330,332,334,336,339],{"class":58,"line":331},5,[56,333,63],{"class":62},[56,335,67],{"class":66},[56,337,338],{"class":237},"result",[56,340,241],{"class":66},[14,342,130],{},[47,344,346],{"className":49,"code":345,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"-12\n12\n",[18,347,348,354],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,349,350,352],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,351,76],{"class":75},[56,353,294],{"class":79},[56,355,356],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,357,294],{"class":79},[14,359,360,361,363,364,367],{},"Notice that ",[18,362,309],{}," is still ",[18,365,366],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[14,369,370,371,379],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[372,373,375,378],"a",{"href":374},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[18,376,377],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[42,381,383],{"id":382},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[14,385,386],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[47,388,390],{"className":49,"code":389,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[18,391,392,409,424],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,393,394,396,398,400,402,404,407],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,395,63],{"class":62},[56,397,67],{"class":66},[56,399,70],{"class":62},[56,401,67],{"class":66},[56,403,76],{"class":75},[56,405,406],{"class":79},"10",[56,408,83],{"class":66},[56,410,411,413,415,417,419,422],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,412,63],{"class":62},[56,414,67],{"class":66},[56,416,70],{"class":62},[56,418,67],{"class":66},[56,420,421],{"class":79},"8",[56,423,83],{"class":66},[56,425,426,428,430,432,434,436,439],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,427,63],{"class":62},[56,429,67],{"class":66},[56,431,70],{"class":62},[56,433,67],{"class":66},[56,435,76],{"class":75},[56,437,438],{"class":79},"4.2",[56,440,83],{"class":66},[14,442,130],{},[47,444,446],{"className":49,"code":445,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[18,447,448,453,458],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,449,450],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,451,452],{"class":79},"10\n",[56,454,455],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,456,457],{"class":79},"8\n",[56,459,460],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,461,462],{"class":79},"4.2\n",[14,464,465],{},"What each line does:",[26,467,468,476,483],{},[29,469,470,473,474],{},[18,471,472],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[18,475,406],{},[29,477,478,473,481],{},[18,479,480],{},"abs(8)",[18,482,421],{},[29,484,485,473,488],{},[18,486,487],{},"abs(-4.2)",[18,489,438],{},[14,491,492,493,497],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[372,494,496],{"href":495},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",".",[42,499,501],{"id":500},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[14,503,504,506],{},[18,505,20],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[14,508,509,510,512],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[18,511,181],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[14,514,274],{},[47,516,518],{"className":49,"code":517,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[18,519,520,539],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,521,522,525,527,530,533,536],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,523,524],{"class":284},"value ",[56,526,288],{"class":75},[56,528,529],{"class":79}," 3",[56,531,532],{"class":75}," +",[56,534,535],{"class":79}," 4",[56,537,538],{"class":124},"j\n",[56,540,541,543,545,547,549,552],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,542,63],{"class":62},[56,544,67],{"class":66},[56,546,70],{"class":62},[56,548,67],{"class":66},[56,550,551],{"class":237},"value",[56,553,83],{"class":66},[14,555,130],{},[47,557,559],{"className":49,"code":558,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"5.0\n",[18,560,561],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,562,563],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,564,558],{"class":79},[14,566,567,568,571],{},"Why ",[18,569,570],{},"5.0","?",[26,573,574,579,585],{},[29,575,576,577],{},"the real part is ",[18,578,121],{},[29,580,581,582],{},"the imaginary part is ",[18,583,584],{},"4",[29,586,587,588],{},"the magnitude is ",[18,589,570],{},[14,591,592],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[26,594,595,602],{},[29,596,597,599,600],{},[18,598,20],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[18,601,258],{},[29,603,604],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[42,606,608],{"id":607},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[14,610,611,612,497],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[18,613,20],{},[615,616,618],"h3",{"id":617},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[14,620,621],{},"A very common pattern is:",[47,623,625],{"className":49,"code":624,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"abs(a - b)\n",[18,626,627],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,628,629,631,633,636,638,641],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,630,70],{"class":62},[56,632,67],{"class":66},[56,634,635],{"class":237},"a ",[56,637,76],{"class":75},[56,639,640],{"class":237}," b",[56,642,241],{"class":66},[14,644,274],{},[47,646,648],{"className":49,"code":647,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[18,649,650,659,669,673,692],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,651,652,654,656],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,653,635],{"class":284},[56,655,288],{"class":75},[56,657,658],{"class":79}," 3\n",[56,660,661,664,666],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,662,663],{"class":284},"b ",[56,665,288],{"class":75},[56,667,668],{"class":79}," 10\n",[56,670,671],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,672,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,674,675,678,680,682,684,686,688,690],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,676,677],{"class":284},"distance ",[56,679,288],{"class":75},[56,681,304],{"class":62},[56,683,67],{"class":66},[56,685,635],{"class":237},[56,687,76],{"class":75},[56,689,640],{"class":237},[56,691,241],{"class":66},[56,693,694,696,698,701],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,695,63],{"class":62},[56,697,67],{"class":66},[56,699,700],{"class":237},"distance",[56,702,241],{"class":66},[14,704,130],{},[47,706,707],{"className":49,"code":140,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,708,709],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,710,711],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,712,140],{"class":79},[14,714,715],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[615,717,719],{"id":718},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[47,721,723],{"className":49,"code":722,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[18,724,725,737],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,726,727,730,732,734],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,728,729],{"class":284},"temperature_change ",[56,731,288],{"class":75},[56,733,291],{"class":75},[56,735,736],{"class":79},"6\n",[56,738,739,741,743,745,747,750],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,740,63],{"class":62},[56,742,67],{"class":66},[56,744,70],{"class":62},[56,746,67],{"class":66},[56,748,749],{"class":237},"temperature_change",[56,751,83],{"class":66},[14,753,130],{},[47,755,756],{"className":49,"code":736,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,757,758],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,759,760],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,761,736],{"class":79},[14,763,764],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[615,766,768],{"id":767},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[14,770,771,772,379],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[18,773,20],{},[47,775,777],{"className":49,"code":776,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[18,778,779,791,807,811],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,780,781,784,786,788],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,782,783],{"class":284},"balance_change ",[56,785,288],{"class":75},[56,787,291],{"class":75},[56,789,790],{"class":79},"25\n",[56,792,793,796,798,800,802,805],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,794,795],{"class":284},"safe_value ",[56,797,288],{"class":75},[56,799,304],{"class":62},[56,801,67],{"class":66},[56,803,804],{"class":237},"balance_change",[56,806,241],{"class":66},[56,808,809],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,810,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,812,813,815,817,820],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,814,63],{"class":62},[56,816,67],{"class":66},[56,818,819],{"class":237},"safe_value",[56,821,241],{"class":66},[14,823,130],{},[47,825,826],{"className":49,"code":790,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,827,828],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,829,830],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,831,790],{"class":79},[615,833,835],{"id":834},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[47,837,839],{"className":49,"code":838,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[18,840,841,851,861,865,885],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,842,843,846,848],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,844,845],{"class":284},"guess ",[56,847,288],{"class":75},[56,849,850],{"class":79}," 42\n",[56,852,853,856,858],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,854,855],{"class":284},"target ",[56,857,288],{"class":75},[56,859,860],{"class":79}," 50\n",[56,862,863],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,864,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,866,867,870,872,874,876,878,880,883],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,868,869],{"class":284},"difference ",[56,871,288],{"class":75},[56,873,304],{"class":62},[56,875,67],{"class":66},[56,877,845],{"class":237},[56,879,76],{"class":75},[56,881,882],{"class":237}," target",[56,884,241],{"class":66},[56,886,887,889,891,894],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,888,63],{"class":62},[56,890,67],{"class":66},[56,892,893],{"class":237},"difference",[56,895,241],{"class":66},[14,897,130],{},[47,899,900],{"className":49,"code":457,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,901,902],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,903,904],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,905,457],{"class":79},[14,907,908],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[42,910,912],{"id":911},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[615,914,916],{"id":915},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[14,918,919],{},"This causes an error:",[47,921,923],{"className":49,"code":922,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[18,924,925],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,926,927,929,931,933,935,939,942,944],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,928,63],{"class":62},[56,930,67],{"class":66},[56,932,70],{"class":62},[56,934,67],{"class":66},[56,936,938],{"class":937},"sjJ54","\"",[56,940,198],{"class":941},"s_sjI",[56,943,938],{"class":937},[56,945,83],{"class":66},[14,947,948,951,952,954],{},[18,949,950],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[18,953,20],{}," needs a numeric value.",[14,956,957,958,964,965,971],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[372,959,961],{"href":960},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[18,962,963],{},"int()"," or ",[372,966,968],{"href":967},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[18,969,970],{},"float()",":",[47,973,975],{"className":49,"code":974,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[18,976,977,1001],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,978,979,981,983,985,987,990,992,994,996,998],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,980,63],{"class":62},[56,982,67],{"class":66},[56,984,70],{"class":62},[56,986,67],{"class":66},[56,988,254],{"class":989},"sZMiF",[56,991,67],{"class":66},[56,993,938],{"class":937},[56,995,198],{"class":941},[56,997,938],{"class":937},[56,999,1000],{"class":66},")))\n",[56,1002,1003,1005,1007,1009,1011,1013,1015,1017,1020,1022],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,1004,63],{"class":62},[56,1006,67],{"class":66},[56,1008,70],{"class":62},[56,1010,67],{"class":66},[56,1012,258],{"class":989},[56,1014,67],{"class":66},[56,1016,938],{"class":937},[56,1018,1019],{"class":941},"-3.2",[56,1021,938],{"class":937},[56,1023,1000],{"class":66},[14,1025,130],{},[47,1027,1029],{"className":49,"code":1028,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"5\n3.2\n",[18,1030,1031,1036],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1032,1033],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1034,1035],{"class":79},"5\n",[56,1037,1038],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,1039,1040],{"class":79},"3.2\n",[14,1042,1043,1044,1047,1048,497],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[18,1045,1046],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[372,1049,1051],{"href":1050},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[615,1053,1055],{"id":1054},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[14,1057,1058],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[47,1060,1062],{"className":49,"code":1061,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,1063,1064],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1065,1066,1068,1070,1072,1075,1078,1081,1084,1086,1088],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1067,63],{"class":62},[56,1069,67],{"class":66},[56,1071,70],{"class":62},[56,1073,1074],{"class":66},"([",[56,1076,1077],{"class":79},"1",[56,1079,1080],{"class":66},",",[56,1082,1083],{"class":79}," 2",[56,1085,1080],{"class":66},[56,1087,529],{"class":79},[56,1089,1090],{"class":66},"]))\n",[14,1092,1093,1094,1097],{},"This raises a ",[18,1095,1096],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[615,1099,1101],{"id":1100},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[14,1103,1104,1106],{},[18,1105,20],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[47,1108,1110],{"className":49,"code":1109,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[18,1111,1112,1124,1134,1138],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1113,1114,1117,1119,1121],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1115,1116],{"class":284},"x ",[56,1118,288],{"class":75},[56,1120,291],{"class":75},[56,1122,1123],{"class":79},"9\n",[56,1125,1126,1128,1130,1132],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,1127,70],{"class":62},[56,1129,67],{"class":66},[56,1131,238],{"class":237},[56,1133,241],{"class":66},[56,1135,1136],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,1137,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,1139,1140,1142,1144,1146],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,1141,63],{"class":62},[56,1143,67],{"class":66},[56,1145,238],{"class":237},[56,1147,241],{"class":66},[14,1149,130],{},[47,1151,1153],{"className":49,"code":1152,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"-9\n",[18,1154,1155],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1156,1157,1159],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1158,76],{"class":75},[56,1160,1123],{"class":79},[14,1162,1163],{},"If you want to store the result:",[47,1165,1167],{"className":49,"code":1166,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[18,1168,1169,1179,1193,1197],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1170,1171,1173,1175,1177],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1172,1116],{"class":284},[56,1174,288],{"class":75},[56,1176,291],{"class":75},[56,1178,1123],{"class":79},[56,1180,1181,1183,1185,1187,1189,1191],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,1182,1116],{"class":284},[56,1184,288],{"class":75},[56,1186,304],{"class":62},[56,1188,67],{"class":66},[56,1190,238],{"class":237},[56,1192,241],{"class":66},[56,1194,1195],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,1196,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,1198,1199,1201,1203,1205],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,1200,63],{"class":62},[56,1202,67],{"class":66},[56,1204,238],{"class":237},[56,1206,241],{"class":66},[14,1208,130],{},[47,1210,1211],{"className":49,"code":1123,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,1212,1213],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1214,1215],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1216,1123],{"class":79},[615,1218,1220],{"id":1219},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[14,1222,1223,1225],{},[18,1224,20],{}," does not round numbers.",[47,1227,1229],{"className":49,"code":1228,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[18,1230,1231],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1232,1233,1235,1237,1239,1241,1243,1246],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1234,63],{"class":62},[56,1236,67],{"class":66},[56,1238,70],{"class":62},[56,1240,67],{"class":66},[56,1242,76],{"class":75},[56,1244,1245],{"class":79},"4.7",[56,1247,83],{"class":66},[14,1249,130],{},[47,1251,1253],{"className":49,"code":1252,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"4.7\n",[18,1254,1255],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1256,1257],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1258,1252],{"class":79},[14,1260,1261,1262,1264,1265,1267],{},"If you expected ",[18,1263,198],{},", that is a different operation. ",[18,1266,20],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[42,1269,1271],{"id":1270},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[14,1273,1274,1276],{},[18,1275,20],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[26,1278,1279,1286,1293],{},[29,1280,1281,1283,1284],{},[18,1282,254],{}," input → returns an ",[18,1285,254],{},[29,1287,1288,1290,1291],{},[18,1289,258],{}," input → returns a ",[18,1292,258],{},[29,1294,1295,1290,1297],{},[18,1296,262],{},[18,1298,258],{},[14,1300,274],{},[47,1302,1304],{"className":49,"code":1303,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[18,1305,1306,1327,1348],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1307,1308,1310,1312,1315,1317,1319,1321,1323,1325],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1309,63],{"class":62},[56,1311,67],{"class":66},[56,1313,1314],{"class":989},"type",[56,1316,67],{"class":66},[56,1318,70],{"class":62},[56,1320,67],{"class":66},[56,1322,76],{"class":75},[56,1324,198],{"class":79},[56,1326,1000],{"class":66},[56,1328,1329,1331,1333,1335,1337,1339,1341,1343,1346],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,1330,63],{"class":62},[56,1332,67],{"class":66},[56,1334,1314],{"class":989},[56,1336,67],{"class":66},[56,1338,70],{"class":62},[56,1340,67],{"class":66},[56,1342,76],{"class":75},[56,1344,1345],{"class":79},"3.2",[56,1347,1000],{"class":66},[56,1349,1350,1352,1354,1356,1358,1360,1362,1364,1366,1368,1370],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,1351,63],{"class":62},[56,1353,67],{"class":66},[56,1355,1314],{"class":989},[56,1357,67],{"class":66},[56,1359,70],{"class":62},[56,1361,67],{"class":66},[56,1363,121],{"class":79},[56,1365,532],{"class":75},[56,1367,535],{"class":79},[56,1369,125],{"class":124},[56,1371,1000],{"class":66},[14,1373,130],{},[47,1375,1377],{"className":49,"code":1376,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,1378,1379,1398,1412],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1380,1381,1384,1387,1390,1392,1395],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1382,1383],{"class":75},"\u003C",[56,1385,1386],{"class":124},"class",[56,1388,1389],{"class":937}," '",[56,1391,254],{"class":941},[56,1393,1394],{"class":937},"'",[56,1396,1397],{"class":75},">\n",[56,1399,1400,1402,1404,1406,1408,1410],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,1401,1383],{"class":75},[56,1403,1386],{"class":124},[56,1405,1389],{"class":937},[56,1407,258],{"class":941},[56,1409,1394],{"class":937},[56,1411,1397],{"class":75},[56,1413,1414,1416,1418,1420,1422,1424],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,1415,1383],{"class":75},[56,1417,1386],{"class":124},[56,1419,1389],{"class":937},[56,1421,258],{"class":941},[56,1423,1394],{"class":937},[56,1425,1397],{"class":75},[14,1427,1428],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[14,1430,1431],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[14,1433,1434],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[47,1436,1438],{"className":49,"code":1437,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[18,1439,1440,1455,1465,1479,1483,1497],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1441,1442,1444,1446,1449,1452],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1443,524],{"class":284},[56,1445,288],{"class":75},[56,1447,1448],{"class":937}," \"",[56,1450,1451],{"class":941},"-5",[56,1453,1454],{"class":937},"\"\n",[56,1456,1457,1459,1461,1463],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,1458,63],{"class":62},[56,1460,67],{"class":66},[56,1462,551],{"class":237},[56,1464,241],{"class":66},[56,1466,1467,1469,1471,1473,1475,1477],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,1468,63],{"class":62},[56,1470,67],{"class":66},[56,1472,1314],{"class":989},[56,1474,67],{"class":66},[56,1476,551],{"class":237},[56,1478,83],{"class":66},[56,1480,1481],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,1482,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,1484,1485,1488,1490,1492,1495],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,1486,1487],{"class":284},"user_input ",[56,1489,288],{"class":75},[56,1491,1448],{"class":937},[56,1493,1494],{"class":941},"-3.7",[56,1496,1454],{"class":937},[56,1498,1500,1502,1504,1506,1508,1510,1512,1515],{"class":58,"line":1499},6,[56,1501,63],{"class":62},[56,1503,67],{"class":66},[56,1505,70],{"class":62},[56,1507,67],{"class":66},[56,1509,258],{"class":989},[56,1511,67],{"class":66},[56,1513,1514],{"class":237},"user_input",[56,1516,1000],{"class":66},[14,1518,130],{},[47,1520,1522],{"className":49,"code":1521,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[18,1523,1524,1530,1545],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1525,1526,1528],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1527,76],{"class":75},[56,1529,1035],{"class":79},[56,1531,1532,1534,1536,1538,1541,1543],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,1533,1383],{"class":75},[56,1535,1386],{"class":124},[56,1537,1389],{"class":937},[56,1539,1540],{"class":941},"str",[56,1542,1394],{"class":937},[56,1544,1397],{"class":75},[56,1546,1547],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,1548,1549],{"class":79},"3.7\n",[42,1551,1553],{"id":1552},"faq","FAQ",[615,1555,1557],{"id":1556},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[14,1559,1560],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[615,1562,1564],{"id":1563},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[14,1566,1567],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[615,1569,1571],{"id":1570},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[14,1573,1574],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[615,1576,1578],{"id":1577},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[14,1580,1581,1583,1584,964,1586,1588,1589,497],{},[18,1582,1046],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[18,1585,963],{},[18,1587,970],{}," before using ",[18,1590,20],{},[615,1592,1594],{"id":1593},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[14,1596,1597],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[42,1599,1601],{"id":1600},"see-also","See also",[26,1603,1604,1611,1617,1623,1628],{},[29,1605,1606],{},[372,1607,1608,1610],{"href":960},[18,1609,963],{}," function explained",[29,1612,1613],{},[372,1614,1615,1610],{"href":967},[18,1616,970],{},[29,1618,1619],{},[372,1620,1621,1610],{"href":374},[18,1622,377],{},[29,1624,1625],{},[372,1626,1627],{"href":1050},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[29,1629,1630],{},[372,1631,496],{"href":495},[1633,1634,1635],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":1637},[1638,1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1649,1655,1656,1663],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":159,"depth":86,"text":160},{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":382,"depth":86,"text":383},{"id":500,"depth":86,"text":501},{"id":607,"depth":86,"text":608,"children":1644},[1645,1646,1647,1648],{"id":617,"depth":102,"text":618},{"id":718,"depth":102,"text":719},{"id":767,"depth":102,"text":768},{"id":834,"depth":102,"text":835},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912,"children":1650},[1651,1652,1653,1654],{"id":915,"depth":102,"text":916},{"id":1054,"depth":102,"text":1055},{"id":1100,"depth":102,"text":1101},{"id":1219,"depth":102,"text":1220},{"id":1270,"depth":86,"text":1271},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":1657},[1658,1659,1660,1661,1662],{"id":1556,"depth":102,"text":1557},{"id":1563,"depth":102,"text":1564},{"id":1570,"depth":102,"text":1571},{"id":1577,"depth":102,"text":1578},{"id":1593,"depth":102,"text":1594},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":1664},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",[1672,3023,4751,6452,8597,10802,12323,14501,16708,19168,21007,23573,25672,27954,29902,31813,33810,35250,37079,39604,41766,42995,44366,46014,48335,50179,52161,53855,55108,56802,58553,60525,62275,64375,65735,67686,69249,71240,73035,74935,77377,79455,82095,84124,86087,88275,90279,92592,94274,95719,96913,98091,99931,102371,104075,106090,107614,108859,110022,111404,113475,115372,117146,119012,121131,122871,124333,125927,127850,129527,131462,132951,135735,137312,138871,140899,142851,144314,145503,147389,148800,150496,152050,153472,154875,156773,159167,160998],{"id":4,"title":5,"body":1673,"description":1664,"extension":1665,"meta":3021,"navigation":316,"path":1667,"seo":3022,"stem":1669,"__hash__":1670},{"type":7,"value":1674,"toc":2993},[1675,1677,1681,1683,1691,1693,1695,1751,1753,1769,1773,1775,1779,1781,1793,1795,1815,1817,1819,1821,1835,1837,1855,1857,1909,1911,1925,1931,1937,1939,1941,1991,1993,2009,2011,2031,2035,2037,2041,2045,2047,2079,2081,2089,2093,2107,2109,2119,2121,2125,2127,2129,2147,2149,2201,2203,2211,2213,2215,2243,2245,2253,2255,2257,2261,2303,2305,2313,2315,2367,2369,2377,2379,2381,2383,2385,2407,2413,2423,2471,2473,2485,2491,2493,2495,2521,2525,2527,2531,2569,2571,2581,2583,2625,2627,2635,2637,2641,2661,2663,2671,2677,2679,2683,2703,2705,2773,2775,2821,2823,2825,2827,2901,2903,2931,2933,2935,2937,2939,2941,2943,2945,2947,2957,2959,2961,2963,2991],[10,1676,5],{"id":12},[14,1678,16,1679,21],{},[18,1680,20],{},[14,1682,24],{},[26,1684,1685,1687,1689],{},[29,1686,31],{},[29,1688,34],{},[29,1690,37],{},[14,1692,40],{},[42,1694,45],{"id":44},[47,1696,1697],{"className":49,"code":50,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,1698,1699,1715,1729],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1700,1701,1703,1705,1707,1709,1711,1713],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1702,63],{"class":62},[56,1704,67],{"class":66},[56,1706,70],{"class":62},[56,1708,67],{"class":66},[56,1710,76],{"class":75},[56,1712,80],{"class":79},[56,1714,83],{"class":66},[56,1716,1717,1719,1721,1723,1725,1727],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,1718,63],{"class":62},[56,1720,67],{"class":66},[56,1722,70],{"class":62},[56,1724,67],{"class":66},[56,1726,97],{"class":79},[56,1728,83],{"class":66},[56,1730,1731,1733,1735,1737,1739,1741,1743,1745,1747,1749],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,1732,63],{"class":62},[56,1734,67],{"class":66},[56,1736,70],{"class":62},[56,1738,67],{"class":66},[56,1740,76],{"class":75},[56,1742,115],{"class":79},[56,1744,118],{"class":75},[56,1746,121],{"class":79},[56,1748,125],{"class":124},[56,1750,83],{"class":66},[14,1752,130],{},[47,1754,1755],{"className":49,"code":133,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,1756,1757,1761,1765],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1758,1759],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1760,140],{"class":79},[56,1762,1763],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,1764,145],{"class":79},[56,1766,1767],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,1768,150],{"class":79},[14,1770,153,1771,156],{},[18,1772,20],{},[42,1774,160],{"id":159},[14,1776,1777,165],{},[18,1778,20],{},[14,1780,168],{},[26,1782,1783,1785,1787],{},[29,1784,173],{},[29,1786,176],{},[29,1788,1789,182,1791],{},[18,1790,181],{},[18,1792,181],{},[14,1794,187],{},[26,1796,1797,1803,1809],{},[29,1798,1799,195,1801],{},[18,1800,194],{},[18,1802,198],{},[29,1804,1805,195,1807],{},[18,1806,203],{},[18,1808,206],{},[29,1810,1811,195,1813],{},[18,1812,211],{},[18,1814,181],{},[14,1816,216],{},[42,1818,220],{"id":219},[14,1820,223],{},[47,1822,1823],{"className":49,"code":226,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,1824,1825],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1826,1827,1829,1831,1833],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1828,70],{"class":62},[56,1830,67],{"class":66},[56,1832,238],{"class":237},[56,1834,241],{"class":66},[14,1836,244],{},[26,1838,1839,1849,1853],{},[29,1840,1841,251,1843,255,1845,259,1847,263],{},[18,1842,238],{},[18,1844,254],{},[18,1846,258],{},[18,1848,262],{},[29,1850,1851,268],{},[18,1852,20],{},[29,1854,271],{},[14,1856,274],{},[47,1858,1859],{"className":49,"code":277,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,1860,1861,1871,1885,1889,1899],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1862,1863,1865,1867,1869],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1864,285],{"class":284},[56,1866,288],{"class":75},[56,1868,291],{"class":75},[56,1870,294],{"class":79},[56,1872,1873,1875,1877,1879,1881,1883],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,1874,299],{"class":284},[56,1876,288],{"class":75},[56,1878,304],{"class":62},[56,1880,67],{"class":66},[56,1882,309],{"class":237},[56,1884,241],{"class":66},[56,1886,1887],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,1888,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,1890,1891,1893,1895,1897],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,1892,63],{"class":62},[56,1894,67],{"class":66},[56,1896,309],{"class":237},[56,1898,241],{"class":66},[56,1900,1901,1903,1905,1907],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,1902,63],{"class":62},[56,1904,67],{"class":66},[56,1906,338],{"class":237},[56,1908,241],{"class":66},[14,1910,130],{},[47,1912,1913],{"className":49,"code":345,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,1914,1915,1921],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1916,1917,1919],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1918,76],{"class":75},[56,1920,294],{"class":79},[56,1922,1923],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,1924,294],{"class":79},[14,1926,360,1927,363,1929,367],{},[18,1928,309],{},[18,1930,366],{},[14,1932,370,1933,379],{},[372,1934,1935,378],{"href":374},[18,1936,377],{},[42,1938,383],{"id":382},[14,1940,386],{},[47,1942,1943],{"className":49,"code":389,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,1944,1945,1961,1975],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1946,1947,1949,1951,1953,1955,1957,1959],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,1948,63],{"class":62},[56,1950,67],{"class":66},[56,1952,70],{"class":62},[56,1954,67],{"class":66},[56,1956,76],{"class":75},[56,1958,406],{"class":79},[56,1960,83],{"class":66},[56,1962,1963,1965,1967,1969,1971,1973],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,1964,63],{"class":62},[56,1966,67],{"class":66},[56,1968,70],{"class":62},[56,1970,67],{"class":66},[56,1972,421],{"class":79},[56,1974,83],{"class":66},[56,1976,1977,1979,1981,1983,1985,1987,1989],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,1978,63],{"class":62},[56,1980,67],{"class":66},[56,1982,70],{"class":62},[56,1984,67],{"class":66},[56,1986,76],{"class":75},[56,1988,438],{"class":79},[56,1990,83],{"class":66},[14,1992,130],{},[47,1994,1995],{"className":49,"code":445,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,1996,1997,2001,2005],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,1998,1999],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2000,452],{"class":79},[56,2002,2003],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,2004,457],{"class":79},[56,2006,2007],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,2008,462],{"class":79},[14,2010,465],{},[26,2012,2013,2019,2025],{},[29,2014,2015,473,2017],{},[18,2016,472],{},[18,2018,406],{},[29,2020,2021,473,2023],{},[18,2022,480],{},[18,2024,421],{},[29,2026,2027,473,2029],{},[18,2028,487],{},[18,2030,438],{},[14,2032,492,2033,497],{},[372,2034,496],{"href":495},[42,2036,501],{"id":500},[14,2038,2039,506],{},[18,2040,20],{},[14,2042,509,2043,512],{},[18,2044,181],{},[14,2046,274],{},[47,2048,2049],{"className":49,"code":517,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,2050,2051,2065],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2052,2053,2055,2057,2059,2061,2063],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2054,524],{"class":284},[56,2056,288],{"class":75},[56,2058,529],{"class":79},[56,2060,532],{"class":75},[56,2062,535],{"class":79},[56,2064,538],{"class":124},[56,2066,2067,2069,2071,2073,2075,2077],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,2068,63],{"class":62},[56,2070,67],{"class":66},[56,2072,70],{"class":62},[56,2074,67],{"class":66},[56,2076,551],{"class":237},[56,2078,83],{"class":66},[14,2080,130],{},[47,2082,2083],{"className":49,"code":558,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,2084,2085],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2086,2087],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2088,558],{"class":79},[14,2090,567,2091,571],{},[18,2092,570],{},[26,2094,2095,2099,2103],{},[29,2096,576,2097],{},[18,2098,121],{},[29,2100,581,2101],{},[18,2102,584],{},[29,2104,587,2105],{},[18,2106,570],{},[14,2108,592],{},[26,2110,2111,2117],{},[29,2112,2113,599,2115],{},[18,2114,20],{},[18,2116,258],{},[29,2118,604],{},[42,2120,608],{"id":607},[14,2122,611,2123,497],{},[18,2124,20],{},[615,2126,618],{"id":617},[14,2128,621],{},[47,2130,2131],{"className":49,"code":624,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,2132,2133],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2134,2135,2137,2139,2141,2143,2145],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2136,70],{"class":62},[56,2138,67],{"class":66},[56,2140,635],{"class":237},[56,2142,76],{"class":75},[56,2144,640],{"class":237},[56,2146,241],{"class":66},[14,2148,274],{},[47,2150,2151],{"className":49,"code":647,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,2152,2153,2161,2169,2173,2191],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2154,2155,2157,2159],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2156,635],{"class":284},[56,2158,288],{"class":75},[56,2160,658],{"class":79},[56,2162,2163,2165,2167],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,2164,663],{"class":284},[56,2166,288],{"class":75},[56,2168,668],{"class":79},[56,2170,2171],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,2172,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,2174,2175,2177,2179,2181,2183,2185,2187,2189],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,2176,677],{"class":284},[56,2178,288],{"class":75},[56,2180,304],{"class":62},[56,2182,67],{"class":66},[56,2184,635],{"class":237},[56,2186,76],{"class":75},[56,2188,640],{"class":237},[56,2190,241],{"class":66},[56,2192,2193,2195,2197,2199],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,2194,63],{"class":62},[56,2196,67],{"class":66},[56,2198,700],{"class":237},[56,2200,241],{"class":66},[14,2202,130],{},[47,2204,2205],{"className":49,"code":140,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,2206,2207],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2208,2209],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2210,140],{"class":79},[14,2212,715],{},[615,2214,719],{"id":718},[47,2216,2217],{"className":49,"code":722,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,2218,2219,2229],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2220,2221,2223,2225,2227],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2222,729],{"class":284},[56,2224,288],{"class":75},[56,2226,291],{"class":75},[56,2228,736],{"class":79},[56,2230,2231,2233,2235,2237,2239,2241],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,2232,63],{"class":62},[56,2234,67],{"class":66},[56,2236,70],{"class":62},[56,2238,67],{"class":66},[56,2240,749],{"class":237},[56,2242,83],{"class":66},[14,2244,130],{},[47,2246,2247],{"className":49,"code":736,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,2248,2249],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2250,2251],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2252,736],{"class":79},[14,2254,764],{},[615,2256,768],{"id":767},[14,2258,771,2259,379],{},[18,2260,20],{},[47,2262,2263],{"className":49,"code":776,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,2264,2265,2275,2289,2293],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2266,2267,2269,2271,2273],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2268,783],{"class":284},[56,2270,288],{"class":75},[56,2272,291],{"class":75},[56,2274,790],{"class":79},[56,2276,2277,2279,2281,2283,2285,2287],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,2278,795],{"class":284},[56,2280,288],{"class":75},[56,2282,304],{"class":62},[56,2284,67],{"class":66},[56,2286,804],{"class":237},[56,2288,241],{"class":66},[56,2290,2291],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,2292,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,2294,2295,2297,2299,2301],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,2296,63],{"class":62},[56,2298,67],{"class":66},[56,2300,819],{"class":237},[56,2302,241],{"class":66},[14,2304,130],{},[47,2306,2307],{"className":49,"code":790,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,2308,2309],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2310,2311],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2312,790],{"class":79},[615,2314,835],{"id":834},[47,2316,2317],{"className":49,"code":838,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,2318,2319,2327,2335,2339,2357],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2320,2321,2323,2325],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2322,845],{"class":284},[56,2324,288],{"class":75},[56,2326,850],{"class":79},[56,2328,2329,2331,2333],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,2330,855],{"class":284},[56,2332,288],{"class":75},[56,2334,860],{"class":79},[56,2336,2337],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,2338,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,2340,2341,2343,2345,2347,2349,2351,2353,2355],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,2342,869],{"class":284},[56,2344,288],{"class":75},[56,2346,304],{"class":62},[56,2348,67],{"class":66},[56,2350,845],{"class":237},[56,2352,76],{"class":75},[56,2354,882],{"class":237},[56,2356,241],{"class":66},[56,2358,2359,2361,2363,2365],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,2360,63],{"class":62},[56,2362,67],{"class":66},[56,2364,893],{"class":237},[56,2366,241],{"class":66},[14,2368,130],{},[47,2370,2371],{"className":49,"code":457,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,2372,2373],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2374,2375],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2376,457],{"class":79},[14,2378,908],{},[42,2380,912],{"id":911},[615,2382,916],{"id":915},[14,2384,919],{},[47,2386,2387],{"className":49,"code":922,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,2388,2389],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2390,2391,2393,2395,2397,2399,2401,2403,2405],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2392,63],{"class":62},[56,2394,67],{"class":66},[56,2396,70],{"class":62},[56,2398,67],{"class":66},[56,2400,938],{"class":937},[56,2402,198],{"class":941},[56,2404,938],{"class":937},[56,2406,83],{"class":66},[14,2408,2409,951,2411,954],{},[18,2410,950],{},[18,2412,20],{},[14,2414,957,2415,964,2419,971],{},[372,2416,2417],{"href":960},[18,2418,963],{},[372,2420,2421],{"href":967},[18,2422,970],{},[47,2424,2425],{"className":49,"code":974,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,2426,2427,2449],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2428,2429,2431,2433,2435,2437,2439,2441,2443,2445,2447],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2430,63],{"class":62},[56,2432,67],{"class":66},[56,2434,70],{"class":62},[56,2436,67],{"class":66},[56,2438,254],{"class":989},[56,2440,67],{"class":66},[56,2442,938],{"class":937},[56,2444,198],{"class":941},[56,2446,938],{"class":937},[56,2448,1000],{"class":66},[56,2450,2451,2453,2455,2457,2459,2461,2463,2465,2467,2469],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,2452,63],{"class":62},[56,2454,67],{"class":66},[56,2456,70],{"class":62},[56,2458,67],{"class":66},[56,2460,258],{"class":989},[56,2462,67],{"class":66},[56,2464,938],{"class":937},[56,2466,1019],{"class":941},[56,2468,938],{"class":937},[56,2470,1000],{"class":66},[14,2472,130],{},[47,2474,2475],{"className":49,"code":1028,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,2476,2477,2481],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2478,2479],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2480,1035],{"class":79},[56,2482,2483],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,2484,1040],{"class":79},[14,2486,1043,2487,1047,2489,497],{},[18,2488,1046],{},[372,2490,1051],{"href":1050},[615,2492,1055],{"id":1054},[14,2494,1058],{},[47,2496,2497],{"className":49,"code":1061,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,2498,2499],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2500,2501,2503,2505,2507,2509,2511,2513,2515,2517,2519],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2502,63],{"class":62},[56,2504,67],{"class":66},[56,2506,70],{"class":62},[56,2508,1074],{"class":66},[56,2510,1077],{"class":79},[56,2512,1080],{"class":66},[56,2514,1083],{"class":79},[56,2516,1080],{"class":66},[56,2518,529],{"class":79},[56,2520,1090],{"class":66},[14,2522,1093,2523,1097],{},[18,2524,1096],{},[615,2526,1101],{"id":1100},[14,2528,2529,1106],{},[18,2530,20],{},[47,2532,2533],{"className":49,"code":1109,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,2534,2535,2545,2555,2559],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2536,2537,2539,2541,2543],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2538,1116],{"class":284},[56,2540,288],{"class":75},[56,2542,291],{"class":75},[56,2544,1123],{"class":79},[56,2546,2547,2549,2551,2553],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,2548,70],{"class":62},[56,2550,67],{"class":66},[56,2552,238],{"class":237},[56,2554,241],{"class":66},[56,2556,2557],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,2558,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,2560,2561,2563,2565,2567],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,2562,63],{"class":62},[56,2564,67],{"class":66},[56,2566,238],{"class":237},[56,2568,241],{"class":66},[14,2570,130],{},[47,2572,2573],{"className":49,"code":1152,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,2574,2575],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2576,2577,2579],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2578,76],{"class":75},[56,2580,1123],{"class":79},[14,2582,1163],{},[47,2584,2585],{"className":49,"code":1166,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,2586,2587,2597,2611,2615],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2588,2589,2591,2593,2595],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2590,1116],{"class":284},[56,2592,288],{"class":75},[56,2594,291],{"class":75},[56,2596,1123],{"class":79},[56,2598,2599,2601,2603,2605,2607,2609],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,2600,1116],{"class":284},[56,2602,288],{"class":75},[56,2604,304],{"class":62},[56,2606,67],{"class":66},[56,2608,238],{"class":237},[56,2610,241],{"class":66},[56,2612,2613],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,2614,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,2616,2617,2619,2621,2623],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,2618,63],{"class":62},[56,2620,67],{"class":66},[56,2622,238],{"class":237},[56,2624,241],{"class":66},[14,2626,130],{},[47,2628,2629],{"className":49,"code":1123,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,2630,2631],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2632,2633],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2634,1123],{"class":79},[615,2636,1220],{"id":1219},[14,2638,2639,1225],{},[18,2640,20],{},[47,2642,2643],{"className":49,"code":1228,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,2644,2645],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2646,2647,2649,2651,2653,2655,2657,2659],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2648,63],{"class":62},[56,2650,67],{"class":66},[56,2652,70],{"class":62},[56,2654,67],{"class":66},[56,2656,76],{"class":75},[56,2658,1245],{"class":79},[56,2660,83],{"class":66},[14,2662,130],{},[47,2664,2665],{"className":49,"code":1252,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,2666,2667],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2668,2669],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2670,1252],{"class":79},[14,2672,1261,2673,1264,2675,1267],{},[18,2674,198],{},[18,2676,20],{},[42,2678,1271],{"id":1270},[14,2680,2681,1276],{},[18,2682,20],{},[26,2684,2685,2691,2697],{},[29,2686,2687,1283,2689],{},[18,2688,254],{},[18,2690,254],{},[29,2692,2693,1290,2695],{},[18,2694,258],{},[18,2696,258],{},[29,2698,2699,1290,2701],{},[18,2700,262],{},[18,2702,258],{},[14,2704,274],{},[47,2706,2707],{"className":49,"code":1303,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,2708,2709,2729,2749],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2710,2711,2713,2715,2717,2719,2721,2723,2725,2727],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2712,63],{"class":62},[56,2714,67],{"class":66},[56,2716,1314],{"class":989},[56,2718,67],{"class":66},[56,2720,70],{"class":62},[56,2722,67],{"class":66},[56,2724,76],{"class":75},[56,2726,198],{"class":79},[56,2728,1000],{"class":66},[56,2730,2731,2733,2735,2737,2739,2741,2743,2745,2747],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,2732,63],{"class":62},[56,2734,67],{"class":66},[56,2736,1314],{"class":989},[56,2738,67],{"class":66},[56,2740,70],{"class":62},[56,2742,67],{"class":66},[56,2744,76],{"class":75},[56,2746,1345],{"class":79},[56,2748,1000],{"class":66},[56,2750,2751,2753,2755,2757,2759,2761,2763,2765,2767,2769,2771],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,2752,63],{"class":62},[56,2754,67],{"class":66},[56,2756,1314],{"class":989},[56,2758,67],{"class":66},[56,2760,70],{"class":62},[56,2762,67],{"class":66},[56,2764,121],{"class":79},[56,2766,532],{"class":75},[56,2768,535],{"class":79},[56,2770,125],{"class":124},[56,2772,1000],{"class":66},[14,2774,130],{},[47,2776,2777],{"className":49,"code":1376,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,2778,2779,2793,2807],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2780,2781,2783,2785,2787,2789,2791],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2782,1383],{"class":75},[56,2784,1386],{"class":124},[56,2786,1389],{"class":937},[56,2788,254],{"class":941},[56,2790,1394],{"class":937},[56,2792,1397],{"class":75},[56,2794,2795,2797,2799,2801,2803,2805],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,2796,1383],{"class":75},[56,2798,1386],{"class":124},[56,2800,1389],{"class":937},[56,2802,258],{"class":941},[56,2804,1394],{"class":937},[56,2806,1397],{"class":75},[56,2808,2809,2811,2813,2815,2817,2819],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,2810,1383],{"class":75},[56,2812,1386],{"class":124},[56,2814,1389],{"class":937},[56,2816,258],{"class":941},[56,2818,1394],{"class":937},[56,2820,1397],{"class":75},[14,2822,1428],{},[14,2824,1431],{},[14,2826,1434],{},[47,2828,2829],{"className":49,"code":1437,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,2830,2831,2843,2853,2867,2871,2883],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2832,2833,2835,2837,2839,2841],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2834,524],{"class":284},[56,2836,288],{"class":75},[56,2838,1448],{"class":937},[56,2840,1451],{"class":941},[56,2842,1454],{"class":937},[56,2844,2845,2847,2849,2851],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,2846,63],{"class":62},[56,2848,67],{"class":66},[56,2850,551],{"class":237},[56,2852,241],{"class":66},[56,2854,2855,2857,2859,2861,2863,2865],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,2856,63],{"class":62},[56,2858,67],{"class":66},[56,2860,1314],{"class":989},[56,2862,67],{"class":66},[56,2864,551],{"class":237},[56,2866,83],{"class":66},[56,2868,2869],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,2870,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,2872,2873,2875,2877,2879,2881],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,2874,1487],{"class":284},[56,2876,288],{"class":75},[56,2878,1448],{"class":937},[56,2880,1494],{"class":941},[56,2882,1454],{"class":937},[56,2884,2885,2887,2889,2891,2893,2895,2897,2899],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,2886,63],{"class":62},[56,2888,67],{"class":66},[56,2890,70],{"class":62},[56,2892,67],{"class":66},[56,2894,258],{"class":989},[56,2896,67],{"class":66},[56,2898,1514],{"class":237},[56,2900,1000],{"class":66},[14,2902,130],{},[47,2904,2905],{"className":49,"code":1521,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,2906,2907,2913,2927],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,2908,2909,2911],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,2910,76],{"class":75},[56,2912,1035],{"class":79},[56,2914,2915,2917,2919,2921,2923,2925],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,2916,1383],{"class":75},[56,2918,1386],{"class":124},[56,2920,1389],{"class":937},[56,2922,1540],{"class":941},[56,2924,1394],{"class":937},[56,2926,1397],{"class":75},[56,2928,2929],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,2930,1549],{"class":79},[42,2932,1553],{"id":1552},[615,2934,1557],{"id":1556},[14,2936,1560],{},[615,2938,1564],{"id":1563},[14,2940,1567],{},[615,2942,1571],{"id":1570},[14,2944,1574],{},[615,2946,1578],{"id":1577},[14,2948,2949,1583,2951,964,2953,1588,2955,497],{},[18,2950,1046],{},[18,2952,963],{},[18,2954,970],{},[18,2956,20],{},[615,2958,1594],{"id":1593},[14,2960,1597],{},[42,2962,1601],{"id":1600},[26,2964,2965,2971,2977,2983,2987],{},[29,2966,2967],{},[372,2968,2969,1610],{"href":960},[18,2970,963],{},[29,2972,2973],{},[372,2974,2975,1610],{"href":967},[18,2976,970],{},[29,2978,2979],{},[372,2980,2981,1610],{"href":374},[18,2982,377],{},[29,2984,2985],{},[372,2986,1627],{"href":1050},[29,2988,2989],{},[372,2990,496],{"href":495},[1633,2992,1635],{},{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":2994},[2995,2996,2997,2998,2999,3000,3006,3012,3013,3020],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":159,"depth":86,"text":160},{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":382,"depth":86,"text":383},{"id":500,"depth":86,"text":501},{"id":607,"depth":86,"text":608,"children":3001},[3002,3003,3004,3005],{"id":617,"depth":102,"text":618},{"id":718,"depth":102,"text":719},{"id":767,"depth":102,"text":768},{"id":834,"depth":102,"text":835},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912,"children":3007},[3008,3009,3010,3011],{"id":915,"depth":102,"text":916},{"id":1054,"depth":102,"text":1055},{"id":1100,"depth":102,"text":1101},{"id":1219,"depth":102,"text":1220},{"id":1270,"depth":86,"text":1271},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":3014},[3015,3016,3017,3018,3019],{"id":1556,"depth":102,"text":1557},{"id":1563,"depth":102,"text":1564},{"id":1570,"depth":102,"text":1571},{"id":1577,"depth":102,"text":1578},{"id":1593,"depth":102,"text":1594},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},{},{"title":5,"description":1664},{"id":3024,"title":3025,"body":3026,"description":4745,"extension":1665,"meta":4746,"navigation":316,"path":4747,"seo":4748,"stem":4749,"__hash__":4750},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3027,"toc":4709},[3028,3036,3042,3045,3062,3066,3125,3135,3142,3146,3165,3168,3185,3188,3192,3200,3218,3221,3261,3264,3271,3277,3355,3357,3389,3395,3399,3403,3442,3444,3453,3460,3464,3503,3505,3514,3524,3528,3584,3586,3594,3597,3600,3647,3649,3657,3663,3670,3675,3678,3681,3748,3750,3758,3761,3828,3830,3838,3852,3855,3867,3871,3877,3880,3882,3898,3900,3908,3911,3914,3917,3934,3937,3940,3970,3972,3985,3989,3993,3996,4011,4016,4019,4046,4053,4056,4096,4103,4109,4117,4120,4172,4179,4244,4249,4258,4261,4279,4285,4288,4430,4436,4441,4444,4455,4458,4514,4516,4524,4527,4586,4588,4596,4599,4610,4612,4619,4628,4637,4640,4647,4650,4659,4672,4674,4706],[10,3029,3031,3032,3035],{"id":3030},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[18,3033,3034],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[14,3037,3038,3039,3041],{},"Python’s ",[18,3040,3034],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[14,3043,3044],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[26,3046,3047,3050,3053],{},[29,3048,3049],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[29,3051,3052],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[29,3054,3055,473,3058,3061],{},[18,3056,3057],{},"all([])",[18,3059,3060],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[42,3063,3065],{"id":3064},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[47,3067,3069],{"className":49,"code":3068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[18,3070,3071,3094,3110],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3072,3073,3076,3078,3081,3083,3085,3087,3089,3091],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3074,3075],{"class":284},"numbers ",[56,3077,288],{"class":75},[56,3079,3080],{"class":66}," [",[56,3082,1077],{"class":79},[56,3084,1080],{"class":66},[56,3086,1083],{"class":79},[56,3088,1080],{"class":66},[56,3090,529],{"class":79},[56,3092,3093],{"class":66},"]\n",[56,3095,3096,3098,3100,3103,3105,3108],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,3097,299],{"class":284},[56,3099,288],{"class":75},[56,3101,3102],{"class":62}," all",[56,3104,67],{"class":66},[56,3106,3107],{"class":237},"numbers",[56,3109,241],{"class":66},[56,3111,3112,3114,3116,3118,3121],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,3113,63],{"class":62},[56,3115,67],{"class":66},[56,3117,338],{"class":237},[56,3119,3120],{"class":66},")",[56,3122,3124],{"class":3123},"sutJx","  # True\n",[14,3126,3127,473,3129,3131,3132,497],{},[18,3128,3034],{},[18,3130,3060],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[18,3133,3134],{},"False",[42,3136,3138,3139,3141],{"id":3137},"what-all-does","What ",[18,3140,3034],{}," does",[14,3143,3144,971],{},[18,3145,3034],{},[26,3147,3148,3151,3157,3162],{},[29,3149,3150],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[29,3152,3153,3154,3156],{},"returns ",[18,3155,3060],{}," if all items are truthy",[29,3158,3153,3159,3161],{},[18,3160,3134],{}," if any item is falsy",[29,3163,3164],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[14,3166,3167],{},"Basic syntax:",[47,3169,3171],{"className":49,"code":3170,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"all(iterable)\n",[18,3172,3173],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3174,3175,3178,3180,3183],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3176,3177],{"class":62},"all",[56,3179,67],{"class":66},[56,3181,3182],{"class":237},"iterable",[56,3184,241],{"class":66},[14,3186,3187],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[42,3189,3191],{"id":3190},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[14,3193,3194,3195,964,3197,3199],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[18,3196,3060],{},[18,3198,3134],{}," in conditions.",[26,3201,3202,3211],{},[29,3203,3204,3208,3209],{},[3205,3206,3207],"strong",{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[18,3210,3060],{},[29,3212,3213,3208,3216],{},[3205,3214,3215],{},"Falsy",[18,3217,3134],{},[14,3219,3220],{},"Common falsy values include:",[26,3222,3223,3227,3232,3237,3242,3246,3251,3256],{},[29,3224,3225],{},[18,3226,181],{},[29,3228,3229],{},[18,3230,3231],{},"0.0",[29,3233,3234],{},[18,3235,3236],{},"''",[29,3238,3239],{},[18,3240,3241],{},"None",[29,3243,3244],{},[18,3245,3134],{},[29,3247,3248],{},[18,3249,3250],{},"[]",[29,3252,3253],{},[18,3254,3255],{},"{}",[29,3257,3258],{},[18,3259,3260],{},"set()",[14,3262,3263],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[14,3265,3266,3267,497],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[372,3268,3270],{"href":3269},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[14,3272,3273,3274,971],{},"You can test this with ",[18,3275,3276],{},"bool()",[47,3278,3280],{"className":49,"code":3279,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[18,3281,3282,3320,3324],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3283,3284,3287,3289,3291,3293,3295,3298,3300,3303,3305,3307,3310,3312,3314,3318],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3285,3286],{"class":284},"values ",[56,3288,288],{"class":75},[56,3290,3080],{"class":66},[56,3292,1077],{"class":79},[56,3294,1080],{"class":66},[56,3296,3297],{"class":79}," 0",[56,3299,1080],{"class":66},[56,3301,3302],{"class":937}," ''",[56,3304,1080],{"class":66},[56,3306,1389],{"class":937},[56,3308,3309],{"class":941},"hello",[56,3311,1394],{"class":937},[56,3313,1080],{"class":66},[56,3315,3317],{"class":3316},"s39Yj"," None",[56,3319,3093],{"class":66},[56,3321,3322],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,3323,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,3325,3326,3328,3330,3333,3335,3337,3339,3343,3346,3349,3352],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,3327,63],{"class":62},[56,3329,1074],{"class":66},[56,3331,3332],{"class":989},"bool",[56,3334,67],{"class":66},[56,3336,238],{"class":237},[56,3338,3120],{"class":66},[56,3340,3342],{"class":3341},"sVHd0"," for",[56,3344,3345],{"class":237}," x ",[56,3347,3348],{"class":3341},"in",[56,3350,3351],{"class":237}," values",[56,3353,3354],{"class":66},"])\n",[14,3356,130],{},[47,3358,3360],{"className":49,"code":3359,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[18,3361,3362],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3363,3364,3367,3369,3371,3374,3376,3378,3380,3383,3385,3387],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3365,3366],{"class":66},"[",[56,3368,3060],{"class":3316},[56,3370,1080],{"class":66},[56,3372,3373],{"class":3316}," False",[56,3375,1080],{"class":66},[56,3377,3373],{"class":3316},[56,3379,1080],{"class":66},[56,3381,3382],{"class":3316}," True",[56,3384,1080],{"class":66},[56,3386,3373],{"class":3316},[56,3388,3093],{"class":66},[14,3390,3391,3392,3394],{},"This matters because ",[18,3393,3034],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[42,3396,3398],{"id":3397},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[615,3400,3402],{"id":3401},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[47,3404,3406],{"className":49,"code":3405,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,3407,3408,3428],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3409,3410,3412,3414,3416,3418,3420,3422,3424,3426],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3411,3075],{"class":284},[56,3413,288],{"class":75},[56,3415,3080],{"class":66},[56,3417,1077],{"class":79},[56,3419,1080],{"class":66},[56,3421,1083],{"class":79},[56,3423,1080],{"class":66},[56,3425,529],{"class":79},[56,3427,3093],{"class":66},[56,3429,3430,3432,3434,3436,3438,3440],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,3431,63],{"class":62},[56,3433,67],{"class":66},[56,3435,3177],{"class":62},[56,3437,67],{"class":66},[56,3439,3107],{"class":237},[56,3441,83],{"class":66},[14,3443,130],{},[47,3445,3447],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\n",[18,3448,3449],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3450,3451],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3452,3446],{"class":3316},[14,3454,3455,3456,473,3458,497],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[18,3457,3034],{},[18,3459,3060],{},[615,3461,3463],{"id":3462},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[47,3465,3467],{"className":49,"code":3466,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,3468,3469,3489],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3470,3471,3473,3475,3477,3479,3481,3483,3485,3487],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3472,3075],{"class":284},[56,3474,288],{"class":75},[56,3476,3080],{"class":66},[56,3478,1077],{"class":79},[56,3480,1080],{"class":66},[56,3482,3297],{"class":79},[56,3484,1080],{"class":66},[56,3486,529],{"class":79},[56,3488,3093],{"class":66},[56,3490,3491,3493,3495,3497,3499,3501],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,3492,63],{"class":62},[56,3494,67],{"class":66},[56,3496,3177],{"class":62},[56,3498,67],{"class":66},[56,3500,3107],{"class":237},[56,3502,83],{"class":66},[14,3504,130],{},[47,3506,3508],{"className":49,"code":3507,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"False\n",[18,3509,3510],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3511,3512],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3513,3507],{"class":3316},[14,3515,3516,3517,3519,3520,473,3522,497],{},"The value ",[18,3518,181],{}," is falsy, so ",[18,3521,3034],{},[18,3523,3134],{},[615,3525,3527],{"id":3526},"example-strings","Example: strings",[47,3529,3531],{"className":49,"code":3530,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[18,3532,3533,3569],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3534,3535,3538,3540,3542,3544,3547,3549,3551,3553,3556,3558,3560,3562,3565,3567],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3536,3537],{"class":284},"words ",[56,3539,288],{"class":75},[56,3541,3080],{"class":66},[56,3543,1394],{"class":937},[56,3545,3546],{"class":941},"apple",[56,3548,1394],{"class":937},[56,3550,1080],{"class":66},[56,3552,1389],{"class":937},[56,3554,3555],{"class":941},"banana",[56,3557,1394],{"class":937},[56,3559,1080],{"class":66},[56,3561,1389],{"class":937},[56,3563,3564],{"class":941},"cherry",[56,3566,1394],{"class":937},[56,3568,3093],{"class":66},[56,3570,3571,3573,3575,3577,3579,3582],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,3572,63],{"class":62},[56,3574,67],{"class":66},[56,3576,3177],{"class":62},[56,3578,67],{"class":66},[56,3580,3581],{"class":237},"words",[56,3583,83],{"class":66},[14,3585,130],{},[47,3587,3588],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,3589,3590],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3591,3592],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3593,3446],{"class":3316},[14,3595,3596],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[14,3598,3599],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[47,3601,3603],{"className":49,"code":3602,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[18,3604,3605,3633],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3606,3607,3609,3611,3613,3615,3617,3619,3621,3623,3625,3627,3629,3631],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3608,3537],{"class":284},[56,3610,288],{"class":75},[56,3612,3080],{"class":66},[56,3614,1394],{"class":937},[56,3616,3546],{"class":941},[56,3618,1394],{"class":937},[56,3620,1080],{"class":66},[56,3622,3302],{"class":937},[56,3624,1080],{"class":66},[56,3626,1389],{"class":937},[56,3628,3564],{"class":941},[56,3630,1394],{"class":937},[56,3632,3093],{"class":66},[56,3634,3635,3637,3639,3641,3643,3645],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,3636,63],{"class":62},[56,3638,67],{"class":66},[56,3640,3177],{"class":62},[56,3642,67],{"class":66},[56,3644,3581],{"class":237},[56,3646,83],{"class":66},[14,3648,130],{},[47,3650,3651],{"className":49,"code":3507,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,3652,3653],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3654,3655],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3656,3507],{"class":3316},[14,3658,3659,3660,3662],{},"The empty string ",[18,3661,3236],{}," is falsy.",[42,3664,3666,3667,3669],{"id":3665},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[18,3668,3034],{}," works with conditions",[14,3671,3672,3674],{},[18,3673,3034],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[14,3676,3677],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[14,3679,3680],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[47,3682,3684],{"className":49,"code":3683,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,3685,3686,3706,3734,3738],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3687,3688,3690,3692,3694,3696,3698,3700,3702,3704],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3689,3075],{"class":284},[56,3691,288],{"class":75},[56,3693,3080],{"class":66},[56,3695,1077],{"class":79},[56,3697,1080],{"class":66},[56,3699,1083],{"class":79},[56,3701,1080],{"class":66},[56,3703,529],{"class":79},[56,3705,3093],{"class":66},[56,3707,3708,3710,3712,3714,3716,3718,3721,3723,3725,3727,3729,3732],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,3709,299],{"class":284},[56,3711,288],{"class":75},[56,3713,3102],{"class":62},[56,3715,67],{"class":66},[56,3717,1116],{"class":237},[56,3719,3720],{"class":75},">",[56,3722,3297],{"class":79},[56,3724,3342],{"class":3341},[56,3726,3345],{"class":237},[56,3728,3348],{"class":3341},[56,3730,3731],{"class":237}," numbers",[56,3733,241],{"class":66},[56,3735,3736],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,3737,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,3739,3740,3742,3744,3746],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,3741,63],{"class":62},[56,3743,67],{"class":66},[56,3745,338],{"class":237},[56,3747,241],{"class":66},[14,3749,130],{},[47,3751,3752],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,3753,3754],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3755,3756],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3757,3446],{"class":3316},[14,3759,3760],{},"Here is one that fails:",[47,3762,3764],{"className":49,"code":3763,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,3765,3766,3788,3814,3818],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3767,3768,3770,3772,3774,3776,3778,3780,3782,3784,3786],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3769,3075],{"class":284},[56,3771,288],{"class":75},[56,3773,3080],{"class":66},[56,3775,1077],{"class":79},[56,3777,1080],{"class":66},[56,3779,291],{"class":75},[56,3781,115],{"class":79},[56,3783,1080],{"class":66},[56,3785,529],{"class":79},[56,3787,3093],{"class":66},[56,3789,3790,3792,3794,3796,3798,3800,3802,3804,3806,3808,3810,3812],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,3791,299],{"class":284},[56,3793,288],{"class":75},[56,3795,3102],{"class":62},[56,3797,67],{"class":66},[56,3799,1116],{"class":237},[56,3801,3720],{"class":75},[56,3803,3297],{"class":79},[56,3805,3342],{"class":3341},[56,3807,3345],{"class":237},[56,3809,3348],{"class":3341},[56,3811,3731],{"class":237},[56,3813,241],{"class":66},[56,3815,3816],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,3817,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,3819,3820,3822,3824,3826],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,3821,63],{"class":62},[56,3823,67],{"class":66},[56,3825,338],{"class":237},[56,3827,241],{"class":66},[14,3829,130],{},[47,3831,3832],{"className":49,"code":3507,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,3833,3834],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3835,3836],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3837,3507],{"class":3316},[14,3839,3840,3841,3844,3845,3847,3848,473,3850,497],{},"The expression ",[18,3842,3843],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[18,3846,3060],{},", then ",[18,3849,3034],{},[18,3851,3060],{},[14,3853,3854],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[14,3856,3857,3858,3862,3863,497],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[372,3859,3861],{"href":3860},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python"," and ",[372,3864,3866],{"href":3865},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[42,3868,3870],{"id":3869},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[14,3872,3873,473,3875,497],{},[18,3874,3057],{},[18,3876,3060],{},[14,3878,3879],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[14,3881,274],{},[47,3883,3885],{"className":49,"code":3884,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(all([]))\n",[18,3886,3887],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3888,3889,3891,3893,3895],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3890,63],{"class":62},[56,3892,67],{"class":66},[56,3894,3177],{"class":62},[56,3896,3897],{"class":66},"([]))\n",[14,3899,130],{},[47,3901,3902],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,3903,3904],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3905,3906],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3907,3446],{"class":3316},[14,3909,3910],{},"Why?",[14,3912,3913],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[14,3915,3916],{},"Think of it this way:",[26,3918,3919,3926,3929],{},[29,3920,3921,473,3923,3925],{},[18,3922,3034],{},[18,3924,3134],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[29,3927,3928],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[29,3930,3931,3932],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[18,3933,3134],{},[14,3935,3936],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[14,3938,3939],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[47,3941,3943],{"className":49,"code":3942,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[18,3944,3945,3956],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3946,3947,3949,3951,3953],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3948,63],{"class":62},[56,3950,67],{"class":66},[56,3952,3177],{"class":62},[56,3954,3955],{"class":66},"(()))\n",[56,3957,3958,3960,3962,3964,3966,3968],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,3959,63],{"class":62},[56,3961,67],{"class":66},[56,3963,3177],{"class":62},[56,3965,67],{"class":66},[56,3967,3236],{"class":937},[56,3969,83],{"class":66},[14,3971,130],{},[47,3973,3975],{"className":49,"code":3974,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\nTrue\n",[18,3976,3977,3981],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,3978,3979],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,3980,3446],{"class":3316},[56,3982,3983],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,3984,3446],{"class":3316},[42,3986,3988],{"id":3987},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[615,3990,3992],{"id":3991},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[14,3994,3995],{},"This is wrong:",[47,3997,3999],{"className":49,"code":3998,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[18,4000,4001,4006],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4002,4003],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4004,4005],{"class":3123},"# Wrong\n",[56,4007,4008],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,4009,4010],{"class":3123},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[14,4012,4013,4015],{},[18,4014,3034],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[14,4017,4018],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[47,4020,4022],{"className":49,"code":4021,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,4023,4024],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4025,4026,4028,4030,4032,4034,4036,4038,4040,4042,4044],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4027,63],{"class":62},[56,4029,67],{"class":66},[56,4031,3177],{"class":62},[56,4033,1074],{"class":66},[56,4035,1077],{"class":79},[56,4037,1080],{"class":66},[56,4039,1083],{"class":79},[56,4041,1080],{"class":66},[56,4043,529],{"class":79},[56,4045,1090],{"class":66},[615,4047,4049,4050,4052],{"id":4048},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[18,4051,3034],{}," compares values automatically",[14,4054,4055],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[47,4057,4059],{"className":49,"code":4058,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[18,4060,4061,4082],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4062,4063,4065,4067,4069,4071,4073,4076,4078,4080],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4064,3075],{"class":284},[56,4066,288],{"class":75},[56,4068,3080],{"class":66},[56,4070,198],{"class":79},[56,4072,1080],{"class":66},[56,4074,4075],{"class":79}," 5",[56,4077,1080],{"class":66},[56,4079,4075],{"class":79},[56,4081,3093],{"class":66},[56,4083,4084,4086,4088,4090,4092,4094],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,4085,63],{"class":62},[56,4087,67],{"class":66},[56,4089,3177],{"class":62},[56,4091,67],{"class":66},[56,4093,3107],{"class":237},[56,4095,83],{"class":66},[14,4097,4098,4099,4102],{},"This does ",[3205,4100,4101],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[14,4104,4105,4106,4108],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[18,4107,198],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[47,4110,4111],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,4112,4113],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4114,4115],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4116,3446],{"class":3316},[14,4118,4119],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[47,4121,4123],{"className":49,"code":4122,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[18,4124,4125,4145],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4126,4127,4129,4131,4133,4135,4137,4139,4141,4143],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4128,3075],{"class":284},[56,4130,288],{"class":75},[56,4132,3080],{"class":66},[56,4134,198],{"class":79},[56,4136,1080],{"class":66},[56,4138,4075],{"class":79},[56,4140,1080],{"class":66},[56,4142,4075],{"class":79},[56,4144,3093],{"class":66},[56,4146,4147,4149,4151,4153,4155,4157,4160,4162,4164,4166,4168,4170],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,4148,63],{"class":62},[56,4150,67],{"class":66},[56,4152,3177],{"class":62},[56,4154,67],{"class":66},[56,4156,1116],{"class":237},[56,4158,4159],{"class":75},"==",[56,4161,4075],{"class":79},[56,4163,3342],{"class":3341},[56,4165,3345],{"class":237},[56,4167,3348],{"class":3341},[56,4169,3731],{"class":237},[56,4171,83],{"class":66},[615,4173,4175,4176,4178],{"id":4174},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[18,4177,181],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[47,4180,4182],{"className":49,"code":4181,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[18,4183,4184,4210],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4185,4186,4188,4190,4192,4194,4196,4198,4200,4202,4204,4207],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4187,63],{"class":62},[56,4189,67],{"class":66},[56,4191,3177],{"class":62},[56,4193,1074],{"class":66},[56,4195,1077],{"class":79},[56,4197,1080],{"class":66},[56,4199,1083],{"class":79},[56,4201,1080],{"class":66},[56,4203,3297],{"class":79},[56,4205,4206],{"class":66},"]))",[56,4208,4209],{"class":3123},"       # False\n",[56,4211,4212,4214,4216,4218,4220,4222,4224,4226,4228,4230,4233,4235,4237,4239,4241],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,4213,63],{"class":62},[56,4215,67],{"class":66},[56,4217,3177],{"class":62},[56,4219,1074],{"class":66},[56,4221,1394],{"class":937},[56,4223,372],{"class":941},[56,4225,1394],{"class":937},[56,4227,1080],{"class":66},[56,4229,1389],{"class":937},[56,4231,4232],{"class":941},"b",[56,4234,1394],{"class":937},[56,4236,1080],{"class":66},[56,4238,3302],{"class":937},[56,4240,4206],{"class":66},[56,4242,4243],{"class":3123},"  # False\n",[14,4245,4246,4247,497],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[18,4248,3134],{},[615,4250,4252,4253,4255,4256],{"id":4251},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[18,4254,3057],{}," is ",[18,4257,3060],{},[14,4259,4260],{},"This is expected behavior:",[47,4262,4264],{"className":49,"code":4263,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[18,4265,4266],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4267,4268,4270,4272,4274,4277],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4269,63],{"class":62},[56,4271,67],{"class":66},[56,4273,3177],{"class":62},[56,4275,4276],{"class":66},"([]))",[56,4278,3124],{"class":3123},[14,4280,4281,4282,4284],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[18,4283,3060],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[14,4286,4287],{},"Useful quick tests:",[47,4289,4291],{"className":49,"code":4290,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[18,4292,4293,4315,4337,4384,4420],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4294,4295,4297,4299,4301,4303,4305,4307,4309,4311,4313],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4296,63],{"class":62},[56,4298,67],{"class":66},[56,4300,3177],{"class":62},[56,4302,1074],{"class":66},[56,4304,1077],{"class":79},[56,4306,1080],{"class":66},[56,4308,1083],{"class":79},[56,4310,1080],{"class":66},[56,4312,529],{"class":79},[56,4314,1090],{"class":66},[56,4316,4317,4319,4321,4323,4325,4327,4329,4331,4333,4335],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,4318,63],{"class":62},[56,4320,67],{"class":66},[56,4322,3177],{"class":62},[56,4324,1074],{"class":66},[56,4326,1077],{"class":79},[56,4328,1080],{"class":66},[56,4330,3297],{"class":79},[56,4332,1080],{"class":66},[56,4334,529],{"class":79},[56,4336,1090],{"class":66},[56,4338,4339,4341,4343,4345,4347,4349,4351,4353,4355,4357,4359,4361,4363,4365,4367,4369,4371,4373,4375,4377,4379,4381],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,4340,63],{"class":62},[56,4342,1074],{"class":66},[56,4344,3332],{"class":989},[56,4346,67],{"class":66},[56,4348,238],{"class":237},[56,4350,3120],{"class":66},[56,4352,3342],{"class":3341},[56,4354,3345],{"class":237},[56,4356,3348],{"class":3341},[56,4358,3080],{"class":66},[56,4360,1077],{"class":79},[56,4362,1080],{"class":66},[56,4364,3297],{"class":79},[56,4366,1080],{"class":66},[56,4368,3302],{"class":937},[56,4370,1080],{"class":66},[56,4372,1389],{"class":937},[56,4374,3309],{"class":941},[56,4376,1394],{"class":937},[56,4378,1080],{"class":66},[56,4380,3317],{"class":3316},[56,4382,4383],{"class":66},"]])\n",[56,4385,4386,4388,4390,4392,4394,4396,4398,4400,4402,4404,4406,4408,4410,4412,4414,4416,4418],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,4387,63],{"class":62},[56,4389,67],{"class":66},[56,4391,3177],{"class":62},[56,4393,67],{"class":66},[56,4395,1116],{"class":237},[56,4397,3720],{"class":75},[56,4399,3297],{"class":79},[56,4401,3342],{"class":3341},[56,4403,3345],{"class":237},[56,4405,3348],{"class":3341},[56,4407,3080],{"class":66},[56,4409,1077],{"class":79},[56,4411,1080],{"class":66},[56,4413,1083],{"class":79},[56,4415,1080],{"class":66},[56,4417,529],{"class":79},[56,4419,1090],{"class":66},[56,4421,4422,4424,4426,4428],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,4423,63],{"class":62},[56,4425,67],{"class":66},[56,4427,3177],{"class":62},[56,4429,3897],{"class":66},[42,4431,4433,4434],{"id":4432},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[18,4435,3034],{},[14,4437,4438,4440],{},[18,4439,3034],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[14,4442,4443],{},"Common use cases:",[26,4445,4446,4449,4452],{},[29,4447,4448],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[29,4450,4451],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[29,4453,4454],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[14,4456,4457],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[47,4459,4461],{"className":49,"code":4460,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[18,4462,4463,4499],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4464,4465,4468,4470,4472,4474,4477,4479,4481,4483,4486,4488,4490,4492,4495,4497],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4466,4467],{"class":284},"names ",[56,4469,288],{"class":75},[56,4471,3080],{"class":66},[56,4473,1394],{"class":937},[56,4475,4476],{"class":941},"Alice",[56,4478,1394],{"class":937},[56,4480,1080],{"class":66},[56,4482,1389],{"class":937},[56,4484,4485],{"class":941},"Bob",[56,4487,1394],{"class":937},[56,4489,1080],{"class":66},[56,4491,1389],{"class":937},[56,4493,4494],{"class":941},"Charlie",[56,4496,1394],{"class":937},[56,4498,3093],{"class":66},[56,4500,4501,4503,4505,4507,4509,4512],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,4502,63],{"class":62},[56,4504,67],{"class":66},[56,4506,3177],{"class":62},[56,4508,67],{"class":66},[56,4510,4511],{"class":237},"names",[56,4513,83],{"class":66},[14,4515,130],{},[47,4517,4518],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,4519,4520],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4521,4522],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4523,3446],{"class":3316},[14,4525,4526],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[47,4528,4530],{"className":49,"code":4529,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[18,4531,4532,4556],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4533,4534,4537,4539,4541,4544,4546,4549,4551,4554],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4535,4536],{"class":284},"scores ",[56,4538,288],{"class":75},[56,4540,3080],{"class":66},[56,4542,4543],{"class":79},"75",[56,4545,1080],{"class":66},[56,4547,4548],{"class":79}," 80",[56,4550,1080],{"class":66},[56,4552,4553],{"class":79}," 50",[56,4555,3093],{"class":66},[56,4557,4558,4560,4562,4564,4566,4569,4572,4574,4576,4579,4581,4584],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,4559,63],{"class":62},[56,4561,67],{"class":66},[56,4563,3177],{"class":62},[56,4565,67],{"class":66},[56,4567,4568],{"class":237},"score ",[56,4570,4571],{"class":75},">=",[56,4573,4553],{"class":79},[56,4575,3342],{"class":3341},[56,4577,4578],{"class":237}," score ",[56,4580,3348],{"class":3341},[56,4582,4583],{"class":237}," scores",[56,4585,83],{"class":66},[14,4587,130],{},[47,4589,4590],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,4591,4592],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4593,4594],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4595,3446],{"class":3316},[14,4597,4598],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[14,4600,4601,4602,3862,4606,497],{},"For related tasks, see ",[372,4603,4605],{"href":4604},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[372,4607,4609],{"href":4608},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[42,4611,1553],{"id":1552},[615,4613,4615,4616,4618],{"id":4614},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[18,4617,3034],{}," return in Python?",[14,4620,4621,4622,4624,4625,4627],{},"It returns ",[18,4623,3060],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[18,4626,3134],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[615,4629,4631,4632,4634,4635,571],{"id":4630},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[18,4633,3057],{}," return ",[18,4636,3060],{},[14,4638,4639],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[615,4641,4643,4644,4646],{"id":4642},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[18,4645,3034],{}," take multiple values directly?",[14,4648,4649],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[615,4651,4653,4654,3862,4656,571],{"id":4652},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[18,4655,3034],{},[18,4657,4658],{},"any()",[14,4660,4661,4663,4664,4666,4667,497],{},[18,4662,3034],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[18,4665,4658],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[372,4668,3031,4670,1610],{"href":4669},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[18,4671,4658],{},[42,4673,1601],{"id":1600},[26,4675,4676,4682,4686,4691,4696,4701],{},[29,4677,4678],{},[372,4679,3031,4680,1610],{"href":4669},[18,4681,4658],{},[29,4683,4684],{},[372,4685,3270],{"href":3269},[29,4687,4688],{},[372,4689,4690],{"href":4608},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[29,4692,4693],{},[372,4694,4695],{"href":4604},"How to filter a list in Python",[29,4697,4698],{},[372,4699,4700],{"href":3860},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[29,4702,4703],{},[372,4704,4705],{"href":3865},"What is an iterable in Python",[1633,4707,4708],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":4710},[4711,4712,4714,4715,4720,4722,4723,4732,4734,4744],{"id":3064,"depth":86,"text":3065},{"id":3137,"depth":86,"text":4713},"What all() does",{"id":3190,"depth":86,"text":3191},{"id":3397,"depth":86,"text":3398,"children":4716},[4717,4718,4719],{"id":3401,"depth":102,"text":3402},{"id":3462,"depth":102,"text":3463},{"id":3526,"depth":102,"text":3527},{"id":3665,"depth":86,"text":4721},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":3869,"depth":86,"text":3870},{"id":3987,"depth":86,"text":3988,"children":4724},[4725,4726,4728,4730],{"id":3991,"depth":102,"text":3992},{"id":4048,"depth":102,"text":4727},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4174,"depth":102,"text":4729},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4251,"depth":102,"text":4731},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4432,"depth":86,"text":4733},"When to use all()",{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":4735},[4736,4738,4740,4742],{"id":4614,"depth":102,"text":4737},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":4630,"depth":102,"text":4739},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":4642,"depth":102,"text":4741},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":4652,"depth":102,"text":4743},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3025,"description":4745},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":4752,"title":4753,"body":4754,"description":6447,"extension":1665,"meta":6448,"navigation":316,"path":4669,"seo":6449,"stem":6450,"__hash__":6451},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4755,"toc":6425},[4756,4759,4767,4770,4787,4795,4839,4848,4852,4857,4860,4877,4880,4891,4903,4907,4910,4925,4930,4933,4945,4948,5033,5036,5057,5063,5065,5073,5087,5089,5123,5125,5128,5189,5191,5208,5211,5238,5240,5248,5260,5264,5267,5306,5308,5316,5318,5334,5342,5345,5388,5390,5398,5403,5407,5415,5418,5445,5448,5451,5525,5527,5535,5542,5566,5577,5580,5659,5661,5669,5676,5680,5685,5700,5702,5710,5713,5719,5722,5768,5770,5787,5791,5796,5807,5810,5925,5928,5987,5993,5995,6000,6004,6006,6025,6031,6034,6053,6057,6066,6093,6095,6103,6111,6115,6121,6144,6146,6154,6161,6165,6168,6219,6222,6273,6276,6278,6282,6289,6293,6300,6304,6312,6316,6319,6341,6343,6393,6395,6422],[10,4757,4753],{"id":4758},"python-any-function-explained",[14,4760,4761,4763,4764,497],{},[18,4762,4658],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[3205,4765,4766],{},"at least one item is truthy",[14,4768,4769],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[26,4771,4772,4775,4778,4781,4784],{},[29,4773,4774],{},"lists",[29,4776,4777],{},"tuples",[29,4779,4780],{},"sets",[29,4782,4783],{},"strings",[29,4785,4786],{},"generator expressions",[14,4788,4789,4790,964,4792,4794],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[18,4791,3060],{},[18,4793,3134],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[47,4796,4798],{"className":49,"code":4797,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[18,4799,4800,4820],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4801,4802,4804,4806,4808,4810,4812,4814,4816,4818],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4803,3286],{"class":284},[56,4805,288],{"class":75},[56,4807,3080],{"class":66},[56,4809,181],{"class":79},[56,4811,1080],{"class":66},[56,4813,3302],{"class":937},[56,4815,1080],{"class":66},[56,4817,4075],{"class":79},[56,4819,3093],{"class":66},[56,4821,4822,4824,4826,4829,4831,4834,4837],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,4823,63],{"class":62},[56,4825,67],{"class":66},[56,4827,4828],{"class":62},"any",[56,4830,67],{"class":66},[56,4832,4833],{"class":237},"values",[56,4835,4836],{"class":66},"))",[56,4838,3124],{"class":3123},[14,4840,153,4841,4844,4845,4847],{},[18,4842,4843],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[18,4846,3060],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[42,4849,4851],{"id":4850},"what-any-does","What any() does",[14,4853,4854,4856],{},[18,4855,4658],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[14,4858,4859],{},"It returns:",[26,4861,4862,4867,4872],{},[29,4863,4864,4866],{},[18,4865,3060],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[29,4868,4869,4871],{},[18,4870,3134],{}," if all items are falsy",[29,4873,4874,4876],{},[18,4875,3134],{}," if the iterable is empty",[14,4878,4879],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[26,4881,4882,4885,4888],{},[29,4883,4884],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[29,4886,4887],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[29,4889,4890],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[14,4892,4893,4894,4897,4898,497],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[3205,4895,4896],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[372,4899,4901],{"href":4900},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[18,4902,3034],{},[42,4904,4906],{"id":4905},"syntax","Syntax",[14,4908,4909],{},"The syntax is simple:",[47,4911,4913],{"className":49,"code":4912,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"any(iterable)\n",[18,4914,4915],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4916,4917,4919,4921,4923],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4918,4828],{"class":62},[56,4920,67],{"class":66},[56,4922,3182],{"class":237},[56,4924,241],{"class":66},[14,4926,4927,4928,497],{},"The argument must be an ",[3205,4929,3182],{},[14,4931,4932],{},"Common inputs include:",[26,4934,4935,4937,4939,4941,4943],{},[29,4936,4774],{},[29,4938,4777],{},[29,4940,4780],{},[29,4942,4783],{},[29,4944,4786],{},[14,4946,4947],{},"For example:",[47,4949,4951],{"className":49,"code":4950,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[18,4952,4953,4976,4995,5015],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,4954,4955,4957,4959,4961,4963,4965,4967,4969,4971,4974],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,4956,63],{"class":62},[56,4958,67],{"class":66},[56,4960,4828],{"class":62},[56,4962,1074],{"class":66},[56,4964,181],{"class":79},[56,4966,1080],{"class":66},[56,4968,3297],{"class":79},[56,4970,1080],{"class":66},[56,4972,4973],{"class":79}," 1",[56,4975,1090],{"class":66},[56,4977,4978,4980,4982,4984,4987,4989,4991,4993],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,4979,63],{"class":62},[56,4981,67],{"class":66},[56,4983,4828],{"class":62},[56,4985,4986],{"class":66},"((",[56,4988,3134],{"class":3316},[56,4990,1080],{"class":66},[56,4992,3373],{"class":3316},[56,4994,1000],{"class":66},[56,4996,4997,4999,5001,5003,5006,5008,5010,5012],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,4998,63],{"class":62},[56,5000,67],{"class":66},[56,5002,4828],{"class":62},[56,5004,5005],{"class":66},"({",[56,5007,181],{"class":79},[56,5009,1080],{"class":66},[56,5011,1083],{"class":79},[56,5013,5014],{"class":66},"}))\n",[56,5016,5017,5019,5021,5023,5025,5027,5029,5031],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,5018,63],{"class":62},[56,5020,67],{"class":66},[56,5022,4828],{"class":62},[56,5024,67],{"class":66},[56,5026,938],{"class":937},[56,5028,3309],{"class":941},[56,5030,938],{"class":937},[56,5032,83],{"class":66},[14,5034,5035],{},"Expected output:",[47,5037,5039],{"className":49,"code":5038,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,5040,5041,5045,5049,5053],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5042,5043],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5044,3446],{"class":3316},[56,5046,5047],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,5048,3507],{"class":3316},[56,5050,5051],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,5052,3446],{"class":3316},[56,5054,5055],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,5056,3446],{"class":3316},[14,5058,5059,5060,497],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[372,5061,4609],{"href":5062},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[42,5064,3191],{"id":3190},[14,5066,3194,5067,964,5070,3199],{},[3205,5068,5069],{},"truthy",[3205,5071,5072],{},"falsy",[26,5074,5075,5081],{},[29,5076,5077,3208,5079],{},[3205,5078,3207],{},[18,5080,3060],{},[29,5082,5083,3208,5085],{},[3205,5084,3215],{},[18,5086,3134],{},[14,5088,3220],{},[26,5090,5091,5095,5099,5103,5107,5111,5115,5119],{},[29,5092,5093],{},[18,5094,3134],{},[29,5096,5097],{},[18,5098,181],{},[29,5100,5101],{},[18,5102,3231],{},[29,5104,5105],{},[18,5106,3236],{},[29,5108,5109],{},[18,5110,3250],{},[29,5112,5113],{},[18,5114,3255],{},[29,5116,5117],{},[18,5118,3260],{},[29,5120,5121],{},[18,5122,3241],{},[14,5124,3263],{},[14,5126,5127],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[47,5129,5131],{"className":49,"code":5130,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[18,5132,5133,5147,5165],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5134,5135,5137,5139,5141,5143,5145],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5136,63],{"class":62},[56,5138,67],{"class":66},[56,5140,4828],{"class":62},[56,5142,1074],{"class":66},[56,5144,1077],{"class":79},[56,5146,1090],{"class":66},[56,5148,5149,5151,5153,5155,5157,5159,5161,5163],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,5150,63],{"class":62},[56,5152,67],{"class":66},[56,5154,4828],{"class":62},[56,5156,1074],{"class":66},[56,5158,1394],{"class":937},[56,5160,3309],{"class":941},[56,5162,1394],{"class":937},[56,5164,1090],{"class":66},[56,5166,5167,5169,5171,5173,5176,5178,5180,5182,5184,5186],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,5168,63],{"class":62},[56,5170,67],{"class":66},[56,5172,4828],{"class":62},[56,5174,5175],{"class":66},"([[",[56,5177,1077],{"class":79},[56,5179,1080],{"class":66},[56,5181,1083],{"class":79},[56,5183,1080],{"class":66},[56,5185,529],{"class":79},[56,5187,5188],{"class":66},"]]))\n",[14,5190,5035],{},[47,5192,5194],{"className":49,"code":5193,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,5195,5196,5200,5204],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5197,5198],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5199,3446],{"class":3316},[56,5201,5202],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,5203,3446],{"class":3316},[56,5205,5206],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,5207,3446],{"class":3316},[14,5209,5210],{},"And these are all falsy:",[47,5212,5214],{"className":49,"code":5213,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[18,5215,5216],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5217,5218,5220,5222,5224,5226,5228,5230,5232,5234,5236],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5219,63],{"class":62},[56,5221,67],{"class":66},[56,5223,4828],{"class":62},[56,5225,1074],{"class":66},[56,5227,181],{"class":79},[56,5229,1080],{"class":66},[56,5231,3302],{"class":937},[56,5233,1080],{"class":66},[56,5235,3317],{"class":3316},[56,5237,1090],{"class":66},[14,5239,5035],{},[47,5241,5242],{"className":49,"code":3507,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,5243,5244],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5245,5246],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5247,3507],{"class":3316},[14,5249,5250,5251,3862,5254,497],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[372,5252,3270],{"href":5253},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[372,5255,5257,5259],{"href":5256},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[18,5258,3276],{}," explained",[42,5261,5263],{"id":5262},"basic-example","Basic example",[14,5265,5266],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[47,5268,5270],{"className":49,"code":5269,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[18,5271,5272,5292],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5273,5274,5276,5278,5280,5282,5284,5286,5288,5290],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5275,3286],{"class":284},[56,5277,288],{"class":75},[56,5279,3080],{"class":66},[56,5281,181],{"class":79},[56,5283,1080],{"class":66},[56,5285,3302],{"class":937},[56,5287,1080],{"class":66},[56,5289,4075],{"class":79},[56,5291,3093],{"class":66},[56,5293,5294,5296,5298,5300,5302,5304],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,5295,63],{"class":62},[56,5297,67],{"class":66},[56,5299,4828],{"class":62},[56,5301,67],{"class":66},[56,5303,4833],{"class":237},[56,5305,83],{"class":66},[14,5307,130],{},[47,5309,5310],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,5311,5312],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5313,5314],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5315,3446],{"class":3316},[14,5317,3910],{},[26,5319,5320,5325,5329],{},[29,5321,5322,5324],{},[18,5323,181],{}," is falsy",[29,5326,5327,5324],{},[18,5328,3236],{},[29,5330,5331,5333],{},[18,5332,198],{}," is truthy",[14,5335,5336,5337,473,5340,497],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[18,5338,5339],{},"any(values)",[18,5341,3060],{},[14,5343,5344],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[47,5346,5348],{"className":49,"code":5347,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[18,5349,5350,5374],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5351,5352,5354,5356,5358,5360,5362,5364,5366,5368,5370,5372],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5353,3286],{"class":284},[56,5355,288],{"class":75},[56,5357,3080],{"class":66},[56,5359,181],{"class":79},[56,5361,1080],{"class":66},[56,5363,3302],{"class":937},[56,5365,1080],{"class":66},[56,5367,3317],{"class":3316},[56,5369,1080],{"class":66},[56,5371,3373],{"class":3316},[56,5373,3093],{"class":66},[56,5375,5376,5378,5380,5382,5384,5386],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,5377,63],{"class":62},[56,5379,67],{"class":66},[56,5381,4828],{"class":62},[56,5383,67],{"class":66},[56,5385,4833],{"class":237},[56,5387,83],{"class":66},[14,5389,130],{},[47,5391,5392],{"className":49,"code":3507,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,5393,5394],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5395,5396],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5397,3507],{"class":3316},[14,5399,5400,5401,497],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[18,5402,3134],{},[42,5404,5406],{"id":5405},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[14,5408,5409,5411,5412,497],{},[18,5410,4658],{}," is often used with a ",[3205,5413,5414],{},"generator expression",[14,5416,5417],{},"This is a common pattern:",[47,5419,5421],{"className":49,"code":5420,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[18,5422,5423],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5424,5425,5427,5429,5432,5435,5438,5440,5443],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5426,4828],{"class":62},[56,5428,67],{"class":66},[56,5430,5431],{"class":237},"condition ",[56,5433,5434],{"class":3341},"for",[56,5436,5437],{"class":237}," item ",[56,5439,3348],{"class":3341},[56,5441,5442],{"class":237}," items",[56,5444,241],{"class":66},[14,5446,5447],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[14,5449,5450],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[47,5452,5454],{"className":49,"code":5453,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,5455,5456,5484,5488,5515],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5457,5458,5460,5462,5464,5466,5468,5471,5473,5475,5477,5479,5482],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5459,3075],{"class":284},[56,5461,288],{"class":75},[56,5463,3080],{"class":66},[56,5465,584],{"class":79},[56,5467,1080],{"class":66},[56,5469,5470],{"class":79}," 7",[56,5472,1080],{"class":66},[56,5474,291],{"class":75},[56,5476,115],{"class":79},[56,5478,1080],{"class":66},[56,5480,5481],{"class":79}," 10",[56,5483,3093],{"class":66},[56,5485,5486],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,5487,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,5489,5490,5492,5494,5497,5499,5501,5503,5505,5507,5509,5511,5513],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,5491,299],{"class":284},[56,5493,288],{"class":75},[56,5495,5496],{"class":62}," any",[56,5498,67],{"class":66},[56,5500,1116],{"class":237},[56,5502,1383],{"class":75},[56,5504,3297],{"class":79},[56,5506,3342],{"class":3341},[56,5508,3345],{"class":237},[56,5510,3348],{"class":3341},[56,5512,3731],{"class":237},[56,5514,241],{"class":66},[56,5516,5517,5519,5521,5523],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,5518,63],{"class":62},[56,5520,67],{"class":66},[56,5522,338],{"class":237},[56,5524,241],{"class":66},[14,5526,130],{},[47,5528,5529],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,5530,5531],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5532,5533],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5534,3446],{"class":3316},[14,5536,5537,5538,5541],{},"This works because ",[18,5539,5540],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[26,5543,5544,5552,5559],{},[29,5545,5546,5549,5550],{},[18,5547,5548],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[18,5551,3134],{},[29,5553,5554,5549,5557],{},[18,5555,5556],{},"7 \u003C 0",[18,5558,3134],{},[29,5560,5561,5549,5564],{},[18,5562,5563],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[18,5565,3060],{},[14,5567,5568,5569,5571,5572,5574,5575,497],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[18,5570,3060],{}," result, ",[18,5573,4658],{}," can return ",[18,5576,3060],{},[14,5578,5579],{},"Here is another example:",[47,5581,5583],{"className":49,"code":5582,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[18,5584,5585,5614,5618,5648],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5586,5587,5589,5591,5593,5595,5597,5599,5601,5604,5606,5608,5610,5612],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5588,3537],{"class":284},[56,5590,288],{"class":75},[56,5592,3080],{"class":66},[56,5594,938],{"class":937},[56,5596,3546],{"class":941},[56,5598,938],{"class":937},[56,5600,1080],{"class":66},[56,5602,5603],{"class":937}," \"\"",[56,5605,1080],{"class":66},[56,5607,1448],{"class":937},[56,5609,3555],{"class":941},[56,5611,938],{"class":937},[56,5613,3093],{"class":66},[56,5615,5616],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,5617,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,5619,5620,5623,5625,5627,5629,5632,5634,5636,5638,5641,5643,5646],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,5621,5622],{"class":284},"has_empty_string ",[56,5624,288],{"class":75},[56,5626,5496],{"class":62},[56,5628,67],{"class":66},[56,5630,5631],{"class":237},"word ",[56,5633,4159],{"class":75},[56,5635,5603],{"class":937},[56,5637,3342],{"class":3341},[56,5639,5640],{"class":237}," word ",[56,5642,3348],{"class":3341},[56,5644,5645],{"class":237}," words",[56,5647,241],{"class":66},[56,5649,5650,5652,5654,5657],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,5651,63],{"class":62},[56,5653,67],{"class":66},[56,5655,5656],{"class":237},"has_empty_string",[56,5658,241],{"class":66},[14,5660,130],{},[47,5662,5663],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,5664,5665],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5666,5667],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5668,3446],{"class":3316},[14,5670,5671,5672,497],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[372,5673,5675],{"href":5674},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[42,5677,5679],{"id":5678},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[14,5681,5682,5683,971],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[18,5684,3134],{},[47,5686,5688],{"className":49,"code":5687,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(any([]))\n",[18,5689,5690],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5691,5692,5694,5696,5698],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5693,63],{"class":62},[56,5695,67],{"class":66},[56,5697,4828],{"class":62},[56,5699,3897],{"class":66},[14,5701,130],{},[47,5703,5704],{"className":49,"code":3507,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,5705,5706],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5707,5708],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5709,3507],{"class":3316},[14,5711,5712],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[14,5714,5715,5716,5718],{},"The reason is simple: ",[18,5717,4658],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[14,5720,5721],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[47,5723,5725],{"className":49,"code":5724,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[18,5726,5727,5737,5752],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5728,5729,5731,5733,5735],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5730,63],{"class":62},[56,5732,67],{"class":66},[56,5734,4828],{"class":62},[56,5736,3955],{"class":66},[56,5738,5739,5741,5743,5745,5747,5750],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,5740,63],{"class":62},[56,5742,67],{"class":66},[56,5744,4828],{"class":62},[56,5746,67],{"class":66},[56,5748,5749],{"class":937},"\"\"",[56,5751,83],{"class":66},[56,5753,5754,5756,5758,5760,5762,5765],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,5755,63],{"class":62},[56,5757,67],{"class":66},[56,5759,4828],{"class":62},[56,5761,67],{"class":66},[56,5763,5764],{"class":989},"set",[56,5766,5767],{"class":66},"()))\n",[14,5769,130],{},[47,5771,5773],{"className":49,"code":5772,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[18,5774,5775,5779,5783],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5776,5777],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5778,3507],{"class":3316},[56,5780,5781],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,5782,3507],{"class":3316},[56,5784,5785],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,5786,3507],{"class":3316},[42,5788,5790],{"id":5789},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[14,5792,153,5793,5795],{},[18,5794,4658],{}," when you want to:",[26,5797,5798,5801,5804],{},[29,5799,5800],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[29,5802,5803],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[29,5805,5806],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[14,5808,5809],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[47,5811,5813],{"className":49,"code":5812,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[18,5814,5815,5840,5844,5854,5858,5872,5891,5902,5908,5913],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5816,5817,5819,5821,5823,5825,5827,5829,5831,5833,5835,5838],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5818,3075],{"class":284},[56,5820,288],{"class":75},[56,5822,3080],{"class":66},[56,5824,1077],{"class":79},[56,5826,1080],{"class":66},[56,5828,529],{"class":79},[56,5830,1080],{"class":66},[56,5832,4075],{"class":79},[56,5834,1080],{"class":66},[56,5836,5837],{"class":79}," 8",[56,5839,3093],{"class":66},[56,5841,5842],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,5843,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,5845,5846,5849,5851],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,5847,5848],{"class":284},"found_even ",[56,5850,288],{"class":75},[56,5852,5853],{"class":3316}," False\n",[56,5855,5856],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,5857,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,5859,5860,5862,5865,5867,5869],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,5861,5434],{"class":3341},[56,5863,5864],{"class":284}," number ",[56,5866,3348],{"class":3341},[56,5868,3731],{"class":284},[56,5870,5871],{"class":66},":\n",[56,5873,5874,5877,5879,5882,5884,5887,5889],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,5875,5876],{"class":3341},"    if",[56,5878,5864],{"class":284},[56,5880,5881],{"class":75},"%",[56,5883,1083],{"class":79},[56,5885,5886],{"class":75}," ==",[56,5888,3297],{"class":79},[56,5890,5871],{"class":66},[56,5892,5894,5897,5899],{"class":58,"line":5893},7,[56,5895,5896],{"class":284},"        found_even ",[56,5898,288],{"class":75},[56,5900,5901],{"class":3316}," True\n",[56,5903,5905],{"class":58,"line":5904},8,[56,5906,5907],{"class":3341},"        break\n",[56,5909,5911],{"class":58,"line":5910},9,[56,5912,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,5914,5916,5918,5920,5923],{"class":58,"line":5915},10,[56,5917,63],{"class":62},[56,5919,67],{"class":66},[56,5921,5922],{"class":237},"found_even",[56,5924,241],{"class":66},[14,5926,5927],{},"You can write:",[47,5929,5931],{"className":49,"code":5930,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[18,5932,5933,5957],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,5934,5935,5937,5939,5941,5943,5945,5947,5949,5951,5953,5955],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,5936,3075],{"class":284},[56,5938,288],{"class":75},[56,5940,3080],{"class":66},[56,5942,1077],{"class":79},[56,5944,1080],{"class":66},[56,5946,529],{"class":79},[56,5948,1080],{"class":66},[56,5950,4075],{"class":79},[56,5952,1080],{"class":66},[56,5954,5837],{"class":79},[56,5956,3093],{"class":66},[56,5958,5959,5961,5963,5965,5967,5969,5971,5973,5975,5977,5979,5981,5983,5985],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,5960,63],{"class":62},[56,5962,67],{"class":66},[56,5964,4828],{"class":62},[56,5966,67],{"class":66},[56,5968,285],{"class":237},[56,5970,5881],{"class":75},[56,5972,1083],{"class":79},[56,5974,5886],{"class":75},[56,5976,3297],{"class":79},[56,5978,3342],{"class":3341},[56,5980,5864],{"class":237},[56,5982,3348],{"class":3341},[56,5984,3731],{"class":237},[56,5986,83],{"class":66},[14,5988,5989,5990,5992],{},"Both work, but ",[18,5991,4658],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[42,5994,3988],{"id":3987},[14,5996,5997,5998,497],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[18,5999,4658],{},[615,6001,6003],{"id":6002},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[14,6005,3995],{},[47,6007,6009],{"className":49,"code":6008,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(any(5))\n",[18,6010,6011],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6012,6013,6015,6017,6019,6021,6023],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6014,63],{"class":62},[56,6016,67],{"class":66},[56,6018,4828],{"class":62},[56,6020,67],{"class":66},[56,6022,198],{"class":79},[56,6024,83],{"class":66},[14,6026,6027,6028,6030],{},"It causes an error because ",[18,6029,198],{}," is not iterable.",[14,6032,6033],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[47,6035,6037],{"className":49,"code":6036,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(any([5]))\n",[18,6038,6039],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6040,6041,6043,6045,6047,6049,6051],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6042,63],{"class":62},[56,6044,67],{"class":66},[56,6046,4828],{"class":62},[56,6048,1074],{"class":66},[56,6050,198],{"class":79},[56,6052,1090],{"class":66},[615,6054,6056],{"id":6055},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[14,6058,6059,6061,6062,6065],{},[18,6060,4658],{}," needs only ",[3205,6063,6064],{},"one"," truthy item.",[47,6067,6069],{"className":49,"code":6068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[18,6070,6071],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6072,6073,6075,6077,6079,6081,6083,6085,6087,6089,6091],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6074,63],{"class":62},[56,6076,67],{"class":66},[56,6078,4828],{"class":62},[56,6080,1074],{"class":66},[56,6082,3134],{"class":3316},[56,6084,1080],{"class":66},[56,6086,3373],{"class":3316},[56,6088,1080],{"class":66},[56,6090,3382],{"class":3316},[56,6092,1090],{"class":66},[14,6094,130],{},[47,6096,6097],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,6098,6099],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6100,6101],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6102,3446],{"class":3316},[14,6104,6105,6106,6110],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[372,6107,6108],{"href":4900},[18,6109,3034],{}," instead.",[615,6112,6114],{"id":6113},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[14,6116,6117,6118,497],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[18,6119,6120],{},"\"True\"",[47,6122,6124],{"className":49,"code":6123,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[18,6125,6126],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6127,6128,6130,6132,6134,6136,6138,6140,6142],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6129,63],{"class":62},[56,6131,67],{"class":66},[56,6133,4828],{"class":62},[56,6135,1074],{"class":66},[56,6137,938],{"class":937},[56,6139,3134],{"class":941},[56,6141,938],{"class":937},[56,6143,1090],{"class":66},[14,6145,130],{},[47,6147,6148],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,6149,6150],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6151,6152],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6153,3446],{"class":3316},[14,6155,6156,6157,6160],{},"That is because ",[18,6158,6159],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[615,6162,6164],{"id":6163},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[14,6166,6167],{},"This works:",[47,6169,6171],{"className":49,"code":6170,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[18,6172,6173,6193],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6174,6175,6177,6179,6181,6183,6185,6187,6189,6191],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6176,3075],{"class":284},[56,6178,288],{"class":75},[56,6180,3080],{"class":66},[56,6182,1077],{"class":79},[56,6184,1080],{"class":66},[56,6186,1083],{"class":79},[56,6188,1080],{"class":66},[56,6190,529],{"class":79},[56,6192,3093],{"class":66},[56,6194,6195,6197,6199,6201,6203,6205,6207,6209,6211,6213,6215,6217],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,6196,63],{"class":62},[56,6198,67],{"class":66},[56,6200,4828],{"class":62},[56,6202,1074],{"class":66},[56,6204,1116],{"class":237},[56,6206,3720],{"class":75},[56,6208,1083],{"class":79},[56,6210,3342],{"class":3341},[56,6212,3345],{"class":237},[56,6214,3348],{"class":3341},[56,6216,3731],{"class":237},[56,6218,1090],{"class":66},[14,6220,6221],{},"But this is usually better:",[47,6223,6225],{"className":49,"code":6224,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[18,6226,6227,6247],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6228,6229,6231,6233,6235,6237,6239,6241,6243,6245],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6230,3075],{"class":284},[56,6232,288],{"class":75},[56,6234,3080],{"class":66},[56,6236,1077],{"class":79},[56,6238,1080],{"class":66},[56,6240,1083],{"class":79},[56,6242,1080],{"class":66},[56,6244,529],{"class":79},[56,6246,3093],{"class":66},[56,6248,6249,6251,6253,6255,6257,6259,6261,6263,6265,6267,6269,6271],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,6250,63],{"class":62},[56,6252,67],{"class":66},[56,6254,4828],{"class":62},[56,6256,67],{"class":66},[56,6258,1116],{"class":237},[56,6260,3720],{"class":75},[56,6262,1083],{"class":79},[56,6264,3342],{"class":3341},[56,6266,3345],{"class":237},[56,6268,3348],{"class":3341},[56,6270,3731],{"class":237},[56,6272,83],{"class":66},[14,6274,6275],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[42,6277,1553],{"id":1552},[615,6279,6281],{"id":6280},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[14,6283,4621,6284,6286,6287,497],{},[18,6285,3060],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[18,6288,3134],{},[615,6290,6292],{"id":6291},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[14,6294,6295,473,6297,6299],{},[18,6296,4658],{},[18,6298,3134],{}," for an empty iterable.",[615,6301,6303],{"id":6302},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[14,6305,6306,6308,6309,6311],{},[18,6307,4658],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[18,6310,3034],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[615,6313,6315],{"id":6314},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[14,6317,6318],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[47,6320,6321],{"className":49,"code":5420,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,6322,6323],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6324,6325,6327,6329,6331,6333,6335,6337,6339],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6326,4828],{"class":62},[56,6328,67],{"class":66},[56,6330,5431],{"class":237},[56,6332,5434],{"class":3341},[56,6334,5437],{"class":237},[56,6336,3348],{"class":3341},[56,6338,5442],{"class":237},[56,6340,241],{"class":66},[14,6342,4947],{},[47,6344,6345],{"className":49,"code":6224,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,6346,6347,6367],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6348,6349,6351,6353,6355,6357,6359,6361,6363,6365],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6350,3075],{"class":284},[56,6352,288],{"class":75},[56,6354,3080],{"class":66},[56,6356,1077],{"class":79},[56,6358,1080],{"class":66},[56,6360,1083],{"class":79},[56,6362,1080],{"class":66},[56,6364,529],{"class":79},[56,6366,3093],{"class":66},[56,6368,6369,6371,6373,6375,6377,6379,6381,6383,6385,6387,6389,6391],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,6370,63],{"class":62},[56,6372,67],{"class":66},[56,6374,4828],{"class":62},[56,6376,67],{"class":66},[56,6378,1116],{"class":237},[56,6380,3720],{"class":75},[56,6382,1083],{"class":79},[56,6384,3342],{"class":3341},[56,6386,3345],{"class":237},[56,6388,3348],{"class":3341},[56,6390,3731],{"class":237},[56,6392,83],{"class":66},[42,6394,1601],{"id":1600},[26,6396,6397,6403,6407,6411,6416],{},[29,6398,6399],{},[372,6400,6401,1610],{"href":4900},[18,6402,3034],{},[29,6404,6405],{},[372,6406,3270],{"href":5253},[29,6408,6409],{},[372,6410,4690],{"href":5062},[29,6412,6413],{},[372,6414,6415],{"href":5674},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[29,6417,6418],{},[372,6419,6420,1610],{"href":5256},[18,6421,3276],{},[1633,6423,6424],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":6426},[6427,6428,6429,6430,6431,6432,6433,6434,6440,6446],{"id":4850,"depth":86,"text":4851},{"id":4905,"depth":86,"text":4906},{"id":3190,"depth":86,"text":3191},{"id":5262,"depth":86,"text":5263},{"id":5405,"depth":86,"text":5406},{"id":5678,"depth":86,"text":5679},{"id":5789,"depth":86,"text":5790},{"id":3987,"depth":86,"text":3988,"children":6435},[6436,6437,6438,6439],{"id":6002,"depth":102,"text":6003},{"id":6055,"depth":102,"text":6056},{"id":6113,"depth":102,"text":6114},{"id":6163,"depth":102,"text":6164},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":6441},[6442,6443,6444,6445],{"id":6280,"depth":102,"text":6281},{"id":6291,"depth":102,"text":6292},{"id":6302,"depth":102,"text":6303},{"id":6314,"depth":102,"text":6315},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":4753,"description":6447},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6453,"title":6454,"body":6455,"description":8591,"extension":1665,"meta":8592,"navigation":316,"path":8593,"seo":8594,"stem":8595,"__hash__":8596},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6456,"toc":8554},[6457,6460,6469,6479,6481,6578,6580,6609,6625,6629,6634,6637,6647,6653,6659,6675,6677,6685,6692,6696,6699,6714,6719,6737,6742,6744,6792,6794,6811,6815,6821,6824,6859,6861,6967,6969,7006,7010,7018,7020,7040,7042,7163,7165,7194,7197,7220,7222,7230,7238,7242,7248,7252,7295,7297,7305,7308,7336,7338,7346,7350,7379,7381,7389,7421,7423,7431,7435,7486,7488,7496,7504,7508,7511,7564,7566,7587,7594,7598,7604,7607,7615,7637,7639,7647,7655,7678,7680,7688,7693,7698,7710,7712,7753,7764,7768,7777,7780,7783,7842,7845,7897,7900,7906,7922,7928,7930,7935,7944,7947,7969,7971,7979,7984,7987,8022,8024,8032,8036,8041,8079,8091,8094,8149,8157,8161,8164,8186,8195,8198,8239,8241,8264,8270,8276,8291,8293,8313,8316,8335,8337,8356,8360,8366,8445,8448,8462,8469,8471,8475,8482,8486,8490,8494,8499,8503,8508,8512,8519,8521,8551],[10,6458,6454],{"id":6459},"python-bool-function-explained",[14,6461,16,6462,6464,6465,964,6467,497],{},[18,6463,3276],{}," function converts a value to either ",[18,6466,3060],{},[18,6468,3134],{},[14,6470,6471,6472,6474,6475,6478],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[18,6473,3276],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[18,6476,6477],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[42,6480,3065],{"id":3064},[47,6482,6484],{"className":49,"code":6483,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,6485,6486,6500,6514,6528,6546,6556],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6487,6488,6490,6492,6494,6496,6498],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6489,63],{"class":62},[56,6491,67],{"class":66},[56,6493,3332],{"class":989},[56,6495,67],{"class":66},[56,6497,181],{"class":79},[56,6499,83],{"class":66},[56,6501,6502,6504,6506,6508,6510,6512],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,6503,63],{"class":62},[56,6505,67],{"class":66},[56,6507,3332],{"class":989},[56,6509,67],{"class":66},[56,6511,1077],{"class":79},[56,6513,83],{"class":66},[56,6515,6516,6518,6520,6522,6524,6526],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,6517,63],{"class":62},[56,6519,67],{"class":66},[56,6521,3332],{"class":989},[56,6523,67],{"class":66},[56,6525,5749],{"class":937},[56,6527,83],{"class":66},[56,6529,6530,6532,6534,6536,6538,6540,6542,6544],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,6531,63],{"class":62},[56,6533,67],{"class":66},[56,6535,3332],{"class":989},[56,6537,67],{"class":66},[56,6539,938],{"class":937},[56,6541,3309],{"class":941},[56,6543,938],{"class":937},[56,6545,83],{"class":66},[56,6547,6548,6550,6552,6554],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,6549,63],{"class":62},[56,6551,67],{"class":66},[56,6553,3332],{"class":989},[56,6555,3897],{"class":66},[56,6557,6558,6560,6562,6564,6566,6568,6570,6572,6574,6576],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,6559,63],{"class":62},[56,6561,67],{"class":66},[56,6563,3332],{"class":989},[56,6565,1074],{"class":66},[56,6567,1077],{"class":79},[56,6569,1080],{"class":66},[56,6571,1083],{"class":79},[56,6573,1080],{"class":66},[56,6575,529],{"class":79},[56,6577,1090],{"class":66},[14,6579,5035],{},[47,6581,6583],{"className":49,"code":6582,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,6584,6585,6589,6593,6597,6601,6605],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6586,6587],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6588,3507],{"class":3316},[56,6590,6591],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,6592,3446],{"class":3316},[56,6594,6595],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,6596,3507],{"class":3316},[56,6598,6599],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,6600,3446],{"class":3316},[56,6602,6603],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,6604,3507],{"class":3316},[56,6606,6607],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,6608,3446],{"class":3316},[14,6610,153,6611,6614,6615,964,6617,6619,6620,6622,6623,497],{},[18,6612,6613],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[18,6616,3060],{},[18,6618,3134],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[18,6621,3134],{},". Most other values become ",[18,6624,3060],{},[42,6626,6628],{"id":6627},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[14,6630,6631,6633],{},[18,6632,3276],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[14,6635,6636],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[26,6638,6639,6643],{},[29,6640,6641],{},[18,6642,3060],{},[29,6644,6645],{},[18,6646,3134],{},[14,6648,6649,6650,6652],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[18,6651,6477],{}," statements.",[14,6654,6655,6656,6658],{},"You can also call ",[18,6657,3276],{}," with no argument:",[47,6660,6662],{"className":49,"code":6661,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(bool())\n",[18,6663,6664],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6665,6666,6668,6670,6672],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6667,63],{"class":62},[56,6669,67],{"class":66},[56,6671,3332],{"class":989},[56,6673,6674],{"class":66},"())\n",[14,6676,130],{},[47,6678,6679],{"className":49,"code":3507,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,6680,6681],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6682,6683],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6684,3507],{"class":3316},[14,6686,6687,6688,497],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[372,6689,6691],{"href":6690},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[42,6693,6695],{"id":6694},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[14,6697,6698],{},"The basic syntax is:",[47,6700,6702],{"className":49,"code":6701,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"bool(value)\n",[18,6703,6704],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6705,6706,6708,6710,6712],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6707,3332],{"class":989},[56,6709,67],{"class":66},[56,6711,551],{"class":237},[56,6713,241],{"class":66},[14,6715,16,6716,6718],{},[18,6717,551],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[26,6720,6721,6723,6725,6727,6729,6732,6734],{},[29,6722,3107],{},[29,6724,4783],{},[29,6726,4774],{},[29,6728,4777],{},[29,6730,6731],{},"dictionaries",[29,6733,4780],{},[29,6735,6736],{},"other objects",[14,6738,6739,6740,497],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[18,6741,3134],{},[14,6743,274],{},[47,6745,6747],{"className":49,"code":6746,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[18,6748,6749,6763,6782],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6750,6751,6753,6755,6757,6759,6761],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6752,63],{"class":62},[56,6754,67],{"class":66},[56,6756,3332],{"class":989},[56,6758,67],{"class":66},[56,6760,406],{"class":79},[56,6762,83],{"class":66},[56,6764,6765,6767,6769,6771,6773,6775,6778,6780],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,6766,63],{"class":62},[56,6768,67],{"class":66},[56,6770,3332],{"class":989},[56,6772,67],{"class":66},[56,6774,938],{"class":937},[56,6776,6777],{"class":941},"Python",[56,6779,938],{"class":937},[56,6781,83],{"class":66},[56,6783,6784,6786,6788,6790],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,6785,63],{"class":62},[56,6787,67],{"class":66},[56,6789,3332],{"class":989},[56,6791,6674],{"class":66},[14,6793,130],{},[47,6795,6797],{"className":49,"code":6796,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[18,6798,6799,6803,6807],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6800,6801],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6802,3446],{"class":3316},[56,6804,6805],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,6806,3446],{"class":3316},[56,6808,6809],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,6810,3507],{"class":3316},[42,6812,6814],{"id":6813},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[14,6816,6817,6818,6820],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[3205,6819,5072],{}," values.",[14,6822,6823],{},"Common examples:",[26,6825,6826,6830,6834,6838,6842,6847,6851,6855],{},[29,6827,6828],{},[18,6829,181],{},[29,6831,6832],{},[18,6833,3231],{},[29,6835,6836],{},[18,6837,5749],{},[29,6839,6840],{},[18,6841,3250],{},[29,6843,6844],{},[18,6845,6846],{},"()",[29,6848,6849],{},[18,6850,3255],{},[29,6852,6853],{},[18,6854,3260],{},[29,6856,6857],{},[18,6858,3241],{},[14,6860,274],{},[47,6862,6864],{"className":49,"code":6863,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[18,6865,6866,6880,6894,6908,6918,6928,6939,6953],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6867,6868,6870,6872,6874,6876,6878],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6869,63],{"class":62},[56,6871,67],{"class":66},[56,6873,3332],{"class":989},[56,6875,67],{"class":66},[56,6877,181],{"class":79},[56,6879,83],{"class":66},[56,6881,6882,6884,6886,6888,6890,6892],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,6883,63],{"class":62},[56,6885,67],{"class":66},[56,6887,3332],{"class":989},[56,6889,67],{"class":66},[56,6891,3231],{"class":79},[56,6893,83],{"class":66},[56,6895,6896,6898,6900,6902,6904,6906],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,6897,63],{"class":62},[56,6899,67],{"class":66},[56,6901,3332],{"class":989},[56,6903,67],{"class":66},[56,6905,5749],{"class":937},[56,6907,83],{"class":66},[56,6909,6910,6912,6914,6916],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,6911,63],{"class":62},[56,6913,67],{"class":66},[56,6915,3332],{"class":989},[56,6917,3897],{"class":66},[56,6919,6920,6922,6924,6926],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,6921,63],{"class":62},[56,6923,67],{"class":66},[56,6925,3332],{"class":989},[56,6927,3955],{"class":66},[56,6929,6930,6932,6934,6936],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,6931,63],{"class":62},[56,6933,67],{"class":66},[56,6935,3332],{"class":989},[56,6937,6938],{"class":66},"({}))\n",[56,6940,6941,6943,6945,6947,6949,6951],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,6942,63],{"class":62},[56,6944,67],{"class":66},[56,6946,3332],{"class":989},[56,6948,67],{"class":66},[56,6950,5764],{"class":989},[56,6952,5767],{"class":66},[56,6954,6955,6957,6959,6961,6963,6965],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,6956,63],{"class":62},[56,6958,67],{"class":66},[56,6960,3332],{"class":989},[56,6962,67],{"class":66},[56,6964,3241],{"class":3316},[56,6966,83],{"class":66},[14,6968,130],{},[47,6970,6972],{"className":49,"code":6971,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[18,6973,6974,6978,6982,6986,6990,6994,6998,7002],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,6975,6976],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,6977,3507],{"class":3316},[56,6979,6980],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,6981,3507],{"class":3316},[56,6983,6984],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,6985,3507],{"class":3316},[56,6987,6988],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,6989,3507],{"class":3316},[56,6991,6992],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,6993,3507],{"class":3316},[56,6995,6996],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,6997,3507],{"class":3316},[56,6999,7000],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,7001,3507],{"class":3316},[56,7003,7004],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,7005,3507],{"class":3316},[42,7007,7009],{"id":7008},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[14,7011,7012,7013,7015,7016,6820],{},"Many values become ",[18,7014,3060],{},". These are often called ",[3205,7017,5069],{},[14,7019,6823],{},[26,7021,7022,7025,7028,7031,7034,7037],{},[29,7023,7024],{},"non-zero numbers",[29,7026,7027],{},"non-empty strings",[29,7029,7030],{},"non-empty lists",[29,7032,7033],{},"non-empty tuples",[29,7035,7036],{},"non-empty sets",[29,7038,7039],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[14,7041,274],{},[47,7043,7045],{"className":49,"code":7044,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[18,7046,7047,7061,7077,7095,7117,7135],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7048,7049,7051,7053,7055,7057,7059],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7050,63],{"class":62},[56,7052,67],{"class":66},[56,7054,3332],{"class":989},[56,7056,67],{"class":66},[56,7058,198],{"class":79},[56,7060,83],{"class":66},[56,7062,7063,7065,7067,7069,7071,7073,7075],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,7064,63],{"class":62},[56,7066,67],{"class":66},[56,7068,3332],{"class":989},[56,7070,67],{"class":66},[56,7072,76],{"class":75},[56,7074,115],{"class":79},[56,7076,83],{"class":66},[56,7078,7079,7081,7083,7085,7087,7089,7091,7093],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,7080,63],{"class":62},[56,7082,67],{"class":66},[56,7084,3332],{"class":989},[56,7086,67],{"class":66},[56,7088,938],{"class":937},[56,7090,3309],{"class":941},[56,7092,938],{"class":937},[56,7094,83],{"class":66},[56,7096,7097,7099,7101,7103,7105,7107,7109,7111,7113,7115],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,7098,63],{"class":62},[56,7100,67],{"class":66},[56,7102,3332],{"class":989},[56,7104,1074],{"class":66},[56,7106,1077],{"class":79},[56,7108,1080],{"class":66},[56,7110,1083],{"class":79},[56,7112,1080],{"class":66},[56,7114,529],{"class":79},[56,7116,1090],{"class":66},[56,7118,7119,7121,7123,7125,7127,7129,7131,7133],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,7120,63],{"class":62},[56,7122,67],{"class":66},[56,7124,3332],{"class":989},[56,7126,4986],{"class":66},[56,7128,1077],{"class":79},[56,7130,1080],{"class":66},[56,7132,1083],{"class":79},[56,7134,1000],{"class":66},[56,7136,7137,7139,7141,7143,7145,7147,7150,7152,7154,7156,7159,7161],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,7138,63],{"class":62},[56,7140,67],{"class":66},[56,7142,3332],{"class":989},[56,7144,5005],{"class":66},[56,7146,938],{"class":937},[56,7148,7149],{"class":941},"name",[56,7151,938],{"class":937},[56,7153,971],{"class":66},[56,7155,1448],{"class":937},[56,7157,7158],{"class":941},"Sam",[56,7160,938],{"class":937},[56,7162,5014],{"class":66},[14,7164,130],{},[47,7166,7168],{"className":49,"code":7167,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[18,7169,7170,7174,7178,7182,7186,7190],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7171,7172],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7173,3446],{"class":3316},[56,7175,7176],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,7177,3446],{"class":3316},[56,7179,7180],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,7181,3446],{"class":3316},[56,7183,7184],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,7185,3446],{"class":3316},[56,7187,7188],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,7189,3446],{"class":3316},[56,7191,7192],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,7193,3446],{"class":3316},[14,7195,7196],{},"One important example is this:",[47,7198,7200],{"className":49,"code":7199,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[18,7201,7202],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7203,7204,7206,7208,7210,7212,7214,7216,7218],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7205,63],{"class":62},[56,7207,67],{"class":66},[56,7209,3332],{"class":989},[56,7211,67],{"class":66},[56,7213,938],{"class":937},[56,7215,3134],{"class":941},[56,7217,938],{"class":937},[56,7219,83],{"class":66},[14,7221,130],{},[47,7223,7224],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,7225,7226],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7227,7228],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7229,3446],{"class":3316},[14,7231,7232,7233,7235,7236,497],{},"Even though the text says ",[18,7234,6159],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[18,7237,3060],{},[42,7239,7241],{"id":7240},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[14,7243,7244,7245,7247],{},"You can use ",[18,7246,3276],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[615,7249,7251],{"id":7250},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[47,7253,7255],{"className":49,"code":7254,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[18,7256,7257,7280],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7258,7259,7262,7264,7266,7268,7270,7273,7275,7278],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7260,7261],{"class":284},"items ",[56,7263,288],{"class":75},[56,7265,3080],{"class":66},[56,7267,406],{"class":79},[56,7269,1080],{"class":66},[56,7271,7272],{"class":79}," 20",[56,7274,1080],{"class":66},[56,7276,7277],{"class":79}," 30",[56,7279,3093],{"class":66},[56,7281,7282,7284,7286,7288,7290,7293],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,7283,63],{"class":62},[56,7285,67],{"class":66},[56,7287,3332],{"class":989},[56,7289,67],{"class":66},[56,7291,7292],{"class":237},"items",[56,7294,83],{"class":66},[14,7296,130],{},[47,7298,7299],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,7300,7301],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7302,7303],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7304,3446],{"class":3316},[14,7306,7307],{},"With an empty list:",[47,7309,7311],{"className":49,"code":7310,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[18,7312,7313,7322],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7314,7315,7317,7319],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7316,7261],{"class":284},[56,7318,288],{"class":75},[56,7320,7321],{"class":66}," []\n",[56,7323,7324,7326,7328,7330,7332,7334],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,7325,63],{"class":62},[56,7327,67],{"class":66},[56,7329,3332],{"class":989},[56,7331,67],{"class":66},[56,7333,7292],{"class":237},[56,7335,83],{"class":66},[14,7337,130],{},[47,7339,7340],{"className":49,"code":3507,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,7341,7342],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7343,7344],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7345,3507],{"class":3316},[615,7347,7349],{"id":7348},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[47,7351,7353],{"className":49,"code":7352,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[18,7354,7355,7365],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7356,7357,7360,7362],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7358,7359],{"class":284},"name ",[56,7361,288],{"class":75},[56,7363,7364],{"class":937}," \"\"\n",[56,7366,7367,7369,7371,7373,7375,7377],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,7368,63],{"class":62},[56,7370,67],{"class":66},[56,7372,3332],{"class":989},[56,7374,67],{"class":66},[56,7376,7149],{"class":237},[56,7378,83],{"class":66},[14,7380,130],{},[47,7382,7383],{"className":49,"code":3507,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,7384,7385],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7386,7387],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7388,3507],{"class":3316},[47,7390,7392],{"className":49,"code":7391,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[18,7393,7394,7407],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7395,7396,7398,7400,7402,7405],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7397,7359],{"class":284},[56,7399,288],{"class":75},[56,7401,1448],{"class":937},[56,7403,7404],{"class":941},"Mia",[56,7406,1454],{"class":937},[56,7408,7409,7411,7413,7415,7417,7419],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,7410,63],{"class":62},[56,7412,67],{"class":66},[56,7414,3332],{"class":989},[56,7416,67],{"class":66},[56,7418,7149],{"class":237},[56,7420,83],{"class":66},[14,7422,130],{},[47,7424,7425],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,7426,7427],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7428,7429],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7430,3446],{"class":3316},[615,7432,7434],{"id":7433},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[47,7436,7438],{"className":49,"code":7437,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[18,7439,7440,7454,7471,7475],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7441,7442,7445,7447,7449,7452],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7443,7444],{"class":284},"username ",[56,7446,288],{"class":75},[56,7448,1448],{"class":937},[56,7450,7451],{"class":941},"alex",[56,7453,1454],{"class":937},[56,7455,7456,7459,7461,7464,7466,7469],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,7457,7458],{"class":284},"has_name ",[56,7460,288],{"class":75},[56,7462,7463],{"class":989}," bool",[56,7465,67],{"class":66},[56,7467,7468],{"class":237},"username",[56,7470,241],{"class":66},[56,7472,7473],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,7474,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,7476,7477,7479,7481,7484],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,7478,63],{"class":62},[56,7480,67],{"class":66},[56,7482,7483],{"class":237},"has_name",[56,7485,241],{"class":66},[14,7487,130],{},[47,7489,7490],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,7491,7492],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7493,7494],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7495,3446],{"class":3316},[14,7497,7498,7499,964,7501,7503],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[18,7500,3060],{},[18,7502,3134],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[615,7505,7507],{"id":7506},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[14,7509,7510],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[47,7512,7514],{"className":49,"code":7513,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[18,7515,7516,7536,7540,7548],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7517,7518,7520,7522,7524,7526,7528,7530,7532,7534],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7519,3075],{"class":284},[56,7521,288],{"class":75},[56,7523,3080],{"class":66},[56,7525,1077],{"class":79},[56,7527,1080],{"class":66},[56,7529,1083],{"class":79},[56,7531,1080],{"class":66},[56,7533,529],{"class":79},[56,7535,3093],{"class":66},[56,7537,7538],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,7539,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,7541,7542,7544,7546],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,7543,6477],{"class":3341},[56,7545,3731],{"class":284},[56,7547,5871],{"class":66},[56,7549,7550,7553,7555,7557,7560,7562],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,7551,7552],{"class":62},"    print",[56,7554,67],{"class":66},[56,7556,938],{"class":937},[56,7558,7559],{"class":941},"The list is not empty",[56,7561,938],{"class":937},[56,7563,241],{"class":66},[14,7565,130],{},[47,7567,7569],{"className":49,"code":7568,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"The list is not empty\n",[18,7570,7571],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7572,7573,7575,7578,7581,7584],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7574,16],{"class":284},[56,7576,7577],{"class":989},"list",[56,7579,7580],{"class":75}," is",[56,7582,7583],{"class":75}," not",[56,7585,7586],{"class":284}," empty\n",[14,7588,7589,7590,497],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[372,7591,7593],{"href":7592},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[42,7595,7597],{"id":7596},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[14,7599,7600,7601,7603],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[18,7602,3276],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[14,7605,7606],{},"It does not do that.",[615,7608,7610,473,7613],{"id":7609},"boolfalse-returns-true",[18,7611,7612],{},"bool(\"False\")",[18,7614,3060],{},[47,7616,7617],{"className":49,"code":7199,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,7618,7619],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7620,7621,7623,7625,7627,7629,7631,7633,7635],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7622,63],{"class":62},[56,7624,67],{"class":66},[56,7626,3332],{"class":989},[56,7628,67],{"class":66},[56,7630,938],{"class":937},[56,7632,3134],{"class":941},[56,7634,938],{"class":937},[56,7636,83],{"class":66},[14,7638,130],{},[47,7640,7641],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,7642,7643],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7644,7645],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7646,3446],{"class":3316},[615,7648,7650,473,7653],{"id":7649},"bool0-returns-true",[18,7651,7652],{},"bool(\"0\")",[18,7654,3060],{},[47,7656,7658],{"className":49,"code":7657,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[18,7659,7660],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7661,7662,7664,7666,7668,7670,7672,7674,7676],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7663,63],{"class":62},[56,7665,67],{"class":66},[56,7667,3332],{"class":989},[56,7669,67],{"class":66},[56,7671,938],{"class":937},[56,7673,181],{"class":941},[56,7675,938],{"class":937},[56,7677,83],{"class":66},[14,7679,130],{},[47,7681,7682],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,7683,7684],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7685,7686],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7687,3446],{"class":3316},[14,7689,7690,7691,497],{},"This happens because both values are ",[3205,7692,7027],{},[14,7694,7695,7697],{},[18,7696,3276],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[14,7699,7700,7701,7706,7707,7709],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[372,7702,7704],{"href":7703},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[18,7705,1046],{},", because ",[18,7708,1046],{}," always returns a string.",[14,7711,274],{},[47,7713,7715],{"className":49,"code":7714,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[18,7716,7717,7738],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7718,7719,7722,7724,7727,7729,7731,7734,7736],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7720,7721],{"class":284},"user_value ",[56,7723,288],{"class":75},[56,7725,7726],{"class":62}," input",[56,7728,67],{"class":66},[56,7730,938],{"class":937},[56,7732,7733],{"class":941},"Enter True or False: ",[56,7735,938],{"class":937},[56,7737,241],{"class":66},[56,7739,7740,7742,7744,7746,7748,7751],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,7741,63],{"class":62},[56,7743,67],{"class":66},[56,7745,3332],{"class":989},[56,7747,67],{"class":66},[56,7749,7750],{"class":237},"user_value",[56,7752,83],{"class":66},[14,7754,7755,7756,7758,7759,7706,7761,7763],{},"If the user types ",[18,7757,3134],{},", the result will still be ",[18,7760,3060],{},[18,7762,6159],{}," is not empty.",[42,7765,7767],{"id":7766},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[14,7769,7770,7771,7773,7774,7776],{},"In many ",[18,7772,6477],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[18,7775,3276],{}," yourself.",[14,7778,7779],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[14,7781,7782],{},"Instead of this:",[47,7784,7786],{"className":49,"code":7785,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[18,7787,7788,7809,7813,7827],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7789,7790,7793,7795,7797,7799,7801,7803,7805,7807],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7791,7792],{"class":284},"my_list ",[56,7794,288],{"class":75},[56,7796,3080],{"class":66},[56,7798,1077],{"class":79},[56,7800,1080],{"class":66},[56,7802,1083],{"class":79},[56,7804,1080],{"class":66},[56,7806,529],{"class":79},[56,7808,3093],{"class":66},[56,7810,7811],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,7812,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,7814,7815,7817,7819,7821,7824],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,7816,6477],{"class":3341},[56,7818,7463],{"class":989},[56,7820,67],{"class":66},[56,7822,7823],{"class":237},"my_list",[56,7825,7826],{"class":66},"):\n",[56,7828,7829,7831,7833,7835,7838,7840],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,7830,7552],{"class":62},[56,7832,67],{"class":66},[56,7834,938],{"class":937},[56,7836,7837],{"class":941},"List has items",[56,7839,938],{"class":937},[56,7841,241],{"class":66},[14,7843,7844],{},"You can simply write:",[47,7846,7848],{"className":49,"code":7847,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[18,7849,7850,7870,7874,7883],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7851,7852,7854,7856,7858,7860,7862,7864,7866,7868],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7853,7792],{"class":284},[56,7855,288],{"class":75},[56,7857,3080],{"class":66},[56,7859,1077],{"class":79},[56,7861,1080],{"class":66},[56,7863,1083],{"class":79},[56,7865,1080],{"class":66},[56,7867,529],{"class":79},[56,7869,3093],{"class":66},[56,7871,7872],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,7873,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,7875,7876,7878,7881],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,7877,6477],{"class":3341},[56,7879,7880],{"class":284}," my_list",[56,7882,5871],{"class":66},[56,7884,7885,7887,7889,7891,7893,7895],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,7886,7552],{"class":62},[56,7888,67],{"class":66},[56,7890,938],{"class":937},[56,7892,7837],{"class":941},[56,7894,938],{"class":937},[56,7896,241],{"class":66},[14,7898,7899],{},"Both examples work.",[14,7901,7902,7903,7905],{},"Using ",[18,7904,3276],{}," is still helpful when:",[26,7907,7908,7911,7919],{},[29,7909,7910],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[29,7912,7913,7914,964,7916,7918],{},"you want to store a real ",[18,7915,3060],{},[18,7917,3134],{}," value",[29,7920,7921],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[14,7923,7924,7925,497],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[372,7926,7927],{"href":374},"Python type() function explained",[42,7929,912],{"id":911},[14,7931,7932,7933,497],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[18,7934,3276],{},[615,7936,7938,7939,7941,7942],{"id":7937},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[18,7940,7612],{}," to return ",[18,7943,3134],{},[14,7945,7946],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[47,7948,7949],{"className":49,"code":7199,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,7950,7951],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7952,7953,7955,7957,7959,7961,7963,7965,7967],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7954,63],{"class":62},[56,7956,67],{"class":66},[56,7958,3332],{"class":989},[56,7960,67],{"class":66},[56,7962,938],{"class":937},[56,7964,3134],{"class":941},[56,7966,938],{"class":937},[56,7968,83],{"class":66},[14,7970,130],{},[47,7972,7973],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,7974,7975],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7976,7977],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7978,3446],{"class":3316},[14,7980,7981,7982,6160],{},"Why? Because ",[18,7983,6159],{},[14,7985,7986],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[47,7988,7990],{"className":49,"code":7989,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[18,7991,7992,8004],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,7993,7994,7996,7998,8000,8002],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,7995,524],{"class":284},[56,7997,288],{"class":75},[56,7999,1448],{"class":937},[56,8001,3134],{"class":941},[56,8003,1454],{"class":937},[56,8005,8006,8008,8010,8012,8014,8016,8018,8020],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,8007,63],{"class":62},[56,8009,67],{"class":66},[56,8011,524],{"class":237},[56,8013,4159],{"class":75},[56,8015,1448],{"class":937},[56,8017,3060],{"class":941},[56,8019,938],{"class":937},[56,8021,241],{"class":66},[14,8023,130],{},[47,8025,8026],{"className":49,"code":3507,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,8027,8028],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8029,8030],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8031,3507],{"class":3316},[615,8033,8035],{"id":8034},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[14,8037,8038,8040],{},[18,8039,1046],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[47,8042,8044],{"className":49,"code":8043,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[18,8045,8046,8065],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8047,8048,8050,8052,8054,8056,8058,8061,8063],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8049,524],{"class":284},[56,8051,288],{"class":75},[56,8053,7726],{"class":62},[56,8055,67],{"class":66},[56,8057,938],{"class":937},[56,8059,8060],{"class":941},"Enter yes or no: ",[56,8062,938],{"class":937},[56,8064,241],{"class":66},[56,8066,8067,8069,8071,8073,8075,8077],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,8068,63],{"class":62},[56,8070,67],{"class":66},[56,8072,3332],{"class":989},[56,8074,67],{"class":66},[56,8076,551],{"class":237},[56,8078,83],{"class":66},[14,8080,7755,8081,8084,8085,8087,8088,7763],{},[18,8082,8083],{},"no",", the result is still ",[18,8086,3060],{}," because ",[18,8089,8090],{},"\"no\"",[14,8092,8093],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[47,8095,8097],{"className":49,"code":8096,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[18,8098,8099,8130],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8100,8101,8103,8105,8107,8109,8111,8113,8115,8118,8121,8124,8127],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8102,524],{"class":284},[56,8104,288],{"class":75},[56,8106,7726],{"class":62},[56,8108,67],{"class":66},[56,8110,938],{"class":937},[56,8112,8060],{"class":941},[56,8114,938],{"class":937},[56,8116,8117],{"class":66},").",[56,8119,8120],{"class":237},"strip",[56,8122,8123],{"class":66},"().",[56,8125,8126],{"class":237},"lower",[56,8128,8129],{"class":66},"()\n",[56,8131,8132,8134,8136,8138,8140,8142,8145,8147],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,8133,63],{"class":62},[56,8135,67],{"class":66},[56,8137,524],{"class":237},[56,8139,4159],{"class":75},[56,8141,1448],{"class":937},[56,8143,8144],{"class":941},"yes",[56,8146,938],{"class":937},[56,8148,241],{"class":66},[14,8150,8151,8152,8154,8155,497],{},"This gives ",[18,8153,3060],{}," only when the user enters ",[18,8156,8144],{},[615,8158,8160],{"id":8159},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[14,8162,8163],{},"These are different:",[26,8165,8166,8170,8174,8178,8182],{},[29,8167,8168],{},[18,8169,3134],{},[29,8171,8172],{},[18,8173,181],{},[29,8175,8176],{},[18,8177,5749],{},[29,8179,8180],{},[18,8181,3250],{},[29,8183,8184],{},[18,8185,3241],{},[14,8187,8188,8189,8191,8192,8194],{},"They all become ",[18,8190,3134],{}," with ",[18,8193,3276],{},", but they are not the same value.",[14,8196,8197],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[47,8199,8201],{"className":49,"code":8200,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[18,8202,8203,8211,8225],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8204,8205,8207,8209],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8206,524],{"class":284},[56,8208,288],{"class":75},[56,8210,7321],{"class":66},[56,8212,8213,8215,8217,8219,8221,8223],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,8214,63],{"class":62},[56,8216,67],{"class":66},[56,8218,1314],{"class":989},[56,8220,67],{"class":66},[56,8222,551],{"class":237},[56,8224,83],{"class":66},[56,8226,8227,8229,8231,8233,8235,8237],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,8228,63],{"class":62},[56,8230,67],{"class":66},[56,8232,3332],{"class":989},[56,8234,67],{"class":66},[56,8236,551],{"class":237},[56,8238,83],{"class":66},[14,8240,130],{},[47,8242,8244],{"className":49,"code":8243,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[18,8245,8246,8260],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8247,8248,8250,8252,8254,8256,8258],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8249,1383],{"class":75},[56,8251,1386],{"class":124},[56,8253,1389],{"class":937},[56,8255,7577],{"class":941},[56,8257,1394],{"class":937},[56,8259,1397],{"class":75},[56,8261,8262],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,8263,3507],{"class":3316},[615,8265,7902,8267,8269],{"id":8266},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[18,8268,3255],{}," expecting an empty set",[14,8271,8272,8273,8275],{},"In Python, ",[18,8274,3255],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[47,8277,8279],{"className":49,"code":8278,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type({}))\n",[18,8280,8281],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8282,8283,8285,8287,8289],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8284,63],{"class":62},[56,8286,67],{"class":66},[56,8288,1314],{"class":989},[56,8290,6938],{"class":66},[14,8292,130],{},[47,8294,8296],{"className":49,"code":8295,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,8297,8298],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8299,8300,8302,8304,8306,8309,8311],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8301,1383],{"class":75},[56,8303,1386],{"class":124},[56,8305,1389],{"class":937},[56,8307,8308],{"class":941},"dict",[56,8310,1394],{"class":937},[56,8312,1397],{"class":75},[14,8314,8315],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[47,8317,8319],{"className":49,"code":8318,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(set()))\n",[18,8320,8321],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8322,8323,8325,8327,8329,8331,8333],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8324,63],{"class":62},[56,8326,67],{"class":66},[56,8328,1314],{"class":989},[56,8330,67],{"class":66},[56,8332,5764],{"class":989},[56,8334,5767],{"class":66},[14,8336,130],{},[47,8338,8340],{"className":49,"code":8339,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,8341,8342],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8343,8344,8346,8348,8350,8352,8354],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8345,1383],{"class":75},[56,8347,1386],{"class":124},[56,8349,1389],{"class":937},[56,8351,5764],{"class":941},[56,8353,1394],{"class":937},[56,8355,1397],{"class":75},[42,8357,8359],{"id":8358},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[14,8361,8362,8363,8365],{},"If ",[18,8364,3276],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[47,8367,8369],{"className":49,"code":8368,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[18,8370,8371,8385,8399,8409,8427],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8372,8373,8375,8377,8379,8381,8383],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8374,63],{"class":62},[56,8376,67],{"class":66},[56,8378,3332],{"class":989},[56,8380,67],{"class":66},[56,8382,551],{"class":237},[56,8384,83],{"class":66},[56,8386,8387,8389,8391,8393,8395,8397],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,8388,63],{"class":62},[56,8390,67],{"class":66},[56,8392,1314],{"class":989},[56,8394,67],{"class":66},[56,8396,551],{"class":237},[56,8398,83],{"class":66},[56,8400,8401,8403,8405,8407],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,8402,63],{"class":62},[56,8404,67],{"class":66},[56,8406,551],{"class":237},[56,8408,241],{"class":66},[56,8410,8411,8413,8415,8417,8419,8421,8423,8425],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,8412,63],{"class":62},[56,8414,67],{"class":66},[56,8416,524],{"class":237},[56,8418,4159],{"class":75},[56,8420,1448],{"class":937},[56,8422,3060],{"class":941},[56,8424,938],{"class":937},[56,8426,241],{"class":66},[56,8428,8429,8431,8433,8435,8437,8439,8441,8443],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,8430,63],{"class":62},[56,8432,67],{"class":66},[56,8434,551],{"class":237},[56,8436,497],{"class":66},[56,8438,8120],{"class":237},[56,8440,8123],{"class":66},[56,8442,8126],{"class":237},[56,8444,6674],{"class":66},[14,8446,8447],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[26,8449,8450,8453,8456,8459],{},[29,8451,8452],{},"what the value really is",[29,8454,8455],{},"whether it is a string",[29,8457,8458],{},"whether it contains spaces",[29,8460,8461],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[14,8463,8464,8465,497],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[372,8466,8468],{"href":8467},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[42,8470,1553],{"id":1552},[615,8472,8474],{"id":8473},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[14,8476,8477,8478,964,8480,497],{},"It returns either ",[18,8479,3060],{},[18,8481,3134],{},[615,8483,8485],{"id":8484},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[14,8487,4621,8488,497],{},[18,8489,3134],{},[615,8491,8493],{"id":8492},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[14,8495,8496,8497,497],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[18,8498,3060],{},[615,8500,8502],{"id":8501},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[14,8504,8505,8506,497],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[18,8507,3134],{},[615,8509,8511],{"id":8510},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[14,8513,8514,8515,964,8517,3199],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[18,8516,3060],{},[18,8518,3134],{},[42,8520,1601],{"id":1600},[26,8522,8523,8528,8532,8537,8541,8546],{},[29,8524,8525],{},[372,8526,8527],{"href":5253},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[29,8529,8530],{},[372,8531,7593],{"href":7592},[29,8533,8534],{},[372,8535,8536],{"href":7703},"Python input() function explained",[29,8538,8539],{},[372,8540,7927],{"href":374},[29,8542,8543],{},[372,8544,8545],{"href":8467},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[29,8547,8548],{},[372,8549,8550],{"href":6690},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1633,8552,8553],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":8555},[8556,8557,8558,8559,8560,8561,8567,8573,8574,8582,8583,8590],{"id":3064,"depth":86,"text":3065},{"id":6627,"depth":86,"text":6628},{"id":6694,"depth":86,"text":6695},{"id":6813,"depth":86,"text":6814},{"id":7008,"depth":86,"text":7009},{"id":7240,"depth":86,"text":7241,"children":8562},[8563,8564,8565,8566],{"id":7250,"depth":102,"text":7251},{"id":7348,"depth":102,"text":7349},{"id":7433,"depth":102,"text":7434},{"id":7506,"depth":102,"text":7507},{"id":7596,"depth":86,"text":7597,"children":8568},[8569,8571],{"id":7609,"depth":102,"text":8570},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":7649,"depth":102,"text":8572},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":7766,"depth":86,"text":7767},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912,"children":8575},[8576,8578,8579,8580],{"id":7937,"depth":102,"text":8577},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8034,"depth":102,"text":8035},{"id":8159,"depth":102,"text":8160},{"id":8266,"depth":102,"text":8581},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8358,"depth":86,"text":8359},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":8584},[8585,8586,8587,8588,8589],{"id":8473,"depth":102,"text":8474},{"id":8484,"depth":102,"text":8485},{"id":8492,"depth":102,"text":8493},{"id":8501,"depth":102,"text":8502},{"id":8510,"depth":102,"text":8511},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6454,"description":8591},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8598,"title":8599,"body":8600,"description":10796,"extension":1665,"meta":10797,"navigation":316,"path":10798,"seo":10799,"stem":10800,"__hash__":10801},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8601,"toc":10758},[8602,8608,8614,8621,8626,8637,8644,8753,8757,8826,8831,8836,8841,8844,8855,8860,8863,8874,8881,8883,8888,8892,8917,8921,8930,8934,8997,9001,9034,9038,9083,9087,9124,9128,9131,9187,9191,9237,9240,9245,9284,9288,9311,9314,9328,9341,9345,9350,9417,9421,9457,9460,9468,9471,9535,9539,9571,9577,9579,9639,9646,9649,9727,9731,9764,9768,9771,9815,9819,9855,9858,9875,9878,9881,9934,9937,9948,9955,9964,9967,10025,10029,10070,10078,10086,10092,10100,10112,10117,10128,10201,10204,10216,10232,10236,10241,10245,10247,10290,10296,10299,10362,10366,10369,10378,10383,10420,10424,10427,10435,10438,10477,10481,10484,10535,10539,10560,10567,10569,10575,10602,10605,10660,10663,10674,10676,10683,10691,10697,10702,10709,10712,10719,10726,10728,10755],[10,8603,3031,8605,3035],{"id":8604},"python-dict-function-explained",[18,8606,8607],{},"dict()",[14,8609,8610,8611,8613],{},"The built-in ",[18,8612,8607],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[14,8615,8616,8617,8620],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[3205,8618,8619],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[14,8622,8623,8625],{},[18,8624,8607],{}," is commonly used to:",[26,8627,8628,8631,8634],{},[29,8629,8630],{},"create an empty dictionary",[29,8632,8633],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[29,8635,8636],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,8638,8639,8640,497],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[372,8641,8643],{"href":8642},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[47,8645,8647],{"className":49,"code":8646,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[18,8648,8649,8684,8695,8699,8738],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8650,8651,8654,8656,8659,8661,8664,8666,8668,8670,8672,8674,8677,8679,8682],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8652,8653],{"class":284},"data ",[56,8655,288],{"class":75},[56,8657,8658],{"class":989}," dict",[56,8660,67],{"class":66},[56,8662,7149],{"class":8663},"s99_P",[56,8665,288],{"class":75},[56,8667,1394],{"class":937},[56,8669,4476],{"class":941},[56,8671,1394],{"class":937},[56,8673,1080],{"class":66},[56,8675,8676],{"class":8663}," age",[56,8678,288],{"class":75},[56,8680,8681],{"class":79},"25",[56,8683,241],{"class":66},[56,8685,8686,8688,8690,8693],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,8687,63],{"class":62},[56,8689,67],{"class":66},[56,8691,8692],{"class":237},"data",[56,8694,241],{"class":66},[56,8696,8697],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,8698,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,8700,8701,8704,8706,8709,8711,8713,8715,8717,8719,8722,8725,8727,8729,8731,8733,8735],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,8702,8703],{"class":284},"pairs ",[56,8705,288],{"class":75},[56,8707,8708],{"class":66}," [(",[56,8710,1394],{"class":937},[56,8712,372],{"class":941},[56,8714,1394],{"class":937},[56,8716,1080],{"class":66},[56,8718,4973],{"class":79},[56,8720,8721],{"class":66},"),",[56,8723,8724],{"class":66}," (",[56,8726,1394],{"class":937},[56,8728,4232],{"class":941},[56,8730,1394],{"class":937},[56,8732,1080],{"class":66},[56,8734,1083],{"class":79},[56,8736,8737],{"class":66},")]\n",[56,8739,8740,8742,8744,8746,8748,8751],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,8741,63],{"class":62},[56,8743,67],{"class":66},[56,8745,8308],{"class":989},[56,8747,67],{"class":66},[56,8749,8750],{"class":237},"pairs",[56,8752,83],{"class":66},[14,8754,8755],{},[3205,8756,130],{},[47,8758,8760],{"className":49,"code":8759,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,8761,8762,8798],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8763,8764,8767,8769,8771,8773,8775,8777,8779,8781,8783,8785,8788,8790,8792,8795],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8765,8766],{"class":66},"{",[56,8768,1394],{"class":937},[56,8770,7149],{"class":941},[56,8772,1394],{"class":937},[56,8774,971],{"class":66},[56,8776,1389],{"class":937},[56,8778,4476],{"class":941},[56,8780,1394],{"class":937},[56,8782,1080],{"class":66},[56,8784,1389],{"class":937},[56,8786,8787],{"class":941},"age",[56,8789,1394],{"class":937},[56,8791,971],{"class":66},[56,8793,8794],{"class":79}," 25",[56,8796,8797],{"class":66},"}\n",[56,8799,8800,8802,8804,8806,8808,8810,8812,8814,8816,8818,8820,8822,8824],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,8801,8766],{"class":66},[56,8803,1394],{"class":937},[56,8805,372],{"class":941},[56,8807,1394],{"class":937},[56,8809,971],{"class":66},[56,8811,4973],{"class":79},[56,8813,1080],{"class":66},[56,8815,1389],{"class":937},[56,8817,4232],{"class":941},[56,8819,1394],{"class":937},[56,8821,971],{"class":66},[56,8823,1083],{"class":79},[56,8825,8797],{"class":66},[14,8827,153,8828,8830],{},[18,8829,8607],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[42,8832,3138,8834,3141],{"id":8833},"what-dict-does",[18,8835,8607],{},[14,8837,8838,8840],{},[18,8839,8607],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[14,8842,8843],{},"A dictionary:",[26,8845,8846,8849,8852],{},[29,8847,8848],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[29,8850,8851],{},"lets you look up values by key",[29,8853,8854],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[14,8856,8857,8859],{},[18,8858,8607],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[14,8861,8862],{},"Common uses include:",[26,8864,8865,8868,8871],{},[29,8866,8867],{},"making an empty dictionary",[29,8869,8870],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[29,8872,8873],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,8875,8876,8877,497],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[372,8878,8880],{"href":8879},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[42,8882,220],{"id":219},[14,8884,8885,8887],{},[18,8886,8607],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[615,8889,8891],{"id":8890},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[47,8893,8895],{"className":49,"code":8894,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[18,8896,8897,8907],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8898,8899,8901,8903,8905],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8900,8653],{"class":284},[56,8902,288],{"class":75},[56,8904,8658],{"class":989},[56,8906,8129],{"class":66},[56,8908,8909,8911,8913,8915],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,8910,63],{"class":62},[56,8912,67],{"class":66},[56,8914,8692],{"class":237},[56,8916,241],{"class":66},[14,8918,8919],{},[3205,8920,130],{},[47,8922,8924],{"className":49,"code":8923,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{}\n",[18,8925,8926],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8927,8928],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8929,8923],{"class":66},[615,8931,8933],{"id":8932},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[47,8935,8937],{"className":49,"code":8936,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,8938,8939,8973,8987],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,8940,8941,8943,8945,8947,8949,8951,8953,8955,8957,8959,8961,8963,8965,8967,8969,8971],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,8942,8703],{"class":284},[56,8944,288],{"class":75},[56,8946,8708],{"class":66},[56,8948,1394],{"class":937},[56,8950,372],{"class":941},[56,8952,1394],{"class":937},[56,8954,1080],{"class":66},[56,8956,4973],{"class":79},[56,8958,8721],{"class":66},[56,8960,8724],{"class":66},[56,8962,1394],{"class":937},[56,8964,4232],{"class":941},[56,8966,1394],{"class":937},[56,8968,1080],{"class":66},[56,8970,1083],{"class":79},[56,8972,8737],{"class":66},[56,8974,8975,8977,8979,8981,8983,8985],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,8976,8653],{"class":284},[56,8978,288],{"class":75},[56,8980,8658],{"class":989},[56,8982,67],{"class":66},[56,8984,8750],{"class":237},[56,8986,241],{"class":66},[56,8988,8989,8991,8993,8995],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,8990,63],{"class":62},[56,8992,67],{"class":66},[56,8994,8692],{"class":237},[56,8996,241],{"class":66},[14,8998,8999],{},[3205,9000,130],{},[47,9002,9004],{"className":49,"code":9003,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,9005,9006],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9007,9008,9010,9012,9014,9016,9018,9020,9022,9024,9026,9028,9030,9032],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9009,8766],{"class":66},[56,9011,1394],{"class":937},[56,9013,372],{"class":941},[56,9015,1394],{"class":937},[56,9017,971],{"class":66},[56,9019,4973],{"class":79},[56,9021,1080],{"class":66},[56,9023,1389],{"class":937},[56,9025,4232],{"class":941},[56,9027,1394],{"class":937},[56,9029,971],{"class":66},[56,9031,1083],{"class":79},[56,9033,8797],{"class":66},[615,9035,9037],{"id":9036},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[47,9039,9041],{"className":49,"code":9040,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9042,9043,9073],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9044,9045,9047,9049,9051,9053,9055,9057,9059,9061,9063,9065,9067,9069,9071],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9046,8653],{"class":284},[56,9048,288],{"class":75},[56,9050,8658],{"class":989},[56,9052,67],{"class":66},[56,9054,7149],{"class":8663},[56,9056,288],{"class":75},[56,9058,1394],{"class":937},[56,9060,4476],{"class":941},[56,9062,1394],{"class":937},[56,9064,1080],{"class":66},[56,9066,8676],{"class":8663},[56,9068,288],{"class":75},[56,9070,8681],{"class":79},[56,9072,241],{"class":66},[56,9074,9075,9077,9079,9081],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,9076,63],{"class":62},[56,9078,67],{"class":66},[56,9080,8692],{"class":237},[56,9082,241],{"class":66},[14,9084,9085],{},[3205,9086,130],{},[47,9088,9090],{"className":49,"code":9089,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[18,9091,9092],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9093,9094,9096,9098,9100,9102,9104,9106,9108,9110,9112,9114,9116,9118,9120,9122],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9095,8766],{"class":66},[56,9097,1394],{"class":937},[56,9099,7149],{"class":941},[56,9101,1394],{"class":937},[56,9103,971],{"class":66},[56,9105,1389],{"class":937},[56,9107,4476],{"class":941},[56,9109,1394],{"class":937},[56,9111,1080],{"class":66},[56,9113,1389],{"class":937},[56,9115,8787],{"class":941},[56,9117,1394],{"class":937},[56,9119,971],{"class":66},[56,9121,8794],{"class":79},[56,9123,8797],{"class":66},[615,9125,9127],{"id":9126},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[14,9129,9130],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[47,9132,9134],{"className":49,"code":9133,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9135,9136,9177],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9137,9138,9140,9142,9144,9147,9149,9151,9153,9155,9157,9160,9162,9164,9166,9168,9171,9173,9175],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9139,8653],{"class":284},[56,9141,288],{"class":75},[56,9143,8658],{"class":989},[56,9145,9146],{"class":66},"([(",[56,9148,1394],{"class":937},[56,9150,372],{"class":941},[56,9152,1394],{"class":937},[56,9154,1080],{"class":66},[56,9156,4973],{"class":79},[56,9158,9159],{"class":66},")],",[56,9161,640],{"class":8663},[56,9163,288],{"class":75},[56,9165,115],{"class":79},[56,9167,1080],{"class":66},[56,9169,9170],{"class":8663}," c",[56,9172,288],{"class":75},[56,9174,121],{"class":79},[56,9176,241],{"class":66},[56,9178,9179,9181,9183,9185],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,9180,63],{"class":62},[56,9182,67],{"class":66},[56,9184,8692],{"class":237},[56,9186,241],{"class":66},[14,9188,9189],{},[3205,9190,130],{},[47,9192,9194],{"className":49,"code":9193,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[18,9195,9196],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9197,9198,9200,9202,9204,9206,9208,9210,9212,9214,9216,9218,9220,9222,9224,9226,9229,9231,9233,9235],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9199,8766],{"class":66},[56,9201,1394],{"class":937},[56,9203,372],{"class":941},[56,9205,1394],{"class":937},[56,9207,971],{"class":66},[56,9209,4973],{"class":79},[56,9211,1080],{"class":66},[56,9213,1389],{"class":937},[56,9215,4232],{"class":941},[56,9217,1394],{"class":937},[56,9219,971],{"class":66},[56,9221,1083],{"class":79},[56,9223,1080],{"class":66},[56,9225,1389],{"class":937},[56,9227,9228],{"class":941},"c",[56,9230,1394],{"class":937},[56,9232,971],{"class":66},[56,9234,529],{"class":79},[56,9236,8797],{"class":66},[42,9238,8891],{"id":9239},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[14,9241,153,9242,9244],{},[18,9243,8607],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[47,9246,9248],{"className":49,"code":9247,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[18,9249,9250,9260,9274],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9251,9252,9254,9256,9258],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9253,8653],{"class":284},[56,9255,288],{"class":75},[56,9257,8658],{"class":989},[56,9259,8129],{"class":66},[56,9261,9262,9264,9266,9268,9270,9272],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,9263,63],{"class":62},[56,9265,67],{"class":66},[56,9267,1314],{"class":989},[56,9269,67],{"class":66},[56,9271,8692],{"class":237},[56,9273,83],{"class":66},[56,9275,9276,9278,9280,9282],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,9277,63],{"class":62},[56,9279,67],{"class":66},[56,9281,8692],{"class":237},[56,9283,241],{"class":66},[14,9285,9286],{},[3205,9287,130],{},[47,9289,9291],{"className":49,"code":9290,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[18,9292,9293,9307],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9294,9295,9297,9299,9301,9303,9305],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9296,1383],{"class":75},[56,9298,1386],{"class":124},[56,9300,1389],{"class":937},[56,9302,8308],{"class":941},[56,9304,1394],{"class":937},[56,9306,1397],{"class":75},[56,9308,9309],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,9310,8923],{"class":66},[14,9312,9313],{},"This gives the same result as:",[47,9315,9317],{"className":49,"code":9316,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {}\n",[18,9318,9319],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9320,9321,9323,9325],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9322,8653],{"class":284},[56,9324,288],{"class":75},[56,9326,9327],{"class":66}," {}\n",[14,9329,9330,9331,9333,9334,9337,9338,9340],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[18,9332,3255],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9335,9336],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[18,9339,8607],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[42,9342,9344],{"id":9343},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[14,9346,9347,9348,497],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[18,9349,8607],{},[47,9351,9353],{"className":49,"code":9352,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9354,9355,9393,9407],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9356,9357,9359,9361,9363,9365,9367,9369,9371,9373,9375,9377,9379,9381,9383,9385,9387,9389,9391],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9358,8703],{"class":284},[56,9360,288],{"class":75},[56,9362,8708],{"class":66},[56,9364,1394],{"class":937},[56,9366,7149],{"class":941},[56,9368,1394],{"class":937},[56,9370,1080],{"class":66},[56,9372,1389],{"class":937},[56,9374,4476],{"class":941},[56,9376,1394],{"class":937},[56,9378,8721],{"class":66},[56,9380,8724],{"class":66},[56,9382,1394],{"class":937},[56,9384,8787],{"class":941},[56,9386,1394],{"class":937},[56,9388,1080],{"class":66},[56,9390,8794],{"class":79},[56,9392,8737],{"class":66},[56,9394,9395,9397,9399,9401,9403,9405],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,9396,8653],{"class":284},[56,9398,288],{"class":75},[56,9400,8658],{"class":989},[56,9402,67],{"class":66},[56,9404,8750],{"class":237},[56,9406,241],{"class":66},[56,9408,9409,9411,9413,9415],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,9410,63],{"class":62},[56,9412,67],{"class":66},[56,9414,8692],{"class":237},[56,9416,241],{"class":66},[14,9418,9419],{},[3205,9420,130],{},[47,9422,9423],{"className":49,"code":9089,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,9424,9425],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9426,9427,9429,9431,9433,9435,9437,9439,9441,9443,9445,9447,9449,9451,9453,9455],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9428,8766],{"class":66},[56,9430,1394],{"class":937},[56,9432,7149],{"class":941},[56,9434,1394],{"class":937},[56,9436,971],{"class":66},[56,9438,1389],{"class":937},[56,9440,4476],{"class":941},[56,9442,1394],{"class":937},[56,9444,1080],{"class":66},[56,9446,1389],{"class":937},[56,9448,8787],{"class":941},[56,9450,1394],{"class":937},[56,9452,971],{"class":66},[56,9454,8794],{"class":79},[56,9456,8797],{"class":66},[14,9458,9459],{},"Each pair becomes:",[26,9461,9462,9465],{},[29,9463,9464],{},"the first item as the key",[29,9466,9467],{},"the second item as the value",[14,9469,9470],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[47,9472,9474],{"className":49,"code":9473,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9475,9476,9511,9525],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9477,9478,9480,9482,9485,9487,9489,9491,9493,9495,9497,9499,9501,9503,9505,9507,9509],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9479,8703],{"class":284},[56,9481,288],{"class":75},[56,9483,9484],{"class":66}," ((",[56,9486,1394],{"class":937},[56,9488,372],{"class":941},[56,9490,1394],{"class":937},[56,9492,1080],{"class":66},[56,9494,4973],{"class":79},[56,9496,8721],{"class":66},[56,9498,8724],{"class":66},[56,9500,1394],{"class":937},[56,9502,4232],{"class":941},[56,9504,1394],{"class":937},[56,9506,1080],{"class":66},[56,9508,1083],{"class":79},[56,9510,83],{"class":66},[56,9512,9513,9515,9517,9519,9521,9523],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,9514,8653],{"class":284},[56,9516,288],{"class":75},[56,9518,8658],{"class":989},[56,9520,67],{"class":66},[56,9522,8750],{"class":237},[56,9524,241],{"class":66},[56,9526,9527,9529,9531,9533],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,9528,63],{"class":62},[56,9530,67],{"class":66},[56,9532,8692],{"class":237},[56,9534,241],{"class":66},[14,9536,9537],{},[3205,9538,130],{},[47,9540,9541],{"className":49,"code":9003,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,9542,9543],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9544,9545,9547,9549,9551,9553,9555,9557,9559,9561,9563,9565,9567,9569],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9546,8766],{"class":66},[56,9548,1394],{"class":937},[56,9550,372],{"class":941},[56,9552,1394],{"class":937},[56,9554,971],{"class":66},[56,9556,4973],{"class":79},[56,9558,1080],{"class":66},[56,9560,1389],{"class":937},[56,9562,4232],{"class":941},[56,9564,1394],{"class":937},[56,9566,971],{"class":66},[56,9568,1083],{"class":79},[56,9570,8797],{"class":66},[14,9572,9573,9574,497],{},"Each item must contain ",[3205,9575,9576],{},"exactly two elements",[14,9578,919],{},[47,9580,9582],{"className":49,"code":9581,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[18,9583,9584,9624],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9585,9586,9589,9591,9593,9595,9597,9599,9601,9603,9605,9608,9610,9612,9614,9616,9618,9620,9622],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9587,9588],{"class":284},"bad_data ",[56,9590,288],{"class":75},[56,9592,8708],{"class":66},[56,9594,1394],{"class":937},[56,9596,372],{"class":941},[56,9598,1394],{"class":937},[56,9600,1080],{"class":66},[56,9602,4973],{"class":79},[56,9604,1080],{"class":66},[56,9606,9607],{"class":79}," 100",[56,9609,8721],{"class":66},[56,9611,8724],{"class":66},[56,9613,1394],{"class":937},[56,9615,4232],{"class":941},[56,9617,1394],{"class":937},[56,9619,1080],{"class":66},[56,9621,1083],{"class":79},[56,9623,8737],{"class":66},[56,9625,9626,9628,9630,9632,9634,9637],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,9627,299],{"class":284},[56,9629,288],{"class":75},[56,9631,8658],{"class":989},[56,9633,67],{"class":66},[56,9635,9636],{"class":237},"bad_data",[56,9638,241],{"class":66},[14,9640,9641,9642,9645],{},"Python raises an error because ",[18,9643,9644],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[14,9647,9648],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[47,9650,9652],{"className":49,"code":9651,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[18,9653,9654,9703,9717],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9655,9656,9658,9660,9662,9664,9666,9668,9670,9672,9674,9676,9678,9680,9682,9684,9687,9689,9691,9693,9695,9697,9699,9701],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9657,8703],{"class":284},[56,9659,288],{"class":75},[56,9661,8708],{"class":66},[56,9663,1394],{"class":937},[56,9665,372],{"class":941},[56,9667,1394],{"class":937},[56,9669,1080],{"class":66},[56,9671,4973],{"class":79},[56,9673,8721],{"class":66},[56,9675,8724],{"class":66},[56,9677,1394],{"class":937},[56,9679,372],{"class":941},[56,9681,1394],{"class":937},[56,9683,1080],{"class":66},[56,9685,9686],{"class":79}," 99",[56,9688,8721],{"class":66},[56,9690,8724],{"class":66},[56,9692,1394],{"class":937},[56,9694,4232],{"class":941},[56,9696,1394],{"class":937},[56,9698,1080],{"class":66},[56,9700,1083],{"class":79},[56,9702,8737],{"class":66},[56,9704,9705,9707,9709,9711,9713,9715],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,9706,8653],{"class":284},[56,9708,288],{"class":75},[56,9710,8658],{"class":989},[56,9712,67],{"class":66},[56,9714,8750],{"class":237},[56,9716,241],{"class":66},[56,9718,9719,9721,9723,9725],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,9720,63],{"class":62},[56,9722,67],{"class":66},[56,9724,8692],{"class":237},[56,9726,241],{"class":66},[14,9728,9729],{},[3205,9730,130],{},[47,9732,9734],{"className":49,"code":9733,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[18,9735,9736],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9737,9738,9740,9742,9744,9746,9748,9750,9752,9754,9756,9758,9760,9762],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9739,8766],{"class":66},[56,9741,1394],{"class":937},[56,9743,372],{"class":941},[56,9745,1394],{"class":937},[56,9747,971],{"class":66},[56,9749,9686],{"class":79},[56,9751,1080],{"class":66},[56,9753,1389],{"class":937},[56,9755,4232],{"class":941},[56,9757,1394],{"class":937},[56,9759,971],{"class":66},[56,9761,1083],{"class":79},[56,9763,8797],{"class":66},[42,9765,9767],{"id":9766},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[14,9769,9770],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[47,9772,9773],{"className":49,"code":9040,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,9774,9775,9805],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9776,9777,9779,9781,9783,9785,9787,9789,9791,9793,9795,9797,9799,9801,9803],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9778,8653],{"class":284},[56,9780,288],{"class":75},[56,9782,8658],{"class":989},[56,9784,67],{"class":66},[56,9786,7149],{"class":8663},[56,9788,288],{"class":75},[56,9790,1394],{"class":937},[56,9792,4476],{"class":941},[56,9794,1394],{"class":937},[56,9796,1080],{"class":66},[56,9798,8676],{"class":8663},[56,9800,288],{"class":75},[56,9802,8681],{"class":79},[56,9804,241],{"class":66},[56,9806,9807,9809,9811,9813],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,9808,63],{"class":62},[56,9810,67],{"class":66},[56,9812,8692],{"class":237},[56,9814,241],{"class":66},[14,9816,9817],{},[3205,9818,130],{},[47,9820,9821],{"className":49,"code":9089,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,9822,9823],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9824,9825,9827,9829,9831,9833,9835,9837,9839,9841,9843,9845,9847,9849,9851,9853],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9826,8766],{"class":66},[56,9828,1394],{"class":937},[56,9830,7149],{"class":941},[56,9832,1394],{"class":937},[56,9834,971],{"class":66},[56,9836,1389],{"class":937},[56,9838,4476],{"class":941},[56,9840,1394],{"class":937},[56,9842,1080],{"class":66},[56,9844,1389],{"class":937},[56,9846,8787],{"class":941},[56,9848,1394],{"class":937},[56,9850,971],{"class":66},[56,9852,8794],{"class":79},[56,9854,8797],{"class":66},[14,9856,9857],{},"In this form:",[26,9859,9860,9868],{},[29,9861,9862,9864,9865],{},[18,9863,7149],{}," becomes the string key ",[18,9866,9867],{},"'name'",[29,9869,9870,9864,9872],{},[18,9871,8787],{},[18,9873,9874],{},"'age'",[14,9876,9877],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[14,9879,9880],{},"Valid examples:",[47,9882,9884],{"className":49,"code":9883,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[18,9885,9886,9924],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9887,9888,9890,9892,9894,9896,9899,9901,9903,9906,9908,9910,9913,9915,9917,9920,9922],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9889,8653],{"class":284},[56,9891,288],{"class":75},[56,9893,8658],{"class":989},[56,9895,67],{"class":66},[56,9897,9898],{"class":8663},"city",[56,9900,288],{"class":75},[56,9902,1394],{"class":937},[56,9904,9905],{"class":941},"Paris",[56,9907,1394],{"class":937},[56,9909,1080],{"class":66},[56,9911,9912],{"class":8663}," country",[56,9914,288],{"class":75},[56,9916,1394],{"class":937},[56,9918,9919],{"class":941},"France",[56,9921,1394],{"class":937},[56,9923,241],{"class":66},[56,9925,9926,9928,9930,9932],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,9927,63],{"class":62},[56,9929,67],{"class":66},[56,9931,8692],{"class":237},[56,9933,241],{"class":66},[14,9935,9936],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[26,9938,9939,9942,9945],{},[29,9940,9941],{},"spaces",[29,9943,9944],{},"hyphens",[29,9946,9947],{},"names that start with numbers",[14,9949,9950,9951,9954],{},"For example, this is ",[3205,9952,9953],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[47,9956,9958],{"className":49,"code":9957,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[18,9959,9960],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9961,9962],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9963,9957],{"class":3123},[14,9965,9966],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[47,9968,9970],{"className":49,"code":9969,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[18,9971,9972,10015],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,9973,9974,9976,9978,9981,9983,9986,9988,9990,9992,9994,9996,9998,10000,10003,10005,10007,10009,10011,10013],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,9975,8653],{"class":284},[56,9977,288],{"class":75},[56,9979,9980],{"class":66}," {",[56,9982,1394],{"class":937},[56,9984,9985],{"class":941},"first-name",[56,9987,1394],{"class":937},[56,9989,971],{"class":66},[56,9991,1389],{"class":937},[56,9993,7158],{"class":941},[56,9995,1394],{"class":937},[56,9997,1080],{"class":66},[56,9999,1389],{"class":937},[56,10001,10002],{"class":941},"first name",[56,10004,1394],{"class":937},[56,10006,971],{"class":66},[56,10008,1389],{"class":937},[56,10010,7158],{"class":941},[56,10012,1394],{"class":937},[56,10014,8797],{"class":66},[56,10016,10017,10019,10021,10023],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,10018,63],{"class":62},[56,10020,67],{"class":66},[56,10022,8692],{"class":237},[56,10024,241],{"class":66},[14,10026,10027],{},[3205,10028,130],{},[47,10030,10032],{"className":49,"code":10031,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[18,10033,10034],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10035,10036,10038,10040,10042,10044,10046,10048,10050,10052,10054,10056,10058,10060,10062,10064,10066,10068],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10037,8766],{"class":66},[56,10039,1394],{"class":937},[56,10041,9985],{"class":941},[56,10043,1394],{"class":937},[56,10045,971],{"class":66},[56,10047,1389],{"class":937},[56,10049,7158],{"class":941},[56,10051,1394],{"class":937},[56,10053,1080],{"class":66},[56,10055,1389],{"class":937},[56,10057,10002],{"class":941},[56,10059,1394],{"class":937},[56,10061,971],{"class":66},[56,10063,1389],{"class":937},[56,10065,7158],{"class":941},[56,10067,1394],{"class":937},[56,10069,8797],{"class":66},[42,10071,10073,10075,10076],{"id":10072},"dict-vs",[18,10074,8607],{}," vs ",[18,10077,3255],{},[14,10079,10080,10081,3862,10083,10085],{},"Both ",[18,10082,8607],{},[18,10084,3255],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[615,10087,153,10089,10091],{"id":10088},"use-when",[18,10090,3255],{}," when:",[26,10093,10094,10097],{},[29,10095,10096],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[29,10098,10099],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[47,10101,10102],{"className":49,"code":9316,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,10103,10104],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10105,10106,10108,10110],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10107,8653],{"class":284},[56,10109,288],{"class":75},[56,10111,9327],{"class":66},[615,10113,153,10115,10091],{"id":10114},"use-dict-when",[18,10116,8607],{},[26,10118,10119,10122,10125],{},[29,10120,10121],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[29,10123,10124],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[29,10126,10127],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[47,10129,10131],{"className":49,"code":10130,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[18,10132,10133,10170],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10134,10135,10137,10139,10141,10143,10145,10147,10149,10151,10153,10155,10157,10159,10161,10163,10165,10167],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10136,8653],{"class":284},[56,10138,288],{"class":75},[56,10140,8658],{"class":989},[56,10142,9146],{"class":66},[56,10144,1394],{"class":937},[56,10146,372],{"class":941},[56,10148,1394],{"class":937},[56,10150,1080],{"class":66},[56,10152,4973],{"class":79},[56,10154,8721],{"class":66},[56,10156,8724],{"class":66},[56,10158,1394],{"class":937},[56,10160,4232],{"class":941},[56,10162,1394],{"class":937},[56,10164,1080],{"class":66},[56,10166,1083],{"class":79},[56,10168,10169],{"class":66},")])\n",[56,10171,10172,10175,10177,10179,10181,10183,10185,10187,10189,10191,10193,10195,10197,10199],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,10173,10174],{"class":284},"info ",[56,10176,288],{"class":75},[56,10178,8658],{"class":989},[56,10180,67],{"class":66},[56,10182,7149],{"class":8663},[56,10184,288],{"class":75},[56,10186,1394],{"class":937},[56,10188,4476],{"class":941},[56,10190,1394],{"class":937},[56,10192,1080],{"class":66},[56,10194,8676],{"class":8663},[56,10196,288],{"class":75},[56,10198,8681],{"class":79},[56,10200,241],{"class":66},[14,10202,10203],{},"So:",[26,10205,10206,10211],{},[29,10207,10208,10210],{},[18,10209,3255],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[29,10212,10213,10215],{},[18,10214,8607],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[14,10217,10218,10219,10223,10224,497],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[372,10220,10222],{"href":10221},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[372,10225,10227,10228,10231],{"href":10226},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[18,10229,10230],{},"get()"," method",[42,10233,10235],{"id":10234},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[14,10237,10238,10239,497],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[18,10240,8607],{},[615,10242,10244],{"id":10243},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[14,10246,3995],{},[47,10248,10250],{"className":49,"code":10249,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[18,10251,10252,10276],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10253,10254,10256,10258,10260,10262,10264,10266,10268,10270,10272,10274],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10255,7261],{"class":284},[56,10257,288],{"class":75},[56,10259,3080],{"class":66},[56,10261,1394],{"class":937},[56,10263,372],{"class":941},[56,10265,1394],{"class":937},[56,10267,1080],{"class":66},[56,10269,1389],{"class":937},[56,10271,4232],{"class":941},[56,10273,1394],{"class":937},[56,10275,3093],{"class":66},[56,10277,10278,10280,10282,10284,10286,10288],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,10279,8653],{"class":284},[56,10281,288],{"class":75},[56,10283,8658],{"class":989},[56,10285,67],{"class":66},[56,10287,7292],{"class":237},[56,10289,241],{"class":66},[14,10291,10292,10293,497],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[18,10294,10295],{},"('a', 1)",[14,10297,10298],{},"Correct version:",[47,10300,10302],{"className":49,"code":10301,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[18,10303,10304,10338,10352],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10305,10306,10308,10310,10312,10314,10316,10318,10320,10322,10324,10326,10328,10330,10332,10334,10336],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10307,7261],{"class":284},[56,10309,288],{"class":75},[56,10311,8708],{"class":66},[56,10313,1394],{"class":937},[56,10315,372],{"class":941},[56,10317,1394],{"class":937},[56,10319,1080],{"class":66},[56,10321,4973],{"class":79},[56,10323,8721],{"class":66},[56,10325,8724],{"class":66},[56,10327,1394],{"class":937},[56,10329,4232],{"class":941},[56,10331,1394],{"class":937},[56,10333,1080],{"class":66},[56,10335,1083],{"class":79},[56,10337,8737],{"class":66},[56,10339,10340,10342,10344,10346,10348,10350],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,10341,8653],{"class":284},[56,10343,288],{"class":75},[56,10345,8658],{"class":989},[56,10347,67],{"class":66},[56,10349,7292],{"class":237},[56,10351,241],{"class":66},[56,10353,10354,10356,10358,10360],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,10355,63],{"class":62},[56,10357,67],{"class":66},[56,10359,8692],{"class":237},[56,10361,241],{"class":66},[615,10363,10365],{"id":10364},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[14,10367,10368],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[47,10370,10372],{"className":49,"code":10371,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[18,10373,10374],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10375,10376],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10377,10371],{"class":3123},[14,10379,10380,10381,971],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[18,10382,288],{},[47,10384,10386],{"className":49,"code":10385,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[18,10387,10388,10410],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10389,10390,10392,10394,10396,10398,10400,10402,10404,10406,10408],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10391,8653],{"class":284},[56,10393,288],{"class":75},[56,10395,8658],{"class":989},[56,10397,67],{"class":66},[56,10399,7149],{"class":8663},[56,10401,288],{"class":75},[56,10403,1394],{"class":937},[56,10405,4476],{"class":941},[56,10407,1394],{"class":937},[56,10409,241],{"class":66},[56,10411,10412,10414,10416,10418],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,10413,63],{"class":62},[56,10415,67],{"class":66},[56,10417,8692],{"class":237},[56,10419,241],{"class":66},[615,10421,10423],{"id":10422},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[14,10425,10426],{},"This will not work:",[47,10428,10429],{"className":49,"code":9957,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,10430,10431],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10432,10433],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10434,9957],{"class":3123},[14,10436,10437],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[47,10439,10441],{"className":49,"code":10440,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[18,10442,10443,10467],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10444,10445,10447,10449,10451,10453,10455,10457,10459,10461,10463,10465],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10446,8653],{"class":284},[56,10448,288],{"class":75},[56,10450,9980],{"class":66},[56,10452,1394],{"class":937},[56,10454,9985],{"class":941},[56,10456,1394],{"class":937},[56,10458,971],{"class":66},[56,10460,1389],{"class":937},[56,10462,7158],{"class":941},[56,10464,1394],{"class":937},[56,10466,8797],{"class":66},[56,10468,10469,10471,10473,10475],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,10470,63],{"class":62},[56,10472,67],{"class":66},[56,10474,8692],{"class":237},[56,10476,241],{"class":66},[615,10478,10480],{"id":10479},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[14,10482,10483],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[47,10485,10487],{"className":49,"code":10486,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[18,10488,10489,10525],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10490,10491,10493,10495,10497,10499,10501,10503,10505,10507,10509,10511,10513,10515,10517,10519,10521,10523],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10492,8653],{"class":284},[56,10494,288],{"class":75},[56,10496,8658],{"class":989},[56,10498,9146],{"class":66},[56,10500,1394],{"class":937},[56,10502,238],{"class":941},[56,10504,1394],{"class":937},[56,10506,1080],{"class":66},[56,10508,4973],{"class":79},[56,10510,8721],{"class":66},[56,10512,8724],{"class":66},[56,10514,1394],{"class":937},[56,10516,238],{"class":941},[56,10518,1394],{"class":937},[56,10520,1080],{"class":66},[56,10522,1083],{"class":79},[56,10524,10169],{"class":66},[56,10526,10527,10529,10531,10533],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,10528,63],{"class":62},[56,10530,67],{"class":66},[56,10532,8692],{"class":237},[56,10534,241],{"class":66},[14,10536,10537],{},[3205,10538,130],{},[47,10540,10542],{"className":49,"code":10541,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'x': 2}\n",[18,10543,10544],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10545,10546,10548,10550,10552,10554,10556,10558],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10547,8766],{"class":66},[56,10549,1394],{"class":937},[56,10551,238],{"class":941},[56,10553,1394],{"class":937},[56,10555,971],{"class":66},[56,10557,1083],{"class":79},[56,10559,8797],{"class":66},[14,10561,10562,10563,497],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[372,10564,10566],{"href":10565},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[42,10568,912],{"id":911},[14,10570,10571,10572,10574],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[18,10573,8607],{}," include:",[26,10576,10577,10587,10593,10596],{},[29,10578,10579,10580,10583,10584],{},"passing a list like ",[18,10581,10582],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[18,10585,10586],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[29,10588,10589,10590],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[18,10591,10592],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[29,10594,10595],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[29,10597,10598,10599,10601],{},"confusing ",[18,10600,8607],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[14,10603,10604],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[47,10606,10608],{"className":49,"code":10607,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[18,10609,10610,10624,10634,10645],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10611,10612,10614,10616,10618,10620,10622],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10613,63],{"class":62},[56,10615,67],{"class":66},[56,10617,1314],{"class":989},[56,10619,67],{"class":66},[56,10621,8692],{"class":237},[56,10623,83],{"class":66},[56,10625,10626,10628,10630,10632],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,10627,63],{"class":62},[56,10629,67],{"class":66},[56,10631,8692],{"class":237},[56,10633,241],{"class":66},[56,10635,10636,10638,10640,10643],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,10637,63],{"class":62},[56,10639,67],{"class":66},[56,10641,10642],{"class":237},"list_of_pairs",[56,10644,241],{"class":66},[56,10646,10647,10649,10651,10654,10656,10658],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,10648,63],{"class":62},[56,10650,67],{"class":66},[56,10652,10653],{"class":62},"len",[56,10655,67],{"class":66},[56,10657,10642],{"class":237},[56,10659,83],{"class":66},[14,10661,10662],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[26,10664,10665,10668,10671],{},[29,10666,10667],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[29,10669,10670],{},"what data is being passed in",[29,10672,10673],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[42,10675,1553],{"id":1552},[615,10677,4653,10679,3862,10681,571],{"id":10678},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[18,10680,8607],{},[18,10682,3255],{},[14,10684,10685,10687,10688,10690],{},[18,10686,3255],{}," is the short literal form. ",[18,10689,8607],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[615,10692,4643,10694,10696],{"id":10693},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[18,10695,8607],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[14,10698,10699,10700,497],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[18,10701,10586],{},[615,10703,4631,10705,10708],{"id":10704},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[18,10706,10707],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[14,10710,10711],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[615,10713,10715,10716,10718],{"id":10714},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[18,10717,8607],{}," keyword arguments?",[14,10720,10721,10722,10725],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[18,10723,10724],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[42,10727,1601],{"id":1600},[26,10729,10730,10735,10739,10744,10750],{},[29,10731,10732],{},[372,10733,10734],{"href":8879},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[29,10736,10737],{},[372,10738,8643],{"href":8642},[29,10740,10741],{},[372,10742,10743],{"href":10221},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[29,10745,10746],{},[372,10747,10227,10748,10231],{"href":10226},[18,10749,10230],{},[29,10751,10752],{},[372,10753,10754],{"href":10565},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1633,10756,10757],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":10759},[10760,10762,10768,10769,10770,10771,10778,10784,10785,10795],{"id":8833,"depth":86,"text":10761},"What dict() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220,"children":10763},[10764,10765,10766,10767],{"id":8890,"depth":102,"text":8891},{"id":8932,"depth":102,"text":8933},{"id":9036,"depth":102,"text":9037},{"id":9126,"depth":102,"text":9127},{"id":9239,"depth":86,"text":8891},{"id":9343,"depth":86,"text":9344},{"id":9766,"depth":86,"text":9767},{"id":10072,"depth":86,"text":10772,"children":10773},"dict() vs {}",[10774,10776],{"id":10088,"depth":102,"text":10775},"Use {} when:",{"id":10114,"depth":102,"text":10777},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10234,"depth":86,"text":10235,"children":10779},[10780,10781,10782,10783],{"id":10243,"depth":102,"text":10244},{"id":10364,"depth":102,"text":10365},{"id":10422,"depth":102,"text":10423},{"id":10479,"depth":102,"text":10480},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":10786},[10787,10789,10791,10793],{"id":10678,"depth":102,"text":10788},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":10693,"depth":102,"text":10790},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":10704,"depth":102,"text":10792},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":10714,"depth":102,"text":10794},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8599,"description":10796},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":10803,"title":10804,"body":10805,"description":12317,"extension":1665,"meta":12318,"navigation":316,"path":12319,"seo":12320,"stem":12321,"__hash__":12322},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":10806,"toc":12286},[10807,10815,10821,10828,10830,10891,10896,10901,10906,10924,10927,10931,10933,10949,10952,10965,10969,10972,11106,11108,11175,11178,11194,11200,11206,11209,11291,11293,11307,11311,11317,11382,11384,11392,11395,11418,11424,11487,11493,11496,11510,11523,11527,11538,11543,11554,11561,11565,11571,11693,11695,11721,11724,11741,11744,11855,11857,11906,11908,11921,11930,11935,11940,11951,11953,12056,12079,12081,12085,12104,12107,12165,12168,12194,12196,12203,12206,12212,12216,12223,12231,12237,12240,12242,12283],[10,10808,10810,10811,10814],{"id":10809},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[18,10812,10813],{},"clear()"," Method",[14,10816,10817,10820],{},[18,10818,10819],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[14,10822,10823,10824,10827],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[3205,10825,10826],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[42,10829,45],{"id":44},[47,10831,10833],{"className":49,"code":10832,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[18,10834,10835,10867,10878],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10836,10837,10839,10841,10843,10845,10847,10849,10851,10853,10855,10857,10859,10861,10863,10865],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10838,8653],{"class":284},[56,10840,288],{"class":75},[56,10842,9980],{"class":66},[56,10844,938],{"class":937},[56,10846,372],{"class":941},[56,10848,938],{"class":937},[56,10850,971],{"class":66},[56,10852,4973],{"class":79},[56,10854,1080],{"class":66},[56,10856,1448],{"class":937},[56,10858,4232],{"class":941},[56,10860,938],{"class":937},[56,10862,971],{"class":66},[56,10864,1083],{"class":79},[56,10866,8797],{"class":66},[56,10868,10869,10871,10873,10876],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,10870,8692],{"class":284},[56,10872,497],{"class":66},[56,10874,10875],{"class":237},"clear",[56,10877,8129],{"class":66},[56,10879,10880,10882,10884,10886,10888],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,10881,63],{"class":62},[56,10883,67],{"class":66},[56,10885,8692],{"class":237},[56,10887,3120],{"class":66},[56,10889,10890],{"class":3123},"  # {}\n",[14,10892,10893,10895],{},[18,10894,10813],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[42,10897,3138,10899,3141],{"id":10898},"what-clear-does",[18,10900,10813],{},[14,10902,16,10903,10905],{},[18,10904,10813],{}," method:",[26,10907,10908,10911,10914,10919],{},[29,10909,10910],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[29,10912,10913],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[29,10915,10916,10917],{},"Returns ",[18,10918,3241],{},[29,10920,10921,10922],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[18,10923,3255],{},[14,10925,10926],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[14,10928,8639,10929,497],{},[372,10930,8643],{"href":8642},[42,10932,220],{"id":219},[47,10934,10936],{"className":49,"code":10935,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict.clear()\n",[18,10937,10938],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10939,10940,10943,10945,10947],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10941,10942],{"class":284},"my_dict",[56,10944,497],{"class":66},[56,10946,10875],{"class":237},[56,10948,8129],{"class":66},[14,10950,10951],{},"Important points:",[26,10953,10954,10959,10962],{},[29,10955,10956,10958],{},[18,10957,10813],{}," takes no arguments",[29,10960,10961],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[29,10963,10964],{},"It empties that dictionary",[42,10966,10968],{"id":10967},"simple-example","Simple example",[14,10970,10971],{},"Here is a basic example:",[47,10973,10975],{"className":49,"code":10974,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[18,10976,10977,10987,11008,11022,11039,11043,11047,11067,11071,11082,11086],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,10978,10979,10982,10984],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,10980,10981],{"class":284},"user ",[56,10983,288],{"class":75},[56,10985,10986],{"class":66}," {\n",[56,10988,10989,10992,10994,10996,10998,11000,11003,11005],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,10990,10991],{"class":937},"    \"",[56,10993,7149],{"class":941},[56,10995,938],{"class":937},[56,10997,971],{"class":66},[56,10999,1448],{"class":937},[56,11001,11002],{"class":941},"Maya",[56,11004,938],{"class":937},[56,11006,11007],{"class":66},",\n",[56,11009,11010,11012,11014,11016,11018,11020],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,11011,10991],{"class":937},[56,11013,8787],{"class":941},[56,11015,938],{"class":937},[56,11017,971],{"class":66},[56,11019,8794],{"class":79},[56,11021,11007],{"class":66},[56,11023,11024,11026,11028,11030,11032,11034,11037],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,11025,10991],{"class":937},[56,11027,9898],{"class":941},[56,11029,938],{"class":937},[56,11031,971],{"class":66},[56,11033,1448],{"class":937},[56,11035,11036],{"class":941},"Berlin",[56,11038,1454],{"class":937},[56,11040,11041],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,11042,8797],{"class":66},[56,11044,11045],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,11046,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,11048,11049,11051,11053,11055,11058,11060,11062,11065],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,11050,63],{"class":62},[56,11052,67],{"class":66},[56,11054,938],{"class":937},[56,11056,11057],{"class":941},"Before:",[56,11059,938],{"class":937},[56,11061,1080],{"class":66},[56,11063,11064],{"class":237}," user",[56,11066,241],{"class":66},[56,11068,11069],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,11070,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,11072,11073,11076,11078,11080],{"class":58,"line":5910},[56,11074,11075],{"class":284},"user",[56,11077,497],{"class":66},[56,11079,10875],{"class":237},[56,11081,8129],{"class":66},[56,11083,11084],{"class":58,"line":5915},[56,11085,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,11087,11089,11091,11093,11095,11098,11100,11102,11104],{"class":58,"line":11088},11,[56,11090,63],{"class":62},[56,11092,67],{"class":66},[56,11094,938],{"class":937},[56,11096,11097],{"class":941},"After:",[56,11099,938],{"class":937},[56,11101,1080],{"class":66},[56,11103,11064],{"class":237},[56,11105,241],{"class":66},[14,11107,5035],{},[47,11109,11111],{"className":49,"code":11110,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[18,11112,11113,11166],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11114,11115,11118,11120,11122,11124,11126,11128,11130,11132,11134,11136,11138,11140,11142,11144,11146,11148,11150,11152,11154,11156,11158,11160,11162,11164],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11116,11117],{"class":284},"Before",[56,11119,971],{"class":66},[56,11121,9980],{"class":66},[56,11123,1394],{"class":937},[56,11125,7149],{"class":941},[56,11127,1394],{"class":937},[56,11129,971],{"class":66},[56,11131,1389],{"class":937},[56,11133,11002],{"class":941},[56,11135,1394],{"class":937},[56,11137,1080],{"class":66},[56,11139,1389],{"class":937},[56,11141,8787],{"class":941},[56,11143,1394],{"class":937},[56,11145,971],{"class":66},[56,11147,8794],{"class":79},[56,11149,1080],{"class":66},[56,11151,1389],{"class":937},[56,11153,9898],{"class":941},[56,11155,1394],{"class":937},[56,11157,971],{"class":66},[56,11159,1389],{"class":937},[56,11161,11036],{"class":941},[56,11163,1394],{"class":937},[56,11165,8797],{"class":66},[56,11167,11168,11171,11173],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,11169,11170],{"class":284},"After",[56,11172,971],{"class":66},[56,11174,9327],{"class":66},[14,11176,11177],{},"What happens here:",[26,11179,11180,11185,11191],{},[29,11181,11182,11184],{},[18,11183,11075],{}," starts with three items",[29,11186,11187,11190],{},[18,11188,11189],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[29,11192,11193],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[42,11195,3138,11197,11199],{"id":11196},"what-clear-returns",[18,11198,10813],{}," returns",[14,11201,11202,473,11204,497],{},[18,11203,10813],{},[18,11205,3241],{},[14,11207,11208],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[47,11210,11212],{"className":49,"code":11211,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[18,11213,11214,11248,11252,11267,11271,11281],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11215,11216,11219,11221,11223,11225,11227,11229,11231,11233,11235,11237,11240,11242,11244,11246],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11217,11218],{"class":284},"my_dict ",[56,11220,288],{"class":75},[56,11222,9980],{"class":66},[56,11224,938],{"class":937},[56,11226,238],{"class":941},[56,11228,938],{"class":937},[56,11230,971],{"class":66},[56,11232,4973],{"class":79},[56,11234,1080],{"class":66},[56,11236,1448],{"class":937},[56,11238,11239],{"class":941},"y",[56,11241,938],{"class":937},[56,11243,971],{"class":66},[56,11245,1083],{"class":79},[56,11247,8797],{"class":66},[56,11249,11250],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,11251,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,11253,11254,11256,11258,11261,11263,11265],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,11255,299],{"class":284},[56,11257,288],{"class":75},[56,11259,11260],{"class":284}," my_dict",[56,11262,497],{"class":66},[56,11264,10875],{"class":237},[56,11266,8129],{"class":66},[56,11268,11269],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,11270,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,11272,11273,11275,11277,11279],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,11274,63],{"class":62},[56,11276,67],{"class":66},[56,11278,338],{"class":237},[56,11280,241],{"class":66},[56,11282,11283,11285,11287,11289],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,11284,63],{"class":62},[56,11286,67],{"class":66},[56,11288,10942],{"class":237},[56,11290,241],{"class":66},[14,11292,130],{},[47,11294,11296],{"className":49,"code":11295,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"None\n{}\n",[18,11297,11298,11303],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11299,11300],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11301,11302],{"class":3316},"None\n",[56,11304,11305],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,11306,8923],{"class":66},[615,11308,11310],{"id":11309},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[14,11312,11313,11314,11316],{},"Do ",[3205,11315,4101],{}," do this:",[47,11318,11320],{"className":49,"code":11319,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[18,11321,11322,11354,11368,11372],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11323,11324,11326,11328,11330,11332,11334,11336,11338,11340,11342,11344,11346,11348,11350,11352],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11325,11218],{"class":284},[56,11327,288],{"class":75},[56,11329,9980],{"class":66},[56,11331,938],{"class":937},[56,11333,238],{"class":941},[56,11335,938],{"class":937},[56,11337,971],{"class":66},[56,11339,4973],{"class":79},[56,11341,1080],{"class":66},[56,11343,1448],{"class":937},[56,11345,11239],{"class":941},[56,11347,938],{"class":937},[56,11349,971],{"class":66},[56,11351,1083],{"class":79},[56,11353,8797],{"class":66},[56,11355,11356,11358,11360,11362,11364,11366],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,11357,11218],{"class":284},[56,11359,288],{"class":75},[56,11361,11260],{"class":284},[56,11363,497],{"class":66},[56,11365,10875],{"class":237},[56,11367,8129],{"class":66},[56,11369,11370],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,11371,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,11373,11374,11376,11378,11380],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,11375,63],{"class":62},[56,11377,67],{"class":66},[56,11379,10942],{"class":237},[56,11381,241],{"class":66},[14,11383,130],{},[47,11385,11386],{"className":49,"code":11302,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,11387,11388],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11389,11390],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11391,11302],{"class":3316},[14,11393,11394],{},"Why this happens:",[26,11396,11397,11403,11408],{},[29,11398,11399,11402],{},[18,11400,11401],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[29,11404,11405,11406],{},"The method returns ",[18,11407,3241],{},[29,11409,11410,11411,11414,11415,11417],{},"Then ",[18,11412,11413],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[18,11416,3241],{}," in the variable",[14,11419,11420,11421,11423],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[18,11422,10813],{}," by itself:",[47,11425,11427],{"className":49,"code":11426,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[18,11428,11429,11461,11471,11475],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11430,11431,11433,11435,11437,11439,11441,11443,11445,11447,11449,11451,11453,11455,11457,11459],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11432,11218],{"class":284},[56,11434,288],{"class":75},[56,11436,9980],{"class":66},[56,11438,938],{"class":937},[56,11440,238],{"class":941},[56,11442,938],{"class":937},[56,11444,971],{"class":66},[56,11446,4973],{"class":79},[56,11448,1080],{"class":66},[56,11450,1448],{"class":937},[56,11452,11239],{"class":941},[56,11454,938],{"class":937},[56,11456,971],{"class":66},[56,11458,1083],{"class":79},[56,11460,8797],{"class":66},[56,11462,11463,11465,11467,11469],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,11464,10942],{"class":284},[56,11466,497],{"class":66},[56,11468,10875],{"class":237},[56,11470,8129],{"class":66},[56,11472,11473],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,11474,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,11476,11477,11479,11481,11483,11485],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,11478,63],{"class":62},[56,11480,67],{"class":66},[56,11482,10942],{"class":237},[56,11484,3120],{"class":66},[56,11486,10890],{"class":3123},[42,11488,11490,11492],{"id":11489},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[18,11491,10813],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[14,11494,11495],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[47,11497,11498],{"className":49,"code":10935,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,11499,11500],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11501,11502,11504,11506,11508],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11503,10942],{"class":284},[56,11505,497],{"class":66},[56,11507,10875],{"class":237},[56,11509,8129],{"class":66},[47,11511,11513],{"className":49,"code":11512,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {}\n",[18,11514,11515],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11516,11517,11519,11521],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11518,11218],{"class":284},[56,11520,288],{"class":75},[56,11522,9327],{"class":66},[615,11524,11525],{"id":10875},[18,11526,10813],{},[26,11528,11529,11532,11535],{},[29,11530,11531],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[29,11533,11534],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[29,11536,11537],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[615,11539,11540],{"id":10942},[18,11541,11542],{},"my_dict = {}",[26,11544,11545,11548,11551],{},[29,11546,11547],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[29,11549,11550],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[29,11552,11553],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[14,11555,11556,11557,497],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[372,11558,11560],{"href":11559},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[42,11562,11564],{"id":11563},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[14,11566,11567,11568,11570],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[18,11569,10813],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[47,11572,11574],{"className":49,"code":11573,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[18,11575,11576,11609,11619,11623,11634,11638,11658,11678],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11577,11578,11581,11583,11585,11587,11589,11591,11593,11595,11597,11599,11601,11603,11605,11607],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11579,11580],{"class":284},"original ",[56,11582,288],{"class":75},[56,11584,9980],{"class":66},[56,11586,938],{"class":937},[56,11588,372],{"class":941},[56,11590,938],{"class":937},[56,11592,971],{"class":66},[56,11594,4973],{"class":79},[56,11596,1080],{"class":66},[56,11598,1448],{"class":937},[56,11600,4232],{"class":941},[56,11602,938],{"class":937},[56,11604,971],{"class":66},[56,11606,1083],{"class":79},[56,11608,8797],{"class":66},[56,11610,11611,11614,11616],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,11612,11613],{"class":284},"other_ref ",[56,11615,288],{"class":75},[56,11617,11618],{"class":284}," original\n",[56,11620,11621],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,11622,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,11624,11625,11628,11630,11632],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,11626,11627],{"class":284},"original",[56,11629,497],{"class":66},[56,11631,10875],{"class":237},[56,11633,8129],{"class":66},[56,11635,11636],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,11637,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,11639,11640,11642,11644,11646,11649,11651,11653,11656],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,11641,63],{"class":62},[56,11643,67],{"class":66},[56,11645,938],{"class":937},[56,11647,11648],{"class":941},"original:",[56,11650,938],{"class":937},[56,11652,1080],{"class":66},[56,11654,11655],{"class":237}," original",[56,11657,241],{"class":66},[56,11659,11660,11662,11664,11666,11669,11671,11673,11676],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,11661,63],{"class":62},[56,11663,67],{"class":66},[56,11665,938],{"class":937},[56,11667,11668],{"class":941},"other_ref:",[56,11670,938],{"class":937},[56,11672,1080],{"class":66},[56,11674,11675],{"class":237}," other_ref",[56,11677,241],{"class":66},[56,11679,11680,11682,11684,11686,11689,11691],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,11681,63],{"class":62},[56,11683,67],{"class":66},[56,11685,11580],{"class":237},[56,11687,11688],{"class":3341},"is",[56,11690,11675],{"class":237},[56,11692,241],{"class":66},[14,11694,130],{},[47,11696,11698],{"className":49,"code":11697,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[18,11699,11700,11708,11717],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11701,11702,11704,11706],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11703,11627],{"class":284},[56,11705,971],{"class":66},[56,11707,9327],{"class":66},[56,11709,11710,11713,11715],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,11711,11712],{"class":284},"other_ref",[56,11714,971],{"class":66},[56,11716,9327],{"class":66},[56,11718,11719],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,11720,3446],{"class":3316},[14,11722,11723],{},"This shows:",[26,11725,11726,11733,11738],{},[29,11727,11728,3862,11730,11732],{},[18,11729,11627],{},[18,11731,11712],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[29,11734,11735,11737],{},[18,11736,10813],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[29,11739,11740],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[14,11742,11743],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[47,11745,11747],{"className":49,"code":11746,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[18,11748,11749,11781,11789,11793,11801,11805,11823,11841],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11750,11751,11753,11755,11757,11759,11761,11763,11765,11767,11769,11771,11773,11775,11777,11779],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11752,11580],{"class":284},[56,11754,288],{"class":75},[56,11756,9980],{"class":66},[56,11758,938],{"class":937},[56,11760,372],{"class":941},[56,11762,938],{"class":937},[56,11764,971],{"class":66},[56,11766,4973],{"class":79},[56,11768,1080],{"class":66},[56,11770,1448],{"class":937},[56,11772,4232],{"class":941},[56,11774,938],{"class":937},[56,11776,971],{"class":66},[56,11778,1083],{"class":79},[56,11780,8797],{"class":66},[56,11782,11783,11785,11787],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,11784,11613],{"class":284},[56,11786,288],{"class":75},[56,11788,11618],{"class":284},[56,11790,11791],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,11792,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,11794,11795,11797,11799],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,11796,11580],{"class":284},[56,11798,288],{"class":75},[56,11800,9327],{"class":66},[56,11802,11803],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,11804,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,11806,11807,11809,11811,11813,11815,11817,11819,11821],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,11808,63],{"class":62},[56,11810,67],{"class":66},[56,11812,938],{"class":937},[56,11814,11648],{"class":941},[56,11816,938],{"class":937},[56,11818,1080],{"class":66},[56,11820,11655],{"class":237},[56,11822,241],{"class":66},[56,11824,11825,11827,11829,11831,11833,11835,11837,11839],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,11826,63],{"class":62},[56,11828,67],{"class":66},[56,11830,938],{"class":937},[56,11832,11668],{"class":941},[56,11834,938],{"class":937},[56,11836,1080],{"class":66},[56,11838,11675],{"class":237},[56,11840,241],{"class":66},[56,11842,11843,11845,11847,11849,11851,11853],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,11844,63],{"class":62},[56,11846,67],{"class":66},[56,11848,11580],{"class":237},[56,11850,11688],{"class":3341},[56,11852,11675],{"class":237},[56,11854,241],{"class":66},[14,11856,130],{},[47,11858,11860],{"className":49,"code":11859,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[18,11861,11862,11870,11902],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11863,11864,11866,11868],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11865,11627],{"class":284},[56,11867,971],{"class":66},[56,11869,9327],{"class":66},[56,11871,11872,11874,11876,11878,11880,11882,11884,11886,11888,11890,11892,11894,11896,11898,11900],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,11873,11712],{"class":284},[56,11875,971],{"class":66},[56,11877,9980],{"class":66},[56,11879,1394],{"class":937},[56,11881,372],{"class":941},[56,11883,1394],{"class":937},[56,11885,971],{"class":66},[56,11887,4973],{"class":79},[56,11889,1080],{"class":66},[56,11891,1389],{"class":937},[56,11893,4232],{"class":941},[56,11895,1394],{"class":937},[56,11897,971],{"class":66},[56,11899,1083],{"class":79},[56,11901,8797],{"class":66},[56,11903,11904],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,11905,3507],{"class":3316},[14,11907,244],{},[26,11909,11910,11916],{},[29,11911,11912,11915],{},[18,11913,11914],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[29,11917,11918,11920],{},[18,11919,11712],{}," still points to the old one",[14,11922,11923,11924,497],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[372,11925,11927],{"href":11926},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[18,11928,11929],{},"dict.copy()",[42,11931,4433,11933],{"id":11932},"when-to-use-clear",[18,11934,10813],{},[14,11936,11937,11939],{},[18,11938,10813],{}," is useful when you want to:",[26,11941,11942,11945,11948],{},[29,11943,11944],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[29,11946,11947],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[29,11949,11950],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[14,11952,274],{},[47,11954,11956],{"className":49,"code":11955,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[18,11957,11958,11967,11983,12003,12016,12020,12024,12029,12040,12044],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,11959,11960,11963,11965],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,11961,11962],{"class":284},"session_data ",[56,11964,288],{"class":75},[56,11966,10986],{"class":66},[56,11968,11969,11971,11974,11976,11978,11981],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,11970,10991],{"class":937},[56,11972,11973],{"class":941},"user_id",[56,11975,938],{"class":937},[56,11977,971],{"class":66},[56,11979,11980],{"class":79}," 101",[56,11982,11007],{"class":66},[56,11984,11985,11987,11990,11992,11994,11996,11999,12001],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,11986,10991],{"class":937},[56,11988,11989],{"class":941},"theme",[56,11991,938],{"class":937},[56,11993,971],{"class":66},[56,11995,1448],{"class":937},[56,11997,11998],{"class":941},"dark",[56,12000,938],{"class":937},[56,12002,11007],{"class":66},[56,12004,12005,12007,12010,12012,12014],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,12006,10991],{"class":937},[56,12008,12009],{"class":941},"logged_in",[56,12011,938],{"class":937},[56,12013,971],{"class":66},[56,12015,5901],{"class":3316},[56,12017,12018],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,12019,8797],{"class":66},[56,12021,12022],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,12023,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,12025,12026],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,12027,12028],{"class":3123},"# Reset for a new session\n",[56,12030,12031,12034,12036,12038],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,12032,12033],{"class":284},"session_data",[56,12035,497],{"class":66},[56,12037,10875],{"class":237},[56,12039,8129],{"class":66},[56,12041,12042],{"class":58,"line":5910},[56,12043,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,12045,12046,12048,12050,12052,12054],{"class":58,"line":5915},[56,12047,63],{"class":62},[56,12049,67],{"class":66},[56,12051,12033],{"class":237},[56,12053,3120],{"class":66},[56,12055,10890],{"class":3123},[14,12057,12058,12059,12065,12066,497,12070,12072,12073,497],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[372,12060,12062],{"href":12061},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[18,12063,12064],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[372,12067,12069],{"href":12068},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9335,12071],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[372,12074,12076],{"href":12075},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[18,12077,12078],{},"dict.popitem()",[42,12080,912],{"id":911},[14,12082,10238,12083,971],{},[18,12084,10813],{},[26,12086,12087,12093,12098,12101],{},[29,12088,12089,12090,12092],{},"Assigning the result of ",[18,12091,10813],{}," to a variable",[29,12094,7938,12095,12097],{},[18,12096,10813],{}," to return a new dictionary",[29,12099,12100],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[29,12102,12103],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[14,12105,12106],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[47,12108,12110],{"className":49,"code":12109,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[18,12111,12112,12122,12136,12151],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12113,12114,12116,12118,12120],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12115,63],{"class":62},[56,12117,67],{"class":66},[56,12119,10942],{"class":237},[56,12121,241],{"class":66},[56,12123,12124,12126,12128,12130,12132,12134],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,12125,63],{"class":62},[56,12127,67],{"class":66},[56,12129,1314],{"class":989},[56,12131,67],{"class":66},[56,12133,10942],{"class":237},[56,12135,83],{"class":66},[56,12137,12138,12140,12142,12145,12147,12149],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,12139,63],{"class":62},[56,12141,67],{"class":66},[56,12143,12144],{"class":62},"id",[56,12146,67],{"class":66},[56,12148,10942],{"class":237},[56,12150,83],{"class":66},[56,12152,12153,12155,12157,12159,12161,12163],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,12154,63],{"class":62},[56,12156,67],{"class":66},[56,12158,11613],{"class":237},[56,12160,11688],{"class":3341},[56,12162,11260],{"class":237},[56,12164,241],{"class":66},[14,12166,12167],{},"What these show:",[26,12169,12170,12176,12182,12188],{},[29,12171,12172,12175],{},[18,12173,12174],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[29,12177,12178,12181],{},[18,12179,12180],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[29,12183,12184,12187],{},[18,12185,12186],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[29,12189,12190,12193],{},[18,12191,12192],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[42,12195,1553],{"id":1552},[615,12197,12199,12200,12202],{"id":12198},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[18,12201,10813],{}," delete the dictionary?",[14,12204,12205],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[615,12207,4615,12209,12211],{"id":12208},"what-does-dictclear-return",[18,12210,10819],{}," return?",[14,12213,4621,12214,497],{},[18,12215,3241],{},[615,12217,4653,12219,3862,12221,571],{"id":12218},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[18,12220,10813],{},[18,12222,3255],{},[14,12224,12225,12227,12228,12230],{},[18,12226,10813],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[18,12229,3255],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[615,12232,12199,12234,12236],{"id":12233},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[18,12235,10813],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[14,12238,12239],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[42,12241,1601],{"id":1600},[26,12243,12244,12248,12252,12259,12266,12273,12278],{},[29,12245,12246],{},[372,12247,8643],{"href":8642},[29,12249,12250],{},[372,12251,10734],{"href":8879},[29,12253,12254],{},[372,12255,10227,12256,10231],{"href":12061},[18,12257,12258],{},"pop()",[29,12260,12261],{},[372,12262,10227,12263,10231],{"href":12075},[18,12264,12265],{},"popitem()",[29,12267,12268],{},[372,12269,10227,12270,10231],{"href":11926},[18,12271,12272],{},"copy()",[29,12274,12275],{},[372,12276,12277],{"href":11559},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[29,12279,12280],{},[372,12281,12282],{"href":12068},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1633,12284,12285],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":12287},[12288,12289,12291,12292,12293,12297,12302,12303,12305,12306,12316],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":10898,"depth":86,"text":12290},"What clear() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":10967,"depth":86,"text":10968},{"id":11196,"depth":86,"text":12294,"children":12295},"What clear() returns",[12296],{"id":11309,"depth":102,"text":11310},{"id":11489,"depth":86,"text":12298,"children":12299},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12300,12301],{"id":10875,"depth":102,"text":10813},{"id":10942,"depth":102,"text":11542},{"id":11563,"depth":86,"text":11564},{"id":11932,"depth":86,"text":12304},"When to use clear()",{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":12307},[12308,12310,12312,12314],{"id":12198,"depth":102,"text":12309},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12208,"depth":102,"text":12311},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12218,"depth":102,"text":12313},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12233,"depth":102,"text":12315},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":10804,"description":12317},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12324,"title":12325,"body":12326,"description":14495,"extension":1665,"meta":14496,"navigation":316,"path":14497,"seo":14498,"stem":14499,"__hash__":14500},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12327,"toc":14467},[12328,12333,12338,12348,12350,12439,12443,12484,12489,12496,12514,12523,12525,12546,12549,12561,12563,12642,12646,12687,12689,12692,12820,12824,12904,12907,12925,12928,12932,12938,12940,12951,12953,13148,13152,13258,13261,13279,13282,13289,13294,13298,13312,13314,13441,13445,13525,13538,13544,13547,13555,13559,13685,13689,13763,13768,13899,13903,13977,13980,13994,13998,14002,14016,14018,14154,14158,14227,14229,14234,14256,14259,14366,14369,14380,14387,14389,14395,14398,14405,14408,14415,14423,14427,14430,14432,14464],[10,12329,10810,12331,10814],{"id":12330},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[18,12332,12272],{},[14,12334,12335,12337],{},[18,12336,11929],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[14,12339,12340,12341,12343,12344,12347],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[18,12342,12272],{}," makes a ",[3205,12345,12346],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[42,12349,45],{"id":44},[47,12351,12353],{"className":49,"code":12352,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[18,12354,12355,12393,12410,12414,12425],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12356,12357,12360,12362,12364,12366,12368,12370,12372,12374,12377,12379,12381,12383,12385,12387,12389,12391],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12358,12359],{"class":284},"student ",[56,12361,288],{"class":75},[56,12363,9980],{"class":66},[56,12365,938],{"class":937},[56,12367,7149],{"class":941},[56,12369,938],{"class":937},[56,12371,971],{"class":66},[56,12373,1448],{"class":937},[56,12375,12376],{"class":941},"Ana",[56,12378,938],{"class":937},[56,12380,1080],{"class":66},[56,12382,1448],{"class":937},[56,12384,8787],{"class":941},[56,12386,938],{"class":937},[56,12388,971],{"class":66},[56,12390,7272],{"class":79},[56,12392,8797],{"class":66},[56,12394,12395,12398,12400,12403,12405,12408],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,12396,12397],{"class":284},"student_copy ",[56,12399,288],{"class":75},[56,12401,12402],{"class":284}," student",[56,12404,497],{"class":66},[56,12406,12407],{"class":237},"copy",[56,12409,8129],{"class":66},[56,12411,12412],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,12413,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,12415,12416,12418,12420,12423],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,12417,63],{"class":62},[56,12419,67],{"class":66},[56,12421,12422],{"class":237},"student_copy",[56,12424,241],{"class":66},[56,12426,12427,12429,12431,12433,12435,12437],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,12428,63],{"class":62},[56,12430,67],{"class":66},[56,12432,12397],{"class":237},[56,12434,11688],{"class":3341},[56,12436,12402],{"class":237},[56,12438,241],{"class":66},[14,12440,12441],{},[3205,12442,130],{},[47,12444,12446],{"className":49,"code":12445,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[18,12447,12448,12480],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12449,12450,12452,12454,12456,12458,12460,12462,12464,12466,12468,12470,12472,12474,12476,12478],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12451,8766],{"class":66},[56,12453,1394],{"class":937},[56,12455,7149],{"class":941},[56,12457,1394],{"class":937},[56,12459,971],{"class":66},[56,12461,1389],{"class":937},[56,12463,12376],{"class":941},[56,12465,1394],{"class":937},[56,12467,1080],{"class":66},[56,12469,1389],{"class":937},[56,12471,8787],{"class":941},[56,12473,1394],{"class":937},[56,12475,971],{"class":66},[56,12477,7272],{"class":79},[56,12479,8797],{"class":66},[56,12481,12482],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,12483,3507],{"class":3316},[14,12485,153,12486,12488],{},[18,12487,12272],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[42,12490,12492,12493,12495],{"id":12491},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[18,12494,12272],{}," method does",[26,12497,12498,12503,12506,12511],{},[29,12499,12500,12502],{},[18,12501,11929],{}," returns a new dictionary",[29,12504,12505],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[29,12507,12508,12509],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[18,12510,12272],{},[29,12512,12513],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[14,12515,12516,12517,964,12520,497],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[372,12518,8643],{"href":12519},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[372,12521,8880],{"href":12522},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[42,12524,220],{"id":219},[47,12526,12528],{"className":49,"code":12527,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[18,12529,12530],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12531,12532,12535,12537,12540,12542,12544],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12533,12534],{"class":284},"new_dict ",[56,12536,288],{"class":75},[56,12538,12539],{"class":284}," old_dict",[56,12541,497],{"class":66},[56,12543,12407],{"class":237},[56,12545,8129],{"class":66},[14,12547,12548],{},"Key points:",[26,12550,12551,12555,12558],{},[29,12552,12553,10958],{},[18,12554,12272],{},[29,12556,12557],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[29,12559,12560],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[14,12562,274],{},[47,12564,12566],{"className":49,"code":12565,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,12567,12568,12611,12627,12631],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12569,12570,12573,12575,12577,12579,12581,12583,12585,12587,12590,12592,12594,12596,12598,12600,12602,12604,12607,12609],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12571,12572],{"class":284},"colors ",[56,12574,288],{"class":75},[56,12576,9980],{"class":66},[56,12578,938],{"class":937},[56,12580,372],{"class":941},[56,12582,938],{"class":937},[56,12584,971],{"class":66},[56,12586,1448],{"class":937},[56,12588,12589],{"class":941},"red",[56,12591,938],{"class":937},[56,12593,1080],{"class":66},[56,12595,1448],{"class":937},[56,12597,4232],{"class":941},[56,12599,938],{"class":937},[56,12601,971],{"class":66},[56,12603,1448],{"class":937},[56,12605,12606],{"class":941},"blue",[56,12608,938],{"class":937},[56,12610,8797],{"class":66},[56,12612,12613,12616,12618,12621,12623,12625],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,12614,12615],{"class":284},"new_colors ",[56,12617,288],{"class":75},[56,12619,12620],{"class":284}," colors",[56,12622,497],{"class":66},[56,12624,12407],{"class":237},[56,12626,8129],{"class":66},[56,12628,12629],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,12630,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,12632,12633,12635,12637,12640],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,12634,63],{"class":62},[56,12636,67],{"class":66},[56,12638,12639],{"class":237},"new_colors",[56,12641,241],{"class":66},[14,12643,12644],{},[3205,12645,130],{},[47,12647,12649],{"className":49,"code":12648,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[18,12650,12651],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12652,12653,12655,12657,12659,12661,12663,12665,12667,12669,12671,12673,12675,12677,12679,12681,12683,12685],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12654,8766],{"class":66},[56,12656,1394],{"class":937},[56,12658,372],{"class":941},[56,12660,1394],{"class":937},[56,12662,971],{"class":66},[56,12664,1389],{"class":937},[56,12666,12589],{"class":941},[56,12668,1394],{"class":937},[56,12670,1080],{"class":66},[56,12672,1389],{"class":937},[56,12674,4232],{"class":941},[56,12676,1394],{"class":937},[56,12678,971],{"class":66},[56,12680,1389],{"class":937},[56,12682,12606],{"class":941},[56,12684,1394],{"class":937},[56,12686,8797],{"class":66},[42,12688,10968],{"id":10967},[14,12690,12691],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[47,12693,12695],{"className":49,"code":12694,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[18,12696,12697,12735,12751,12755,12777,12781,12800],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12698,12699,12702,12704,12706,12708,12710,12712,12714,12716,12719,12721,12723,12725,12727,12729,12731,12733],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12700,12701],{"class":284},"person ",[56,12703,288],{"class":75},[56,12705,9980],{"class":66},[56,12707,938],{"class":937},[56,12709,7149],{"class":941},[56,12711,938],{"class":937},[56,12713,971],{"class":66},[56,12715,1448],{"class":937},[56,12717,12718],{"class":941},"Liam",[56,12720,938],{"class":937},[56,12722,1080],{"class":66},[56,12724,1448],{"class":937},[56,12726,8787],{"class":941},[56,12728,938],{"class":937},[56,12730,971],{"class":66},[56,12732,8794],{"class":79},[56,12734,8797],{"class":66},[56,12736,12737,12740,12742,12745,12747,12749],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,12738,12739],{"class":284},"person_copy ",[56,12741,288],{"class":75},[56,12743,12744],{"class":284}," person",[56,12746,497],{"class":66},[56,12748,12407],{"class":237},[56,12750,8129],{"class":66},[56,12752,12753],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,12754,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,12756,12757,12760,12762,12764,12766,12768,12771,12774],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,12758,12759],{"class":284},"person_copy",[56,12761,3366],{"class":66},[56,12763,938],{"class":937},[56,12765,8787],{"class":941},[56,12767,938],{"class":937},[56,12769,12770],{"class":66},"]",[56,12772,12773],{"class":75}," =",[56,12775,12776],{"class":79}," 26\n",[56,12778,12779],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,12780,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,12782,12783,12785,12787,12789,12792,12794,12796,12798],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,12784,63],{"class":62},[56,12786,67],{"class":66},[56,12788,938],{"class":937},[56,12790,12791],{"class":941},"Original:",[56,12793,938],{"class":937},[56,12795,1080],{"class":66},[56,12797,12744],{"class":237},[56,12799,241],{"class":66},[56,12801,12802,12804,12806,12808,12811,12813,12815,12818],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,12803,63],{"class":62},[56,12805,67],{"class":66},[56,12807,938],{"class":937},[56,12809,12810],{"class":941},"Copy:",[56,12812,938],{"class":937},[56,12814,1080],{"class":66},[56,12816,12817],{"class":237}," person_copy",[56,12819,241],{"class":66},[14,12821,12822],{},[3205,12823,130],{},[47,12825,12827],{"className":49,"code":12826,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[18,12828,12829,12866],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12830,12831,12834,12836,12838,12840,12842,12844,12846,12848,12850,12852,12854,12856,12858,12860,12862,12864],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12832,12833],{"class":284},"Original",[56,12835,971],{"class":66},[56,12837,9980],{"class":66},[56,12839,1394],{"class":937},[56,12841,7149],{"class":941},[56,12843,1394],{"class":937},[56,12845,971],{"class":66},[56,12847,1389],{"class":937},[56,12849,12718],{"class":941},[56,12851,1394],{"class":937},[56,12853,1080],{"class":66},[56,12855,1389],{"class":937},[56,12857,8787],{"class":941},[56,12859,1394],{"class":937},[56,12861,971],{"class":66},[56,12863,8794],{"class":79},[56,12865,8797],{"class":66},[56,12867,12868,12871,12873,12875,12877,12879,12881,12883,12885,12887,12889,12891,12893,12895,12897,12899,12902],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,12869,12870],{"class":284},"Copy",[56,12872,971],{"class":66},[56,12874,9980],{"class":66},[56,12876,1394],{"class":937},[56,12878,7149],{"class":941},[56,12880,1394],{"class":937},[56,12882,971],{"class":66},[56,12884,1389],{"class":937},[56,12886,12718],{"class":941},[56,12888,1394],{"class":937},[56,12890,1080],{"class":66},[56,12892,1389],{"class":937},[56,12894,8787],{"class":941},[56,12896,1394],{"class":937},[56,12898,971],{"class":66},[56,12900,12901],{"class":79}," 26",[56,12903,8797],{"class":66},[14,12905,12906],{},"What happened here:",[26,12908,12909,12915,12922],{},[29,12910,12911,12914],{},[18,12912,12913],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[29,12916,12917,12918,12921],{},"Changing ",[18,12919,12920],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[29,12923,12924],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[14,12926,12927],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[42,12929,12931],{"id":12930},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[14,12933,12934,12343,12936,497],{},[18,12935,12272],{},[3205,12937,12346],{},[14,12939,168],{},[26,12941,12942,12945,12948],{},[29,12943,12944],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[29,12946,12947],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[29,12949,12950],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[14,12952,274],{},[47,12954,12956],{"className":49,"code":12955,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[18,12957,12958,12966,12984,13007,13011,13015,13029,13033,13058,13062,13080,13099,13114],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,12959,12960,12962,12964],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,12961,12359],{"class":284},[56,12963,288],{"class":75},[56,12965,10986],{"class":66},[56,12967,12968,12970,12972,12974,12976,12978,12980,12982],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,12969,10991],{"class":937},[56,12971,7149],{"class":941},[56,12973,938],{"class":937},[56,12975,971],{"class":66},[56,12977,1448],{"class":937},[56,12979,12376],{"class":941},[56,12981,938],{"class":937},[56,12983,11007],{"class":66},[56,12985,12986,12988,12991,12993,12995,12997,13000,13002,13005],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,12987,10991],{"class":937},[56,12989,12990],{"class":941},"grades",[56,12992,938],{"class":937},[56,12994,971],{"class":66},[56,12996,3080],{"class":66},[56,12998,12999],{"class":79},"90",[56,13001,1080],{"class":66},[56,13003,13004],{"class":79}," 85",[56,13006,3093],{"class":66},[56,13008,13009],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,13010,8797],{"class":66},[56,13012,13013],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,13014,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,13016,13017,13019,13021,13023,13025,13027],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,13018,12397],{"class":284},[56,13020,288],{"class":75},[56,13022,12402],{"class":284},[56,13024,497],{"class":66},[56,13026,12407],{"class":237},[56,13028,8129],{"class":66},[56,13030,13031],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,13032,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,13034,13035,13037,13039,13041,13043,13045,13048,13051,13053,13056],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,13036,12422],{"class":284},[56,13038,3366],{"class":66},[56,13040,938],{"class":937},[56,13042,12990],{"class":941},[56,13044,938],{"class":937},[56,13046,13047],{"class":66},"].",[56,13049,13050],{"class":237},"append",[56,13052,67],{"class":66},[56,13054,13055],{"class":79},"100",[56,13057,241],{"class":66},[56,13059,13060],{"class":58,"line":5910},[56,13061,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,13063,13064,13066,13068,13070,13072,13074,13076,13078],{"class":58,"line":5915},[56,13065,63],{"class":62},[56,13067,67],{"class":66},[56,13069,938],{"class":937},[56,13071,12791],{"class":941},[56,13073,938],{"class":937},[56,13075,1080],{"class":66},[56,13077,12402],{"class":237},[56,13079,241],{"class":66},[56,13081,13082,13084,13086,13088,13090,13092,13094,13097],{"class":58,"line":11088},[56,13083,63],{"class":62},[56,13085,67],{"class":66},[56,13087,938],{"class":937},[56,13089,12810],{"class":941},[56,13091,938],{"class":937},[56,13093,1080],{"class":66},[56,13095,13096],{"class":237}," student_copy",[56,13098,241],{"class":66},[56,13100,13102,13104,13106,13108,13110,13112],{"class":58,"line":13101},12,[56,13103,63],{"class":62},[56,13105,67],{"class":66},[56,13107,12359],{"class":237},[56,13109,11688],{"class":3341},[56,13111,13096],{"class":237},[56,13113,241],{"class":66},[56,13115,13117,13119,13121,13124,13126,13128,13130,13132,13134,13136,13138,13140,13142,13144,13146],{"class":58,"line":13116},13,[56,13118,63],{"class":62},[56,13120,67],{"class":66},[56,13122,13123],{"class":237},"student",[56,13125,3366],{"class":66},[56,13127,938],{"class":937},[56,13129,12990],{"class":941},[56,13131,938],{"class":937},[56,13133,12770],{"class":66},[56,13135,7580],{"class":3341},[56,13137,13096],{"class":237},[56,13139,3366],{"class":66},[56,13141,938],{"class":937},[56,13143,12990],{"class":941},[56,13145,938],{"class":937},[56,13147,3354],{"class":66},[14,13149,13150],{},[3205,13151,130],{},[47,13153,13155],{"className":49,"code":13154,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,13156,13157,13204,13250,13254],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,13158,13159,13161,13163,13165,13167,13169,13171,13173,13175,13177,13179,13181,13183,13185,13187,13189,13191,13193,13195,13197,13199,13201],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,13160,12833],{"class":284},[56,13162,971],{"class":66},[56,13164,9980],{"class":66},[56,13166,1394],{"class":937},[56,13168,7149],{"class":941},[56,13170,1394],{"class":937},[56,13172,971],{"class":66},[56,13174,1389],{"class":937},[56,13176,12376],{"class":941},[56,13178,1394],{"class":937},[56,13180,1080],{"class":66},[56,13182,1389],{"class":937},[56,13184,12990],{"class":941},[56,13186,1394],{"class":937},[56,13188,971],{"class":66},[56,13190,3080],{"class":66},[56,13192,12999],{"class":79},[56,13194,1080],{"class":66},[56,13196,13004],{"class":79},[56,13198,1080],{"class":66},[56,13200,9607],{"class":79},[56,13202,13203],{"class":66},"]}\n",[56,13205,13206,13208,13210,13212,13214,13216,13218,13220,13222,13224,13226,13228,13230,13232,13234,13236,13238,13240,13242,13244,13246,13248],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,13207,12870],{"class":284},[56,13209,971],{"class":66},[56,13211,9980],{"class":66},[56,13213,1394],{"class":937},[56,13215,7149],{"class":941},[56,13217,1394],{"class":937},[56,13219,971],{"class":66},[56,13221,1389],{"class":937},[56,13223,12376],{"class":941},[56,13225,1394],{"class":937},[56,13227,1080],{"class":66},[56,13229,1389],{"class":937},[56,13231,12990],{"class":941},[56,13233,1394],{"class":937},[56,13235,971],{"class":66},[56,13237,3080],{"class":66},[56,13239,12999],{"class":79},[56,13241,1080],{"class":66},[56,13243,13004],{"class":79},[56,13245,1080],{"class":66},[56,13247,9607],{"class":79},[56,13249,13203],{"class":66},[56,13251,13252],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,13253,3507],{"class":3316},[56,13255,13256],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,13257,3446],{"class":3316},[14,13259,13260],{},"Notice the difference:",[26,13262,13263,13271],{},[29,13264,13265,4255,13268,13270],{},[18,13266,13267],{},"student is student_copy",[18,13269,3134],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[29,13272,13273,4255,13276,13278],{},[18,13274,13275],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[18,13277,3060],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[14,13280,13281],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[14,13283,13284,13285,497],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[372,13286,13288],{"href":13287},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[42,13290,4433,13292],{"id":13291},"when-to-use-copy",[18,13293,12272],{},[14,13295,153,13296,10091],{},[18,13297,12272],{},[26,13299,13300,13303,13306,13309],{},[29,13301,13302],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[29,13304,13305],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[29,13307,13308],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[29,13310,13311],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[14,13313,274],{},[47,13315,13317],{"className":49,"code":13316,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[18,13318,13319,13358,13374,13378,13398,13402,13421],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,13320,13321,13324,13326,13328,13330,13332,13334,13336,13338,13340,13342,13344,13346,13349,13351,13353,13356],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,13322,13323],{"class":284},"settings ",[56,13325,288],{"class":75},[56,13327,9980],{"class":66},[56,13329,938],{"class":937},[56,13331,11989],{"class":941},[56,13333,938],{"class":937},[56,13335,971],{"class":66},[56,13337,1448],{"class":937},[56,13339,11998],{"class":941},[56,13341,938],{"class":937},[56,13343,1080],{"class":66},[56,13345,1448],{"class":937},[56,13347,13348],{"class":941},"font_size",[56,13350,938],{"class":937},[56,13352,971],{"class":66},[56,13354,13355],{"class":79}," 14",[56,13357,8797],{"class":66},[56,13359,13360,13363,13365,13368,13370,13372],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,13361,13362],{"class":284},"settings_backup ",[56,13364,288],{"class":75},[56,13366,13367],{"class":284}," settings",[56,13369,497],{"class":66},[56,13371,12407],{"class":237},[56,13373,8129],{"class":66},[56,13375,13376],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,13377,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,13379,13380,13383,13385,13387,13389,13391,13393,13395],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,13381,13382],{"class":284},"settings",[56,13384,3366],{"class":66},[56,13386,938],{"class":937},[56,13388,13348],{"class":941},[56,13390,938],{"class":937},[56,13392,12770],{"class":66},[56,13394,12773],{"class":75},[56,13396,13397],{"class":79}," 16\n",[56,13399,13400],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,13401,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,13403,13404,13406,13408,13410,13413,13415,13417,13419],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,13405,63],{"class":62},[56,13407,67],{"class":66},[56,13409,938],{"class":937},[56,13411,13412],{"class":941},"Current:",[56,13414,938],{"class":937},[56,13416,1080],{"class":66},[56,13418,13367],{"class":237},[56,13420,241],{"class":66},[56,13422,13423,13425,13427,13429,13432,13434,13436,13439],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,13424,63],{"class":62},[56,13426,67],{"class":66},[56,13428,938],{"class":937},[56,13430,13431],{"class":941},"Backup:",[56,13433,938],{"class":937},[56,13435,1080],{"class":66},[56,13437,13438],{"class":237}," settings_backup",[56,13440,241],{"class":66},[14,13442,13443],{},[3205,13444,130],{},[47,13446,13448],{"className":49,"code":13447,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[18,13449,13450,13488],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,13451,13452,13455,13457,13459,13461,13463,13465,13467,13469,13471,13473,13475,13477,13479,13481,13483,13486],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,13453,13454],{"class":284},"Current",[56,13456,971],{"class":66},[56,13458,9980],{"class":66},[56,13460,1394],{"class":937},[56,13462,11989],{"class":941},[56,13464,1394],{"class":937},[56,13466,971],{"class":66},[56,13468,1389],{"class":937},[56,13470,11998],{"class":941},[56,13472,1394],{"class":937},[56,13474,1080],{"class":66},[56,13476,1389],{"class":937},[56,13478,13348],{"class":941},[56,13480,1394],{"class":937},[56,13482,971],{"class":66},[56,13484,13485],{"class":79}," 16",[56,13487,8797],{"class":66},[56,13489,13490,13493,13495,13497,13499,13501,13503,13505,13507,13509,13511,13513,13515,13517,13519,13521,13523],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,13491,13492],{"class":284},"Backup",[56,13494,971],{"class":66},[56,13496,9980],{"class":66},[56,13498,1394],{"class":937},[56,13500,11989],{"class":941},[56,13502,1394],{"class":937},[56,13504,971],{"class":66},[56,13506,1389],{"class":937},[56,13508,11998],{"class":941},[56,13510,1394],{"class":937},[56,13512,1080],{"class":66},[56,13514,1389],{"class":937},[56,13516,13348],{"class":941},[56,13518,1394],{"class":937},[56,13520,971],{"class":66},[56,13522,13355],{"class":79},[56,13524,8797],{"class":66},[14,13526,13527,13528,964,13534,497],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[372,13529,13531],{"href":13530},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[18,13532,13533],{},"dict.update()",[372,13535,13536],{"href":12319},[18,13537,10819],{},[42,13539,13541,13543],{"id":13540},"copy-vs-assignment",[18,13542,12272],{}," vs assignment",[14,13545,13546],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[14,13548,7902,13549,13551,13552,13554],{},[18,13550,288],{}," does ",[3205,13553,4101],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[615,13556,13558],{"id":13557},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[47,13560,13562],{"className":49,"code":13561,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[18,13563,13564,13596,13605,13609,13629,13633,13651,13671],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,13565,13566,13568,13570,13572,13574,13576,13578,13580,13582,13584,13586,13588,13590,13592,13594],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,13567,11580],{"class":284},[56,13569,288],{"class":75},[56,13571,9980],{"class":66},[56,13573,938],{"class":937},[56,13575,238],{"class":941},[56,13577,938],{"class":937},[56,13579,971],{"class":66},[56,13581,4973],{"class":79},[56,13583,1080],{"class":66},[56,13585,1448],{"class":937},[56,13587,11239],{"class":941},[56,13589,938],{"class":937},[56,13591,971],{"class":66},[56,13593,1083],{"class":79},[56,13595,8797],{"class":66},[56,13597,13598,13601,13603],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,13599,13600],{"class":284},"assigned ",[56,13602,288],{"class":75},[56,13604,11618],{"class":284},[56,13606,13607],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,13608,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,13610,13611,13614,13616,13618,13620,13622,13624,13626],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,13612,13613],{"class":284},"assigned",[56,13615,3366],{"class":66},[56,13617,938],{"class":937},[56,13619,238],{"class":941},[56,13621,938],{"class":937},[56,13623,12770],{"class":66},[56,13625,12773],{"class":75},[56,13627,13628],{"class":79}," 99\n",[56,13630,13631],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,13632,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,13634,13635,13637,13639,13641,13643,13645,13647,13649],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,13636,63],{"class":62},[56,13638,67],{"class":66},[56,13640,938],{"class":937},[56,13642,12791],{"class":941},[56,13644,938],{"class":937},[56,13646,1080],{"class":66},[56,13648,11655],{"class":237},[56,13650,241],{"class":66},[56,13652,13653,13655,13657,13659,13662,13664,13666,13669],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,13654,63],{"class":62},[56,13656,67],{"class":66},[56,13658,938],{"class":937},[56,13660,13661],{"class":941},"Assigned:",[56,13663,938],{"class":937},[56,13665,1080],{"class":66},[56,13667,13668],{"class":237}," assigned",[56,13670,241],{"class":66},[56,13672,13673,13675,13677,13679,13681,13683],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,13674,63],{"class":62},[56,13676,67],{"class":66},[56,13678,11580],{"class":237},[56,13680,11688],{"class":3341},[56,13682,13668],{"class":237},[56,13684,241],{"class":66},[14,13686,13687],{},[3205,13688,130],{},[47,13690,13692],{"className":49,"code":13691,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[18,13693,13694,13726,13759],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,13695,13696,13698,13700,13702,13704,13706,13708,13710,13712,13714,13716,13718,13720,13722,13724],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,13697,12833],{"class":284},[56,13699,971],{"class":66},[56,13701,9980],{"class":66},[56,13703,1394],{"class":937},[56,13705,238],{"class":941},[56,13707,1394],{"class":937},[56,13709,971],{"class":66},[56,13711,9686],{"class":79},[56,13713,1080],{"class":66},[56,13715,1389],{"class":937},[56,13717,11239],{"class":941},[56,13719,1394],{"class":937},[56,13721,971],{"class":66},[56,13723,1083],{"class":79},[56,13725,8797],{"class":66},[56,13727,13728,13731,13733,13735,13737,13739,13741,13743,13745,13747,13749,13751,13753,13755,13757],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,13729,13730],{"class":284},"Assigned",[56,13732,971],{"class":66},[56,13734,9980],{"class":66},[56,13736,1394],{"class":937},[56,13738,238],{"class":941},[56,13740,1394],{"class":937},[56,13742,971],{"class":66},[56,13744,9686],{"class":79},[56,13746,1080],{"class":66},[56,13748,1389],{"class":937},[56,13750,11239],{"class":941},[56,13752,1394],{"class":937},[56,13754,971],{"class":66},[56,13756,1083],{"class":79},[56,13758,8797],{"class":66},[56,13760,13761],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,13762,3446],{"class":3316},[615,13764,7902,13766],{"id":13765},"using-copy",[18,13767,12272],{},[47,13769,13771],{"className":49,"code":13770,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[18,13772,13773,13805,13820,13824,13843,13847,13865,13885],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,13774,13775,13777,13779,13781,13783,13785,13787,13789,13791,13793,13795,13797,13799,13801,13803],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,13776,11580],{"class":284},[56,13778,288],{"class":75},[56,13780,9980],{"class":66},[56,13782,938],{"class":937},[56,13784,238],{"class":941},[56,13786,938],{"class":937},[56,13788,971],{"class":66},[56,13790,4973],{"class":79},[56,13792,1080],{"class":66},[56,13794,1448],{"class":937},[56,13796,11239],{"class":941},[56,13798,938],{"class":937},[56,13800,971],{"class":66},[56,13802,1083],{"class":79},[56,13804,8797],{"class":66},[56,13806,13807,13810,13812,13814,13816,13818],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,13808,13809],{"class":284},"copied ",[56,13811,288],{"class":75},[56,13813,11655],{"class":284},[56,13815,497],{"class":66},[56,13817,12407],{"class":237},[56,13819,8129],{"class":66},[56,13821,13822],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,13823,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,13825,13826,13829,13831,13833,13835,13837,13839,13841],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,13827,13828],{"class":284},"copied",[56,13830,3366],{"class":66},[56,13832,938],{"class":937},[56,13834,238],{"class":941},[56,13836,938],{"class":937},[56,13838,12770],{"class":66},[56,13840,12773],{"class":75},[56,13842,13628],{"class":79},[56,13844,13845],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,13846,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,13848,13849,13851,13853,13855,13857,13859,13861,13863],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,13850,63],{"class":62},[56,13852,67],{"class":66},[56,13854,938],{"class":937},[56,13856,12791],{"class":941},[56,13858,938],{"class":937},[56,13860,1080],{"class":66},[56,13862,11655],{"class":237},[56,13864,241],{"class":66},[56,13866,13867,13869,13871,13873,13876,13878,13880,13883],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,13868,63],{"class":62},[56,13870,67],{"class":66},[56,13872,938],{"class":937},[56,13874,13875],{"class":941},"Copied:",[56,13877,938],{"class":937},[56,13879,1080],{"class":66},[56,13881,13882],{"class":237}," copied",[56,13884,241],{"class":66},[56,13886,13887,13889,13891,13893,13895,13897],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,13888,63],{"class":62},[56,13890,67],{"class":66},[56,13892,11580],{"class":237},[56,13894,11688],{"class":3341},[56,13896,13882],{"class":237},[56,13898,241],{"class":66},[14,13900,13901],{},[3205,13902,130],{},[47,13904,13906],{"className":49,"code":13905,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[18,13907,13908,13940,13973],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,13909,13910,13912,13914,13916,13918,13920,13922,13924,13926,13928,13930,13932,13934,13936,13938],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,13911,12833],{"class":284},[56,13913,971],{"class":66},[56,13915,9980],{"class":66},[56,13917,1394],{"class":937},[56,13919,238],{"class":941},[56,13921,1394],{"class":937},[56,13923,971],{"class":66},[56,13925,4973],{"class":79},[56,13927,1080],{"class":66},[56,13929,1389],{"class":937},[56,13931,11239],{"class":941},[56,13933,1394],{"class":937},[56,13935,971],{"class":66},[56,13937,1083],{"class":79},[56,13939,8797],{"class":66},[56,13941,13942,13945,13947,13949,13951,13953,13955,13957,13959,13961,13963,13965,13967,13969,13971],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,13943,13944],{"class":284},"Copied",[56,13946,971],{"class":66},[56,13948,9980],{"class":66},[56,13950,1394],{"class":937},[56,13952,238],{"class":941},[56,13954,1394],{"class":937},[56,13956,971],{"class":66},[56,13958,9686],{"class":79},[56,13960,1080],{"class":66},[56,13962,1389],{"class":937},[56,13964,11239],{"class":941},[56,13966,1394],{"class":937},[56,13968,971],{"class":66},[56,13970,1083],{"class":79},[56,13972,8797],{"class":66},[56,13974,13975],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,13976,3507],{"class":3316},[14,13978,13979],{},"Summary:",[26,13981,13982,13988],{},[29,13983,13984,13987],{},[18,13985,13986],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[29,13989,13990,13993],{},[18,13991,13992],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[42,13995,13997],{"id":13996},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[14,13999,14000,971],{},[18,14001,12272],{},[26,14003,14004,14007,14010,14013],{},[29,14005,14006],{},"Returns a dictionary",[29,14008,14009],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[29,14011,14012],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[29,14014,14015],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[14,14017,274],{},[47,14019,14021],{"className":49,"code":14020,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[18,14022,14023,14055,14071,14075,14093,14113,14117,14135],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,14024,14025,14027,14029,14031,14033,14035,14037,14039,14041,14043,14045,14047,14049,14051,14053],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,14026,8653],{"class":284},[56,14028,288],{"class":75},[56,14030,9980],{"class":66},[56,14032,938],{"class":937},[56,14034,372],{"class":941},[56,14036,938],{"class":937},[56,14038,971],{"class":66},[56,14040,4973],{"class":79},[56,14042,1080],{"class":66},[56,14044,1448],{"class":937},[56,14046,4232],{"class":941},[56,14048,938],{"class":937},[56,14050,971],{"class":66},[56,14052,1083],{"class":79},[56,14054,8797],{"class":66},[56,14056,14057,14060,14062,14065,14067,14069],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,14058,14059],{"class":284},"data_copy ",[56,14061,288],{"class":75},[56,14063,14064],{"class":284}," data",[56,14066,497],{"class":66},[56,14068,12407],{"class":237},[56,14070,8129],{"class":66},[56,14072,14073],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,14074,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,14076,14077,14079,14081,14083,14085,14087,14089,14091],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,14078,8692],{"class":284},[56,14080,3366],{"class":66},[56,14082,938],{"class":937},[56,14084,372],{"class":941},[56,14086,938],{"class":937},[56,14088,12770],{"class":66},[56,14090,12773],{"class":75},[56,14092,668],{"class":79},[56,14094,14095,14098,14100,14102,14104,14106,14108,14110],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,14096,14097],{"class":284},"data_copy",[56,14099,3366],{"class":66},[56,14101,938],{"class":937},[56,14103,4232],{"class":941},[56,14105,938],{"class":937},[56,14107,12770],{"class":66},[56,14109,12773],{"class":75},[56,14111,14112],{"class":79}," 20\n",[56,14114,14115],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,14116,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,14118,14119,14121,14123,14125,14127,14129,14131,14133],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,14120,63],{"class":62},[56,14122,67],{"class":66},[56,14124,938],{"class":937},[56,14126,12791],{"class":941},[56,14128,938],{"class":937},[56,14130,1080],{"class":66},[56,14132,14064],{"class":237},[56,14134,241],{"class":66},[56,14136,14137,14139,14141,14143,14145,14147,14149,14152],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,14138,63],{"class":62},[56,14140,67],{"class":66},[56,14142,938],{"class":937},[56,14144,12810],{"class":941},[56,14146,938],{"class":937},[56,14148,1080],{"class":66},[56,14150,14151],{"class":237}," data_copy",[56,14153,241],{"class":66},[14,14155,14156],{},[3205,14157,130],{},[47,14159,14161],{"className":49,"code":14160,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[18,14162,14163,14195],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,14164,14165,14167,14169,14171,14173,14175,14177,14179,14181,14183,14185,14187,14189,14191,14193],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,14166,12833],{"class":284},[56,14168,971],{"class":66},[56,14170,9980],{"class":66},[56,14172,1394],{"class":937},[56,14174,372],{"class":941},[56,14176,1394],{"class":937},[56,14178,971],{"class":66},[56,14180,5481],{"class":79},[56,14182,1080],{"class":66},[56,14184,1389],{"class":937},[56,14186,4232],{"class":941},[56,14188,1394],{"class":937},[56,14190,971],{"class":66},[56,14192,1083],{"class":79},[56,14194,8797],{"class":66},[56,14196,14197,14199,14201,14203,14205,14207,14209,14211,14213,14215,14217,14219,14221,14223,14225],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,14198,12870],{"class":284},[56,14200,971],{"class":66},[56,14202,9980],{"class":66},[56,14204,1394],{"class":937},[56,14206,372],{"class":941},[56,14208,1394],{"class":937},[56,14210,971],{"class":66},[56,14212,4973],{"class":79},[56,14214,1080],{"class":66},[56,14216,1389],{"class":937},[56,14218,4232],{"class":941},[56,14220,1394],{"class":937},[56,14222,971],{"class":66},[56,14224,7272],{"class":79},[56,14226,8797],{"class":66},[42,14228,912],{"id":911},[14,14230,14231,14232,971],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[18,14233,11929],{},[26,14235,14236,14243,14248,14253],{},[29,14237,7902,14238,10583,14240,14242],{},[18,14239,288],{},[18,14241,12272],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[29,14244,4049,14245,14247],{},[18,14246,12272],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[29,14249,14250,14251],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[18,14252,12272],{},[29,14254,14255],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[14,14257,14258],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[47,14260,14262],{"className":49,"code":14261,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[18,14263,14264,14274,14284,14298,14321,14344],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,14265,14266,14268,14270,14272],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,14267,63],{"class":62},[56,14269,67],{"class":66},[56,14271,11627],{"class":237},[56,14273,241],{"class":66},[56,14275,14276,14278,14280,14282],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,14277,63],{"class":62},[56,14279,67],{"class":66},[56,14281,13828],{"class":237},[56,14283,241],{"class":66},[56,14285,14286,14288,14290,14292,14294,14296],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,14287,63],{"class":62},[56,14289,67],{"class":66},[56,14291,11580],{"class":237},[56,14293,11688],{"class":3341},[56,14295,13882],{"class":237},[56,14297,241],{"class":66},[56,14299,14300,14302,14304,14306,14308,14310,14312,14315,14317,14319],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,14301,63],{"class":62},[56,14303,67],{"class":66},[56,14305,12144],{"class":62},[56,14307,67],{"class":66},[56,14309,11627],{"class":237},[56,14311,8721],{"class":66},[56,14313,14314],{"class":62}," id",[56,14316,67],{"class":66},[56,14318,13828],{"class":237},[56,14320,83],{"class":66},[56,14322,14323,14325,14327,14329,14331,14333,14335,14337,14340,14342],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,14324,63],{"class":62},[56,14326,67],{"class":66},[56,14328,12144],{"class":62},[56,14330,67],{"class":66},[56,14332,11627],{"class":237},[56,14334,3366],{"class":66},[56,14336,938],{"class":937},[56,14338,14339],{"class":941},"key",[56,14341,938],{"class":937},[56,14343,1090],{"class":66},[56,14345,14346,14348,14350,14352,14354,14356,14358,14360,14362,14364],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,14347,63],{"class":62},[56,14349,67],{"class":66},[56,14351,12144],{"class":62},[56,14353,67],{"class":66},[56,14355,13828],{"class":237},[56,14357,3366],{"class":66},[56,14359,938],{"class":937},[56,14361,14339],{"class":941},[56,14363,938],{"class":937},[56,14365,1090],{"class":66},[14,14367,14368],{},"What these help you check:",[26,14370,14371,14374,14377],{},[29,14372,14373],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[29,14375,14376],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[29,14378,14379],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[14,14381,14382,14383,497],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[372,14384,14386],{"href":14385},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[42,14388,1553],{"id":1552},[615,14390,12199,14392,14394],{"id":14391},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,14393,11929],{}," change the original dictionary?",[14,14396,14397],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[615,14399,14401,14402,14404],{"id":14400},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[18,14403,11929],{}," a deep copy?",[14,14406,14407],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[615,14409,4653,14411,3862,14413,571],{"id":14410},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[18,14412,12272],{},[18,14414,288],{},[14,14416,14417,14419,14420,14422],{},[18,14418,12272],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[18,14421,288],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[615,14424,14426],{"id":14425},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[14,14428,14429],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[42,14431,1601],{"id":1600},[26,14433,14434,14438,14442,14446,14453,14459],{},[29,14435,14436],{},[372,14437,10734],{"href":12522},[29,14439,14440],{},[372,14441,8643],{"href":12519},[29,14443,14444],{},[372,14445,13288],{"href":13287},[29,14447,14448],{},[372,14449,10227,14450,10231],{"href":13530},[18,14451,14452],{},"update()",[29,14454,14455],{},[372,14456,10227,14457,10231],{"href":12319},[18,14458,10813],{},[29,14460,14461],{},[372,14462,14463],{"href":14385},"How to copy a list in Python",[1633,14465,14466],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":14468},[14469,14470,14472,14473,14474,14475,14477,14483,14484,14485,14494],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":12491,"depth":86,"text":14471},"What the copy() method does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":10967,"depth":86,"text":10968},{"id":12930,"depth":86,"text":12931},{"id":13291,"depth":86,"text":14476},"When to use copy()",{"id":13540,"depth":86,"text":14478,"children":14479},"copy() vs assignment",[14480,14481],{"id":13557,"depth":102,"text":13558},{"id":13765,"depth":102,"text":14482},"Using copy()",{"id":13996,"depth":86,"text":13997},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":14486},[14487,14489,14491,14493],{"id":14391,"depth":102,"text":14488},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14400,"depth":102,"text":14490},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14410,"depth":102,"text":14492},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14425,"depth":102,"text":14426},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12325,"description":14495},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14502,"title":14503,"body":14504,"description":16703,"extension":1665,"meta":16704,"navigation":316,"path":12522,"seo":16705,"stem":16706,"__hash__":16707},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14505,"toc":16665},[14506,14509,14515,14524,14526,14602,14606,14655,14658,14662,14676,14679,14683,14696,14699,14732,14746,14749,14761,14765,14768,14776,14856,14860,14913,14917,14935,14937,15019,15022,15024,15027,15030,15053,15077,15081,15089,15092,15096,15105,15110,15168,15172,15205,15211,15217,15220,15275,15279,15329,15332,15338,15341,15349,15351,15396,15401,15410,15413,15416,15463,15465,15470,15473,15567,15571,15624,15627,15683,15686,15690,15693,15707,15711,15777,15781,15806,15809,15813,15891,15895,15898,15901,15921,15924,15977,15981,15984,15987,16000,16002,16091,16098,16101,16112,16114,16117,16137,16141,16144,16153,16156,16195,16199,16201,16210,16219,16221,16259,16263,16310,16314,16335,16339,16342,16454,16459,16557,16579,16581,16585,16592,16596,16602,16606,16609,16613,16616,16623,16631,16633,16659,16662],[10,14507,14503],{"id":14508},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[14,14510,14511,14512,14514],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[3205,14513,8619],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[14,14516,14517,14518,964,14520,497],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[372,14519,8643],{"href":8642},[372,14521,14523],{"href":14522},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[42,14525,45],{"id":44},[47,14527,14529],{"className":49,"code":14528,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,14530,14531,14539,14557,14571,14584,14588,14592],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,14532,14533,14535,14537],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,14534,12359],{"class":284},[56,14536,288],{"class":75},[56,14538,10986],{"class":66},[56,14540,14541,14543,14545,14547,14549,14551,14553,14555],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,14542,10991],{"class":937},[56,14544,7149],{"class":941},[56,14546,938],{"class":937},[56,14548,971],{"class":66},[56,14550,1448],{"class":937},[56,14552,12376],{"class":941},[56,14554,938],{"class":937},[56,14556,11007],{"class":66},[56,14558,14559,14561,14563,14565,14567,14569],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,14560,10991],{"class":937},[56,14562,8787],{"class":941},[56,14564,938],{"class":937},[56,14566,971],{"class":66},[56,14568,7272],{"class":79},[56,14570,11007],{"class":66},[56,14572,14573,14575,14578,14580,14582],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,14574,10991],{"class":937},[56,14576,14577],{"class":941},"is_active",[56,14579,938],{"class":937},[56,14581,971],{"class":66},[56,14583,5901],{"class":3316},[56,14585,14586],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,14587,8797],{"class":66},[56,14589,14590],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,14591,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,14593,14594,14596,14598,14600],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,14595,63],{"class":62},[56,14597,67],{"class":66},[56,14599,13123],{"class":237},[56,14601,241],{"class":66},[14,14603,14604],{},[3205,14605,130],{},[47,14607,14609],{"className":49,"code":14608,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[18,14610,14611],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,14612,14613,14615,14617,14619,14621,14623,14625,14627,14629,14631,14633,14635,14637,14639,14641,14643,14645,14647,14649,14651,14653],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,14614,8766],{"class":66},[56,14616,1394],{"class":937},[56,14618,7149],{"class":941},[56,14620,1394],{"class":937},[56,14622,971],{"class":66},[56,14624,1389],{"class":937},[56,14626,12376],{"class":941},[56,14628,1394],{"class":937},[56,14630,1080],{"class":66},[56,14632,1389],{"class":937},[56,14634,8787],{"class":941},[56,14636,1394],{"class":937},[56,14638,971],{"class":66},[56,14640,7272],{"class":79},[56,14642,1080],{"class":66},[56,14644,1389],{"class":937},[56,14646,14577],{"class":941},[56,14648,1394],{"class":937},[56,14650,971],{"class":66},[56,14652,3382],{"class":3316},[56,14654,8797],{"class":66},[14,14656,14657],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[42,14659,14661],{"id":14660},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[26,14663,14664,14667,14670,14673],{},[29,14665,14666],{},"What a dictionary is",[29,14668,14669],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[29,14671,14672],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[29,14674,14675],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[42,14677,14666],{"id":14678},"what-a-dictionary-is",[14,14680,8616,14681,497],{},[3205,14682,8619],{},[26,14684,14685,14691],{},[29,14686,14687,14688,14690],{},"A ",[3205,14689,14339],{}," is the label",[29,14692,14687,14693,14695],{},[3205,14694,551],{}," is the data connected to that label",[14,14697,14698],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[47,14700,14702],{"className":49,"code":14701,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[18,14703,14704,14712,14728],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,14705,14706,14708,14710],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,14707,12359],{"class":284},[56,14709,288],{"class":75},[56,14711,10986],{"class":66},[56,14713,14714,14716,14718,14720,14722,14724,14726],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,14715,10991],{"class":937},[56,14717,7149],{"class":941},[56,14719,938],{"class":937},[56,14721,971],{"class":66},[56,14723,1448],{"class":937},[56,14725,12376],{"class":941},[56,14727,1454],{"class":937},[56,14729,14730],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,14731,8797],{"class":66},[26,14733,14734,14740],{},[29,14735,14736,14739],{},[18,14737,14738],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[29,14741,14742,14745],{},[18,14743,14744],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[14,14747,14748],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[26,14750,14751,14753,14755,14758],{},[29,14752,7149],{},[29,14754,8787],{},[29,14756,14757],{},"email",[29,14759,14760],{},"country",[42,14762,14764],{"id":14763},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[14,14766,14767],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[14,14769,153,14770,14772,14773,497],{},[18,14771,3255],{}," and write each item as ",[18,14774,14775],{},"key: value",[47,14777,14779],{"className":49,"code":14778,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,14780,14781,14789,14807,14821,14838,14842,14846],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,14782,14783,14785,14787],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,14784,12359],{"class":284},[56,14786,288],{"class":75},[56,14788,10986],{"class":66},[56,14790,14791,14793,14795,14797,14799,14801,14803,14805],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,14792,10991],{"class":937},[56,14794,7149],{"class":941},[56,14796,938],{"class":937},[56,14798,971],{"class":66},[56,14800,1448],{"class":937},[56,14802,12376],{"class":941},[56,14804,938],{"class":937},[56,14806,11007],{"class":66},[56,14808,14809,14811,14813,14815,14817,14819],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,14810,10991],{"class":937},[56,14812,8787],{"class":941},[56,14814,938],{"class":937},[56,14816,971],{"class":66},[56,14818,7272],{"class":79},[56,14820,11007],{"class":66},[56,14822,14823,14825,14828,14830,14832,14834,14836],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,14824,10991],{"class":937},[56,14826,14827],{"class":941},"course",[56,14829,938],{"class":937},[56,14831,971],{"class":66},[56,14833,1448],{"class":937},[56,14835,6777],{"class":941},[56,14837,1454],{"class":937},[56,14839,14840],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,14841,8797],{"class":66},[56,14843,14844],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,14845,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,14847,14848,14850,14852,14854],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,14849,63],{"class":62},[56,14851,67],{"class":66},[56,14853,13123],{"class":237},[56,14855,241],{"class":66},[14,14857,14858],{},[3205,14859,130],{},[47,14861,14863],{"className":49,"code":14862,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[18,14864,14865],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,14866,14867,14869,14871,14873,14875,14877,14879,14881,14883,14885,14887,14889,14891,14893,14895,14897,14899,14901,14903,14905,14907,14909,14911],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,14868,8766],{"class":66},[56,14870,1394],{"class":937},[56,14872,7149],{"class":941},[56,14874,1394],{"class":937},[56,14876,971],{"class":66},[56,14878,1389],{"class":937},[56,14880,12376],{"class":941},[56,14882,1394],{"class":937},[56,14884,1080],{"class":66},[56,14886,1389],{"class":937},[56,14888,8787],{"class":941},[56,14890,1394],{"class":937},[56,14892,971],{"class":66},[56,14894,7272],{"class":79},[56,14896,1080],{"class":66},[56,14898,1389],{"class":937},[56,14900,14827],{"class":941},[56,14902,1394],{"class":937},[56,14904,971],{"class":66},[56,14906,1389],{"class":937},[56,14908,6777],{"class":941},[56,14910,1394],{"class":937},[56,14912,8797],{"class":66},[615,14914,14916],{"id":14915},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[26,14918,14919,14924,14929,14932],{},[29,14920,153,14921,14923],{},[18,14922,3255],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[29,14925,14926,14927],{},"Write each item as ",[18,14928,14775],{},[29,14930,14931],{},"Separate items with commas",[29,14933,14934],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[14,14936,274],{},[47,14938,14940],{"className":49,"code":14939,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[18,14941,14942,14951,14971,14987,15000,15004,15008],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,14943,14944,14947,14949],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,14945,14946],{"class":284},"book ",[56,14948,288],{"class":75},[56,14950,10986],{"class":66},[56,14952,14953,14955,14958,14960,14962,14964,14967,14969],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,14954,10991],{"class":937},[56,14956,14957],{"class":941},"title",[56,14959,938],{"class":937},[56,14961,971],{"class":66},[56,14963,1448],{"class":937},[56,14965,14966],{"class":941},"Python Basics",[56,14968,938],{"class":937},[56,14970,11007],{"class":66},[56,14972,14973,14975,14978,14980,14982,14985],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,14974,10991],{"class":937},[56,14976,14977],{"class":941},"pages",[56,14979,938],{"class":937},[56,14981,971],{"class":66},[56,14983,14984],{"class":79}," 150",[56,14986,11007],{"class":66},[56,14988,14989,14991,14994,14996,14998],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,14990,10991],{"class":937},[56,14992,14993],{"class":941},"available",[56,14995,938],{"class":937},[56,14997,971],{"class":66},[56,14999,5901],{"class":3316},[56,15001,15002],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,15003,8797],{"class":66},[56,15005,15006],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,15007,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,15009,15010,15012,15014,15017],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,15011,63],{"class":62},[56,15013,67],{"class":66},[56,15015,15016],{"class":237},"book",[56,15018,241],{"class":66},[14,15020,15021],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[42,15023,8891],{"id":8890},[14,15025,15026],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[14,15028,15029],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[47,15031,15033],{"className":49,"code":15032,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[18,15034,15035,15043],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15036,15037,15039,15041],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15038,8653],{"class":284},[56,15040,288],{"class":75},[56,15042,9327],{"class":66},[56,15044,15045,15047,15049,15051],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,15046,63],{"class":62},[56,15048,67],{"class":66},[56,15050,8692],{"class":237},[56,15052,241],{"class":66},[47,15054,15055],{"className":49,"code":8894,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,15056,15057,15067],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15058,15059,15061,15063,15065],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15060,8653],{"class":284},[56,15062,288],{"class":75},[56,15064,8658],{"class":989},[56,15066,8129],{"class":66},[56,15068,15069,15071,15073,15075],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,15070,63],{"class":62},[56,15072,67],{"class":66},[56,15074,8692],{"class":237},[56,15076,241],{"class":66},[14,15078,15079],{},[3205,15080,130],{},[47,15082,15083],{"className":49,"code":8923,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,15084,15085],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15086,15087],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15088,8923],{"class":66},[14,15090,15091],{},"Both are correct.",[615,15093,15095],{"id":15094},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[14,15097,15098,15100,15101,15104],{},[18,15099,3255],{}," creates an empty ",[3205,15102,15103],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[14,15106,15107,15108,497],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[18,15109,3260],{},[47,15111,15113],{"className":49,"code":15112,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[18,15114,15115,15123,15135,15139,15153],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15116,15117,15119,15121],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15118,11218],{"class":284},[56,15120,288],{"class":75},[56,15122,9327],{"class":66},[56,15124,15125,15128,15130,15133],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,15126,15127],{"class":284},"my_set ",[56,15129,288],{"class":75},[56,15131,15132],{"class":989}," set",[56,15134,8129],{"class":66},[56,15136,15137],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,15138,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,15140,15141,15143,15145,15147,15149,15151],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,15142,63],{"class":62},[56,15144,67],{"class":66},[56,15146,1314],{"class":989},[56,15148,67],{"class":66},[56,15150,10942],{"class":237},[56,15152,83],{"class":66},[56,15154,15155,15157,15159,15161,15163,15166],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,15156,63],{"class":62},[56,15158,67],{"class":66},[56,15160,1314],{"class":989},[56,15162,67],{"class":66},[56,15164,15165],{"class":237},"my_set",[56,15167,83],{"class":66},[14,15169,15170],{},[3205,15171,130],{},[47,15173,15175],{"className":49,"code":15174,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,15176,15177,15191],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15178,15179,15181,15183,15185,15187,15189],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15180,1383],{"class":75},[56,15182,1386],{"class":124},[56,15184,1389],{"class":937},[56,15186,8308],{"class":941},[56,15188,1394],{"class":937},[56,15190,1397],{"class":75},[56,15192,15193,15195,15197,15199,15201,15203],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,15194,1383],{"class":75},[56,15196,1386],{"class":124},[56,15198,1389],{"class":937},[56,15200,5764],{"class":941},[56,15202,1394],{"class":937},[56,15204,1397],{"class":75},[42,15206,15208,15209],{"id":15207},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[18,15210,8607],{},[14,15212,15213,15214,15216],{},"You can also use ",[18,15215,8607],{}," to create a dictionary.",[14,15218,15219],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[47,15221,15223],{"className":49,"code":15222,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[18,15224,15225,15265],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15226,15227,15229,15231,15233,15235,15237,15239,15241,15243,15245,15247,15249,15251,15254,15256,15259,15261,15263],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15228,12359],{"class":284},[56,15230,288],{"class":75},[56,15232,8658],{"class":989},[56,15234,67],{"class":66},[56,15236,7149],{"class":8663},[56,15238,288],{"class":75},[56,15240,938],{"class":937},[56,15242,12376],{"class":941},[56,15244,938],{"class":937},[56,15246,1080],{"class":66},[56,15248,8676],{"class":8663},[56,15250,288],{"class":75},[56,15252,15253],{"class":79},"20",[56,15255,1080],{"class":66},[56,15257,15258],{"class":8663}," active",[56,15260,288],{"class":75},[56,15262,3060],{"class":3316},[56,15264,241],{"class":66},[56,15266,15267,15269,15271,15273],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,15268,63],{"class":62},[56,15270,67],{"class":66},[56,15272,13123],{"class":237},[56,15274,241],{"class":66},[14,15276,15277],{},[3205,15278,130],{},[47,15280,15282],{"className":49,"code":15281,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[18,15283,15284],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15285,15286,15288,15290,15292,15294,15296,15298,15300,15302,15304,15306,15308,15310,15312,15314,15316,15318,15321,15323,15325,15327],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15287,8766],{"class":66},[56,15289,1394],{"class":937},[56,15291,7149],{"class":941},[56,15293,1394],{"class":937},[56,15295,971],{"class":66},[56,15297,1389],{"class":937},[56,15299,12376],{"class":941},[56,15301,1394],{"class":937},[56,15303,1080],{"class":66},[56,15305,1389],{"class":937},[56,15307,8787],{"class":941},[56,15309,1394],{"class":937},[56,15311,971],{"class":66},[56,15313,7272],{"class":79},[56,15315,1080],{"class":66},[56,15317,1389],{"class":937},[56,15319,15320],{"class":941},"active",[56,15322,1394],{"class":937},[56,15324,971],{"class":66},[56,15326,3382],{"class":3316},[56,15328,8797],{"class":66},[14,15330,15331],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[615,15333,15335,15336],{"id":15334},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[18,15337,8607],{},[14,15339,15340],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[26,15342,15343,15346],{},[29,15344,15345],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[29,15347,15348],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[14,15350,6167],{},[47,15352,15354],{"className":49,"code":15353,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[18,15355,15356,15386],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15357,15358,15360,15362,15364,15366,15368,15370,15372,15374,15376,15378,15380,15382,15384],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15359,10981],{"class":284},[56,15361,288],{"class":75},[56,15363,8658],{"class":989},[56,15365,67],{"class":66},[56,15367,7149],{"class":8663},[56,15369,288],{"class":75},[56,15371,938],{"class":937},[56,15373,7158],{"class":941},[56,15375,938],{"class":937},[56,15377,1080],{"class":66},[56,15379,8676],{"class":8663},[56,15381,288],{"class":75},[56,15383,8681],{"class":79},[56,15385,241],{"class":66},[56,15387,15388,15390,15392,15394],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,15389,63],{"class":62},[56,15391,67],{"class":66},[56,15393,11075],{"class":237},[56,15395,241],{"class":66},[14,15397,4098,15398,15400],{},[3205,15399,4101],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[47,15402,15404],{"className":49,"code":15403,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[18,15405,15406],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15407,15408],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15409,15403],{"class":3123},[14,15411,15412],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[14,15414,15415],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[47,15417,15419],{"className":49,"code":15418,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[18,15420,15421,15429,15445,15449,15453],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15422,15423,15425,15427],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15424,10981],{"class":284},[56,15426,288],{"class":75},[56,15428,10986],{"class":66},[56,15430,15431,15433,15435,15437,15439,15441,15443],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,15432,10991],{"class":937},[56,15434,9985],{"class":941},[56,15436,938],{"class":937},[56,15438,971],{"class":66},[56,15440,1448],{"class":937},[56,15442,7158],{"class":941},[56,15444,1454],{"class":937},[56,15446,15447],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,15448,8797],{"class":66},[56,15450,15451],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,15452,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,15454,15455,15457,15459,15461],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,15456,63],{"class":62},[56,15458,67],{"class":66},[56,15460,11075],{"class":237},[56,15462,241],{"class":66},[42,15464,8933],{"id":8932},[14,15466,15467,15469],{},[18,15468,8607],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[14,15471,15472],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[47,15474,15476],{"className":49,"code":15475,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[18,15477,15478,15535,15539,15553,15557],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15479,15480,15482,15484,15486,15488,15490,15492,15494,15496,15498,15500,15502,15504,15506,15508,15510,15512,15514,15516,15518,15520,15522,15524,15526,15528,15531,15533],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15481,8703],{"class":284},[56,15483,288],{"class":75},[56,15485,8708],{"class":66},[56,15487,938],{"class":937},[56,15489,7149],{"class":941},[56,15491,938],{"class":937},[56,15493,1080],{"class":66},[56,15495,1448],{"class":937},[56,15497,12376],{"class":941},[56,15499,938],{"class":937},[56,15501,8721],{"class":66},[56,15503,8724],{"class":66},[56,15505,938],{"class":937},[56,15507,8787],{"class":941},[56,15509,938],{"class":937},[56,15511,1080],{"class":66},[56,15513,7272],{"class":79},[56,15515,8721],{"class":66},[56,15517,8724],{"class":66},[56,15519,938],{"class":937},[56,15521,9898],{"class":941},[56,15523,938],{"class":937},[56,15525,1080],{"class":66},[56,15527,1448],{"class":937},[56,15529,15530],{"class":941},"Lima",[56,15532,938],{"class":937},[56,15534,8737],{"class":66},[56,15536,15537],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,15538,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,15540,15541,15543,15545,15547,15549,15551],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,15542,12359],{"class":284},[56,15544,288],{"class":75},[56,15546,8658],{"class":989},[56,15548,67],{"class":66},[56,15550,8750],{"class":237},[56,15552,241],{"class":66},[56,15554,15555],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,15556,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,15558,15559,15561,15563,15565],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,15560,63],{"class":62},[56,15562,67],{"class":66},[56,15564,13123],{"class":237},[56,15566,241],{"class":66},[14,15568,15569],{},[3205,15570,130],{},[47,15572,15574],{"className":49,"code":15573,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,15575,15576],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15577,15578,15580,15582,15584,15586,15588,15590,15592,15594,15596,15598,15600,15602,15604,15606,15608,15610,15612,15614,15616,15618,15620,15622],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15579,8766],{"class":66},[56,15581,1394],{"class":937},[56,15583,7149],{"class":941},[56,15585,1394],{"class":937},[56,15587,971],{"class":66},[56,15589,1389],{"class":937},[56,15591,12376],{"class":941},[56,15593,1394],{"class":937},[56,15595,1080],{"class":66},[56,15597,1389],{"class":937},[56,15599,8787],{"class":941},[56,15601,1394],{"class":937},[56,15603,971],{"class":66},[56,15605,7272],{"class":79},[56,15607,1080],{"class":66},[56,15609,1389],{"class":937},[56,15611,9898],{"class":941},[56,15613,1394],{"class":937},[56,15615,971],{"class":66},[56,15617,1389],{"class":937},[56,15619,15530],{"class":941},[56,15621,1394],{"class":937},[56,15623,8797],{"class":66},[14,15625,15626],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[47,15628,15630],{"className":49,"code":15629,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[18,15631,15632,15673],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15633,15634,15636,15638,15640,15643,15645,15647,15649,15651,15653,15655,15657,15659,15661,15663,15665,15667,15669,15671],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15635,12359],{"class":284},[56,15637,288],{"class":75},[56,15639,8658],{"class":989},[56,15641,15642],{"class":66},"(((",[56,15644,938],{"class":937},[56,15646,7149],{"class":941},[56,15648,938],{"class":937},[56,15650,1080],{"class":66},[56,15652,1448],{"class":937},[56,15654,12376],{"class":941},[56,15656,938],{"class":937},[56,15658,8721],{"class":66},[56,15660,8724],{"class":66},[56,15662,938],{"class":937},[56,15664,8787],{"class":941},[56,15666,938],{"class":937},[56,15668,1080],{"class":66},[56,15670,7272],{"class":79},[56,15672,1000],{"class":66},[56,15674,15675,15677,15679,15681],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,15676,63],{"class":62},[56,15678,67],{"class":66},[56,15680,13123],{"class":237},[56,15682,241],{"class":66},[14,15684,15685],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[42,15687,15689],{"id":15688},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[14,15691,15692],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[26,15694,15695,15698,15701,15704],{},[29,15696,15697],{},"Keys must be unique",[29,15699,15700],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[29,15702,15703],{},"Values can repeat",[29,15705,15706],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[615,15708,15710],{"id":15709},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[47,15712,15714],{"className":49,"code":15713,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,15715,15716,15724,15742,15759,15763,15767],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15717,15718,15720,15722],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15719,8653],{"class":284},[56,15721,288],{"class":75},[56,15723,10986],{"class":66},[56,15725,15726,15728,15730,15732,15734,15736,15738,15740],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,15727,10991],{"class":937},[56,15729,7149],{"class":941},[56,15731,938],{"class":937},[56,15733,971],{"class":66},[56,15735,1448],{"class":937},[56,15737,12376],{"class":941},[56,15739,938],{"class":937},[56,15741,11007],{"class":66},[56,15743,15744,15746,15748,15750,15752,15754,15757],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,15745,10991],{"class":937},[56,15747,7149],{"class":941},[56,15749,938],{"class":937},[56,15751,971],{"class":66},[56,15753,1448],{"class":937},[56,15755,15756],{"class":941},"Maria",[56,15758,1454],{"class":937},[56,15760,15761],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,15762,8797],{"class":66},[56,15764,15765],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,15766,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,15768,15769,15771,15773,15775],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,15770,63],{"class":62},[56,15772,67],{"class":66},[56,15774,8692],{"class":237},[56,15776,241],{"class":66},[14,15778,15779],{},[3205,15780,130],{},[47,15782,15784],{"className":49,"code":15783,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[18,15785,15786],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15787,15788,15790,15792,15794,15796,15798,15800,15802,15804],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15789,8766],{"class":66},[56,15791,1394],{"class":937},[56,15793,7149],{"class":941},[56,15795,1394],{"class":937},[56,15797,971],{"class":66},[56,15799,1389],{"class":937},[56,15801,15756],{"class":941},[56,15803,1394],{"class":937},[56,15805,8797],{"class":66},[14,15807,15808],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[615,15810,15812],{"id":15811},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[47,15814,15816],{"className":49,"code":15815,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[18,15817,15818,15826,15842,15858,15872,15876,15880],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15819,15820,15822,15824],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15821,4536],{"class":284},[56,15823,288],{"class":75},[56,15825,10986],{"class":66},[56,15827,15828,15831,15833,15835,15838,15840],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,15829,15830],{"class":79},"    1",[56,15832,971],{"class":66},[56,15834,1448],{"class":937},[56,15836,15837],{"class":941},"low",[56,15839,938],{"class":937},[56,15841,11007],{"class":66},[56,15843,15844,15847,15849,15851,15854,15856],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,15845,15846],{"class":79},"    2",[56,15848,971],{"class":66},[56,15850,1448],{"class":937},[56,15852,15853],{"class":941},"medium",[56,15855,938],{"class":937},[56,15857,11007],{"class":66},[56,15859,15860,15863,15865,15867,15870],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,15861,15862],{"class":79},"    3",[56,15864,971],{"class":66},[56,15866,1448],{"class":937},[56,15868,15869],{"class":941},"high",[56,15871,1454],{"class":937},[56,15873,15874],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,15875,8797],{"class":66},[56,15877,15878],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,15879,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,15881,15882,15884,15886,15889],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,15883,63],{"class":62},[56,15885,67],{"class":66},[56,15887,15888],{"class":237},"scores",[56,15890,241],{"class":66},[615,15892,15894],{"id":15893},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[14,15896,15897],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[14,15899,15900],{},"This will cause an error:",[47,15902,15904],{"className":49,"code":15903,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[18,15905,15906,15911,15916],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15907,15908],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15909,15910],{"class":3123},"# bad = {\n",[56,15912,15913],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,15914,15915],{"class":3123},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[56,15917,15918],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,15919,15920],{"class":3123},"# }\n",[14,15922,15923],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[47,15925,15927],{"className":49,"code":15926,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[18,15928,15929,15938,15958,15962,15966],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,15930,15931,15934,15936],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,15932,15933],{"class":284},"good ",[56,15935,288],{"class":75},[56,15937,10986],{"class":66},[56,15939,15940,15943,15945,15947,15949,15952,15954,15956],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,15941,15942],{"class":66},"    (",[56,15944,1077],{"class":79},[56,15946,1080],{"class":66},[56,15948,1083],{"class":79},[56,15950,15951],{"class":66},"):",[56,15953,1448],{"class":937},[56,15955,3107],{"class":941},[56,15957,1454],{"class":937},[56,15959,15960],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,15961,8797],{"class":66},[56,15963,15964],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,15965,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,15967,15968,15970,15972,15975],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,15969,63],{"class":62},[56,15971,67],{"class":66},[56,15973,15974],{"class":237},"good",[56,15976,241],{"class":66},[42,15978,15980],{"id":15979},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[14,15982,15983],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[14,15985,15986],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[26,15988,15989,15992,15994,15997],{},[29,15990,15991],{},"user data",[29,15993,13382],{},[29,15995,15996],{},"counters",[29,15998,15999],{},"lookups",[14,16001,274],{},[47,16003,16005],{"className":49,"code":16004,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[18,16006,16007,16015,16034,16053,16065,16069,16073],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16008,16009,16011,16013],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16010,10981],{"class":284},[56,16012,288],{"class":75},[56,16014,10986],{"class":66},[56,16016,16017,16019,16021,16023,16025,16027,16030,16032],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,16018,10991],{"class":937},[56,16020,7468],{"class":941},[56,16022,938],{"class":937},[56,16024,971],{"class":66},[56,16026,1448],{"class":937},[56,16028,16029],{"class":941},"ana123",[56,16031,938],{"class":937},[56,16033,11007],{"class":66},[56,16035,16036,16038,16040,16042,16044,16046,16049,16051],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,16037,10991],{"class":937},[56,16039,14757],{"class":941},[56,16041,938],{"class":937},[56,16043,971],{"class":66},[56,16045,1448],{"class":937},[56,16047,16048],{"class":941},"ana@example.com",[56,16050,938],{"class":937},[56,16052,11007],{"class":66},[56,16054,16055,16057,16059,16061,16063],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,16056,10991],{"class":937},[56,16058,12009],{"class":941},[56,16060,938],{"class":937},[56,16062,971],{"class":66},[56,16064,5901],{"class":3316},[56,16066,16067],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,16068,8797],{"class":66},[56,16070,16071],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,16072,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,16074,16075,16077,16079,16081,16083,16085,16087,16089],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,16076,63],{"class":62},[56,16078,67],{"class":66},[56,16080,11075],{"class":237},[56,16082,3366],{"class":66},[56,16084,938],{"class":937},[56,16086,14757],{"class":941},[56,16088,938],{"class":937},[56,16090,3354],{"class":66},[14,16092,16093,16094,497],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[372,16095,16097],{"href":16096},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[14,16099,16100],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[26,16102,16103,16106,16109],{},[29,16104,16105],{},"labels are not needed",[29,16107,16108],{},"you mostly care about position",[29,16110,16111],{},"order matters more than named fields",[42,16113,912],{"id":911},[14,16115,16116],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[26,16118,16119,16122,16125,16128,16131],{},[29,16120,16121],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[29,16123,16124],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[29,16126,16127],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[29,16129,16130],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[29,16132,16133,16134,16136],{},"Mixing up ",[18,16135,3255],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[615,16138,16140],{"id":16139},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[14,16142,16143],{},"Wrong:",[47,16145,16147],{"className":49,"code":16146,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[18,16148,16149],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16150,16151],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16152,16146],{"class":3123},[14,16154,16155],{},"Correct:",[47,16157,16159],{"className":49,"code":16158,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[18,16160,16161,16185],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16162,16163,16165,16167,16169,16171,16173,16175,16177,16179,16181,16183],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16164,12359],{"class":284},[56,16166,288],{"class":75},[56,16168,9980],{"class":66},[56,16170,938],{"class":937},[56,16172,7149],{"class":941},[56,16174,938],{"class":937},[56,16176,971],{"class":66},[56,16178,1448],{"class":937},[56,16180,12376],{"class":941},[56,16182,938],{"class":937},[56,16184,8797],{"class":66},[56,16186,16187,16189,16191,16193],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,16188,63],{"class":62},[56,16190,67],{"class":66},[56,16192,13123],{"class":237},[56,16194,241],{"class":66},[615,16196,16198],{"id":16197},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[14,16200,16143],{},[47,16202,16204],{"className":49,"code":16203,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[18,16205,16206],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16207,16208],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16209,16203],{"class":3123},[14,16211,16212,16213,16215,16216,16218],{},"This only works if ",[18,16214,7149],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[18,16217,14738],{},", use quotes.",[14,16220,16155],{},[47,16222,16223],{"className":49,"code":16158,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,16224,16225,16249],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16226,16227,16229,16231,16233,16235,16237,16239,16241,16243,16245,16247],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16228,12359],{"class":284},[56,16230,288],{"class":75},[56,16232,9980],{"class":66},[56,16234,938],{"class":937},[56,16236,7149],{"class":941},[56,16238,938],{"class":937},[56,16240,971],{"class":66},[56,16242,1448],{"class":937},[56,16244,12376],{"class":941},[56,16246,938],{"class":937},[56,16248,8797],{"class":66},[56,16250,16251,16253,16255,16257],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,16252,63],{"class":62},[56,16254,67],{"class":66},[56,16256,13123],{"class":237},[56,16258,241],{"class":66},[615,16260,16262],{"id":16261},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[47,16264,16266],{"className":49,"code":16265,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[18,16267,16268,16300],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16269,16270,16272,16274,16276,16278,16280,16282,16284,16286,16288,16290,16292,16294,16296,16298],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16271,8653],{"class":284},[56,16273,288],{"class":75},[56,16275,9980],{"class":66},[56,16277,938],{"class":937},[56,16279,8787],{"class":941},[56,16281,938],{"class":937},[56,16283,971],{"class":66},[56,16285,7272],{"class":79},[56,16287,1080],{"class":66},[56,16289,1448],{"class":937},[56,16291,8787],{"class":941},[56,16293,938],{"class":937},[56,16295,971],{"class":66},[56,16297,7277],{"class":79},[56,16299,8797],{"class":66},[56,16301,16302,16304,16306,16308],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,16303,63],{"class":62},[56,16305,67],{"class":66},[56,16307,8692],{"class":237},[56,16309,241],{"class":66},[14,16311,16312],{},[3205,16313,130],{},[47,16315,16317],{"className":49,"code":16316,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'age': 30}\n",[18,16318,16319],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16320,16321,16323,16325,16327,16329,16331,16333],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16322,8766],{"class":66},[56,16324,1394],{"class":937},[56,16326,8787],{"class":941},[56,16328,1394],{"class":937},[56,16330,971],{"class":66},[56,16332,7277],{"class":79},[56,16334,8797],{"class":66},[42,16336,16338],{"id":16337},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[14,16340,16341],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[47,16343,16345],{"className":49,"code":16344,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[18,16346,16347,16383,16387,16397,16411,16426,16440],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16348,16349,16351,16353,16355,16357,16359,16361,16363,16365,16367,16369,16371,16373,16375,16377,16379,16381],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16350,11218],{"class":284},[56,16352,288],{"class":75},[56,16354,9980],{"class":66},[56,16356,938],{"class":937},[56,16358,7149],{"class":941},[56,16360,938],{"class":937},[56,16362,971],{"class":66},[56,16364,1448],{"class":937},[56,16366,12376],{"class":941},[56,16368,938],{"class":937},[56,16370,1080],{"class":66},[56,16372,1448],{"class":937},[56,16374,8787],{"class":941},[56,16376,938],{"class":937},[56,16378,971],{"class":66},[56,16380,7272],{"class":79},[56,16382,8797],{"class":66},[56,16384,16385],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,16386,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,16388,16389,16391,16393,16395],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,16390,63],{"class":62},[56,16392,67],{"class":66},[56,16394,10942],{"class":237},[56,16396,241],{"class":66},[56,16398,16399,16401,16403,16405,16407,16409],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,16400,63],{"class":62},[56,16402,67],{"class":66},[56,16404,1314],{"class":989},[56,16406,67],{"class":66},[56,16408,10942],{"class":237},[56,16410,83],{"class":66},[56,16412,16413,16415,16417,16419,16421,16424],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,16414,63],{"class":62},[56,16416,67],{"class":66},[56,16418,10942],{"class":237},[56,16420,497],{"class":66},[56,16422,16423],{"class":237},"keys",[56,16425,6674],{"class":66},[56,16427,16428,16430,16432,16434,16436,16438],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,16429,63],{"class":62},[56,16431,67],{"class":66},[56,16433,10942],{"class":237},[56,16435,497],{"class":66},[56,16437,4833],{"class":237},[56,16439,6674],{"class":66},[56,16441,16442,16444,16446,16448,16450,16452],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,16443,63],{"class":62},[56,16445,67],{"class":66},[56,16447,10653],{"class":62},[56,16449,67],{"class":66},[56,16451,10942],{"class":237},[56,16453,83],{"class":66},[14,16455,16456],{},[3205,16457,16458],{},"Example output:",[47,16460,16462],{"className":49,"code":16461,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[18,16463,16464,16496,16510,16533,16552],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16465,16466,16468,16470,16472,16474,16476,16478,16480,16482,16484,16486,16488,16490,16492,16494],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16467,8766],{"class":66},[56,16469,1394],{"class":937},[56,16471,7149],{"class":941},[56,16473,1394],{"class":937},[56,16475,971],{"class":66},[56,16477,1389],{"class":937},[56,16479,12376],{"class":941},[56,16481,1394],{"class":937},[56,16483,1080],{"class":66},[56,16485,1389],{"class":937},[56,16487,8787],{"class":941},[56,16489,1394],{"class":937},[56,16491,971],{"class":66},[56,16493,7272],{"class":79},[56,16495,8797],{"class":66},[56,16497,16498,16500,16502,16504,16506,16508],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,16499,1383],{"class":75},[56,16501,1386],{"class":124},[56,16503,1389],{"class":937},[56,16505,8308],{"class":941},[56,16507,1394],{"class":937},[56,16509,1397],{"class":75},[56,16511,16512,16515,16517,16519,16521,16523,16525,16527,16529,16531],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,16513,16514],{"class":237},"dict_keys",[56,16516,1074],{"class":66},[56,16518,1394],{"class":937},[56,16520,7149],{"class":941},[56,16522,1394],{"class":937},[56,16524,1080],{"class":66},[56,16526,1389],{"class":937},[56,16528,8787],{"class":941},[56,16530,1394],{"class":937},[56,16532,3354],{"class":66},[56,16534,16535,16538,16540,16542,16544,16546,16548,16550],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,16536,16537],{"class":237},"dict_values",[56,16539,1074],{"class":66},[56,16541,1394],{"class":937},[56,16543,12376],{"class":941},[56,16545,1394],{"class":937},[56,16547,1080],{"class":66},[56,16549,7272],{"class":79},[56,16551,3354],{"class":66},[56,16553,16554],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,16555,16556],{"class":79},"2\n",[14,16558,16559,16560,255,16566,16572,16573,497],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[372,16561,10227,16563],{"href":16562},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[18,16564,16565],{},"keys()",[372,16567,10227,16569],{"href":16568},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[18,16570,16571],{},"values()",", and ",[372,16574,10227,16576],{"href":16575},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[18,16577,16578],{},"items()",[42,16580,1553],{"id":1552},[615,16582,16584],{"id":16583},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[14,16586,153,16587,964,16589,16591],{},[18,16588,3255],{},[18,16590,8607],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[615,16593,16595],{"id":16594},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[14,16597,16598,16599,497],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[18,16600,16601],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[615,16603,16605],{"id":16604},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[14,16607,16608],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[615,16610,16612],{"id":16611},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[14,16614,16615],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[615,16617,4653,16619,3862,16621,571],{"id":16618},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[18,16620,3255],{},[18,16622,8607],{},[14,16624,16625,16627,16628,16630],{},[18,16626,3255],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[18,16629,8607],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[42,16632,1601],{"id":1600},[26,16634,16635,16639,16645,16649,16655],{},[29,16636,16637],{},[372,16638,8643],{"href":8642},[29,16640,16641],{},[372,16642,10227,16643,10231],{"href":10226},[18,16644,10230],{},[29,16646,16647],{},[372,16648,10743],{"href":10221},[29,16650,16651],{},[372,16652,16654],{"href":16653},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[29,16656,16657],{},[372,16658,10754],{"href":10565},[14,16660,16661],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1633,16663,16664],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":16666},[16667,16668,16669,16670,16673,16676,16681,16682,16687,16688,16693,16694,16702],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":14660,"depth":86,"text":14661},{"id":14678,"depth":86,"text":14666},{"id":14763,"depth":86,"text":14764,"children":16671},[16672],{"id":14915,"depth":102,"text":14916},{"id":8890,"depth":86,"text":8891,"children":16674},[16675],{"id":15094,"depth":102,"text":15095},{"id":15207,"depth":86,"text":16677,"children":16678},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[16679],{"id":15334,"depth":102,"text":16680},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":8932,"depth":86,"text":8933},{"id":15688,"depth":86,"text":15689,"children":16683},[16684,16685,16686],{"id":15709,"depth":102,"text":15710},{"id":15811,"depth":102,"text":15812},{"id":15893,"depth":102,"text":15894},{"id":15979,"depth":86,"text":15980},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912,"children":16689},[16690,16691,16692],{"id":16139,"depth":102,"text":16140},{"id":16197,"depth":102,"text":16198},{"id":16261,"depth":102,"text":16262},{"id":16337,"depth":86,"text":16338},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":16695},[16696,16697,16698,16699,16700],{"id":16583,"depth":102,"text":16584},{"id":16594,"depth":102,"text":16595},{"id":16604,"depth":102,"text":16605},{"id":16611,"depth":102,"text":16612},{"id":16618,"depth":102,"text":16701},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14503,"description":16703},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":16709,"title":16710,"body":16711,"description":19162,"extension":1665,"meta":19163,"navigation":316,"path":19164,"seo":19165,"stem":19166,"__hash__":19167},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":16712,"toc":19118},[16713,16719,16725,16728,16731,16733,16815,16821,16826,16830,16848,16860,16865,16869,16892,16896,16908,16916,16920,16926,16928,16931,17006,17008,17053,17055,17072,17077,17083,17088,17162,17164,17209,17212,17223,17225,17344,17346,17399,17406,17410,17413,17430,17436,17440,17538,17540,17592,17599,17603,17609,17612,17615,17642,17647,17651,17654,17758,17760,17805,17808,17811,17816,17821,17832,17834,17895,17955,17961,17969,17975,17980,17985,18045,18049,18116,18119,18123,18194,18197,18210,18217,18219,18223,18227,18298,18300,18337,18340,18343,18406,18413,18416,18458,18468,18471,18540,18546,18551,18635,18637,18686,18693,18699,18744,18746,18779,18784,18788,18794,18833,18877,18945,18988,18990,18996,18999,19003,19008,19012,19015,19019,19021,19082,19084,19110,19115],[10,16714,10810,16716,10814],{"id":16715},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[18,16717,16718],{},"fromkeys()",[14,16720,16721,16724],{},[18,16722,16723],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[14,16726,16727],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[14,16729,16730],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[42,16732,45],{"id":44},[47,16734,16736],{"className":49,"code":16735,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[18,16737,16738,16771,16799,16810],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16739,16740,16743,16745,16747,16749,16751,16753,16755,16757,16759,16761,16763,16765,16767,16769],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16741,16742],{"class":284},"keys ",[56,16744,288],{"class":75},[56,16746,3080],{"class":66},[56,16748,938],{"class":937},[56,16750,7149],{"class":941},[56,16752,938],{"class":937},[56,16754,1080],{"class":66},[56,16756,1448],{"class":937},[56,16758,8787],{"class":941},[56,16760,938],{"class":937},[56,16762,1080],{"class":66},[56,16764,1448],{"class":937},[56,16766,9898],{"class":941},[56,16768,938],{"class":937},[56,16770,3093],{"class":66},[56,16772,16773,16775,16777,16779,16781,16784,16786,16788,16790,16792,16795,16797],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,16774,12701],{"class":284},[56,16776,288],{"class":75},[56,16778,8658],{"class":989},[56,16780,497],{"class":66},[56,16782,16783],{"class":237},"fromkeys",[56,16785,67],{"class":66},[56,16787,16423],{"class":237},[56,16789,1080],{"class":66},[56,16791,1448],{"class":937},[56,16793,16794],{"class":941},"unknown",[56,16796,938],{"class":937},[56,16798,241],{"class":66},[56,16800,16801,16803,16805,16808],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,16802,63],{"class":62},[56,16804,67],{"class":66},[56,16806,16807],{"class":237},"person",[56,16809,241],{"class":66},[56,16811,16812],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,16813,16814],{"class":3123},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[14,16816,153,16817,16820],{},[18,16818,16819],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[42,16822,3138,16824,3141],{"id":16823},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[18,16825,16723],{},[14,16827,16828,971],{},[18,16829,16723],{},[26,16831,16832,16835,16838,16841],{},[29,16833,16834],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[29,16836,16837],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[29,16839,16840],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[29,16842,16843,16844,16847],{},"Is called as ",[18,16845,16846],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[14,16849,16850,16851,16853,16854,16856,16857,497],{},"This is a class method on ",[18,16852,8308],{},", so you write ",[18,16855,16846],{}," instead of something like ",[18,16858,16859],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[14,16861,16862,16863,497],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[372,16864,8643],{"href":12519},[42,16866,16868],{"id":16867},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[47,16870,16872],{"className":49,"code":16871,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[18,16873,16874],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16875,16876,16878,16880,16882,16884,16886,16888,16890],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16877,8308],{"class":989},[56,16879,497],{"class":66},[56,16881,16783],{"class":237},[56,16883,67],{"class":66},[56,16885,3182],{"class":237},[56,16887,1080],{"class":66},[56,16889,7918],{"class":237},[56,16891,241],{"class":66},[615,16893,16895],{"id":16894},"parameters","Parameters",[26,16897,16898,16903],{},[29,16899,16900,16902],{},[18,16901,3182],{},": the keys to use",[29,16904,16905,16907],{},[18,16906,551],{},": optional starting value for every key",[14,16909,16910,16911,16913,16914,497],{},"If you leave out ",[18,16912,551],{},", each key gets ",[18,16915,3241],{},[615,16917,16919],{"id":16918},"return-value","Return value",[14,16921,16922,16923,497],{},"It returns a ",[3205,16924,16925],{},"new dictionary",[42,16927,5263],{"id":5262},[14,16929,16930],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[47,16932,16934],{"className":49,"code":16933,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,16935,16936,16969,16991,16995],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,16937,16938,16940,16942,16944,16946,16948,16950,16952,16954,16957,16959,16961,16963,16965,16967],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,16939,16742],{"class":284},[56,16941,288],{"class":75},[56,16943,3080],{"class":66},[56,16945,938],{"class":937},[56,16947,12589],{"class":941},[56,16949,938],{"class":937},[56,16951,1080],{"class":66},[56,16953,1448],{"class":937},[56,16955,16956],{"class":941},"green",[56,16958,938],{"class":937},[56,16960,1080],{"class":66},[56,16962,1448],{"class":937},[56,16964,12606],{"class":941},[56,16966,938],{"class":937},[56,16968,3093],{"class":66},[56,16970,16971,16973,16975,16977,16979,16981,16983,16985,16987,16989],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,16972,12572],{"class":284},[56,16974,288],{"class":75},[56,16976,8658],{"class":989},[56,16978,497],{"class":66},[56,16980,16783],{"class":237},[56,16982,67],{"class":66},[56,16984,16423],{"class":237},[56,16986,1080],{"class":66},[56,16988,3297],{"class":79},[56,16990,241],{"class":66},[56,16992,16993],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,16994,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,16996,16997,16999,17001,17004],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,16998,63],{"class":62},[56,17000,67],{"class":66},[56,17002,17003],{"class":237},"colors",[56,17005,241],{"class":66},[14,17007,130],{},[47,17009,17011],{"className":49,"code":17010,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[18,17012,17013],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17014,17015,17017,17019,17021,17023,17025,17027,17029,17031,17033,17035,17037,17039,17041,17043,17045,17047,17049,17051],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17016,8766],{"class":66},[56,17018,1394],{"class":937},[56,17020,12589],{"class":941},[56,17022,1394],{"class":937},[56,17024,971],{"class":66},[56,17026,3297],{"class":79},[56,17028,1080],{"class":66},[56,17030,1389],{"class":937},[56,17032,16956],{"class":941},[56,17034,1394],{"class":937},[56,17036,971],{"class":66},[56,17038,3297],{"class":79},[56,17040,1080],{"class":66},[56,17042,1389],{"class":937},[56,17044,12606],{"class":941},[56,17046,1394],{"class":937},[56,17048,971],{"class":66},[56,17050,3297],{"class":79},[56,17052,8797],{"class":66},[14,17054,11177],{},[26,17056,17057,17062,17067],{},[29,17058,17059,17061],{},[18,17060,16423],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[29,17063,17064,17066],{},[18,17065,181],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[29,17068,17069,17071],{},[18,17070,16723],{}," returns the new dictionary",[14,17073,17074,17075,497],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[372,17076,8880],{"href":12522},[42,17078,7902,17080,17082],{"id":17079},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[18,17081,16718],{}," without a value",[14,17084,17085,17086,497],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[18,17087,3241],{},[47,17089,17091],{"className":49,"code":17090,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[18,17092,17093,17127,17147,17151],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17094,17095,17098,17100,17102,17104,17106,17108,17110,17112,17114,17116,17118,17120,17123,17125],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17096,17097],{"class":284},"fields ",[56,17099,288],{"class":75},[56,17101,3080],{"class":66},[56,17103,938],{"class":937},[56,17105,7468],{"class":941},[56,17107,938],{"class":937},[56,17109,1080],{"class":66},[56,17111,1448],{"class":937},[56,17113,14757],{"class":941},[56,17115,938],{"class":937},[56,17117,1080],{"class":66},[56,17119,1448],{"class":937},[56,17121,17122],{"class":941},"password",[56,17124,938],{"class":937},[56,17126,3093],{"class":66},[56,17128,17129,17132,17134,17136,17138,17140,17142,17145],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,17130,17131],{"class":284},"user_data ",[56,17133,288],{"class":75},[56,17135,8658],{"class":989},[56,17137,497],{"class":66},[56,17139,16783],{"class":237},[56,17141,67],{"class":66},[56,17143,17144],{"class":237},"fields",[56,17146,241],{"class":66},[56,17148,17149],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,17150,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,17152,17153,17155,17157,17160],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,17154,63],{"class":62},[56,17156,67],{"class":66},[56,17158,17159],{"class":237},"user_data",[56,17161,241],{"class":66},[14,17163,130],{},[47,17165,17167],{"className":49,"code":17166,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[18,17168,17169],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17170,17171,17173,17175,17177,17179,17181,17183,17185,17187,17189,17191,17193,17195,17197,17199,17201,17203,17205,17207],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17172,8766],{"class":66},[56,17174,1394],{"class":937},[56,17176,7468],{"class":941},[56,17178,1394],{"class":937},[56,17180,971],{"class":66},[56,17182,3317],{"class":3316},[56,17184,1080],{"class":66},[56,17186,1389],{"class":937},[56,17188,14757],{"class":941},[56,17190,1394],{"class":937},[56,17192,971],{"class":66},[56,17194,3317],{"class":3316},[56,17196,1080],{"class":66},[56,17198,1389],{"class":937},[56,17200,17122],{"class":941},[56,17202,1394],{"class":937},[56,17204,971],{"class":66},[56,17206,3317],{"class":3316},[56,17208,8797],{"class":66},[14,17210,17211],{},"This is useful when:",[26,17213,17214,17217,17220],{},[29,17215,17216],{},"You want to create the keys first",[29,17218,17219],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[29,17221,17222],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[14,17224,274],{},[47,17226,17228],{"className":49,"code":17227,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[18,17229,17230,17262,17280,17284,17307,17330,17334],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17231,17232,17234,17236,17238,17240,17242,17244,17246,17248,17250,17252,17254,17256,17258,17260],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17233,17097],{"class":284},[56,17235,288],{"class":75},[56,17237,3080],{"class":66},[56,17239,938],{"class":937},[56,17241,7468],{"class":941},[56,17243,938],{"class":937},[56,17245,1080],{"class":66},[56,17247,1448],{"class":937},[56,17249,14757],{"class":941},[56,17251,938],{"class":937},[56,17253,1080],{"class":66},[56,17255,1448],{"class":937},[56,17257,17122],{"class":941},[56,17259,938],{"class":937},[56,17261,3093],{"class":66},[56,17263,17264,17266,17268,17270,17272,17274,17276,17278],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,17265,17131],{"class":284},[56,17267,288],{"class":75},[56,17269,8658],{"class":989},[56,17271,497],{"class":66},[56,17273,16783],{"class":237},[56,17275,67],{"class":66},[56,17277,17144],{"class":237},[56,17279,241],{"class":66},[56,17281,17282],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,17283,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,17285,17286,17288,17290,17292,17294,17296,17298,17300,17302,17305],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,17287,17159],{"class":284},[56,17289,3366],{"class":66},[56,17291,938],{"class":937},[56,17293,7468],{"class":941},[56,17295,938],{"class":937},[56,17297,12770],{"class":66},[56,17299,12773],{"class":75},[56,17301,1448],{"class":937},[56,17303,17304],{"class":941},"alice",[56,17306,1454],{"class":937},[56,17308,17309,17311,17313,17315,17317,17319,17321,17323,17325,17328],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,17310,17159],{"class":284},[56,17312,3366],{"class":66},[56,17314,938],{"class":937},[56,17316,14757],{"class":941},[56,17318,938],{"class":937},[56,17320,12770],{"class":66},[56,17322,12773],{"class":75},[56,17324,1448],{"class":937},[56,17326,17327],{"class":941},"alice@example.com",[56,17329,1454],{"class":937},[56,17331,17332],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,17333,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,17335,17336,17338,17340,17342],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,17337,63],{"class":62},[56,17339,67],{"class":66},[56,17341,17159],{"class":237},[56,17343,241],{"class":66},[14,17345,130],{},[47,17347,17349],{"className":49,"code":17348,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[18,17350,17351],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17352,17353,17355,17357,17359,17361,17363,17365,17367,17369,17371,17373,17375,17377,17379,17381,17383,17385,17387,17389,17391,17393,17395,17397],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17354,8766],{"class":66},[56,17356,1394],{"class":937},[56,17358,7468],{"class":941},[56,17360,1394],{"class":937},[56,17362,971],{"class":66},[56,17364,1389],{"class":937},[56,17366,17304],{"class":941},[56,17368,1394],{"class":937},[56,17370,1080],{"class":66},[56,17372,1389],{"class":937},[56,17374,14757],{"class":941},[56,17376,1394],{"class":937},[56,17378,971],{"class":66},[56,17380,1389],{"class":937},[56,17382,17327],{"class":941},[56,17384,1394],{"class":937},[56,17386,1080],{"class":66},[56,17388,1389],{"class":937},[56,17390,17122],{"class":941},[56,17392,1394],{"class":937},[56,17394,971],{"class":66},[56,17396,3317],{"class":3316},[56,17398,8797],{"class":66},[14,17400,17401,17402,497],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[372,17403,17405],{"href":17404},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[42,17407,17409],{"id":17408},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[14,17411,17412],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[26,17414,17415,17420,17425],{},[29,17416,17417,17419],{},[18,17418,3250],{}," (list)",[29,17421,17422,17424],{},[18,17423,3255],{}," (dictionary)",[29,17426,17427,17429],{},[18,17428,3260],{}," (set)",[14,17431,17432,17433,497],{},"All keys will point to the ",[3205,17434,17435],{},"same object",[615,17437,17439],{"id":17438},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[47,17441,17443],{"className":49,"code":17442,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,17444,17445,17477,17498,17502,17524,17528],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17446,17447,17449,17451,17453,17455,17457,17459,17461,17463,17465,17467,17469,17471,17473,17475],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17448,16742],{"class":284},[56,17450,288],{"class":75},[56,17452,3080],{"class":66},[56,17454,938],{"class":937},[56,17456,372],{"class":941},[56,17458,938],{"class":937},[56,17460,1080],{"class":66},[56,17462,1448],{"class":937},[56,17464,4232],{"class":941},[56,17466,938],{"class":937},[56,17468,1080],{"class":66},[56,17470,1448],{"class":937},[56,17472,9228],{"class":941},[56,17474,938],{"class":937},[56,17476,3093],{"class":66},[56,17478,17479,17481,17483,17485,17487,17489,17491,17493,17495],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,17480,8653],{"class":284},[56,17482,288],{"class":75},[56,17484,8658],{"class":989},[56,17486,497],{"class":66},[56,17488,16783],{"class":237},[56,17490,67],{"class":66},[56,17492,16423],{"class":237},[56,17494,1080],{"class":66},[56,17496,17497],{"class":66}," [])\n",[56,17499,17500],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,17501,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,17503,17504,17506,17508,17510,17512,17514,17516,17518,17520,17522],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,17505,8692],{"class":284},[56,17507,3366],{"class":66},[56,17509,938],{"class":937},[56,17511,372],{"class":941},[56,17513,938],{"class":937},[56,17515,13047],{"class":66},[56,17517,13050],{"class":237},[56,17519,67],{"class":66},[56,17521,1077],{"class":79},[56,17523,241],{"class":66},[56,17525,17526],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,17527,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,17529,17530,17532,17534,17536],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,17531,63],{"class":62},[56,17533,67],{"class":66},[56,17535,8692],{"class":237},[56,17537,241],{"class":66},[14,17539,130],{},[47,17541,17543],{"className":49,"code":17542,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[18,17544,17545],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17546,17547,17549,17551,17553,17555,17557,17559,17561,17564,17566,17568,17570,17572,17574,17576,17578,17580,17582,17584,17586,17588,17590],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17548,8766],{"class":66},[56,17550,1394],{"class":937},[56,17552,372],{"class":941},[56,17554,1394],{"class":937},[56,17556,971],{"class":66},[56,17558,3080],{"class":66},[56,17560,1077],{"class":79},[56,17562,17563],{"class":66},"],",[56,17565,1389],{"class":937},[56,17567,4232],{"class":941},[56,17569,1394],{"class":937},[56,17571,971],{"class":66},[56,17573,3080],{"class":66},[56,17575,1077],{"class":79},[56,17577,17563],{"class":66},[56,17579,1389],{"class":937},[56,17581,9228],{"class":941},[56,17583,1394],{"class":937},[56,17585,971],{"class":66},[56,17587,3080],{"class":66},[56,17589,1077],{"class":79},[56,17591,13203],{"class":66},[14,17593,17594,17595,17598],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[18,17596,17597],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[615,17600,17602],{"id":17601},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[14,17604,17605,17608],{},[18,17606,17607],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[14,17610,17611],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[14,17613,17614],{},"So this:",[47,17616,17618],{"className":49,"code":17617,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[18,17619,17620],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17621,17622,17624,17626,17628,17630,17632,17634,17636,17638,17640],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17623,8692],{"class":284},[56,17625,3366],{"class":66},[56,17627,938],{"class":937},[56,17629,372],{"class":941},[56,17631,938],{"class":937},[56,17633,13047],{"class":66},[56,17635,13050],{"class":237},[56,17637,67],{"class":66},[56,17639,1077],{"class":79},[56,17641,241],{"class":66},[14,17643,17644,17645,497],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[18,17646,17597],{},[615,17648,17650],{"id":17649},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[14,17652,17653],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[47,17655,17657],{"className":49,"code":17656,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,17658,17659,17691,17718,17722,17744,17748],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17660,17661,17663,17665,17667,17669,17671,17673,17675,17677,17679,17681,17683,17685,17687,17689],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17662,16742],{"class":284},[56,17664,288],{"class":75},[56,17666,3080],{"class":66},[56,17668,938],{"class":937},[56,17670,372],{"class":941},[56,17672,938],{"class":937},[56,17674,1080],{"class":66},[56,17676,1448],{"class":937},[56,17678,4232],{"class":941},[56,17680,938],{"class":937},[56,17682,1080],{"class":66},[56,17684,1448],{"class":937},[56,17686,9228],{"class":941},[56,17688,938],{"class":937},[56,17690,3093],{"class":66},[56,17692,17693,17695,17697,17699,17701,17703,17706,17708,17711,17713,17716],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,17694,8653],{"class":284},[56,17696,288],{"class":75},[56,17698,9980],{"class":66},[56,17700,14339],{"class":284},[56,17702,971],{"class":66},[56,17704,17705],{"class":66}," []",[56,17707,3342],{"class":3341},[56,17709,17710],{"class":284}," key ",[56,17712,3348],{"class":3341},[56,17714,17715],{"class":284}," keys",[56,17717,8797],{"class":66},[56,17719,17720],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,17721,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,17723,17724,17726,17728,17730,17732,17734,17736,17738,17740,17742],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,17725,8692],{"class":284},[56,17727,3366],{"class":66},[56,17729,938],{"class":937},[56,17731,372],{"class":941},[56,17733,938],{"class":937},[56,17735,13047],{"class":66},[56,17737,13050],{"class":237},[56,17739,67],{"class":66},[56,17741,1077],{"class":79},[56,17743,241],{"class":66},[56,17745,17746],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,17747,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,17749,17750,17752,17754,17756],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,17751,63],{"class":62},[56,17753,67],{"class":66},[56,17755,8692],{"class":237},[56,17757,241],{"class":66},[14,17759,130],{},[47,17761,17763],{"className":49,"code":17762,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[18,17764,17765],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17766,17767,17769,17771,17773,17775,17777,17779,17781,17783,17785,17787,17789,17791,17794,17796,17798,17800,17802],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17768,8766],{"class":66},[56,17770,1394],{"class":937},[56,17772,372],{"class":941},[56,17774,1394],{"class":937},[56,17776,971],{"class":66},[56,17778,3080],{"class":66},[56,17780,1077],{"class":79},[56,17782,17563],{"class":66},[56,17784,1389],{"class":937},[56,17786,4232],{"class":941},[56,17788,1394],{"class":937},[56,17790,971],{"class":66},[56,17792,17793],{"class":66}," [],",[56,17795,1389],{"class":937},[56,17797,9228],{"class":941},[56,17799,1394],{"class":937},[56,17801,971],{"class":66},[56,17803,17804],{"class":66}," []}\n",[14,17806,17807],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[14,17809,17810],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[42,17812,4433,17814],{"id":17813},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[18,17815,16718],{},[14,17817,17818,17820],{},[18,17819,16723],{}," is a good choice when:",[26,17822,17823,17826,17829],{},[29,17824,17825],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[29,17827,17828],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[29,17830,17831],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[14,17833,187],{},[47,17835,17837],{"className":49,"code":17836,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[18,17838,17839,17884],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17840,17841,17844,17846,17848,17850,17852,17854,17856,17859,17861,17863,17865,17867,17869,17871,17873,17876,17878,17880,17882],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17842,17843],{"class":284},"flags ",[56,17845,288],{"class":75},[56,17847,8658],{"class":989},[56,17849,497],{"class":66},[56,17851,16783],{"class":237},[56,17853,1074],{"class":66},[56,17855,938],{"class":937},[56,17857,17858],{"class":941},"is_admin",[56,17860,938],{"class":937},[56,17862,1080],{"class":66},[56,17864,1448],{"class":937},[56,17866,14577],{"class":941},[56,17868,938],{"class":937},[56,17870,1080],{"class":66},[56,17872,1448],{"class":937},[56,17874,17875],{"class":941},"is_verified",[56,17877,938],{"class":937},[56,17879,17563],{"class":66},[56,17881,3373],{"class":3316},[56,17883,241],{"class":66},[56,17885,17886,17888,17890,17893],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,17887,63],{"class":62},[56,17889,67],{"class":66},[56,17891,17892],{"class":237},"flags",[56,17894,241],{"class":66},[47,17896,17898],{"className":49,"code":17897,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,17899,17900,17945],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17901,17902,17904,17906,17908,17910,17912,17914,17916,17919,17921,17923,17925,17928,17930,17932,17934,17937,17939,17941,17943],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17903,4536],{"class":284},[56,17905,288],{"class":75},[56,17907,8658],{"class":989},[56,17909,497],{"class":66},[56,17911,16783],{"class":237},[56,17913,1074],{"class":66},[56,17915,938],{"class":937},[56,17917,17918],{"class":941},"math",[56,17920,938],{"class":937},[56,17922,1080],{"class":66},[56,17924,1448],{"class":937},[56,17926,17927],{"class":941},"science",[56,17929,938],{"class":937},[56,17931,1080],{"class":66},[56,17933,1448],{"class":937},[56,17935,17936],{"class":941},"history",[56,17938,938],{"class":937},[56,17940,17563],{"class":66},[56,17942,3297],{"class":79},[56,17944,241],{"class":66},[56,17946,17947,17949,17951,17953],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,17948,63],{"class":62},[56,17950,67],{"class":66},[56,17952,15888],{"class":237},[56,17954,241],{"class":66},[14,17956,17957,17958,17960],{},"It is ",[3205,17959,4101],{}," the best choice when:",[26,17962,17963,17966],{},[29,17964,17965],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[29,17967,17968],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[42,17970,17972,17974],{"id":17971},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[18,17973,16718],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[14,17976,17977,17979],{},[18,17978,16718],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[615,17981,7902,17983],{"id":17982},"using-fromkeys",[18,17984,16718],{},[47,17986,17988],{"className":49,"code":17987,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[18,17989,17990,18035],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,17991,17992,17994,17996,17998,18000,18002,18004,18006,18009,18011,18013,18015,18018,18020,18022,18024,18027,18029,18031,18033],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,17993,13323],{"class":284},[56,17995,288],{"class":75},[56,17997,8658],{"class":989},[56,17999,497],{"class":66},[56,18001,16783],{"class":237},[56,18003,1074],{"class":66},[56,18005,938],{"class":937},[56,18007,18008],{"class":941},"sound",[56,18010,938],{"class":937},[56,18012,1080],{"class":66},[56,18014,1448],{"class":937},[56,18016,18017],{"class":941},"music",[56,18019,938],{"class":937},[56,18021,1080],{"class":66},[56,18023,1448],{"class":937},[56,18025,18026],{"class":941},"notifications",[56,18028,938],{"class":937},[56,18030,17563],{"class":66},[56,18032,3382],{"class":3316},[56,18034,241],{"class":66},[56,18036,18037,18039,18041,18043],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,18038,63],{"class":62},[56,18040,67],{"class":66},[56,18042,13382],{"class":237},[56,18044,241],{"class":66},[615,18046,18048],{"id":18047},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[47,18050,18052],{"className":49,"code":18051,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[18,18053,18054,18062,18076,18090,18102,18106],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18055,18056,18058,18060],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18057,13323],{"class":284},[56,18059,288],{"class":75},[56,18061,10986],{"class":66},[56,18063,18064,18066,18068,18070,18072,18074],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,18065,10991],{"class":937},[56,18067,18008],{"class":941},[56,18069,938],{"class":937},[56,18071,971],{"class":66},[56,18073,3382],{"class":3316},[56,18075,11007],{"class":66},[56,18077,18078,18080,18082,18084,18086,18088],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,18079,10991],{"class":937},[56,18081,18017],{"class":941},[56,18083,938],{"class":937},[56,18085,971],{"class":66},[56,18087,3373],{"class":3316},[56,18089,11007],{"class":66},[56,18091,18092,18094,18096,18098,18100],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,18093,10991],{"class":937},[56,18095,18026],{"class":941},[56,18097,938],{"class":937},[56,18099,971],{"class":66},[56,18101,5901],{"class":3316},[56,18103,18104],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,18105,8797],{"class":66},[56,18107,18108,18110,18112,18114],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,18109,63],{"class":62},[56,18111,67],{"class":66},[56,18113,13382],{"class":237},[56,18115,241],{"class":66},[14,18117,18118],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[615,18120,18122],{"id":18121},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[47,18124,18126],{"className":49,"code":18125,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[18,18127,18128,18160,18184],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18129,18130,18132,18134,18136,18138,18140,18142,18144,18146,18148,18150,18152,18154,18156,18158],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18131,16742],{"class":284},[56,18133,288],{"class":75},[56,18135,3080],{"class":66},[56,18137,938],{"class":937},[56,18139,372],{"class":941},[56,18141,938],{"class":937},[56,18143,1080],{"class":66},[56,18145,1448],{"class":937},[56,18147,4232],{"class":941},[56,18149,938],{"class":937},[56,18151,1080],{"class":66},[56,18153,1448],{"class":937},[56,18155,9228],{"class":941},[56,18157,938],{"class":937},[56,18159,3093],{"class":66},[56,18161,18162,18164,18166,18168,18170,18172,18174,18176,18178,18180,18182],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,18163,8653],{"class":284},[56,18165,288],{"class":75},[56,18167,9980],{"class":66},[56,18169,14339],{"class":284},[56,18171,971],{"class":66},[56,18173,17705],{"class":66},[56,18175,3342],{"class":3341},[56,18177,17710],{"class":284},[56,18179,3348],{"class":3341},[56,18181,17715],{"class":284},[56,18183,8797],{"class":66},[56,18185,18186,18188,18190,18192],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,18187,63],{"class":62},[56,18189,67],{"class":66},[56,18191,8692],{"class":237},[56,18193,241],{"class":66},[14,18195,18196],{},"Use:",[26,18198,18199,18204,18207],{},[29,18200,18201,18203],{},[18,18202,16718],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[29,18205,18206],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[29,18208,18209],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[14,18211,18212,18213,497],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[372,18214,10227,18215,10231],{"href":13530},[18,18216,14452],{},[42,18218,912],{"id":911},[14,18220,14231,18221,497],{},[18,18222,16723],{},[615,18224,18226],{"id":18225},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[47,18228,18230],{"className":49,"code":18229,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[18,18231,18232,18265,18288],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18233,18234,18237,18239,18241,18243,18245,18247,18249,18251,18253,18255,18257,18259,18261,18263],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18235,18236],{"class":284},"d ",[56,18238,288],{"class":75},[56,18240,8658],{"class":989},[56,18242,497],{"class":66},[56,18244,16783],{"class":237},[56,18246,1074],{"class":66},[56,18248,938],{"class":937},[56,18250,372],{"class":941},[56,18252,938],{"class":937},[56,18254,1080],{"class":66},[56,18256,1448],{"class":937},[56,18258,4232],{"class":941},[56,18260,938],{"class":937},[56,18262,17563],{"class":66},[56,18264,17497],{"class":66},[56,18266,18267,18270,18272,18274,18276,18278,18280,18282,18284,18286],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,18268,18269],{"class":284},"d",[56,18271,3366],{"class":66},[56,18273,938],{"class":937},[56,18275,372],{"class":941},[56,18277,938],{"class":937},[56,18279,13047],{"class":66},[56,18281,13050],{"class":237},[56,18283,67],{"class":66},[56,18285,1077],{"class":79},[56,18287,241],{"class":66},[56,18289,18290,18292,18294,18296],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,18291,63],{"class":62},[56,18293,67],{"class":66},[56,18295,18269],{"class":237},[56,18297,241],{"class":66},[14,18299,130],{},[47,18301,18303],{"className":49,"code":18302,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[18,18304,18305],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18306,18307,18309,18311,18313,18315,18317,18319,18321,18323,18325,18327,18329,18331,18333,18335],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18308,8766],{"class":66},[56,18310,1394],{"class":937},[56,18312,372],{"class":941},[56,18314,1394],{"class":937},[56,18316,971],{"class":66},[56,18318,3080],{"class":66},[56,18320,1077],{"class":79},[56,18322,17563],{"class":66},[56,18324,1389],{"class":937},[56,18326,4232],{"class":941},[56,18328,1394],{"class":937},[56,18330,971],{"class":66},[56,18332,3080],{"class":66},[56,18334,1077],{"class":79},[56,18336,13203],{"class":66},[14,18338,18339],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[14,18341,18342],{},"Use this instead:",[47,18344,18346],{"className":49,"code":18345,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[18,18347,18348,18372,18396],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18349,18350,18352,18354,18356,18358,18360,18362,18364,18366,18368,18370],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18351,16742],{"class":284},[56,18353,288],{"class":75},[56,18355,3080],{"class":66},[56,18357,938],{"class":937},[56,18359,372],{"class":941},[56,18361,938],{"class":937},[56,18363,1080],{"class":66},[56,18365,1448],{"class":937},[56,18367,4232],{"class":941},[56,18369,938],{"class":937},[56,18371,3093],{"class":66},[56,18373,18374,18376,18378,18380,18382,18384,18386,18388,18390,18392,18394],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,18375,18236],{"class":284},[56,18377,288],{"class":75},[56,18379,9980],{"class":66},[56,18381,14339],{"class":284},[56,18383,971],{"class":66},[56,18385,17705],{"class":66},[56,18387,3342],{"class":3341},[56,18389,17710],{"class":284},[56,18391,3348],{"class":3341},[56,18393,17715],{"class":284},[56,18395,8797],{"class":66},[56,18397,18398,18400,18402,18404],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,18399,63],{"class":62},[56,18401,67],{"class":66},[56,18403,18269],{"class":237},[56,18405,241],{"class":66},[615,18407,18409,18410,18412],{"id":18408},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[18,18411,16718],{}," on a list",[14,18414,18415],{},"Wrong idea:",[47,18417,18419],{"className":49,"code":18418,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[18,18420,18421,18453],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18422,18423,18425,18427,18429,18431,18433,18435,18437,18439,18441,18443,18445,18447,18449,18451],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18424,16742],{"class":284},[56,18426,288],{"class":75},[56,18428,3080],{"class":66},[56,18430,938],{"class":937},[56,18432,372],{"class":941},[56,18434,938],{"class":937},[56,18436,1080],{"class":66},[56,18438,1448],{"class":937},[56,18440,4232],{"class":941},[56,18442,938],{"class":937},[56,18444,1080],{"class":66},[56,18446,1448],{"class":937},[56,18448,9228],{"class":941},[56,18450,938],{"class":937},[56,18452,3093],{"class":66},[56,18454,18455],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,18456,18457],{"class":3123},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[14,18459,18460,18462,18463,18465,18466,497],{},[18,18461,16718],{}," belongs to ",[18,18464,8308],{},", not ",[18,18467,7577],{},[14,18469,18470],{},"Correct usage:",[47,18472,18474],{"className":49,"code":18473,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[18,18475,18476,18508,18530],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18477,18478,18480,18482,18484,18486,18488,18490,18492,18494,18496,18498,18500,18502,18504,18506],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18479,16742],{"class":284},[56,18481,288],{"class":75},[56,18483,3080],{"class":66},[56,18485,938],{"class":937},[56,18487,372],{"class":941},[56,18489,938],{"class":937},[56,18491,1080],{"class":66},[56,18493,1448],{"class":937},[56,18495,4232],{"class":941},[56,18497,938],{"class":937},[56,18499,1080],{"class":66},[56,18501,1448],{"class":937},[56,18503,9228],{"class":941},[56,18505,938],{"class":937},[56,18507,3093],{"class":66},[56,18509,18510,18512,18514,18516,18518,18520,18522,18524,18526,18528],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,18511,18236],{"class":284},[56,18513,288],{"class":75},[56,18515,8658],{"class":989},[56,18517,497],{"class":66},[56,18519,16783],{"class":237},[56,18521,67],{"class":66},[56,18523,16423],{"class":237},[56,18525,1080],{"class":66},[56,18527,3297],{"class":79},[56,18529,241],{"class":66},[56,18531,18532,18534,18536,18538],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,18533,63],{"class":62},[56,18535,67],{"class":66},[56,18537,18269],{"class":237},[56,18539,241],{"class":66},[615,18541,7938,18543,18545],{"id":18542},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[18,18544,16718],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[14,18547,18548,18550],{},[18,18549,16723],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[47,18552,18554],{"className":49,"code":18553,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[18,18555,18556,18576,18610,18614,18624],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18557,18558,18560,18562,18564,18566,18568,18570,18572,18574],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18559,11580],{"class":284},[56,18561,288],{"class":75},[56,18563,9980],{"class":66},[56,18565,938],{"class":937},[56,18567,238],{"class":941},[56,18569,938],{"class":937},[56,18571,971],{"class":66},[56,18573,4973],{"class":79},[56,18575,8797],{"class":66},[56,18577,18578,18580,18582,18584,18586,18588,18590,18592,18594,18596,18598,18600,18602,18604,18606,18608],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,18579,12534],{"class":284},[56,18581,288],{"class":75},[56,18583,8658],{"class":989},[56,18585,497],{"class":66},[56,18587,16783],{"class":237},[56,18589,1074],{"class":66},[56,18591,938],{"class":937},[56,18593,372],{"class":941},[56,18595,938],{"class":937},[56,18597,1080],{"class":66},[56,18599,1448],{"class":937},[56,18601,4232],{"class":941},[56,18603,938],{"class":937},[56,18605,17563],{"class":66},[56,18607,3297],{"class":79},[56,18609,241],{"class":66},[56,18611,18612],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,18613,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,18615,18616,18618,18620,18622],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,18617,63],{"class":62},[56,18619,67],{"class":66},[56,18621,11627],{"class":237},[56,18623,241],{"class":66},[56,18625,18626,18628,18630,18633],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,18627,63],{"class":62},[56,18629,67],{"class":66},[56,18631,18632],{"class":237},"new_dict",[56,18634,241],{"class":66},[14,18636,130],{},[47,18638,18640],{"className":49,"code":18639,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[18,18641,18642,18658],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18643,18644,18646,18648,18650,18652,18654,18656],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18645,8766],{"class":66},[56,18647,1394],{"class":937},[56,18649,238],{"class":941},[56,18651,1394],{"class":937},[56,18653,971],{"class":66},[56,18655,4973],{"class":79},[56,18657,8797],{"class":66},[56,18659,18660,18662,18664,18666,18668,18670,18672,18674,18676,18678,18680,18682,18684],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,18661,8766],{"class":66},[56,18663,1394],{"class":937},[56,18665,372],{"class":941},[56,18667,1394],{"class":937},[56,18669,971],{"class":66},[56,18671,3297],{"class":79},[56,18673,1080],{"class":66},[56,18675,1389],{"class":937},[56,18677,4232],{"class":941},[56,18679,1394],{"class":937},[56,18681,971],{"class":66},[56,18683,3297],{"class":79},[56,18685,8797],{"class":66},[14,18687,18688,18689,497],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[372,18690,10227,18691,10231],{"href":13530},[18,18692,14452],{},[615,18694,18696,18697],{"id":18695},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[18,18698,3241],{},[47,18700,18702],{"className":49,"code":18701,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[18,18703,18704,18734],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18705,18706,18708,18710,18712,18714,18716,18718,18720,18722,18724,18726,18728,18730,18732],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18707,18236],{"class":284},[56,18709,288],{"class":75},[56,18711,8658],{"class":989},[56,18713,497],{"class":66},[56,18715,16783],{"class":237},[56,18717,1074],{"class":66},[56,18719,938],{"class":937},[56,18721,238],{"class":941},[56,18723,938],{"class":937},[56,18725,1080],{"class":66},[56,18727,1448],{"class":937},[56,18729,11239],{"class":941},[56,18731,938],{"class":937},[56,18733,3354],{"class":66},[56,18735,18736,18738,18740,18742],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,18737,63],{"class":62},[56,18739,67],{"class":66},[56,18741,18269],{"class":237},[56,18743,241],{"class":66},[14,18745,130],{},[47,18747,18749],{"className":49,"code":18748,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[18,18750,18751],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18752,18753,18755,18757,18759,18761,18763,18765,18767,18769,18771,18773,18775,18777],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18754,8766],{"class":66},[56,18756,1394],{"class":937},[56,18758,238],{"class":941},[56,18760,1394],{"class":937},[56,18762,971],{"class":66},[56,18764,3317],{"class":3316},[56,18766,1080],{"class":66},[56,18768,1389],{"class":937},[56,18770,11239],{"class":941},[56,18772,1394],{"class":937},[56,18774,971],{"class":66},[56,18776,3317],{"class":3316},[56,18778,8797],{"class":66},[14,18780,18781,18782,497],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[18,18783,3241],{},[42,18785,18787],{"id":18786},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[14,18789,18790,18791,18793],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[18,18792,16718],{}," works.",[47,18795,18797],{"className":49,"code":18796,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[18,18798,18799],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18800,18801,18803,18805,18807,18809,18811,18813,18815,18817,18819,18821,18823,18825,18827,18829,18831],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18802,63],{"class":62},[56,18804,67],{"class":66},[56,18806,8308],{"class":989},[56,18808,497],{"class":66},[56,18810,16783],{"class":237},[56,18812,1074],{"class":66},[56,18814,938],{"class":937},[56,18816,372],{"class":941},[56,18818,938],{"class":937},[56,18820,1080],{"class":66},[56,18822,1448],{"class":937},[56,18824,4232],{"class":941},[56,18826,938],{"class":937},[56,18828,17563],{"class":66},[56,18830,3297],{"class":79},[56,18832,83],{"class":66},[47,18834,18835],{"className":49,"code":18701,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,18836,18837,18867],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18838,18839,18841,18843,18845,18847,18849,18851,18853,18855,18857,18859,18861,18863,18865],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18840,18236],{"class":284},[56,18842,288],{"class":75},[56,18844,8658],{"class":989},[56,18846,497],{"class":66},[56,18848,16783],{"class":237},[56,18850,1074],{"class":66},[56,18852,938],{"class":937},[56,18854,238],{"class":941},[56,18856,938],{"class":937},[56,18858,1080],{"class":66},[56,18860,1448],{"class":937},[56,18862,11239],{"class":941},[56,18864,938],{"class":937},[56,18866,3354],{"class":66},[56,18868,18869,18871,18873,18875],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,18870,63],{"class":62},[56,18872,67],{"class":66},[56,18874,18269],{"class":237},[56,18876,241],{"class":66},[47,18878,18879],{"className":49,"code":18229,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,18880,18881,18913,18935],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18882,18883,18885,18887,18889,18891,18893,18895,18897,18899,18901,18903,18905,18907,18909,18911],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18884,18236],{"class":284},[56,18886,288],{"class":75},[56,18888,8658],{"class":989},[56,18890,497],{"class":66},[56,18892,16783],{"class":237},[56,18894,1074],{"class":66},[56,18896,938],{"class":937},[56,18898,372],{"class":941},[56,18900,938],{"class":937},[56,18902,1080],{"class":66},[56,18904,1448],{"class":937},[56,18906,4232],{"class":941},[56,18908,938],{"class":937},[56,18910,17563],{"class":66},[56,18912,17497],{"class":66},[56,18914,18915,18917,18919,18921,18923,18925,18927,18929,18931,18933],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,18916,18269],{"class":284},[56,18918,3366],{"class":66},[56,18920,938],{"class":937},[56,18922,372],{"class":941},[56,18924,938],{"class":937},[56,18926,13047],{"class":66},[56,18928,13050],{"class":237},[56,18930,67],{"class":66},[56,18932,1077],{"class":79},[56,18934,241],{"class":66},[56,18936,18937,18939,18941,18943],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,18938,63],{"class":62},[56,18940,67],{"class":66},[56,18942,18269],{"class":237},[56,18944,241],{"class":66},[47,18946,18948],{"className":49,"code":18947,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[18,18949,18950],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,18951,18952,18954,18956,18958,18960,18962,18964,18966,18968,18970,18972,18974,18976,18978,18980,18982,18984,18986],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,18953,63],{"class":62},[56,18955,67],{"class":66},[56,18957,1314],{"class":989},[56,18959,67],{"class":66},[56,18961,8308],{"class":989},[56,18963,497],{"class":66},[56,18965,16783],{"class":237},[56,18967,1074],{"class":66},[56,18969,1077],{"class":79},[56,18971,1080],{"class":66},[56,18973,1083],{"class":79},[56,18975,1080],{"class":66},[56,18977,529],{"class":79},[56,18979,17563],{"class":66},[56,18981,1448],{"class":937},[56,18983,551],{"class":941},[56,18985,938],{"class":937},[56,18987,1000],{"class":66},[42,18989,1553],{"id":1552},[615,18991,12199,18993,18995],{"id":18992},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[18,18994,16718],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[14,18997,18998],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[615,19000,19002],{"id":19001},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[14,19004,19005,19006,497],{},"Each key gets ",[18,19007,3241],{},[615,19009,19011],{"id":19010},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[14,19013,19014],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[615,19016,19018],{"id":19017},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[14,19020,17653],{},[47,19022,19024],{"className":49,"code":19023,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[18,19025,19026,19058],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19027,19028,19030,19032,19034,19036,19038,19040,19042,19044,19046,19048,19050,19052,19054,19056],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19029,16742],{"class":284},[56,19031,288],{"class":75},[56,19033,3080],{"class":66},[56,19035,938],{"class":937},[56,19037,372],{"class":941},[56,19039,938],{"class":937},[56,19041,1080],{"class":66},[56,19043,1448],{"class":937},[56,19045,4232],{"class":941},[56,19047,938],{"class":937},[56,19049,1080],{"class":66},[56,19051,1448],{"class":937},[56,19053,9228],{"class":941},[56,19055,938],{"class":937},[56,19057,3093],{"class":66},[56,19059,19060,19062,19064,19066,19068,19070,19072,19074,19076,19078,19080],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,19061,8653],{"class":284},[56,19063,288],{"class":75},[56,19065,9980],{"class":66},[56,19067,14339],{"class":284},[56,19069,971],{"class":66},[56,19071,17705],{"class":66},[56,19073,3342],{"class":3341},[56,19075,17710],{"class":284},[56,19077,3348],{"class":3341},[56,19079,17715],{"class":284},[56,19081,8797],{"class":66},[42,19083,1601],{"id":1600},[26,19085,19086,19090,19094,19098,19104],{},[29,19087,19088],{},[372,19089,10734],{"href":12522},[29,19091,19092],{},[372,19093,8643],{"href":12519},[29,19095,19096],{},[372,19097,10743],{"href":17404},[29,19099,19100],{},[372,19101,10227,19102,10231],{"href":13530},[18,19103,14452],{},[29,19105,19106],{},[372,19107,10227,19108,10231],{"href":14497},[18,19109,12272],{},[14,19111,153,19112,19114],{},[18,19113,16723],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1633,19116,19117],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":19119},[19120,19121,19123,19127,19128,19130,19135,19137,19144,19153,19154,19161],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":16823,"depth":86,"text":19122},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":16867,"depth":86,"text":16868,"children":19124},[19125,19126],{"id":16894,"depth":102,"text":16895},{"id":16918,"depth":102,"text":16919},{"id":5262,"depth":86,"text":5263},{"id":17079,"depth":86,"text":19129},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17408,"depth":86,"text":17409,"children":19131},[19132,19133,19134],{"id":17438,"depth":102,"text":17439},{"id":17601,"depth":102,"text":17602},{"id":17649,"depth":102,"text":17650},{"id":17813,"depth":86,"text":19136},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":17971,"depth":86,"text":19138,"children":19139},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19140,19142,19143],{"id":17982,"depth":102,"text":19141},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18047,"depth":102,"text":18048},{"id":18121,"depth":102,"text":18122},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912,"children":19145},[19146,19147,19149,19151],{"id":18225,"depth":102,"text":18226},{"id":18408,"depth":102,"text":19148},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18542,"depth":102,"text":19150},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":18695,"depth":102,"text":19152},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":18786,"depth":86,"text":18787},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":19155},[19156,19158,19159,19160],{"id":18992,"depth":102,"text":19157},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19001,"depth":102,"text":19002},{"id":19010,"depth":102,"text":19011},{"id":19017,"depth":102,"text":19018},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":16710,"description":19162},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19169,"title":19170,"body":19171,"description":21001,"extension":1665,"meta":21002,"navigation":316,"path":21003,"seo":21004,"stem":21005,"__hash__":21006},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19172,"toc":20968},[19173,19178,19184,19195,19325,19332,19337,19341,19357,19359,19457,19460,19477,19481,19483,19488,19526,19529,19547,19549,19667,19672,19676,19692,19695,19831,19834,19839,19845,19848,19885,19888,19892,19897,19973,19977,19982,20064,20066,20082,20087,20091,20097,20166,20169,20186,20189,20271,20277,20280,20300,20304,20309,20315,20321,20392,20395,20401,20404,20478,20485,20491,20499,20509,20511,20606,20612,20617,20704,20710,20712,20717,20739,20742,20837,20840,20871,20884,20886,20894,20900,20906,20909,20915,20920,20927,20932,20934,20965],[10,19174,10810,19176,10814],{"id":19175},"python-dictionary-get-method",[18,19177,10230],{},[14,19179,19180,19181,19183],{},"The dictionary ",[18,19182,10230],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[14,19185,19186,19187,255,19190,473,19192,19194],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[18,19188,19189],{},"KeyError",[18,19191,10230],{},[18,19193,3241],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[47,19196,19198],{"className":49,"code":19197,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[18,19199,19200,19236,19240,19266,19291],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19201,19202,19204,19206,19208,19210,19212,19214,19216,19218,19220,19222,19224,19226,19228,19230,19232,19234],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19203,12701],{"class":284},[56,19205,288],{"class":75},[56,19207,9980],{"class":66},[56,19209,938],{"class":937},[56,19211,7149],{"class":941},[56,19213,938],{"class":937},[56,19215,971],{"class":66},[56,19217,1448],{"class":937},[56,19219,12376],{"class":941},[56,19221,938],{"class":937},[56,19223,1080],{"class":66},[56,19225,1448],{"class":937},[56,19227,8787],{"class":941},[56,19229,938],{"class":937},[56,19231,971],{"class":66},[56,19233,8794],{"class":79},[56,19235,8797],{"class":66},[56,19237,19238],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,19239,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,19241,19242,19244,19246,19248,19250,19253,19255,19257,19259,19261,19263],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,19243,63],{"class":62},[56,19245,67],{"class":66},[56,19247,16807],{"class":237},[56,19249,497],{"class":66},[56,19251,19252],{"class":237},"get",[56,19254,67],{"class":66},[56,19256,938],{"class":937},[56,19258,7149],{"class":941},[56,19260,938],{"class":937},[56,19262,4836],{"class":66},[56,19264,19265],{"class":3123},"           # Ana\n",[56,19267,19268,19270,19272,19274,19276,19278,19280,19282,19284,19286,19288],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,19269,63],{"class":62},[56,19271,67],{"class":66},[56,19273,16807],{"class":237},[56,19275,497],{"class":66},[56,19277,19252],{"class":237},[56,19279,67],{"class":66},[56,19281,938],{"class":937},[56,19283,9898],{"class":941},[56,19285,938],{"class":937},[56,19287,4836],{"class":66},[56,19289,19290],{"class":3123},"           # None\n",[56,19292,19293,19295,19297,19299,19301,19303,19305,19307,19309,19311,19313,19315,19318,19320,19322],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,19294,63],{"class":62},[56,19296,67],{"class":66},[56,19298,16807],{"class":237},[56,19300,497],{"class":66},[56,19302,19252],{"class":237},[56,19304,67],{"class":66},[56,19306,938],{"class":937},[56,19308,9898],{"class":941},[56,19310,938],{"class":937},[56,19312,1080],{"class":66},[56,19314,1448],{"class":937},[56,19316,19317],{"class":941},"N\u002FA",[56,19319,938],{"class":937},[56,19321,4836],{"class":66},[56,19323,19324],{"class":3123},"    # N\u002FA\n",[14,19326,153,19327,19329,19330,497],{},[18,19328,10230],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[18,19331,19189],{},[42,19333,3138,19335,3141],{"id":19334},"what-get-does",[18,19336,10230],{},[14,19338,16,19339,10905],{},[18,19340,10230],{},[26,19342,19343,19346,19351,19354],{},[29,19344,19345],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[29,19347,10916,19348,19350],{},[18,19349,3241],{}," if the key does not exist",[29,19352,19353],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[29,19355,19356],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[14,19358,274],{},[47,19360,19362],{"className":49,"code":19361,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[18,19363,19364,19403,19407,19432],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19365,19366,19368,19370,19372,19374,19376,19378,19380,19382,19385,19387,19389,19391,19394,19396,19398,19401],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19367,12359],{"class":284},[56,19369,288],{"class":75},[56,19371,9980],{"class":66},[56,19373,938],{"class":937},[56,19375,7149],{"class":941},[56,19377,938],{"class":937},[56,19379,971],{"class":66},[56,19381,1448],{"class":937},[56,19383,19384],{"class":941},"Lina",[56,19386,938],{"class":937},[56,19388,1080],{"class":66},[56,19390,1448],{"class":937},[56,19392,19393],{"class":941},"grade",[56,19395,938],{"class":937},[56,19397,971],{"class":66},[56,19399,19400],{"class":79}," 90",[56,19402,8797],{"class":66},[56,19404,19405],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,19406,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,19408,19409,19411,19413,19415,19417,19419,19421,19423,19425,19427,19429],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,19410,63],{"class":62},[56,19412,67],{"class":66},[56,19414,13123],{"class":237},[56,19416,497],{"class":66},[56,19418,19252],{"class":237},[56,19420,67],{"class":66},[56,19422,938],{"class":937},[56,19424,7149],{"class":941},[56,19426,938],{"class":937},[56,19428,4836],{"class":66},[56,19430,19431],{"class":3123},"     # Lina\n",[56,19433,19434,19436,19438,19440,19442,19444,19446,19448,19450,19452,19454],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,19435,63],{"class":62},[56,19437,67],{"class":66},[56,19439,13123],{"class":237},[56,19441,497],{"class":66},[56,19443,19252],{"class":237},[56,19445,67],{"class":66},[56,19447,938],{"class":937},[56,19449,14757],{"class":941},[56,19451,938],{"class":937},[56,19453,4836],{"class":66},[56,19455,19456],{"class":3123},"    # None\n",[14,19458,19459],{},"In this example:",[26,19461,19462,19467],{},[29,19463,19464,19466],{},[18,19465,14738],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[29,19468,19469,19472,19473,473,19475],{},[18,19470,19471],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[18,19474,10230],{},[18,19476,3241],{},[14,19478,12516,19479,497],{},[372,19480,8643],{"href":8642},[42,19482,220],{"id":219},[14,19484,19485,19486,971],{},"There are two common forms of ",[18,19487,10230],{},[47,19489,19491],{"className":49,"code":19490,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[18,19492,19493,19507],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19494,19495,19497,19499,19501,19503,19505],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19496,15103],{"class":284},[56,19498,497],{"class":66},[56,19500,19252],{"class":237},[56,19502,67],{"class":66},[56,19504,14339],{"class":237},[56,19506,241],{"class":66},[56,19508,19509,19511,19513,19515,19517,19519,19521,19524],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,19510,15103],{"class":284},[56,19512,497],{"class":66},[56,19514,19252],{"class":237},[56,19516,67],{"class":66},[56,19518,14339],{"class":237},[56,19520,1080],{"class":66},[56,19522,19523],{"class":237}," default_value",[56,19525,241],{"class":66},[14,19527,19528],{},"What each part means:",[26,19530,19531,19536,19542],{},[29,19532,19533,19535],{},[18,19534,14339],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[29,19537,19538,19541],{},[18,19539,19540],{},"default_value"," is optional",[29,19543,19544,19545],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[18,19546,3241],{},[14,19548,274],{},[47,19550,19552],{"className":49,"code":19551,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[18,19553,19554,19578,19582,19607,19633],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19555,19556,19558,19560,19562,19564,19566,19568,19570,19572,19574,19576],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19557,13323],{"class":284},[56,19559,288],{"class":75},[56,19561,9980],{"class":66},[56,19563,938],{"class":937},[56,19565,11989],{"class":941},[56,19567,938],{"class":937},[56,19569,971],{"class":66},[56,19571,1448],{"class":937},[56,19573,11998],{"class":941},[56,19575,938],{"class":937},[56,19577,8797],{"class":66},[56,19579,19580],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,19581,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,19583,19584,19586,19588,19590,19592,19594,19596,19598,19600,19602,19604],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,19585,63],{"class":62},[56,19587,67],{"class":66},[56,19589,13382],{"class":237},[56,19591,497],{"class":66},[56,19593,19252],{"class":237},[56,19595,67],{"class":66},[56,19597,938],{"class":937},[56,19599,11989],{"class":941},[56,19601,938],{"class":937},[56,19603,4836],{"class":66},[56,19605,19606],{"class":3123},"            # dark\n",[56,19608,19609,19611,19613,19615,19617,19619,19621,19623,19626,19628,19630],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,19610,63],{"class":62},[56,19612,67],{"class":66},[56,19614,13382],{"class":237},[56,19616,497],{"class":66},[56,19618,19252],{"class":237},[56,19620,67],{"class":66},[56,19622,938],{"class":937},[56,19624,19625],{"class":941},"language",[56,19627,938],{"class":937},[56,19629,4836],{"class":66},[56,19631,19632],{"class":3123},"         # None\n",[56,19634,19635,19637,19639,19641,19643,19645,19647,19649,19651,19653,19655,19657,19660,19662,19664],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,19636,63],{"class":62},[56,19638,67],{"class":66},[56,19640,13382],{"class":237},[56,19642,497],{"class":66},[56,19644,19252],{"class":237},[56,19646,67],{"class":66},[56,19648,938],{"class":937},[56,19650,19625],{"class":941},[56,19652,938],{"class":937},[56,19654,1080],{"class":66},[56,19656,1448],{"class":937},[56,19658,19659],{"class":941},"en",[56,19661,938],{"class":937},[56,19663,4836],{"class":66},[56,19665,19666],{"class":3123},"   # en\n",[42,19668,4433,19670],{"id":19669},"when-to-use-get",[18,19671,10230],{},[14,19673,153,19674,10091],{},[18,19675,10230],{},[26,19677,19678,19681,19686,19689],{},[29,19679,19680],{},"A key might not exist",[29,19682,19683,19684],{},"You want to avoid ",[18,19685,19189],{},[29,19687,19688],{},"You are reading optional data",[29,19690,19691],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[14,19693,19694],{},"Example with optional user data:",[47,19696,19698],{"className":49,"code":19697,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[18,19699,19700,19742,19746,19771,19797],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19701,19702,19704,19706,19708,19710,19712,19714,19716,19718,19721,19723,19725,19727,19729,19731,19733,19735,19738,19740],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19703,10981],{"class":284},[56,19705,288],{"class":75},[56,19707,9980],{"class":66},[56,19709,938],{"class":937},[56,19711,7468],{"class":941},[56,19713,938],{"class":937},[56,19715,971],{"class":66},[56,19717,1448],{"class":937},[56,19719,19720],{"class":941},"sam",[56,19722,938],{"class":937},[56,19724,1080],{"class":66},[56,19726,1448],{"class":937},[56,19728,14757],{"class":941},[56,19730,938],{"class":937},[56,19732,971],{"class":66},[56,19734,1448],{"class":937},[56,19736,19737],{"class":941},"sam@example.com",[56,19739,938],{"class":937},[56,19741,8797],{"class":66},[56,19743,19744],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,19745,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,19747,19748,19750,19752,19754,19756,19758,19760,19762,19764,19766,19768],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,19749,63],{"class":62},[56,19751,67],{"class":66},[56,19753,11075],{"class":237},[56,19755,497],{"class":66},[56,19757,19252],{"class":237},[56,19759,67],{"class":66},[56,19761,938],{"class":937},[56,19763,7468],{"class":941},[56,19765,938],{"class":937},[56,19767,4836],{"class":66},[56,19769,19770],{"class":3123},"              # sam\n",[56,19772,19773,19775,19777,19779,19781,19783,19785,19787,19790,19792,19794],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,19774,63],{"class":62},[56,19776,67],{"class":66},[56,19778,11075],{"class":237},[56,19780,497],{"class":66},[56,19782,19252],{"class":237},[56,19784,67],{"class":66},[56,19786,938],{"class":937},[56,19788,19789],{"class":941},"phone",[56,19791,938],{"class":937},[56,19793,4836],{"class":66},[56,19795,19796],{"class":3123},"                 # None\n",[56,19798,19799,19801,19803,19805,19807,19809,19811,19813,19815,19817,19819,19821,19824,19826,19828],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,19800,63],{"class":62},[56,19802,67],{"class":66},[56,19804,11075],{"class":237},[56,19806,497],{"class":66},[56,19808,19252],{"class":237},[56,19810,67],{"class":66},[56,19812,938],{"class":937},[56,19814,19789],{"class":941},[56,19816,938],{"class":937},[56,19818,1080],{"class":66},[56,19820,1448],{"class":937},[56,19822,19823],{"class":941},"Not provided",[56,19825,938],{"class":937},[56,19827,4836],{"class":66},[56,19829,19830],{"class":3123}," # Not provided\n",[14,19832,19833],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[14,19835,19836,19837,497],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[372,19838,16097],{"href":16096},[42,19840,19842,19844],{"id":19841},"get-vs-square-brackets",[18,19843,10230],{}," vs square brackets",[14,19846,19847],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[47,19849,19851],{"className":49,"code":19850,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[18,19852,19853,19867],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19854,19855,19857,19859,19861,19863,19865],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19856,8692],{"class":284},[56,19858,3366],{"class":66},[56,19860,938],{"class":937},[56,19862,14339],{"class":941},[56,19864,938],{"class":937},[56,19866,3093],{"class":66},[56,19868,19869,19871,19873,19875,19877,19879,19881,19883],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,19870,8692],{"class":284},[56,19872,497],{"class":66},[56,19874,19252],{"class":237},[56,19876,67],{"class":66},[56,19878,938],{"class":937},[56,19880,14339],{"class":941},[56,19882,938],{"class":937},[56,19884,241],{"class":66},[14,19886,19887],{},"The difference is important.",[615,19889,19891],{"id":19890},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[14,19893,19894,19895,497],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[18,19896,19189],{},[47,19898,19900],{"className":49,"code":19899,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[18,19901,19902,19926,19930,19952],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19903,19904,19906,19908,19910,19912,19914,19916,19918,19920,19922,19924],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19905,8653],{"class":284},[56,19907,288],{"class":75},[56,19909,9980],{"class":66},[56,19911,938],{"class":937},[56,19913,7149],{"class":941},[56,19915,938],{"class":937},[56,19917,971],{"class":66},[56,19919,1448],{"class":937},[56,19921,12376],{"class":941},[56,19923,938],{"class":937},[56,19925,8797],{"class":66},[56,19927,19928],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,19929,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,19931,19932,19934,19936,19938,19940,19942,19944,19946,19949],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,19933,63],{"class":62},[56,19935,67],{"class":66},[56,19937,8692],{"class":237},[56,19939,3366],{"class":66},[56,19941,938],{"class":937},[56,19943,7149],{"class":941},[56,19945,938],{"class":937},[56,19947,19948],{"class":66},"])",[56,19950,19951],{"class":3123},"   # Ana\n",[56,19953,19954,19956,19958,19960,19962,19964,19966,19968,19970],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,19955,63],{"class":62},[56,19957,67],{"class":66},[56,19959,8692],{"class":237},[56,19961,3366],{"class":66},[56,19963,938],{"class":937},[56,19965,9898],{"class":941},[56,19967,938],{"class":937},[56,19969,19948],{"class":66},[56,19971,19972],{"class":3123},"   # KeyError\n",[615,19974,19975],{"id":19252},[18,19976,10230],{},[14,19978,19979,19981],{},[18,19980,10230],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[47,19983,19985],{"className":49,"code":19984,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[18,19986,19987,20011,20015,20039],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,19988,19989,19991,19993,19995,19997,19999,20001,20003,20005,20007,20009],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,19990,8653],{"class":284},[56,19992,288],{"class":75},[56,19994,9980],{"class":66},[56,19996,938],{"class":937},[56,19998,7149],{"class":941},[56,20000,938],{"class":937},[56,20002,971],{"class":66},[56,20004,1448],{"class":937},[56,20006,12376],{"class":941},[56,20008,938],{"class":937},[56,20010,8797],{"class":66},[56,20012,20013],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,20014,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,20016,20017,20019,20021,20023,20025,20027,20029,20031,20033,20035,20037],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,20018,63],{"class":62},[56,20020,67],{"class":66},[56,20022,8692],{"class":237},[56,20024,497],{"class":66},[56,20026,19252],{"class":237},[56,20028,67],{"class":66},[56,20030,938],{"class":937},[56,20032,7149],{"class":941},[56,20034,938],{"class":937},[56,20036,4836],{"class":66},[56,20038,19951],{"class":3123},[56,20040,20041,20043,20045,20047,20049,20051,20053,20055,20057,20059,20061],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,20042,63],{"class":62},[56,20044,67],{"class":66},[56,20046,8692],{"class":237},[56,20048,497],{"class":66},[56,20050,19252],{"class":237},[56,20052,67],{"class":66},[56,20054,938],{"class":937},[56,20056,9898],{"class":941},[56,20058,938],{"class":937},[56,20060,4836],{"class":66},[56,20062,20063],{"class":3123},"   # None\n",[14,20065,18196],{},[26,20067,20068,20074],{},[29,20069,20070,20071],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[3205,20072,20073],{},"must exist",[29,20075,20076,20078,20079],{},[18,20077,10230],{}," when the key is ",[3205,20080,20081],{},"optional",[14,20083,20084,20085,497],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[372,20086,10754],{"href":10565},[42,20088,20090],{"id":20089},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[14,20092,20093,20094,20096],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[18,20095,10230],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[47,20098,20100],{"className":49,"code":20099,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[18,20101,20102,20127,20131],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,20103,20104,20107,20109,20111,20113,20115,20117,20119,20121,20123,20125],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,20105,20106],{"class":284},"profile ",[56,20108,288],{"class":75},[56,20110,9980],{"class":66},[56,20112,938],{"class":937},[56,20114,7149],{"class":941},[56,20116,938],{"class":937},[56,20118,971],{"class":66},[56,20120,1448],{"class":937},[56,20122,7404],{"class":941},[56,20124,938],{"class":937},[56,20126,8797],{"class":66},[56,20128,20129],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,20130,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,20132,20133,20135,20137,20140,20142,20144,20146,20148,20150,20152,20154,20156,20159,20161,20163],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,20134,63],{"class":62},[56,20136,67],{"class":66},[56,20138,20139],{"class":237},"profile",[56,20141,497],{"class":66},[56,20143,19252],{"class":237},[56,20145,67],{"class":66},[56,20147,938],{"class":937},[56,20149,14760],{"class":941},[56,20151,938],{"class":937},[56,20153,1080],{"class":66},[56,20155,1448],{"class":937},[56,20157,20158],{"class":941},"Unknown",[56,20160,938],{"class":937},[56,20162,4836],{"class":66},[56,20164,20165],{"class":3123},"  # Unknown\n",[14,20167,20168],{},"This is useful for display text:",[26,20170,20171,20176,20181],{},[29,20172,20173],{},[18,20174,20175],{},"\"Unknown\"",[29,20177,20178],{},[18,20179,20180],{},"\"Not set\"",[29,20182,20183],{},[18,20184,20185],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[14,20187,20188],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[47,20190,20192],{"className":49,"code":20191,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[18,20193,20194,20226,20230,20257],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,20195,20196,20198,20200,20202,20204,20206,20208,20210,20212,20214,20216,20218,20220,20222,20224],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,20197,4536],{"class":284},[56,20199,288],{"class":75},[56,20201,9980],{"class":66},[56,20203,938],{"class":937},[56,20205,17918],{"class":941},[56,20207,938],{"class":937},[56,20209,971],{"class":66},[56,20211,5481],{"class":79},[56,20213,1080],{"class":66},[56,20215,1448],{"class":937},[56,20217,17927],{"class":941},[56,20219,938],{"class":937},[56,20221,971],{"class":66},[56,20223,5837],{"class":79},[56,20225,8797],{"class":66},[56,20227,20228],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,20229,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,20231,20232,20235,20237,20239,20241,20243,20245,20247,20249,20251,20253,20255],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,20233,20234],{"class":284},"total_history ",[56,20236,288],{"class":75},[56,20238,4583],{"class":284},[56,20240,497],{"class":66},[56,20242,19252],{"class":237},[56,20244,67],{"class":66},[56,20246,938],{"class":937},[56,20248,17936],{"class":941},[56,20250,938],{"class":937},[56,20252,1080],{"class":66},[56,20254,3297],{"class":79},[56,20256,241],{"class":66},[56,20258,20259,20261,20263,20266,20268],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,20260,63],{"class":62},[56,20262,67],{"class":66},[56,20264,20265],{"class":237},"total_history",[56,20267,3120],{"class":66},[56,20269,20270],{"class":3123},"   # 0\n",[14,20272,20273,20274,20276],{},"Here, ",[18,20275,181],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[14,20278,20279],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[26,20281,20282,20285,20290,20295],{},[29,20283,20284],{},"Use a string for text",[29,20286,153,20287,20289],{},[18,20288,181],{}," for numbers",[29,20291,153,20292,20294],{},[18,20293,3250],{}," for lists if needed",[29,20296,153,20297,20299],{},[18,20298,3255],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[42,20301,20303],{"id":20302},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[14,20305,20306,20307,497],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[18,20308,10230],{},[615,20310,20312,20314],{"id":20311},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[18,20313,10230],{}," does not add a missing key",[14,20316,20317,20318,20320],{},"This code does ",[3205,20319,4101],{}," create a new key:",[47,20322,20324],{"className":49,"code":20323,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,20325,20326,20350,20354,20379],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,20327,20328,20330,20332,20334,20336,20338,20340,20342,20344,20346,20348],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,20329,12701],{"class":284},[56,20331,288],{"class":75},[56,20333,9980],{"class":66},[56,20335,938],{"class":937},[56,20337,7149],{"class":941},[56,20339,938],{"class":937},[56,20341,971],{"class":66},[56,20343,1448],{"class":937},[56,20345,12376],{"class":941},[56,20347,938],{"class":937},[56,20349,8797],{"class":66},[56,20351,20352],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,20353,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,20355,20356,20358,20360,20362,20364,20366,20368,20370,20372,20374,20376],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,20357,63],{"class":62},[56,20359,67],{"class":66},[56,20361,16807],{"class":237},[56,20363,497],{"class":66},[56,20365,19252],{"class":237},[56,20367,67],{"class":66},[56,20369,938],{"class":937},[56,20371,9898],{"class":941},[56,20373,938],{"class":937},[56,20375,4836],{"class":66},[56,20377,20378],{"class":3123},"  # None\n",[56,20380,20381,20383,20385,20387,20389],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,20382,63],{"class":62},[56,20384,67],{"class":66},[56,20386,16807],{"class":237},[56,20388,3120],{"class":66},[56,20390,20391],{"class":3123},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[14,20393,20394],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[615,20396,20398,20400],{"id":20397},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[18,20399,10230],{}," does not change the dictionary",[14,20402,20403],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[47,20405,20407],{"className":49,"code":20406,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[18,20408,20409,20435,20439,20465],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,20410,20411,20413,20415,20417,20419,20422,20424,20426,20428,20431,20433],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,20412,13323],{"class":284},[56,20414,288],{"class":75},[56,20416,9980],{"class":66},[56,20418,938],{"class":937},[56,20420,20421],{"class":941},"mode",[56,20423,938],{"class":937},[56,20425,971],{"class":66},[56,20427,1448],{"class":937},[56,20429,20430],{"class":941},"light",[56,20432,938],{"class":937},[56,20434,8797],{"class":66},[56,20436,20437],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,20438,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,20440,20441,20443,20445,20447,20449,20451,20453,20455,20457,20459,20461,20463],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,20442,13382],{"class":284},[56,20444,497],{"class":66},[56,20446,19252],{"class":237},[56,20448,67],{"class":66},[56,20450,938],{"class":937},[56,20452,11989],{"class":941},[56,20454,938],{"class":937},[56,20456,1080],{"class":66},[56,20458,1448],{"class":937},[56,20460,11998],{"class":941},[56,20462,938],{"class":937},[56,20464,241],{"class":66},[56,20466,20467,20469,20471,20473,20475],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,20468,63],{"class":62},[56,20470,67],{"class":66},[56,20472,13382],{"class":237},[56,20474,3120],{"class":66},[56,20476,20477],{"class":3123},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[14,20479,20480,20481,20484],{},"Even though ",[18,20482,20483],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[615,20486,20488,20489],{"id":20487},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[18,20490,3241],{},[14,20492,20493,20494,473,20496,20498],{},"Sometimes ",[18,20495,10230],{},[18,20497,3241],{}," because:",[26,20500,20501,20504],{},[29,20502,20503],{},"The key is missing, or",[29,20505,20506,20507],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[18,20508,3241],{},[14,20510,274],{},[47,20512,20514],{"className":49,"code":20513,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[18,20515,20516,20553,20557,20581],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,20517,20518,20520,20522,20524,20526,20528,20530,20532,20534,20536,20538,20540,20542,20545,20547,20549,20551],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,20519,8653],{"class":284},[56,20521,288],{"class":75},[56,20523,9980],{"class":66},[56,20525,938],{"class":937},[56,20527,7149],{"class":941},[56,20529,938],{"class":937},[56,20531,971],{"class":66},[56,20533,1448],{"class":937},[56,20535,12376],{"class":941},[56,20537,938],{"class":937},[56,20539,1080],{"class":66},[56,20541,1448],{"class":937},[56,20543,20544],{"class":941},"nickname",[56,20546,938],{"class":937},[56,20548,971],{"class":66},[56,20550,3317],{"class":3316},[56,20552,8797],{"class":66},[56,20554,20555],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,20556,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,20558,20559,20561,20563,20565,20567,20569,20571,20573,20575,20577,20579],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,20560,63],{"class":62},[56,20562,67],{"class":66},[56,20564,8692],{"class":237},[56,20566,497],{"class":66},[56,20568,19252],{"class":237},[56,20570,67],{"class":66},[56,20572,938],{"class":937},[56,20574,20544],{"class":941},[56,20576,938],{"class":937},[56,20578,4836],{"class":66},[56,20580,20378],{"class":3123},[56,20582,20583,20585,20587,20589,20591,20593,20595,20597,20599,20601,20603],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,20584,63],{"class":62},[56,20586,67],{"class":66},[56,20588,8692],{"class":237},[56,20590,497],{"class":66},[56,20592,19252],{"class":237},[56,20594,67],{"class":66},[56,20596,938],{"class":937},[56,20598,9898],{"class":941},[56,20600,938],{"class":937},[56,20602,4836],{"class":66},[56,20604,20605],{"class":3123},"      # None\n",[14,20607,20608,20609,20611],{},"Both lines print ",[18,20610,3241],{},", but they mean different things.",[14,20613,20614,20615,971],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[18,20616,3348],{},[47,20618,20620],{"className":49,"code":20619,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[18,20621,20622,20658,20662,20683],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,20623,20624,20626,20628,20630,20632,20634,20636,20638,20640,20642,20644,20646,20648,20650,20652,20654,20656],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,20625,8653],{"class":284},[56,20627,288],{"class":75},[56,20629,9980],{"class":66},[56,20631,938],{"class":937},[56,20633,7149],{"class":941},[56,20635,938],{"class":937},[56,20637,971],{"class":66},[56,20639,1448],{"class":937},[56,20641,12376],{"class":941},[56,20643,938],{"class":937},[56,20645,1080],{"class":66},[56,20647,1448],{"class":937},[56,20649,20544],{"class":941},[56,20651,938],{"class":937},[56,20653,971],{"class":66},[56,20655,3317],{"class":3316},[56,20657,8797],{"class":66},[56,20659,20660],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,20661,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,20663,20664,20666,20668,20670,20672,20674,20677,20679,20681],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,20665,63],{"class":62},[56,20667,67],{"class":66},[56,20669,938],{"class":937},[56,20671,20544],{"class":941},[56,20673,938],{"class":937},[56,20675,20676],{"class":3341}," in",[56,20678,14064],{"class":237},[56,20680,3120],{"class":66},[56,20682,3124],{"class":3123},[56,20684,20685,20687,20689,20691,20693,20695,20697,20699,20701],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,20686,63],{"class":62},[56,20688,67],{"class":66},[56,20690,938],{"class":937},[56,20692,9898],{"class":941},[56,20694,938],{"class":937},[56,20696,20676],{"class":3341},[56,20698,14064],{"class":237},[56,20700,3120],{"class":66},[56,20702,20703],{"class":3123},"      # False\n",[14,20705,20706,20707,497],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[372,20708,20709],{"href":16653},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[42,20711,912],{"id":911},[14,20713,20714,20715,971],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[18,20716,10230],{},[26,20718,20719,20724,20731,20736],{},[29,20720,20721,20722],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[18,20723,19189],{},[29,20725,4175,20726,473,20728,20730],{},[18,20727,10230],{},[18,20729,3241],{}," if no default is provided",[29,20732,4049,20733,20735],{},[18,20734,10230],{}," creates a key automatically",[29,20737,20738],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[14,20740,20741],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[47,20743,20745],{"className":49,"code":20744,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[18,20746,20747,20757,20771,20789,20811],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,20748,20749,20751,20753,20755],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,20750,63],{"class":62},[56,20752,67],{"class":66},[56,20754,10942],{"class":237},[56,20756,241],{"class":66},[56,20758,20759,20761,20763,20765,20767,20769],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,20760,63],{"class":62},[56,20762,67],{"class":66},[56,20764,10942],{"class":237},[56,20766,497],{"class":66},[56,20768,16423],{"class":237},[56,20770,6674],{"class":66},[56,20772,20773,20775,20777,20779,20781,20783,20785,20787],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,20774,63],{"class":62},[56,20776,67],{"class":66},[56,20778,1394],{"class":937},[56,20780,7149],{"class":941},[56,20782,1394],{"class":937},[56,20784,20676],{"class":3341},[56,20786,11260],{"class":237},[56,20788,241],{"class":66},[56,20790,20791,20793,20795,20797,20799,20801,20803,20805,20807,20809],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,20792,63],{"class":62},[56,20794,67],{"class":66},[56,20796,10942],{"class":237},[56,20798,497],{"class":66},[56,20800,19252],{"class":237},[56,20802,67],{"class":66},[56,20804,1394],{"class":937},[56,20806,7149],{"class":941},[56,20808,1394],{"class":937},[56,20810,83],{"class":66},[56,20812,20813,20815,20817,20819,20821,20823,20825,20827,20829,20831,20833,20835],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,20814,63],{"class":62},[56,20816,67],{"class":66},[56,20818,1314],{"class":989},[56,20820,67],{"class":66},[56,20822,10942],{"class":237},[56,20824,497],{"class":66},[56,20826,19252],{"class":237},[56,20828,67],{"class":66},[56,20830,1394],{"class":937},[56,20832,7149],{"class":941},[56,20834,1394],{"class":937},[56,20836,1000],{"class":66},[14,20838,20839],{},"What these checks tell you:",[26,20841,20842,20847,20853,20859,20865],{},[29,20843,20844,20846],{},[18,20845,12174],{}," shows the full dictionary",[29,20848,20849,20852],{},[18,20850,20851],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[29,20854,20855,20858],{},[18,20856,20857],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[29,20860,20861,20864],{},[18,20862,20863],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[29,20866,20867,20870],{},[18,20868,20869],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[14,20872,20873,20874,3862,20879,20883],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[372,20875,20876,20877,10231],{"href":16562},"the dictionary ",[18,20878,16565],{},[372,20880,20876,20881,10231],{"href":16575},[18,20882,16578],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[42,20885,1553],{"id":1552},[615,20887,12199,20889,20891,20892,571],{"id":20888},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[18,20890,10230],{}," raise ",[18,20893,19189],{},[14,20895,20896,20897,20899],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[18,20898,3241],{}," or the default value you provide.",[615,20901,12199,20903,20905],{"id":20902},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[18,20904,10230],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[14,20907,20908],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[615,20910,20912,20913,571],{"id":20911},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[18,20914,10230],{},[14,20916,20917,20919],{},[18,20918,3241],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[615,20921,20923,20924,20926],{"id":20922},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[18,20925,10230],{}," or square brackets?",[14,20928,153,20929,20931],{},[18,20930,10230],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[42,20933,1601],{"id":1600},[26,20935,20936,20940,20946,20952,20956,20961],{},[29,20937,20938],{},[372,20939,8643],{"href":8642},[29,20941,20942],{},[372,20943,10227,20944,10231],{"href":16562},[18,20945,16565],{},[29,20947,20948],{},[372,20949,10227,20950,10231],{"href":16575},[18,20951,16578],{},[29,20953,20954],{},[372,20955,16654],{"href":16653},[29,20957,20958],{},[372,20959,20960],{"href":16096},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[29,20962,20963],{},[372,20964,10754],{"href":10565},[1633,20966,20967],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":20969},[20970,20972,20973,20975,20980,20981,20989,20990,21000],{"id":19334,"depth":86,"text":20971},"What get() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":19669,"depth":86,"text":20974},"When to use get()",{"id":19841,"depth":86,"text":20976,"children":20977},"get() vs square brackets",[20978,20979],{"id":19890,"depth":102,"text":19891},{"id":19252,"depth":102,"text":10230},{"id":20089,"depth":86,"text":20090},{"id":20302,"depth":86,"text":20303,"children":20982},[20983,20985,20987],{"id":20311,"depth":102,"text":20984},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20397,"depth":102,"text":20986},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20487,"depth":102,"text":20988},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":20991},[20992,20994,20996,20998],{"id":20888,"depth":102,"text":20993},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":20902,"depth":102,"text":20995},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":20911,"depth":102,"text":20997},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":20922,"depth":102,"text":20999},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19170,"description":21001},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21008,"title":21009,"body":21010,"description":23567,"extension":1665,"meta":23568,"navigation":316,"path":23569,"seo":23570,"stem":23571,"__hash__":23572},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21011,"toc":23533},[21012,21017,21023,21029,21031,21113,21117,21134,21139,21144,21149,21151,21165,21167,21230,21234,21274,21282,21284,21286,21301,21304,21317,21319,21398,21402,21468,21470,21474,21482,21484,21495,21497,21607,21611,21690,21696,21702,21707,21820,21824,21856,21859,21966,21972,21979,21983,21986,22089,22093,22154,22157,22160,22171,22180,22183,22200,22202,22301,22305,22380,22383,22406,22411,22416,22433,22435,22556,22560,22594,22596,22601,22608,22618,22620,22698,22701,22772,22782,22785,22817,22820,22859,22865,22872,22875,22966,22970,23051,23057,23060,23063,23168,23171,23174,23296,23300,23303,23370,23374,23411,23417,23419,23425,23430,23436,23443,23449,23452,23491,23497,23500,23502,23530],[10,21013,10810,21015,10814],{"id":21014},"python-dictionary-items-method",[18,21016,16578],{},[14,21018,16,21019,21022],{},[18,21020,21021],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[14,21024,21025,21026,21028],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[18,21027,16578],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[42,21030,45],{"id":44},[47,21032,21034],{"className":49,"code":21033,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,21035,21036,21072,21076,21099],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21037,21038,21040,21042,21044,21046,21048,21050,21052,21054,21056,21058,21060,21062,21064,21066,21068,21070],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21039,12701],{"class":284},[56,21041,288],{"class":75},[56,21043,9980],{"class":66},[56,21045,938],{"class":937},[56,21047,7149],{"class":941},[56,21049,938],{"class":937},[56,21051,971],{"class":66},[56,21053,1448],{"class":937},[56,21055,12376],{"class":941},[56,21057,938],{"class":937},[56,21059,1080],{"class":66},[56,21061,1448],{"class":937},[56,21063,8787],{"class":941},[56,21065,938],{"class":937},[56,21067,971],{"class":66},[56,21069,8794],{"class":79},[56,21071,8797],{"class":66},[56,21073,21074],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,21075,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,21077,21078,21080,21083,21085,21088,21090,21092,21094,21096],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,21079,5434],{"class":3341},[56,21081,21082],{"class":284}," key",[56,21084,1080],{"class":66},[56,21086,21087],{"class":284}," value ",[56,21089,3348],{"class":3341},[56,21091,12744],{"class":284},[56,21093,497],{"class":66},[56,21095,7292],{"class":237},[56,21097,21098],{"class":66},"():\n",[56,21100,21101,21103,21105,21107,21109,21111],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,21102,7552],{"class":62},[56,21104,67],{"class":66},[56,21106,14339],{"class":237},[56,21108,1080],{"class":66},[56,21110,7918],{"class":237},[56,21112,241],{"class":66},[14,21114,21115],{},[3205,21116,130],{},[47,21118,21120],{"className":49,"code":21119,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[18,21121,21122,21127],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21123,21124],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21125,21126],{"class":284},"name Ana\n",[56,21128,21129,21132],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,21130,21131],{"class":284},"age ",[56,21133,790],{"class":79},[14,21135,153,21136,21138],{},[18,21137,16578],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[42,21140,3138,21142,3141],{"id":21141},"what-items-does",[18,21143,16578],{},[14,21145,21146,21148],{},[18,21147,16578],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[14,21150,10951],{},[26,21152,21153,21159,21162],{},[29,21154,21155,21156],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[18,21157,21158],{},"(key, value)",[29,21160,21161],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[29,21163,21164],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[14,21166,274],{},[47,21168,21170],{"className":49,"code":21169,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[18,21171,21172,21208,21212],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21173,21174,21176,21178,21180,21182,21184,21186,21188,21190,21192,21194,21196,21198,21200,21202,21204,21206],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21175,12701],{"class":284},[56,21177,288],{"class":75},[56,21179,9980],{"class":66},[56,21181,938],{"class":937},[56,21183,7149],{"class":941},[56,21185,938],{"class":937},[56,21187,971],{"class":66},[56,21189,1448],{"class":937},[56,21191,12376],{"class":941},[56,21193,938],{"class":937},[56,21195,1080],{"class":66},[56,21197,1448],{"class":937},[56,21199,8787],{"class":941},[56,21201,938],{"class":937},[56,21203,971],{"class":66},[56,21205,8794],{"class":79},[56,21207,8797],{"class":66},[56,21209,21210],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,21211,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,21213,21214,21216,21218,21220,21222,21224,21226,21228],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,21215,63],{"class":62},[56,21217,67],{"class":66},[56,21219,7577],{"class":989},[56,21221,67],{"class":66},[56,21223,16807],{"class":237},[56,21225,497],{"class":66},[56,21227,7292],{"class":237},[56,21229,5767],{"class":66},[14,21231,21232],{},[3205,21233,130],{},[47,21235,21237],{"className":49,"code":21236,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[18,21238,21239],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21240,21241,21244,21246,21248,21250,21252,21254,21256,21258,21260,21262,21264,21266,21268,21270,21272],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21242,21243],{"class":66},"[(",[56,21245,1394],{"class":937},[56,21247,7149],{"class":941},[56,21249,1394],{"class":937},[56,21251,1080],{"class":66},[56,21253,1389],{"class":937},[56,21255,12376],{"class":941},[56,21257,1394],{"class":937},[56,21259,8721],{"class":66},[56,21261,8724],{"class":66},[56,21263,1394],{"class":937},[56,21265,8787],{"class":941},[56,21267,1394],{"class":937},[56,21269,1080],{"class":66},[56,21271,8794],{"class":79},[56,21273,8737],{"class":66},[14,21275,21276,21277,964,21279,497],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[372,21278,8643],{"href":12519},[372,21280,14523],{"href":21281},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[42,21283,220],{"id":219},[14,21285,4909],{},[47,21287,21289],{"className":49,"code":21288,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict.items()\n",[18,21290,21291],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21292,21293,21295,21297,21299],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21294,10942],{"class":284},[56,21296,497],{"class":66},[56,21298,7292],{"class":237},[56,21300,8129],{"class":66},[14,21302,21303],{},"Things to remember:",[26,21305,21306,21311,21314],{},[29,21307,21308,21310],{},[18,21309,16578],{}," does not take any arguments",[29,21312,21313],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[29,21315,21316],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[14,21318,274],{},[47,21320,21322],{"className":49,"code":21321,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,21323,21324,21356,21360,21374,21378,21388],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21325,21326,21328,21330,21332,21334,21336,21338,21340,21342,21344,21346,21348,21350,21352,21354],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21327,4536],{"class":284},[56,21329,288],{"class":75},[56,21331,9980],{"class":66},[56,21333,938],{"class":937},[56,21335,4476],{"class":941},[56,21337,938],{"class":937},[56,21339,971],{"class":66},[56,21341,19400],{"class":79},[56,21343,1080],{"class":66},[56,21345,1448],{"class":937},[56,21347,4485],{"class":941},[56,21349,938],{"class":937},[56,21351,971],{"class":66},[56,21353,13004],{"class":79},[56,21355,8797],{"class":66},[56,21357,21358],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,21359,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,21361,21362,21364,21366,21368,21370,21372],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,21363,299],{"class":284},[56,21365,288],{"class":75},[56,21367,4583],{"class":284},[56,21369,497],{"class":66},[56,21371,7292],{"class":237},[56,21373,8129],{"class":66},[56,21375,21376],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,21377,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,21379,21380,21382,21384,21386],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,21381,63],{"class":62},[56,21383,67],{"class":66},[56,21385,338],{"class":237},[56,21387,241],{"class":66},[56,21389,21390,21392,21394,21396],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,21391,63],{"class":62},[56,21393,67],{"class":66},[56,21395,15888],{"class":237},[56,21397,241],{"class":66},[14,21399,21400],{},[3205,21401,130],{},[47,21403,21405],{"className":49,"code":21404,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[18,21406,21407,21440],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21408,21409,21412,21414,21416,21418,21420,21422,21424,21426,21428,21430,21432,21434,21436,21438],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21410,21411],{"class":237},"dict_items",[56,21413,9146],{"class":66},[56,21415,1394],{"class":937},[56,21417,4476],{"class":941},[56,21419,1394],{"class":937},[56,21421,1080],{"class":66},[56,21423,19400],{"class":79},[56,21425,8721],{"class":66},[56,21427,8724],{"class":66},[56,21429,1394],{"class":937},[56,21431,4485],{"class":941},[56,21433,1394],{"class":937},[56,21435,1080],{"class":66},[56,21437,13004],{"class":79},[56,21439,10169],{"class":66},[56,21441,21442,21444,21446,21448,21450,21452,21454,21456,21458,21460,21462,21464,21466],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,21443,8766],{"class":66},[56,21445,1394],{"class":937},[56,21447,4476],{"class":941},[56,21449,1394],{"class":937},[56,21451,971],{"class":66},[56,21453,19400],{"class":79},[56,21455,1080],{"class":66},[56,21457,1389],{"class":937},[56,21459,4485],{"class":941},[56,21461,1394],{"class":937},[56,21463,971],{"class":66},[56,21465,13004],{"class":79},[56,21467,8797],{"class":66},[14,21469,20394],{},[42,21471,21473],{"id":21472},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[14,21475,21476,21478,21479,21481],{},[18,21477,16578],{}," returns a ",[18,21480,21411],{}," view object.",[14,21483,168],{},[26,21485,21486,21489,21492],{},[29,21487,21488],{},"You can loop over it",[29,21490,21491],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[29,21493,21494],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[14,21496,274],{},[47,21498,21500],{"className":49,"code":21499,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[18,21501,21502,21534,21548,21552,21566,21570,21589,21593],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21503,21504,21506,21508,21510,21512,21514,21516,21518,21520,21522,21524,21526,21528,21530,21532],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21505,8653],{"class":284},[56,21507,288],{"class":75},[56,21509,9980],{"class":66},[56,21511,938],{"class":937},[56,21513,238],{"class":941},[56,21515,938],{"class":937},[56,21517,971],{"class":66},[56,21519,4973],{"class":79},[56,21521,1080],{"class":66},[56,21523,1448],{"class":937},[56,21525,11239],{"class":941},[56,21527,938],{"class":937},[56,21529,971],{"class":66},[56,21531,1083],{"class":79},[56,21533,8797],{"class":66},[56,21535,21536,21538,21540,21542,21544,21546],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,21537,8703],{"class":284},[56,21539,288],{"class":75},[56,21541,14064],{"class":284},[56,21543,497],{"class":66},[56,21545,7292],{"class":237},[56,21547,8129],{"class":66},[56,21549,21550],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,21551,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,21553,21554,21556,21558,21560,21562,21564],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,21555,63],{"class":62},[56,21557,67],{"class":66},[56,21559,7577],{"class":989},[56,21561,67],{"class":66},[56,21563,8750],{"class":237},[56,21565,83],{"class":66},[56,21567,21568],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,21569,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,21571,21572,21574,21576,21578,21581,21583,21585,21587],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,21573,8692],{"class":284},[56,21575,3366],{"class":66},[56,21577,938],{"class":937},[56,21579,21580],{"class":941},"z",[56,21582,938],{"class":937},[56,21584,12770],{"class":66},[56,21586,12773],{"class":75},[56,21588,658],{"class":79},[56,21590,21591],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,21592,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,21594,21595,21597,21599,21601,21603,21605],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,21596,63],{"class":62},[56,21598,67],{"class":66},[56,21600,7577],{"class":989},[56,21602,67],{"class":66},[56,21604,8750],{"class":237},[56,21606,83],{"class":66},[14,21608,21609],{},[3205,21610,130],{},[47,21612,21614],{"className":49,"code":21613,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[18,21615,21616,21646],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21617,21618,21620,21622,21624,21626,21628,21630,21632,21634,21636,21638,21640,21642,21644],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21619,21243],{"class":66},[56,21621,1394],{"class":937},[56,21623,238],{"class":941},[56,21625,1394],{"class":937},[56,21627,1080],{"class":66},[56,21629,4973],{"class":79},[56,21631,8721],{"class":66},[56,21633,8724],{"class":66},[56,21635,1394],{"class":937},[56,21637,11239],{"class":941},[56,21639,1394],{"class":937},[56,21641,1080],{"class":66},[56,21643,1083],{"class":79},[56,21645,8737],{"class":66},[56,21647,21648,21650,21652,21654,21656,21658,21660,21662,21664,21666,21668,21670,21672,21674,21676,21678,21680,21682,21684,21686,21688],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,21649,21243],{"class":66},[56,21651,1394],{"class":937},[56,21653,238],{"class":941},[56,21655,1394],{"class":937},[56,21657,1080],{"class":66},[56,21659,4973],{"class":79},[56,21661,8721],{"class":66},[56,21663,8724],{"class":66},[56,21665,1394],{"class":937},[56,21667,11239],{"class":941},[56,21669,1394],{"class":937},[56,21671,1080],{"class":66},[56,21673,1083],{"class":79},[56,21675,8721],{"class":66},[56,21677,8724],{"class":66},[56,21679,1394],{"class":937},[56,21681,21580],{"class":941},[56,21683,1394],{"class":937},[56,21685,1080],{"class":66},[56,21687,529],{"class":79},[56,21689,8737],{"class":66},[14,21691,21692,21693,21695],{},"This happens because ",[18,21694,8750],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[42,21697,21699,21700],{"id":21698},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[18,21701,16578],{},[14,21703,21704,21705,971],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[18,21706,16578],{},[47,21708,21710],{"className":49,"code":21709,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[18,21711,21712,21765,21769,21789],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21713,21714,21716,21718,21720,21722,21724,21726,21728,21730,21732,21734,21736,21738,21740,21742,21744,21746,21749,21751,21753,21755,21757,21759,21761,21763],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21715,12359],{"class":284},[56,21717,288],{"class":75},[56,21719,9980],{"class":66},[56,21721,938],{"class":937},[56,21723,7149],{"class":941},[56,21725,938],{"class":937},[56,21727,971],{"class":66},[56,21729,1448],{"class":937},[56,21731,7404],{"class":941},[56,21733,938],{"class":937},[56,21735,1080],{"class":66},[56,21737,1448],{"class":937},[56,21739,19393],{"class":941},[56,21741,938],{"class":937},[56,21743,971],{"class":66},[56,21745,1448],{"class":937},[56,21747,21748],{"class":941},"A",[56,21750,938],{"class":937},[56,21752,1080],{"class":66},[56,21754,1448],{"class":937},[56,21756,8787],{"class":941},[56,21758,938],{"class":937},[56,21760,971],{"class":66},[56,21762,13355],{"class":79},[56,21764,8797],{"class":66},[56,21766,21767],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,21768,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,21770,21771,21773,21775,21777,21779,21781,21783,21785,21787],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,21772,5434],{"class":3341},[56,21774,21082],{"class":284},[56,21776,1080],{"class":66},[56,21778,21087],{"class":284},[56,21780,3348],{"class":3341},[56,21782,12402],{"class":284},[56,21784,497],{"class":66},[56,21786,7292],{"class":237},[56,21788,21098],{"class":66},[56,21790,21791,21793,21795,21798,21800,21802,21804,21807,21810,21812,21814,21816,21818],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,21792,7552],{"class":62},[56,21794,67],{"class":66},[56,21796,21797],{"class":124},"f",[56,21799,938],{"class":941},[56,21801,8766],{"class":79},[56,21803,14339],{"class":237},[56,21805,21806],{"class":79},"}",[56,21808,21809],{"class":941},": ",[56,21811,8766],{"class":79},[56,21813,551],{"class":237},[56,21815,21806],{"class":79},[56,21817,938],{"class":941},[56,21819,241],{"class":66},[14,21821,21822],{},[3205,21823,130],{},[47,21825,21827],{"className":49,"code":21826,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[18,21828,21829,21838,21847],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21830,21831,21833,21835],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21832,7149],{"class":284},[56,21834,971],{"class":66},[56,21836,21837],{"class":284}," Mia\n",[56,21839,21840,21842,21844],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,21841,19393],{"class":284},[56,21843,971],{"class":66},[56,21845,21846],{"class":284}," A\n",[56,21848,21849,21851,21853],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,21850,8787],{"class":284},[56,21852,971],{"class":66},[56,21854,21855],{"class":79}," 14\n",[14,21857,21858],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[47,21860,21862],{"className":49,"code":21861,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[18,21863,21864,21916,21920,21932],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21865,21866,21868,21870,21872,21874,21876,21878,21880,21882,21884,21886,21888,21890,21892,21894,21896,21898,21900,21902,21904,21906,21908,21910,21912,21914],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21867,12359],{"class":284},[56,21869,288],{"class":75},[56,21871,9980],{"class":66},[56,21873,938],{"class":937},[56,21875,7149],{"class":941},[56,21877,938],{"class":937},[56,21879,971],{"class":66},[56,21881,1448],{"class":937},[56,21883,7404],{"class":941},[56,21885,938],{"class":937},[56,21887,1080],{"class":66},[56,21889,1448],{"class":937},[56,21891,19393],{"class":941},[56,21893,938],{"class":937},[56,21895,971],{"class":66},[56,21897,1448],{"class":937},[56,21899,21748],{"class":941},[56,21901,938],{"class":937},[56,21903,1080],{"class":66},[56,21905,1448],{"class":937},[56,21907,8787],{"class":941},[56,21909,938],{"class":937},[56,21911,971],{"class":66},[56,21913,13355],{"class":79},[56,21915,8797],{"class":66},[56,21917,21918],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,21919,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,21921,21922,21924,21926,21928,21930],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,21923,5434],{"class":3341},[56,21925,17710],{"class":284},[56,21927,3348],{"class":3341},[56,21929,12402],{"class":284},[56,21931,5871],{"class":66},[56,21933,21934,21936,21938,21940,21942,21944,21946,21948,21950,21952,21954,21956,21958,21960,21962,21964],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,21935,7552],{"class":62},[56,21937,67],{"class":66},[56,21939,21797],{"class":124},[56,21941,938],{"class":941},[56,21943,8766],{"class":79},[56,21945,14339],{"class":237},[56,21947,21806],{"class":79},[56,21949,21809],{"class":941},[56,21951,8766],{"class":79},[56,21953,13123],{"class":237},[56,21955,3366],{"class":66},[56,21957,14339],{"class":237},[56,21959,12770],{"class":66},[56,21961,21806],{"class":79},[56,21963,938],{"class":941},[56,21965,241],{"class":66},[14,21967,5989,21968,21971],{},[18,21969,21970],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[14,21973,21974,21975,497],{},"For a full guide, see ",[372,21976,21978],{"href":21977},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[42,21980,21982],{"id":21981},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[14,21984,21985],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[47,21987,21989],{"className":49,"code":21988,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[18,21990,21991,22050,22054,22074,22078],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,21992,21993,21995,21997,21999,22001,22003,22005,22007,22009,22011,22013,22015,22017,22019,22021,22023,22025,22028,22030,22032,22034,22037,22039,22041,22043,22046,22048],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,21994,12572],{"class":284},[56,21996,288],{"class":75},[56,21998,9980],{"class":66},[56,22000,938],{"class":937},[56,22002,3546],{"class":941},[56,22004,938],{"class":937},[56,22006,971],{"class":66},[56,22008,1448],{"class":937},[56,22010,12589],{"class":941},[56,22012,938],{"class":937},[56,22014,1080],{"class":66},[56,22016,1448],{"class":937},[56,22018,3555],{"class":941},[56,22020,938],{"class":937},[56,22022,971],{"class":66},[56,22024,1448],{"class":937},[56,22026,22027],{"class":941},"yellow",[56,22029,938],{"class":937},[56,22031,1080],{"class":66},[56,22033,1448],{"class":937},[56,22035,22036],{"class":941},"grape",[56,22038,938],{"class":937},[56,22040,971],{"class":66},[56,22042,1448],{"class":937},[56,22044,22045],{"class":941},"purple",[56,22047,938],{"class":937},[56,22049,8797],{"class":66},[56,22051,22052],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,22053,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,22055,22056,22059,22061,22064,22066,22068,22070,22072],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,22057,22058],{"class":284},"pairs_list ",[56,22060,288],{"class":75},[56,22062,22063],{"class":989}," list",[56,22065,67],{"class":66},[56,22067,17003],{"class":237},[56,22069,497],{"class":66},[56,22071,7292],{"class":237},[56,22073,6674],{"class":66},[56,22075,22076],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,22077,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,22079,22080,22082,22084,22087],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,22081,63],{"class":62},[56,22083,67],{"class":66},[56,22085,22086],{"class":237},"pairs_list",[56,22088,241],{"class":66},[14,22090,22091],{},[3205,22092,130],{},[47,22094,22096],{"className":49,"code":22095,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[18,22097,22098],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22099,22100,22102,22104,22106,22108,22110,22112,22114,22116,22118,22120,22122,22124,22126,22128,22130,22132,22134,22136,22138,22140,22142,22144,22146,22148,22150,22152],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22101,21243],{"class":66},[56,22103,1394],{"class":937},[56,22105,3546],{"class":941},[56,22107,1394],{"class":937},[56,22109,1080],{"class":66},[56,22111,1389],{"class":937},[56,22113,12589],{"class":941},[56,22115,1394],{"class":937},[56,22117,8721],{"class":66},[56,22119,8724],{"class":66},[56,22121,1394],{"class":937},[56,22123,3555],{"class":941},[56,22125,1394],{"class":937},[56,22127,1080],{"class":66},[56,22129,1389],{"class":937},[56,22131,22027],{"class":941},[56,22133,1394],{"class":937},[56,22135,8721],{"class":66},[56,22137,8724],{"class":66},[56,22139,1394],{"class":937},[56,22141,22036],{"class":941},[56,22143,1394],{"class":937},[56,22145,1080],{"class":66},[56,22147,1389],{"class":937},[56,22149,22045],{"class":941},[56,22151,1394],{"class":937},[56,22153,8737],{"class":66},[14,22155,22156],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[14,22158,22159],{},"Use this when:",[26,22161,22162,22165,22168],{},[29,22163,22164],{},"You want clearer printed output",[29,22166,22167],{},"You need list behavior",[29,22169,22170],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[42,22172,22174,10075,22176,10075,22178],{"id":22173},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[18,22175,16578],{},[18,22177,16565],{},[18,22179,16571],{},[14,22181,22182],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[26,22184,22185,22190,22195],{},[29,22186,22187,22189],{},[18,22188,16578],{}," gives both key and value",[29,22191,22192,22194],{},[18,22193,16565],{}," gives only keys",[29,22196,22197,22199],{},[18,22198,16571],{}," gives only values",[14,22201,274],{},[47,22203,22205],{"className":49,"code":22204,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[18,22206,22207,22243,22247,22265,22283],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22208,22209,22211,22213,22215,22217,22219,22221,22223,22225,22227,22229,22231,22233,22235,22237,22239,22241],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22210,12701],{"class":284},[56,22212,288],{"class":75},[56,22214,9980],{"class":66},[56,22216,938],{"class":937},[56,22218,7149],{"class":941},[56,22220,938],{"class":937},[56,22222,971],{"class":66},[56,22224,1448],{"class":937},[56,22226,12376],{"class":941},[56,22228,938],{"class":937},[56,22230,1080],{"class":66},[56,22232,1448],{"class":937},[56,22234,8787],{"class":941},[56,22236,938],{"class":937},[56,22238,971],{"class":66},[56,22240,8794],{"class":79},[56,22242,8797],{"class":66},[56,22244,22245],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,22246,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,22248,22249,22251,22253,22255,22257,22259,22261,22263],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,22250,63],{"class":62},[56,22252,67],{"class":66},[56,22254,7577],{"class":989},[56,22256,67],{"class":66},[56,22258,16807],{"class":237},[56,22260,497],{"class":66},[56,22262,16423],{"class":237},[56,22264,5767],{"class":66},[56,22266,22267,22269,22271,22273,22275,22277,22279,22281],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,22268,63],{"class":62},[56,22270,67],{"class":66},[56,22272,7577],{"class":989},[56,22274,67],{"class":66},[56,22276,16807],{"class":237},[56,22278,497],{"class":66},[56,22280,4833],{"class":237},[56,22282,5767],{"class":66},[56,22284,22285,22287,22289,22291,22293,22295,22297,22299],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,22286,63],{"class":62},[56,22288,67],{"class":66},[56,22290,7577],{"class":989},[56,22292,67],{"class":66},[56,22294,16807],{"class":237},[56,22296,497],{"class":66},[56,22298,7292],{"class":237},[56,22300,5767],{"class":66},[14,22302,22303],{},[3205,22304,130],{},[47,22306,22308],{"className":49,"code":22307,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[18,22309,22310,22330,22346],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22311,22312,22314,22316,22318,22320,22322,22324,22326,22328],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22313,3366],{"class":66},[56,22315,1394],{"class":937},[56,22317,7149],{"class":941},[56,22319,1394],{"class":937},[56,22321,1080],{"class":66},[56,22323,1389],{"class":937},[56,22325,8787],{"class":941},[56,22327,1394],{"class":937},[56,22329,3093],{"class":66},[56,22331,22332,22334,22336,22338,22340,22342,22344],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,22333,3366],{"class":66},[56,22335,1394],{"class":937},[56,22337,12376],{"class":941},[56,22339,1394],{"class":937},[56,22341,1080],{"class":66},[56,22343,8794],{"class":79},[56,22345,3093],{"class":66},[56,22347,22348,22350,22352,22354,22356,22358,22360,22362,22364,22366,22368,22370,22372,22374,22376,22378],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,22349,21243],{"class":66},[56,22351,1394],{"class":937},[56,22353,7149],{"class":941},[56,22355,1394],{"class":937},[56,22357,1080],{"class":66},[56,22359,1389],{"class":937},[56,22361,12376],{"class":941},[56,22363,1394],{"class":937},[56,22365,8721],{"class":66},[56,22367,8724],{"class":66},[56,22369,1394],{"class":937},[56,22371,8787],{"class":941},[56,22373,1394],{"class":937},[56,22375,1080],{"class":66},[56,22377,8794],{"class":79},[56,22379,8737],{"class":66},[14,22381,22382],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[26,22384,22385,22393,22401],{},[29,22386,22387,22388],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[372,22389,22391],{"href":22390},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[18,22392,16565],{},[29,22394,22395,22396],{},"Need just values? Use ",[372,22397,22399],{"href":22398},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[18,22400,16571],{},[29,22402,22403,22404],{},"Need both together? Use ",[18,22405,16578],{},[42,22407,4433,22409],{"id":22408},"when-to-use-items",[18,22410,16578],{},[14,22412,22413,22415],{},[18,22414,16578],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[26,22417,22418,22421,22424,22427,22430],{},[29,22419,22420],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[29,22422,22423],{},"Building formatted output",[29,22425,22426],{},"Looping through settings and values",[29,22428,22429],{},"Showing names with scores",[29,22431,22432],{},"Working with labels and their data",[14,22434,274],{},[47,22436,22438],{"className":49,"code":22437,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[18,22439,22440,22448,22466,22485,22497,22501,22505,22526],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22441,22442,22444,22446],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22443,13323],{"class":284},[56,22445,288],{"class":75},[56,22447,10986],{"class":66},[56,22449,22450,22452,22454,22456,22458,22460,22462,22464],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,22451,10991],{"class":937},[56,22453,11989],{"class":941},[56,22455,938],{"class":937},[56,22457,971],{"class":66},[56,22459,1448],{"class":937},[56,22461,11998],{"class":941},[56,22463,938],{"class":937},[56,22465,11007],{"class":66},[56,22467,22468,22470,22472,22474,22476,22478,22481,22483],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,22469,10991],{"class":937},[56,22471,19625],{"class":941},[56,22473,938],{"class":937},[56,22475,971],{"class":66},[56,22477,1448],{"class":937},[56,22479,22480],{"class":941},"English",[56,22482,938],{"class":937},[56,22484,11007],{"class":66},[56,22486,22487,22489,22491,22493,22495],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,22488,10991],{"class":937},[56,22490,18026],{"class":941},[56,22492,938],{"class":937},[56,22494,971],{"class":66},[56,22496,5901],{"class":3316},[56,22498,22499],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,22500,8797],{"class":66},[56,22502,22503],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,22504,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,22506,22507,22509,22512,22514,22516,22518,22520,22522,22524],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,22508,5434],{"class":3341},[56,22510,22511],{"class":284}," setting",[56,22513,1080],{"class":66},[56,22515,21087],{"class":284},[56,22517,3348],{"class":3341},[56,22519,13367],{"class":284},[56,22521,497],{"class":66},[56,22523,7292],{"class":237},[56,22525,21098],{"class":66},[56,22527,22528,22530,22532,22534,22536,22538,22541,22543,22546,22548,22550,22552,22554],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,22529,7552],{"class":62},[56,22531,67],{"class":66},[56,22533,21797],{"class":124},[56,22535,938],{"class":941},[56,22537,8766],{"class":79},[56,22539,22540],{"class":237},"setting",[56,22542,21806],{"class":79},[56,22544,22545],{"class":941}," = ",[56,22547,8766],{"class":79},[56,22549,551],{"class":237},[56,22551,21806],{"class":79},[56,22553,938],{"class":941},[56,22555,241],{"class":66},[14,22557,22558],{},[3205,22559,130],{},[47,22561,22563],{"className":49,"code":22562,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[18,22564,22565,22575,22585],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22566,22567,22570,22572],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22568,22569],{"class":284},"theme ",[56,22571,288],{"class":75},[56,22573,22574],{"class":284}," dark\n",[56,22576,22577,22580,22582],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,22578,22579],{"class":284},"language ",[56,22581,288],{"class":75},[56,22583,22584],{"class":284}," English\n",[56,22586,22587,22590,22592],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,22588,22589],{"class":284},"notifications ",[56,22591,288],{"class":75},[56,22593,5901],{"class":3316},[42,22595,912],{"id":911},[14,22597,22598,22599,497],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[18,22600,16578],{},[615,22602,22604,22605,22607],{"id":22603},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[18,22606,16578],{}," incorrectly",[14,22609,22610,22611,22613,22614,22617],{},"Each result from ",[18,22612,16578],{}," has ",[3205,22615,22616],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[14,22619,6167],{},[47,22621,22622],{"className":49,"code":21033,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,22623,22624,22660,22664,22684],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22625,22626,22628,22630,22632,22634,22636,22638,22640,22642,22644,22646,22648,22650,22652,22654,22656,22658],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22627,12701],{"class":284},[56,22629,288],{"class":75},[56,22631,9980],{"class":66},[56,22633,938],{"class":937},[56,22635,7149],{"class":941},[56,22637,938],{"class":937},[56,22639,971],{"class":66},[56,22641,1448],{"class":937},[56,22643,12376],{"class":941},[56,22645,938],{"class":937},[56,22647,1080],{"class":66},[56,22649,1448],{"class":937},[56,22651,8787],{"class":941},[56,22653,938],{"class":937},[56,22655,971],{"class":66},[56,22657,8794],{"class":79},[56,22659,8797],{"class":66},[56,22661,22662],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,22663,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,22665,22666,22668,22670,22672,22674,22676,22678,22680,22682],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,22667,5434],{"class":3341},[56,22669,21082],{"class":284},[56,22671,1080],{"class":66},[56,22673,21087],{"class":284},[56,22675,3348],{"class":3341},[56,22677,12744],{"class":284},[56,22679,497],{"class":66},[56,22681,7292],{"class":237},[56,22683,21098],{"class":66},[56,22685,22686,22688,22690,22692,22694,22696],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,22687,7552],{"class":62},[56,22689,67],{"class":66},[56,22691,14339],{"class":237},[56,22693,1080],{"class":66},[56,22695,7918],{"class":237},[56,22697,241],{"class":66},[14,22699,22700],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[47,22702,22704],{"className":49,"code":22703,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[18,22705,22706,22742,22746,22762],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22707,22708,22710,22712,22714,22716,22718,22720,22722,22724,22726,22728,22730,22732,22734,22736,22738,22740],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22709,12701],{"class":284},[56,22711,288],{"class":75},[56,22713,9980],{"class":66},[56,22715,938],{"class":937},[56,22717,7149],{"class":941},[56,22719,938],{"class":937},[56,22721,971],{"class":66},[56,22723,1448],{"class":937},[56,22725,12376],{"class":941},[56,22727,938],{"class":937},[56,22729,1080],{"class":66},[56,22731,1448],{"class":937},[56,22733,8787],{"class":941},[56,22735,938],{"class":937},[56,22737,971],{"class":66},[56,22739,8794],{"class":79},[56,22741,8797],{"class":66},[56,22743,22744],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,22745,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,22747,22748,22750,22752,22754,22756,22758,22760],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,22749,5434],{"class":3341},[56,22751,17710],{"class":284},[56,22753,3348],{"class":3341},[56,22755,12744],{"class":284},[56,22757,497],{"class":66},[56,22759,7292],{"class":237},[56,22761,21098],{"class":66},[56,22763,22764,22766,22768,22770],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,22765,7552],{"class":62},[56,22767,67],{"class":66},[56,22769,14339],{"class":237},[56,22771,241],{"class":66},[14,22773,22774,22775,22777,22778,22781],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[18,22776,14339],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[18,22779,22780],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[14,22783,22784],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[47,22786,22788],{"className":49,"code":22787,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[18,22789,22790,22806],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22791,22792,22794,22796,22798,22800,22802,22804],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22793,5434],{"class":3341},[56,22795,5437],{"class":284},[56,22797,3348],{"class":3341},[56,22799,12744],{"class":284},[56,22801,497],{"class":66},[56,22803,7292],{"class":237},[56,22805,21098],{"class":66},[56,22807,22808,22810,22812,22815],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,22809,7552],{"class":62},[56,22811,67],{"class":66},[56,22813,22814],{"class":237},"item",[56,22816,241],{"class":66},[14,22818,22819],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[47,22821,22823],{"className":49,"code":22822,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,22824,22825,22845],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22826,22827,22829,22831,22833,22835,22837,22839,22841,22843],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22828,5434],{"class":3341},[56,22830,21082],{"class":284},[56,22832,1080],{"class":66},[56,22834,21087],{"class":284},[56,22836,3348],{"class":3341},[56,22838,12744],{"class":284},[56,22840,497],{"class":66},[56,22842,7292],{"class":237},[56,22844,21098],{"class":66},[56,22846,22847,22849,22851,22853,22855,22857],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,22848,7552],{"class":62},[56,22850,67],{"class":66},[56,22852,14339],{"class":237},[56,22854,1080],{"class":66},[56,22856,7918],{"class":237},[56,22858,241],{"class":66},[615,22860,7938,22862,22864],{"id":22861},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[18,22863,16578],{}," to return a regular list",[14,22866,22867,21478,22869,22871],{},[18,22868,16578],{},[18,22870,21411],{}," object, not a list.",[14,22873,22874],{},"Check it:",[47,22876,22878],{"className":49,"code":22877,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[18,22879,22880,22912,22916,22930,22948],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22881,22882,22884,22886,22888,22890,22892,22894,22896,22898,22900,22902,22904,22906,22908,22910],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22883,11218],{"class":284},[56,22885,288],{"class":75},[56,22887,9980],{"class":66},[56,22889,938],{"class":937},[56,22891,372],{"class":941},[56,22893,938],{"class":937},[56,22895,971],{"class":66},[56,22897,4973],{"class":79},[56,22899,1080],{"class":66},[56,22901,1448],{"class":937},[56,22903,4232],{"class":941},[56,22905,938],{"class":937},[56,22907,971],{"class":66},[56,22909,1083],{"class":79},[56,22911,8797],{"class":66},[56,22913,22914],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,22915,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,22917,22918,22920,22922,22924,22926,22928],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,22919,63],{"class":62},[56,22921,67],{"class":66},[56,22923,10942],{"class":237},[56,22925,497],{"class":66},[56,22927,7292],{"class":237},[56,22929,6674],{"class":66},[56,22931,22932,22934,22936,22938,22940,22942,22944,22946],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,22933,63],{"class":62},[56,22935,67],{"class":66},[56,22937,1314],{"class":989},[56,22939,67],{"class":66},[56,22941,10942],{"class":237},[56,22943,497],{"class":66},[56,22945,7292],{"class":237},[56,22947,5767],{"class":66},[56,22949,22950,22952,22954,22956,22958,22960,22962,22964],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,22951,63],{"class":62},[56,22953,67],{"class":66},[56,22955,7577],{"class":989},[56,22957,67],{"class":66},[56,22959,10942],{"class":237},[56,22961,497],{"class":66},[56,22963,7292],{"class":237},[56,22965,5767],{"class":66},[14,22967,22968],{},[3205,22969,130],{},[47,22971,22973],{"className":49,"code":22972,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[18,22974,22975,23007,23021],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,22976,22977,22979,22981,22983,22985,22987,22989,22991,22993,22995,22997,22999,23001,23003,23005],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,22978,21411],{"class":237},[56,22980,9146],{"class":66},[56,22982,1394],{"class":937},[56,22984,372],{"class":941},[56,22986,1394],{"class":937},[56,22988,1080],{"class":66},[56,22990,4973],{"class":79},[56,22992,8721],{"class":66},[56,22994,8724],{"class":66},[56,22996,1394],{"class":937},[56,22998,4232],{"class":941},[56,23000,1394],{"class":937},[56,23002,1080],{"class":66},[56,23004,1083],{"class":79},[56,23006,10169],{"class":66},[56,23008,23009,23011,23013,23015,23017,23019],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,23010,1383],{"class":75},[56,23012,1386],{"class":124},[56,23014,1389],{"class":937},[56,23016,21411],{"class":941},[56,23018,1394],{"class":937},[56,23020,1397],{"class":75},[56,23022,23023,23025,23027,23029,23031,23033,23035,23037,23039,23041,23043,23045,23047,23049],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,23024,21243],{"class":66},[56,23026,1394],{"class":937},[56,23028,372],{"class":941},[56,23030,1394],{"class":937},[56,23032,1080],{"class":66},[56,23034,4973],{"class":79},[56,23036,8721],{"class":66},[56,23038,8724],{"class":66},[56,23040,1394],{"class":937},[56,23042,4232],{"class":941},[56,23044,1394],{"class":937},[56,23046,1080],{"class":66},[56,23048,1083],{"class":79},[56,23050,8737],{"class":66},[615,23052,23054,23055],{"id":23053},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[18,23056,16578],{},[14,23058,23059],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[14,23061,23062],{},"Problem example:",[47,23064,23066],{"className":49,"code":23065,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[18,23067,23068,23112,23116,23136,23148],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23069,23070,23072,23074,23076,23078,23080,23082,23084,23086,23088,23090,23092,23094,23096,23098,23100,23102,23104,23106,23108,23110],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23071,3075],{"class":284},[56,23073,288],{"class":75},[56,23075,9980],{"class":66},[56,23077,938],{"class":937},[56,23079,372],{"class":941},[56,23081,938],{"class":937},[56,23083,971],{"class":66},[56,23085,4973],{"class":79},[56,23087,1080],{"class":66},[56,23089,1448],{"class":937},[56,23091,4232],{"class":941},[56,23093,938],{"class":937},[56,23095,971],{"class":66},[56,23097,1083],{"class":79},[56,23099,1080],{"class":66},[56,23101,1448],{"class":937},[56,23103,9228],{"class":941},[56,23105,938],{"class":937},[56,23107,971],{"class":66},[56,23109,529],{"class":79},[56,23111,8797],{"class":66},[56,23113,23114],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,23115,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,23117,23118,23120,23122,23124,23126,23128,23130,23132,23134],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,23119,5434],{"class":3341},[56,23121,21082],{"class":284},[56,23123,1080],{"class":66},[56,23125,21087],{"class":284},[56,23127,3348],{"class":3341},[56,23129,3731],{"class":284},[56,23131,497],{"class":66},[56,23133,7292],{"class":237},[56,23135,21098],{"class":66},[56,23137,23138,23140,23142,23144,23146],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,23139,5876],{"class":3341},[56,23141,21087],{"class":284},[56,23143,4159],{"class":75},[56,23145,1083],{"class":79},[56,23147,5871],{"class":66},[56,23149,23150,23153,23155,23157,23159,23161,23163,23165],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,23151,23152],{"class":284},"        numbers",[56,23154,3366],{"class":66},[56,23156,938],{"class":937},[56,23158,18269],{"class":941},[56,23160,938],{"class":937},[56,23162,12770],{"class":66},[56,23164,12773],{"class":75},[56,23166,23167],{"class":79}," 4\n",[14,23169,23170],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[14,23172,23173],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[47,23175,23177],{"className":49,"code":23176,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,23178,23179,23223,23227,23252,23264,23282,23286],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23180,23181,23183,23185,23187,23189,23191,23193,23195,23197,23199,23201,23203,23205,23207,23209,23211,23213,23215,23217,23219,23221],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23182,3075],{"class":284},[56,23184,288],{"class":75},[56,23186,9980],{"class":66},[56,23188,938],{"class":937},[56,23190,372],{"class":941},[56,23192,938],{"class":937},[56,23194,971],{"class":66},[56,23196,4973],{"class":79},[56,23198,1080],{"class":66},[56,23200,1448],{"class":937},[56,23202,4232],{"class":941},[56,23204,938],{"class":937},[56,23206,971],{"class":66},[56,23208,1083],{"class":79},[56,23210,1080],{"class":66},[56,23212,1448],{"class":937},[56,23214,9228],{"class":941},[56,23216,938],{"class":937},[56,23218,971],{"class":66},[56,23220,529],{"class":79},[56,23222,8797],{"class":66},[56,23224,23225],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,23226,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,23228,23229,23231,23233,23235,23237,23239,23241,23243,23245,23247,23249],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,23230,5434],{"class":3341},[56,23232,21082],{"class":284},[56,23234,1080],{"class":66},[56,23236,21087],{"class":284},[56,23238,3348],{"class":3341},[56,23240,22063],{"class":989},[56,23242,67],{"class":66},[56,23244,3107],{"class":237},[56,23246,497],{"class":66},[56,23248,7292],{"class":237},[56,23250,23251],{"class":66},"()):\n",[56,23253,23254,23256,23258,23260,23262],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,23255,5876],{"class":3341},[56,23257,21087],{"class":284},[56,23259,4159],{"class":75},[56,23261,1083],{"class":79},[56,23263,5871],{"class":66},[56,23265,23266,23268,23270,23272,23274,23276,23278,23280],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,23267,23152],{"class":284},[56,23269,3366],{"class":66},[56,23271,938],{"class":937},[56,23273,18269],{"class":941},[56,23275,938],{"class":937},[56,23277,12770],{"class":66},[56,23279,12773],{"class":75},[56,23281,23167],{"class":79},[56,23283,23284],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,23285,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,23287,23288,23290,23292,23294],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,23289,63],{"class":62},[56,23291,67],{"class":66},[56,23293,3107],{"class":237},[56,23295,241],{"class":66},[615,23297,23299],{"id":23298},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[14,23301,23302],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[47,23304,23306],{"className":49,"code":23305,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[18,23307,23308,23340,23344,23360],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23309,23310,23312,23314,23316,23318,23320,23322,23324,23326,23328,23330,23332,23334,23336,23338],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23311,8653],{"class":284},[56,23313,288],{"class":75},[56,23315,9980],{"class":66},[56,23317,938],{"class":937},[56,23319,238],{"class":941},[56,23321,938],{"class":937},[56,23323,971],{"class":66},[56,23325,5481],{"class":79},[56,23327,1080],{"class":66},[56,23329,1448],{"class":937},[56,23331,11239],{"class":941},[56,23333,938],{"class":937},[56,23335,971],{"class":66},[56,23337,7272],{"class":79},[56,23339,8797],{"class":66},[56,23341,23342],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,23343,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,23345,23346,23348,23350,23352,23354,23356,23358],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,23347,5434],{"class":3341},[56,23349,5437],{"class":284},[56,23351,3348],{"class":3341},[56,23353,14064],{"class":284},[56,23355,497],{"class":66},[56,23357,7292],{"class":237},[56,23359,21098],{"class":66},[56,23361,23362,23364,23366,23368],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,23363,7552],{"class":62},[56,23365,67],{"class":66},[56,23367,22814],{"class":237},[56,23369,241],{"class":66},[14,23371,23372],{},[3205,23373,130],{},[47,23375,23377],{"className":49,"code":23376,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[18,23378,23379,23395],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23380,23381,23383,23385,23387,23389,23391,23393],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23382,67],{"class":66},[56,23384,1394],{"class":937},[56,23386,238],{"class":941},[56,23388,1394],{"class":937},[56,23390,1080],{"class":66},[56,23392,5481],{"class":79},[56,23394,241],{"class":66},[56,23396,23397,23399,23401,23403,23405,23407,23409],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,23398,67],{"class":66},[56,23400,1394],{"class":937},[56,23402,11239],{"class":941},[56,23404,1394],{"class":937},[56,23406,1080],{"class":66},[56,23408,7272],{"class":79},[56,23410,241],{"class":66},[14,23412,23413,23414,23416],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[18,23415,21158],{}," pair.",[42,23418,1553],{"id":1552},[615,23420,23422,23423,4618],{"id":23421},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[18,23424,16578],{},[14,23426,16922,23427,23429],{},[18,23428,21411],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[615,23431,12199,23433,23435],{"id":23432},"does-items-return-a-list",[18,23434,16578],{}," return a list?",[14,23437,23438,23439,23442],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[18,23440,23441],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[615,23444,23446,23447,571],{"id":23445},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[18,23448,16578],{},[14,23450,23451],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[47,23453,23455],{"className":49,"code":23454,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[18,23456,23457,23477],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23458,23459,23461,23463,23465,23467,23469,23471,23473,23475],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23460,5434],{"class":3341},[56,23462,21082],{"class":284},[56,23464,1080],{"class":66},[56,23466,21087],{"class":284},[56,23468,3348],{"class":3341},[56,23470,11260],{"class":284},[56,23472,497],{"class":66},[56,23474,7292],{"class":237},[56,23476,21098],{"class":66},[56,23478,23479,23481,23483,23485,23487,23489],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,23480,7552],{"class":62},[56,23482,67],{"class":66},[56,23484,14339],{"class":237},[56,23486,1080],{"class":66},[56,23488,7918],{"class":237},[56,23490,241],{"class":66},[615,23492,12199,23494,23496],{"id":23493},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[18,23495,16578],{}," change the dictionary?",[14,23498,23499],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[42,23501,1601],{"id":1600},[26,23503,23504,23510,23516,23521,23525],{},[29,23505,23506],{},[372,23507,10227,23508,10231],{"href":22390},[18,23509,16565],{},[29,23511,23512],{},[372,23513,10227,23514,10231],{"href":22398},[18,23515,16571],{},[29,23517,23518],{},[372,23519,23520],{"href":21977},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[29,23522,23523],{},[372,23524,8643],{"href":12519},[29,23526,23527],{},[372,23528,23529],{"href":21281},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1633,23531,23532],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":23534},[23535,23536,23538,23539,23540,23542,23543,23545,23547,23556,23566],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":21141,"depth":86,"text":23537},"What items() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":21472,"depth":86,"text":21473},{"id":21698,"depth":86,"text":23541},"Looping with items()",{"id":21981,"depth":86,"text":21982},{"id":22173,"depth":86,"text":23544},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22408,"depth":86,"text":23546},"When to use items()",{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912,"children":23548},[23549,23551,23553,23555],{"id":22603,"depth":102,"text":23550},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":22861,"depth":102,"text":23552},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23053,"depth":102,"text":23554},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23298,"depth":102,"text":23299},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":23557},[23558,23560,23562,23564],{"id":23421,"depth":102,"text":23559},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23432,"depth":102,"text":23561},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23445,"depth":102,"text":23563},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23493,"depth":102,"text":23565},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21009,"description":23567},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23574,"title":23575,"body":23576,"description":25667,"extension":1665,"meta":25668,"navigation":316,"path":22390,"seo":25669,"stem":25670,"__hash__":25671},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23577,"toc":25633},[23578,23583,23589,23592,23603,23610,23612,23695,23699,23746,23751,23756,23761,23763,23779,23781,23880,23884,23941,23944,23946,23949,24042,24046,24109,24112,24128,24133,24135,24137,24152,24154,24165,24167,24210,24213,24257,24260,24262,24269,24272,24289,24291,24384,24388,24429,24441,24445,24448,24536,24540,24560,24563,24590,24597,24602,24606,24617,24619,24723,24727,24753,24756,24823,24828,24831,24854,24859,24863,24868,24874,24879,24881,24936,24940,24967,24974,24980,24983,25008,25014,25040,25043,25118,25125,25130,25132,25171,25189,25193,25196,25239,25242,25244,25263,25265,25270,25295,25298,25368,25371,25444,25448,25450,25511,25514,25530,25532,25537,25542,25549,25558,25564,25570,25577,25583,25587,25592,25594,25630],[10,23579,10810,23581,10814],{"id":23580},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[18,23582,16565],{},[14,23584,23585,23586,23588],{},"The Python dictionary ",[18,23587,16565],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,23590,23591],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[26,23593,23594,23597,23600],{},[29,23595,23596],{},"view the available keys",[29,23598,23599],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[29,23601,23602],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[14,23604,23605,23607,23608,497],{},[18,23606,16565],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[18,23609,16514],{},[42,23611,45],{"id":44},[47,23613,23615],{"className":49,"code":23614,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[18,23616,23617,23653,23667,23671,23681],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23618,23619,23621,23623,23625,23627,23629,23631,23633,23635,23637,23639,23641,23643,23645,23647,23649,23651],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23620,12359],{"class":284},[56,23622,288],{"class":75},[56,23624,9980],{"class":66},[56,23626,938],{"class":937},[56,23628,7149],{"class":941},[56,23630,938],{"class":937},[56,23632,971],{"class":66},[56,23634,1448],{"class":937},[56,23636,12376],{"class":941},[56,23638,938],{"class":937},[56,23640,1080],{"class":66},[56,23642,1448],{"class":937},[56,23644,8787],{"class":941},[56,23646,938],{"class":937},[56,23648,971],{"class":66},[56,23650,7272],{"class":79},[56,23652,8797],{"class":66},[56,23654,23655,23657,23659,23661,23663,23665],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,23656,16742],{"class":284},[56,23658,288],{"class":75},[56,23660,12402],{"class":284},[56,23662,497],{"class":66},[56,23664,16423],{"class":237},[56,23666,8129],{"class":66},[56,23668,23669],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,23670,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,23672,23673,23675,23677,23679],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,23674,63],{"class":62},[56,23676,67],{"class":66},[56,23678,16423],{"class":237},[56,23680,241],{"class":66},[56,23682,23683,23685,23687,23689,23691,23693],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,23684,63],{"class":62},[56,23686,67],{"class":66},[56,23688,7577],{"class":989},[56,23690,67],{"class":66},[56,23692,16423],{"class":237},[56,23694,83],{"class":66},[14,23696,23697],{},[3205,23698,130],{},[47,23700,23702],{"className":49,"code":23701,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[18,23703,23704,23726],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23705,23706,23708,23710,23712,23714,23716,23718,23720,23722,23724],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23707,16514],{"class":237},[56,23709,1074],{"class":66},[56,23711,1394],{"class":937},[56,23713,7149],{"class":941},[56,23715,1394],{"class":937},[56,23717,1080],{"class":66},[56,23719,1389],{"class":937},[56,23721,8787],{"class":941},[56,23723,1394],{"class":937},[56,23725,3354],{"class":66},[56,23727,23728,23730,23732,23734,23736,23738,23740,23742,23744],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,23729,3366],{"class":66},[56,23731,1394],{"class":937},[56,23733,7149],{"class":941},[56,23735,1394],{"class":937},[56,23737,1080],{"class":66},[56,23739,1389],{"class":937},[56,23741,8787],{"class":941},[56,23743,1394],{"class":937},[56,23745,3093],{"class":66},[14,23747,153,23748,23750],{},[18,23749,16565],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[42,23752,3138,23754,3141],{"id":23753},"what-keys-does",[18,23755,16565],{},[14,23757,23758,23760],{},[18,23759,16565],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,23762,10951],{},[26,23764,23765,23768,23771,23776],{},[29,23766,23767],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[29,23769,23770],{},"It does not need any arguments",[29,23772,16922,23773,23775],{},[18,23774,16514],{}," view object, not a list",[29,23777,23778],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[14,23780,274],{},[47,23782,23784],{"className":49,"code":23783,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[18,23785,23786,23822,23826,23840,23844,23866],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23787,23788,23790,23792,23794,23796,23798,23800,23802,23804,23806,23808,23810,23812,23814,23816,23818,23820],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23789,12701],{"class":284},[56,23791,288],{"class":75},[56,23793,9980],{"class":66},[56,23795,938],{"class":937},[56,23797,7149],{"class":941},[56,23799,938],{"class":937},[56,23801,971],{"class":66},[56,23803,1448],{"class":937},[56,23805,12718],{"class":941},[56,23807,938],{"class":937},[56,23809,1080],{"class":66},[56,23811,1448],{"class":937},[56,23813,8787],{"class":941},[56,23815,938],{"class":937},[56,23817,971],{"class":66},[56,23819,8794],{"class":79},[56,23821,8797],{"class":66},[56,23823,23824],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,23825,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,23827,23828,23830,23832,23834,23836,23838],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,23829,63],{"class":62},[56,23831,67],{"class":66},[56,23833,16807],{"class":237},[56,23835,497],{"class":66},[56,23837,16423],{"class":237},[56,23839,6674],{"class":66},[56,23841,23842],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,23843,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,23845,23846,23848,23850,23852,23854,23856,23858,23860,23862,23864],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,23847,16807],{"class":284},[56,23849,3366],{"class":66},[56,23851,938],{"class":937},[56,23853,9898],{"class":941},[56,23855,938],{"class":937},[56,23857,12770],{"class":66},[56,23859,12773],{"class":75},[56,23861,1448],{"class":937},[56,23863,9905],{"class":941},[56,23865,1454],{"class":937},[56,23867,23868,23870,23872,23874,23876,23878],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,23869,63],{"class":62},[56,23871,67],{"class":66},[56,23873,16807],{"class":237},[56,23875,497],{"class":66},[56,23877,16423],{"class":237},[56,23879,6674],{"class":66},[14,23881,23882],{},[3205,23883,130],{},[47,23885,23887],{"className":49,"code":23886,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[18,23888,23889,23911],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23890,23891,23893,23895,23897,23899,23901,23903,23905,23907,23909],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23892,16514],{"class":237},[56,23894,1074],{"class":66},[56,23896,1394],{"class":937},[56,23898,7149],{"class":941},[56,23900,1394],{"class":937},[56,23902,1080],{"class":66},[56,23904,1389],{"class":937},[56,23906,8787],{"class":941},[56,23908,1394],{"class":937},[56,23910,3354],{"class":66},[56,23912,23913,23915,23917,23919,23921,23923,23925,23927,23929,23931,23933,23935,23937,23939],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,23914,16514],{"class":237},[56,23916,1074],{"class":66},[56,23918,1394],{"class":937},[56,23920,7149],{"class":941},[56,23922,1394],{"class":937},[56,23924,1080],{"class":66},[56,23926,1389],{"class":937},[56,23928,8787],{"class":941},[56,23930,1394],{"class":937},[56,23932,1080],{"class":66},[56,23934,1389],{"class":937},[56,23936,9898],{"class":941},[56,23938,1394],{"class":937},[56,23940,3354],{"class":66},[14,23942,23943],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[42,23945,5263],{"id":5262},[14,23947,23948],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[47,23950,23952],{"className":49,"code":23951,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[18,23953,23954,24006,24010,24024],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,23955,23956,23958,23960,23962,23964,23966,23968,23970,23972,23974,23976,23978,23980,23982,23984,23986,23988,23990,23992,23994,23996,23998,24000,24002,24004],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,23957,8653],{"class":284},[56,23959,288],{"class":75},[56,23961,9980],{"class":66},[56,23963,938],{"class":937},[56,23965,7149],{"class":941},[56,23967,938],{"class":937},[56,23969,971],{"class":66},[56,23971,1448],{"class":937},[56,23973,12376],{"class":941},[56,23975,938],{"class":937},[56,23977,1080],{"class":66},[56,23979,1448],{"class":937},[56,23981,8787],{"class":941},[56,23983,938],{"class":937},[56,23985,971],{"class":66},[56,23987,7272],{"class":79},[56,23989,1080],{"class":66},[56,23991,1448],{"class":937},[56,23993,19393],{"class":941},[56,23995,938],{"class":937},[56,23997,971],{"class":66},[56,23999,1448],{"class":937},[56,24001,21748],{"class":941},[56,24003,938],{"class":937},[56,24005,8797],{"class":66},[56,24007,24008],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,24009,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,24011,24012,24014,24016,24018,24020,24022],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,24013,63],{"class":62},[56,24015,67],{"class":66},[56,24017,8692],{"class":237},[56,24019,497],{"class":66},[56,24021,16423],{"class":237},[56,24023,6674],{"class":66},[56,24025,24026,24028,24030,24032,24034,24036,24038,24040],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,24027,63],{"class":62},[56,24029,67],{"class":66},[56,24031,7577],{"class":989},[56,24033,67],{"class":66},[56,24035,8692],{"class":237},[56,24037,497],{"class":66},[56,24039,16423],{"class":237},[56,24041,5767],{"class":66},[14,24043,24044],{},[3205,24045,130],{},[47,24047,24049],{"className":49,"code":24048,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[18,24050,24051,24081],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24052,24053,24055,24057,24059,24061,24063,24065,24067,24069,24071,24073,24075,24077,24079],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24054,16514],{"class":237},[56,24056,1074],{"class":66},[56,24058,1394],{"class":937},[56,24060,7149],{"class":941},[56,24062,1394],{"class":937},[56,24064,1080],{"class":66},[56,24066,1389],{"class":937},[56,24068,8787],{"class":941},[56,24070,1394],{"class":937},[56,24072,1080],{"class":66},[56,24074,1389],{"class":937},[56,24076,19393],{"class":941},[56,24078,1394],{"class":937},[56,24080,3354],{"class":66},[56,24082,24083,24085,24087,24089,24091,24093,24095,24097,24099,24101,24103,24105,24107],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,24084,3366],{"class":66},[56,24086,1394],{"class":937},[56,24088,7149],{"class":941},[56,24090,1394],{"class":937},[56,24092,1080],{"class":66},[56,24094,1389],{"class":937},[56,24096,8787],{"class":941},[56,24098,1394],{"class":937},[56,24100,1080],{"class":66},[56,24102,1389],{"class":937},[56,24104,19393],{"class":941},[56,24106,1394],{"class":937},[56,24108,3093],{"class":66},[14,24110,24111],{},"This shows two things:",[26,24113,24114,24122],{},[29,24115,24116,21478,24119,24121],{},[18,24117,24118],{},"data.keys()",[18,24120,16514],{}," object",[29,24123,24124,24127],{},[18,24125,24126],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[14,24129,8639,24130,497],{},[372,24131,24132],{"href":8879},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[42,24134,4906],{"id":4905},[14,24136,223],{},[47,24138,24140],{"className":49,"code":24139,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict.keys()\n",[18,24141,24142],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24143,24144,24146,24148,24150],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24145,10942],{"class":284},[56,24147,497],{"class":66},[56,24149,16423],{"class":237},[56,24151,8129],{"class":66},[14,24153,21303],{},[26,24155,24156,24159,24162],{},[29,24157,24158],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[29,24160,24161],{},"It takes no parameters",[29,24163,24164],{},"You must include the parentheses",[14,24166,16155],{},[47,24168,24170],{"className":49,"code":24169,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[18,24171,24172,24196],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24173,24174,24176,24178,24180,24182,24184,24186,24188,24190,24192,24194],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24175,12359],{"class":284},[56,24177,288],{"class":75},[56,24179,9980],{"class":66},[56,24181,938],{"class":937},[56,24183,7149],{"class":941},[56,24185,938],{"class":937},[56,24187,971],{"class":66},[56,24189,1448],{"class":937},[56,24191,12376],{"class":941},[56,24193,938],{"class":937},[56,24195,8797],{"class":66},[56,24197,24198,24200,24202,24204,24206,24208],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,24199,63],{"class":62},[56,24201,67],{"class":66},[56,24203,13123],{"class":237},[56,24205,497],{"class":66},[56,24207,16423],{"class":237},[56,24209,6674],{"class":66},[14,24211,24212],{},"Incorrect:",[47,24214,24216],{"className":49,"code":24215,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[18,24217,24218,24242],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24219,24220,24222,24224,24226,24228,24230,24232,24234,24236,24238,24240],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24221,12359],{"class":284},[56,24223,288],{"class":75},[56,24225,9980],{"class":66},[56,24227,938],{"class":937},[56,24229,7149],{"class":941},[56,24231,938],{"class":937},[56,24233,971],{"class":66},[56,24235,1448],{"class":937},[56,24237,12376],{"class":941},[56,24239,938],{"class":937},[56,24241,8797],{"class":66},[56,24243,24244,24246,24248,24250,24252,24255],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,24245,63],{"class":62},[56,24247,67],{"class":66},[56,24249,13123],{"class":237},[56,24251,497],{"class":66},[56,24253,16423],{"class":24254},"skxfh",[56,24256,241],{"class":66},[14,24258,24259],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[42,24261,16919],{"id":16918},[14,24263,24264,21478,24266,24268],{},[18,24265,16565],{},[18,24267,16514],{}," object.",[14,24270,24271],{},"This object:",[26,24273,24274,24277,24280,24286],{},[29,24275,24276],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[29,24278,24279],{},"can be used in a loop",[29,24281,24282,24283],{},"can be converted with ",[18,24284,24285],{},"list()",[29,24287,24288],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[14,24290,274],{},[47,24292,24294],{"className":49,"code":24293,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,24295,24296,24337,24341,24356,24360,24370],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24297,24298,24301,24303,24305,24307,24310,24312,24314,24316,24319,24321,24323,24325,24328,24330,24332,24335],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24299,24300],{"class":284},"car ",[56,24302,288],{"class":75},[56,24304,9980],{"class":66},[56,24306,938],{"class":937},[56,24308,24309],{"class":941},"brand",[56,24311,938],{"class":937},[56,24313,971],{"class":66},[56,24315,1448],{"class":937},[56,24317,24318],{"class":941},"Toyota",[56,24320,938],{"class":937},[56,24322,1080],{"class":66},[56,24324,1448],{"class":937},[56,24326,24327],{"class":941},"year",[56,24329,938],{"class":937},[56,24331,971],{"class":66},[56,24333,24334],{"class":79}," 2020",[56,24336,8797],{"class":66},[56,24338,24339],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,24340,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,24342,24343,24345,24347,24350,24352,24354],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,24344,299],{"class":284},[56,24346,288],{"class":75},[56,24348,24349],{"class":284}," car",[56,24351,497],{"class":66},[56,24353,16423],{"class":237},[56,24355,8129],{"class":66},[56,24357,24358],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,24359,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,24361,24362,24364,24366,24368],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,24363,63],{"class":62},[56,24365,67],{"class":66},[56,24367,338],{"class":237},[56,24369,241],{"class":66},[56,24371,24372,24374,24376,24378,24380,24382],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,24373,63],{"class":62},[56,24375,67],{"class":66},[56,24377,1314],{"class":989},[56,24379,67],{"class":66},[56,24381,338],{"class":237},[56,24383,83],{"class":66},[14,24385,24386],{},[3205,24387,130],{},[47,24389,24391],{"className":49,"code":24390,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[18,24392,24393,24415],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24394,24395,24397,24399,24401,24403,24405,24407,24409,24411,24413],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24396,16514],{"class":237},[56,24398,1074],{"class":66},[56,24400,1394],{"class":937},[56,24402,24309],{"class":941},[56,24404,1394],{"class":937},[56,24406,1080],{"class":66},[56,24408,1389],{"class":937},[56,24410,24327],{"class":941},[56,24412,1394],{"class":937},[56,24414,3354],{"class":66},[56,24416,24417,24419,24421,24423,24425,24427],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,24418,1383],{"class":75},[56,24420,1386],{"class":124},[56,24422,1389],{"class":937},[56,24424,16514],{"class":941},[56,24426,1394],{"class":937},[56,24428,1397],{"class":75},[14,24430,24431,24432,24436,24437,497],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[372,24433,10227,24434,10231],{"href":16568},[18,24435,16571],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[372,24438,10227,24439,10231],{"href":16575},[18,24440,16578],{},[42,24442,24444],{"id":24443},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[14,24446,24447],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[47,24449,24451],{"className":49,"code":24450,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[18,24452,24453,24506,24510,24526],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24454,24455,24457,24459,24461,24463,24465,24467,24469,24471,24473,24475,24477,24479,24481,24483,24485,24487,24489,24491,24493,24495,24497,24499,24502,24504],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24456,12359],{"class":284},[56,24458,288],{"class":75},[56,24460,9980],{"class":66},[56,24462,938],{"class":937},[56,24464,7149],{"class":941},[56,24466,938],{"class":937},[56,24468,971],{"class":66},[56,24470,1448],{"class":937},[56,24472,12376],{"class":941},[56,24474,938],{"class":937},[56,24476,1080],{"class":66},[56,24478,1448],{"class":937},[56,24480,8787],{"class":941},[56,24482,938],{"class":937},[56,24484,971],{"class":66},[56,24486,7272],{"class":79},[56,24488,1080],{"class":66},[56,24490,1448],{"class":937},[56,24492,14827],{"class":941},[56,24494,938],{"class":937},[56,24496,971],{"class":66},[56,24498,1448],{"class":937},[56,24500,24501],{"class":941},"Math",[56,24503,938],{"class":937},[56,24505,8797],{"class":66},[56,24507,24508],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,24509,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,24511,24512,24514,24516,24518,24520,24522,24524],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,24513,5434],{"class":3341},[56,24515,17710],{"class":284},[56,24517,3348],{"class":3341},[56,24519,12402],{"class":284},[56,24521,497],{"class":66},[56,24523,16423],{"class":237},[56,24525,21098],{"class":66},[56,24527,24528,24530,24532,24534],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,24529,7552],{"class":62},[56,24531,67],{"class":66},[56,24533,14339],{"class":237},[56,24535,241],{"class":66},[14,24537,24538],{},[3205,24539,130],{},[47,24541,24543],{"className":49,"code":24542,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[18,24544,24545,24550,24555],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24546,24547],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24548,24549],{"class":284},"name\n",[56,24551,24552],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,24553,24554],{"class":284},"age\n",[56,24556,24557],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,24558,24559],{"class":284},"course\n",[14,24561,24562],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[47,24564,24566],{"className":49,"code":24565,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[18,24567,24568,24580],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24569,24570,24572,24574,24576,24578],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24571,5434],{"class":3341},[56,24573,17710],{"class":284},[56,24575,3348],{"class":3341},[56,24577,12402],{"class":284},[56,24579,5871],{"class":66},[56,24581,24582,24584,24586,24588],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,24583,7552],{"class":62},[56,24585,67],{"class":66},[56,24587,14339],{"class":237},[56,24589,241],{"class":66},[14,24591,24592,24593,24596],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[18,24594,24595],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[42,24598,4433,24600],{"id":24599},"when-to-use-keys",[18,24601,16565],{},[14,24603,153,24604,10091],{},[18,24605,16565],{},[26,24607,24608,24611,24614],{},[29,24609,24610],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[29,24612,24613],{},"you want to display available fields",[29,24615,24616],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[14,24618,274],{},[47,24620,24622],{"className":49,"code":24621,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[18,24623,24624,24677,24681,24696,24713],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24625,24626,24629,24631,24633,24635,24637,24639,24641,24643,24646,24648,24650,24652,24655,24657,24659,24662,24664,24666,24669,24671,24673,24675],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24627,24628],{"class":284},"product ",[56,24630,288],{"class":75},[56,24632,9980],{"class":66},[56,24634,938],{"class":937},[56,24636,7149],{"class":941},[56,24638,938],{"class":937},[56,24640,971],{"class":66},[56,24642,1448],{"class":937},[56,24644,24645],{"class":941},"Book",[56,24647,938],{"class":937},[56,24649,1080],{"class":66},[56,24651,1448],{"class":937},[56,24653,24654],{"class":941},"price",[56,24656,938],{"class":937},[56,24658,971],{"class":66},[56,24660,24661],{"class":79}," 12.99",[56,24663,1080],{"class":66},[56,24665,1448],{"class":937},[56,24667,24668],{"class":941},"stock",[56,24670,938],{"class":937},[56,24672,971],{"class":66},[56,24674,4075],{"class":79},[56,24676,8797],{"class":66},[56,24678,24679],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,24680,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,24682,24683,24685,24687,24689,24692,24694],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,24684,63],{"class":62},[56,24686,67],{"class":66},[56,24688,938],{"class":937},[56,24690,24691],{"class":941},"Available fields:",[56,24693,938],{"class":937},[56,24695,241],{"class":66},[56,24697,24698,24700,24702,24704,24707,24709,24711],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,24699,5434],{"class":3341},[56,24701,17710],{"class":284},[56,24703,3348],{"class":3341},[56,24705,24706],{"class":284}," product",[56,24708,497],{"class":66},[56,24710,16423],{"class":237},[56,24712,21098],{"class":66},[56,24714,24715,24717,24719,24721],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,24716,7552],{"class":62},[56,24718,67],{"class":66},[56,24720,14339],{"class":237},[56,24722,241],{"class":66},[14,24724,24725],{},[3205,24726,130],{},[47,24728,24730],{"className":49,"code":24729,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[18,24731,24732,24739,24743,24748],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24733,24734,24737],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24735,24736],{"class":284},"Available fields",[56,24738,5871],{"class":66},[56,24740,24741],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,24742,24549],{"class":284},[56,24744,24745],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,24746,24747],{"class":284},"price\n",[56,24749,24750],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,24751,24752],{"class":284},"stock\n",[14,24754,24755],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[47,24757,24759],{"className":49,"code":24758,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[18,24760,24761,24797,24801],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24762,24763,24765,24767,24769,24771,24773,24775,24777,24779,24781,24783,24785,24787,24789,24791,24793,24795],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24764,24628],{"class":284},[56,24766,288],{"class":75},[56,24768,9980],{"class":66},[56,24770,938],{"class":937},[56,24772,7149],{"class":941},[56,24774,938],{"class":937},[56,24776,971],{"class":66},[56,24778,1448],{"class":937},[56,24780,24645],{"class":941},[56,24782,938],{"class":937},[56,24784,1080],{"class":66},[56,24786,1448],{"class":937},[56,24788,24654],{"class":941},[56,24790,938],{"class":937},[56,24792,971],{"class":66},[56,24794,24661],{"class":79},[56,24796,8797],{"class":66},[56,24798,24799],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,24800,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,24802,24803,24805,24807,24809,24811,24813,24815,24817,24819,24821],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,24804,63],{"class":62},[56,24806,67],{"class":66},[56,24808,938],{"class":937},[56,24810,7149],{"class":941},[56,24812,938],{"class":937},[56,24814,20676],{"class":3341},[56,24816,24706],{"class":237},[56,24818,497],{"class":66},[56,24820,16423],{"class":237},[56,24822,6674],{"class":66},[14,24824,24825,24826,497],{},"This works and returns ",[18,24827,3060],{},[14,24829,24830],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[47,24832,24834],{"className":49,"code":24833,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[18,24835,24836],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24837,24838,24840,24842,24844,24846,24848,24850,24852],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24839,63],{"class":62},[56,24841,67],{"class":66},[56,24843,938],{"class":937},[56,24845,7149],{"class":941},[56,24847,938],{"class":937},[56,24849,20676],{"class":3341},[56,24851,24706],{"class":237},[56,24853,241],{"class":66},[14,24855,24856,24857,497],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[372,24858,20709],{"href":16653},[42,24860,24862],{"id":24861},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[14,24864,24865,24866,497],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[18,24867,16565],{},[615,24869,7938,24871,24873],{"id":24870},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[18,24872,16565],{}," to return key-value pairs",[14,24875,24876,24878],{},[18,24877,16565],{}," returns only the keys.",[14,24880,274],{},[47,24882,24884],{"className":49,"code":24883,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[18,24885,24886,24922],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24887,24888,24890,24892,24894,24896,24898,24900,24902,24904,24906,24908,24910,24912,24914,24916,24918,24920],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24889,8653],{"class":284},[56,24891,288],{"class":75},[56,24893,9980],{"class":66},[56,24895,938],{"class":937},[56,24897,7149],{"class":941},[56,24899,938],{"class":937},[56,24901,971],{"class":66},[56,24903,1448],{"class":937},[56,24905,12376],{"class":941},[56,24907,938],{"class":937},[56,24909,1080],{"class":66},[56,24911,1448],{"class":937},[56,24913,8787],{"class":941},[56,24915,938],{"class":937},[56,24917,971],{"class":66},[56,24919,7272],{"class":79},[56,24921,8797],{"class":66},[56,24923,24924,24926,24928,24930,24932,24934],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,24925,63],{"class":62},[56,24927,67],{"class":66},[56,24929,8692],{"class":237},[56,24931,497],{"class":66},[56,24933,16423],{"class":237},[56,24935,6674],{"class":66},[14,24937,24938],{},[3205,24939,130],{},[47,24941,24943],{"className":49,"code":24942,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[18,24944,24945],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24946,24947,24949,24951,24953,24955,24957,24959,24961,24963,24965],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24948,16514],{"class":237},[56,24950,1074],{"class":66},[56,24952,1394],{"class":937},[56,24954,7149],{"class":941},[56,24956,1394],{"class":937},[56,24958,1080],{"class":66},[56,24960,1389],{"class":937},[56,24962,8787],{"class":941},[56,24964,1394],{"class":937},[56,24966,3354],{"class":66},[14,24968,24969,24970,497],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[372,24971,24972],{"href":16575},[18,24973,16578],{},[615,24975,24977,24978],{"id":24976},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[18,24979,16514],{},[14,24981,24982],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[47,24984,24986],{"className":49,"code":24985,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['name', 'age']\n",[18,24987,24988],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,24989,24990,24992,24994,24996,24998,25000,25002,25004,25006],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,24991,3366],{"class":66},[56,24993,1394],{"class":937},[56,24995,7149],{"class":941},[56,24997,1394],{"class":937},[56,24999,1080],{"class":66},[56,25001,1389],{"class":937},[56,25003,8787],{"class":941},[56,25005,1394],{"class":937},[56,25007,3093],{"class":66},[14,25009,25010,25011,25013],{},"But ",[18,25012,16565],{}," returns:",[47,25015,25016],{"className":49,"code":24942,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,25017,25018],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25019,25020,25022,25024,25026,25028,25030,25032,25034,25036,25038],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25021,16514],{"class":237},[56,25023,1074],{"class":66},[56,25025,1394],{"class":937},[56,25027,7149],{"class":941},[56,25029,1394],{"class":937},[56,25031,1080],{"class":66},[56,25033,1389],{"class":937},[56,25035,8787],{"class":941},[56,25037,1394],{"class":937},[56,25039,3354],{"class":66},[14,25041,25042],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[47,25044,25046],{"className":49,"code":25045,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[18,25047,25048,25084,25103,25107],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25049,25050,25052,25054,25056,25058,25060,25062,25064,25066,25068,25070,25072,25074,25076,25078,25080,25082],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25051,8653],{"class":284},[56,25053,288],{"class":75},[56,25055,9980],{"class":66},[56,25057,938],{"class":937},[56,25059,7149],{"class":941},[56,25061,938],{"class":937},[56,25063,971],{"class":66},[56,25065,1448],{"class":937},[56,25067,12376],{"class":941},[56,25069,938],{"class":937},[56,25071,1080],{"class":66},[56,25073,1448],{"class":937},[56,25075,8787],{"class":941},[56,25077,938],{"class":937},[56,25079,971],{"class":66},[56,25081,7272],{"class":79},[56,25083,8797],{"class":66},[56,25085,25086,25089,25091,25093,25095,25097,25099,25101],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,25087,25088],{"class":284},"key_list ",[56,25090,288],{"class":75},[56,25092,22063],{"class":989},[56,25094,67],{"class":66},[56,25096,8692],{"class":237},[56,25098,497],{"class":66},[56,25100,16423],{"class":237},[56,25102,6674],{"class":66},[56,25104,25105],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,25106,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,25108,25109,25111,25113,25116],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,25110,63],{"class":62},[56,25112,67],{"class":66},[56,25114,25115],{"class":237},"key_list",[56,25117,241],{"class":66},[615,25119,25121,25122,25124],{"id":25120},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[18,25123,16565],{}," on a list or string",[14,25126,25127,25129],{},[18,25128,16565],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[14,25131,919],{},[47,25133,25135],{"className":49,"code":25134,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[18,25136,25137,25157],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25138,25139,25141,25143,25145,25147,25149,25151,25153,25155],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25140,3075],{"class":284},[56,25142,288],{"class":75},[56,25144,3080],{"class":66},[56,25146,1077],{"class":79},[56,25148,1080],{"class":66},[56,25150,1083],{"class":79},[56,25152,1080],{"class":66},[56,25154,529],{"class":79},[56,25156,3093],{"class":66},[56,25158,25159,25161,25163,25165,25167,25169],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,25160,63],{"class":62},[56,25162,67],{"class":66},[56,25164,3107],{"class":237},[56,25166,497],{"class":66},[56,25168,16423],{"class":237},[56,25170,6674],{"class":66},[14,25172,25173,25174,25177,25178,25180,25181,497],{},"You may get an ",[18,25175,25176],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[18,25179,16565],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[372,25182,25184,25185,25188],{"href":25183},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[18,25186,25187],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[615,25190,25192],{"id":25191},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[14,25194,25195],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[47,25197,25199],{"className":49,"code":25198,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[18,25200,25201,25225],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25202,25203,25205,25207,25209,25211,25213,25215,25217,25219,25221,25223],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25204,8653],{"class":284},[56,25206,288],{"class":75},[56,25208,9980],{"class":66},[56,25210,938],{"class":937},[56,25212,7149],{"class":941},[56,25214,938],{"class":937},[56,25216,971],{"class":66},[56,25218,1448],{"class":937},[56,25220,12376],{"class":941},[56,25222,938],{"class":937},[56,25224,8797],{"class":66},[56,25226,25227,25229,25231,25233,25235,25237],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,25228,63],{"class":62},[56,25230,67],{"class":66},[56,25232,8692],{"class":237},[56,25234,497],{"class":66},[56,25236,16423],{"class":24254},[56,25238,241],{"class":66},[14,25240,25241],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[14,25243,18196],{},[47,25245,25247],{"className":49,"code":25246,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(data.keys())\n",[18,25248,25249],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25250,25251,25253,25255,25257,25259,25261],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25252,63],{"class":62},[56,25254,67],{"class":66},[56,25256,8692],{"class":237},[56,25258,497],{"class":66},[56,25260,16423],{"class":237},[56,25262,6674],{"class":66},[42,25264,912],{"id":911},[14,25266,25267,25268,971],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[18,25269,16565],{},[26,25271,25272,25277,25283,25289],{},[29,25273,7902,25274,25276],{},[18,25275,16565],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[29,25278,25279,25280,25282],{},"Thinking ",[18,25281,16565],{}," returns values too",[29,25284,25285,25286,25288],{},"Trying to index ",[18,25287,16514],{}," like a normal list",[29,25290,25291,25292,25294],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[18,25293,16514],{}," to a list when needed",[14,25296,25297],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[47,25299,25301],{"className":49,"code":25300,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[18,25302,25303,25335,25349,25353,25363],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25304,25305,25307,25309,25311,25313,25315,25317,25319,25321,25323,25325,25327,25329,25331,25333],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25306,8653],{"class":284},[56,25308,288],{"class":75},[56,25310,9980],{"class":66},[56,25312,938],{"class":937},[56,25314,372],{"class":941},[56,25316,938],{"class":937},[56,25318,971],{"class":66},[56,25320,4973],{"class":79},[56,25322,1080],{"class":66},[56,25324,1448],{"class":937},[56,25326,4232],{"class":941},[56,25328,938],{"class":937},[56,25330,971],{"class":66},[56,25332,1083],{"class":79},[56,25334,8797],{"class":66},[56,25336,25337,25339,25341,25343,25345,25347],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,25338,16742],{"class":284},[56,25340,288],{"class":75},[56,25342,14064],{"class":284},[56,25344,497],{"class":66},[56,25346,16423],{"class":237},[56,25348,8129],{"class":66},[56,25350,25351],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,25352,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,25354,25355,25357,25359,25361],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,25356,63],{"class":62},[56,25358,67],{"class":66},[56,25360,16423],{"class":237},[56,25362,241],{"class":66},[56,25364,25365],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,25366,25367],{"class":3123},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[14,25369,25370],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[47,25372,25374],{"className":49,"code":25373,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[18,25375,25376,25408,25426,25430],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25377,25378,25380,25382,25384,25386,25388,25390,25392,25394,25396,25398,25400,25402,25404,25406],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25379,8653],{"class":284},[56,25381,288],{"class":75},[56,25383,9980],{"class":66},[56,25385,938],{"class":937},[56,25387,372],{"class":941},[56,25389,938],{"class":937},[56,25391,971],{"class":66},[56,25393,4973],{"class":79},[56,25395,1080],{"class":66},[56,25397,1448],{"class":937},[56,25399,4232],{"class":941},[56,25401,938],{"class":937},[56,25403,971],{"class":66},[56,25405,1083],{"class":79},[56,25407,8797],{"class":66},[56,25409,25410,25412,25414,25416,25418,25420,25422,25424],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,25411,16742],{"class":284},[56,25413,288],{"class":75},[56,25415,22063],{"class":989},[56,25417,67],{"class":66},[56,25419,8692],{"class":237},[56,25421,497],{"class":66},[56,25423,16423],{"class":237},[56,25425,6674],{"class":66},[56,25427,25428],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,25429,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,25431,25432,25434,25436,25438,25440,25442],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,25433,63],{"class":62},[56,25435,67],{"class":66},[56,25437,16423],{"class":237},[56,25439,3366],{"class":66},[56,25441,181],{"class":79},[56,25443,3354],{"class":66},[42,25445,25447],{"id":25446},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[14,25449,10604],{},[47,25451,25453],{"className":49,"code":25452,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[18,25454,25455,25469,25479,25493],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25456,25457,25459,25461,25463,25465,25467],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25458,63],{"class":62},[56,25460,67],{"class":66},[56,25462,1314],{"class":989},[56,25464,67],{"class":66},[56,25466,10942],{"class":237},[56,25468,83],{"class":66},[56,25470,25471,25473,25475,25477],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,25472,63],{"class":62},[56,25474,67],{"class":66},[56,25476,10942],{"class":237},[56,25478,241],{"class":66},[56,25480,25481,25483,25485,25487,25489,25491],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,25482,63],{"class":62},[56,25484,67],{"class":66},[56,25486,10942],{"class":237},[56,25488,497],{"class":66},[56,25490,16423],{"class":237},[56,25492,6674],{"class":66},[56,25494,25495,25497,25499,25501,25503,25505,25507,25509],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,25496,63],{"class":62},[56,25498,67],{"class":66},[56,25500,7577],{"class":989},[56,25502,67],{"class":66},[56,25504,10942],{"class":237},[56,25506,497],{"class":66},[56,25508,16423],{"class":237},[56,25510,5767],{"class":66},[14,25512,25513],{},"These help you confirm:",[26,25515,25516,25519,25522,25527],{},[29,25517,25518],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[29,25520,25521],{},"what data it contains",[29,25523,25524,25525,11199],{},"what ",[18,25526,16565],{},[29,25528,25529],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[42,25531,1553],{"id":1552},[615,25533,23422,25535,4618],{"id":25534},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[18,25536,16565],{},[14,25538,16922,25539,25541],{},[18,25540,16514],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[615,25543,14401,25545,25548],{"id":25544},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[18,25546,25547],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[14,25550,25551,25552,25554,25555,497],{},"No. It returns a ",[18,25553,16514],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[18,25556,25557],{},"list(dict.keys())",[615,25559,25561,25562,571],{"id":25560},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[18,25563,25547],{},[14,25565,25566,25567,25569],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[18,25568,5434],{}," loop.",[615,25571,25573,25574,25576],{"id":25572},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[18,25575,16565],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[14,25578,25579,25580,25582],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[18,25581,16565],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[615,25584,25586],{"id":25585},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[14,25588,153,25589,497],{},[18,25590,25591],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[42,25593,1601],{"id":1600},[26,25595,25596,25601,25607,25613,25619,25623],{},[29,25597,25598],{},[372,25599,25600],{"href":8879},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[29,25602,25603],{},[372,25604,10227,25605,10231],{"href":16568},[18,25606,16571],{},[29,25608,25609],{},[372,25610,10227,25611,10231],{"href":16575},[18,25612,16578],{},[29,25614,25615],{},[372,25616,25618],{"href":25617},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[29,25620,25621],{},[372,25622,16654],{"href":16653},[29,25624,25625],{},[372,25626,25627,25628,25188],{"href":25183},"How to fix ",[18,25629,25187],{},[1633,25631,25632],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":25634},[25635,25636,25638,25639,25640,25641,25642,25644,25653,25654,25655,25666],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":23753,"depth":86,"text":25637},"What keys() does",{"id":5262,"depth":86,"text":5263},{"id":4905,"depth":86,"text":4906},{"id":16918,"depth":86,"text":16919},{"id":24443,"depth":86,"text":24444},{"id":24599,"depth":86,"text":25643},"When to use keys()",{"id":24861,"depth":86,"text":24862,"children":25645},[25646,25648,25650,25652],{"id":24870,"depth":102,"text":25647},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":24976,"depth":102,"text":25649},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25120,"depth":102,"text":25651},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25191,"depth":102,"text":25192},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":25446,"depth":86,"text":25447},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":25656},[25657,25659,25661,25663,25665],{"id":25534,"depth":102,"text":25658},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25544,"depth":102,"text":25660},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25560,"depth":102,"text":25662},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25572,"depth":102,"text":25664},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25585,"depth":102,"text":25586},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23575,"description":25667},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25673,"title":25674,"body":25675,"description":27948,"extension":1665,"meta":27949,"navigation":316,"path":27950,"seo":27951,"stem":27952,"__hash__":27953},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":25676,"toc":27901},[25677,25682,25687,25690,25692,25838,25851,25856,25860,25874,25876,25979,25988,25990,25993,26031,26056,26058,26165,26167,26174,26177,26185,26187,26328,26336,26341,26345,26356,26358,26520,26523,26531,26538,26544,26641,26647,26724,26727,26739,26744,26750,26753,26757,26846,26849,26853,26957,26964,27051,27060,27062,27067,27073,27076,27122,27125,27191,27200,27206,27299,27305,27311,27354,27357,27422,27428,27520,27523,27527,27533,27558,27561,27657,27664,27666,27671,27762,27764,27792,27797,27799,27806,27809,27813,27823,27828,27831,27838,27848,27855,27863,27865,27898],[10,25678,10810,25680,10814],{"id":25679},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[18,25681,12258],{},[14,25683,25684,25686],{},[18,25685,12064],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[14,25688,25689],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[42,25691,3065],{"id":3064},[47,25693,25695],{"className":49,"code":25694,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[18,25696,25697,25733,25757,25771,25784,25788,25793,25825],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25698,25699,25701,25703,25705,25707,25709,25711,25713,25715,25717,25719,25721,25723,25725,25727,25729,25731],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25700,12701],{"class":284},[56,25702,288],{"class":75},[56,25704,9980],{"class":66},[56,25706,938],{"class":937},[56,25708,7149],{"class":941},[56,25710,938],{"class":937},[56,25712,971],{"class":66},[56,25714,1448],{"class":937},[56,25716,12376],{"class":941},[56,25718,938],{"class":937},[56,25720,1080],{"class":66},[56,25722,1448],{"class":937},[56,25724,8787],{"class":941},[56,25726,938],{"class":937},[56,25728,971],{"class":66},[56,25730,8794],{"class":79},[56,25732,8797],{"class":66},[56,25734,25735,25738,25740,25742,25744,25747,25749,25751,25753,25755],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,25736,25737],{"class":284},"removed_age ",[56,25739,288],{"class":75},[56,25741,12744],{"class":284},[56,25743,497],{"class":66},[56,25745,25746],{"class":237},"pop",[56,25748,67],{"class":66},[56,25750,938],{"class":937},[56,25752,8787],{"class":941},[56,25754,938],{"class":937},[56,25756,241],{"class":66},[56,25758,25759,25761,25763,25766,25768],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,25760,63],{"class":62},[56,25762,67],{"class":66},[56,25764,25765],{"class":237},"removed_age",[56,25767,3120],{"class":66},[56,25769,25770],{"class":3123},"   # 25\n",[56,25772,25773,25775,25777,25779,25781],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,25774,63],{"class":62},[56,25776,67],{"class":66},[56,25778,16807],{"class":237},[56,25780,3120],{"class":66},[56,25782,25783],{"class":3123},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[56,25785,25786],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,25787,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,25789,25790],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,25791,25792],{"class":3123},"# Safe version with default value\n",[56,25794,25795,25798,25800,25802,25804,25806,25808,25810,25812,25814,25816,25818,25821,25823],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,25796,25797],{"class":284},"country ",[56,25799,288],{"class":75},[56,25801,12744],{"class":284},[56,25803,497],{"class":66},[56,25805,25746],{"class":237},[56,25807,67],{"class":66},[56,25809,938],{"class":937},[56,25811,14760],{"class":941},[56,25813,938],{"class":937},[56,25815,1080],{"class":66},[56,25817,1448],{"class":937},[56,25819,25820],{"class":941},"Not found",[56,25822,938],{"class":937},[56,25824,241],{"class":66},[56,25826,25827,25829,25831,25833,25835],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,25828,63],{"class":62},[56,25830,67],{"class":66},[56,25832,14760],{"class":237},[56,25834,3120],{"class":66},[56,25836,25837],{"class":3123},"       # Not found\n",[14,25839,153,25840,25843,25844,25847,25848,25850],{},[18,25841,25842],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[18,25845,25846],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[18,25849,19189],{}," when the key might not exist.",[42,25852,3138,25854,3141],{"id":25853},"what-dictpop-does",[18,25855,12064],{},[14,25857,25858,971],{},[18,25859,12064],{},[26,25861,25862,25865,25868,25871],{},[29,25863,25864],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[29,25866,25867],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[29,25869,25870],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[29,25872,25873],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[14,25875,274],{},[47,25877,25879],{"className":49,"code":25878,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[18,25880,25881,25921,25925,25948,25952,25966],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25882,25883,25885,25887,25889,25891,25893,25895,25897,25899,25901,25903,25905,25907,25909,25911,25913,25915,25917,25919],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,25884,10981],{"class":284},[56,25886,288],{"class":75},[56,25888,9980],{"class":66},[56,25890,938],{"class":937},[56,25892,7149],{"class":941},[56,25894,938],{"class":937},[56,25896,971],{"class":66},[56,25898,1448],{"class":937},[56,25900,12718],{"class":941},[56,25902,938],{"class":937},[56,25904,1080],{"class":66},[56,25906,1448],{"class":937},[56,25908,9898],{"class":941},[56,25910,938],{"class":937},[56,25912,971],{"class":66},[56,25914,1448],{"class":937},[56,25916,9905],{"class":941},[56,25918,938],{"class":937},[56,25920,8797],{"class":66},[56,25922,25923],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,25924,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,25926,25927,25930,25932,25934,25936,25938,25940,25942,25944,25946],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,25928,25929],{"class":284},"removed_city ",[56,25931,288],{"class":75},[56,25933,11064],{"class":284},[56,25935,497],{"class":66},[56,25937,25746],{"class":237},[56,25939,67],{"class":66},[56,25941,938],{"class":937},[56,25943,9898],{"class":941},[56,25945,938],{"class":937},[56,25947,241],{"class":66},[56,25949,25950],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,25951,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,25953,25954,25956,25958,25961,25963],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,25955,63],{"class":62},[56,25957,67],{"class":66},[56,25959,25960],{"class":237},"removed_city",[56,25962,3120],{"class":66},[56,25964,25965],{"class":3123},"  # Paris\n",[56,25967,25968,25970,25972,25974,25976],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,25969,63],{"class":62},[56,25971,67],{"class":66},[56,25973,11075],{"class":237},[56,25975,3120],{"class":66},[56,25977,25978],{"class":3123},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[14,25980,20273,25981,25984,25985,497],{},[18,25982,25983],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[18,25986,25987],{},"\"Paris\"",[42,25989,220],{"id":219},[14,25991,25992],{},"There are two common forms:",[47,25994,25996],{"className":49,"code":25995,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[18,25997,25998,26012],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,25999,26000,26002,26004,26006,26008,26010],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,26001,10942],{"class":284},[56,26003,497],{"class":66},[56,26005,25746],{"class":237},[56,26007,67],{"class":66},[56,26009,14339],{"class":237},[56,26011,241],{"class":66},[56,26013,26014,26016,26018,26020,26022,26024,26026,26029],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,26015,10942],{"class":284},[56,26017,497],{"class":66},[56,26019,25746],{"class":237},[56,26021,67],{"class":66},[56,26023,14339],{"class":237},[56,26025,1080],{"class":66},[56,26027,26028],{"class":237}," default",[56,26030,241],{"class":66},[26,26032,26033,26039,26047,26053],{},[29,26034,26035,26038],{},[18,26036,26037],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[29,26040,26041,26043,26044,26046],{},[18,26042,26037],{}," raises ",[18,26045,19189],{}," if the key is missing",[29,26048,26049,26052],{},[18,26050,26051],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[29,26054,26055],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[14,26057,274],{},[47,26059,26061],{"className":49,"code":26060,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[18,26062,26063,26095,26099,26124,26152],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,26064,26065,26067,26069,26071,26073,26075,26077,26079,26081,26083,26085,26087,26089,26091,26093],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,26066,4536],{"class":284},[56,26068,288],{"class":75},[56,26070,9980],{"class":66},[56,26072,938],{"class":937},[56,26074,17918],{"class":941},[56,26076,938],{"class":937},[56,26078,971],{"class":66},[56,26080,19400],{"class":79},[56,26082,1080],{"class":66},[56,26084,1448],{"class":937},[56,26086,17927],{"class":941},[56,26088,938],{"class":937},[56,26090,971],{"class":66},[56,26092,13004],{"class":79},[56,26094,8797],{"class":66},[56,26096,26097],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,26098,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,26100,26101,26103,26105,26107,26109,26111,26113,26115,26117,26119,26121],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,26102,63],{"class":62},[56,26104,67],{"class":66},[56,26106,15888],{"class":237},[56,26108,497],{"class":66},[56,26110,25746],{"class":237},[56,26112,67],{"class":66},[56,26114,938],{"class":937},[56,26116,17918],{"class":941},[56,26118,938],{"class":937},[56,26120,4836],{"class":66},[56,26122,26123],{"class":3123},"         # 90\n",[56,26125,26126,26128,26130,26132,26134,26136,26138,26140,26142,26144,26146,26148,26150],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,26127,63],{"class":62},[56,26129,67],{"class":66},[56,26131,15888],{"class":237},[56,26133,497],{"class":66},[56,26135,25746],{"class":237},[56,26137,67],{"class":66},[56,26139,938],{"class":937},[56,26141,17936],{"class":941},[56,26143,938],{"class":937},[56,26145,1080],{"class":66},[56,26147,3297],{"class":79},[56,26149,4836],{"class":66},[56,26151,20270],{"class":3123},[56,26153,26154,26156,26158,26160,26162],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,26155,63],{"class":62},[56,26157,67],{"class":66},[56,26159,15888],{"class":237},[56,26161,3120],{"class":66},[56,26163,26164],{"class":3123},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[42,26166,16919],{"id":16918},[14,26168,26169,13551,26171,26173],{},[18,26170,12258],{},[3205,26172,4101],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[14,26175,26176],{},"Instead, it returns:",[26,26178,26179,26182],{},[29,26180,26181],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[29,26183,26184],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[14,26186,274],{},[47,26188,26190],{"className":49,"code":26189,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[18,26191,26192,26224,26228,26251,26283,26287,26301,26315],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,26193,26194,26196,26198,26200,26202,26204,26206,26208,26210,26212,26214,26216,26218,26220,26222],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,26195,8653],{"class":284},[56,26197,288],{"class":75},[56,26199,9980],{"class":66},[56,26201,938],{"class":937},[56,26203,372],{"class":941},[56,26205,938],{"class":937},[56,26207,971],{"class":66},[56,26209,5481],{"class":79},[56,26211,1080],{"class":66},[56,26213,1448],{"class":937},[56,26215,4232],{"class":941},[56,26217,938],{"class":937},[56,26219,971],{"class":66},[56,26221,7272],{"class":79},[56,26223,8797],{"class":66},[56,26225,26226],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,26227,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,26229,26230,26233,26235,26237,26239,26241,26243,26245,26247,26249],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,26231,26232],{"class":284},"result1 ",[56,26234,288],{"class":75},[56,26236,14064],{"class":284},[56,26238,497],{"class":66},[56,26240,25746],{"class":237},[56,26242,67],{"class":66},[56,26244,938],{"class":937},[56,26246,372],{"class":941},[56,26248,938],{"class":937},[56,26250,241],{"class":66},[56,26252,26253,26256,26258,26260,26262,26264,26266,26268,26270,26272,26274,26276,26279,26281],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,26254,26255],{"class":284},"result2 ",[56,26257,288],{"class":75},[56,26259,14064],{"class":284},[56,26261,497],{"class":66},[56,26263,25746],{"class":237},[56,26265,67],{"class":66},[56,26267,938],{"class":937},[56,26269,9228],{"class":941},[56,26271,938],{"class":937},[56,26273,1080],{"class":66},[56,26275,1448],{"class":937},[56,26277,26278],{"class":941},"missing",[56,26280,938],{"class":937},[56,26282,241],{"class":66},[56,26284,26285],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,26286,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,26288,26289,26291,26293,26296,26298],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,26290,63],{"class":62},[56,26292,67],{"class":66},[56,26294,26295],{"class":237},"result1",[56,26297,3120],{"class":66},[56,26299,26300],{"class":3123},"  # 10\n",[56,26302,26303,26305,26307,26310,26312],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,26304,63],{"class":62},[56,26306,67],{"class":66},[56,26308,26309],{"class":237},"result2",[56,26311,3120],{"class":66},[56,26313,26314],{"class":3123},"  # missing\n",[56,26316,26317,26319,26321,26323,26325],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,26318,63],{"class":62},[56,26320,67],{"class":66},[56,26322,8692],{"class":237},[56,26324,3120],{"class":66},[56,26326,26327],{"class":3123},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[14,26329,26330,26331,6110],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[372,26332,26333],{"href":10226},[18,26334,26335],{},"dict.get()",[42,26337,4433,26339],{"id":26338},"when-to-use-pop",[18,26340,12258],{},[14,26342,153,26343,10091],{},[18,26344,12258],{},[26,26346,26347,26350,26353],{},[29,26348,26349],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[29,26351,26352],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[29,26354,26355],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[14,26357,274],{},[47,26359,26361],{"className":49,"code":26360,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[18,26362,26363,26415,26419,26446,26450,26474,26478,26492,26506],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,26364,26365,26367,26369,26371,26373,26375,26377,26379,26381,26384,26386,26388,26390,26392,26394,26396,26399,26401,26403,26406,26408,26410,26413],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,26366,24628],{"class":284},[56,26368,288],{"class":75},[56,26370,9980],{"class":66},[56,26372,938],{"class":937},[56,26374,7149],{"class":941},[56,26376,938],{"class":937},[56,26378,971],{"class":66},[56,26380,1448],{"class":937},[56,26382,26383],{"class":941},"Laptop",[56,26385,938],{"class":937},[56,26387,1080],{"class":66},[56,26389,1448],{"class":937},[56,26391,24654],{"class":941},[56,26393,938],{"class":937},[56,26395,971],{"class":66},[56,26397,26398],{"class":79}," 1200",[56,26400,1080],{"class":66},[56,26402,1448],{"class":937},[56,26404,26405],{"class":941},"discount",[56,26407,938],{"class":937},[56,26409,971],{"class":66},[56,26411,26412],{"class":79}," 200",[56,26414,8797],{"class":66},[56,26416,26417],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,26418,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,26420,26421,26424,26426,26428,26430,26432,26434,26436,26438,26440,26442,26444],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,26422,26423],{"class":284},"discount_amount ",[56,26425,288],{"class":75},[56,26427,24706],{"class":284},[56,26429,497],{"class":66},[56,26431,25746],{"class":237},[56,26433,67],{"class":66},[56,26435,938],{"class":937},[56,26437,26405],{"class":941},[56,26439,938],{"class":937},[56,26441,1080],{"class":66},[56,26443,3297],{"class":79},[56,26445,241],{"class":66},[56,26447,26448],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,26449,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,26451,26452,26455,26457,26459,26461,26463,26465,26467,26469,26471],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,26453,26454],{"class":284},"final_price ",[56,26456,288],{"class":75},[56,26458,24706],{"class":284},[56,26460,3366],{"class":66},[56,26462,938],{"class":937},[56,26464,24654],{"class":941},[56,26466,938],{"class":937},[56,26468,12770],{"class":66},[56,26470,291],{"class":75},[56,26472,26473],{"class":284}," discount_amount\n",[56,26475,26476],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,26477,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,26479,26480,26482,26484,26487,26489],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,26481,63],{"class":62},[56,26483,67],{"class":66},[56,26485,26486],{"class":237},"discount_amount",[56,26488,3120],{"class":66},[56,26490,26491],{"class":3123},"  # 200\n",[56,26493,26494,26496,26498,26501,26503],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,26495,63],{"class":62},[56,26497,67],{"class":66},[56,26499,26500],{"class":237},"final_price",[56,26502,3120],{"class":66},[56,26504,26505],{"class":3123},"      # 1000\n",[56,26507,26508,26510,26512,26515,26517],{"class":58,"line":5910},[56,26509,63],{"class":62},[56,26511,67],{"class":66},[56,26513,26514],{"class":237},"product",[56,26516,3120],{"class":66},[56,26518,26519],{"class":3123},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[14,26521,26522],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[42,26524,26526,10075,26528],{"id":26525},"pop-vs-del",[18,26527,12258],{},[18,26529,26530],{},"del",[14,26532,10080,26533,3862,26535,26537],{},[18,26534,12258],{},[18,26536,26530],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[615,26539,153,26541,26543],{"id":26540},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[18,26542,12258],{}," when you need the removed value",[47,26545,26547],{"className":49,"code":26546,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,26548,26549,26585,26589,26611,26615,26628],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,26550,26551,26553,26555,26557,26559,26561,26563,26565,26567,26569,26571,26573,26575,26577,26579,26581,26583],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,26552,12701],{"class":284},[56,26554,288],{"class":75},[56,26556,9980],{"class":66},[56,26558,938],{"class":937},[56,26560,7149],{"class":941},[56,26562,938],{"class":937},[56,26564,971],{"class":66},[56,26566,1448],{"class":937},[56,26568,12376],{"class":941},[56,26570,938],{"class":937},[56,26572,1080],{"class":66},[56,26574,1448],{"class":937},[56,26576,8787],{"class":941},[56,26578,938],{"class":937},[56,26580,971],{"class":66},[56,26582,8794],{"class":79},[56,26584,8797],{"class":66},[56,26586,26587],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,26588,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,26590,26591,26593,26595,26597,26599,26601,26603,26605,26607,26609],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,26592,21131],{"class":284},[56,26594,288],{"class":75},[56,26596,12744],{"class":284},[56,26598,497],{"class":66},[56,26600,25746],{"class":237},[56,26602,67],{"class":66},[56,26604,938],{"class":937},[56,26606,8787],{"class":941},[56,26608,938],{"class":937},[56,26610,241],{"class":66},[56,26612,26613],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,26614,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,26616,26617,26619,26621,26623,26625],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,26618,63],{"class":62},[56,26620,67],{"class":66},[56,26622,8787],{"class":237},[56,26624,3120],{"class":66},[56,26626,26627],{"class":3123},"     # 25\n",[56,26629,26630,26632,26634,26636,26638],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,26631,63],{"class":62},[56,26633,67],{"class":66},[56,26635,16807],{"class":237},[56,26637,3120],{"class":66},[56,26639,26640],{"class":3123},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[615,26642,153,26644,26646],{"id":26643},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[18,26645,26530],{}," when you only want deletion",[47,26648,26650],{"className":49,"code":26649,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[18,26651,26652,26688,26692,26708,26712],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,26653,26654,26656,26658,26660,26662,26664,26666,26668,26670,26672,26674,26676,26678,26680,26682,26684,26686],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,26655,12701],{"class":284},[56,26657,288],{"class":75},[56,26659,9980],{"class":66},[56,26661,938],{"class":937},[56,26663,7149],{"class":941},[56,26665,938],{"class":937},[56,26667,971],{"class":66},[56,26669,1448],{"class":937},[56,26671,12376],{"class":941},[56,26673,938],{"class":937},[56,26675,1080],{"class":66},[56,26677,1448],{"class":937},[56,26679,8787],{"class":941},[56,26681,938],{"class":937},[56,26683,971],{"class":66},[56,26685,8794],{"class":79},[56,26687,8797],{"class":66},[56,26689,26690],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,26691,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,26693,26694,26696,26698,26700,26702,26704,26706],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,26695,26530],{"class":3341},[56,26697,12744],{"class":284},[56,26699,3366],{"class":66},[56,26701,938],{"class":937},[56,26703,8787],{"class":941},[56,26705,938],{"class":937},[56,26707,3093],{"class":66},[56,26709,26710],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,26711,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,26713,26714,26716,26718,26720,26722],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,26715,63],{"class":62},[56,26717,67],{"class":66},[56,26719,16807],{"class":237},[56,26721,3120],{"class":66},[56,26723,26640],{"class":3123},[14,26725,26726],{},"Difference:",[26,26728,26729,26734],{},[29,26730,26731,26733],{},[18,26732,12258],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[29,26735,26736,26738],{},[18,26737,26530],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[14,26740,26741,26742,497],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[372,26743,12069],{"href":12068},[42,26745,26747,26748],{"id":26746},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[18,26749,19189],{},[14,26751,26752],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[615,26754,26756],{"id":26755},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[47,26758,26760],{"className":49,"code":26759,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[18,26761,26762,26787,26791,26817,26821,26833],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,26763,26764,26766,26768,26770,26772,26774,26776,26778,26780,26783,26785],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,26765,11218],{"class":284},[56,26767,288],{"class":75},[56,26769,9980],{"class":66},[56,26771,938],{"class":937},[56,26773,7149],{"class":941},[56,26775,938],{"class":937},[56,26777,971],{"class":66},[56,26779,1448],{"class":937},[56,26781,26782],{"class":941},"Sara",[56,26784,938],{"class":937},[56,26786,8797],{"class":66},[56,26788,26789],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,26790,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,26792,26793,26795,26797,26799,26801,26803,26805,26807,26809,26811,26813,26815],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,26794,524],{"class":284},[56,26796,288],{"class":75},[56,26798,11260],{"class":284},[56,26800,497],{"class":66},[56,26802,25746],{"class":237},[56,26804,67],{"class":66},[56,26806,938],{"class":937},[56,26808,8787],{"class":941},[56,26810,938],{"class":937},[56,26812,1080],{"class":66},[56,26814,3317],{"class":3316},[56,26816,241],{"class":66},[56,26818,26819],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,26820,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,26822,26823,26825,26827,26829,26831],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,26824,63],{"class":62},[56,26826,67],{"class":66},[56,26828,551],{"class":237},[56,26830,3120],{"class":66},[56,26832,20063],{"class":3123},[56,26834,26835,26837,26839,26841,26843],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,26836,63],{"class":62},[56,26838,67],{"class":66},[56,26840,10942],{"class":237},[56,26842,3120],{"class":66},[56,26844,26845],{"class":3123}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[14,26847,26848],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[615,26850,26852],{"id":26851},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[47,26854,26856],{"className":49,"code":26855,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[18,26857,26858,26882,26886,26902,26925,26935,26942],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,26859,26860,26862,26864,26866,26868,26870,26872,26874,26876,26878,26880],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,26861,11218],{"class":284},[56,26863,288],{"class":75},[56,26865,9980],{"class":66},[56,26867,938],{"class":937},[56,26869,7149],{"class":941},[56,26871,938],{"class":937},[56,26873,971],{"class":66},[56,26875,1448],{"class":937},[56,26877,26782],{"class":941},[56,26879,938],{"class":937},[56,26881,8797],{"class":66},[56,26883,26884],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,26885,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,26887,26888,26890,26892,26894,26896,26898,26900],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,26889,6477],{"class":3341},[56,26891,1448],{"class":937},[56,26893,8787],{"class":941},[56,26895,938],{"class":937},[56,26897,20676],{"class":75},[56,26899,11260],{"class":284},[56,26901,5871],{"class":66},[56,26903,26904,26907,26909,26911,26913,26915,26917,26919,26921,26923],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,26905,26906],{"class":284},"    value ",[56,26908,288],{"class":75},[56,26910,11260],{"class":284},[56,26912,497],{"class":66},[56,26914,25746],{"class":237},[56,26916,67],{"class":66},[56,26918,938],{"class":937},[56,26920,8787],{"class":941},[56,26922,938],{"class":937},[56,26924,241],{"class":66},[56,26926,26927,26929,26931,26933],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,26928,7552],{"class":62},[56,26930,67],{"class":66},[56,26932,551],{"class":237},[56,26934,241],{"class":66},[56,26936,26937,26940],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,26938,26939],{"class":3341},"else",[56,26941,5871],{"class":66},[56,26943,26944,26946,26948,26950,26953,26955],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,26945,7552],{"class":62},[56,26947,67],{"class":66},[56,26949,938],{"class":937},[56,26951,26952],{"class":941},"Key not found",[56,26954,938],{"class":937},[56,26956,241],{"class":66},[615,26958,26960,26961,26963],{"id":26959},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[18,26962,10230],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[47,26965,26967],{"className":49,"code":26966,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[18,26968,26969,26993,26997,27023,27027,27039],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,26970,26971,26973,26975,26977,26979,26981,26983,26985,26987,26989,26991],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,26972,11218],{"class":284},[56,26974,288],{"class":75},[56,26976,9980],{"class":66},[56,26978,938],{"class":937},[56,26980,7149],{"class":941},[56,26982,938],{"class":937},[56,26984,971],{"class":66},[56,26986,1448],{"class":937},[56,26988,26782],{"class":941},[56,26990,938],{"class":937},[56,26992,8797],{"class":66},[56,26994,26995],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,26996,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,26998,26999,27001,27003,27005,27007,27009,27011,27013,27015,27017,27019,27021],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,27000,524],{"class":284},[56,27002,288],{"class":75},[56,27004,11260],{"class":284},[56,27006,497],{"class":66},[56,27008,19252],{"class":237},[56,27010,67],{"class":66},[56,27012,938],{"class":937},[56,27014,8787],{"class":941},[56,27016,938],{"class":937},[56,27018,1080],{"class":66},[56,27020,3317],{"class":3316},[56,27022,241],{"class":66},[56,27024,27025],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,27026,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,27028,27029,27031,27033,27035,27037],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,27030,63],{"class":62},[56,27032,67],{"class":66},[56,27034,551],{"class":237},[56,27036,3120],{"class":66},[56,27038,20063],{"class":3123},[56,27040,27041,27043,27045,27047,27049],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,27042,63],{"class":62},[56,27044,67],{"class":66},[56,27046,10942],{"class":237},[56,27048,3120],{"class":66},[56,27050,26845],{"class":3123},[14,27052,153,27053,27057,27058,497],{},[372,27054,27055],{"href":10226},[18,27056,26335],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[372,27059,10754],{"href":10565},[42,27061,3988],{"id":3987},[14,27063,27064,27065,497],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[18,27066,12064],{},[615,27068,25279,27070,27072],{"id":27069},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[18,27071,12258],{}," removes by position like a list",[14,27074,27075],{},"Lists use indexes:",[47,27077,27079],{"className":49,"code":27078,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[18,27080,27081,27101],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,27082,27083,27085,27087,27089,27091,27093,27095,27097,27099],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,27084,3075],{"class":284},[56,27086,288],{"class":75},[56,27088,3080],{"class":66},[56,27090,406],{"class":79},[56,27092,1080],{"class":66},[56,27094,7272],{"class":79},[56,27096,1080],{"class":66},[56,27098,7277],{"class":79},[56,27100,3093],{"class":66},[56,27102,27103,27105,27107,27109,27111,27113,27115,27117,27119],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,27104,63],{"class":62},[56,27106,67],{"class":66},[56,27108,3107],{"class":237},[56,27110,497],{"class":66},[56,27112,25746],{"class":237},[56,27114,67],{"class":66},[56,27116,1077],{"class":79},[56,27118,4836],{"class":66},[56,27120,27121],{"class":3123},"  # 20\n",[14,27123,27124],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[47,27126,27128],{"className":49,"code":27127,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[18,27129,27130,27166],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,27131,27132,27134,27136,27138,27140,27142,27144,27146,27148,27150,27152,27154,27156,27158,27160,27162,27164],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,27133,12701],{"class":284},[56,27135,288],{"class":75},[56,27137,9980],{"class":66},[56,27139,938],{"class":937},[56,27141,7149],{"class":941},[56,27143,938],{"class":937},[56,27145,971],{"class":66},[56,27147,1448],{"class":937},[56,27149,12376],{"class":941},[56,27151,938],{"class":937},[56,27153,1080],{"class":66},[56,27155,1448],{"class":937},[56,27157,8787],{"class":941},[56,27159,938],{"class":937},[56,27161,971],{"class":66},[56,27163,8794],{"class":79},[56,27165,8797],{"class":66},[56,27167,27168,27170,27172,27174,27176,27178,27180,27182,27184,27186,27188],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,27169,63],{"class":62},[56,27171,67],{"class":66},[56,27173,16807],{"class":237},[56,27175,497],{"class":66},[56,27177,25746],{"class":237},[56,27179,67],{"class":66},[56,27181,938],{"class":937},[56,27183,8787],{"class":941},[56,27185,938],{"class":937},[56,27187,4836],{"class":66},[56,27189,27190],{"class":3123},"  # 25\n",[14,27192,27193,27194,27196,27197,27199],{},"A dictionary does ",[3205,27195,4101],{}," use positions with ",[18,27198,12258],{},". It uses keys.",[615,27201,4175,27203,27205],{"id":27202},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[18,27204,12258],{}," changes the original dictionary",[47,27207,27209],{"className":49,"code":27208,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[18,27210,27211,27243,27247,27269,27273,27286],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,27212,27213,27215,27217,27219,27221,27223,27225,27227,27229,27231,27233,27235,27237,27239,27241],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,27214,8653],{"class":284},[56,27216,288],{"class":75},[56,27218,9980],{"class":66},[56,27220,938],{"class":937},[56,27222,238],{"class":941},[56,27224,938],{"class":937},[56,27226,971],{"class":66},[56,27228,4973],{"class":79},[56,27230,1080],{"class":66},[56,27232,1448],{"class":937},[56,27234,11239],{"class":941},[56,27236,938],{"class":937},[56,27238,971],{"class":66},[56,27240,1083],{"class":79},[56,27242,8797],{"class":66},[56,27244,27245],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,27246,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,27248,27249,27251,27253,27255,27257,27259,27261,27263,27265,27267],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,27250,524],{"class":284},[56,27252,288],{"class":75},[56,27254,14064],{"class":284},[56,27256,497],{"class":66},[56,27258,25746],{"class":237},[56,27260,67],{"class":66},[56,27262,938],{"class":937},[56,27264,238],{"class":941},[56,27266,938],{"class":937},[56,27268,241],{"class":66},[56,27270,27271],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,27272,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,27274,27275,27277,27279,27281,27283],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,27276,63],{"class":62},[56,27278,67],{"class":66},[56,27280,551],{"class":237},[56,27282,3120],{"class":66},[56,27284,27285],{"class":3123},"  # 1\n",[56,27287,27288,27290,27292,27294,27296],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,27289,63],{"class":62},[56,27291,67],{"class":66},[56,27293,8692],{"class":237},[56,27295,3120],{"class":66},[56,27297,27298],{"class":3123},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[14,27300,27301,27302,27304],{},"After ",[18,27303,12258],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[615,27306,7902,27308,27310],{"id":27307},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[18,27309,12258],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[47,27312,27314],{"className":49,"code":27313,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[18,27315,27316,27340,27344,27349],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,27317,27318,27320,27322,27324,27326,27328,27330,27332,27334,27336,27338],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,27319,8653],{"class":284},[56,27321,288],{"class":75},[56,27323,9980],{"class":66},[56,27325,938],{"class":937},[56,27327,7149],{"class":941},[56,27329,938],{"class":937},[56,27331,971],{"class":66},[56,27333,1448],{"class":937},[56,27335,7404],{"class":941},[56,27337,938],{"class":937},[56,27339,8797],{"class":66},[56,27341,27342],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,27343,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,27345,27346],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,27347,27348],{"class":3123},"# This causes an error\n",[56,27350,27351],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,27352,27353],{"class":3123},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[14,27355,27356],{},"Safer version:",[47,27358,27360],{"className":49,"code":27359,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[18,27361,27362,27386,27390],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,27363,27364,27366,27368,27370,27372,27374,27376,27378,27380,27382,27384],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,27365,8653],{"class":284},[56,27367,288],{"class":75},[56,27369,9980],{"class":66},[56,27371,938],{"class":937},[56,27373,7149],{"class":941},[56,27375,938],{"class":937},[56,27377,971],{"class":66},[56,27379,1448],{"class":937},[56,27381,7404],{"class":941},[56,27383,938],{"class":937},[56,27385,8797],{"class":66},[56,27387,27388],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,27389,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,27391,27392,27394,27396,27398,27400,27402,27404,27406,27408,27410,27412,27414,27416,27418,27420],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,27393,63],{"class":62},[56,27395,67],{"class":66},[56,27397,8692],{"class":237},[56,27399,497],{"class":66},[56,27401,25746],{"class":237},[56,27403,67],{"class":66},[56,27405,938],{"class":937},[56,27407,8787],{"class":941},[56,27409,938],{"class":937},[56,27411,1080],{"class":66},[56,27413,1448],{"class":937},[56,27415,26278],{"class":941},[56,27417,938],{"class":937},[56,27419,4836],{"class":66},[56,27421,26314],{"class":3123},[615,27423,7938,27425,27427],{"id":27424},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[18,27426,12258],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[47,27429,27431],{"className":49,"code":27430,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[18,27432,27433,27465,27469,27491,27495,27507],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,27434,27435,27437,27439,27441,27443,27445,27447,27449,27451,27453,27455,27457,27459,27461,27463],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,27436,8653],{"class":284},[56,27438,288],{"class":75},[56,27440,9980],{"class":66},[56,27442,938],{"class":937},[56,27444,372],{"class":941},[56,27446,938],{"class":937},[56,27448,971],{"class":66},[56,27450,4973],{"class":79},[56,27452,1080],{"class":66},[56,27454,1448],{"class":937},[56,27456,4232],{"class":941},[56,27458,938],{"class":937},[56,27460,971],{"class":66},[56,27462,1083],{"class":79},[56,27464,8797],{"class":66},[56,27466,27467],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,27468,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,27470,27471,27473,27475,27477,27479,27481,27483,27485,27487,27489],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,27472,299],{"class":284},[56,27474,288],{"class":75},[56,27476,14064],{"class":284},[56,27478,497],{"class":66},[56,27480,25746],{"class":237},[56,27482,67],{"class":66},[56,27484,938],{"class":937},[56,27486,372],{"class":941},[56,27488,938],{"class":937},[56,27490,241],{"class":66},[56,27492,27493],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,27494,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,27496,27497,27499,27501,27503,27505],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,27498,63],{"class":62},[56,27500,67],{"class":66},[56,27502,338],{"class":237},[56,27504,3120],{"class":66},[56,27506,27285],{"class":3123},[56,27508,27509,27511,27513,27515,27517],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,27510,63],{"class":62},[56,27512,67],{"class":66},[56,27514,8692],{"class":237},[56,27516,3120],{"class":66},[56,27518,27519],{"class":3123},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[14,27521,27522],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[42,27524,27526],{"id":27525},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[14,27528,27529,27530,27532],{},"Problems with ",[18,27531,12064],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[26,27534,27535,27538,27547,27550],{},[29,27536,27537],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[29,27539,27540,27541,27544,27545],{},"Mixing up list ",[18,27542,27543],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[18,27546,25842],{},[29,27548,27549],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[29,27551,27552,27553,10583,27555],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[18,27554,1077],{},[18,27556,27557],{},"\"1\"",[14,27559,27560],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[47,27562,27564],{"className":49,"code":27563,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[18,27565,27566,27590,27594,27624],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,27567,27568,27570,27572,27574,27576,27578,27580,27582,27584,27586,27588],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,27569,8653],{"class":284},[56,27571,288],{"class":75},[56,27573,9980],{"class":66},[56,27575,938],{"class":937},[56,27577,1077],{"class":941},[56,27579,938],{"class":937},[56,27581,971],{"class":66},[56,27583,1448],{"class":937},[56,27585,6064],{"class":941},[56,27587,938],{"class":937},[56,27589,8797],{"class":66},[56,27591,27592],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,27593,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,27595,27596,27598,27600,27602,27604,27606,27608,27610,27612,27614,27617,27619,27621],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,27597,63],{"class":62},[56,27599,67],{"class":66},[56,27601,8692],{"class":237},[56,27603,497],{"class":66},[56,27605,25746],{"class":237},[56,27607,67],{"class":66},[56,27609,1077],{"class":79},[56,27611,1080],{"class":66},[56,27613,1448],{"class":937},[56,27615,27616],{"class":941},"not found",[56,27618,938],{"class":937},[56,27620,4836],{"class":66},[56,27622,27623],{"class":3123},"    # not found\n",[56,27625,27626,27628,27630,27632,27634,27636,27638,27640,27642,27644,27646,27648,27650,27652,27654],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,27627,63],{"class":62},[56,27629,67],{"class":66},[56,27631,8692],{"class":237},[56,27633,497],{"class":66},[56,27635,25746],{"class":237},[56,27637,67],{"class":66},[56,27639,938],{"class":937},[56,27641,1077],{"class":941},[56,27643,938],{"class":937},[56,27645,1080],{"class":66},[56,27647,1448],{"class":937},[56,27649,27616],{"class":941},[56,27651,938],{"class":937},[56,27653,4836],{"class":66},[56,27655,27656],{"class":3123},"  # one\n",[14,27658,27659,3862,27661,27663],{},[18,27660,1077],{},[18,27662,27557],{}," are different keys.",[42,27665,8359],{"id":8358},[14,27667,8362,27668,27670],{},[18,27669,12258],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[47,27672,27674],{"className":49,"code":27673,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[18,27675,27676,27686,27700,27718,27748],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,27677,27678,27680,27682,27684],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,27679,63],{"class":62},[56,27681,67],{"class":66},[56,27683,10942],{"class":237},[56,27685,241],{"class":66},[56,27687,27688,27690,27692,27694,27696,27698],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,27689,63],{"class":62},[56,27691,67],{"class":66},[56,27693,10942],{"class":237},[56,27695,497],{"class":66},[56,27697,16423],{"class":237},[56,27699,6674],{"class":66},[56,27701,27702,27704,27706,27708,27710,27712,27714,27716],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,27703,63],{"class":62},[56,27705,67],{"class":66},[56,27707,1394],{"class":937},[56,27709,7149],{"class":941},[56,27711,1394],{"class":937},[56,27713,20676],{"class":3341},[56,27715,11260],{"class":237},[56,27717,241],{"class":66},[56,27719,27720,27722,27724,27726,27728,27730,27732,27734,27736,27738,27740,27742,27744,27746],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,27721,63],{"class":62},[56,27723,67],{"class":66},[56,27725,10942],{"class":237},[56,27727,497],{"class":66},[56,27729,25746],{"class":237},[56,27731,67],{"class":66},[56,27733,1394],{"class":937},[56,27735,7149],{"class":941},[56,27737,1394],{"class":937},[56,27739,1080],{"class":66},[56,27741,1389],{"class":937},[56,27743,26278],{"class":941},[56,27745,1394],{"class":937},[56,27747,83],{"class":66},[56,27749,27750,27752,27754,27756,27758,27760],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,27751,63],{"class":62},[56,27753,67],{"class":66},[56,27755,1314],{"class":989},[56,27757,67],{"class":66},[56,27759,10942],{"class":237},[56,27761,83],{"class":66},[14,27763,20839],{},[26,27765,27766,27771,27776,27781,27787],{},[29,27767,27768,27770],{},[18,27769,12174],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[29,27772,27773,27775],{},[18,27774,20851],{}," shows all available keys",[29,27777,27778,27780],{},[18,27779,20857],{}," checks whether a key exists",[29,27782,27783,27786],{},[18,27784,27785],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[29,27788,27789,27791],{},[18,27790,12180],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[14,27793,27794,27795,497],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[372,27796,8880],{"href":8879},[42,27798,1553],{"id":1552},[615,27800,27802,27803,27805],{"id":27801},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[18,27804,12258],{}," return the key or the value?",[14,27807,27808],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[615,27810,27812],{"id":27811},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[14,27814,27815,26043,27817,27819,27820,27822],{},[18,27816,25842],{},[18,27818,19189],{},". ",[18,27821,25846],{}," returns the default value instead.",[615,27824,12199,27826,14394],{"id":27825},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,27827,12258],{},[14,27829,27830],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[615,27832,27834,27835,27837],{"id":27833},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[18,27836,12258],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[14,27839,27840,27841,27843,27844,497],{},"Not with ",[18,27842,12064],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[372,27845,27846],{"href":12075},[18,27847,12265],{},[615,27849,4653,27851,3862,27853,571],{"id":27850},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[18,27852,10230],{},[18,27854,12258],{},[14,27856,27857,27859,27860,27862],{},[18,27858,10230],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[18,27861,12258],{}," reads and removes it.",[42,27864,1601],{"id":1600},[26,27866,27867,27873,27880,27884,27888,27892],{},[29,27868,27869],{},[372,27870,27871],{"href":10226},[18,27872,19170],{},[29,27874,27875],{},[372,27876,27877],{"href":12075},[18,27878,27879],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[29,27881,27882],{},[372,27883,12282],{"href":12068},[29,27885,27886],{},[372,27887,20960],{"href":16096},[29,27889,27890],{},[372,27891,10754],{"href":10565},[29,27893,27894],{},[372,27895,27897],{"href":27896},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1633,27899,27900],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":27902},[27903,27904,27906,27907,27908,27910,27917,27924,27934,27935,27936,27947],{"id":3064,"depth":86,"text":3065},{"id":25853,"depth":86,"text":27905},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":16918,"depth":86,"text":16919},{"id":26338,"depth":86,"text":27909},"When to use pop()",{"id":26525,"depth":86,"text":27911,"children":27912},"pop() vs del",[27913,27915],{"id":26540,"depth":102,"text":27914},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26643,"depth":102,"text":27916},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":26746,"depth":86,"text":27918,"children":27919},"How to avoid KeyError",[27920,27921,27922],{"id":26755,"depth":102,"text":26756},{"id":26851,"depth":102,"text":26852},{"id":26959,"depth":102,"text":27923},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":3987,"depth":86,"text":3988,"children":27925},[27926,27928,27930,27932],{"id":27069,"depth":102,"text":27927},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27202,"depth":102,"text":27929},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27307,"depth":102,"text":27931},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27424,"depth":102,"text":27933},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27525,"depth":86,"text":27526},{"id":8358,"depth":86,"text":8359},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":27937},[27938,27940,27941,27943,27945],{"id":27801,"depth":102,"text":27939},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":27811,"depth":102,"text":27812},{"id":27825,"depth":102,"text":27942},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":27833,"depth":102,"text":27944},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":27850,"depth":102,"text":27946},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25674,"description":27948},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":27955,"title":27879,"body":27956,"description":29896,"extension":1665,"meta":29897,"navigation":316,"path":29898,"seo":29899,"stem":29900,"__hash__":29901},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":27957,"toc":29860},[27958,27963,27968,27971,27979,27989,27991,28080,28084,28133,28138,28143,28147,28163,28166,28168,28183,28185,28201,28208,28212,28218,28227,28229,28298,28302,28323,28326,28345,28348,28371,28373,28376,28491,28495,28554,28561,28565,28571,28696,28700,28750,28753,28757,28764,28766,28829,28833,28854,28857,28866,28881,28889,28896,28900,28912,28916,28927,28929,29075,29079,29138,29145,29150,29154,29160,29183,29188,29207,29211,29282,29289,29362,29371,29376,29381,29392,29395,29532,29537,29569,29574,29576,29580,29640,29643,29700,29703,29746,29748,29753,29759,29765,29768,29775,29783,29788,29791,29798,29806,29808,29857],[10,27959,10810,27961,10814],{"id":27960},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[18,27962,12265],{},[14,27964,16,27965,27967],{},[18,27966,12265],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[14,27969,27970],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[26,27972,27973,27976],{},[29,27974,27975],{},"remove an item",[29,27977,27978],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[14,27980,27981,27982,27984,27985,27988],{},"In modern Python, ",[18,27983,12265],{}," removes the ",[3205,27986,27987],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[42,27990,45],{"id":44},[47,27992,27994],{"className":49,"code":27993,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[18,27995,27996,28040,28056,28060,28070],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,27997,27998,28000,28002,28004,28006,28008,28010,28012,28014,28016,28018,28020,28022,28024,28026,28028,28030,28032,28034,28036,28038],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,27999,8653],{"class":284},[56,28001,288],{"class":75},[56,28003,9980],{"class":66},[56,28005,938],{"class":937},[56,28007,372],{"class":941},[56,28009,938],{"class":937},[56,28011,971],{"class":66},[56,28013,4973],{"class":79},[56,28015,1080],{"class":66},[56,28017,1448],{"class":937},[56,28019,4232],{"class":941},[56,28021,938],{"class":937},[56,28023,971],{"class":66},[56,28025,1083],{"class":79},[56,28027,1080],{"class":66},[56,28029,1448],{"class":937},[56,28031,9228],{"class":941},[56,28033,938],{"class":937},[56,28035,971],{"class":66},[56,28037,529],{"class":79},[56,28039,8797],{"class":66},[56,28041,28042,28045,28047,28049,28051,28054],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,28043,28044],{"class":284},"item ",[56,28046,288],{"class":75},[56,28048,14064],{"class":284},[56,28050,497],{"class":66},[56,28052,28053],{"class":237},"popitem",[56,28055,8129],{"class":66},[56,28057,28058],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,28059,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,28061,28062,28064,28066,28068],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,28063,63],{"class":62},[56,28065,67],{"class":66},[56,28067,22814],{"class":237},[56,28069,241],{"class":66},[56,28071,28072,28074,28076,28078],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,28073,63],{"class":62},[56,28075,67],{"class":66},[56,28077,8692],{"class":237},[56,28079,241],{"class":66},[14,28081,28082],{},[3205,28083,130],{},[47,28085,28087],{"className":49,"code":28086,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[18,28088,28089,28105],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28090,28091,28093,28095,28097,28099,28101,28103],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28092,67],{"class":66},[56,28094,1394],{"class":937},[56,28096,9228],{"class":941},[56,28098,1394],{"class":937},[56,28100,1080],{"class":66},[56,28102,529],{"class":79},[56,28104,241],{"class":66},[56,28106,28107,28109,28111,28113,28115,28117,28119,28121,28123,28125,28127,28129,28131],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,28108,8766],{"class":66},[56,28110,1394],{"class":937},[56,28112,372],{"class":941},[56,28114,1394],{"class":937},[56,28116,971],{"class":66},[56,28118,4973],{"class":79},[56,28120,1080],{"class":66},[56,28122,1389],{"class":937},[56,28124,4232],{"class":941},[56,28126,1394],{"class":937},[56,28128,971],{"class":66},[56,28130,1083],{"class":79},[56,28132,8797],{"class":66},[14,28134,28135,28137],{},[18,28136,12265],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[42,28139,3138,28141,3141],{"id":28140},"what-popitem-does",[18,28142,12265],{},[14,28144,28145,971],{},[18,28146,12265],{},[26,28148,28149,28152,28157,28160],{},[29,28150,28151],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[29,28153,28154,28155],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[18,28156,21158],{},[29,28158,28159],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[29,28161,28162],{},"changes the original dictionary",[14,28164,28165],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[42,28167,220],{"id":219},[47,28169,28171],{"className":49,"code":28170,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[18,28172,28173],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28174,28175,28177,28179,28181],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28176,15103],{"class":284},[56,28178,497],{"class":66},[56,28180,28053],{"class":237},[56,28182,8129],{"class":66},[14,28184,10951],{},[26,28186,28187,28195,28198],{},[29,28188,28189,28191,28192],{},[18,28190,12265],{}," takes ",[3205,28193,28194],{},"no arguments",[29,28196,28197],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[29,28199,28200],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[14,28202,28203,28204,6110],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[372,28205,28206],{"href":12061},[18,28207,12258],{},[42,28209,28211],{"id":28210},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[14,28213,28214,28215,28217],{},"The value returned by ",[18,28216,12265],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28219,28220,28221,28224],"ol",{},[29,28222,28223],{},"the key",[29,28225,28226],{},"the value",[14,28228,274],{},[47,28230,28232],{"className":49,"code":28231,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,28233,28234,28270,28284,28288],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28235,28236,28238,28240,28242,28244,28246,28248,28250,28252,28254,28256,28258,28260,28262,28264,28266,28268],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28237,12701],{"class":284},[56,28239,288],{"class":75},[56,28241,9980],{"class":66},[56,28243,938],{"class":937},[56,28245,7149],{"class":941},[56,28247,938],{"class":937},[56,28249,971],{"class":66},[56,28251,1448],{"class":937},[56,28253,4476],{"class":941},[56,28255,938],{"class":937},[56,28257,1080],{"class":66},[56,28259,1448],{"class":937},[56,28261,8787],{"class":941},[56,28263,938],{"class":937},[56,28265,971],{"class":66},[56,28267,8794],{"class":79},[56,28269,8797],{"class":66},[56,28271,28272,28274,28276,28278,28280,28282],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,28273,299],{"class":284},[56,28275,288],{"class":75},[56,28277,12744],{"class":284},[56,28279,497],{"class":66},[56,28281,28053],{"class":237},[56,28283,8129],{"class":66},[56,28285,28286],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,28287,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,28289,28290,28292,28294,28296],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,28291,63],{"class":62},[56,28293,67],{"class":66},[56,28295,338],{"class":237},[56,28297,241],{"class":66},[14,28299,28300],{},[3205,28301,130],{},[47,28303,28305],{"className":49,"code":28304,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('age', 25)\n",[18,28306,28307],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28308,28309,28311,28313,28315,28317,28319,28321],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28310,67],{"class":66},[56,28312,1394],{"class":937},[56,28314,8787],{"class":941},[56,28316,1394],{"class":937},[56,28318,1080],{"class":66},[56,28320,8794],{"class":79},[56,28322,241],{"class":66},[14,28324,28325],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[47,28327,28329],{"className":49,"code":28328,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = person.popitem()\n",[18,28330,28331],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28332,28333,28335,28337,28339,28341,28343],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28334,299],{"class":284},[56,28336,288],{"class":75},[56,28338,12744],{"class":284},[56,28340,497],{"class":66},[56,28342,28053],{"class":237},[56,28344,8129],{"class":66},[14,28346,28347],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[47,28349,28351],{"className":49,"code":28350,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[18,28352,28353],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28354,28355,28357,28359,28361,28363,28365,28367,28369],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28356,14339],{"class":284},[56,28358,1080],{"class":66},[56,28360,21087],{"class":284},[56,28362,288],{"class":75},[56,28364,12744],{"class":284},[56,28366,497],{"class":66},[56,28368,28053],{"class":237},[56,28370,8129],{"class":66},[42,28372,10968],{"id":10967},[14,28374,28375],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[47,28377,28379],{"className":49,"code":28378,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[18,28380,28381,28429,28433,28448,28452,28472],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28382,28383,28385,28387,28389,28391,28394,28396,28398,28400,28402,28404,28406,28408,28410,28413,28415,28417,28420,28422,28424,28427],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28384,4536],{"class":284},[56,28386,288],{"class":75},[56,28388,9980],{"class":66},[56,28390,938],{"class":937},[56,28392,28393],{"class":941},"Tom",[56,28395,938],{"class":937},[56,28397,971],{"class":66},[56,28399,4548],{"class":79},[56,28401,1080],{"class":66},[56,28403,1448],{"class":937},[56,28405,12376],{"class":941},[56,28407,938],{"class":937},[56,28409,971],{"class":66},[56,28411,28412],{"class":79}," 95",[56,28414,1080],{"class":66},[56,28416,1448],{"class":937},[56,28418,28419],{"class":941},"Leo",[56,28421,938],{"class":937},[56,28423,971],{"class":66},[56,28425,28426],{"class":79}," 88",[56,28428,8797],{"class":66},[56,28430,28431],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,28432,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,28434,28435,28438,28440,28442,28444,28446],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,28436,28437],{"class":284},"removed_pair ",[56,28439,288],{"class":75},[56,28441,4583],{"class":284},[56,28443,497],{"class":66},[56,28445,28053],{"class":237},[56,28447,8129],{"class":66},[56,28449,28450],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,28451,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,28453,28454,28456,28458,28460,28463,28465,28467,28470],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,28455,63],{"class":62},[56,28457,67],{"class":66},[56,28459,938],{"class":937},[56,28461,28462],{"class":941},"Removed:",[56,28464,938],{"class":937},[56,28466,1080],{"class":66},[56,28468,28469],{"class":237}," removed_pair",[56,28471,241],{"class":66},[56,28473,28474,28476,28478,28480,28483,28485,28487,28489],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,28475,63],{"class":62},[56,28477,67],{"class":66},[56,28479,938],{"class":937},[56,28481,28482],{"class":941},"After removal:",[56,28484,938],{"class":937},[56,28486,1080],{"class":66},[56,28488,4583],{"class":237},[56,28490,241],{"class":66},[14,28492,28493],{},[3205,28494,130],{},[47,28496,28498],{"className":49,"code":28497,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[18,28499,28500,28521],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28501,28502,28505,28507,28509,28511,28513,28515,28517,28519],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28503,28504],{"class":284},"Removed",[56,28506,971],{"class":66},[56,28508,8724],{"class":66},[56,28510,1394],{"class":937},[56,28512,28419],{"class":941},[56,28514,1394],{"class":937},[56,28516,1080],{"class":66},[56,28518,28426],{"class":79},[56,28520,241],{"class":66},[56,28522,28523,28526,28528,28530,28532,28534,28536,28538,28540,28542,28544,28546,28548,28550,28552],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,28524,28525],{"class":284},"After removal",[56,28527,971],{"class":66},[56,28529,9980],{"class":66},[56,28531,1394],{"class":937},[56,28533,28393],{"class":941},[56,28535,1394],{"class":937},[56,28537,971],{"class":66},[56,28539,4548],{"class":79},[56,28541,1080],{"class":66},[56,28543,1389],{"class":937},[56,28545,12376],{"class":941},[56,28547,1394],{"class":937},[56,28549,971],{"class":66},[56,28551,28412],{"class":79},[56,28553,8797],{"class":66},[14,28555,28556,28557,28560],{},"The last inserted item was ",[18,28558,28559],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[42,28562,28564],{"id":28563},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[14,28566,28567,28568,28570],{},"Because ",[18,28569,12265],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[47,28572,28574],{"className":49,"code":28573,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[18,28575,28576,28612,28616,28635,28639,28658,28677],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28577,28578,28580,28582,28584,28586,28588,28590,28592,28594,28596,28598,28600,28602,28604,28606,28608,28610],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28579,14946],{"class":284},[56,28581,288],{"class":75},[56,28583,9980],{"class":66},[56,28585,938],{"class":937},[56,28587,14957],{"class":941},[56,28589,938],{"class":937},[56,28591,971],{"class":66},[56,28593,1448],{"class":937},[56,28595,14966],{"class":941},[56,28597,938],{"class":937},[56,28599,1080],{"class":66},[56,28601,1448],{"class":937},[56,28603,14977],{"class":941},[56,28605,938],{"class":937},[56,28607,971],{"class":66},[56,28609,26412],{"class":79},[56,28611,8797],{"class":66},[56,28613,28614],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,28615,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,28617,28618,28620,28622,28624,28626,28629,28631,28633],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,28619,14339],{"class":284},[56,28621,1080],{"class":66},[56,28623,21087],{"class":284},[56,28625,288],{"class":75},[56,28627,28628],{"class":284}," book",[56,28630,497],{"class":66},[56,28632,28053],{"class":237},[56,28634,8129],{"class":66},[56,28636,28637],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,28638,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,28640,28641,28643,28645,28647,28650,28652,28654,28656],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,28642,63],{"class":62},[56,28644,67],{"class":66},[56,28646,938],{"class":937},[56,28648,28649],{"class":941},"Key:",[56,28651,938],{"class":937},[56,28653,1080],{"class":66},[56,28655,21082],{"class":237},[56,28657,241],{"class":66},[56,28659,28660,28662,28664,28666,28669,28671,28673,28675],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,28661,63],{"class":62},[56,28663,67],{"class":66},[56,28665,938],{"class":937},[56,28667,28668],{"class":941},"Value:",[56,28670,938],{"class":937},[56,28672,1080],{"class":66},[56,28674,7918],{"class":237},[56,28676,241],{"class":66},[56,28678,28679,28681,28683,28685,28688,28690,28692,28694],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,28680,63],{"class":62},[56,28682,67],{"class":66},[56,28684,938],{"class":937},[56,28686,28687],{"class":941},"Dictionary:",[56,28689,938],{"class":937},[56,28691,1080],{"class":66},[56,28693,28628],{"class":237},[56,28695,241],{"class":66},[14,28697,28698],{},[3205,28699,130],{},[47,28701,28703],{"className":49,"code":28702,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[18,28704,28705,28715,28725],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28706,28707,28710,28712],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28708,28709],{"class":284},"Key",[56,28711,971],{"class":66},[56,28713,28714],{"class":284}," pages\n",[56,28716,28717,28720,28722],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,28718,28719],{"class":284},"Value",[56,28721,971],{"class":66},[56,28723,28724],{"class":79}," 200\n",[56,28726,28727,28730,28732,28734,28736,28738,28740,28742,28744,28746,28748],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,28728,28729],{"class":284},"Dictionary",[56,28731,971],{"class":66},[56,28733,9980],{"class":66},[56,28735,1394],{"class":937},[56,28737,14957],{"class":941},[56,28739,1394],{"class":937},[56,28741,971],{"class":66},[56,28743,1389],{"class":937},[56,28745,14966],{"class":941},[56,28747,1394],{"class":937},[56,28749,8797],{"class":66},[14,28751,28752],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[42,28754,28756],{"id":28755},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[14,28758,28759,28760,27984,28762,497],{},"In current Python versions, ",[18,28761,12265],{},[3205,28763,27987],{},[14,28765,274],{},[47,28767,28769],{"className":49,"code":28768,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[18,28770,28771,28815],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28772,28773,28775,28777,28779,28781,28783,28785,28787,28789,28791,28793,28795,28797,28799,28801,28803,28805,28807,28809,28811,28813],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28774,8653],{"class":284},[56,28776,288],{"class":75},[56,28778,9980],{"class":66},[56,28780,938],{"class":937},[56,28782,238],{"class":941},[56,28784,938],{"class":937},[56,28786,971],{"class":66},[56,28788,4973],{"class":79},[56,28790,1080],{"class":66},[56,28792,1448],{"class":937},[56,28794,11239],{"class":941},[56,28796,938],{"class":937},[56,28798,971],{"class":66},[56,28800,1083],{"class":79},[56,28802,1080],{"class":66},[56,28804,1448],{"class":937},[56,28806,21580],{"class":941},[56,28808,938],{"class":937},[56,28810,971],{"class":66},[56,28812,529],{"class":79},[56,28814,8797],{"class":66},[56,28816,28817,28819,28821,28823,28825,28827],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,28818,63],{"class":62},[56,28820,67],{"class":66},[56,28822,8692],{"class":237},[56,28824,497],{"class":66},[56,28826,28053],{"class":237},[56,28828,6674],{"class":66},[14,28830,28831],{},[3205,28832,130],{},[47,28834,28836],{"className":49,"code":28835,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('z', 3)\n",[18,28837,28838],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28839,28840,28842,28844,28846,28848,28850,28852],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28841,67],{"class":66},[56,28843,1394],{"class":937},[56,28845,21580],{"class":941},[56,28847,1394],{"class":937},[56,28849,1080],{"class":66},[56,28851,529],{"class":79},[56,28853,241],{"class":66},[14,28855,28856],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[14,28858,28859,28860,28862,28863,28865],{},"As a beginner, do ",[3205,28861,4101],{}," think of ",[18,28864,12265],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[14,28867,28868,28869,255,28873,16572,28877,497],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[372,28870,28871],{"href":16575},[18,28872,16578],{},[372,28874,28875],{"href":16562},[18,28876,16565],{},[372,28878,28879],{"href":16568},[18,28880,16571],{},[42,28882,28884,28885,3862,28887],{"id":28883},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[18,28886,12265],{},[18,28888,12258],{},[14,28890,28891,3862,28893,28895],{},[18,28892,12265],{},[18,28894,12258],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[615,28897,28898],{"id":28053},[18,28899,12265],{},[26,28901,28902,28905,28908],{},[29,28903,28904],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[29,28906,28907],{},"does not need a key argument",[29,28909,3153,28910],{},[18,28911,21158],{},[615,28913,28914],{"id":25746},[18,28915,12258],{},[26,28917,28918,28921,28924],{},[29,28919,28920],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[29,28922,28923],{},"needs the key name",[29,28925,28926],{},"returns only the value",[14,28928,274],{},[47,28930,28932],{"className":49,"code":28931,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,28933,28934,28978,28982,28996,29016,29020,29042,29061,29065],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,28935,28936,28938,28940,28942,28944,28946,28948,28950,28952,28954,28956,28958,28960,28962,28964,28966,28968,28970,28972,28974,28976],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,28937,8653],{"class":284},[56,28939,288],{"class":75},[56,28941,9980],{"class":66},[56,28943,938],{"class":937},[56,28945,372],{"class":941},[56,28947,938],{"class":937},[56,28949,971],{"class":66},[56,28951,4973],{"class":79},[56,28953,1080],{"class":66},[56,28955,1448],{"class":937},[56,28957,4232],{"class":941},[56,28959,938],{"class":937},[56,28961,971],{"class":66},[56,28963,1083],{"class":79},[56,28965,1080],{"class":66},[56,28967,1448],{"class":937},[56,28969,9228],{"class":941},[56,28971,938],{"class":937},[56,28973,971],{"class":66},[56,28975,529],{"class":79},[56,28977,8797],{"class":66},[56,28979,28980],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,28981,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,28983,28984,28986,28988,28990,28992,28994],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,28985,28044],{"class":284},[56,28987,288],{"class":75},[56,28989,14064],{"class":284},[56,28991,497],{"class":66},[56,28993,28053],{"class":237},[56,28995,8129],{"class":66},[56,28997,28998,29000,29002,29004,29007,29009,29011,29014],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,28999,63],{"class":62},[56,29001,67],{"class":66},[56,29003,938],{"class":937},[56,29005,29006],{"class":941},"popitem():",[56,29008,938],{"class":937},[56,29010,1080],{"class":66},[56,29012,29013],{"class":237}," item",[56,29015,241],{"class":66},[56,29017,29018],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,29019,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,29021,29022,29024,29026,29028,29030,29032,29034,29036,29038,29040],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,29023,524],{"class":284},[56,29025,288],{"class":75},[56,29027,14064],{"class":284},[56,29029,497],{"class":66},[56,29031,25746],{"class":237},[56,29033,67],{"class":66},[56,29035,938],{"class":937},[56,29037,372],{"class":941},[56,29039,938],{"class":937},[56,29041,241],{"class":66},[56,29043,29044,29046,29048,29050,29053,29055,29057,29059],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,29045,63],{"class":62},[56,29047,67],{"class":66},[56,29049,938],{"class":937},[56,29051,29052],{"class":941},"pop('a'):",[56,29054,938],{"class":937},[56,29056,1080],{"class":66},[56,29058,7918],{"class":237},[56,29060,241],{"class":66},[56,29062,29063],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,29064,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,29066,29067,29069,29071,29073],{"class":58,"line":5910},[56,29068,63],{"class":62},[56,29070,67],{"class":66},[56,29072,8692],{"class":237},[56,29074,241],{"class":66},[14,29076,29077],{},[3205,29078,130],{},[47,29080,29082],{"className":49,"code":29081,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[18,29083,29084,29105,29122],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29085,29086,29088,29091,29093,29095,29097,29099,29101,29103],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29087,28053],{"class":237},[56,29089,29090],{"class":66},"():",[56,29092,8724],{"class":66},[56,29094,1394],{"class":937},[56,29096,9228],{"class":941},[56,29098,1394],{"class":937},[56,29100,1080],{"class":66},[56,29102,529],{"class":79},[56,29104,241],{"class":66},[56,29106,29107,29109,29111,29113,29115,29117,29119],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,29108,25746],{"class":237},[56,29110,67],{"class":66},[56,29112,1394],{"class":937},[56,29114,372],{"class":941},[56,29116,1394],{"class":937},[56,29118,15951],{"class":66},[56,29120,29121],{"class":79}," 1\n",[56,29123,29124,29126,29128,29130,29132,29134,29136],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,29125,8766],{"class":66},[56,29127,1394],{"class":937},[56,29129,4232],{"class":941},[56,29131,1394],{"class":937},[56,29133,971],{"class":66},[56,29135,1083],{"class":79},[56,29137,8797],{"class":66},[14,29139,153,29140,29144],{},[372,29141,29142],{"href":12061},[18,29143,12258],{}," when you know the key.",[14,29146,153,29147,29149],{},[18,29148,12265],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[42,29151,29153],{"id":29152},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[14,29155,29156,29157,29159],{},"Calling ",[18,29158,12265],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[47,29161,29163],{"className":49,"code":29162,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[18,29164,29165,29173],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29166,29167,29169,29171],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29168,8653],{"class":284},[56,29170,288],{"class":75},[56,29172,9327],{"class":66},[56,29174,29175,29177,29179,29181],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,29176,8692],{"class":284},[56,29178,497],{"class":66},[56,29180,28053],{"class":237},[56,29182,8129],{"class":66},[14,29184,29185],{},[3205,29186,29187],{},"Error:",[47,29189,29191],{"className":49,"code":29190,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[18,29192,29193],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29194,29195,29197,29199,29201,29204],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29196,19189],{"class":989},[56,29198,971],{"class":66},[56,29200,1389],{"class":937},[56,29202,29203],{"class":941},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[56,29205,29206],{"class":937},"'\n",[615,29208,29210],{"id":29209},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[47,29212,29214],{"className":49,"code":29213,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[18,29215,29216,29224,29228,29236,29251,29261,29267],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29217,29218,29220,29222],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29219,8653],{"class":284},[56,29221,288],{"class":75},[56,29223,9327],{"class":66},[56,29225,29226],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,29227,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,29229,29230,29232,29234],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,29231,6477],{"class":3341},[56,29233,14064],{"class":284},[56,29235,5871],{"class":66},[56,29237,29238,29241,29243,29245,29247,29249],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,29239,29240],{"class":284},"    item ",[56,29242,288],{"class":75},[56,29244,14064],{"class":284},[56,29246,497],{"class":66},[56,29248,28053],{"class":237},[56,29250,8129],{"class":66},[56,29252,29253,29255,29257,29259],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,29254,7552],{"class":62},[56,29256,67],{"class":66},[56,29258,22814],{"class":237},[56,29260,241],{"class":66},[56,29262,29263,29265],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,29264,26939],{"class":3341},[56,29266,5871],{"class":66},[56,29268,29269,29271,29273,29275,29278,29280],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,29270,7552],{"class":62},[56,29272,67],{"class":66},[56,29274,938],{"class":937},[56,29276,29277],{"class":941},"Dictionary is empty",[56,29279,938],{"class":937},[56,29281,241],{"class":66},[615,29283,29285,29286],{"id":29284},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[18,29287,29288],{},"try-except",[47,29290,29292],{"className":49,"code":29291,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[18,29293,29294,29302,29306,29313,29327,29337,29347],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29295,29296,29298,29300],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29297,8653],{"class":284},[56,29299,288],{"class":75},[56,29301,9327],{"class":66},[56,29303,29304],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,29305,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,29307,29308,29311],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,29309,29310],{"class":3341},"try",[56,29312,5871],{"class":66},[56,29314,29315,29317,29319,29321,29323,29325],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,29316,29240],{"class":284},[56,29318,288],{"class":75},[56,29320,14064],{"class":284},[56,29322,497],{"class":66},[56,29324,28053],{"class":237},[56,29326,8129],{"class":66},[56,29328,29329,29331,29333,29335],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,29330,7552],{"class":62},[56,29332,67],{"class":66},[56,29334,22814],{"class":237},[56,29336,241],{"class":66},[56,29338,29339,29342,29345],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,29340,29341],{"class":3341},"except",[56,29343,29344],{"class":989}," KeyError",[56,29346,5871],{"class":66},[56,29348,29349,29351,29353,29355,29358,29360],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,29350,7552],{"class":62},[56,29352,67],{"class":66},[56,29354,938],{"class":937},[56,29356,29357],{"class":941},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[56,29359,938],{"class":937},[56,29361,241],{"class":66},[14,29363,29364,29365,497],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[372,29366,25184,29368],{"href":29367},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[18,29369,29370],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[42,29372,4433,29374],{"id":29373},"when-to-use-popitem",[18,29375,12265],{},[14,29377,29378,29380],{},[18,29379,12265],{}," is useful when:",[26,29382,29383,29386,29389],{},[29,29384,29385],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[29,29387,29388],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[29,29390,29391],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[14,29393,29394],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[47,29396,29398],{"className":49,"code":29397,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[18,29399,29400,29409,29429,29449,29467,29471,29475,29485,29504],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29401,29402,29405,29407],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29403,29404],{"class":284},"tasks ",[56,29406,288],{"class":75},[56,29408,10986],{"class":66},[56,29410,29411,29413,29416,29418,29420,29422,29425,29427],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,29412,10991],{"class":937},[56,29414,29415],{"class":941},"first",[56,29417,938],{"class":937},[56,29419,971],{"class":66},[56,29421,1448],{"class":937},[56,29423,29424],{"class":941},"wash dishes",[56,29426,938],{"class":937},[56,29428,11007],{"class":66},[56,29430,29431,29433,29436,29438,29440,29442,29445,29447],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,29432,10991],{"class":937},[56,29434,29435],{"class":941},"second",[56,29437,938],{"class":937},[56,29439,971],{"class":66},[56,29441,1448],{"class":937},[56,29443,29444],{"class":941},"do homework",[56,29446,938],{"class":937},[56,29448,11007],{"class":66},[56,29450,29451,29453,29456,29458,29460,29462,29465],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,29452,10991],{"class":937},[56,29454,29455],{"class":941},"third",[56,29457,938],{"class":937},[56,29459,971],{"class":66},[56,29461,1448],{"class":937},[56,29463,29464],{"class":941},"read book",[56,29466,1454],{"class":937},[56,29468,29469],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,29470,8797],{"class":66},[56,29472,29473],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,29474,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,29476,29477,29480,29483],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,29478,29479],{"class":3341},"while",[56,29481,29482],{"class":284}," tasks",[56,29484,5871],{"class":66},[56,29486,29487,29490,29492,29494,29496,29498,29500,29502],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,29488,29489],{"class":284},"    key",[56,29491,1080],{"class":66},[56,29493,21087],{"class":284},[56,29495,288],{"class":75},[56,29497,29482],{"class":284},[56,29499,497],{"class":66},[56,29501,28053],{"class":237},[56,29503,8129],{"class":66},[56,29505,29506,29508,29510,29512,29514,29516,29518,29520,29522,29524,29526,29528,29530],{"class":58,"line":5910},[56,29507,7552],{"class":62},[56,29509,67],{"class":66},[56,29511,21797],{"class":124},[56,29513,938],{"class":941},[56,29515,8766],{"class":79},[56,29517,14339],{"class":237},[56,29519,21806],{"class":79},[56,29521,21809],{"class":941},[56,29523,8766],{"class":79},[56,29525,551],{"class":237},[56,29527,21806],{"class":79},[56,29529,938],{"class":941},[56,29531,241],{"class":66},[14,29533,29534],{},[3205,29535,29536],{},"Possible output:",[47,29538,29540],{"className":49,"code":29539,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[18,29541,29542,29551,29560],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29543,29544,29546,29548],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29545,29455],{"class":284},[56,29547,971],{"class":66},[56,29549,29550],{"class":284}," read book\n",[56,29552,29553,29555,29557],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,29554,29435],{"class":284},[56,29556,971],{"class":66},[56,29558,29559],{"class":284}," do homework\n",[56,29561,29562,29564,29566],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,29563,29415],{"class":284},[56,29565,971],{"class":66},[56,29567,29568],{"class":284}," wash dishes\n",[14,29570,28567,29571,29573],{},[18,29572,12265],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[42,29575,912],{"id":911},[14,29577,14231,29578,971],{},[18,29579,12265],{},[26,29581,29582,29596,29615,29626],{},[29,29583,29584,29589],{},[3205,29585,29156,29586,29588],{},[18,29587,12265],{}," on an empty dictionary",[26,29590,29591],{},[29,29592,29593,29594,497],{},"This raises ",[18,29595,19189],{},[29,29597,29598,29603],{},[3205,29599,7938,29600,29602],{},[18,29601,12265],{}," to remove a specific key",[26,29604,29605,29608],{},[29,29606,29607],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[29,29609,153,29610,29614],{},[372,29611,29612],{"href":12061},[18,29613,12258],{}," if you need that.",[29,29616,29617,29621],{},[3205,29618,4175,29619,27205],{},[18,29620,12265],{},[26,29622,29623],{},[29,29624,29625],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[29,29627,29628,29631],{},[3205,29629,29630],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[26,29632,29633],{},[29,29634,29635,21478,29637,29639],{},[18,29636,12265],{},[18,29638,21158],{}," tuple.",[14,29641,29642],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[47,29644,29646],{"className":49,"code":29645,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[18,29647,29648,29658,29672,29676,29690],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29649,29650,29652,29654,29656],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29651,63],{"class":62},[56,29653,67],{"class":66},[56,29655,10942],{"class":237},[56,29657,241],{"class":66},[56,29659,29660,29662,29664,29666,29668,29670],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,29661,63],{"class":62},[56,29663,67],{"class":66},[56,29665,10653],{"class":62},[56,29667,67],{"class":66},[56,29669,10942],{"class":237},[56,29671,83],{"class":66},[56,29673,29674],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,29675,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,29677,29678,29680,29682,29684,29686,29688],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,29679,28044],{"class":284},[56,29681,288],{"class":75},[56,29683,11260],{"class":284},[56,29685,497],{"class":66},[56,29687,28053],{"class":237},[56,29689,8129],{"class":66},[56,29691,29692,29694,29696,29698],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,29693,63],{"class":62},[56,29695,67],{"class":66},[56,29697,22814],{"class":237},[56,29699,241],{"class":66},[14,29701,29702],{},"Or with unpacking:",[47,29704,29706],{"className":49,"code":29705,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[18,29707,29708,29726,29736],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29709,29710,29712,29714,29716,29718,29720,29722,29724],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29711,14339],{"class":284},[56,29713,1080],{"class":66},[56,29715,21087],{"class":284},[56,29717,288],{"class":75},[56,29719,11260],{"class":284},[56,29721,497],{"class":66},[56,29723,28053],{"class":237},[56,29725,8129],{"class":66},[56,29727,29728,29730,29732,29734],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,29729,63],{"class":62},[56,29731,67],{"class":66},[56,29733,14339],{"class":237},[56,29735,241],{"class":66},[56,29737,29738,29740,29742,29744],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,29739,63],{"class":62},[56,29741,67],{"class":66},[56,29743,551],{"class":237},[56,29745,241],{"class":66},[42,29747,1553],{"id":1552},[615,29749,4615,29751,4618],{"id":29750},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[18,29752,12265],{},[14,29754,29755,29756,497],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[18,29757,29758],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[615,29760,12199,29762,29764],{"id":29761},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[18,29763,12265],{}," remove the last item?",[14,29766,29767],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[615,29769,29771,29772,29774],{"id":29770},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[18,29773,12265],{}," removes?",[14,29776,29777,29778,29782],{},"No. Use ",[372,29779,29780],{"href":12061},[18,29781,12258],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[615,29784,12199,29786,14394],{"id":29785},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[18,29787,12265],{},[14,29789,29790],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[615,29792,29794,29795,29797],{"id":29793},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[18,29796,12265],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[14,29799,29800,29801,29803,29804,497],{},"It raises ",[18,29802,19189],{}," with the message ",[18,29805,29203],{},[42,29807,1601],{"id":1600},[26,29809,29810,29817,29823,29829,29835,29842,29846,29850],{},[29,29811,29812],{},[372,29813,29814,29816],{"href":12061},[18,29815,12258],{}," method for dictionaries",[29,29818,29819],{},[372,29820,29821,29816],{"href":16575},[18,29822,16578],{},[29,29824,29825],{},[372,29826,29827,29816],{"href":16562},[18,29828,16565],{},[29,29830,29831],{},[372,29832,29833,29816],{"href":16568},[18,29834,16571],{},[29,29836,29837],{},[372,29838,29840,29816],{"href":29839},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[18,29841,10813],{},[29,29843,29844],{},[372,29845,12282],{"href":12068},[29,29847,29848],{},[372,29849,20960],{"href":16096},[29,29851,29852],{},[372,29853,29854,29855],{"href":29367},"Fix ",[18,29856,29370],{},[1633,29858,29859],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":29861},[29862,29863,29865,29866,29867,29868,29869,29870,29875,29880,29882,29883,29895],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":28140,"depth":86,"text":29864},"What popitem() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":28210,"depth":86,"text":28211},{"id":10967,"depth":86,"text":10968},{"id":28563,"depth":86,"text":28564},{"id":28755,"depth":86,"text":28756},{"id":28883,"depth":86,"text":29871,"children":29872},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[29873,29874],{"id":28053,"depth":102,"text":12265},{"id":25746,"depth":102,"text":12258},{"id":29152,"depth":86,"text":29153,"children":29876},[29877,29878],{"id":29209,"depth":102,"text":29210},{"id":29284,"depth":102,"text":29879},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29373,"depth":86,"text":29881},"When to use popitem()",{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":29884},[29885,29887,29889,29891,29893],{"id":29750,"depth":102,"text":29886},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":29761,"depth":102,"text":29888},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":29770,"depth":102,"text":29890},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":29785,"depth":102,"text":29892},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":29793,"depth":102,"text":29894},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":27879,"description":29896},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":29903,"title":29904,"body":29905,"description":31808,"extension":1665,"meta":31809,"navigation":316,"path":13530,"seo":31810,"stem":31811,"__hash__":31812},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":29906,"toc":31780},[29907,29912,29917,29920,29922,30019,30024,30029,30034,30037,30045,30048,30063,30065,30165,30167,30224,30228,30230,30233,30253,30258,30269,30272,30299,30302,30304,30361,30363,30384,30390,30395,30398,30409,30411,30519,30521,30574,30576,30588,30595,30601,30606,30609,30697,30699,30744,30747,30755,30758,30761,30830,30833,30836,30840,30843,30914,30916,30969,30972,30975,30978,30993,30996,31008,31011,31074,31076,31082,31084,31086,31165,31167,31208,31210,31275,31277,31314,31319,31324,31328,31342,31345,31468,31470,31555,31560,31562,31566,31588,31591,31671,31674,31693,31698,31700,31706,31711,31717,31720,31726,31729,31735,31740,31746,31752,31754,31777],[10,29908,10810,29910,10814],{"id":29909},"python-dictionary-update-method",[18,29911,14452],{},[14,29913,16,29914,29916],{},[18,29915,14452],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[14,29918,29919],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[42,29921,45],{"id":44},[47,29923,29925],{"className":49,"code":29924,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,29926,29927,29963,30004,30014],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,29928,29929,29931,29933,29935,29937,29939,29941,29943,29945,29947,29949,29951,29953,29955,29957,29959,29961],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,29930,12701],{"class":284},[56,29932,288],{"class":75},[56,29934,9980],{"class":66},[56,29936,938],{"class":937},[56,29938,7149],{"class":941},[56,29940,938],{"class":937},[56,29942,971],{"class":66},[56,29944,1448],{"class":937},[56,29946,12376],{"class":941},[56,29948,938],{"class":937},[56,29950,1080],{"class":66},[56,29952,1448],{"class":937},[56,29954,8787],{"class":941},[56,29956,938],{"class":937},[56,29958,971],{"class":66},[56,29960,7272],{"class":79},[56,29962,8797],{"class":66},[56,29964,29965,29967,29969,29972,29974,29976,29978,29980,29982,29985,29987,29989,29991,29993,29995,29997,29999,30001],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,29966,16807],{"class":284},[56,29968,497],{"class":66},[56,29970,29971],{"class":237},"update",[56,29973,5005],{"class":66},[56,29975,938],{"class":937},[56,29977,8787],{"class":941},[56,29979,938],{"class":937},[56,29981,971],{"class":66},[56,29983,29984],{"class":79}," 21",[56,29986,1080],{"class":66},[56,29988,1448],{"class":937},[56,29990,9898],{"class":941},[56,29992,938],{"class":937},[56,29994,971],{"class":66},[56,29996,1448],{"class":937},[56,29998,15530],{"class":941},[56,30000,938],{"class":937},[56,30002,30003],{"class":66},"})\n",[56,30005,30006,30008,30010,30012],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,30007,63],{"class":62},[56,30009,67],{"class":66},[56,30011,16807],{"class":237},[56,30013,241],{"class":66},[56,30015,30016],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,30017,30018],{"class":3123},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[14,30020,153,30021,30023],{},[18,30022,14452],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[42,30025,3138,30027,3141],{"id":30026},"what-update-does",[18,30028,14452],{},[14,30030,30031,30033],{},[18,30032,14452],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[14,30035,30036],{},"It can do two main things:",[26,30038,30039,30042],{},[29,30040,30041],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[29,30043,30044],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[14,30046,30047],{},"Important things to know:",[26,30049,30050,30053,30056,30060],{},[29,30051,30052],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[29,30054,30055],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[29,30057,4621,30058],{},[18,30059,3241],{},[29,30061,30062],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[14,30064,274],{},[47,30066,30068],{"className":49,"code":30067,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[18,30069,30070,30112,30155],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30071,30072,30074,30076,30078,30080,30082,30084,30086,30088,30091,30093,30095,30097,30099,30101,30103,30105,30108,30110],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30073,12359],{"class":284},[56,30075,288],{"class":75},[56,30077,9980],{"class":66},[56,30079,938],{"class":937},[56,30081,7149],{"class":941},[56,30083,938],{"class":937},[56,30085,971],{"class":66},[56,30087,1448],{"class":937},[56,30089,30090],{"class":941},"Mira",[56,30092,938],{"class":937},[56,30094,1080],{"class":66},[56,30096,1448],{"class":937},[56,30098,19393],{"class":941},[56,30100,938],{"class":937},[56,30102,971],{"class":66},[56,30104,1448],{"class":937},[56,30106,30107],{"class":941},"B",[56,30109,938],{"class":937},[56,30111,8797],{"class":66},[56,30113,30114,30116,30118,30120,30122,30124,30126,30128,30130,30132,30134,30136,30138,30140,30142,30144,30146,30148,30151,30153],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,30115,13123],{"class":284},[56,30117,497],{"class":66},[56,30119,29971],{"class":237},[56,30121,5005],{"class":66},[56,30123,938],{"class":937},[56,30125,19393],{"class":941},[56,30127,938],{"class":937},[56,30129,971],{"class":66},[56,30131,1448],{"class":937},[56,30133,21748],{"class":941},[56,30135,938],{"class":937},[56,30137,1080],{"class":66},[56,30139,1448],{"class":937},[56,30141,9898],{"class":941},[56,30143,938],{"class":937},[56,30145,971],{"class":66},[56,30147,1448],{"class":937},[56,30149,30150],{"class":941},"Quito",[56,30152,938],{"class":937},[56,30154,30003],{"class":66},[56,30156,30157,30159,30161,30163],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,30158,63],{"class":62},[56,30160,67],{"class":66},[56,30162,13123],{"class":237},[56,30164,241],{"class":66},[14,30166,130],{},[47,30168,30170],{"className":49,"code":30169,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[18,30171,30172],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30173,30174,30176,30178,30180,30182,30184,30186,30188,30190,30192,30194,30196,30198,30200,30202,30204,30206,30208,30210,30212,30214,30216,30218,30220,30222],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30175,8766],{"class":66},[56,30177,1394],{"class":937},[56,30179,7149],{"class":941},[56,30181,1394],{"class":937},[56,30183,971],{"class":66},[56,30185,1389],{"class":937},[56,30187,30090],{"class":941},[56,30189,1394],{"class":937},[56,30191,1080],{"class":66},[56,30193,1389],{"class":937},[56,30195,19393],{"class":941},[56,30197,1394],{"class":937},[56,30199,971],{"class":66},[56,30201,1389],{"class":937},[56,30203,21748],{"class":941},[56,30205,1394],{"class":937},[56,30207,1080],{"class":66},[56,30209,1389],{"class":937},[56,30211,9898],{"class":941},[56,30213,1394],{"class":937},[56,30215,971],{"class":66},[56,30217,1389],{"class":937},[56,30219,30150],{"class":941},[56,30221,1394],{"class":937},[56,30223,8797],{"class":66},[14,30225,8639,30226,497],{},[372,30227,24132],{"href":8879},[42,30229,220],{"id":219},[14,30231,30232],{},"The basic form is:",[47,30234,30236],{"className":49,"code":30235,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[18,30237,30238],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30239,30240,30242,30244,30246,30248,30251],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30241,15103],{"class":284},[56,30243,497],{"class":66},[56,30245,29971],{"class":237},[56,30247,67],{"class":66},[56,30249,30250],{"class":237},"other",[56,30252,241],{"class":66},[14,30254,30255,30257],{},[18,30256,30250],{}," can be:",[26,30259,30260,30263,30266],{},[29,30261,30262],{},"Another dictionary",[29,30264,30265],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[29,30267,30268],{},"Keyword arguments",[14,30270,30271],{},"You can also use:",[47,30273,30275],{"className":49,"code":30274,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[18,30276,30277],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30278,30279,30281,30283,30285,30287,30289,30291,30293,30295,30297],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30280,15103],{"class":284},[56,30282,497],{"class":66},[56,30284,29971],{"class":237},[56,30286,67],{"class":66},[56,30288,7149],{"class":8663},[56,30290,288],{"class":75},[56,30292,938],{"class":937},[56,30294,7158],{"class":941},[56,30296,938],{"class":937},[56,30298,241],{"class":66},[14,30300,30301],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[14,30303,274],{},[47,30305,30307],{"className":49,"code":30306,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[18,30308,30309,30329,30351],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30310,30311,30313,30315,30317,30319,30321,30323,30325,30327],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30312,8653],{"class":284},[56,30314,288],{"class":75},[56,30316,9980],{"class":66},[56,30318,938],{"class":937},[56,30320,372],{"class":941},[56,30322,938],{"class":937},[56,30324,971],{"class":66},[56,30326,4973],{"class":79},[56,30328,8797],{"class":66},[56,30330,30331,30333,30335,30337,30339,30341,30343,30345,30347,30349],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,30332,8692],{"class":284},[56,30334,497],{"class":66},[56,30336,29971],{"class":237},[56,30338,5005],{"class":66},[56,30340,938],{"class":937},[56,30342,372],{"class":941},[56,30344,938],{"class":937},[56,30346,971],{"class":66},[56,30348,5481],{"class":79},[56,30350,30003],{"class":66},[56,30352,30353,30355,30357,30359],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,30354,63],{"class":62},[56,30356,67],{"class":66},[56,30358,8692],{"class":237},[56,30360,241],{"class":66},[14,30362,130],{},[47,30364,30366],{"className":49,"code":30365,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a': 10}\n",[18,30367,30368],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30369,30370,30372,30374,30376,30378,30380,30382],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30371,8766],{"class":66},[56,30373,1394],{"class":937},[56,30375,372],{"class":941},[56,30377,1394],{"class":937},[56,30379,971],{"class":66},[56,30381,5481],{"class":79},[56,30383,8797],{"class":66},[42,30385,7902,30387,30389],{"id":30386},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[18,30388,14452],{}," with another dictionary",[14,30391,30392,30393,497],{},"This is the most common use of ",[18,30394,14452],{},[14,30396,30397],{},"It is useful when:",[26,30399,30400,30403,30406],{},[29,30401,30402],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[29,30404,30405],{},"Adding extra settings",[29,30407,30408],{},"Updating stored data",[14,30410,274],{},[47,30412,30414],{"className":49,"code":30413,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[18,30415,30416,30453,30490,30494,30509],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30417,30418,30420,30422,30424,30426,30428,30430,30432,30434,30436,30438,30440,30442,30444,30446,30448,30451],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30419,13323],{"class":284},[56,30421,288],{"class":75},[56,30423,9980],{"class":66},[56,30425,938],{"class":937},[56,30427,11989],{"class":941},[56,30429,938],{"class":937},[56,30431,971],{"class":66},[56,30433,1448],{"class":937},[56,30435,20430],{"class":941},[56,30437,938],{"class":937},[56,30439,1080],{"class":66},[56,30441,1448],{"class":937},[56,30443,13348],{"class":941},[56,30445,938],{"class":937},[56,30447,971],{"class":66},[56,30449,30450],{"class":79}," 12",[56,30452,8797],{"class":66},[56,30454,30455,30458,30460,30462,30464,30466,30468,30470,30472,30474,30476,30478,30480,30482,30484,30486,30488],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,30456,30457],{"class":284},"new_settings ",[56,30459,288],{"class":75},[56,30461,9980],{"class":66},[56,30463,938],{"class":937},[56,30465,13348],{"class":941},[56,30467,938],{"class":937},[56,30469,971],{"class":66},[56,30471,13355],{"class":79},[56,30473,1080],{"class":66},[56,30475,1448],{"class":937},[56,30477,19625],{"class":941},[56,30479,938],{"class":937},[56,30481,971],{"class":66},[56,30483,1448],{"class":937},[56,30485,19659],{"class":941},[56,30487,938],{"class":937},[56,30489,8797],{"class":66},[56,30491,30492],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,30493,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,30495,30496,30498,30500,30502,30504,30507],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,30497,13382],{"class":284},[56,30499,497],{"class":66},[56,30501,29971],{"class":237},[56,30503,67],{"class":66},[56,30505,30506],{"class":237},"new_settings",[56,30508,241],{"class":66},[56,30510,30511,30513,30515,30517],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,30512,63],{"class":62},[56,30514,67],{"class":66},[56,30516,13382],{"class":237},[56,30518,241],{"class":66},[14,30520,130],{},[47,30522,30524],{"className":49,"code":30523,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[18,30525,30526],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30527,30528,30530,30532,30534,30536,30538,30540,30542,30544,30546,30548,30550,30552,30554,30556,30558,30560,30562,30564,30566,30568,30570,30572],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30529,8766],{"class":66},[56,30531,1394],{"class":937},[56,30533,11989],{"class":941},[56,30535,1394],{"class":937},[56,30537,971],{"class":66},[56,30539,1389],{"class":937},[56,30541,20430],{"class":941},[56,30543,1394],{"class":937},[56,30545,1080],{"class":66},[56,30547,1389],{"class":937},[56,30549,13348],{"class":941},[56,30551,1394],{"class":937},[56,30553,971],{"class":66},[56,30555,13355],{"class":79},[56,30557,1080],{"class":66},[56,30559,1389],{"class":937},[56,30561,19625],{"class":941},[56,30563,1394],{"class":937},[56,30565,971],{"class":66},[56,30567,1389],{"class":937},[56,30569,19659],{"class":941},[56,30571,1394],{"class":937},[56,30573,8797],{"class":66},[14,30575,12906],{},[26,30577,30578,30583],{},[29,30579,30580,30582],{},[18,30581,13348],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[29,30584,30585,30587],{},[18,30586,19625],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[14,30589,30590,30591,497],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[372,30592,30594],{"href":30593},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[42,30596,7902,30598,30600],{"id":30597},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[18,30599,14452],{}," with key-value pairs",[14,30602,30603,30605],{},[18,30604,14452],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[14,30607,30608],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[47,30610,30612],{"className":49,"code":30611,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,30613,30614,30634,30669,30673,30687],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30615,30616,30618,30620,30622,30624,30626,30628,30630,30632],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30617,4536],{"class":284},[56,30619,288],{"class":75},[56,30621,9980],{"class":66},[56,30623,938],{"class":937},[56,30625,17918],{"class":941},[56,30627,938],{"class":937},[56,30629,971],{"class":66},[56,30631,19400],{"class":79},[56,30633,8797],{"class":66},[56,30635,30636,30638,30640,30642,30644,30646,30648,30650,30652,30654,30656,30658,30661,30663,30665,30667],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,30637,8703],{"class":284},[56,30639,288],{"class":75},[56,30641,8708],{"class":66},[56,30643,938],{"class":937},[56,30645,17927],{"class":941},[56,30647,938],{"class":937},[56,30649,1080],{"class":66},[56,30651,13004],{"class":79},[56,30653,8721],{"class":66},[56,30655,8724],{"class":66},[56,30657,938],{"class":937},[56,30659,30660],{"class":941},"english",[56,30662,938],{"class":937},[56,30664,1080],{"class":66},[56,30666,28426],{"class":79},[56,30668,8737],{"class":66},[56,30670,30671],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,30672,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,30674,30675,30677,30679,30681,30683,30685],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,30676,15888],{"class":284},[56,30678,497],{"class":66},[56,30680,29971],{"class":237},[56,30682,67],{"class":66},[56,30684,8750],{"class":237},[56,30686,241],{"class":66},[56,30688,30689,30691,30693,30695],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,30690,63],{"class":62},[56,30692,67],{"class":66},[56,30694,15888],{"class":237},[56,30696,241],{"class":66},[14,30698,130],{},[47,30700,30702],{"className":49,"code":30701,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[18,30703,30704],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30705,30706,30708,30710,30712,30714,30716,30718,30720,30722,30724,30726,30728,30730,30732,30734,30736,30738,30740,30742],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30707,8766],{"class":66},[56,30709,1394],{"class":937},[56,30711,17918],{"class":941},[56,30713,1394],{"class":937},[56,30715,971],{"class":66},[56,30717,19400],{"class":79},[56,30719,1080],{"class":66},[56,30721,1389],{"class":937},[56,30723,17927],{"class":941},[56,30725,1394],{"class":937},[56,30727,971],{"class":66},[56,30729,13004],{"class":79},[56,30731,1080],{"class":66},[56,30733,1389],{"class":937},[56,30735,30660],{"class":941},[56,30737,1394],{"class":937},[56,30739,971],{"class":66},[56,30741,28426],{"class":79},[56,30743,8797],{"class":66},[14,30745,30746],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[26,30748,30749,30752],{},[29,30750,30751],{},"The key",[29,30753,30754],{},"The value",[14,30756,30757],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[14,30759,30760],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[47,30762,30764],{"className":49,"code":30763,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[18,30765,30766,30786,30811,30815],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30767,30768,30770,30772,30774,30776,30778,30780,30782,30784],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30769,8653],{"class":284},[56,30771,288],{"class":75},[56,30773,9980],{"class":66},[56,30775,938],{"class":937},[56,30777,372],{"class":941},[56,30779,938],{"class":937},[56,30781,971],{"class":66},[56,30783,4973],{"class":79},[56,30785,8797],{"class":66},[56,30787,30788,30791,30793,30795,30797,30799,30801,30803,30805,30807,30809],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,30789,30790],{"class":284},"bad_pairs ",[56,30792,288],{"class":75},[56,30794,8708],{"class":66},[56,30796,938],{"class":937},[56,30798,4232],{"class":941},[56,30800,938],{"class":937},[56,30802,1080],{"class":66},[56,30804,1083],{"class":79},[56,30806,1080],{"class":66},[56,30808,529],{"class":79},[56,30810,8737],{"class":66},[56,30812,30813],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,30814,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,30816,30817,30819,30821,30823,30825,30828],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,30818,8692],{"class":284},[56,30820,497],{"class":66},[56,30822,29971],{"class":237},[56,30824,67],{"class":66},[56,30826,30827],{"class":237},"bad_pairs",[56,30829,241],{"class":66},[14,30831,30832],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[14,30834,30835],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[42,30837,30839],{"id":30838},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[14,30841,30842],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[47,30844,30846],{"className":49,"code":30845,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[18,30847,30848,30872,30904],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30849,30850,30852,30854,30856,30858,30860,30862,30864,30866,30868,30870],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30851,10981],{"class":284},[56,30853,288],{"class":75},[56,30855,9980],{"class":66},[56,30857,938],{"class":937},[56,30859,7149],{"class":941},[56,30861,938],{"class":937},[56,30863,971],{"class":66},[56,30865,1448],{"class":937},[56,30867,28419],{"class":941},[56,30869,938],{"class":937},[56,30871,8797],{"class":66},[56,30873,30874,30876,30878,30880,30882,30884,30886,30888,30890,30893,30895,30897,30900,30902],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,30875,11075],{"class":284},[56,30877,497],{"class":66},[56,30879,29971],{"class":237},[56,30881,67],{"class":66},[56,30883,8787],{"class":8663},[56,30885,288],{"class":75},[56,30887,8681],{"class":79},[56,30889,1080],{"class":66},[56,30891,30892],{"class":8663}," city",[56,30894,288],{"class":75},[56,30896,938],{"class":937},[56,30898,30899],{"class":941},"Madrid",[56,30901,938],{"class":937},[56,30903,241],{"class":66},[56,30905,30906,30908,30910,30912],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,30907,63],{"class":62},[56,30909,67],{"class":66},[56,30911,11075],{"class":237},[56,30913,241],{"class":66},[14,30915,130],{},[47,30917,30919],{"className":49,"code":30918,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[18,30920,30921],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,30922,30923,30925,30927,30929,30931,30933,30935,30937,30939,30941,30943,30945,30947,30949,30951,30953,30955,30957,30959,30961,30963,30965,30967],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,30924,8766],{"class":66},[56,30926,1394],{"class":937},[56,30928,7149],{"class":941},[56,30930,1394],{"class":937},[56,30932,971],{"class":66},[56,30934,1389],{"class":937},[56,30936,28419],{"class":941},[56,30938,1394],{"class":937},[56,30940,1080],{"class":66},[56,30942,1389],{"class":937},[56,30944,8787],{"class":941},[56,30946,1394],{"class":937},[56,30948,971],{"class":66},[56,30950,8794],{"class":79},[56,30952,1080],{"class":66},[56,30954,1389],{"class":937},[56,30956,9898],{"class":941},[56,30958,1394],{"class":937},[56,30960,971],{"class":66},[56,30962,1389],{"class":937},[56,30964,30899],{"class":941},[56,30966,1394],{"class":937},[56,30968,8797],{"class":66},[14,30970,30971],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[14,30973,30974],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[14,30976,30977],{},"These work:",[26,30979,30980,30984,30988],{},[29,30981,30982],{},[18,30983,8787],{},[29,30985,30986],{},[18,30987,9898],{},[29,30989,30990],{},[18,30991,30992],{},"first_name",[14,30994,30995],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[26,30997,30998,31003],{},[29,30999,31000],{},[18,31001,31002],{},"\"first name\"",[29,31004,31005],{},[18,31006,31007],{},"\"user-id\"",[14,31009,31010],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[47,31012,31014],{"className":49,"code":31013,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[18,31015,31016,31024,31064],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31017,31018,31020,31022],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31019,10981],{"class":284},[56,31021,288],{"class":75},[56,31023,9327],{"class":66},[56,31025,31026,31028,31030,31032,31034,31036,31038,31040,31042,31044,31046,31048,31050,31052,31055,31057,31059,31062],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,31027,11075],{"class":284},[56,31029,497],{"class":66},[56,31031,29971],{"class":237},[56,31033,5005],{"class":66},[56,31035,938],{"class":937},[56,31037,10002],{"class":941},[56,31039,938],{"class":937},[56,31041,971],{"class":66},[56,31043,1448],{"class":937},[56,31045,28419],{"class":941},[56,31047,938],{"class":937},[56,31049,1080],{"class":66},[56,31051,1448],{"class":937},[56,31053,31054],{"class":941},"user-id",[56,31056,938],{"class":937},[56,31058,971],{"class":66},[56,31060,31061],{"class":79}," 1001",[56,31063,30003],{"class":66},[56,31065,31066,31068,31070,31072],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,31067,63],{"class":62},[56,31069,67],{"class":66},[56,31071,11075],{"class":237},[56,31073,241],{"class":66},[42,31075,16919],{"id":16918},[14,31077,31078,473,31080,497],{},[18,31079,14452],{},[18,31081,3241],{},[14,31083,13546],{},[14,31085,24212],{},[47,31087,31089],{"className":49,"code":31088,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[18,31090,31091,31115,31141,31145,31155],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31092,31093,31095,31097,31099,31101,31103,31105,31107,31109,31111,31113],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31094,12701],{"class":284},[56,31096,288],{"class":75},[56,31098,9980],{"class":66},[56,31100,938],{"class":937},[56,31102,7149],{"class":941},[56,31104,938],{"class":937},[56,31106,971],{"class":66},[56,31108,1448],{"class":937},[56,31110,12376],{"class":941},[56,31112,938],{"class":937},[56,31114,8797],{"class":66},[56,31116,31117,31119,31121,31123,31125,31127,31129,31131,31133,31135,31137,31139],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,31118,299],{"class":284},[56,31120,288],{"class":75},[56,31122,12744],{"class":284},[56,31124,497],{"class":66},[56,31126,29971],{"class":237},[56,31128,5005],{"class":66},[56,31130,938],{"class":937},[56,31132,8787],{"class":941},[56,31134,938],{"class":937},[56,31136,971],{"class":66},[56,31138,7272],{"class":79},[56,31140,30003],{"class":66},[56,31142,31143],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,31144,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,31146,31147,31149,31151,31153],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,31148,63],{"class":62},[56,31150,67],{"class":66},[56,31152,338],{"class":237},[56,31154,241],{"class":66},[56,31156,31157,31159,31161,31163],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,31158,63],{"class":62},[56,31160,67],{"class":66},[56,31162,16807],{"class":237},[56,31164,241],{"class":66},[14,31166,130],{},[47,31168,31170],{"className":49,"code":31169,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[18,31171,31172,31176],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31173,31174],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31175,11302],{"class":3316},[56,31177,31178,31180,31182,31184,31186,31188,31190,31192,31194,31196,31198,31200,31202,31204,31206],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,31179,8766],{"class":66},[56,31181,1394],{"class":937},[56,31183,7149],{"class":941},[56,31185,1394],{"class":937},[56,31187,971],{"class":66},[56,31189,1389],{"class":937},[56,31191,12376],{"class":941},[56,31193,1394],{"class":937},[56,31195,1080],{"class":66},[56,31197,1389],{"class":937},[56,31199,8787],{"class":941},[56,31201,1394],{"class":937},[56,31203,971],{"class":66},[56,31205,7272],{"class":79},[56,31207,8797],{"class":66},[14,31209,16155],{},[47,31211,31213],{"className":49,"code":31212,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[18,31214,31215,31239,31261,31265],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31216,31217,31219,31221,31223,31225,31227,31229,31231,31233,31235,31237],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31218,12701],{"class":284},[56,31220,288],{"class":75},[56,31222,9980],{"class":66},[56,31224,938],{"class":937},[56,31226,7149],{"class":941},[56,31228,938],{"class":937},[56,31230,971],{"class":66},[56,31232,1448],{"class":937},[56,31234,12376],{"class":941},[56,31236,938],{"class":937},[56,31238,8797],{"class":66},[56,31240,31241,31243,31245,31247,31249,31251,31253,31255,31257,31259],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,31242,16807],{"class":284},[56,31244,497],{"class":66},[56,31246,29971],{"class":237},[56,31248,5005],{"class":66},[56,31250,938],{"class":937},[56,31252,8787],{"class":941},[56,31254,938],{"class":937},[56,31256,971],{"class":66},[56,31258,7272],{"class":79},[56,31260,30003],{"class":66},[56,31262,31263],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,31264,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,31266,31267,31269,31271,31273],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,31268,63],{"class":62},[56,31270,67],{"class":66},[56,31272,16807],{"class":237},[56,31274,241],{"class":66},[14,31276,130],{},[47,31278,31280],{"className":49,"code":31279,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[18,31281,31282],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31283,31284,31286,31288,31290,31292,31294,31296,31298,31300,31302,31304,31306,31308,31310,31312],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31285,8766],{"class":66},[56,31287,1394],{"class":937},[56,31289,7149],{"class":941},[56,31291,1394],{"class":937},[56,31293,971],{"class":66},[56,31295,1389],{"class":937},[56,31297,12376],{"class":941},[56,31299,1394],{"class":937},[56,31301,1080],{"class":66},[56,31303,1389],{"class":937},[56,31305,8787],{"class":941},[56,31307,1394],{"class":937},[56,31309,971],{"class":66},[56,31311,7272],{"class":79},[56,31313,8797],{"class":66},[14,31315,31316,31317,497],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[372,31318,17405],{"href":10221},[42,31320,4433,31322],{"id":31321},"when-to-use-update",[18,31323,14452],{},[14,31325,153,31326,10091],{},[18,31327,14452],{},[26,31329,31330,31333,31336,31339],{},[29,31331,31332],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[29,31334,31335],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[29,31337,31338],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[29,31340,31341],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[14,31343,31344],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[47,31346,31348],{"className":49,"code":31347,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[18,31349,31350,31386,31401,31405,31444,31448,31458],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31351,31352,31354,31356,31358,31360,31362,31364,31366,31368,31370,31372,31374,31376,31378,31380,31382,31384],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31353,11580],{"class":284},[56,31355,288],{"class":75},[56,31357,9980],{"class":66},[56,31359,938],{"class":937},[56,31361,7149],{"class":941},[56,31363,938],{"class":937},[56,31365,971],{"class":66},[56,31367,1448],{"class":937},[56,31369,12376],{"class":941},[56,31371,938],{"class":937},[56,31373,1080],{"class":66},[56,31375,1448],{"class":937},[56,31377,8787],{"class":941},[56,31379,938],{"class":937},[56,31381,971],{"class":66},[56,31383,7272],{"class":79},[56,31385,8797],{"class":66},[56,31387,31388,31391,31393,31395,31397,31399],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,31389,31390],{"class":284},"updated ",[56,31392,288],{"class":75},[56,31394,11655],{"class":284},[56,31396,497],{"class":66},[56,31398,12407],{"class":237},[56,31400,8129],{"class":66},[56,31402,31403],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,31404,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,31406,31407,31410,31412,31414,31416,31418,31420,31422,31424,31426,31428,31430,31432,31434,31436,31438,31440,31442],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,31408,31409],{"class":284},"updated",[56,31411,497],{"class":66},[56,31413,29971],{"class":237},[56,31415,5005],{"class":66},[56,31417,938],{"class":937},[56,31419,8787],{"class":941},[56,31421,938],{"class":937},[56,31423,971],{"class":66},[56,31425,29984],{"class":79},[56,31427,1080],{"class":66},[56,31429,1448],{"class":937},[56,31431,9898],{"class":941},[56,31433,938],{"class":937},[56,31435,971],{"class":66},[56,31437,1448],{"class":937},[56,31439,15530],{"class":941},[56,31441,938],{"class":937},[56,31443,30003],{"class":66},[56,31445,31446],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,31447,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,31449,31450,31452,31454,31456],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,31451,63],{"class":62},[56,31453,67],{"class":66},[56,31455,11627],{"class":237},[56,31457,241],{"class":66},[56,31459,31460,31462,31464,31466],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,31461,63],{"class":62},[56,31463,67],{"class":66},[56,31465,31409],{"class":237},[56,31467,241],{"class":66},[14,31469,130],{},[47,31471,31473],{"className":49,"code":31472,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,31474,31475,31507],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31476,31477,31479,31481,31483,31485,31487,31489,31491,31493,31495,31497,31499,31501,31503,31505],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31478,8766],{"class":66},[56,31480,1394],{"class":937},[56,31482,7149],{"class":941},[56,31484,1394],{"class":937},[56,31486,971],{"class":66},[56,31488,1389],{"class":937},[56,31490,12376],{"class":941},[56,31492,1394],{"class":937},[56,31494,1080],{"class":66},[56,31496,1389],{"class":937},[56,31498,8787],{"class":941},[56,31500,1394],{"class":937},[56,31502,971],{"class":66},[56,31504,7272],{"class":79},[56,31506,8797],{"class":66},[56,31508,31509,31511,31513,31515,31517,31519,31521,31523,31525,31527,31529,31531,31533,31535,31537,31539,31541,31543,31545,31547,31549,31551,31553],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,31510,8766],{"class":66},[56,31512,1394],{"class":937},[56,31514,7149],{"class":941},[56,31516,1394],{"class":937},[56,31518,971],{"class":66},[56,31520,1389],{"class":937},[56,31522,12376],{"class":941},[56,31524,1394],{"class":937},[56,31526,1080],{"class":66},[56,31528,1389],{"class":937},[56,31530,8787],{"class":941},[56,31532,1394],{"class":937},[56,31534,971],{"class":66},[56,31536,29984],{"class":79},[56,31538,1080],{"class":66},[56,31540,1389],{"class":937},[56,31542,9898],{"class":941},[56,31544,1394],{"class":937},[56,31546,971],{"class":66},[56,31548,1389],{"class":937},[56,31550,15530],{"class":941},[56,31552,1394],{"class":937},[56,31554,8797],{"class":66},[14,31556,31557,31558,497],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[372,31559,16097],{"href":16096},[42,31561,912],{"id":911},[14,31563,10238,31564,971],{},[18,31565,14452],{},[26,31567,31568,31575,31579,31582,31585],{},[29,31569,12089,31570,31572,31573],{},[18,31571,14452],{}," to a variable and getting ",[18,31574,3241],{},[29,31576,7938,31577,12097],{},[18,31578,14452],{},[29,31580,31581],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[29,31583,31584],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[29,31586,31587],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[14,31589,31590],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[47,31592,31594],{"className":49,"code":31593,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[18,31595,31596,31606,31620,31634,31656],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31597,31598,31600,31602,31604],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31599,63],{"class":62},[56,31601,67],{"class":66},[56,31603,10942],{"class":237},[56,31605,241],{"class":66},[56,31607,31608,31610,31612,31614,31616,31618],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,31609,63],{"class":62},[56,31611,67],{"class":66},[56,31613,1314],{"class":989},[56,31615,67],{"class":66},[56,31617,8692],{"class":237},[56,31619,83],{"class":66},[56,31621,31622,31624,31626,31628,31630,31632],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,31623,63],{"class":62},[56,31625,67],{"class":66},[56,31627,7577],{"class":989},[56,31629,67],{"class":66},[56,31631,8692],{"class":237},[56,31633,83],{"class":66},[56,31635,31636,31638,31640,31642,31644,31646,31648,31650,31652,31654],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,31637,63],{"class":62},[56,31639,67],{"class":66},[56,31641,10942],{"class":237},[56,31643,497],{"class":66},[56,31645,19252],{"class":237},[56,31647,67],{"class":66},[56,31649,1394],{"class":937},[56,31651,14339],{"class":941},[56,31653,1394],{"class":937},[56,31655,83],{"class":66},[56,31657,31658,31661,31663,31665,31667,31669],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,31659,31660],{"class":62},"help",[56,31662,67],{"class":66},[56,31664,8308],{"class":989},[56,31666,497],{"class":66},[56,31668,29971],{"class":24254},[56,31670,241],{"class":66},[14,31672,31673],{},"These can help you check:",[26,31675,31676,31679,31684,31687,31690],{},[29,31677,31678],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[29,31680,31681,31682],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[18,31683,14452],{},[29,31685,31686],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[29,31688,31689],{},"Whether a key exists",[29,31691,31692],{},"The built-in method help text",[14,31694,31695,31696,497],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[372,31697,10754],{"href":10565},[42,31699,1553],{"id":1552},[615,31701,12199,31703,31705],{"id":31702},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[18,31704,14452],{}," return a new dictionary?",[14,31707,31708,31709,497],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[18,31710,3241],{},[615,31712,12199,31714,31716],{"id":31713},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[18,31715,14452],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[14,31718,31719],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[615,31721,4643,31723,31725],{"id":31722},"can-update-add-new-keys",[18,31724,14452],{}," add new keys?",[14,31727,31728],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[615,31730,27834,31732,31734],{"id":31731},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[18,31733,14452],{}," with a list?",[14,31736,31737,31738,497],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[18,31739,10586],{},[615,31741,4653,31743,31745],{"id":31742},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[18,31744,14452],{}," and assigning one key?",[14,31747,31748,31749,31751],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[18,31750,14452],{}," can change many keys at once.",[42,31753,1601],{"id":1600},[26,31755,31756,31760,31764,31769,31773],{},[29,31757,31758],{},[372,31759,25600],{"href":8879},[29,31761,31762],{},[372,31763,10743],{"href":10221},[29,31765,31766],{},[372,31767,31768],{"href":30593},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[29,31770,31771],{},[372,31772,20960],{"href":16096},[29,31774,31775],{},[372,31776,10754],{"href":10565},[1633,31778,31779],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":31781},[31782,31783,31785,31786,31788,31790,31791,31792,31794,31795,31807],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":30026,"depth":86,"text":31784},"What update() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":30386,"depth":86,"text":31787},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30597,"depth":86,"text":31789},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":30838,"depth":86,"text":30839},{"id":16918,"depth":86,"text":16919},{"id":31321,"depth":86,"text":31793},"When to use update()",{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":31796},[31797,31799,31801,31803,31805],{"id":31702,"depth":102,"text":31798},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":31713,"depth":102,"text":31800},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":31722,"depth":102,"text":31802},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":31731,"depth":102,"text":31804},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":31742,"depth":102,"text":31806},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":29904,"description":31808},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":31814,"title":31815,"body":31816,"description":33805,"extension":1665,"meta":33806,"navigation":316,"path":22398,"seo":33807,"stem":33808,"__hash__":33809},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":31817,"toc":33768},[31818,31823,31830,31833,31835,31934,31936,31991,31996,32001,32015,32020,32022,32037,32039,32053,32066,32071,32077,32084,32086,32193,32195,32244,32250,32325,32327,32348,32350,32353,32458,32460,32515,32517,32545,32549,32554,32633,32635,32655,32657,32668,32678,32682,32687,32791,32793,32818,32821,32832,32837,32846,32849,32866,32868,32955,32957,33020,33022,33045,33047,33052,33058,33063,33065,33104,33110,33113,33132,33143,33149,33152,33225,33227,33246,33251,33254,33277,33283,33286,33350,33353,33430,33437,33440,33499,33505,33507,33526,33530,33533,33584,33587,33607,33609,33670,33672,33677,33682,33687,33692,33697,33702,33708,33711,33720,33728,33730,33765],[10,31819,10810,31821,10814],{"id":31820},"python-dictionary-values-method",[18,31822,16571],{},[14,31824,31825,31826,31829],{},"The Python ",[18,31827,31828],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[14,31831,31832],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[42,31834,45],{"id":44},[47,31836,31838],{"className":49,"code":31837,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[18,31839,31840,31892,31906,31910,31920],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31841,31842,31844,31846,31848,31850,31852,31854,31856,31858,31860,31862,31864,31866,31868,31870,31872,31874,31876,31878,31880,31882,31884,31886,31888,31890],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31843,12359],{"class":284},[56,31845,288],{"class":75},[56,31847,9980],{"class":66},[56,31849,938],{"class":937},[56,31851,7149],{"class":941},[56,31853,938],{"class":937},[56,31855,971],{"class":66},[56,31857,1448],{"class":937},[56,31859,12376],{"class":941},[56,31861,938],{"class":937},[56,31863,1080],{"class":66},[56,31865,1448],{"class":937},[56,31867,8787],{"class":941},[56,31869,938],{"class":937},[56,31871,971],{"class":66},[56,31873,7272],{"class":79},[56,31875,1080],{"class":66},[56,31877,1448],{"class":937},[56,31879,9898],{"class":941},[56,31881,938],{"class":937},[56,31883,971],{"class":66},[56,31885,1448],{"class":937},[56,31887,15530],{"class":941},[56,31889,938],{"class":937},[56,31891,8797],{"class":66},[56,31893,31894,31896,31898,31900,31902,31904],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,31895,3286],{"class":284},[56,31897,288],{"class":75},[56,31899,12402],{"class":284},[56,31901,497],{"class":66},[56,31903,4833],{"class":237},[56,31905,8129],{"class":66},[56,31907,31908],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,31909,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,31911,31912,31914,31916,31918],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,31913,63],{"class":62},[56,31915,67],{"class":66},[56,31917,4833],{"class":237},[56,31919,241],{"class":66},[56,31921,31922,31924,31926,31928,31930,31932],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,31923,63],{"class":62},[56,31925,67],{"class":66},[56,31927,7577],{"class":989},[56,31929,67],{"class":66},[56,31931,4833],{"class":237},[56,31933,83],{"class":66},[14,31935,130],{},[47,31937,31939],{"className":49,"code":31938,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[18,31940,31941,31967],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,31942,31943,31945,31947,31949,31951,31953,31955,31957,31959,31961,31963,31965],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,31944,16537],{"class":237},[56,31946,1074],{"class":66},[56,31948,1394],{"class":937},[56,31950,12376],{"class":941},[56,31952,1394],{"class":937},[56,31954,1080],{"class":66},[56,31956,7272],{"class":79},[56,31958,1080],{"class":66},[56,31960,1389],{"class":937},[56,31962,15530],{"class":941},[56,31964,1394],{"class":937},[56,31966,3354],{"class":66},[56,31968,31969,31971,31973,31975,31977,31979,31981,31983,31985,31987,31989],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,31970,3366],{"class":66},[56,31972,1394],{"class":937},[56,31974,12376],{"class":941},[56,31976,1394],{"class":937},[56,31978,1080],{"class":66},[56,31980,7272],{"class":79},[56,31982,1080],{"class":66},[56,31984,1389],{"class":937},[56,31986,15530],{"class":941},[56,31988,1394],{"class":937},[56,31990,3093],{"class":66},[14,31992,31993,31995],{},[18,31994,16571],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[42,31997,3138,31999,3141],{"id":31998},"what-values-does",[18,32000,16571],{},[26,32002,32003,32006,32009,32012],{},[29,32004,32005],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[29,32007,32008],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[29,32010,32011],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[29,32013,32014],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[14,32016,32017,32018,497],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[372,32019,8880],{"href":8879},[42,32021,220],{"id":219},[47,32023,32025],{"className":49,"code":32024,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_dict.values()\n",[18,32026,32027],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32028,32029,32031,32033,32035],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32030,10942],{"class":284},[56,32032,497],{"class":66},[56,32034,4833],{"class":237},[56,32036,8129],{"class":66},[14,32038,12548],{},[26,32040,32041,32045,32048],{},[29,32042,32043,10958],{},[18,32044,16571],{},[29,32046,32047],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[29,32049,32050,32051],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[18,32052,16571],{},[14,32054,32055,32056,3862,32061,497],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[372,32057,32058,32060],{"href":16562},[18,32059,16565],{}," for dictionary keys",[372,32062,32063,32065],{"href":16575},[18,32064,16578],{}," for key-value pairs",[42,32067,3138,32069,11199],{"id":32068},"what-values-returns",[18,32070,16571],{},[14,32072,32073,21478,32075,24268],{},[18,32074,16571],{},[18,32076,16537],{},[14,32078,32079,32080,32083],{},"This object is a ",[3205,32081,32082],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[14,32085,274],{},[47,32087,32089],{"className":49,"code":32088,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[18,32090,32091,32127,32131,32146,32157,32161,32183],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32092,32093,32095,32097,32099,32101,32103,32105,32107,32109,32111,32113,32115,32117,32119,32121,32123,32125],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32094,12701],{"class":284},[56,32096,288],{"class":75},[56,32098,9980],{"class":66},[56,32100,938],{"class":937},[56,32102,7149],{"class":941},[56,32104,938],{"class":937},[56,32106,971],{"class":66},[56,32108,1448],{"class":937},[56,32110,7404],{"class":941},[56,32112,938],{"class":937},[56,32114,1080],{"class":66},[56,32116,1448],{"class":937},[56,32118,8787],{"class":941},[56,32120,938],{"class":937},[56,32122,971],{"class":66},[56,32124,8794],{"class":79},[56,32126,8797],{"class":66},[56,32128,32129],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,32130,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,32132,32133,32136,32138,32140,32142,32144],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,32134,32135],{"class":284},"values_view ",[56,32137,288],{"class":75},[56,32139,12744],{"class":284},[56,32141,497],{"class":66},[56,32143,4833],{"class":237},[56,32145,8129],{"class":66},[56,32147,32148,32150,32152,32155],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,32149,63],{"class":62},[56,32151,67],{"class":66},[56,32153,32154],{"class":237},"values_view",[56,32156,241],{"class":66},[56,32158,32159],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,32160,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,32162,32163,32165,32167,32169,32171,32173,32175,32177,32179,32181],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,32164,16807],{"class":284},[56,32166,3366],{"class":66},[56,32168,938],{"class":937},[56,32170,9898],{"class":941},[56,32172,938],{"class":937},[56,32174,12770],{"class":66},[56,32176,12773],{"class":75},[56,32178,1448],{"class":937},[56,32180,30150],{"class":941},[56,32182,1454],{"class":937},[56,32184,32185,32187,32189,32191],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,32186,63],{"class":62},[56,32188,67],{"class":66},[56,32190,32154],{"class":237},[56,32192,241],{"class":66},[14,32194,130],{},[47,32196,32198],{"className":49,"code":32197,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[18,32199,32200,32218],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32201,32202,32204,32206,32208,32210,32212,32214,32216],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32203,16537],{"class":237},[56,32205,1074],{"class":66},[56,32207,1394],{"class":937},[56,32209,7404],{"class":941},[56,32211,1394],{"class":937},[56,32213,1080],{"class":66},[56,32215,8794],{"class":79},[56,32217,3354],{"class":66},[56,32219,32220,32222,32224,32226,32228,32230,32232,32234,32236,32238,32240,32242],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,32221,16537],{"class":237},[56,32223,1074],{"class":66},[56,32225,1394],{"class":937},[56,32227,7404],{"class":941},[56,32229,1394],{"class":937},[56,32231,1080],{"class":66},[56,32233,8794],{"class":79},[56,32235,1080],{"class":66},[56,32237,1389],{"class":937},[56,32239,30150],{"class":941},[56,32241,1394],{"class":937},[56,32243,3354],{"class":66},[14,32245,32246,32247,497],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[18,32248,32249],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[47,32251,32253],{"className":49,"code":32252,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[18,32254,32255,32291,32310,32314],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32256,32257,32259,32261,32263,32265,32267,32269,32271,32273,32275,32277,32279,32281,32283,32285,32287,32289],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32258,12701],{"class":284},[56,32260,288],{"class":75},[56,32262,9980],{"class":66},[56,32264,938],{"class":937},[56,32266,7149],{"class":941},[56,32268,938],{"class":937},[56,32270,971],{"class":66},[56,32272,1448],{"class":937},[56,32274,7404],{"class":941},[56,32276,938],{"class":937},[56,32278,1080],{"class":66},[56,32280,1448],{"class":937},[56,32282,8787],{"class":941},[56,32284,938],{"class":937},[56,32286,971],{"class":66},[56,32288,8794],{"class":79},[56,32290,8797],{"class":66},[56,32292,32293,32296,32298,32300,32302,32304,32306,32308],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,32294,32295],{"class":284},"values_list ",[56,32297,288],{"class":75},[56,32299,22063],{"class":989},[56,32301,67],{"class":66},[56,32303,16807],{"class":237},[56,32305,497],{"class":66},[56,32307,4833],{"class":237},[56,32309,6674],{"class":66},[56,32311,32312],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,32313,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,32315,32316,32318,32320,32323],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,32317,63],{"class":62},[56,32319,67],{"class":66},[56,32321,32322],{"class":237},"values_list",[56,32324,241],{"class":66},[14,32326,130],{},[47,32328,32330],{"className":49,"code":32329,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['Mia', 25]\n",[18,32331,32332],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32333,32334,32336,32338,32340,32342,32344,32346],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32335,3366],{"class":66},[56,32337,1394],{"class":937},[56,32339,7404],{"class":941},[56,32341,1394],{"class":937},[56,32343,1080],{"class":66},[56,32345,8794],{"class":79},[56,32347,3093],{"class":66},[42,32349,10968],{"id":10967},[14,32351,32352],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[47,32354,32356],{"className":49,"code":32355,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,32357,32358,32412,32416,32430,32434,32444],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32359,32360,32362,32364,32366,32368,32370,32372,32374,32376,32378,32380,32382,32384,32386,32388,32390,32393,32395,32397,32400,32402,32404,32406,32408,32410],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32361,24300],{"class":284},[56,32363,288],{"class":75},[56,32365,9980],{"class":66},[56,32367,938],{"class":937},[56,32369,24309],{"class":941},[56,32371,938],{"class":937},[56,32373,971],{"class":66},[56,32375,1448],{"class":937},[56,32377,24318],{"class":941},[56,32379,938],{"class":937},[56,32381,1080],{"class":66},[56,32383,1448],{"class":937},[56,32385,24327],{"class":941},[56,32387,938],{"class":937},[56,32389,971],{"class":66},[56,32391,32392],{"class":79}," 2022",[56,32394,1080],{"class":66},[56,32396,1448],{"class":937},[56,32398,32399],{"class":941},"color",[56,32401,938],{"class":937},[56,32403,971],{"class":66},[56,32405,1448],{"class":937},[56,32407,12606],{"class":941},[56,32409,938],{"class":937},[56,32411,8797],{"class":66},[56,32413,32414],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,32415,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,32417,32418,32420,32422,32424,32426,32428],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,32419,299],{"class":284},[56,32421,288],{"class":75},[56,32423,24349],{"class":284},[56,32425,497],{"class":66},[56,32427,4833],{"class":237},[56,32429,8129],{"class":66},[56,32431,32432],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,32433,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,32435,32436,32438,32440,32442],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,32437,63],{"class":62},[56,32439,67],{"class":66},[56,32441,338],{"class":237},[56,32443,241],{"class":66},[56,32445,32446,32448,32450,32452,32454,32456],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,32447,63],{"class":62},[56,32449,67],{"class":66},[56,32451,7577],{"class":989},[56,32453,67],{"class":66},[56,32455,338],{"class":237},[56,32457,83],{"class":66},[14,32459,130],{},[47,32461,32463],{"className":49,"code":32462,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[18,32464,32465,32491],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32466,32467,32469,32471,32473,32475,32477,32479,32481,32483,32485,32487,32489],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32468,16537],{"class":237},[56,32470,1074],{"class":66},[56,32472,1394],{"class":937},[56,32474,24318],{"class":941},[56,32476,1394],{"class":937},[56,32478,1080],{"class":66},[56,32480,32392],{"class":79},[56,32482,1080],{"class":66},[56,32484,1389],{"class":937},[56,32486,12606],{"class":941},[56,32488,1394],{"class":937},[56,32490,3354],{"class":66},[56,32492,32493,32495,32497,32499,32501,32503,32505,32507,32509,32511,32513],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,32494,3366],{"class":66},[56,32496,1394],{"class":937},[56,32498,24318],{"class":941},[56,32500,1394],{"class":937},[56,32502,1080],{"class":66},[56,32504,32392],{"class":79},[56,32506,1080],{"class":66},[56,32508,1389],{"class":937},[56,32510,12606],{"class":941},[56,32512,1394],{"class":937},[56,32514,3093],{"class":66},[14,32516,11177],{},[26,32518,32519,32525,32531,32539],{},[29,32520,32521,32524],{},[18,32522,32523],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[29,32526,32527,32530],{},[18,32528,32529],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[29,32532,32533,32536,32537,24121],{},[18,32534,32535],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[18,32538,16537],{},[29,32540,32541,32544],{},[18,32542,32543],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[42,32546,32548],{"id":32547},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[14,32550,32551,32552,25569],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[18,32553,5434],{},[47,32555,32557],{"className":49,"code":32556,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[18,32558,32559,32603,32607,32623],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32560,32561,32563,32565,32567,32569,32571,32573,32575,32577,32579,32581,32583,32585,32587,32589,32591,32593,32595,32597,32599,32601],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32562,4536],{"class":284},[56,32564,288],{"class":75},[56,32566,9980],{"class":66},[56,32568,938],{"class":937},[56,32570,17918],{"class":941},[56,32572,938],{"class":937},[56,32574,971],{"class":66},[56,32576,19400],{"class":79},[56,32578,1080],{"class":66},[56,32580,1448],{"class":937},[56,32582,30660],{"class":941},[56,32584,938],{"class":937},[56,32586,971],{"class":66},[56,32588,13004],{"class":79},[56,32590,1080],{"class":66},[56,32592,1448],{"class":937},[56,32594,17927],{"class":941},[56,32596,938],{"class":937},[56,32598,971],{"class":66},[56,32600,28426],{"class":79},[56,32602,8797],{"class":66},[56,32604,32605],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,32606,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,32608,32609,32611,32613,32615,32617,32619,32621],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,32610,5434],{"class":3341},[56,32612,21087],{"class":284},[56,32614,3348],{"class":3341},[56,32616,4583],{"class":284},[56,32618,497],{"class":66},[56,32620,4833],{"class":237},[56,32622,21098],{"class":66},[56,32624,32625,32627,32629,32631],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,32626,7552],{"class":62},[56,32628,67],{"class":66},[56,32630,551],{"class":237},[56,32632,241],{"class":66},[14,32634,130],{},[47,32636,32638],{"className":49,"code":32637,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"90\n85\n88\n",[18,32639,32640,32645,32650],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32641,32642],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32643,32644],{"class":79},"90\n",[56,32646,32647],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,32648,32649],{"class":79},"85\n",[56,32651,32652],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,32653,32654],{"class":79},"88\n",[14,32656,17211],{},[26,32658,32659,32662,32665],{},[29,32660,32661],{},"You only need the values",[29,32663,32664],{},"You do not care about the keys",[29,32666,32667],{},"You want simpler code",[14,32669,32670,32671,964,32675,497],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[372,32672,10227,32673,10231],{"href":16575},[18,32674,16578],{},[372,32676,21978],{"href":32677},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[42,32679,32681],{"id":32680},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[14,32683,153,32684,32686],{},[18,32685,32249],{}," when you need a list.",[47,32688,32690],{"className":49,"code":32689,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[18,32691,32692,32738,32742,32762,32766,32777],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32693,32694,32697,32699,32701,32703,32705,32707,32709,32711,32713,32715,32717,32719,32721,32723,32725,32727,32730,32732,32734,32736],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32695,32696],{"class":284},"fruit_prices ",[56,32698,288],{"class":75},[56,32700,9980],{"class":66},[56,32702,938],{"class":937},[56,32704,3546],{"class":941},[56,32706,938],{"class":937},[56,32708,971],{"class":66},[56,32710,1083],{"class":79},[56,32712,1080],{"class":66},[56,32714,1448],{"class":937},[56,32716,3555],{"class":941},[56,32718,938],{"class":937},[56,32720,971],{"class":66},[56,32722,4973],{"class":79},[56,32724,1080],{"class":66},[56,32726,1448],{"class":937},[56,32728,32729],{"class":941},"orange",[56,32731,938],{"class":937},[56,32733,971],{"class":66},[56,32735,529],{"class":79},[56,32737,8797],{"class":66},[56,32739,32740],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,32741,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,32743,32744,32747,32749,32751,32753,32756,32758,32760],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,32745,32746],{"class":284},"price_list ",[56,32748,288],{"class":75},[56,32750,22063],{"class":989},[56,32752,67],{"class":66},[56,32754,32755],{"class":237},"fruit_prices",[56,32757,497],{"class":66},[56,32759,4833],{"class":237},[56,32761,6674],{"class":66},[56,32763,32764],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,32765,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,32767,32768,32770,32772,32775],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,32769,63],{"class":62},[56,32771,67],{"class":66},[56,32773,32774],{"class":237},"price_list",[56,32776,241],{"class":66},[56,32778,32779,32781,32783,32785,32787,32789],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,32780,63],{"class":62},[56,32782,67],{"class":66},[56,32784,32774],{"class":237},[56,32786,3366],{"class":66},[56,32788,181],{"class":79},[56,32790,3354],{"class":66},[14,32792,130],{},[47,32794,32796],{"className":49,"code":32795,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[18,32797,32798,32814],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32799,32800,32802,32804,32806,32808,32810,32812],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32801,3366],{"class":66},[56,32803,115],{"class":79},[56,32805,1080],{"class":66},[56,32807,4973],{"class":79},[56,32809,1080],{"class":66},[56,32811,529],{"class":79},[56,32813,3093],{"class":66},[56,32815,32816],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,32817,16556],{"class":79},[14,32819,32820],{},"This is helpful for:",[26,32822,32823,32826,32829],{},[29,32824,32825],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[29,32827,32828],{},"Accessing values by index",[29,32830,32831],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[14,32833,3391,32834,32836],{},[18,32835,16537],{}," is not the same as a list.",[42,32838,32840,10075,32842,10075,32844],{"id":32839},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[18,32841,16571],{},[18,32843,16565],{},[18,32845,16578],{},[14,32847,32848],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[26,32850,32851,32856,32861],{},[29,32852,32853,32855],{},[18,32854,16571],{}," returns only the values",[29,32857,32858,32860],{},[18,32859,16565],{}," returns only the keys",[29,32862,32863,32865],{},[18,32864,16578],{}," returns key-value pairs",[14,32867,187],{},[47,32869,32871],{"className":49,"code":32870,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[18,32872,32873,32909,32913,32927,32941],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32874,32875,32877,32879,32881,32883,32885,32887,32889,32891,32893,32895,32897,32899,32901,32903,32905,32907],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32876,12359],{"class":284},[56,32878,288],{"class":75},[56,32880,9980],{"class":66},[56,32882,938],{"class":937},[56,32884,7149],{"class":941},[56,32886,938],{"class":937},[56,32888,971],{"class":66},[56,32890,1448],{"class":937},[56,32892,12376],{"class":941},[56,32894,938],{"class":937},[56,32896,1080],{"class":66},[56,32898,1448],{"class":937},[56,32900,8787],{"class":941},[56,32902,938],{"class":937},[56,32904,971],{"class":66},[56,32906,7272],{"class":79},[56,32908,8797],{"class":66},[56,32910,32911],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,32912,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,32914,32915,32917,32919,32921,32923,32925],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,32916,63],{"class":62},[56,32918,67],{"class":66},[56,32920,13123],{"class":237},[56,32922,497],{"class":66},[56,32924,16423],{"class":237},[56,32926,6674],{"class":66},[56,32928,32929,32931,32933,32935,32937,32939],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,32930,63],{"class":62},[56,32932,67],{"class":66},[56,32934,13123],{"class":237},[56,32936,497],{"class":66},[56,32938,4833],{"class":237},[56,32940,6674],{"class":66},[56,32942,32943,32945,32947,32949,32951,32953],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,32944,63],{"class":62},[56,32946,67],{"class":66},[56,32948,13123],{"class":237},[56,32950,497],{"class":66},[56,32952,7292],{"class":237},[56,32954,6674],{"class":66},[14,32956,130],{},[47,32958,32960],{"className":49,"code":32959,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[18,32961,32962,32984,33002],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,32963,32964,32966,32968,32970,32972,32974,32976,32978,32980,32982],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,32965,16514],{"class":237},[56,32967,1074],{"class":66},[56,32969,1394],{"class":937},[56,32971,7149],{"class":941},[56,32973,1394],{"class":937},[56,32975,1080],{"class":66},[56,32977,1389],{"class":937},[56,32979,8787],{"class":941},[56,32981,1394],{"class":937},[56,32983,3354],{"class":66},[56,32985,32986,32988,32990,32992,32994,32996,32998,33000],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,32987,16537],{"class":237},[56,32989,1074],{"class":66},[56,32991,1394],{"class":937},[56,32993,12376],{"class":941},[56,32995,1394],{"class":937},[56,32997,1080],{"class":66},[56,32999,7272],{"class":79},[56,33001,3354],{"class":66},[56,33003,33004,33006,33008,33010,33012,33014,33016,33018],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,33005,21411],{"class":237},[56,33007,9146],{"class":66},[56,33009,1394],{"class":937},[56,33011,7149],{"class":941},[56,33013,1394],{"class":937},[56,33015,1080],{"class":66},[56,33017,7272],{"class":79},[56,33019,10169],{"class":66},[14,33021,18196],{},[26,33023,33024,33031,33038],{},[29,33025,33026,33030],{},[372,33027,33028],{"href":16562},[18,33029,16565],{}," when you need just the keys",[29,33032,33033,33037],{},[372,33034,33035],{"href":16568},[18,33036,16571],{}," when you need just the values",[29,33039,33040,33044],{},[372,33041,33042],{"href":16575},[18,33043,16578],{}," when you need both",[42,33046,3988],{"id":3987},[14,33048,33049,33050,497],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[18,33051,16571],{},[615,33053,29156,33055,33057],{"id":33054},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[18,33056,16571],{}," on the wrong type",[14,33059,33060,33062],{},[18,33061,16571],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[14,33064,16143],{},[47,33066,33068],{"className":49,"code":33067,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[18,33069,33070,33090],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33071,33072,33074,33076,33078,33080,33082,33084,33086,33088],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33073,7792],{"class":284},[56,33075,288],{"class":75},[56,33077,3080],{"class":66},[56,33079,1077],{"class":79},[56,33081,1080],{"class":66},[56,33083,1083],{"class":79},[56,33085,1080],{"class":66},[56,33087,529],{"class":79},[56,33089,3093],{"class":66},[56,33091,33092,33094,33096,33098,33100,33102],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,33093,63],{"class":62},[56,33095,67],{"class":66},[56,33097,7823],{"class":237},[56,33099,497],{"class":66},[56,33101,4833],{"class":237},[56,33103,6674],{"class":66},[14,33105,33106,33107,33109],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[18,33108,16571],{}," method.",[14,33111,33112],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[47,33114,33116],{"className":49,"code":33115,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(my_list))\n",[18,33117,33118],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33119,33120,33122,33124,33126,33128,33130],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33121,63],{"class":62},[56,33123,67],{"class":66},[56,33125,1314],{"class":989},[56,33127,67],{"class":66},[56,33129,7823],{"class":237},[56,33131,83],{"class":66},[14,33133,33134,33135,33137,33138,497],{},"If you get an ",[18,33136,25176],{},", see ",[372,33139,25184,33140,33142],{"href":25183},[18,33141,25187],{}," errors",[615,33144,4049,33146,33148],{"id":33145},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[18,33147,16571],{}," returns a list",[14,33150,33151],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[47,33153,33155],{"className":49,"code":33154,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,33156,33157,33193,33207,33211],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33158,33159,33161,33163,33165,33167,33169,33171,33173,33175,33177,33179,33181,33183,33185,33187,33189,33191],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33160,12359],{"class":284},[56,33162,288],{"class":75},[56,33164,9980],{"class":66},[56,33166,938],{"class":937},[56,33168,7149],{"class":941},[56,33170,938],{"class":937},[56,33172,971],{"class":66},[56,33174,1448],{"class":937},[56,33176,12376],{"class":941},[56,33178,938],{"class":937},[56,33180,1080],{"class":66},[56,33182,1448],{"class":937},[56,33184,8787],{"class":941},[56,33186,938],{"class":937},[56,33188,971],{"class":66},[56,33190,7272],{"class":79},[56,33192,8797],{"class":66},[56,33194,33195,33197,33199,33201,33203,33205],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,33196,3286],{"class":284},[56,33198,288],{"class":75},[56,33200,12402],{"class":284},[56,33202,497],{"class":66},[56,33204,4833],{"class":237},[56,33206,8129],{"class":66},[56,33208,33209],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,33210,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,33212,33213,33215,33217,33219,33221,33223],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,33214,63],{"class":62},[56,33216,67],{"class":66},[56,33218,1314],{"class":989},[56,33220,67],{"class":66},[56,33222,4833],{"class":237},[56,33224,83],{"class":66},[14,33226,130],{},[47,33228,33230],{"className":49,"code":33229,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[18,33231,33232],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33233,33234,33236,33238,33240,33242,33244],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33235,1383],{"class":75},[56,33237,1386],{"class":124},[56,33239,1389],{"class":937},[56,33241,16537],{"class":941},[56,33243,1394],{"class":937},[56,33245,1397],{"class":75},[14,33247,4621,33248,33250],{},[18,33249,16537],{},", not a list.",[14,33252,33253],{},"If you need a list:",[47,33255,33257],{"className":49,"code":33256,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = list(student.values())\n",[18,33258,33259],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33260,33261,33263,33265,33267,33269,33271,33273,33275],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33262,3286],{"class":284},[56,33264,288],{"class":75},[56,33266,22063],{"class":989},[56,33268,67],{"class":66},[56,33270,13123],{"class":237},[56,33272,497],{"class":66},[56,33274,4833],{"class":237},[56,33276,6674],{"class":66},[615,33278,33280,33281],{"id":33279},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[18,33282,16537],{},[14,33284,33285],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[47,33287,33289],{"className":49,"code":33288,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[18,33290,33291,33327,33341,33345],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33292,33293,33295,33297,33299,33301,33303,33305,33307,33309,33311,33313,33315,33317,33319,33321,33323,33325],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33294,12359],{"class":284},[56,33296,288],{"class":75},[56,33298,9980],{"class":66},[56,33300,938],{"class":937},[56,33302,7149],{"class":941},[56,33304,938],{"class":937},[56,33306,971],{"class":66},[56,33308,1448],{"class":937},[56,33310,12376],{"class":941},[56,33312,938],{"class":937},[56,33314,1080],{"class":66},[56,33316,1448],{"class":937},[56,33318,8787],{"class":941},[56,33320,938],{"class":937},[56,33322,971],{"class":66},[56,33324,7272],{"class":79},[56,33326,8797],{"class":66},[56,33328,33329,33331,33333,33335,33337,33339],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,33330,3286],{"class":284},[56,33332,288],{"class":75},[56,33334,12402],{"class":284},[56,33336,497],{"class":66},[56,33338,4833],{"class":237},[56,33340,8129],{"class":66},[56,33342,33343],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,33344,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,33346,33347],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,33348,33349],{"class":3123},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[14,33351,33352],{},"Convert to a list first:",[47,33354,33356],{"className":49,"code":33355,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[18,33357,33358,33394,33412,33416],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33359,33360,33362,33364,33366,33368,33370,33372,33374,33376,33378,33380,33382,33384,33386,33388,33390,33392],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33361,12359],{"class":284},[56,33363,288],{"class":75},[56,33365,9980],{"class":66},[56,33367,938],{"class":937},[56,33369,7149],{"class":941},[56,33371,938],{"class":937},[56,33373,971],{"class":66},[56,33375,1448],{"class":937},[56,33377,12376],{"class":941},[56,33379,938],{"class":937},[56,33381,1080],{"class":66},[56,33383,1448],{"class":937},[56,33385,8787],{"class":941},[56,33387,938],{"class":937},[56,33389,971],{"class":66},[56,33391,7272],{"class":79},[56,33393,8797],{"class":66},[56,33395,33396,33398,33400,33402,33404,33406,33408,33410],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,33397,3286],{"class":284},[56,33399,288],{"class":75},[56,33401,22063],{"class":989},[56,33403,67],{"class":66},[56,33405,13123],{"class":237},[56,33407,497],{"class":66},[56,33409,4833],{"class":237},[56,33411,6674],{"class":66},[56,33413,33414],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,33415,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,33417,33418,33420,33422,33424,33426,33428],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,33419,63],{"class":62},[56,33421,67],{"class":66},[56,33423,4833],{"class":237},[56,33425,3366],{"class":66},[56,33427,181],{"class":79},[56,33429,3354],{"class":66},[615,33431,7902,33433,10583,33435],{"id":33432},"using-values-instead-of-values",[18,33434,4833],{},[18,33436,16571],{},[14,33438,33439],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[47,33441,33443],{"className":49,"code":33442,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[18,33444,33445,33481,33485],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33446,33447,33449,33451,33453,33455,33457,33459,33461,33463,33465,33467,33469,33471,33473,33475,33477,33479],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33448,12359],{"class":284},[56,33450,288],{"class":75},[56,33452,9980],{"class":66},[56,33454,938],{"class":937},[56,33456,7149],{"class":941},[56,33458,938],{"class":937},[56,33460,971],{"class":66},[56,33462,1448],{"class":937},[56,33464,12376],{"class":941},[56,33466,938],{"class":937},[56,33468,1080],{"class":66},[56,33470,1448],{"class":937},[56,33472,8787],{"class":941},[56,33474,938],{"class":937},[56,33476,971],{"class":66},[56,33478,7272],{"class":79},[56,33480,8797],{"class":66},[56,33482,33483],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,33484,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,33486,33487,33489,33491,33493,33495,33497],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,33488,63],{"class":62},[56,33490,67],{"class":66},[56,33492,13123],{"class":237},[56,33494,497],{"class":66},[56,33496,4833],{"class":24254},[56,33498,241],{"class":66},[14,33500,33501,33504],{},[18,33502,33503],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[14,33506,18196],{},[47,33508,33510],{"className":49,"code":33509,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(student.values())\n",[18,33511,33512],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33513,33514,33516,33518,33520,33522,33524],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33515,63],{"class":62},[56,33517,67],{"class":66},[56,33519,13123],{"class":237},[56,33521,497],{"class":66},[56,33523,4833],{"class":237},[56,33525,6674],{"class":66},[615,33527,33529],{"id":33528},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[14,33531,33532],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[47,33534,33536],{"className":49,"code":33535,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[18,33537,33538,33570],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33539,33540,33542,33544,33546,33548,33550,33552,33554,33556,33558,33560,33562,33564,33566,33568],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33541,8653],{"class":284},[56,33543,288],{"class":75},[56,33545,9980],{"class":66},[56,33547,938],{"class":937},[56,33549,372],{"class":941},[56,33551,938],{"class":937},[56,33553,971],{"class":66},[56,33555,4973],{"class":79},[56,33557,1080],{"class":66},[56,33559,1448],{"class":937},[56,33561,4232],{"class":941},[56,33563,938],{"class":937},[56,33565,971],{"class":66},[56,33567,1083],{"class":79},[56,33569,8797],{"class":66},[56,33571,33572,33574,33576,33578,33580,33582],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,33573,63],{"class":62},[56,33575,67],{"class":66},[56,33577,8692],{"class":237},[56,33579,497],{"class":66},[56,33581,4833],{"class":237},[56,33583,6674],{"class":66},[14,33585,33586],{},"Not like this:",[47,33588,33590],{"className":49,"code":33589,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[18,33591,33592,33597,33602],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33593,33594],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33595,33596],{"class":3123},"# Wrong examples:\n",[56,33598,33599],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,33600,33601],{"class":3123},"# data().values()\n",[56,33603,33604],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,33605,33606],{"class":3123},"# values(data)\n",[14,33608,1434],{},[47,33610,33612],{"className":49,"code":33611,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[18,33613,33614,33628,33638,33652],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33615,33616,33618,33620,33622,33624,33626],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33617,63],{"class":62},[56,33619,67],{"class":66},[56,33621,1314],{"class":989},[56,33623,67],{"class":66},[56,33625,10942],{"class":237},[56,33627,83],{"class":66},[56,33629,33630,33632,33634,33636],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,33631,63],{"class":62},[56,33633,67],{"class":66},[56,33635,10942],{"class":237},[56,33637,241],{"class":66},[56,33639,33640,33642,33644,33646,33648,33650],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,33641,63],{"class":62},[56,33643,67],{"class":66},[56,33645,10942],{"class":237},[56,33647,497],{"class":66},[56,33649,4833],{"class":237},[56,33651,6674],{"class":66},[56,33653,33654,33656,33658,33660,33662,33664,33666,33668],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,33655,63],{"class":62},[56,33657,67],{"class":66},[56,33659,7577],{"class":989},[56,33661,67],{"class":66},[56,33663,10942],{"class":237},[56,33665,497],{"class":66},[56,33667,4833],{"class":237},[56,33669,5767],{"class":66},[42,33671,1553],{"id":1552},[615,33673,4615,33675,4618],{"id":33674},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[18,33676,31828],{},[14,33678,16922,33679,33681],{},[18,33680,16537],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[615,33683,12199,33685,23435],{"id":33684},"does-values-return-a-list",[18,33686,16571],{},[14,33688,23438,33689,23442],{},[18,33690,33691],{},"list(...)",[615,33693,25561,33695,571],{"id":33694},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[18,33696,31828],{},[14,33698,33699,33700,25569],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[18,33701,5434],{},[615,33703,12199,33705,33707],{"id":33704},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[18,33706,31828],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[14,33709,33710],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[615,33712,33714,33715,33717,33718,571],{"id":33713},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[18,33716,16571],{}," different from ",[18,33719,16578],{},[14,33721,33722,33724,33725,33727],{},[18,33723,16571],{}," returns only values. ",[18,33726,16578],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[42,33729,1601],{"id":1600},[26,33731,33732,33738,33744,33748,33754,33758],{},[29,33733,33734],{},[372,33735,10227,33736,10231],{"href":16562},[18,33737,16565],{},[29,33739,33740],{},[372,33741,10227,33742,10231],{"href":16575},[18,33743,16578],{},[29,33745,33746],{},[372,33747,10734],{"href":8879},[29,33749,33750],{},[372,33751,33753],{"href":33752},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[29,33755,33756],{},[372,33757,23520],{"href":32677},[29,33759,33760],{},[372,33761,29854,33762],{"href":25183},[18,33763,33764],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1633,33766,33767],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":33769},[33770,33771,33773,33774,33776,33777,33778,33779,33781,33792,33804],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":31998,"depth":86,"text":33772},"What values() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":32068,"depth":86,"text":33775},"What values() returns",{"id":10967,"depth":86,"text":10968},{"id":32547,"depth":86,"text":32548},{"id":32680,"depth":86,"text":32681},{"id":32839,"depth":86,"text":33780},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":3987,"depth":86,"text":3988,"children":33782},[33783,33785,33787,33789,33791],{"id":33054,"depth":102,"text":33784},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33145,"depth":102,"text":33786},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33279,"depth":102,"text":33788},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33432,"depth":102,"text":33790},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33528,"depth":102,"text":33529},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":33793},[33794,33796,33798,33800,33802],{"id":33674,"depth":102,"text":33795},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":33684,"depth":102,"text":33797},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":33694,"depth":102,"text":33799},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":33704,"depth":102,"text":33801},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":33713,"depth":102,"text":33803},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":31815,"description":33805},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":33811,"title":33812,"body":33813,"description":35244,"extension":1665,"meta":35245,"navigation":316,"path":35246,"seo":35247,"stem":35248,"__hash__":35249},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":33814,"toc":35196},[33815,33821,33826,33829,33845,33854,33856,33888,33894,33897,33992,33995,34000,34005,34008,34019,34021,34035,34041,34043,34048,34054,34057,34096,34104,34109,34112,34157,34160,34172,34178,34184,34188,34221,34224,34242,34245,34249,34288,34290,34310,34313,34325,34330,34336,34339,34394,34397,34408,34411,34422,34425,34429,34435,34437,34467,34470,34485,34488,34491,34510,34513,34529,34538,34540,34571,34577,34582,34585,34592,34623,34626,34648,34651,34654,34668,34672,34703,34718,34725,34732,34736,34744,34748,34756,34759,34808,34819,34821,34824,34830,34835,34845,34849,34852,34855,34859,34862,34864,34885,34889,34895,34906,34912,34914,34920,34944,34947,35010,35013,35041,35044,35106,35108,35113,35116,35123,35131,35138,35141,35149,35155,35157,35184,35193],[10,33816,3031,33818,3035],{"id":33817},"python-dir-function-explained",[18,33819,33820],{},"dir()",[14,33822,31825,33823,33825],{},[18,33824,33820],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[14,33827,33828],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[26,33830,33831,33834,33837,33842],{},[29,33832,33833],{},"learning Python",[29,33835,33836],{},"exploring a new object",[29,33838,33839,33840],{},"debugging an ",[18,33841,25176],{},[29,33843,33844],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[14,33846,33847,33848,33850,33851],{},"In short, ",[18,33849,33820],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[3205,33852,33853],{},"“What can I use here?”",[42,33855,45],{"id":44},[47,33857,33859],{"className":49,"code":33858,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[18,33860,33861,33873],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33862,33863,33865,33867,33869,33871],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33864,7359],{"class":284},[56,33866,288],{"class":75},[56,33868,1448],{"class":937},[56,33870,3309],{"class":941},[56,33872,1454],{"class":937},[56,33874,33875,33877,33879,33882,33884,33886],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,33876,63],{"class":62},[56,33878,67],{"class":66},[56,33880,33881],{"class":62},"dir",[56,33883,67],{"class":66},[56,33885,7149],{"class":237},[56,33887,83],{"class":66},[14,33889,153,33890,33893],{},[18,33891,33892],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[14,33895,33896],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[47,33898,33900],{"className":49,"code":33899,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[18,33901,33902],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,33903,33904,33906,33908,33911,33913,33915,33917,33920,33922,33924,33926,33929,33931,33933,33935,33938,33940,33942,33944,33947,33949,33951,33953,33956,33958,33960,33964,33966,33968,33970,33972,33974,33976,33979,33981,33983,33985,33988,33990],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,33905,3366],{"class":66},[56,33907,1394],{"class":937},[56,33909,33910],{"class":941},"__add__",[56,33912,1394],{"class":937},[56,33914,1080],{"class":66},[56,33916,1389],{"class":937},[56,33918,33919],{"class":941},"__class__",[56,33921,1394],{"class":937},[56,33923,1080],{"class":66},[56,33925,1389],{"class":937},[56,33927,33928],{"class":941},"__contains__",[56,33930,1394],{"class":937},[56,33932,1080],{"class":66},[56,33934,1389],{"class":937},[56,33936,33937],{"class":941},"__delattr__",[56,33939,1394],{"class":937},[56,33941,1080],{"class":66},[56,33943,1389],{"class":937},[56,33945,33946],{"class":941},"__dir__",[56,33948,1394],{"class":937},[56,33950,1080],{"class":66},[56,33952,1389],{"class":937},[56,33954,33955],{"class":941},"__doc__",[56,33957,1394],{"class":937},[56,33959,1080],{"class":66},[56,33961,33963],{"class":33962},"s_hVV"," ...",[56,33965,1080],{"class":66},[56,33967,1389],{"class":937},[56,33969,8126],{"class":941},[56,33971,1394],{"class":937},[56,33973,1080],{"class":66},[56,33975,1389],{"class":937},[56,33977,33978],{"class":941},"split",[56,33980,1394],{"class":937},[56,33982,1080],{"class":66},[56,33984,1389],{"class":937},[56,33986,33987],{"class":941},"upper",[56,33989,1394],{"class":937},[56,33991,3093],{"class":66},[14,33993,33994],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[42,33996,3138,33998,3141],{"id":33997},"what-dir-does",[18,33999,33820],{},[14,34001,34002,34004],{},[18,34003,33820],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[14,34006,34007],{},"It usually includes:",[26,34009,34010,34013,34016],{},[29,34011,34012],{},"attributes",[29,34014,34015],{},"methods",[29,34017,34018],{},"special Python names",[14,34020,10951],{},[26,34022,34023,34029,34032],{},[29,34024,34025,34026],{},"The result is a ",[3205,34027,34028],{},"list of strings",[29,34030,34031],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[29,34033,34034],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[14,34036,34037,34038,34040],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[18,34039,33820],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[42,34042,220],{"id":219},[14,34044,34045,34047],{},[18,34046,33820],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[615,34049,34051,34053],{"id":34050},"dir-with-no-argument",[18,34052,33820],{}," with no argument",[14,34055,34056],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[47,34058,34060],{"className":49,"code":34059,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[18,34061,34062,34070,34082,34086],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34063,34064,34066,34068],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34065,1116],{"class":284},[56,34067,288],{"class":75},[56,34069,668],{"class":79},[56,34071,34072,34074,34076,34078,34080],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,34073,7359],{"class":284},[56,34075,288],{"class":75},[56,34077,1448],{"class":937},[56,34079,7158],{"class":941},[56,34081,1454],{"class":937},[56,34083,34084],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,34085,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,34087,34088,34090,34092,34094],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,34089,63],{"class":62},[56,34091,67],{"class":66},[56,34093,33881],{"class":62},[56,34095,6674],{"class":66},[14,34097,34098,34099,3862,34101,34103],{},"This will show names such as ",[18,34100,238],{},[18,34102,7149],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[615,34105,34107],{"id":34106},"dirobject",[18,34108,33892],{},[14,34110,34111],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[47,34113,34115],{"className":49,"code":34114,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,34116,34117,34135],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34118,34119,34121,34123,34125,34127,34129,34131,34133],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34120,63],{"class":62},[56,34122,67],{"class":66},[56,34124,33881],{"class":62},[56,34126,67],{"class":66},[56,34128,938],{"class":937},[56,34130,3309],{"class":941},[56,34132,938],{"class":937},[56,34134,83],{"class":66},[56,34136,34137,34139,34141,34143,34145,34147,34149,34151,34153,34155],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,34138,63],{"class":62},[56,34140,67],{"class":66},[56,34142,33881],{"class":62},[56,34144,1074],{"class":66},[56,34146,1077],{"class":79},[56,34148,1080],{"class":66},[56,34150,1083],{"class":79},[56,34152,1080],{"class":66},[56,34154,529],{"class":79},[56,34156,1090],{"class":66},[14,34158,34159],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[26,34161,34162,34164,34166,34169],{},[29,34163,4783],{},[29,34165,4774],{},[29,34167,34168],{},"modules",[29,34170,34171],{},"custom objects",[42,34173,7902,34175,34177],{"id":34174},"using-dir-with-a-value",[18,34176,33820],{}," with a value",[14,34179,34180,34181,34183],{},"A common use of ",[18,34182,33820],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[615,34185,34187],{"id":34186},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[47,34189,34191],{"className":49,"code":34190,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[18,34192,34193,34206],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34194,34195,34198,34200,34202,34204],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34196,34197],{"class":284},"text ",[56,34199,288],{"class":75},[56,34201,1448],{"class":937},[56,34203,3309],{"class":941},[56,34205,1454],{"class":937},[56,34207,34208,34210,34212,34214,34216,34219],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,34209,63],{"class":62},[56,34211,67],{"class":66},[56,34213,33881],{"class":62},[56,34215,67],{"class":66},[56,34217,34218],{"class":237},"text",[56,34220,83],{"class":66},[14,34222,34223],{},"You will see method names like:",[26,34225,34226,34230,34234,34238],{},[29,34227,34228],{},[18,34229,8126],{},[29,34231,34232],{},[18,34233,33987],{},[29,34235,34236],{},[18,34237,33978],{},[29,34239,34240],{},[18,34241,8120],{},[14,34243,34244],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[615,34246,34248],{"id":34247},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[47,34250,34252],{"className":49,"code":34251,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[18,34253,34254,34274],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34255,34256,34258,34260,34262,34264,34266,34268,34270,34272],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34257,3075],{"class":284},[56,34259,288],{"class":75},[56,34261,3080],{"class":66},[56,34263,1077],{"class":79},[56,34265,1080],{"class":66},[56,34267,1083],{"class":79},[56,34269,1080],{"class":66},[56,34271,529],{"class":79},[56,34273,3093],{"class":66},[56,34275,34276,34278,34280,34282,34284,34286],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,34277,63],{"class":62},[56,34279,67],{"class":66},[56,34281,33881],{"class":62},[56,34283,67],{"class":66},[56,34285,3107],{"class":237},[56,34287,83],{"class":66},[14,34289,34223],{},[26,34291,34292,34296,34300,34305],{},[29,34293,34294],{},[18,34295,13050],{},[29,34297,34298],{},[18,34299,25746],{},[29,34301,34302],{},[18,34303,34304],{},"remove",[29,34306,34307],{},[18,34308,34309],{},"sort",[14,34311,34312],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[14,34314,34315,34316,34321,34322,34324],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[372,34317,34319],{"href":34318},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[18,34320,377],{}," can help first. Then ",[18,34323,33820],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[42,34326,7902,34328,34053],{"id":34327},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[18,34329,33820],{},[14,34331,34332,34333,34335],{},"When used with no argument, ",[18,34334,33820],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[14,34337,34338],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[47,34340,34342],{"className":49,"code":34341,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[18,34343,34344,34353,34357,34368,34380,34384],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34345,34346,34348,34350],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34347,1116],{"class":284},[56,34349,288],{"class":75},[56,34351,34352],{"class":79}," 5\n",[56,34354,34355],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,34356,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,34358,34359,34362,34366],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,34360,34361],{"class":124},"def",[56,34363,34365],{"class":34364},"sGLFI"," greet",[56,34367,21098],{"class":66},[56,34369,34370,34373,34375,34378],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,34371,34372],{"class":3341},"    return",[56,34374,1448],{"class":937},[56,34376,34377],{"class":941},"Hello",[56,34379,1454],{"class":937},[56,34381,34382],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,34383,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,34385,34386,34388,34390,34392],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,34387,63],{"class":62},[56,34389,67],{"class":66},[56,34391,33881],{"class":62},[56,34393,6674],{"class":66},[14,34395,34396],{},"The output will include names like:",[26,34398,34399,34403],{},[29,34400,34401],{},[18,34402,238],{},[29,34404,34405],{},[18,34406,34407],{},"greet",[14,34409,34410],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[26,34412,34413,34416,34419],{},[29,34414,34415],{},"what variables exist",[29,34417,34418],{},"what functions you have defined",[29,34420,34421],{},"what names are currently available",[14,34423,34424],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[42,34426,34428],{"id":34427},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[14,34430,34431,34432,34434],{},"When you first use ",[18,34433,33820],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[14,34436,274],{},[47,34438,34439],{"className":49,"code":34190,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,34440,34441,34453],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34442,34443,34445,34447,34449,34451],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34444,34197],{"class":284},[56,34446,288],{"class":75},[56,34448,1448],{"class":937},[56,34450,3309],{"class":941},[56,34452,1454],{"class":937},[56,34454,34455,34457,34459,34461,34463,34465],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,34456,63],{"class":62},[56,34458,67],{"class":66},[56,34460,33881],{"class":62},[56,34462,67],{"class":66},[56,34464,34218],{"class":237},[56,34466,83],{"class":66},[14,34468,34469],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[26,34471,34472,34476,34480],{},[29,34473,34474],{},[18,34475,33919],{},[29,34477,34478],{},[18,34479,33955],{},[29,34481,34482],{},[18,34483,34484],{},"__len__",[14,34486,34487],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[14,34489,34490],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[26,34492,34493,34497,34501,34505],{},[29,34494,34495],{},[18,34496,33987],{},[29,34498,34499],{},[18,34500,8126],{},[29,34502,34503],{},[18,34504,33978],{},[29,34506,34507],{},[18,34508,34509],{},"replace",[14,34511,34512],{},"A key point to remember:",[26,34514,34515,34523],{},[29,34516,34517,34519,34520],{},[18,34518,33820],{}," lists ",[3205,34521,34522],{},"names only",[29,34524,34525,34526,34528],{},"it does ",[3205,34527,4101],{}," explain what each name does",[14,34530,34531,34532,497],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[372,34533,34535],{"href":34534},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[18,34536,34537],{},"help()",[14,34539,4947],{},[47,34541,34543],{"className":49,"code":34542,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,34544,34545,34557],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34546,34547,34549,34551,34553,34555],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34548,7359],{"class":284},[56,34550,288],{"class":75},[56,34552,1448],{"class":937},[56,34554,3309],{"class":941},[56,34556,1454],{"class":937},[56,34558,34559,34561,34563,34565,34567,34569],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,34560,31660],{"class":62},[56,34562,67],{"class":66},[56,34564,7149],{"class":237},[56,34566,497],{"class":66},[56,34568,33987],{"class":24254},[56,34570,241],{"class":66},[42,34572,34574,34576],{"id":34573},"dir-on-modules",[18,34575,33820],{}," on modules",[14,34578,15213,34579,34581],{},[18,34580,33820],{}," on modules after importing them.",[14,34583,34584],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[615,34586,34588,34589,34591],{"id":34587},"example-math-module","Example: ",[18,34590,17918],{}," module",[47,34593,34595],{"className":49,"code":34594,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[18,34596,34597,34605,34609],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34598,34599,34602],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34600,34601],{"class":3341},"import",[56,34603,34604],{"class":284}," math\n",[56,34606,34607],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,34608,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,34610,34611,34613,34615,34617,34619,34621],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,34612,63],{"class":62},[56,34614,67],{"class":66},[56,34616,33881],{"class":62},[56,34618,67],{"class":66},[56,34620,17918],{"class":237},[56,34622,83],{"class":66},[14,34624,34625],{},"You may see names like:",[26,34627,34628,34633,34638,34643],{},[29,34629,34630],{},[18,34631,34632],{},"sqrt",[29,34634,34635],{},[18,34636,34637],{},"ceil",[29,34639,34640],{},[18,34641,34642],{},"floor",[29,34644,34645],{},[18,34646,34647],{},"pi",[14,34649,34650],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[14,34652,34653],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[26,34655,34656,34662],{},[29,34657,34658],{},[372,34659,34661],{"href":34660},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[29,34663,34664],{},[372,34665,34667],{"href":34666},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[615,34669,34671],{"id":34670},"another-example","Another example",[47,34673,34675],{"className":49,"code":34674,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[18,34676,34677,34684,34688],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34678,34679,34681],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34680,34601],{"class":3341},[56,34682,34683],{"class":284}," json\n",[56,34685,34686],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,34687,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,34689,34690,34692,34694,34696,34698,34701],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,34691,63],{"class":62},[56,34693,67],{"class":66},[56,34695,33881],{"class":62},[56,34697,67],{"class":66},[56,34699,34700],{"class":237},"json",[56,34702,83],{"class":66},[14,34704,34705,34706,255,34709,255,34712,16572,34715,497],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[18,34707,34708],{},"dump",[18,34710,34711],{},"dumps",[18,34713,34714],{},"load",[18,34716,34717],{},"loads",[42,34719,34721,10075,34723],{"id":34720},"dir-vs-help",[18,34722,33820],{},[18,34724,34537],{},[14,34726,34727,3862,34729,34731],{},[18,34728,33820],{},[18,34730,34537],{}," are often used together.",[615,34733,34734],{"id":33881},[18,34735,33820],{},[26,34737,34738,34741],{},[29,34739,34740],{},"shows available names",[29,34742,34743],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[615,34745,34746],{"id":31660},[18,34747,34537],{},[26,34749,34750,34753],{},[29,34751,34752],{},"explains what an object or function does",[29,34754,34755],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[14,34757,34758],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[47,34760,34762],{"className":49,"code":34761,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,34763,34764,34776,34780,34794],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34765,34766,34768,34770,34772,34774],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34767,7359],{"class":284},[56,34769,288],{"class":75},[56,34771,1448],{"class":937},[56,34773,3309],{"class":941},[56,34775,1454],{"class":937},[56,34777,34778],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,34779,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,34781,34782,34784,34786,34788,34790,34792],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,34783,63],{"class":62},[56,34785,67],{"class":66},[56,34787,33881],{"class":62},[56,34789,67],{"class":66},[56,34791,7149],{"class":237},[56,34793,83],{"class":66},[56,34795,34796,34798,34800,34802,34804,34806],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,34797,31660],{"class":62},[56,34799,67],{"class":66},[56,34801,7149],{"class":237},[56,34803,497],{"class":66},[56,34805,33987],{"class":24254},[56,34807,241],{"class":66},[14,34809,153,34810,34812,34813,34815,34816,34818],{},[18,34811,33820],{}," first to find a method name.",[9335,34814],{},"\nThen use ",[18,34817,34537],{}," to understand how to use it.",[42,34820,24862],{"id":24861},[14,34822,34823],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[615,34825,34827,34829],{"id":34826},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[18,34828,33820],{}," returns names, not values",[14,34831,34832,34834],{},[18,34833,33820],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[14,34836,34837,34838,34840,34841,34844],{},"For example, seeing ",[18,34839,33987],{}," in ",[18,34842,34843],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[615,34846,34848],{"id":34847},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[14,34850,34851],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[14,34853,34854],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[615,34856,34858],{"id":34857},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[14,34860,34861],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[14,34863,4947],{},[26,34865,34866,34871,34877],{},[29,34867,34868,34870],{},[18,34869,34843],{}," shows string-related names",[29,34872,34873,34876],{},[18,34874,34875],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[29,34878,34879,34882,34883,34591],{},[18,34880,34881],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[18,34884,17918],{},[615,34886,34888],{"id":34887},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[14,34890,34891,34892,34894],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[18,34893,33820],{}," does not mean you already know:",[26,34896,34897,34900,34903],{},[29,34898,34899],{},"what it does",[29,34901,34902],{},"what arguments it needs",[29,34904,34905],{},"what it returns",[14,34907,34908,34909,34911],{},"That is why ",[18,34910,34537],{}," is the natural next step.",[42,34913,912],{"id":911},[14,34915,34916,34917,34919],{},"Beginners often use ",[18,34918,33820],{}," in these situations:",[26,34921,34922,34925,34934,34937],{},[29,34923,34924],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[29,34926,34927,34928,34933],{},"Seeing an ",[372,34929,34931],{"href":34930},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[18,34932,25176],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[29,34935,34936],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[29,34938,7902,34939,34941,34942],{},[18,34940,33820],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[18,34943,34537],{},[14,34945,34946],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[47,34948,34950],{"className":49,"code":34949,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[18,34951,34952,34964,34968,34982,34996],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,34953,34954,34956,34958,34960,34962],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,34955,7359],{"class":284},[56,34957,288],{"class":75},[56,34959,1448],{"class":937},[56,34961,3309],{"class":941},[56,34963,1454],{"class":937},[56,34965,34966],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,34967,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,34969,34970,34972,34974,34976,34978,34980],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,34971,63],{"class":62},[56,34973,67],{"class":66},[56,34975,1314],{"class":989},[56,34977,67],{"class":66},[56,34979,7149],{"class":237},[56,34981,83],{"class":66},[56,34983,34984,34986,34988,34990,34992,34994],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,34985,63],{"class":62},[56,34987,67],{"class":66},[56,34989,33881],{"class":62},[56,34991,67],{"class":66},[56,34993,7149],{"class":237},[56,34995,83],{"class":66},[56,34997,34998,35000,35002,35004,35006,35008],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,34999,31660],{"class":62},[56,35001,67],{"class":66},[56,35003,7149],{"class":237},[56,35005,497],{"class":66},[56,35007,33987],{"class":24254},[56,35009,241],{"class":66},[14,35011,35012],{},"And for modules:",[47,35014,35015],{"className":49,"code":34594,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,35016,35017,35023,35027],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35018,35019,35021],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35020,34601],{"class":3341},[56,35022,34604],{"class":284},[56,35024,35025],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,35026,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,35028,35029,35031,35033,35035,35037,35039],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,35030,63],{"class":62},[56,35032,67],{"class":66},[56,35034,33881],{"class":62},[56,35036,67],{"class":66},[56,35038,17918],{"class":237},[56,35040,83],{"class":66},[14,35042,35043],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[47,35045,35047],{"className":49,"code":35046,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[18,35048,35049,35054,35066,35076,35090,35096],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35050,35051],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35052,35053],{"class":284},"python\n",[56,35055,35056,35058,35060,35062,35064],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,35057,7359],{"class":284},[56,35059,288],{"class":75},[56,35061,1448],{"class":937},[56,35063,3309],{"class":941},[56,35065,1454],{"class":937},[56,35067,35068,35070,35072,35074],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,35069,33881],{"class":62},[56,35071,67],{"class":66},[56,35073,7149],{"class":237},[56,35075,241],{"class":66},[56,35077,35078,35080,35082,35084,35086,35088],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,35079,31660],{"class":62},[56,35081,67],{"class":66},[56,35083,7149],{"class":237},[56,35085,497],{"class":66},[56,35087,33987],{"class":24254},[56,35089,241],{"class":66},[56,35091,35092,35094],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,35093,34601],{"class":3341},[56,35095,34604],{"class":284},[56,35097,35098,35100,35102,35104],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,35099,33881],{"class":62},[56,35101,67],{"class":66},[56,35103,17918],{"class":237},[56,35105,241],{"class":66},[42,35107,1553],{"id":1552},[615,35109,4615,35111,4618],{"id":35110},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[18,35112,33820],{},[14,35114,35115],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[615,35117,4653,35119,3862,35121,571],{"id":35118},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[18,35120,33820],{},[18,35122,34537],{},[14,35124,35125,35127,35128,35130],{},[18,35126,33820],{}," lists available names. ",[18,35129,34537],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[615,35132,35134,35135,35137],{"id":35133},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[18,35136,33820],{}," output?",[14,35139,35140],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[615,35142,4643,35144,35146,35147,571],{"id":35143},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[18,35145,33820],{}," help fix ",[18,35148,25176],{},[14,35150,35151,35152,497],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[372,35153,35154],{"href":34930},"object has no attribute",[42,35156,1601],{"id":1600},[26,35158,35159,35165,35170,35174,35178],{},[29,35160,35161],{},[372,35162,3031,35163,1610],{"href":34534},[18,35164,34537],{},[29,35166,35167],{},[372,35168,35169],{"href":34930},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[29,35171,35172],{},[372,35173,34661],{"href":34660},[29,35175,35176],{},[372,35177,34667],{"href":34666},[29,35179,35180],{},[372,35181,3031,35182,1610],{"href":34318},[18,35183,377],{},[14,35185,35186,35187,35189,35190,35192],{},"A good habit is to use ",[18,35188,33820],{}," together with ",[18,35191,34537],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1633,35194,35195],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":35197},[35198,35199,35201,35206,35211,35213,35214,35220,35225,35232,35233,35243],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":33997,"depth":86,"text":35200},"What dir() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220,"children":35202},[35203,35205],{"id":34050,"depth":102,"text":35204},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34106,"depth":102,"text":33892},{"id":34174,"depth":86,"text":35207,"children":35208},"Using dir() with a value",[35209,35210],{"id":34186,"depth":102,"text":34187},{"id":34247,"depth":102,"text":34248},{"id":34327,"depth":86,"text":35212},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34427,"depth":86,"text":34428},{"id":34573,"depth":86,"text":35215,"children":35216},"dir() on modules",[35217,35219],{"id":34587,"depth":102,"text":35218},"Example: math module",{"id":34670,"depth":102,"text":34671},{"id":34720,"depth":86,"text":35221,"children":35222},"dir() vs help()",[35223,35224],{"id":33881,"depth":102,"text":33820},{"id":31660,"depth":102,"text":34537},{"id":24861,"depth":86,"text":24862,"children":35226},[35227,35229,35230,35231],{"id":34826,"depth":102,"text":35228},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":34847,"depth":102,"text":34848},{"id":34857,"depth":102,"text":34858},{"id":34887,"depth":102,"text":34888},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":35234},[35235,35237,35239,35241],{"id":35110,"depth":102,"text":35236},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35118,"depth":102,"text":35238},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35133,"depth":102,"text":35240},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35143,"depth":102,"text":35242},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":33812,"description":35244},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35251,"title":35252,"body":35253,"description":37073,"extension":1665,"meta":37074,"navigation":316,"path":37075,"seo":37076,"stem":37077,"__hash__":37078},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35254,"toc":37042},[35255,35261,35266,35269,35277,35283,35285,35365,35367,35393,35398,35403,35408,35411,35422,35425,35427,35506,35508,35534,35541,35543,35545,35570,35573,35586,35591,35593,35674,35676,35702,35711,35716,35724,35730,35737,35740,35742,35821,35824,35881,35883,35920,35926,35931,35936,35939,35953,35955,36058,36060,36103,36112,36122,36129,36135,36142,36225,36227,36250,36253,36256,36258,36262,36266,36269,36332,36355,36358,36362,36368,36370,36437,36440,36517,36522,36528,36531,36534,36580,36582,36606,36611,36615,36620,36626,36689,36692,36694,36697,36722,36725,36860,36862,36963,36965,36970,36973,36979,36989,36997,37002,37008,37014,37016,37039],[10,35256,3031,35258,3035],{"id":35257},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[18,35259,35260],{},"enumerate()",[14,35262,35263,35265],{},[18,35264,35260],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[14,35267,35268],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[26,35270,35271,35274],{},[29,35272,35273],{},"the item itself",[29,35275,35276],{},"its index in the loop",[14,35278,35279,35280,35282],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[18,35281,35260],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[42,35284,45],{"id":44},[47,35286,35288],{"className":49,"code":35287,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[18,35289,35290,35322,35326,35349],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35291,35292,35294,35296,35298,35300,35302,35304,35306,35308,35310,35312,35314,35316,35318,35320],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35293,12572],{"class":284},[56,35295,288],{"class":75},[56,35297,3080],{"class":66},[56,35299,938],{"class":937},[56,35301,12589],{"class":941},[56,35303,938],{"class":937},[56,35305,1080],{"class":66},[56,35307,1448],{"class":937},[56,35309,16956],{"class":941},[56,35311,938],{"class":937},[56,35313,1080],{"class":66},[56,35315,1448],{"class":937},[56,35317,12606],{"class":941},[56,35319,938],{"class":937},[56,35321,3093],{"class":66},[56,35323,35324],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,35325,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,35327,35328,35330,35333,35335,35338,35340,35343,35345,35347],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,35329,5434],{"class":3341},[56,35331,35332],{"class":284}," index",[56,35334,1080],{"class":66},[56,35336,35337],{"class":284}," color ",[56,35339,3348],{"class":3341},[56,35341,35342],{"class":62}," enumerate",[56,35344,67],{"class":66},[56,35346,17003],{"class":237},[56,35348,7826],{"class":66},[56,35350,35351,35353,35355,35358,35360,35363],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,35352,7552],{"class":62},[56,35354,67],{"class":66},[56,35356,35357],{"class":237},"index",[56,35359,1080],{"class":66},[56,35361,35362],{"class":237}," color",[56,35364,241],{"class":66},[14,35366,130],{},[47,35368,35370],{"className":49,"code":35369,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[18,35371,35372,35379,35386],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35373,35374,35376],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35375,181],{"class":79},[56,35377,35378],{"class":284}," red\n",[56,35380,35381,35383],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,35382,1077],{"class":79},[56,35384,35385],{"class":284}," green\n",[56,35387,35388,35390],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,35389,115],{"class":79},[56,35391,35392],{"class":284}," blue\n",[14,35394,153,35395,35397],{},[18,35396,35260],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[42,35399,3138,35401,3141],{"id":35400},"what-enumerate-does",[18,35402,35260],{},[14,35404,35405,35407],{},[18,35406,35260],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[14,35409,35410],{},"It is commonly used with:",[26,35412,35413,35415,35417,35419],{},[29,35414,4774],{},[29,35416,4777],{},[29,35418,4783],{},[29,35420,35421],{},"other iterable objects",[14,35423,35424],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[14,35426,274],{},[47,35428,35430],{"className":49,"code":35429,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[18,35431,35432,35466,35470,35491],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35433,35434,35436,35438,35440,35442,35444,35446,35448,35450,35453,35455,35457,35459,35462,35464],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35435,4467],{"class":284},[56,35437,288],{"class":75},[56,35439,3080],{"class":66},[56,35441,938],{"class":937},[56,35443,12376],{"class":941},[56,35445,938],{"class":937},[56,35447,1080],{"class":66},[56,35449,1448],{"class":937},[56,35451,35452],{"class":941},"Ben",[56,35454,938],{"class":937},[56,35456,1080],{"class":66},[56,35458,1448],{"class":937},[56,35460,35461],{"class":941},"Cara",[56,35463,938],{"class":937},[56,35465,3093],{"class":66},[56,35467,35468],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,35469,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,35471,35472,35474,35476,35478,35481,35483,35485,35487,35489],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,35473,5434],{"class":3341},[56,35475,35332],{"class":284},[56,35477,1080],{"class":66},[56,35479,35480],{"class":284}," name ",[56,35482,3348],{"class":3341},[56,35484,35342],{"class":62},[56,35486,67],{"class":66},[56,35488,4511],{"class":237},[56,35490,7826],{"class":66},[56,35492,35493,35495,35497,35499,35501,35504],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,35494,7552],{"class":62},[56,35496,67],{"class":66},[56,35498,35357],{"class":237},[56,35500,1080],{"class":66},[56,35502,35503],{"class":237}," name",[56,35505,241],{"class":66},[14,35507,130],{},[47,35509,35511],{"className":49,"code":35510,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[18,35512,35513,35520,35527],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35514,35515,35517],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35516,181],{"class":79},[56,35518,35519],{"class":284}," Ana\n",[56,35521,35522,35524],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,35523,1077],{"class":79},[56,35525,35526],{"class":284}," Ben\n",[56,35528,35529,35531],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,35530,115],{"class":79},[56,35532,35533],{"class":284}," Cara\n",[14,35535,35536,35537,497],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[372,35538,35540],{"href":35539},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[42,35542,220],{"id":219},[14,35544,223],{},[47,35546,35548],{"className":49,"code":35547,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[18,35549,35550],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35551,35552,35555,35557,35559,35561,35564,35566,35568],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35553,35554],{"class":62},"enumerate",[56,35556,67],{"class":66},[56,35558,3182],{"class":237},[56,35560,1080],{"class":66},[56,35562,35563],{"class":8663}," start",[56,35565,288],{"class":75},[56,35567,181],{"class":79},[56,35569,241],{"class":66},[14,35571,35572],{},"It has two parts:",[26,35574,35575,35580],{},[29,35576,35577,35579],{},[18,35578,3182],{},": the object you want to loop through",[29,35581,35582,35585],{},[18,35583,35584],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[14,35587,35588,35589,497],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[18,35590,181],{},[14,35592,274],{},[47,35594,35596],{"className":49,"code":35595,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[18,35597,35598,35631,35635,35658],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35599,35600,35603,35605,35607,35609,35611,35613,35615,35617,35619,35621,35623,35625,35627,35629],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35601,35602],{"class":284},"letters ",[56,35604,288],{"class":75},[56,35606,3080],{"class":66},[56,35608,938],{"class":937},[56,35610,372],{"class":941},[56,35612,938],{"class":937},[56,35614,1080],{"class":66},[56,35616,1448],{"class":937},[56,35618,4232],{"class":941},[56,35620,938],{"class":937},[56,35622,1080],{"class":66},[56,35624,1448],{"class":937},[56,35626,9228],{"class":941},[56,35628,938],{"class":937},[56,35630,3093],{"class":66},[56,35632,35633],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,35634,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,35636,35637,35639,35642,35644,35647,35649,35651,35653,35656],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,35638,5434],{"class":3341},[56,35640,35641],{"class":284}," i",[56,35643,1080],{"class":66},[56,35645,35646],{"class":284}," letter ",[56,35648,3348],{"class":3341},[56,35650,35342],{"class":62},[56,35652,67],{"class":66},[56,35654,35655],{"class":237},"letters",[56,35657,7826],{"class":66},[56,35659,35660,35662,35664,35667,35669,35672],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,35661,7552],{"class":62},[56,35663,67],{"class":66},[56,35665,35666],{"class":237},"i",[56,35668,1080],{"class":66},[56,35670,35671],{"class":237}," letter",[56,35673,241],{"class":66},[14,35675,130],{},[47,35677,35679],{"className":49,"code":35678,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[18,35680,35681,35688,35695],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35682,35683,35685],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35684,181],{"class":79},[56,35686,35687],{"class":284}," a\n",[56,35689,35690,35692],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,35691,1077],{"class":79},[56,35693,35694],{"class":284}," b\n",[56,35696,35697,35699],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,35698,115],{"class":79},[56,35700,35701],{"class":284}," c\n",[14,35703,35704,35705,497],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[372,35706,3031,35708,1610],{"href":35707},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[18,35709,35710],{},"range()",[42,35712,3138,35714,11199],{"id":35713},"what-enumerate-returns",[18,35715,35260],{},[14,35717,35718,35720,35721,497],{},[18,35719,35260],{}," returns an ",[3205,35722,35723],{},"enumerate object",[14,35725,35726,35727,35729],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[18,35728,5434],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[26,35731,35732],{},[29,35733,35734],{},[18,35735,35736],{},"(index, item)",[14,35738,35739],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[14,35741,274],{},[47,35743,35745],{"className":49,"code":35744,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[18,35746,35747,35780,35784,35806],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35748,35749,35752,35754,35756,35758,35760,35762,35764,35766,35768,35770,35772,35774,35776,35778],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35750,35751],{"class":284},"fruits ",[56,35753,288],{"class":75},[56,35755,3080],{"class":66},[56,35757,938],{"class":937},[56,35759,3546],{"class":941},[56,35761,938],{"class":937},[56,35763,1080],{"class":66},[56,35765,1448],{"class":937},[56,35767,3555],{"class":941},[56,35769,938],{"class":937},[56,35771,1080],{"class":66},[56,35773,1448],{"class":937},[56,35775,32729],{"class":941},[56,35777,938],{"class":937},[56,35779,3093],{"class":66},[56,35781,35782],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,35783,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,35785,35786,35788,35790,35792,35795,35797,35799,35801,35804],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,35787,5434],{"class":3341},[56,35789,35332],{"class":284},[56,35791,1080],{"class":66},[56,35793,35794],{"class":284}," fruit ",[56,35796,3348],{"class":3341},[56,35798,35342],{"class":62},[56,35800,67],{"class":66},[56,35802,35803],{"class":237},"fruits",[56,35805,7826],{"class":66},[56,35807,35808,35810,35812,35814,35816,35819],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,35809,7552],{"class":62},[56,35811,67],{"class":66},[56,35813,35357],{"class":237},[56,35815,1080],{"class":66},[56,35817,35818],{"class":237}," fruit",[56,35820,241],{"class":66},[14,35822,35823],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[47,35825,35827],{"className":49,"code":35826,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[18,35828,35829,35849,35853,35871],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35830,35831,35833,35835,35837,35839,35841,35843,35845,35847],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35832,3075],{"class":284},[56,35834,288],{"class":75},[56,35836,3080],{"class":66},[56,35838,406],{"class":79},[56,35840,1080],{"class":66},[56,35842,7272],{"class":79},[56,35844,1080],{"class":66},[56,35846,7277],{"class":79},[56,35848,3093],{"class":66},[56,35850,35851],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,35852,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,35854,35855,35857,35859,35861,35863,35865,35867,35869],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,35856,299],{"class":284},[56,35858,288],{"class":75},[56,35860,22063],{"class":989},[56,35862,67],{"class":66},[56,35864,35554],{"class":62},[56,35866,67],{"class":66},[56,35868,3107],{"class":237},[56,35870,83],{"class":66},[56,35872,35873,35875,35877,35879],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,35874,63],{"class":62},[56,35876,67],{"class":66},[56,35878,338],{"class":237},[56,35880,241],{"class":66},[14,35882,130],{},[47,35884,35886],{"className":49,"code":35885,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[18,35887,35888],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35889,35890,35892,35894,35896,35898,35900,35902,35904,35906,35908,35910,35912,35914,35916,35918],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35891,21243],{"class":66},[56,35893,181],{"class":79},[56,35895,1080],{"class":66},[56,35897,5481],{"class":79},[56,35899,8721],{"class":66},[56,35901,8724],{"class":66},[56,35903,1077],{"class":79},[56,35905,1080],{"class":66},[56,35907,7272],{"class":79},[56,35909,8721],{"class":66},[56,35911,8724],{"class":66},[56,35913,115],{"class":79},[56,35915,1080],{"class":66},[56,35917,7277],{"class":79},[56,35919,8737],{"class":66},[14,35921,35922,35923,35925],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[18,35924,35260],{}," produces.",[42,35927,4433,35929],{"id":35928},"when-to-use-enumerate",[18,35930,35260],{},[14,35932,153,35933,35935],{},[18,35934,35260],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[14,35937,35938],{},"Common cases:",[26,35940,35941,35944,35947,35950],{},[29,35942,35943],{},"printing numbered output",[29,35945,35946],{},"building menus",[29,35948,35949],{},"showing positions in a list",[29,35951,35952],{},"looping over both index and value together",[14,35954,274],{},[47,35956,35958],{"className":49,"code":35957,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[18,35959,35960,35995,35999,36029],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,35961,35962,35964,35966,35968,35970,35973,35975,35977,35979,35982,35984,35986,35988,35991,35993],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,35963,29404],{"class":284},[56,35965,288],{"class":75},[56,35967,3080],{"class":66},[56,35969,938],{"class":937},[56,35971,35972],{"class":941},"Wash dishes",[56,35974,938],{"class":937},[56,35976,1080],{"class":66},[56,35978,1448],{"class":937},[56,35980,35981],{"class":941},"Study Python",[56,35983,938],{"class":937},[56,35985,1080],{"class":66},[56,35987,1448],{"class":937},[56,35989,35990],{"class":941},"Go for a walk",[56,35992,938],{"class":937},[56,35994,3093],{"class":66},[56,35996,35997],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,35998,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,36000,36001,36003,36005,36007,36010,36012,36014,36016,36019,36021,36023,36025,36027],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,36002,5434],{"class":3341},[56,36004,263],{"class":284},[56,36006,1080],{"class":66},[56,36008,36009],{"class":284}," task ",[56,36011,3348],{"class":3341},[56,36013,35342],{"class":62},[56,36015,67],{"class":66},[56,36017,36018],{"class":237},"tasks",[56,36020,1080],{"class":66},[56,36022,35563],{"class":8663},[56,36024,288],{"class":75},[56,36026,1077],{"class":79},[56,36028,7826],{"class":66},[56,36030,36031,36033,36035,36037,36039,36041,36043,36045,36047,36049,36052,36054,36056],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,36032,7552],{"class":62},[56,36034,67],{"class":66},[56,36036,21797],{"class":124},[56,36038,938],{"class":941},[56,36040,8766],{"class":79},[56,36042,309],{"class":237},[56,36044,21806],{"class":79},[56,36046,27819],{"class":941},[56,36048,8766],{"class":79},[56,36050,36051],{"class":237},"task",[56,36053,21806],{"class":79},[56,36055,938],{"class":941},[56,36057,241],{"class":66},[14,36059,130],{},[47,36061,36063],{"className":49,"code":36062,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[18,36064,36065,36077,36089],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36066,36067,36069,36071,36074],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36068,1077],{"class":79},[56,36070,497],{"class":66},[56,36072,36073],{"class":24254}," Wash",[56,36075,36076],{"class":284}," dishes\n",[56,36078,36079,36081,36083,36086],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,36080,115],{"class":79},[56,36082,497],{"class":66},[56,36084,36085],{"class":24254}," Study",[56,36087,36088],{"class":284}," Python\n",[56,36090,36091,36093,36095,36098,36100],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,36092,121],{"class":79},[56,36094,497],{"class":66},[56,36096,36097],{"class":24254}," Go",[56,36099,3342],{"class":3341},[56,36101,36102],{"class":284}," a walk\n",[14,36104,36105,36106,36108,36109,497],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[18,36107,35260],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[18,36110,36111],{},"range(len(...))",[14,36113,36114,36115,497],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[372,36116,36118,36119,36121],{"href":36117},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[18,36120,35260],{}," in Python",[42,36123,36125,36126,36128],{"id":36124},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[18,36127,35584],{}," argument",[14,36130,36131,36132,36134],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[18,36133,35584],{}," argument.",[14,36136,36137,36138,10583,36140,971],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[18,36139,1077],{},[18,36141,181],{},[47,36143,36145],{"className":49,"code":36144,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[18,36146,36147,36179,36183,36211],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36148,36149,36151,36153,36155,36157,36159,36161,36163,36165,36167,36169,36171,36173,36175,36177],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36150,12572],{"class":284},[56,36152,288],{"class":75},[56,36154,3080],{"class":66},[56,36156,938],{"class":937},[56,36158,12589],{"class":941},[56,36160,938],{"class":937},[56,36162,1080],{"class":66},[56,36164,1448],{"class":937},[56,36166,16956],{"class":941},[56,36168,938],{"class":937},[56,36170,1080],{"class":66},[56,36172,1448],{"class":937},[56,36174,12606],{"class":941},[56,36176,938],{"class":937},[56,36178,3093],{"class":66},[56,36180,36181],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,36182,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,36184,36185,36187,36189,36191,36193,36195,36197,36199,36201,36203,36205,36207,36209],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,36186,5434],{"class":3341},[56,36188,35332],{"class":284},[56,36190,1080],{"class":66},[56,36192,35337],{"class":284},[56,36194,3348],{"class":3341},[56,36196,35342],{"class":62},[56,36198,67],{"class":66},[56,36200,17003],{"class":237},[56,36202,1080],{"class":66},[56,36204,35563],{"class":8663},[56,36206,288],{"class":75},[56,36208,1077],{"class":79},[56,36210,7826],{"class":66},[56,36212,36213,36215,36217,36219,36221,36223],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,36214,7552],{"class":62},[56,36216,67],{"class":66},[56,36218,35357],{"class":237},[56,36220,1080],{"class":66},[56,36222,35362],{"class":237},[56,36224,241],{"class":66},[14,36226,130],{},[47,36228,36230],{"className":49,"code":36229,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[18,36231,36232,36238,36244],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36233,36234,36236],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36235,1077],{"class":79},[56,36237,35378],{"class":284},[56,36239,36240,36242],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,36241,115],{"class":79},[56,36243,35385],{"class":284},[56,36245,36246,36248],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,36247,121],{"class":79},[56,36249,35392],{"class":284},[14,36251,36252],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[14,36254,36255],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[42,36257,24862],{"id":24861},[14,36259,24865,36260,497],{},[18,36261,35260],{},[615,36263,36265],{"id":36264},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[14,36267,36268],{},"In this loop:",[47,36270,36272],{"className":49,"code":36271,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[18,36273,36274,36294,36298,36318],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36275,36276,36278,36280,36282,36284,36286,36288,36290,36292],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36277,3075],{"class":284},[56,36279,288],{"class":75},[56,36281,3080],{"class":66},[56,36283,406],{"class":79},[56,36285,1080],{"class":66},[56,36287,7272],{"class":79},[56,36289,1080],{"class":66},[56,36291,7277],{"class":79},[56,36293,3093],{"class":66},[56,36295,36296],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,36297,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,36299,36300,36302,36304,36306,36308,36310,36312,36314,36316],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,36301,5434],{"class":3341},[56,36303,35332],{"class":284},[56,36305,1080],{"class":66},[56,36307,21087],{"class":284},[56,36309,3348],{"class":3341},[56,36311,35342],{"class":62},[56,36313,67],{"class":66},[56,36315,3107],{"class":237},[56,36317,7826],{"class":66},[56,36319,36320,36322,36324,36326,36328,36330],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,36321,7552],{"class":62},[56,36323,67],{"class":66},[56,36325,35357],{"class":237},[56,36327,1080],{"class":66},[56,36329,7918],{"class":237},[56,36331,241],{"class":66},[26,36333,36334,36344],{},[29,36335,36336,4255,36338,255,36340,255,36342],{},[18,36337,35357],{},[18,36339,181],{},[18,36341,1077],{},[18,36343,115],{},[29,36345,36346,4255,36348,255,36350,255,36352],{},[18,36347,551],{},[18,36349,406],{},[18,36351,15253],{},[18,36353,36354],{},"30",[14,36356,36357],{},"These are different things.",[615,36359,36361],{"id":36360},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[14,36363,36364,36365,36367],{},"Each item from ",[18,36366,35260],{}," is a pair.",[14,36369,6167],{},[47,36371,36373],{"className":49,"code":36372,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[18,36374,36375,36399,36403,36423],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36376,36377,36379,36381,36383,36385,36387,36389,36391,36393,36395,36397],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36378,7261],{"class":284},[56,36380,288],{"class":75},[56,36382,3080],{"class":66},[56,36384,938],{"class":937},[56,36386,238],{"class":941},[56,36388,938],{"class":937},[56,36390,1080],{"class":66},[56,36392,1448],{"class":937},[56,36394,11239],{"class":941},[56,36396,938],{"class":937},[56,36398,3093],{"class":66},[56,36400,36401],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,36402,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,36404,36405,36407,36409,36411,36413,36415,36417,36419,36421],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,36406,5434],{"class":3341},[56,36408,35641],{"class":284},[56,36410,1080],{"class":66},[56,36412,5437],{"class":284},[56,36414,3348],{"class":3341},[56,36416,35342],{"class":62},[56,36418,67],{"class":66},[56,36420,7292],{"class":237},[56,36422,7826],{"class":66},[56,36424,36425,36427,36429,36431,36433,36435],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,36426,7552],{"class":62},[56,36428,67],{"class":66},[56,36430,35666],{"class":237},[56,36432,1080],{"class":66},[56,36434,29013],{"class":237},[56,36436,241],{"class":66},[14,36438,36439],{},"But this causes an error:",[47,36441,36443],{"className":49,"code":36442,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[18,36444,36445,36469,36473,36498],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36446,36447,36449,36451,36453,36455,36457,36459,36461,36463,36465,36467],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36448,7261],{"class":284},[56,36450,288],{"class":75},[56,36452,3080],{"class":66},[56,36454,938],{"class":937},[56,36456,238],{"class":941},[56,36458,938],{"class":937},[56,36460,1080],{"class":66},[56,36462,1448],{"class":937},[56,36464,11239],{"class":941},[56,36466,938],{"class":937},[56,36468,3093],{"class":66},[56,36470,36471],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,36472,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,36474,36475,36477,36479,36481,36483,36485,36488,36490,36492,36494,36496],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,36476,5434],{"class":3341},[56,36478,35641],{"class":284},[56,36480,1080],{"class":66},[56,36482,29013],{"class":284},[56,36484,1080],{"class":66},[56,36486,36487],{"class":284}," extra ",[56,36489,3348],{"class":3341},[56,36491,35342],{"class":62},[56,36493,67],{"class":66},[56,36495,7292],{"class":237},[56,36497,7826],{"class":66},[56,36499,36500,36502,36504,36506,36508,36510,36512,36515],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,36501,7552],{"class":62},[56,36503,67],{"class":66},[56,36505,35666],{"class":237},[56,36507,1080],{"class":66},[56,36509,29013],{"class":237},[56,36511,1080],{"class":66},[56,36513,36514],{"class":237}," extra",[56,36516,241],{"class":66},[14,36518,28567,36519,36521],{},[18,36520,35260],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[615,36523,36525,36527],{"id":36524},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[18,36526,35260],{}," only works with iterable objects",[14,36529,36530],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[14,36532,36533],{},"Example with a string:",[47,36535,36537],{"className":49,"code":36536,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[18,36538,36539,36565],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36540,36541,36543,36545,36547,36550,36552,36554,36556,36558,36561,36563],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36542,5434],{"class":3341},[56,36544,35332],{"class":284},[56,36546,1080],{"class":66},[56,36548,36549],{"class":284}," char ",[56,36551,3348],{"class":3341},[56,36553,35342],{"class":62},[56,36555,67],{"class":66},[56,36557,938],{"class":937},[56,36559,36560],{"class":941},"cat",[56,36562,938],{"class":937},[56,36564,7826],{"class":66},[56,36566,36567,36569,36571,36573,36575,36578],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,36568,7552],{"class":62},[56,36570,67],{"class":66},[56,36572,35357],{"class":237},[56,36574,1080],{"class":66},[56,36576,36577],{"class":237}," char",[56,36579,241],{"class":66},[14,36581,130],{},[47,36583,36585],{"className":49,"code":36584,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[18,36586,36587,36593,36599],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36588,36589,36591],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36590,181],{"class":79},[56,36592,35701],{"class":284},[56,36594,36595,36597],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,36596,1077],{"class":79},[56,36598,35687],{"class":284},[56,36600,36601,36603],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,36602,115],{"class":79},[56,36604,36605],{"class":284}," t\n",[14,36607,36608,36609,497],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[372,36610,4609],{"href":5062},[615,36612,36614],{"id":36613},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[14,36616,36617,36618,497],{},"You do not always need ",[18,36619,35260],{},[14,36621,36622,36623,36625],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[18,36624,5434],{}," loop:",[47,36627,36629],{"className":49,"code":36628,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[18,36630,36631,36663,36667,36679],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36632,36633,36635,36637,36639,36641,36643,36645,36647,36649,36651,36653,36655,36657,36659,36661],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36634,12572],{"class":284},[56,36636,288],{"class":75},[56,36638,3080],{"class":66},[56,36640,938],{"class":937},[56,36642,12589],{"class":941},[56,36644,938],{"class":937},[56,36646,1080],{"class":66},[56,36648,1448],{"class":937},[56,36650,16956],{"class":941},[56,36652,938],{"class":937},[56,36654,1080],{"class":66},[56,36656,1448],{"class":937},[56,36658,12606],{"class":941},[56,36660,938],{"class":937},[56,36662,3093],{"class":66},[56,36664,36665],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,36666,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,36668,36669,36671,36673,36675,36677],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,36670,5434],{"class":3341},[56,36672,35337],{"class":284},[56,36674,3348],{"class":3341},[56,36676,12620],{"class":284},[56,36678,5871],{"class":66},[56,36680,36681,36683,36685,36687],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,36682,7552],{"class":62},[56,36684,67],{"class":66},[56,36686,32399],{"class":237},[56,36688,241],{"class":66},[14,36690,36691],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[42,36693,912],{"id":911},[14,36695,36696],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[26,36698,36699,36704,36710,36715],{},[29,36700,22604,36701,36703],{},[18,36702,35260],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[29,36705,36706,36707,36709],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[18,36708,181],{}," by default",[29,36711,7902,36712,36714],{},[18,36713,35260],{}," when only values are needed",[29,36716,36717,36718,8191,36720],{},"Confusing ",[18,36719,35260],{},[18,36721,35710],{},[14,36723,36724],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[47,36726,36728],{"className":49,"code":36727,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[18,36729,36730,36752,36779,36813,36846],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36731,36732,36734,36736,36738,36740,36742,36744,36746,36748,36750],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36733,63],{"class":62},[56,36735,67],{"class":66},[56,36737,35554],{"class":62},[56,36739,1074],{"class":66},[56,36741,406],{"class":79},[56,36743,1080],{"class":66},[56,36745,7272],{"class":79},[56,36747,1080],{"class":66},[56,36749,7277],{"class":79},[56,36751,1090],{"class":66},[56,36753,36754,36756,36758,36760,36762,36764,36766,36768,36770,36772,36774,36776],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,36755,63],{"class":62},[56,36757,67],{"class":66},[56,36759,7577],{"class":989},[56,36761,67],{"class":66},[56,36763,35554],{"class":62},[56,36765,1074],{"class":66},[56,36767,406],{"class":79},[56,36769,1080],{"class":66},[56,36771,7272],{"class":79},[56,36773,1080],{"class":66},[56,36775,7277],{"class":79},[56,36777,36778],{"class":66},"])))\n",[56,36780,36781,36783,36785,36787,36789,36791,36793,36795,36797,36799,36801,36803,36805,36807,36809,36811],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,36782,63],{"class":62},[56,36784,67],{"class":66},[56,36786,7577],{"class":989},[56,36788,67],{"class":66},[56,36790,35554],{"class":62},[56,36792,1074],{"class":66},[56,36794,406],{"class":79},[56,36796,1080],{"class":66},[56,36798,7272],{"class":79},[56,36800,1080],{"class":66},[56,36802,7277],{"class":79},[56,36804,17563],{"class":66},[56,36806,35563],{"class":8663},[56,36808,288],{"class":75},[56,36810,1077],{"class":79},[56,36812,1000],{"class":66},[56,36814,36815,36817,36819,36821,36823,36825,36827,36829,36831,36833,36835,36837,36839,36841,36843],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,36816,5434],{"class":3341},[56,36818,35641],{"class":284},[56,36820,1080],{"class":66},[56,36822,21087],{"class":284},[56,36824,3348],{"class":3341},[56,36826,35342],{"class":62},[56,36828,1074],{"class":66},[56,36830,1394],{"class":937},[56,36832,372],{"class":941},[56,36834,1394],{"class":937},[56,36836,1080],{"class":66},[56,36838,1389],{"class":937},[56,36840,4232],{"class":941},[56,36842,1394],{"class":937},[56,36844,36845],{"class":66},"]):\n",[56,36847,36848,36850,36852,36854,36856,36858],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,36849,7552],{"class":62},[56,36851,67],{"class":66},[56,36853,35666],{"class":237},[56,36855,1080],{"class":66},[56,36857,7918],{"class":237},[56,36859,241],{"class":66},[14,36861,16458],{},[47,36863,36865],{"className":49,"code":36864,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[18,36866,36867,36887,36919,36951,36957],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,36868,36869,36871,36873,36875,36878,36882,36885],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,36870,1383],{"class":75},[56,36872,35554],{"class":62},[56,36874,24121],{"class":989},[56,36876,36877],{"class":284}," at ",[56,36879,36881],{"class":36880},"srjyR","0x",[56,36883,36884],{"class":33962},"...",[56,36886,1397],{"class":75},[56,36888,36889,36891,36893,36895,36897,36899,36901,36903,36905,36907,36909,36911,36913,36915,36917],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,36890,21243],{"class":66},[56,36892,181],{"class":79},[56,36894,1080],{"class":66},[56,36896,5481],{"class":79},[56,36898,8721],{"class":66},[56,36900,8724],{"class":66},[56,36902,1077],{"class":79},[56,36904,1080],{"class":66},[56,36906,7272],{"class":79},[56,36908,8721],{"class":66},[56,36910,8724],{"class":66},[56,36912,115],{"class":79},[56,36914,1080],{"class":66},[56,36916,7277],{"class":79},[56,36918,8737],{"class":66},[56,36920,36921,36923,36925,36927,36929,36931,36933,36935,36937,36939,36941,36943,36945,36947,36949],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,36922,21243],{"class":66},[56,36924,1077],{"class":79},[56,36926,1080],{"class":66},[56,36928,5481],{"class":79},[56,36930,8721],{"class":66},[56,36932,8724],{"class":66},[56,36934,115],{"class":79},[56,36936,1080],{"class":66},[56,36938,7272],{"class":79},[56,36940,8721],{"class":66},[56,36942,8724],{"class":66},[56,36944,121],{"class":79},[56,36946,1080],{"class":66},[56,36948,7277],{"class":79},[56,36950,8737],{"class":66},[56,36952,36953,36955],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,36954,181],{"class":79},[56,36956,35687],{"class":284},[56,36958,36959,36961],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,36960,1077],{"class":79},[56,36962,35694],{"class":284},[42,36964,1553],{"id":1552},[615,36966,4615,36968,4618],{"id":36967},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[18,36969,35260],{},[14,36971,36972],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[615,36974,12199,36976,36978],{"id":36975},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[18,36977,35260],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[14,36980,36981,36982,36984,36985,36988],{},"It starts at ",[18,36983,181],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[18,36986,36987],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[615,36990,20923,36992,10583,36994,571],{"id":36991},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[18,36993,35260],{},[18,36995,36996],{},"range(len(list))",[14,36998,36105,36999,37001],{},[18,37000,35260],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[615,37003,4643,37005,37007],{"id":37004},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[18,37006,35260],{}," be used with strings?",[14,37009,37010,37011,37013],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[18,37012,35260],{}," can return each character with its index.",[42,37015,1601],{"id":1600},[26,37017,37018,37022,37028,37035],{},[29,37019,37020],{},[372,37021,35540],{"href":35539},[29,37023,37024],{},[372,37025,3031,37026,1610],{"href":35707},[18,37027,35710],{},[29,37029,37030],{},[372,37031,37032,37033,36121],{"href":36117},"How to use ",[18,37034,35260],{},[29,37036,37037],{},[372,37038,4690],{"href":5062},[1633,37040,37041],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":37043},[37044,37045,37047,37048,37050,37052,37054,37061,37062,37072],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":35400,"depth":86,"text":37046},"What enumerate() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":35713,"depth":86,"text":37049},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":35928,"depth":86,"text":37051},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36124,"depth":86,"text":37053},"Using the start argument",{"id":24861,"depth":86,"text":24862,"children":37055},[37056,37057,37058,37060],{"id":36264,"depth":102,"text":36265},{"id":36360,"depth":102,"text":36361},{"id":36524,"depth":102,"text":37059},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36613,"depth":102,"text":36614},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":37063},[37064,37066,37068,37070],{"id":36967,"depth":102,"text":37065},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":36975,"depth":102,"text":37067},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":36991,"depth":102,"text":37069},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37004,"depth":102,"text":37071},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35252,"description":37073},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37080,"title":37081,"body":37082,"description":39598,"extension":1665,"meta":39599,"navigation":316,"path":39600,"seo":39601,"stem":39602,"__hash__":39603},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37083,"toc":39555},[37084,37090,37095,37098,37106,37120,37122,37213,37221,37226,37231,37233,37249,37251,37330,37332,37349,37355,37359,37361,37382,37386,37389,37401,37405,37408,37411,37428,37431,37507,37509,37526,37531,37535,37543,37546,37561,37563,37652,37654,37699,37702,37706,37709,37788,37790,37812,37815,37822,37827,37830,37933,37935,37960,37963,37970,37976,37981,37984,37995,38101,38103,38124,38132,38139,38145,38164,38169,38172,38191,38193,38278,38280,38309,38312,38317,38322,38325,38336,38338,38427,38429,38449,38455,38561,38563,38583,38586,38670,38672,38692,38699,38701,38705,38711,38714,38771,38774,38777,38838,38847,38850,38853,38881,38884,38944,38946,38963,38967,38970,39048,39050,39070,39073,39148,39152,39155,39157,39166,39171,39173,39224,39232,39244,39249,39310,39312,39329,39333,39396,39398,39423,39431,39433,39439,39445,39452,39460,39466,39469,39476,39486,39492,39498,39501,39518,39524,39526,39552],[10,37085,3031,37087,3035],{"id":37086},"python-filter-function-explained",[18,37088,37089],{},"filter()",[14,37091,37092,37094],{},[18,37093,37089],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[14,37096,37097],{},"It takes:",[26,37099,37100,37103],{},[29,37101,37102],{},"a function that checks each item",[29,37104,37105],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[14,37107,37108,37109,37112,37113,37116,37117,37119],{},"The result is ",[3205,37110,37111],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[18,37114,37115],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[18,37118,24285],{}," to see the values.",[42,37121,45],{"id":44},[47,37123,37125],{"className":49,"code":37124,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[18,37126,37127,37160,37196],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37128,37129,37131,37133,37135,37137,37139,37141,37143,37145,37147,37149,37151,37153,37155,37158],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37130,3075],{"class":284},[56,37132,288],{"class":75},[56,37134,3080],{"class":66},[56,37136,1077],{"class":79},[56,37138,1080],{"class":66},[56,37140,1083],{"class":79},[56,37142,1080],{"class":66},[56,37144,529],{"class":79},[56,37146,1080],{"class":66},[56,37148,535],{"class":79},[56,37150,1080],{"class":66},[56,37152,4075],{"class":79},[56,37154,1080],{"class":66},[56,37156,37157],{"class":79}," 6",[56,37159,3093],{"class":66},[56,37161,37162,37164,37166,37169,37171,37174,37178,37180,37182,37184,37186,37188,37190,37192,37194],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,37163,299],{"class":284},[56,37165,288],{"class":75},[56,37167,37168],{"class":62}," filter",[56,37170,67],{"class":66},[56,37172,37173],{"class":124},"lambda",[56,37175,37177],{"class":37176},"sFwrP"," x",[56,37179,971],{"class":66},[56,37181,3345],{"class":237},[56,37183,5881],{"class":75},[56,37185,1083],{"class":79},[56,37187,5886],{"class":75},[56,37189,3297],{"class":79},[56,37191,1080],{"class":66},[56,37193,3731],{"class":237},[56,37195,241],{"class":66},[56,37197,37198,37200,37202,37204,37206,37208,37210],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,37199,63],{"class":62},[56,37201,67],{"class":66},[56,37203,7577],{"class":989},[56,37205,67],{"class":66},[56,37207,338],{"class":237},[56,37209,4836],{"class":66},[56,37211,37212],{"class":3123},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[14,37214,37215,37217,37218,37220],{},[18,37216,37089],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[18,37219,24285],{}," to see the results.",[42,37222,3138,37224,3141],{"id":37223},"what-filter-does",[18,37225,37089],{},[14,37227,37228,37230],{},[18,37229,37089],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[14,37232,168],{},[26,37234,37235,37238,37244],{},[29,37236,37237],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[29,37239,37240,37241,37243],{},"if the test returns ",[18,37242,3060],{},", the item is kept",[29,37245,37240,37246,37248],{},[18,37247,3134],{},", the item is removed",[14,37250,274],{},[47,37252,37254],{"className":49,"code":37253,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,37255,37256,37284,37288,37316],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37257,37258,37260,37262,37264,37266,37268,37270,37272,37274,37276,37278,37280,37282],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37259,3075],{"class":284},[56,37261,288],{"class":75},[56,37263,3080],{"class":66},[56,37265,1077],{"class":79},[56,37267,1080],{"class":66},[56,37269,1083],{"class":79},[56,37271,1080],{"class":66},[56,37273,529],{"class":79},[56,37275,1080],{"class":66},[56,37277,535],{"class":79},[56,37279,1080],{"class":66},[56,37281,4075],{"class":79},[56,37283,3093],{"class":66},[56,37285,37286],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,37287,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,37289,37290,37292,37294,37296,37298,37300,37302,37304,37306,37308,37310,37312,37314],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,37291,299],{"class":284},[56,37293,288],{"class":75},[56,37295,37168],{"class":62},[56,37297,67],{"class":66},[56,37299,37173],{"class":124},[56,37301,37177],{"class":37176},[56,37303,971],{"class":66},[56,37305,3345],{"class":237},[56,37307,3720],{"class":75},[56,37309,529],{"class":79},[56,37311,1080],{"class":66},[56,37313,3731],{"class":237},[56,37315,241],{"class":66},[56,37317,37318,37320,37322,37324,37326,37328],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,37319,63],{"class":62},[56,37321,67],{"class":66},[56,37323,7577],{"class":989},[56,37325,67],{"class":66},[56,37327,338],{"class":237},[56,37329,83],{"class":66},[14,37331,130],{},[47,37333,37335],{"className":49,"code":37334,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[4, 5]\n",[18,37336,37337],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37338,37339,37341,37343,37345,37347],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37340,3366],{"class":66},[56,37342,584],{"class":79},[56,37344,1080],{"class":66},[56,37346,4075],{"class":79},[56,37348,3093],{"class":66},[14,37350,37351,37352,37354],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[18,37353,121],{}," are kept.",[42,37356,37358],{"id":37357},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[14,37360,223],{},[47,37362,37364],{"className":49,"code":37363,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[18,37365,37366],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37367,37368,37370,37372,37375,37377,37380],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37369,37115],{"class":62},[56,37371,67],{"class":66},[56,37373,37374],{"class":237},"function",[56,37376,1080],{"class":66},[56,37378,37379],{"class":237}," iterable",[56,37381,241],{"class":66},[615,37383,37384],{"id":37374},[18,37385,37374],{},[14,37387,37388],{},"This is the test function.",[26,37390,37391,37394],{},[29,37392,37393],{},"It receives one item at a time",[29,37395,37396,37397,964,37399],{},"It should return ",[18,37398,3060],{},[18,37400,3134],{},[615,37402,37403],{"id":3182},[18,37404,3182],{},[14,37406,37407],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[14,37409,37410],{},"It can be:",[26,37412,37413,37416,37419,37422,37425],{},[29,37414,37415],{},"a list",[29,37417,37418],{},"a tuple",[29,37420,37421],{},"a string",[29,37423,37424],{},"a set",[29,37426,37427],{},"another iterable object",[14,37429,37430],{},"Example with a tuple:",[47,37432,37434],{"className":49,"code":37433,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,37435,37436,37461,37465,37493],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37437,37438,37440,37442,37444,37446,37448,37451,37453,37455,37457,37459],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37439,3075],{"class":284},[56,37441,288],{"class":75},[56,37443,8724],{"class":66},[56,37445,406],{"class":79},[56,37447,1080],{"class":66},[56,37449,37450],{"class":79}," 15",[56,37452,1080],{"class":66},[56,37454,7272],{"class":79},[56,37456,1080],{"class":66},[56,37458,8794],{"class":79},[56,37460,241],{"class":66},[56,37462,37463],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,37464,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,37466,37467,37469,37471,37473,37475,37477,37479,37481,37483,37485,37487,37489,37491],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,37468,299],{"class":284},[56,37470,288],{"class":75},[56,37472,37168],{"class":62},[56,37474,67],{"class":66},[56,37476,37173],{"class":124},[56,37478,37177],{"class":37176},[56,37480,971],{"class":66},[56,37482,3345],{"class":237},[56,37484,4571],{"class":75},[56,37486,7272],{"class":79},[56,37488,1080],{"class":66},[56,37490,3731],{"class":237},[56,37492,241],{"class":66},[56,37494,37495,37497,37499,37501,37503,37505],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,37496,63],{"class":62},[56,37498,67],{"class":66},[56,37500,7577],{"class":989},[56,37502,67],{"class":66},[56,37504,338],{"class":237},[56,37506,83],{"class":66},[14,37508,130],{},[47,37510,37512],{"className":49,"code":37511,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[20, 25]\n",[18,37513,37514],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37515,37516,37518,37520,37522,37524],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37517,3366],{"class":66},[56,37519,15253],{"class":79},[56,37521,1080],{"class":66},[56,37523,8794],{"class":79},[56,37525,3093],{"class":66},[14,37527,37528,37529,497],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[372,37530,4609],{"href":5062},[42,37532,37534],{"id":37533},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[14,37536,37537,37538,21478,37540,497],{},"In Python 3, ",[18,37539,37089],{},[3205,37541,37542],{},"filter object",[14,37544,37545],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[26,37547,37548,37551,37556],{},[29,37549,37550],{},"loop through it",[29,37552,37553,37554],{},"convert it with ",[18,37555,24285],{},[29,37557,37553,37558],{},[18,37559,37560],{},"tuple()",[14,37562,274],{},[47,37564,37566],{"className":49,"code":37565,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,37567,37568,37610,37614,37624,37638],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37569,37570,37572,37574,37576,37578,37580,37582,37584,37586,37588,37590,37592,37594,37596,37598,37600,37602,37604,37606,37608],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37571,299],{"class":284},[56,37573,288],{"class":75},[56,37575,37168],{"class":62},[56,37577,67],{"class":66},[56,37579,37173],{"class":124},[56,37581,37177],{"class":37176},[56,37583,971],{"class":66},[56,37585,3345],{"class":237},[56,37587,3720],{"class":75},[56,37589,1083],{"class":79},[56,37591,1080],{"class":66},[56,37593,3080],{"class":66},[56,37595,1077],{"class":79},[56,37597,1080],{"class":66},[56,37599,1083],{"class":79},[56,37601,1080],{"class":66},[56,37603,529],{"class":79},[56,37605,1080],{"class":66},[56,37607,535],{"class":79},[56,37609,3354],{"class":66},[56,37611,37612],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,37613,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,37615,37616,37618,37620,37622],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,37617,63],{"class":62},[56,37619,67],{"class":66},[56,37621,338],{"class":237},[56,37623,241],{"class":66},[56,37625,37626,37628,37630,37632,37634,37636],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,37627,63],{"class":62},[56,37629,67],{"class":66},[56,37631,1314],{"class":989},[56,37633,67],{"class":66},[56,37635,338],{"class":237},[56,37637,83],{"class":66},[56,37639,37640,37642,37644,37646,37648,37650],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,37641,63],{"class":62},[56,37643,67],{"class":66},[56,37645,7577],{"class":989},[56,37647,67],{"class":66},[56,37649,338],{"class":237},[56,37651,83],{"class":66},[14,37653,130],{},[47,37655,37657],{"className":49,"code":37656,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[18,37658,37659,37673,37687],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37660,37661,37663,37665,37667,37669,37671],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37662,1383],{"class":75},[56,37664,37115],{"class":62},[56,37666,24121],{"class":989},[56,37668,36877],{"class":284},[56,37670,36884],{"class":33962},[56,37672,1397],{"class":75},[56,37674,37675,37677,37679,37681,37683,37685],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,37676,1383],{"class":75},[56,37678,1386],{"class":124},[56,37680,1389],{"class":937},[56,37682,37115],{"class":941},[56,37684,1394],{"class":937},[56,37686,1397],{"class":75},[56,37688,37689,37691,37693,37695,37697],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,37690,3366],{"class":66},[56,37692,121],{"class":79},[56,37694,1080],{"class":66},[56,37696,535],{"class":79},[56,37698,3093],{"class":66},[14,37700,37701],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[615,37703,37705],{"id":37704},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[14,37707,37708],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[47,37710,37712],{"className":49,"code":37711,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,37713,37714,37756,37760,37774],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37715,37716,37718,37720,37722,37724,37726,37728,37730,37732,37734,37736,37738,37740,37742,37744,37746,37748,37750,37752,37754],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37717,299],{"class":284},[56,37719,288],{"class":75},[56,37721,37168],{"class":62},[56,37723,67],{"class":66},[56,37725,37173],{"class":124},[56,37727,37177],{"class":37176},[56,37729,971],{"class":66},[56,37731,3345],{"class":237},[56,37733,3720],{"class":75},[56,37735,1083],{"class":79},[56,37737,1080],{"class":66},[56,37739,3080],{"class":66},[56,37741,1077],{"class":79},[56,37743,1080],{"class":66},[56,37745,1083],{"class":79},[56,37747,1080],{"class":66},[56,37749,529],{"class":79},[56,37751,1080],{"class":66},[56,37753,535],{"class":79},[56,37755,3354],{"class":66},[56,37757,37758],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,37759,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,37761,37762,37764,37766,37768,37770,37772],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,37763,63],{"class":62},[56,37765,67],{"class":66},[56,37767,7577],{"class":989},[56,37769,67],{"class":66},[56,37771,338],{"class":237},[56,37773,83],{"class":66},[56,37775,37776,37778,37780,37782,37784,37786],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,37777,63],{"class":62},[56,37779,67],{"class":66},[56,37781,7577],{"class":989},[56,37783,67],{"class":66},[56,37785,338],{"class":237},[56,37787,83],{"class":66},[14,37789,130],{},[47,37791,37793],{"className":49,"code":37792,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[18,37794,37795,37807],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37796,37797,37799,37801,37803,37805],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37798,3366],{"class":66},[56,37800,121],{"class":79},[56,37802,1080],{"class":66},[56,37804,535],{"class":79},[56,37806,3093],{"class":66},[56,37808,37809],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,37810,37811],{"class":66},"[]\n",[14,37813,37814],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[42,37816,7902,37818,8191,37820],{"id":37817},"using-filter-with-lambda",[18,37819,37089],{},[18,37821,37173],{},[14,37823,14687,37824,37826],{},[18,37825,37173],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[14,37828,37829],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[47,37831,37833],{"className":49,"code":37832,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,37834,37835,37877,37881,37919],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37836,37837,37839,37841,37843,37845,37847,37849,37851,37853,37856,37858,37860,37862,37864,37866,37868,37870,37873,37875],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37838,3537],{"class":284},[56,37840,288],{"class":75},[56,37842,3080],{"class":66},[56,37844,938],{"class":937},[56,37846,3546],{"class":941},[56,37848,938],{"class":937},[56,37850,1080],{"class":66},[56,37852,1448],{"class":937},[56,37854,37855],{"class":941},"kiwi",[56,37857,938],{"class":937},[56,37859,1080],{"class":66},[56,37861,1448],{"class":937},[56,37863,3555],{"class":941},[56,37865,938],{"class":937},[56,37867,1080],{"class":66},[56,37869,1448],{"class":937},[56,37871,37872],{"class":941},"fig",[56,37874,938],{"class":937},[56,37876,3093],{"class":66},[56,37878,37879],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,37880,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,37882,37883,37885,37887,37889,37891,37893,37896,37898,37901,37903,37906,37908,37911,37913,37915,37917],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,37884,299],{"class":284},[56,37886,288],{"class":75},[56,37888,37168],{"class":62},[56,37890,67],{"class":66},[56,37892,37173],{"class":124},[56,37894,37895],{"class":37176}," word",[56,37897,971],{"class":66},[56,37899,37900],{"class":62}," len",[56,37902,67],{"class":66},[56,37904,37905],{"class":237},"word",[56,37907,3120],{"class":66},[56,37909,37910],{"class":75}," >",[56,37912,535],{"class":79},[56,37914,1080],{"class":66},[56,37916,5645],{"class":237},[56,37918,241],{"class":66},[56,37920,37921,37923,37925,37927,37929,37931],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,37922,63],{"class":62},[56,37924,67],{"class":66},[56,37926,7577],{"class":989},[56,37928,67],{"class":66},[56,37930,338],{"class":237},[56,37932,83],{"class":66},[14,37934,130],{},[47,37936,37938],{"className":49,"code":37937,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[18,37939,37940],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,37941,37942,37944,37946,37948,37950,37952,37954,37956,37958],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,37943,3366],{"class":66},[56,37945,1394],{"class":937},[56,37947,3546],{"class":941},[56,37949,1394],{"class":937},[56,37951,1080],{"class":66},[56,37953,1389],{"class":937},[56,37955,3555],{"class":941},[56,37957,1394],{"class":937},[56,37959,3093],{"class":66},[14,37961,37962],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[14,37964,37965,37966,497],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[372,37967,37969],{"href":37968},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[42,37971,7902,37973,37975],{"id":37972},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[18,37974,37089],{}," with a named function",[14,37977,37978,37979,497],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[18,37980,37173],{},[14,37982,37983],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[26,37985,37986,37989,37992],{},[29,37987,37988],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[29,37990,37991],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[29,37993,37994],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[47,37996,37998],{"className":49,"code":37997,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,37999,38000,38013,38028,38032,38064,38083,38087],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38001,38002,38004,38007,38009,38011],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38003,34361],{"class":124},[56,38005,38006],{"class":34364}," is_even",[56,38008,67],{"class":66},[56,38010,309],{"class":37176},[56,38012,7826],{"class":66},[56,38014,38015,38017,38019,38021,38023,38025],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,38016,34372],{"class":3341},[56,38018,5864],{"class":284},[56,38020,5881],{"class":75},[56,38022,1083],{"class":79},[56,38024,5886],{"class":75},[56,38026,38027],{"class":79}," 0\n",[56,38029,38030],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,38031,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,38033,38034,38036,38038,38040,38042,38044,38046,38048,38050,38052,38054,38056,38058,38060,38062],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,38035,3075],{"class":284},[56,38037,288],{"class":75},[56,38039,3080],{"class":66},[56,38041,1077],{"class":79},[56,38043,1080],{"class":66},[56,38045,1083],{"class":79},[56,38047,1080],{"class":66},[56,38049,529],{"class":79},[56,38051,1080],{"class":66},[56,38053,535],{"class":79},[56,38055,1080],{"class":66},[56,38057,4075],{"class":79},[56,38059,1080],{"class":66},[56,38061,37157],{"class":79},[56,38063,3093],{"class":66},[56,38065,38066,38068,38070,38072,38074,38077,38079,38081],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,38067,299],{"class":284},[56,38069,288],{"class":75},[56,38071,37168],{"class":62},[56,38073,67],{"class":66},[56,38075,38076],{"class":237},"is_even",[56,38078,1080],{"class":66},[56,38080,3731],{"class":237},[56,38082,241],{"class":66},[56,38084,38085],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,38086,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,38088,38089,38091,38093,38095,38097,38099],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,38090,63],{"class":62},[56,38092,67],{"class":66},[56,38094,7577],{"class":989},[56,38096,67],{"class":66},[56,38098,338],{"class":237},[56,38100,83],{"class":66},[14,38102,130],{},[47,38104,38106],{"className":49,"code":38105,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[18,38107,38108],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38109,38110,38112,38114,38116,38118,38120,38122],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38111,3366],{"class":66},[56,38113,115],{"class":79},[56,38115,1080],{"class":66},[56,38117,535],{"class":79},[56,38119,1080],{"class":66},[56,38121,37157],{"class":79},[56,38123,3093],{"class":66},[14,38125,20273,38126,473,38129,38131],{},[18,38127,38128],{},"is_even()",[18,38130,3060],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[42,38133,7902,38135,8191,38137],{"id":38134},"using-none-with-filter",[18,38136,3241],{},[18,38138,37089],{},[14,38140,38141,38142,38144],{},"You can pass ",[18,38143,3241],{}," as the first argument:",[47,38146,38148],{"className":49,"code":38147,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[18,38149,38150],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38151,38152,38154,38156,38158,38160,38162],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38153,37115],{"class":62},[56,38155,67],{"class":66},[56,38157,3241],{"class":3316},[56,38159,1080],{"class":66},[56,38161,37379],{"class":237},[56,38163,241],{"class":66},[14,38165,38166,38167,6820],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[3205,38168,5072],{},[14,38170,38171],{},"Falsy values include:",[26,38173,38174,38178,38183,38187],{},[29,38175,38176],{},[18,38177,181],{},[29,38179,38180,38182],{},[18,38181,3236],{}," (empty string)",[29,38184,38185],{},[18,38186,3241],{},[29,38188,38189],{},[18,38190,3134],{},[14,38192,274],{},[47,38194,38196],{"className":49,"code":38195,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38197,38198,38242,38246,38264],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38199,38200,38202,38204,38206,38208,38210,38212,38214,38216,38218,38220,38222,38224,38226,38228,38230,38232,38234,38236,38238,38240],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38201,7261],{"class":284},[56,38203,288],{"class":75},[56,38205,3080],{"class":66},[56,38207,181],{"class":79},[56,38209,1080],{"class":66},[56,38211,4973],{"class":79},[56,38213,1080],{"class":66},[56,38215,5603],{"class":937},[56,38217,1080],{"class":66},[56,38219,1448],{"class":937},[56,38221,3309],{"class":941},[56,38223,938],{"class":937},[56,38225,1080],{"class":66},[56,38227,3317],{"class":3316},[56,38229,1080],{"class":66},[56,38231,3382],{"class":3316},[56,38233,1080],{"class":66},[56,38235,3373],{"class":3316},[56,38237,1080],{"class":66},[56,38239,4075],{"class":79},[56,38241,3093],{"class":66},[56,38243,38244],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,38245,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,38247,38248,38250,38252,38254,38256,38258,38260,38262],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,38249,299],{"class":284},[56,38251,288],{"class":75},[56,38253,37168],{"class":62},[56,38255,67],{"class":66},[56,38257,3241],{"class":3316},[56,38259,1080],{"class":66},[56,38261,5442],{"class":237},[56,38263,241],{"class":66},[56,38265,38266,38268,38270,38272,38274,38276],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,38267,63],{"class":62},[56,38269,67],{"class":66},[56,38271,7577],{"class":989},[56,38273,67],{"class":66},[56,38275,338],{"class":237},[56,38277,83],{"class":66},[14,38279,130],{},[47,38281,38283],{"className":49,"code":38282,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[18,38284,38285],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38286,38287,38289,38291,38293,38295,38297,38299,38301,38303,38305,38307],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38288,3366],{"class":66},[56,38290,1077],{"class":79},[56,38292,1080],{"class":66},[56,38294,1389],{"class":937},[56,38296,3309],{"class":941},[56,38298,1394],{"class":937},[56,38300,1080],{"class":66},[56,38302,3382],{"class":3316},[56,38304,1080],{"class":66},[56,38306,4075],{"class":79},[56,38308,3093],{"class":66},[14,38310,38311],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[42,38313,4433,38315],{"id":38314},"when-to-use-filter",[18,38316,37089],{},[14,38318,153,38319,38321],{},[18,38320,37089],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[14,38323,38324],{},"It works well for:",[26,38326,38327,38330,38333],{},[29,38328,38329],{},"simple filtering rules",[29,38331,38332],{},"quick data cleaning",[29,38334,38335],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[14,38337,274],{},[47,38339,38341],{"className":49,"code":38340,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[18,38342,38343,38375,38408,38412],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38344,38345,38347,38349,38351,38353,38355,38357,38359,38361,38363,38365,38367,38369,38371,38373],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38346,3075],{"class":284},[56,38348,288],{"class":75},[56,38350,3080],{"class":66},[56,38352,1077],{"class":79},[56,38354,1080],{"class":66},[56,38356,1083],{"class":79},[56,38358,1080],{"class":66},[56,38360,529],{"class":79},[56,38362,1080],{"class":66},[56,38364,535],{"class":79},[56,38366,1080],{"class":66},[56,38368,4075],{"class":79},[56,38370,1080],{"class":66},[56,38372,37157],{"class":79},[56,38374,3093],{"class":66},[56,38376,38377,38380,38382,38384,38386,38388,38390,38392,38394,38396,38398,38400,38402,38404,38406],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,38378,38379],{"class":284},"evens ",[56,38381,288],{"class":75},[56,38383,37168],{"class":62},[56,38385,67],{"class":66},[56,38387,37173],{"class":124},[56,38389,37177],{"class":37176},[56,38391,971],{"class":66},[56,38393,3345],{"class":237},[56,38395,5881],{"class":75},[56,38397,1083],{"class":79},[56,38399,5886],{"class":75},[56,38401,3297],{"class":79},[56,38403,1080],{"class":66},[56,38405,3731],{"class":237},[56,38407,241],{"class":66},[56,38409,38410],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,38411,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,38413,38414,38416,38418,38420,38422,38425],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,38415,63],{"class":62},[56,38417,67],{"class":66},[56,38419,7577],{"class":989},[56,38421,67],{"class":66},[56,38423,38424],{"class":237},"evens",[56,38426,83],{"class":66},[14,38428,130],{},[47,38430,38431],{"className":49,"code":38105,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,38432,38433],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38434,38435,38437,38439,38441,38443,38445,38447],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38436,3366],{"class":66},[56,38438,115],{"class":79},[56,38440,1080],{"class":66},[56,38442,535],{"class":79},[56,38444,1080],{"class":66},[56,38446,37157],{"class":79},[56,38448,3093],{"class":66},[14,38450,38451,38452,38454],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[18,38453,5434],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[47,38456,38458],{"className":49,"code":38457,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[18,38459,38460,38492,38500,38504,38516,38532,38547,38551],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38461,38462,38464,38466,38468,38470,38472,38474,38476,38478,38480,38482,38484,38486,38488,38490],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38463,3075],{"class":284},[56,38465,288],{"class":75},[56,38467,3080],{"class":66},[56,38469,1077],{"class":79},[56,38471,1080],{"class":66},[56,38473,1083],{"class":79},[56,38475,1080],{"class":66},[56,38477,529],{"class":79},[56,38479,1080],{"class":66},[56,38481,535],{"class":79},[56,38483,1080],{"class":66},[56,38485,4075],{"class":79},[56,38487,1080],{"class":66},[56,38489,37157],{"class":79},[56,38491,3093],{"class":66},[56,38493,38494,38496,38498],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,38495,38379],{"class":284},[56,38497,288],{"class":75},[56,38499,7321],{"class":66},[56,38501,38502],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,38503,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,38505,38506,38508,38510,38512,38514],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,38507,5434],{"class":3341},[56,38509,5864],{"class":284},[56,38511,3348],{"class":3341},[56,38513,3731],{"class":284},[56,38515,5871],{"class":66},[56,38517,38518,38520,38522,38524,38526,38528,38530],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,38519,5876],{"class":3341},[56,38521,5864],{"class":284},[56,38523,5881],{"class":75},[56,38525,1083],{"class":79},[56,38527,5886],{"class":75},[56,38529,3297],{"class":79},[56,38531,5871],{"class":66},[56,38533,38534,38537,38539,38541,38543,38545],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,38535,38536],{"class":284},"        evens",[56,38538,497],{"class":66},[56,38540,13050],{"class":237},[56,38542,67],{"class":66},[56,38544,309],{"class":237},[56,38546,241],{"class":66},[56,38548,38549],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,38550,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,38552,38553,38555,38557,38559],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,38554,63],{"class":62},[56,38556,67],{"class":66},[56,38558,38424],{"class":237},[56,38560,241],{"class":66},[14,38562,130],{},[47,38564,38565],{"className":49,"code":38105,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,38566,38567],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38568,38569,38571,38573,38575,38577,38579,38581],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38570,3366],{"class":66},[56,38572,115],{"class":79},[56,38574,1080],{"class":66},[56,38576,535],{"class":79},[56,38578,1080],{"class":66},[56,38580,37157],{"class":79},[56,38582,3093],{"class":66},[14,38584,38585],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[47,38587,38589],{"className":49,"code":38588,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[18,38590,38591,38623,38656,38660],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38592,38593,38595,38597,38599,38601,38603,38605,38607,38609,38611,38613,38615,38617,38619,38621],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38594,3075],{"class":284},[56,38596,288],{"class":75},[56,38598,3080],{"class":66},[56,38600,1077],{"class":79},[56,38602,1080],{"class":66},[56,38604,1083],{"class":79},[56,38606,1080],{"class":66},[56,38608,529],{"class":79},[56,38610,1080],{"class":66},[56,38612,535],{"class":79},[56,38614,1080],{"class":66},[56,38616,4075],{"class":79},[56,38618,1080],{"class":66},[56,38620,37157],{"class":79},[56,38622,3093],{"class":66},[56,38624,38625,38627,38629,38631,38633,38635,38637,38639,38642,38644,38646,38648,38650,38652,38654],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,38626,38379],{"class":284},[56,38628,288],{"class":75},[56,38630,3080],{"class":66},[56,38632,285],{"class":284},[56,38634,5434],{"class":3341},[56,38636,5864],{"class":284},[56,38638,3348],{"class":3341},[56,38640,38641],{"class":284}," numbers ",[56,38643,6477],{"class":3341},[56,38645,5864],{"class":284},[56,38647,5881],{"class":75},[56,38649,1083],{"class":79},[56,38651,5886],{"class":75},[56,38653,3297],{"class":79},[56,38655,3093],{"class":66},[56,38657,38658],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,38659,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,38661,38662,38664,38666,38668],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,38663,63],{"class":62},[56,38665,67],{"class":66},[56,38667,38424],{"class":237},[56,38669,241],{"class":66},[14,38671,130],{},[47,38673,38674],{"className":49,"code":38105,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,38675,38676],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38677,38678,38680,38682,38684,38686,38688,38690],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38679,3366],{"class":66},[56,38681,115],{"class":79},[56,38683,1080],{"class":66},[56,38685,535],{"class":79},[56,38687,1080],{"class":66},[56,38689,37157],{"class":79},[56,38691,3093],{"class":66},[14,38693,38694,38695,497],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[372,38696,38698],{"href":38697},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[42,38700,912],{"id":911},[14,38702,14231,38703,497],{},[18,38704,37089],{},[615,38706,7938,38708,38710],{"id":38707},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[18,38709,37089],{}," to return a list",[14,38712,38713],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[47,38715,38717],{"className":49,"code":38716,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[18,38718,38719,38761],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38720,38721,38723,38725,38727,38729,38731,38733,38735,38737,38739,38741,38743,38745,38747,38749,38751,38753,38755,38757,38759],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38722,299],{"class":284},[56,38724,288],{"class":75},[56,38726,37168],{"class":62},[56,38728,67],{"class":66},[56,38730,37173],{"class":124},[56,38732,37177],{"class":37176},[56,38734,971],{"class":66},[56,38736,3345],{"class":237},[56,38738,3720],{"class":75},[56,38740,1083],{"class":79},[56,38742,1080],{"class":66},[56,38744,3080],{"class":66},[56,38746,1077],{"class":79},[56,38748,1080],{"class":66},[56,38750,1083],{"class":79},[56,38752,1080],{"class":66},[56,38754,529],{"class":79},[56,38756,1080],{"class":66},[56,38758,535],{"class":79},[56,38760,3354],{"class":66},[56,38762,38763,38765,38767,38769],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,38764,63],{"class":62},[56,38766,67],{"class":66},[56,38768,338],{"class":237},[56,38770,241],{"class":66},[14,38772,38773],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[14,38775,38776],{},"Fix:",[47,38778,38780],{"className":49,"code":38779,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,38781,38782,38824],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38783,38784,38786,38788,38790,38792,38794,38796,38798,38800,38802,38804,38806,38808,38810,38812,38814,38816,38818,38820,38822],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38785,299],{"class":284},[56,38787,288],{"class":75},[56,38789,37168],{"class":62},[56,38791,67],{"class":66},[56,38793,37173],{"class":124},[56,38795,37177],{"class":37176},[56,38797,971],{"class":66},[56,38799,3345],{"class":237},[56,38801,3720],{"class":75},[56,38803,1083],{"class":79},[56,38805,1080],{"class":66},[56,38807,3080],{"class":66},[56,38809,1077],{"class":79},[56,38811,1080],{"class":66},[56,38813,1083],{"class":79},[56,38815,1080],{"class":66},[56,38817,529],{"class":79},[56,38819,1080],{"class":66},[56,38821,535],{"class":79},[56,38823,3354],{"class":66},[56,38825,38826,38828,38830,38832,38834,38836],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,38827,63],{"class":62},[56,38829,67],{"class":66},[56,38831,7577],{"class":989},[56,38833,67],{"class":66},[56,38835,338],{"class":237},[56,38837,83],{"class":66},[615,38839,38841,38842,964,38844,38846],{"id":38840},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[18,38843,3060],{},[18,38845,3134],{}," clearly",[14,38848,38849],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[14,38851,38852],{},"Good example:",[47,38854,38856],{"className":49,"code":38855,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[18,38857,38858,38871],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38859,38860,38862,38865,38867,38869],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38861,34361],{"class":124},[56,38863,38864],{"class":34364}," is_positive",[56,38866,67],{"class":66},[56,38868,309],{"class":37176},[56,38870,7826],{"class":66},[56,38872,38873,38875,38877,38879],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,38874,34372],{"class":3341},[56,38876,5864],{"class":284},[56,38878,3720],{"class":75},[56,38880,38027],{"class":79},[14,38882,38883],{},"Then use it with:",[47,38885,38887],{"className":49,"code":38886,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[18,38888,38889,38921],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38890,38891,38893,38895,38897,38899,38901,38903,38905,38907,38909,38911,38913,38915,38917,38919],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38892,3075],{"class":284},[56,38894,288],{"class":75},[56,38896,3080],{"class":66},[56,38898,76],{"class":75},[56,38900,115],{"class":79},[56,38902,1080],{"class":66},[56,38904,291],{"class":75},[56,38906,1077],{"class":79},[56,38908,1080],{"class":66},[56,38910,3297],{"class":79},[56,38912,1080],{"class":66},[56,38914,4973],{"class":79},[56,38916,1080],{"class":66},[56,38918,1083],{"class":79},[56,38920,3093],{"class":66},[56,38922,38923,38925,38927,38929,38931,38933,38935,38938,38940,38942],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,38924,63],{"class":62},[56,38926,67],{"class":66},[56,38928,7577],{"class":989},[56,38930,67],{"class":66},[56,38932,37115],{"class":62},[56,38934,67],{"class":66},[56,38936,38937],{"class":237},"is_positive",[56,38939,1080],{"class":66},[56,38941,3731],{"class":237},[56,38943,1000],{"class":66},[14,38945,130],{},[47,38947,38949],{"className":49,"code":38948,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2]\n",[18,38950,38951],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38952,38953,38955,38957,38959,38961],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38954,3366],{"class":66},[56,38956,1077],{"class":79},[56,38958,1080],{"class":66},[56,38960,1083],{"class":79},[56,38962,3093],{"class":66},[615,38964,38966],{"id":38965},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[14,38968,38969],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[47,38971,38972],{"className":49,"code":37711,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,38973,38974,39016,39020,39034],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,38975,38976,38978,38980,38982,38984,38986,38988,38990,38992,38994,38996,38998,39000,39002,39004,39006,39008,39010,39012,39014],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,38977,299],{"class":284},[56,38979,288],{"class":75},[56,38981,37168],{"class":62},[56,38983,67],{"class":66},[56,38985,37173],{"class":124},[56,38987,37177],{"class":37176},[56,38989,971],{"class":66},[56,38991,3345],{"class":237},[56,38993,3720],{"class":75},[56,38995,1083],{"class":79},[56,38997,1080],{"class":66},[56,38999,3080],{"class":66},[56,39001,1077],{"class":79},[56,39003,1080],{"class":66},[56,39005,1083],{"class":79},[56,39007,1080],{"class":66},[56,39009,529],{"class":79},[56,39011,1080],{"class":66},[56,39013,535],{"class":79},[56,39015,3354],{"class":66},[56,39017,39018],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,39019,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,39021,39022,39024,39026,39028,39030,39032],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,39023,63],{"class":62},[56,39025,67],{"class":66},[56,39027,7577],{"class":989},[56,39029,67],{"class":66},[56,39031,338],{"class":237},[56,39033,83],{"class":66},[56,39035,39036,39038,39040,39042,39044,39046],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,39037,63],{"class":62},[56,39039,67],{"class":66},[56,39041,7577],{"class":989},[56,39043,67],{"class":66},[56,39045,338],{"class":237},[56,39047,83],{"class":66},[14,39049,130],{},[47,39051,39052],{"className":49,"code":37792,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,39053,39054,39066],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39055,39056,39058,39060,39062,39064],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39057,3366],{"class":66},[56,39059,121],{"class":79},[56,39061,1080],{"class":66},[56,39063,535],{"class":79},[56,39065,3093],{"class":66},[56,39067,39068],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,39069,37811],{"class":66},[14,39071,39072],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[47,39074,39076],{"className":49,"code":39075,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[18,39077,39078,39124,39128,39138],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39079,39080,39082,39084,39086,39088,39090,39092,39094,39096,39098,39100,39102,39104,39106,39108,39110,39112,39114,39116,39118,39120,39122],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39081,299],{"class":284},[56,39083,288],{"class":75},[56,39085,22063],{"class":989},[56,39087,67],{"class":66},[56,39089,37115],{"class":62},[56,39091,67],{"class":66},[56,39093,37173],{"class":124},[56,39095,37177],{"class":37176},[56,39097,971],{"class":66},[56,39099,3345],{"class":237},[56,39101,3720],{"class":75},[56,39103,1083],{"class":79},[56,39105,1080],{"class":66},[56,39107,3080],{"class":66},[56,39109,1077],{"class":79},[56,39111,1080],{"class":66},[56,39113,1083],{"class":79},[56,39115,1080],{"class":66},[56,39117,529],{"class":79},[56,39119,1080],{"class":66},[56,39121,535],{"class":79},[56,39123,1090],{"class":66},[56,39125,39126],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,39127,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,39129,39130,39132,39134,39136],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,39131,63],{"class":62},[56,39133,67],{"class":66},[56,39135,338],{"class":237},[56,39137,241],{"class":66},[56,39139,39140,39142,39144,39146],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,39141,63],{"class":62},[56,39143,67],{"class":66},[56,39145,338],{"class":237},[56,39147,241],{"class":66},[615,39149,39151],{"id":39150},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[14,39153,39154],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[14,39156,16143],{},[47,39158,39160],{"className":49,"code":39159,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[18,39161,39162],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39163,39164],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39165,39159],{"class":3123},[14,39167,39168,39169,6030],{},"This causes an error because ",[18,39170,406],{},[14,39172,16155],{},[47,39174,39176],{"className":49,"code":39175,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[18,39177,39178],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39179,39180,39182,39184,39186,39188,39190,39192,39194,39196,39198,39200,39202,39204,39206,39208,39210,39212,39214,39216,39218,39220,39222],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39181,63],{"class":62},[56,39183,67],{"class":66},[56,39185,7577],{"class":989},[56,39187,67],{"class":66},[56,39189,37115],{"class":62},[56,39191,67],{"class":66},[56,39193,37173],{"class":124},[56,39195,37177],{"class":37176},[56,39197,971],{"class":66},[56,39199,3345],{"class":237},[56,39201,3720],{"class":75},[56,39203,1083],{"class":79},[56,39205,1080],{"class":66},[56,39207,3080],{"class":66},[56,39209,1077],{"class":79},[56,39211,1080],{"class":66},[56,39213,1083],{"class":79},[56,39215,1080],{"class":66},[56,39217,529],{"class":79},[56,39219,1080],{"class":66},[56,39221,535],{"class":79},[56,39223,36778],{"class":66},[615,39225,36717,39227,8191,39229],{"id":39226},"confusing-filter-with-map",[18,39228,37089],{},[18,39230,39231],{},"map()",[26,39233,39234,39239],{},[29,39235,39236,39238],{},[18,39237,37089],{}," keeps or removes items",[29,39240,39241,39243],{},[18,39242,39231],{}," changes each item into a new value",[14,39245,39246,39247,971],{},"Example of ",[18,39248,37089],{},[47,39250,39252],{"className":49,"code":39251,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[18,39253,39254,39278],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39255,39256,39258,39260,39262,39264,39266,39268,39270,39272,39274,39276],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39257,3075],{"class":284},[56,39259,288],{"class":75},[56,39261,3080],{"class":66},[56,39263,1077],{"class":79},[56,39265,1080],{"class":66},[56,39267,1083],{"class":79},[56,39269,1080],{"class":66},[56,39271,529],{"class":79},[56,39273,1080],{"class":66},[56,39275,535],{"class":79},[56,39277,3093],{"class":66},[56,39279,39280,39282,39284,39286,39288,39290,39292,39294,39296,39298,39300,39302,39304,39306,39308],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,39281,63],{"class":62},[56,39283,67],{"class":66},[56,39285,7577],{"class":989},[56,39287,67],{"class":66},[56,39289,37115],{"class":62},[56,39291,67],{"class":66},[56,39293,37173],{"class":124},[56,39295,37177],{"class":37176},[56,39297,971],{"class":66},[56,39299,3345],{"class":237},[56,39301,3720],{"class":75},[56,39303,1083],{"class":79},[56,39305,1080],{"class":66},[56,39307,3731],{"class":237},[56,39309,1000],{"class":66},[14,39311,130],{},[47,39313,39315],{"className":49,"code":39314,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[3, 4]\n",[18,39316,39317],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39318,39319,39321,39323,39325,39327],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39320,3366],{"class":66},[56,39322,121],{"class":79},[56,39324,1080],{"class":66},[56,39326,535],{"class":79},[56,39328,3093],{"class":66},[14,39330,39246,39331,971],{},[18,39332,39231],{},[47,39334,39336],{"className":49,"code":39335,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[18,39337,39338,39362],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39339,39340,39342,39344,39346,39348,39350,39352,39354,39356,39358,39360],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39341,3075],{"class":284},[56,39343,288],{"class":75},[56,39345,3080],{"class":66},[56,39347,1077],{"class":79},[56,39349,1080],{"class":66},[56,39351,1083],{"class":79},[56,39353,1080],{"class":66},[56,39355,529],{"class":79},[56,39357,1080],{"class":66},[56,39359,535],{"class":79},[56,39361,3093],{"class":66},[56,39363,39364,39366,39368,39370,39372,39375,39377,39379,39381,39383,39385,39388,39390,39392,39394],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,39365,63],{"class":62},[56,39367,67],{"class":66},[56,39369,7577],{"class":989},[56,39371,67],{"class":66},[56,39373,39374],{"class":62},"map",[56,39376,67],{"class":66},[56,39378,37173],{"class":124},[56,39380,37177],{"class":37176},[56,39382,971],{"class":66},[56,39384,3345],{"class":237},[56,39386,39387],{"class":75},"*",[56,39389,1083],{"class":79},[56,39391,1080],{"class":66},[56,39393,3731],{"class":237},[56,39395,1000],{"class":66},[14,39397,130],{},[47,39399,39401],{"className":49,"code":39400,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[18,39402,39403],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39404,39405,39407,39409,39411,39413,39415,39417,39419,39421],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39406,3366],{"class":66},[56,39408,115],{"class":79},[56,39410,1080],{"class":66},[56,39412,535],{"class":79},[56,39414,1080],{"class":66},[56,39416,37157],{"class":79},[56,39418,1080],{"class":66},[56,39420,5837],{"class":79},[56,39422,3093],{"class":66},[14,39424,39425,39426,497],{},"For the related function, see ",[372,39427,3031,39429,1610],{"href":39428},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[18,39430,39231],{},[42,39432,1553],{"id":1552},[615,39434,12199,39436,39438],{"id":39435},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[18,39437,37089],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[14,39440,39441,39442,39444],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[18,39443,24285],{}," if needed.",[615,39446,39448,39449,39451],{"id":39447},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[18,39450,37089],{}," need to return?",[14,39453,37396,39454,39456,39457,39459],{},[18,39455,3060],{}," to keep an item and ",[18,39458,3134],{}," to remove it.",[615,39461,27834,39463,39465],{"id":39462},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[18,39464,37089],{}," without lambda?",[14,39467,39468],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[615,39470,4615,39472,39475],{"id":39471},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[18,39473,39474],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[14,39477,39478,39479,39481,39482,16572,39484,497],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[18,39480,181],{},", empty strings, ",[18,39483,3241],{},[18,39485,3134],{},[615,39487,20923,39489,39491],{"id":39488},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[18,39490,37089],{}," or a list comprehension?",[14,39493,39494,39495,39497],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[18,39496,5434],{}," loops easier to read.",[14,39499,39500],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[26,39502,39503,39509,39515],{},[29,39504,39505,39506,39508],{},"use ",[18,39507,37089],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[29,39510,39511,39512,39514],{},"use a ",[18,39513,5434],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[29,39516,39517],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[14,39519,39520,39521,497],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[372,39522,4605],{"href":39523},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[42,39525,1601],{"id":1600},[26,39527,39528,39533,39537,39542,39548],{},[29,39529,39530],{},[372,39531,39532],{"href":37968},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[29,39534,39535],{},[372,39536,4695],{"href":39523},[29,39538,39539],{},[372,39540,39541],{"href":38697},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[29,39543,39544],{},[372,39545,3031,39546,1610],{"href":39428},[18,39547,39231],{},[29,39549,39550],{},[372,39551,4690],{"href":5062},[1633,39553,39554],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":39556},[39557,39558,39560,39564,39567,39569,39571,39573,39575,39585,39597],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":37223,"depth":86,"text":39559},"What filter() does",{"id":37357,"depth":86,"text":37358,"children":39561},[39562,39563],{"id":37374,"depth":102,"text":37374},{"id":3182,"depth":102,"text":3182},{"id":37533,"depth":86,"text":37534,"children":39565},[39566],{"id":37704,"depth":102,"text":37705},{"id":37817,"depth":86,"text":39568},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":37972,"depth":86,"text":39570},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38134,"depth":86,"text":39572},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38314,"depth":86,"text":39574},"When to use filter()",{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912,"children":39576},[39577,39579,39581,39582,39583],{"id":38707,"depth":102,"text":39578},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":38840,"depth":102,"text":39580},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":38965,"depth":102,"text":38966},{"id":39150,"depth":102,"text":39151},{"id":39226,"depth":102,"text":39584},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":39586},[39587,39589,39591,39593,39595],{"id":39435,"depth":102,"text":39588},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39447,"depth":102,"text":39590},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39462,"depth":102,"text":39592},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39471,"depth":102,"text":39594},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39488,"depth":102,"text":39596},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37081,"description":39598},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39605,"title":39606,"body":39607,"description":41760,"extension":1665,"meta":41761,"navigation":316,"path":41762,"seo":41763,"stem":41764,"__hash__":41765},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39608,"toc":41714},[39609,39612,39617,39623,39625,39677,39679,39698,39703,39707,39712,39715,39730,39733,39755,39757,39806,39808,39832,39834,39836,39851,39856,39864,39879,39881,39890,39893,39928,39932,39937,39941,39948,39983,39985,40001,40005,40008,40049,40051,40065,40069,40072,40096,40098,40107,40111,40114,40147,40149,40162,40166,40172,40191,40193,40201,40205,40210,40214,40220,40243,40245,40274,40277,40296,40300,40303,40330,40332,40366,40370,40373,40397,40401,40412,40414,40419,40425,40427,40511,40513,40555,40558,40562,40569,40578,40634,40641,40650,40655,40659,40730,40732,40741,40745,40748,40792,40794,40803,40807,40813,40863,40867,40872,40876,40900,40902,40911,40915,40939,40941,40952,40956,40980,40982,40991,40994,41011,41017,41021,41027,41030,41035,41038,41059,41061,41093,41096,41101,41103,41114,41116,41160,41164,41171,41223,41225,41234,41238,41241,41334,41337,41361,41365,41368,41460,41465,41469,41476,41481,41505,41507,41516,41521,41544,41546,41554,41561,41584,41592,41594,41607,41617,41619,41623,41630,41634,41643,41647,41654,41658,41662,41666,41679,41681,41711],[10,39610,39606],{"id":39611},"python-float-function-explained",[14,39613,8610,39614,39616],{},[18,39615,970],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[14,39618,39619,39620,39622],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[18,39621,970],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[42,39624,45],{"id":44},[47,39626,39628],{"className":49,"code":39627,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[18,39629,39630,39644,39663],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39631,39632,39634,39636,39638,39640,39642],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39633,63],{"class":62},[56,39635,67],{"class":66},[56,39637,258],{"class":989},[56,39639,67],{"class":66},[56,39641,198],{"class":79},[56,39643,83],{"class":66},[56,39645,39646,39648,39650,39652,39654,39656,39659,39661],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,39647,63],{"class":62},[56,39649,67],{"class":66},[56,39651,258],{"class":989},[56,39653,67],{"class":66},[56,39655,938],{"class":937},[56,39657,39658],{"class":941},"3.14",[56,39660,938],{"class":937},[56,39662,83],{"class":66},[56,39664,39665,39667,39669,39671,39673,39675],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,39666,63],{"class":62},[56,39668,67],{"class":66},[56,39670,258],{"class":989},[56,39672,67],{"class":66},[56,39674,3060],{"class":3316},[56,39676,83],{"class":66},[14,39678,130],{},[47,39680,39682],{"className":49,"code":39681,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[18,39683,39684,39688,39693],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39685,39686],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39687,558],{"class":79},[56,39689,39690],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,39691,39692],{"class":79},"3.14\n",[56,39694,39695],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,39696,39697],{"class":79},"1.0\n",[14,39699,153,39700,39702],{},[18,39701,970],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[42,39704,39706],{"id":39705},"what-float-does","What float() does",[14,39708,39709,39711],{},[18,39710,970],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[14,39713,39714],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[26,39716,39717,39721,39725],{},[29,39718,39719],{},[18,39720,570],{},[29,39722,39723],{},[18,39724,39658],{},[29,39726,39727],{},[18,39728,39729],{},"0.5",[14,39731,39732],{},"A few key points:",[26,39734,39735,39742,39745,39748],{},[29,39736,39737,39739,39740],{},[18,39738,970],{}," returns a value of type ",[18,39741,258],{},[29,39743,39744],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[29,39746,39747],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[29,39749,39750,39751],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[372,39752,39753],{"href":7703},[18,39754,1046],{},[14,39756,274],{},[47,39758,39760],{"className":49,"code":39759,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,39761,39762,39782,39792],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39763,39764,39766,39768,39771,39773,39775,39778,39780],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39765,285],{"class":284},[56,39767,288],{"class":75},[56,39769,39770],{"class":989}," float",[56,39772,67],{"class":66},[56,39774,938],{"class":937},[56,39776,39777],{"class":941},"2.75",[56,39779,938],{"class":937},[56,39781,241],{"class":66},[56,39783,39784,39786,39788,39790],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,39785,63],{"class":62},[56,39787,67],{"class":66},[56,39789,309],{"class":237},[56,39791,241],{"class":66},[56,39793,39794,39796,39798,39800,39802,39804],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,39795,63],{"class":62},[56,39797,67],{"class":66},[56,39799,1314],{"class":989},[56,39801,67],{"class":66},[56,39803,309],{"class":237},[56,39805,83],{"class":66},[14,39807,130],{},[47,39809,39811],{"className":49,"code":39810,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,39812,39813,39818],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39814,39815],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39816,39817],{"class":79},"2.75\n",[56,39819,39820,39822,39824,39826,39828,39830],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,39821,1383],{"class":75},[56,39823,1386],{"class":124},[56,39825,1389],{"class":937},[56,39827,258],{"class":941},[56,39829,1394],{"class":937},[56,39831,1397],{"class":75},[42,39833,220],{"id":219},[14,39835,6698],{},[47,39837,39839],{"className":49,"code":39838,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"float(value)\n",[18,39840,39841],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39842,39843,39845,39847,39849],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39844,258],{"class":989},[56,39846,67],{"class":66},[56,39848,551],{"class":237},[56,39850,241],{"class":66},[14,39852,39853,39854,497],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[18,39855,970],{},[14,39857,39858,39859,39861,39862,971],{},"If you call ",[18,39860,970],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[18,39863,3231],{},[47,39865,39867],{"className":49,"code":39866,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float())\n",[18,39868,39869],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39870,39871,39873,39875,39877],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39872,63],{"class":62},[56,39874,67],{"class":66},[56,39876,258],{"class":989},[56,39878,6674],{"class":66},[14,39880,130],{},[47,39882,39884],{"className":49,"code":39883,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"0.0\n",[18,39885,39886],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39887,39888],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39889,39883],{"class":79},[14,39891,39892],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[47,39894,39896],{"className":49,"code":39895,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[18,39897,39898,39918],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39899,39900,39903,39905,39907,39909,39911,39914,39916],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39901,39902],{"class":284},"price ",[56,39904,288],{"class":75},[56,39906,39770],{"class":989},[56,39908,67],{"class":66},[56,39910,938],{"class":937},[56,39912,39913],{"class":941},"19.99",[56,39915,938],{"class":937},[56,39917,241],{"class":66},[56,39919,39920,39922,39924,39926],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,39921,63],{"class":62},[56,39923,67],{"class":66},[56,39925,24654],{"class":237},[56,39927,241],{"class":66},[42,39929,39931],{"id":39930},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[14,39933,39934,39936],{},[18,39935,970],{}," can convert several common value types.",[615,39938,39940],{"id":39939},"integers","Integers",[14,39942,39943,39944,39947],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[18,39945,39946],{},".0"," added:",[47,39949,39951],{"className":49,"code":39950,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[18,39952,39953,39967],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39954,39955,39957,39959,39961,39963,39965],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39956,63],{"class":62},[56,39958,67],{"class":66},[56,39960,258],{"class":989},[56,39962,67],{"class":66},[56,39964,198],{"class":79},[56,39966,83],{"class":66},[56,39968,39969,39971,39973,39975,39977,39979,39981],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,39970,63],{"class":62},[56,39972,67],{"class":66},[56,39974,258],{"class":989},[56,39976,67],{"class":66},[56,39978,76],{"class":75},[56,39980,115],{"class":79},[56,39982,83],{"class":66},[14,39984,130],{},[47,39986,39988],{"className":49,"code":39987,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[18,39989,39990,39994],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,39991,39992],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,39993,558],{"class":79},[56,39995,39996,39998],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,39997,76],{"class":75},[56,39999,40000],{"class":79},"2.0\n",[615,40002,40004],{"id":40003},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[14,40006,40007],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[47,40009,40011],{"className":49,"code":40010,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[18,40012,40013,40031],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40014,40015,40017,40019,40021,40023,40025,40027,40029],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40016,63],{"class":62},[56,40018,67],{"class":66},[56,40020,258],{"class":989},[56,40022,67],{"class":66},[56,40024,938],{"class":937},[56,40026,39658],{"class":941},[56,40028,938],{"class":937},[56,40030,83],{"class":66},[56,40032,40033,40035,40037,40039,40041,40043,40045,40047],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,40034,63],{"class":62},[56,40036,67],{"class":66},[56,40038,258],{"class":989},[56,40040,67],{"class":66},[56,40042,938],{"class":937},[56,40044,406],{"class":941},[56,40046,938],{"class":937},[56,40048,83],{"class":66},[14,40050,130],{},[47,40052,40054],{"className":49,"code":40053,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3.14\n10.0\n",[18,40055,40056,40060],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40057,40058],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40059,39692],{"class":79},[56,40061,40062],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,40063,40064],{"class":79},"10.0\n",[615,40066,40068],{"id":40067},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[14,40070,40071],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[47,40073,40075],{"className":49,"code":40074,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[18,40076,40077],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40078,40079,40081,40083,40085,40087,40089,40092,40094],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40080,63],{"class":62},[56,40082,67],{"class":66},[56,40084,258],{"class":989},[56,40086,67],{"class":66},[56,40088,938],{"class":937},[56,40090,40091],{"class":941},"  8.5  ",[56,40093,938],{"class":937},[56,40095,83],{"class":66},[14,40097,130],{},[47,40099,40101],{"className":49,"code":40100,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"8.5\n",[18,40102,40103],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40104,40105],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40106,40100],{"class":79},[615,40108,40110],{"id":40109},"booleans","Booleans",[14,40112,40113],{},"Boolean values also work:",[47,40115,40117],{"className":49,"code":40116,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[18,40118,40119,40133],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40120,40121,40123,40125,40127,40129,40131],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40122,63],{"class":62},[56,40124,67],{"class":66},[56,40126,258],{"class":989},[56,40128,67],{"class":66},[56,40130,3060],{"class":3316},[56,40132,83],{"class":66},[56,40134,40135,40137,40139,40141,40143,40145],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,40136,63],{"class":62},[56,40138,67],{"class":66},[56,40140,258],{"class":989},[56,40142,67],{"class":66},[56,40144,3134],{"class":3316},[56,40146,83],{"class":66},[14,40148,130],{},[47,40150,40152],{"className":49,"code":40151,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"1.0\n0.0\n",[18,40153,40154,40158],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40155,40156],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40157,39697],{"class":79},[56,40159,40160],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,40161,39883],{"class":79},[615,40163,40165],{"id":40164},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[14,40167,40168,40169,40171],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[18,40170,970],{}," returns a float version of it:",[47,40173,40175],{"className":49,"code":40174,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(4.2))\n",[18,40176,40177],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40178,40179,40181,40183,40185,40187,40189],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40180,63],{"class":62},[56,40182,67],{"class":66},[56,40184,258],{"class":989},[56,40186,67],{"class":66},[56,40188,438],{"class":79},[56,40190,83],{"class":66},[14,40192,130],{},[47,40194,40195],{"className":49,"code":462,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,40196,40197],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40198,40199],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40200,462],{"class":79},[42,40202,40204],{"id":40203},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[14,40206,40207,40208,497],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[18,40209,970],{},[615,40211,40213],{"id":40212},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[14,40215,40216,40217,971],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[18,40218,40219],{},"ValueError",[47,40221,40223],{"className":49,"code":40222,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[18,40224,40225],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40226,40227,40229,40231,40233,40235,40237,40239,40241],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40228,63],{"class":62},[56,40230,67],{"class":66},[56,40232,258],{"class":989},[56,40234,67],{"class":66},[56,40236,938],{"class":937},[56,40238,3309],{"class":941},[56,40240,938],{"class":937},[56,40242,83],{"class":66},[14,40244,29187],{},[47,40246,40248],{"className":49,"code":40247,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[18,40249,40250],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40251,40252,40254,40256,40259,40261,40264,40266,40268,40270,40272],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40253,40219],{"class":989},[56,40255,971],{"class":66},[56,40257,40258],{"class":284}," could ",[56,40260,4101],{"class":75},[56,40262,40263],{"class":284}," convert string to ",[56,40265,258],{"class":989},[56,40267,971],{"class":66},[56,40269,1389],{"class":937},[56,40271,3309],{"class":941},[56,40273,29206],{"class":937},[14,40275,40276],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[47,40278,40280],{"className":49,"code":40279,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[18,40281,40282],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40283,40284,40286,40288,40290,40292,40294],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40285,63],{"class":62},[56,40287,67],{"class":66},[56,40289,258],{"class":989},[56,40291,67],{"class":66},[56,40293,5749],{"class":937},[56,40295,83],{"class":66},[615,40297,40299],{"id":40298},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[14,40301,40302],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[47,40304,40306],{"className":49,"code":40305,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[18,40307,40308],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40309,40310,40312,40314,40316,40318,40320,40322,40324,40326,40328],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40311,63],{"class":62},[56,40313,67],{"class":66},[56,40315,258],{"class":989},[56,40317,1074],{"class":66},[56,40319,1077],{"class":79},[56,40321,1080],{"class":66},[56,40323,1083],{"class":79},[56,40325,1080],{"class":66},[56,40327,529],{"class":79},[56,40329,1090],{"class":66},[14,40331,29187],{},[47,40333,40335],{"className":49,"code":40334,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[18,40336,40337],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40338,40339,40341,40343,40345,40347,40350,40353,40356,40358,40360,40362,40364],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40340,1096],{"class":989},[56,40342,971],{"class":66},[56,40344,39770],{"class":989},[56,40346,6846],{"class":66},[56,40348,40349],{"class":284}," argument must be a string ",[56,40351,40352],{"class":75},"or",[56,40354,40355],{"class":284}," a real number",[56,40357,1080],{"class":66},[56,40359,7583],{"class":75},[56,40361,1389],{"class":937},[56,40363,7577],{"class":941},[56,40365,29206],{"class":937},[615,40367,40369],{"id":40368},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[14,40371,40372],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[47,40374,40376],{"className":49,"code":40375,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[18,40377,40378],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40379,40380,40382,40384,40386,40388,40390,40393,40395],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40381,63],{"class":62},[56,40383,67],{"class":66},[56,40385,258],{"class":989},[56,40387,67],{"class":66},[56,40389,938],{"class":937},[56,40391,40392],{"class":941},"3,14",[56,40394,938],{"class":937},[56,40396,83],{"class":66},[14,40398,1093,40399,497],{},[18,40400,40219],{},[14,40402,40403,40404,3862,40408,497],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[372,40405,40407],{"href":40406},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[372,40409,40411],{"href":40410},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[42,40413,16919],{"id":16918},[14,40415,40416,40418],{},[18,40417,970],{}," returns a new float value.",[14,40420,40421,40422,40424],{},"It does ",[3205,40423,4101],{}," change the original value in place.",[14,40426,274],{},[47,40428,40430],{"className":49,"code":40429,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,40431,40432,40445,40459,40463,40473,40483,40497],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40433,40434,40436,40438,40440,40443],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40435,34197],{"class":284},[56,40437,288],{"class":75},[56,40439,1448],{"class":937},[56,40441,40442],{"class":941},"6.5",[56,40444,1454],{"class":937},[56,40446,40447,40449,40451,40453,40455,40457],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,40448,285],{"class":284},[56,40450,288],{"class":75},[56,40452,39770],{"class":989},[56,40454,67],{"class":66},[56,40456,34218],{"class":237},[56,40458,241],{"class":66},[56,40460,40461],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,40462,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,40464,40465,40467,40469,40471],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,40466,63],{"class":62},[56,40468,67],{"class":66},[56,40470,34218],{"class":237},[56,40472,241],{"class":66},[56,40474,40475,40477,40479,40481],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,40476,63],{"class":62},[56,40478,67],{"class":66},[56,40480,309],{"class":237},[56,40482,241],{"class":66},[56,40484,40485,40487,40489,40491,40493,40495],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,40486,63],{"class":62},[56,40488,67],{"class":66},[56,40490,1314],{"class":989},[56,40492,67],{"class":66},[56,40494,34218],{"class":237},[56,40496,83],{"class":66},[56,40498,40499,40501,40503,40505,40507,40509],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,40500,63],{"class":62},[56,40502,67],{"class":66},[56,40504,1314],{"class":989},[56,40506,67],{"class":66},[56,40508,309],{"class":237},[56,40510,83],{"class":66},[14,40512,130],{},[47,40514,40516],{"className":49,"code":40515,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[18,40517,40518,40523,40527,40541],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40519,40520],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40521,40522],{"class":79},"6.5\n",[56,40524,40525],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,40526,40522],{"class":79},[56,40528,40529,40531,40533,40535,40537,40539],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,40530,1383],{"class":75},[56,40532,1386],{"class":124},[56,40534,1389],{"class":937},[56,40536,1540],{"class":941},[56,40538,1394],{"class":937},[56,40540,1397],{"class":75},[56,40542,40543,40545,40547,40549,40551,40553],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,40544,1383],{"class":75},[56,40546,1386],{"class":124},[56,40548,1389],{"class":937},[56,40550,258],{"class":941},[56,40552,1394],{"class":937},[56,40554,1397],{"class":75},[14,40556,40557],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[42,40559,40561],{"id":40560},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[615,40563,40565,40566,40568],{"id":40564},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[18,40567,1046],{}," text into a decimal number",[14,40570,16,40571,40575,40576,497],{},[372,40572,40573,378],{"href":7703},[18,40574,1046],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[18,40577,970],{},[47,40579,40581],{"className":49,"code":40580,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[18,40582,40583,40602,40616,40620],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40584,40585,40587,40589,40591,40593,40595,40598,40600],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40586,7721],{"class":284},[56,40588,288],{"class":75},[56,40590,7726],{"class":62},[56,40592,67],{"class":66},[56,40594,938],{"class":937},[56,40596,40597],{"class":941},"Enter a price: ",[56,40599,938],{"class":937},[56,40601,241],{"class":66},[56,40603,40604,40606,40608,40610,40612,40614],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,40605,39902],{"class":284},[56,40607,288],{"class":75},[56,40609,39770],{"class":989},[56,40611,67],{"class":66},[56,40613,7750],{"class":237},[56,40615,241],{"class":66},[56,40617,40618],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,40619,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,40621,40622,40624,40626,40628,40630,40632],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,40623,63],{"class":62},[56,40625,67],{"class":66},[56,40627,39902],{"class":237},[56,40629,39387],{"class":75},[56,40631,1083],{"class":79},[56,40633,241],{"class":66},[14,40635,40636,40637,40640],{},"If the user enters ",[18,40638,40639],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[47,40642,40644],{"className":49,"code":40643,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"9.0\n",[18,40645,40646],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40647,40648],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40649,40643],{"class":79},[14,40651,40652,40653,497],{},"For more help with this, see ",[372,40654,8468],{"href":8467},[615,40656,40658],{"id":40657},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[47,40660,40662],{"className":49,"code":40661,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[18,40663,40664,40677,40690,40694,40719],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40665,40666,40668,40670,40672,40675],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40667,635],{"class":284},[56,40669,288],{"class":75},[56,40671,1448],{"class":937},[56,40673,40674],{"class":941},"2.5",[56,40676,1454],{"class":937},[56,40678,40679,40681,40683,40685,40688],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,40680,663],{"class":284},[56,40682,288],{"class":75},[56,40684,1448],{"class":937},[56,40686,40687],{"class":941},"1.5",[56,40689,1454],{"class":937},[56,40691,40692],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,40693,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,40695,40696,40699,40701,40703,40705,40707,40709,40711,40713,40715,40717],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,40697,40698],{"class":284},"total ",[56,40700,288],{"class":75},[56,40702,39770],{"class":989},[56,40704,67],{"class":66},[56,40706,372],{"class":237},[56,40708,3120],{"class":66},[56,40710,532],{"class":75},[56,40712,39770],{"class":989},[56,40714,67],{"class":66},[56,40716,4232],{"class":237},[56,40718,241],{"class":66},[56,40720,40721,40723,40725,40728],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,40722,63],{"class":62},[56,40724,67],{"class":66},[56,40726,40727],{"class":237},"total",[56,40729,241],{"class":66},[14,40731,130],{},[47,40733,40735],{"className":49,"code":40734,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"4.0\n",[18,40736,40737],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40738,40739],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40740,40734],{"class":79},[615,40742,40744],{"id":40743},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[14,40746,40747],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[47,40749,40751],{"className":49,"code":40750,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,40752,40753,40763,40778,40782],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40754,40755,40758,40760],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40756,40757],{"class":284},"count ",[56,40759,288],{"class":75},[56,40761,40762],{"class":79}," 7\n",[56,40764,40765,40767,40769,40771,40773,40776],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,40766,299],{"class":284},[56,40768,288],{"class":75},[56,40770,39770],{"class":989},[56,40772,67],{"class":66},[56,40774,40775],{"class":237},"count",[56,40777,241],{"class":66},[56,40779,40780],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,40781,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,40783,40784,40786,40788,40790],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,40785,63],{"class":62},[56,40787,67],{"class":66},[56,40789,338],{"class":237},[56,40791,241],{"class":66},[14,40793,130],{},[47,40795,40797],{"className":49,"code":40796,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"7.0\n",[18,40798,40799],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40800,40801],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40802,40796],{"class":79},[615,40804,40806],{"id":40805},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[14,40808,40809,40810,40812],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[18,40811,970],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[47,40814,40816],{"className":49,"code":40815,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[18,40817,40818,40832,40848,40852],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40819,40820,40823,40825,40827,40830],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40821,40822],{"class":284},"temperature_text ",[56,40824,288],{"class":75},[56,40826,1448],{"class":937},[56,40828,40829],{"class":941},"21.8",[56,40831,1454],{"class":937},[56,40833,40834,40837,40839,40841,40843,40846],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,40835,40836],{"class":284},"temperature ",[56,40838,288],{"class":75},[56,40840,39770],{"class":989},[56,40842,67],{"class":66},[56,40844,40845],{"class":237},"temperature_text",[56,40847,241],{"class":66},[56,40849,40850],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,40851,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,40853,40854,40856,40858,40861],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,40855,63],{"class":62},[56,40857,67],{"class":66},[56,40859,40860],{"class":237},"temperature",[56,40862,241],{"class":66},[42,40864,40866],{"id":40865},"special-values","Special values",[14,40868,40869,40871],{},[18,40870,970],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[615,40873,40875],{"id":40874},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[47,40877,40879],{"className":49,"code":40878,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[18,40880,40881],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40882,40883,40885,40887,40889,40891,40893,40896,40898],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40884,63],{"class":62},[56,40886,67],{"class":66},[56,40888,258],{"class":989},[56,40890,67],{"class":66},[56,40892,938],{"class":937},[56,40894,40895],{"class":941},"inf",[56,40897,938],{"class":937},[56,40899,83],{"class":66},[14,40901,130],{},[47,40903,40905],{"className":49,"code":40904,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"inf\n",[18,40906,40907],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40908,40909],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40910,40904],{"class":284},[615,40912,40914],{"id":40913},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[47,40916,40918],{"className":49,"code":40917,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[18,40919,40920],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40921,40922,40924,40926,40928,40930,40932,40935,40937],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40923,63],{"class":62},[56,40925,67],{"class":66},[56,40927,258],{"class":989},[56,40929,67],{"class":66},[56,40931,938],{"class":937},[56,40933,40934],{"class":941},"-inf",[56,40936,938],{"class":937},[56,40938,83],{"class":66},[14,40940,130],{},[47,40942,40944],{"className":49,"code":40943,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"-inf\n",[18,40945,40946],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40947,40948,40950],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40949,76],{"class":75},[56,40951,40904],{"class":284},[615,40953,40955],{"id":40954},"not-a-number","Not a number",[47,40957,40959],{"className":49,"code":40958,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[18,40960,40961],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40962,40963,40965,40967,40969,40971,40973,40976,40978],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40964,63],{"class":62},[56,40966,67],{"class":66},[56,40968,258],{"class":989},[56,40970,67],{"class":66},[56,40972,938],{"class":937},[56,40974,40975],{"class":941},"nan",[56,40977,938],{"class":937},[56,40979,83],{"class":66},[14,40981,130],{},[47,40983,40985],{"className":49,"code":40984,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"nan\n",[18,40986,40987],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,40988,40989],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,40990,40984],{"class":284},[14,40992,40993],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[26,40995,40996,41001,41006],{},[29,40997,40998,41000],{},[18,40999,40895],{}," means positive infinity",[29,41002,41003,41005],{},[18,41004,40934],{}," means negative infinity",[29,41007,41008,41010],{},[18,41009,40975],{}," means “not a number”",[14,41012,41013,41014,41016],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[18,41015,970],{}," accepts them.",[42,41018,41020],{"id":41019},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[14,41022,41023,41024,41026],{},"The most common problems with ",[18,41025,970],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[615,41028,40219],{"id":41029},"valueerror",[14,41031,14687,41032,41034],{},[18,41033,40219],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[14,41036,41037],{},"Common causes:",[26,41039,41040,41046,41049,41052],{},[29,41041,41042,41043],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[18,41044,41045],{},"\"abc\"",[29,41047,41048],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[29,41050,41051],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[29,41053,4175,41054],{},[372,41055,41056,41058],{"href":7703},[18,41057,1046],{}," returns a string",[14,41060,274],{},[47,41062,41064],{"className":49,"code":41063,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[18,41065,41066,41079],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41067,41068,41070,41072,41074,41077],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41069,524],{"class":284},[56,41071,288],{"class":75},[56,41073,1448],{"class":937},[56,41075,41076],{"class":941},"abc",[56,41078,1454],{"class":937},[56,41080,41081,41083,41085,41087,41089,41091],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,41082,63],{"class":62},[56,41084,67],{"class":66},[56,41086,258],{"class":989},[56,41088,67],{"class":66},[56,41090,551],{"class":237},[56,41092,83],{"class":66},[615,41094,1096],{"id":41095},"typeerror",[14,41097,14687,41098,41100],{},[18,41099,1096],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[14,41102,41037],{},[26,41104,41105,41108,41111],{},[29,41106,41107],{},"Passing a list",[29,41109,41110],{},"Passing a dictionary",[29,41112,41113],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[14,41115,274],{},[47,41117,41119],{"className":49,"code":41118,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[18,41120,41121,41146],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41122,41123,41125,41127,41129,41131,41133,41135,41137,41139,41142,41144],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41124,524],{"class":284},[56,41126,288],{"class":75},[56,41128,9980],{"class":66},[56,41130,938],{"class":937},[56,41132,24654],{"class":941},[56,41134,938],{"class":937},[56,41136,971],{"class":66},[56,41138,1448],{"class":937},[56,41140,41141],{"class":941},"9.99",[56,41143,938],{"class":937},[56,41145,8797],{"class":66},[56,41147,41148,41150,41152,41154,41156,41158],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,41149,63],{"class":62},[56,41151,67],{"class":66},[56,41153,258],{"class":989},[56,41155,67],{"class":66},[56,41157,551],{"class":237},[56,41159,83],{"class":66},[615,41161,41163],{"id":41162},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[14,41165,41166,41167,41170],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[18,41168,41169],{},"strip()"," can help:",[47,41172,41174],{"className":49,"code":41173,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[18,41175,41176,41189,41204,41208],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41177,41178,41180,41182,41184,41187],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41179,524],{"class":284},[56,41181,288],{"class":75},[56,41183,1448],{"class":937},[56,41185,41186],{"class":941},"  7.25  ",[56,41188,1454],{"class":937},[56,41190,41191,41194,41196,41198,41200,41202],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,41192,41193],{"class":284},"clean_value ",[56,41195,288],{"class":75},[56,41197,7918],{"class":284},[56,41199,497],{"class":66},[56,41201,8120],{"class":237},[56,41203,8129],{"class":66},[56,41205,41206],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,41207,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,41209,41210,41212,41214,41216,41218,41221],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,41211,63],{"class":62},[56,41213,67],{"class":66},[56,41215,258],{"class":989},[56,41217,67],{"class":66},[56,41219,41220],{"class":237},"clean_value",[56,41222,83],{"class":66},[14,41224,130],{},[47,41226,41228],{"className":49,"code":41227,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"7.25\n",[18,41229,41230],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41231,41232],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41233,41227],{"class":79},[615,41235,41237],{"id":41236},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[14,41239,41240],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[47,41242,41244],{"className":49,"code":41243,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[18,41245,41246,41259,41263,41273,41287,41302,41306,41320],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41247,41248,41250,41252,41254,41257],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41249,524],{"class":284},[56,41251,288],{"class":75},[56,41253,1448],{"class":937},[56,41255,41256],{"class":941}," 3.5 ",[56,41258,1454],{"class":937},[56,41260,41261],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,41262,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,41264,41265,41267,41269,41271],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,41266,63],{"class":62},[56,41268,67],{"class":66},[56,41270,551],{"class":237},[56,41272,241],{"class":66},[56,41274,41275,41277,41279,41281,41283,41285],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,41276,63],{"class":62},[56,41278,67],{"class":66},[56,41280,1314],{"class":989},[56,41282,67],{"class":66},[56,41284,551],{"class":237},[56,41286,83],{"class":66},[56,41288,41289,41291,41293,41296,41298,41300],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,41290,63],{"class":62},[56,41292,67],{"class":66},[56,41294,41295],{"class":62},"repr",[56,41297,67],{"class":66},[56,41299,551],{"class":237},[56,41301,83],{"class":66},[56,41303,41304],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,41305,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,41307,41308,41310,41312,41314,41316,41318],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,41309,41193],{"class":284},[56,41311,288],{"class":75},[56,41313,7918],{"class":284},[56,41315,497],{"class":66},[56,41317,8120],{"class":237},[56,41319,8129],{"class":66},[56,41321,41322,41324,41326,41328,41330,41332],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,41323,63],{"class":62},[56,41325,67],{"class":66},[56,41327,258],{"class":989},[56,41329,67],{"class":66},[56,41331,41220],{"class":237},[56,41333,83],{"class":66},[14,41335,41336],{},"Why this helps:",[26,41338,41339,41345,41350,41356],{},[29,41340,41341,41344],{},[18,41342,41343],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[29,41346,41347,20870],{},[18,41348,41349],{},"print(type(value))",[29,41351,41352,41355],{},[18,41353,41354],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[29,41357,41358,41360],{},[18,41359,41169],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[615,41362,41364],{"id":41363},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[14,41366,41367],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[47,41369,41371],{"className":49,"code":41370,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[18,41372,41373,41392,41396,41402,41417,41436,41445],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41374,41375,41377,41379,41381,41383,41385,41388,41390],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41376,524],{"class":284},[56,41378,288],{"class":75},[56,41380,7726],{"class":62},[56,41382,67],{"class":66},[56,41384,938],{"class":937},[56,41386,41387],{"class":941},"Enter a number: ",[56,41389,938],{"class":937},[56,41391,241],{"class":66},[56,41393,41394],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,41395,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,41397,41398,41400],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,41399,29310],{"class":3341},[56,41401,5871],{"class":66},[56,41403,41404,41407,41409,41411,41413,41415],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,41405,41406],{"class":284},"    number ",[56,41408,288],{"class":75},[56,41410,39770],{"class":989},[56,41412,67],{"class":66},[56,41414,551],{"class":237},[56,41416,241],{"class":66},[56,41418,41419,41421,41423,41425,41428,41430,41432,41434],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,41420,7552],{"class":62},[56,41422,67],{"class":66},[56,41424,938],{"class":937},[56,41426,41427],{"class":941},"Converted:",[56,41429,938],{"class":937},[56,41431,1080],{"class":66},[56,41433,263],{"class":237},[56,41435,241],{"class":66},[56,41437,41438,41440,41443],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,41439,29341],{"class":3341},[56,41441,41442],{"class":989}," ValueError",[56,41444,5871],{"class":66},[56,41446,41447,41449,41451,41453,41456,41458],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,41448,7552],{"class":62},[56,41450,67],{"class":66},[56,41452,938],{"class":937},[56,41454,41455],{"class":941},"That is not a valid number.",[56,41457,938],{"class":937},[56,41459,241],{"class":66},[14,41461,41462,41463,497],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[372,41464,40411],{"href":40410},[42,41466,41468],{"id":41467},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[14,41470,10080,41471,3862,41473,41475],{},[18,41472,970],{},[18,41474,963],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[14,41477,41478,41480],{},[18,41479,970],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[47,41482,41484],{"className":49,"code":41483,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[18,41485,41486],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41487,41488,41490,41492,41494,41496,41498,41501,41503],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41489,63],{"class":62},[56,41491,67],{"class":66},[56,41493,258],{"class":989},[56,41495,67],{"class":66},[56,41497,938],{"class":937},[56,41499,41500],{"class":941},"3.9",[56,41502,938],{"class":937},[56,41504,83],{"class":66},[14,41506,130],{},[47,41508,41510],{"className":49,"code":41509,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3.9\n",[18,41511,41512],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41513,41514],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41515,41509],{"class":79},[14,41517,41518,41520],{},[18,41519,963],{}," creates whole numbers:",[47,41522,41524],{"className":49,"code":41523,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[18,41525,41526],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41527,41528,41530,41532,41534,41536,41538,41540,41542],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41529,63],{"class":62},[56,41531,67],{"class":66},[56,41533,254],{"class":989},[56,41535,67],{"class":66},[56,41537,938],{"class":937},[56,41539,406],{"class":941},[56,41541,938],{"class":937},[56,41543,83],{"class":66},[14,41545,130],{},[47,41547,41548],{"className":49,"code":452,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,41549,41550],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41551,41552],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41553,452],{"class":79},[14,41555,41556,41557,41560],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[18,41558,41559],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[47,41562,41564],{"className":49,"code":41563,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[18,41565,41566],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41567,41568,41570,41572,41574,41576,41578,41580,41582],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41569,63],{"class":62},[56,41571,67],{"class":66},[56,41573,254],{"class":989},[56,41575,67],{"class":66},[56,41577,938],{"class":937},[56,41579,41500],{"class":941},[56,41581,938],{"class":937},[56,41583,83],{"class":66},[14,41585,1093,41586,8087,41588,41591],{},[18,41587,40219],{},[18,41589,41590],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[14,41593,10203],{},[26,41595,41596,41602],{},[29,41597,41598,41601],{},[18,41599,41600],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[29,41603,41604,41606],{},[18,41605,41559],{}," fails",[14,41608,41609,41610,41613,41614,41616],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[372,41611,41612],{"href":960},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[372,41615,496],{"href":495}," helpful.",[42,41618,1553],{"id":1552},[615,41620,41622],{"id":41621},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[14,41624,41625,41626,964,41628,497],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[18,41627,570],{},[18,41629,39658],{},[615,41631,41633],{"id":41632},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[14,41635,41636,41637,964,41640,497],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[18,41638,41639],{},"\"2.5\"",[18,41641,41642],{},"\"10\"",[615,41644,41646],{"id":41645},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[14,41648,28567,41649,41651,41652,497],{},[18,41650,41045],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[18,41653,40219],{},[615,41655,41657],{"id":41656},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[14,41659,4621,41660,497],{},[18,41661,3231],{},[615,41663,41665],{"id":41664},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[14,41667,41668,41669,41671,41672,3862,41675,41671,41677,497],{},"Yes. ",[18,41670,3060],{}," becomes ",[18,41673,41674],{},"1.0",[18,41676,3134],{},[18,41678,3231],{},[42,41680,1601],{"id":1600},[26,41682,41683,41687,41693,41698,41702,41706],{},[29,41684,41685],{},[372,41686,41612],{"href":960},[29,41688,41689],{},[372,41690,41692],{"href":41691},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[29,41694,41695],{},[372,41696,41697],{"href":40406},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[29,41699,41700],{},[372,41701,8545],{"href":8467},[29,41703,41704],{},[372,41705,40411],{"href":40410},[29,41707,41708],{},[372,41709,41710],{"href":7703},"Python input() Function Explained",[1633,41712,41713],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":41715},[41716,41717,41718,41719,41726,41731,41732,41739,41744,41751,41752,41759],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":39705,"depth":86,"text":39706},{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":39930,"depth":86,"text":39931,"children":41720},[41721,41722,41723,41724,41725],{"id":39939,"depth":102,"text":39940},{"id":40003,"depth":102,"text":40004},{"id":40067,"depth":102,"text":40068},{"id":40109,"depth":102,"text":40110},{"id":40164,"depth":102,"text":40165},{"id":40203,"depth":86,"text":40204,"children":41727},[41728,41729,41730],{"id":40212,"depth":102,"text":40213},{"id":40298,"depth":102,"text":40299},{"id":40368,"depth":102,"text":40369},{"id":16918,"depth":86,"text":16919},{"id":40560,"depth":86,"text":40561,"children":41733},[41734,41736,41737,41738],{"id":40564,"depth":102,"text":41735},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40657,"depth":102,"text":40658},{"id":40743,"depth":102,"text":40744},{"id":40805,"depth":102,"text":40806},{"id":40865,"depth":86,"text":40866,"children":41740},[41741,41742,41743],{"id":40874,"depth":102,"text":40875},{"id":40913,"depth":102,"text":40914},{"id":40954,"depth":102,"text":40955},{"id":41019,"depth":86,"text":41020,"children":41745},[41746,41747,41748,41749,41750],{"id":41029,"depth":102,"text":40219},{"id":41095,"depth":102,"text":1096},{"id":41162,"depth":102,"text":41163},{"id":41236,"depth":102,"text":41237},{"id":41363,"depth":102,"text":41364},{"id":41467,"depth":86,"text":41468},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":41753},[41754,41755,41756,41757,41758],{"id":41621,"depth":102,"text":41622},{"id":41632,"depth":102,"text":41633},{"id":41645,"depth":102,"text":41646},{"id":41656,"depth":102,"text":41657},{"id":41664,"depth":102,"text":41665},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39606,"description":41760},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":41767,"title":41768,"body":41769,"description":42990,"extension":1665,"meta":42991,"navigation":316,"path":34534,"seo":42992,"stem":42993,"__hash__":42994},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":41770,"toc":42956},[41771,41774,41779,41782,41784,41823,41837,41841,41846,41849,41866,41869,41879,41894,41897,41899,41902,41918,41921,41924,41944,41948,41959,41962,41966,41970,41984,42019,42023,42034,42069,42072,42074,42082,42115,42131,42133,42143,42164,42175,42177,42182,42185,42199,42201,42220,42223,42236,42239,42243,42247,42261,42264,42282,42285,42300,42304,42309,42323,42329,42331,42388,42390,42423,42426,42442,42446,42453,42457,42462,42465,42476,42480,42485,42500,42509,42514,42533,42536,42548,42550,42555,42565,42568,42597,42602,42611,42615,42620,42623,42627,42632,42634,42664,42667,42674,42679,42684,42688,42691,42699,42702,42780,42783,42805,42807,42811,42814,42818,42824,42887,42891,42899,42903,42906,42908,42933,42953],[10,41772,41768],{"id":41773},"python-help-function-explained",[14,41775,3038,41776,41778],{},[18,41777,34537],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[14,41780,41781],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[42,41783,45],{"id":44},[47,41785,41787],{"className":49,"code":41786,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[18,41788,41789,41799,41809],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41790,41791,41793,41795,41797],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41792,31660],{"class":62},[56,41794,67],{"class":66},[56,41796,10653],{"class":62},[56,41798,241],{"class":66},[56,41800,41801,41803,41805,41807],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,41802,31660],{"class":62},[56,41804,67],{"class":66},[56,41806,1540],{"class":989},[56,41808,241],{"class":66},[56,41810,41811,41813,41815,41817,41819,41821],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,41812,31660],{"class":62},[56,41814,67],{"class":66},[56,41816,1394],{"class":937},[56,41818,34168],{"class":941},[56,41820,1394],{"class":937},[56,41822,241],{"class":66},[14,41824,153,41825,41827,41828,964,41830,41832,41833,41836],{},[18,41826,34537],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[18,41829,10653],{},[18,41831,1540],{},", or use a string such as ",[18,41834,41835],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[42,41838,41840],{"id":41839},"what-help-does","What help() does",[14,41842,41843,41845],{},[18,41844,34537],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[14,41847,41848],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[26,41850,41851,41854,41857,41860,41863],{},[29,41852,41853],{},"Functions",[29,41855,41856],{},"Classes",[29,41858,41859],{},"Methods",[29,41861,41862],{},"Modules",[29,41864,41865],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[14,41867,41868],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[14,41870,41871,41872,41878],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[372,41873,41875],{"href":41874},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[18,41876,41877],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[47,41880,41882],{"className":49,"code":41881,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(len)\n",[18,41883,41884],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41885,41886,41888,41890,41892],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41887,31660],{"class":62},[56,41889,67],{"class":66},[56,41891,10653],{"class":62},[56,41893,241],{"class":66},[14,41895,41896],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[42,41898,220],{"id":219},[14,41900,41901],{},"The main form is:",[47,41903,41905],{"className":49,"code":41904,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(object)\n",[18,41906,41907],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41908,41909,41911,41913,41916],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41910,31660],{"class":62},[56,41912,67],{"class":66},[56,41914,41915],{"class":989},"object",[56,41917,241],{"class":66},[14,41919,41920],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[14,41922,41923],{},"Common examples include:",[26,41925,41926,41930,41935,41939],{},[29,41927,41928],{},[18,41929,10653],{},[29,41931,41932],{},[18,41933,41934],{},"list.append",[29,41936,41937],{},[18,41938,1540],{},[29,41940,41941],{},[18,41942,41943],{},"open",[14,41945,6655,41946,6658],{},[18,41947,34537],{},[47,41949,41951],{"className":49,"code":41950,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help()\n",[18,41952,41953],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41954,41955,41957],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41956,31660],{"class":62},[56,41958,8129],{"class":66},[14,41960,41961],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[42,41963,41965],{"id":41964},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[615,41967,41969],{"id":41968},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[14,41971,41972,41973,255,41975,255,41977,16572,41980,497],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[18,41974,10653],{},[18,41976,63],{},[18,41978,41979],{},"input",[372,41981,41982],{"href":374},[18,41983,377],{},[47,41985,41987],{"className":49,"code":41986,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[18,41988,41989,41999,42009],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,41990,41991,41993,41995,41997],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,41992,31660],{"class":62},[56,41994,67],{"class":66},[56,41996,63],{"class":62},[56,41998,241],{"class":66},[56,42000,42001,42003,42005,42007],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,42002,31660],{"class":62},[56,42004,67],{"class":66},[56,42006,41979],{"class":62},[56,42008,241],{"class":66},[56,42010,42011,42013,42015,42017],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,42012,31660],{"class":62},[56,42014,67],{"class":66},[56,42016,1314],{"class":989},[56,42018,241],{"class":66},[615,42020,42022],{"id":42021},"data-types","Data types",[14,42024,42025,42026,255,42028,255,42030,16572,42032,497],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[18,42027,1540],{},[18,42029,7577],{},[18,42031,8308],{},[18,42033,5764],{},[47,42035,42037],{"className":49,"code":42036,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[18,42038,42039,42049,42059],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42040,42041,42043,42045,42047],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42042,31660],{"class":62},[56,42044,67],{"class":66},[56,42046,1540],{"class":989},[56,42048,241],{"class":66},[56,42050,42051,42053,42055,42057],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,42052,31660],{"class":62},[56,42054,67],{"class":66},[56,42056,7577],{"class":989},[56,42058,241],{"class":66},[56,42060,42061,42063,42065,42067],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,42062,31660],{"class":62},[56,42064,67],{"class":66},[56,42066,8308],{"class":989},[56,42068,241],{"class":66},[14,42070,42071],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[615,42073,41859],{"id":34015},[14,42075,42076,42077,3862,42080,497],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[18,42078,42079],{},"str.split",[18,42081,41934],{},[47,42083,42085],{"className":49,"code":42084,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[18,42086,42087,42101],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42088,42089,42091,42093,42095,42097,42099],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42090,31660],{"class":62},[56,42092,67],{"class":66},[56,42094,1540],{"class":989},[56,42096,497],{"class":66},[56,42098,33978],{"class":24254},[56,42100,241],{"class":66},[56,42102,42103,42105,42107,42109,42111,42113],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,42104,31660],{"class":62},[56,42106,67],{"class":66},[56,42108,7577],{"class":989},[56,42110,497],{"class":66},[56,42112,13050],{"class":24254},[56,42114,241],{"class":66},[14,42116,42117,42118,8191,42120,27819,42125,42127,42128,42130],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[18,42119,34537],{},[372,42121,42123],{"href":42122},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[18,42124,33820],{},[18,42126,33820],{}," shows available names, while ",[18,42129,34537],{}," explains one of them.",[615,42132,41862],{"id":34168},[14,42134,42135,42136,255,42138,16572,42140,497],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[18,42137,17918],{},[18,42139,34700],{},[18,42141,42142],{},"os",[47,42144,42146],{"className":49,"code":42145,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[18,42147,42148,42154],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42149,42150,42152],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42151,34601],{"class":3341},[56,42153,34604],{"class":284},[56,42155,42156,42158,42160,42162],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,42157,31660],{"class":62},[56,42159,67],{"class":66},[56,42161,17918],{"class":237},[56,42163,241],{"class":66},[14,42165,42166,42167,42171,42172,497],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[372,42168,42170],{"href":42169},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[372,42173,34667],{"href":42174},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[42,42176,34428],{"id":34427},[14,42178,42179,42181],{},[18,42180,34537],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[14,42183,42184],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[26,42186,42187,42190,42193,42196],{},[29,42188,42189],{},"The function signature",[29,42191,42192],{},"The short description",[29,42194,42195],{},"Parameter names",[29,42197,42198],{},"Return value details, when shown",[14,42200,4947],{},[47,42202,42204],{"className":49,"code":42203,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(str.split)\n",[18,42205,42206],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42207,42208,42210,42212,42214,42216,42218],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42209,31660],{"class":62},[56,42211,67],{"class":66},[56,42213,1540],{"class":989},[56,42215,497],{"class":66},[56,42217,33978],{"class":24254},[56,42219,241],{"class":66},[14,42221,42222],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[26,42224,42225,42228,42231,42233],{},[29,42226,42227],{},"What object this is",[29,42229,42230],{},"What arguments it accepts",[29,42232,21473],{},[29,42234,42235],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[14,42237,42238],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[42,42240,42242],{"id":42241},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[14,42244,42245,29380],{},[18,42246,34537],{},[26,42248,42249,42252,42255,42258],{},[29,42250,42251],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[29,42253,42254],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[29,42256,42257],{},"You are exploring a new module",[29,42259,42260],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[14,42262,42263],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[47,42265,42266],{"className":49,"code":42203,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,42267,42268],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42269,42270,42272,42274,42276,42278,42280],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42271,31660],{"class":62},[56,42273,67],{"class":66},[56,42275,1540],{"class":989},[56,42277,497],{"class":66},[56,42279,33978],{"class":24254},[56,42281,241],{"class":66},[14,42283,42284],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[47,42286,42288],{"className":49,"code":42287,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(open)\n",[18,42289,42290],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42291,42292,42294,42296,42298],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42293,31660],{"class":62},[56,42295,67],{"class":66},[56,42297,41943],{"class":62},[56,42299,241],{"class":66},[42,42301,42303],{"id":42302},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[14,42305,42306,42308],{},[18,42307,34537],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[26,42310,42311,42314,42317,42320],{},[29,42312,42313],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[29,42315,42316],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[29,42318,42319],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[29,42321,42322],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[14,42324,42325,42326,42328],{},"So, ",[18,42327,34537],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[14,42330,4947],{},[47,42332,42334],{"className":49,"code":42333,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,42335,42336,42349,42373,42377],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42337,42338,42340,42342,42344,42347],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42339,34197],{"class":284},[56,42341,288],{"class":75},[56,42343,1448],{"class":937},[56,42345,42346],{"class":941},"a,b,c",[56,42348,1454],{"class":937},[56,42350,42351,42354,42356,42359,42361,42363,42365,42367,42369,42371],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,42352,42353],{"class":284},"parts ",[56,42355,288],{"class":75},[56,42357,42358],{"class":284}," text",[56,42360,497],{"class":66},[56,42362,33978],{"class":237},[56,42364,67],{"class":66},[56,42366,938],{"class":937},[56,42368,1080],{"class":941},[56,42370,938],{"class":937},[56,42372,241],{"class":66},[56,42374,42375],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,42376,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,42378,42379,42381,42383,42386],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,42380,63],{"class":62},[56,42382,67],{"class":66},[56,42384,42385],{"class":237},"parts",[56,42387,241],{"class":66},[14,42389,5035],{},[47,42391,42393],{"className":49,"code":42392,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,42394,42395],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42396,42397,42399,42401,42403,42405,42407,42409,42411,42413,42415,42417,42419,42421],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42398,3366],{"class":66},[56,42400,1394],{"class":937},[56,42402,372],{"class":941},[56,42404,1394],{"class":937},[56,42406,1080],{"class":66},[56,42408,1389],{"class":937},[56,42410,4232],{"class":941},[56,42412,1394],{"class":937},[56,42414,1080],{"class":66},[56,42416,1389],{"class":937},[56,42418,9228],{"class":941},[56,42420,1394],{"class":937},[56,42422,3093],{"class":66},[14,42424,42425],{},"A good workflow is:",[28219,42427,42428,42433,42436,42439],{},[29,42429,153,42430,42432],{},[18,42431,34537],{}," to inspect something",[29,42434,42435],{},"Write a tiny example",[29,42437,42438],{},"Check the result",[29,42440,42441],{},"Repeat",[42,42443,42445],{"id":42444},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[14,42447,42448,3862,42450,42452],{},[18,42449,34537],{},[18,42451,33820],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[615,42454,42455],{"id":31660},[18,42456,34537],{},[14,42458,153,42459,42461],{},[18,42460,34537],{}," when you want an explanation.",[14,42463,42464],{},"It tells you:",[26,42466,42467,42470,42473],{},[29,42468,42469],{},"What something is",[29,42471,42472],{},"How to use it",[29,42474,42475],{},"What parameters it accepts",[615,42477,42478],{"id":33881},[18,42479,33820],{},[14,42481,153,42482,42484],{},[18,42483,33820],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[47,42486,42488],{"className":49,"code":42487,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dir(str)\n",[18,42489,42490],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42491,42492,42494,42496,42498],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42493,33881],{"class":62},[56,42495,67],{"class":66},[56,42497,1540],{"class":989},[56,42499,241],{"class":66},[14,42501,42502,42503,255,42505,16572,42507,497],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[18,42504,33978],{},[18,42506,8120],{},[18,42508,8126],{},[14,42510,42511,42512,971],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[18,42513,34537],{},[47,42515,42517],{"className":49,"code":42516,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(str.lower)\n",[18,42518,42519],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42520,42521,42523,42525,42527,42529,42531],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42522,31660],{"class":62},[56,42524,67],{"class":66},[56,42526,1540],{"class":989},[56,42528,497],{"class":66},[56,42530,8126],{"class":24254},[56,42532,241],{"class":66},[14,42534,42535],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[26,42537,42538,42543],{},[29,42539,153,42540,42542],{},[18,42541,33820],{}," to discover options",[29,42544,153,42545,42547],{},[18,42546,34537],{}," to understand one option",[42,42549,912],{"id":911},[14,42551,42552,42553,497],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[18,42554,34537],{},[615,42556,7902,42558,42561,42562],{"id":42557},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[18,42559,42560],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[18,42563,42564],{},"help(len)",[14,42566,42567],{},"These are not always the same.",[47,42569,42571],{"className":49,"code":42570,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[18,42572,42573,42583],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42574,42575,42577,42579,42581],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42576,31660],{"class":62},[56,42578,67],{"class":66},[56,42580,10653],{"class":62},[56,42582,241],{"class":66},[56,42584,42585,42587,42589,42591,42593,42595],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,42586,31660],{"class":62},[56,42588,67],{"class":66},[56,42590,1394],{"class":937},[56,42592,10653],{"class":941},[56,42594,1394],{"class":937},[56,42596,241],{"class":66},[14,42598,42599,42601],{},[18,42600,42564],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[14,42603,42604,42606,42607,42610],{},[18,42605,42560],{}," treats ",[18,42608,42609],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[615,42612,42614],{"id":42613},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[14,42616,42617,42619],{},[18,42618,34537],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[14,42621,42622],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[615,42624,42626],{"id":42625},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[14,42628,39858,42629,42631],{},[18,42630,34537],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[14,42633,274],{},[47,42635,42637],{"className":49,"code":42636,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[18,42638,42639,42649],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42640,42641,42643,42645,42647],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42642,31660],{"class":62},[56,42644,67],{"class":66},[56,42646,10653],{"class":62},[56,42648,241],{"class":66},[56,42650,42651,42653,42655,42657,42660,42662],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,42652,63],{"class":62},[56,42654,67],{"class":66},[56,42656,938],{"class":937},[56,42658,42659],{"class":941},"Done",[56,42661,938],{"class":937},[56,42663,241],{"class":66},[14,42665,42666],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[615,42668,36717,42670,8191,42672],{"id":42669},"confusing-help-with-dir",[18,42671,34537],{},[18,42673,33820],{},[14,42675,42676,42677,497],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[18,42678,33820],{},[14,42680,42681,42682,497],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[18,42683,34537],{},[42,42685,42687],{"id":42686},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[14,42689,42690],{},"Open Python:",[47,42692,42693],{"className":49,"code":35053,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,42694,42695],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42696,42697],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42698,35053],{"class":284},[14,42700,42701],{},"Then test these commands:",[47,42703,42705],{"className":49,"code":42704,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[18,42706,42707,42717,42731,42745,42755,42770],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42708,42709,42711,42713,42715],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42710,31660],{"class":62},[56,42712,67],{"class":66},[56,42714,10653],{"class":62},[56,42716,241],{"class":66},[56,42718,42719,42721,42723,42725,42727,42729],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,42720,31660],{"class":62},[56,42722,67],{"class":66},[56,42724,1540],{"class":989},[56,42726,497],{"class":66},[56,42728,33978],{"class":24254},[56,42730,241],{"class":66},[56,42732,42733,42735,42737,42739,42741,42743],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,42734,31660],{"class":62},[56,42736,67],{"class":66},[56,42738,7577],{"class":989},[56,42740,497],{"class":66},[56,42742,13050],{"class":24254},[56,42744,241],{"class":66},[56,42746,42747,42749,42751,42753],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,42748,31660],{"class":62},[56,42750,67],{"class":66},[56,42752,41943],{"class":62},[56,42754,241],{"class":66},[56,42756,42757,42759,42761,42763,42766,42768],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,42758,31660],{"class":62},[56,42760,67],{"class":66},[56,42762,1394],{"class":937},[56,42764,42765],{"class":941},"keywords",[56,42767,1394],{"class":937},[56,42769,241],{"class":66},[56,42771,42772,42774,42776,42778],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,42773,33881],{"class":62},[56,42775,67],{"class":66},[56,42777,1540],{"class":989},[56,42779,241],{"class":66},[14,42781,42782],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[26,42784,42785,42788,42791,42794,42797,42800],{},[29,42786,42787],{},"A built-in function",[29,42789,42790],{},"A string method",[29,42792,42793],{},"A list method",[29,42795,42796],{},"A built-in file function",[29,42798,42799],{},"A special help topic",[29,42801,14687,42802,42804],{},[18,42803,33820],{}," example for comparison",[42,42806,1553],{"id":1552},[615,42808,42810],{"id":42809},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[14,42812,42813],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[615,42815,42817],{"id":42816},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[14,42819,42820,42821,42823],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[18,42822,34537],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[47,42825,42827],{"className":49,"code":42826,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[18,42828,42829,42841,42854,42873,42877],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,42830,42831,42833,42835,42837,42839],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,42832,34361],{"class":124},[56,42834,34365],{"class":34364},[56,42836,67],{"class":66},[56,42838,7149],{"class":37176},[56,42840,7826],{"class":66},[56,42842,42843,42847,42851],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,42844,42846],{"class":42845},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[56,42848,42850],{"class":42849},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[56,42852,42853],{"class":42845},"\"\"\"\n",[56,42855,42856,42858,42861,42864,42866,42868,42870],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,42857,34372],{"class":3341},[56,42859,42860],{"class":124}," f",[56,42862,42863],{"class":941},"\"Hello, ",[56,42865,8766],{"class":79},[56,42867,7149],{"class":284},[56,42869,21806],{"class":79},[56,42871,42872],{"class":941},"!\"\n",[56,42874,42875],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,42876,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,42878,42879,42881,42883,42885],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,42880,31660],{"class":62},[56,42882,67],{"class":66},[56,42884,34407],{"class":237},[56,42886,241],{"class":66},[615,42888,42890],{"id":42889},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[14,42892,42893,42895,42896,42898],{},[18,42894,42564],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[18,42897,42560],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[615,42900,42902],{"id":42901},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[14,42904,42905],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[42,42907,1601],{"id":1600},[26,42909,42910,42915,42919,42924,42929],{},[29,42911,42912],{},[372,42913,42914],{"href":42122},"Python dir() function explained",[29,42916,42917],{},[372,42918,7927],{"href":374},[29,42920,42921],{},[372,42922,42923],{"href":41874},"Python len() function explained",[29,42925,42926],{},[372,42927,42928],{"href":42169},"How import works in Python",[29,42930,42931],{},[372,42932,34667],{"href":42174},[14,42934,42935,42936,42938,42939,255,42941,16572,42943,42945,42946,964,42949,42952],{},"Try ",[18,42937,34537],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[18,42940,10653],{},[18,42942,63],{},[18,42944,41979],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[18,42947,42948],{},"dir(str)",[18,42950,42951],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1633,42954,42955],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":42957},[42958,42959,42960,42961,42967,42968,42969,42970,42974,42982,42983,42989],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":41839,"depth":86,"text":41840},{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":41964,"depth":86,"text":41965,"children":42962},[42963,42964,42965,42966],{"id":41968,"depth":102,"text":41969},{"id":42021,"depth":102,"text":42022},{"id":34015,"depth":102,"text":41859},{"id":34168,"depth":102,"text":41862},{"id":34427,"depth":86,"text":34428},{"id":42241,"depth":86,"text":42242},{"id":42302,"depth":86,"text":42303},{"id":42444,"depth":86,"text":42445,"children":42971},[42972,42973],{"id":31660,"depth":102,"text":34537},{"id":33881,"depth":102,"text":33820},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912,"children":42975},[42976,42978,42979,42980],{"id":42557,"depth":102,"text":42977},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42613,"depth":102,"text":42614},{"id":42625,"depth":102,"text":42626},{"id":42669,"depth":102,"text":42981},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":42686,"depth":86,"text":42687},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":42984},[42985,42986,42987,42988],{"id":42809,"depth":102,"text":42810},{"id":42816,"depth":102,"text":42817},{"id":42889,"depth":102,"text":42890},{"id":42901,"depth":102,"text":42902},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":41768,"description":42990},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":42996,"title":42997,"body":42998,"description":44360,"extension":1665,"meta":44361,"navigation":316,"path":44362,"seo":44363,"stem":44364,"__hash__":44365},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42999,"toc":44333},[43000,43006,43011,43017,43027,43086,43096,43107,43112,43118,43120,43138,43146,43148,43150,43165,43168,43179,43181,43272,43275,43279,43284,43305,43307,43418,43420,43447,43458,43462,43465,43548,43550,43558,43564,43570,43574,43577,43687,43689,43702,43705,43719,43727,43734,43739,43753,43759,43872,43874,43935,43938,43944,43950,43953,43975,43978,44048,44051,44083,44090,44092,44095,44113,44116,44128,44134,44136,44141,44167,44170,44242,44244,44250,44253,44259,44262,44268,44278,44284,44287,44294,44297,44299,44330],[10,43001,3031,43003,3035],{"id":43002},"python-id-function-explained",[18,43004,43005],{},"id()",[14,43007,31825,43008,43010],{},[18,43009,43005],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[14,43012,43013,43014,43016],{},"Beginners usually see ",[18,43015,43005],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[14,43018,153,43019,43021,43022,43024,43025,497],{},[18,43020,43005],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[3205,43023,4101],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[18,43026,4159],{},[47,43028,43030],{"className":49,"code":43029,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[18,43031,43032,43044,43058,43062,43072],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43033,43034,43036,43038,43040,43042],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43035,7359],{"class":284},[56,43037,288],{"class":75},[56,43039,1448],{"class":937},[56,43041,6777],{"class":941},[56,43043,1454],{"class":937},[56,43045,43046,43048,43050,43052,43054,43056],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,43047,63],{"class":62},[56,43049,67],{"class":66},[56,43051,12144],{"class":62},[56,43053,67],{"class":66},[56,43055,7149],{"class":237},[56,43057,83],{"class":66},[56,43059,43060],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,43061,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,43063,43064,43067,43069],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,43065,43066],{"class":284},"other ",[56,43068,288],{"class":75},[56,43070,43071],{"class":284}," name\n",[56,43073,43074,43076,43078,43080,43082,43084],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,43075,63],{"class":62},[56,43077,67],{"class":66},[56,43079,12144],{"class":62},[56,43081,67],{"class":66},[56,43083,30250],{"class":237},[56,43085,83],{"class":66},[14,43087,43088,43089,43092,43093,43095],{},"In this example, ",[18,43090,43091],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[18,43094,43005],{}," values match.",[43097,43098,43099],"blockquote",{},[14,43100,153,43101,43103,43104,43106],{},[18,43102,43005],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[18,43105,4159],{}," for value comparison.",[42,43108,3138,43110,3141],{"id":43109},"what-id-does",[18,43111,43005],{},[14,43113,43114,43117],{},[18,43115,43116],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[14,43119,12548],{},[26,43121,43122,43125,43132,43135],{},[29,43123,43124],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[29,43126,43127,43128,43131],{},"It shows ",[3205,43129,43130],{},"object identity",", not object value",[29,43133,43134],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[29,43136,43137],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[14,43139,43140,43141,43145],{},"This is closely related to how ",[372,43142,43144],{"href":43143},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[42,43147,220],{"id":219},[14,43149,4909],{},[47,43151,43153],{"className":49,"code":43152,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"id(object)\n",[18,43154,43155],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43156,43157,43159,43161,43163],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43158,12144],{"class":62},[56,43160,67],{"class":66},[56,43162,41915],{"class":989},[56,43164,241],{"class":66},[14,43166,43167],{},"Important details:",[26,43169,43170,43173,43176],{},[29,43171,43172],{},"It takes one argument",[29,43174,43175],{},"It returns an integer",[29,43177,43178],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[14,43180,274],{},[47,43182,43184],{"className":49,"code":43183,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[18,43185,43186,43198,43206,43226,43230,43244,43258],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43187,43188,43190,43192,43194,43196],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43189,34197],{"class":284},[56,43191,288],{"class":75},[56,43193,1448],{"class":937},[56,43195,3309],{"class":941},[56,43197,1454],{"class":937},[56,43199,43200,43202,43204],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,43201,285],{"class":284},[56,43203,288],{"class":75},[56,43205,850],{"class":79},[56,43207,43208,43210,43212,43214,43216,43218,43220,43222,43224],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,43209,7261],{"class":284},[56,43211,288],{"class":75},[56,43213,3080],{"class":66},[56,43215,1077],{"class":79},[56,43217,1080],{"class":66},[56,43219,1083],{"class":79},[56,43221,1080],{"class":66},[56,43223,529],{"class":79},[56,43225,3093],{"class":66},[56,43227,43228],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,43229,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,43231,43232,43234,43236,43238,43240,43242],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,43233,63],{"class":62},[56,43235,67],{"class":66},[56,43237,12144],{"class":62},[56,43239,67],{"class":66},[56,43241,34218],{"class":237},[56,43243,83],{"class":66},[56,43245,43246,43248,43250,43252,43254,43256],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,43247,63],{"class":62},[56,43249,67],{"class":66},[56,43251,12144],{"class":62},[56,43253,67],{"class":66},[56,43255,309],{"class":237},[56,43257,83],{"class":66},[56,43259,43260,43262,43264,43266,43268,43270],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,43261,63],{"class":62},[56,43263,67],{"class":66},[56,43265,12144],{"class":62},[56,43267,67],{"class":66},[56,43269,7292],{"class":237},[56,43271,83],{"class":66},[14,43273,43274],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[42,43276,43278],{"id":43277},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[14,43280,43281,43282,497],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[18,43283,43005],{},[26,43285,43286,43293,43300],{},[29,43287,43288,43290,43291],{},[18,43289,4159],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[3205,43292,551],{},[29,43294,43295,43297,43298],{},[18,43296,11688],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[3205,43299,41915],{},[29,43301,43302,43304],{},[18,43303,43005],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[14,43306,274],{},[47,43308,43310],{"className":49,"code":43309,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[18,43311,43312,43332,43352,43356,43373,43390,43404],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43313,43314,43316,43318,43320,43322,43324,43326,43328,43330],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43315,635],{"class":284},[56,43317,288],{"class":75},[56,43319,3080],{"class":66},[56,43321,1077],{"class":79},[56,43323,1080],{"class":66},[56,43325,1083],{"class":79},[56,43327,1080],{"class":66},[56,43329,529],{"class":79},[56,43331,3093],{"class":66},[56,43333,43334,43336,43338,43340,43342,43344,43346,43348,43350],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,43335,663],{"class":284},[56,43337,288],{"class":75},[56,43339,3080],{"class":66},[56,43341,1077],{"class":79},[56,43343,1080],{"class":66},[56,43345,1083],{"class":79},[56,43347,1080],{"class":66},[56,43349,529],{"class":79},[56,43351,3093],{"class":66},[56,43353,43354],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,43355,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,43357,43358,43360,43362,43364,43366,43368,43370],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,43359,63],{"class":62},[56,43361,67],{"class":66},[56,43363,635],{"class":237},[56,43365,4159],{"class":75},[56,43367,640],{"class":237},[56,43369,3120],{"class":66},[56,43371,43372],{"class":3123},"   # True\n",[56,43374,43375,43377,43379,43381,43383,43385,43387],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,43376,63],{"class":62},[56,43378,67],{"class":66},[56,43380,635],{"class":237},[56,43382,11688],{"class":3341},[56,43384,640],{"class":237},[56,43386,3120],{"class":66},[56,43388,43389],{"class":3123},"   # False\n",[56,43391,43392,43394,43396,43398,43400,43402],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,43393,63],{"class":62},[56,43395,67],{"class":66},[56,43397,12144],{"class":62},[56,43399,67],{"class":66},[56,43401,372],{"class":237},[56,43403,83],{"class":66},[56,43405,43406,43408,43410,43412,43414,43416],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,43407,63],{"class":62},[56,43409,67],{"class":66},[56,43411,12144],{"class":62},[56,43413,67],{"class":66},[56,43415,4232],{"class":237},[56,43417,83],{"class":66},[14,43419,244],{},[26,43421,43422,43430,43438],{},[29,43423,43424,4255,43427,43429],{},[18,43425,43426],{},"a == b",[18,43428,3060],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[29,43431,43432,4255,43435,43437],{},[18,43433,43434],{},"a is b",[18,43436,3134],{}," because they are different list objects",[29,43439,43440,3862,43443,43446],{},[18,43441,43442],{},"id(a)",[18,43444,43445],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[14,43448,43449,43450,3862,43454,497],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[372,43451,43453],{"href":43452},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[372,43455,43457],{"href":43456},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[42,43459,43461],{"id":43460},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[14,43463,43464],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[47,43466,43468],{"className":49,"code":43467,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[18,43469,43470,43490,43500,43504,43518,43533],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43471,43472,43474,43476,43478,43480,43482,43484,43486,43488],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43473,3075],{"class":284},[56,43475,288],{"class":75},[56,43477,3080],{"class":66},[56,43479,406],{"class":79},[56,43481,1080],{"class":66},[56,43483,7272],{"class":79},[56,43485,1080],{"class":66},[56,43487,7277],{"class":79},[56,43489,3093],{"class":66},[56,43491,43492,43495,43497],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,43493,43494],{"class":284},"other_numbers ",[56,43496,288],{"class":75},[56,43498,43499],{"class":284}," numbers\n",[56,43501,43502],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,43503,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,43505,43506,43508,43510,43512,43514,43516],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,43507,63],{"class":62},[56,43509,67],{"class":66},[56,43511,12144],{"class":62},[56,43513,67],{"class":66},[56,43515,3107],{"class":237},[56,43517,83],{"class":66},[56,43519,43520,43522,43524,43526,43528,43531],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,43521,63],{"class":62},[56,43523,67],{"class":66},[56,43525,12144],{"class":62},[56,43527,67],{"class":66},[56,43529,43530],{"class":237},"other_numbers",[56,43532,83],{"class":66},[56,43534,43535,43537,43539,43541,43543,43546],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,43536,63],{"class":62},[56,43538,67],{"class":66},[56,43540,3075],{"class":237},[56,43542,11688],{"class":3341},[56,43544,43545],{"class":237}," other_numbers",[56,43547,241],{"class":66},[14,43549,5035],{},[47,43551,43552],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,43553,43554],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43555,43556],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43557,3446],{"class":3316},[14,43559,43560,43561,43563],{},"The two ",[18,43562,43005],{}," values will also match.",[14,43565,21692,43566,43569],{},[18,43567,43568],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[42,43571,43573],{"id":43572},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[14,43575,43576],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[47,43578,43580],{"className":49,"code":43579,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[18,43581,43582,43603,43624,43628,43643,43657,43672],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43583,43584,43587,43589,43591,43593,43595,43597,43599,43601],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43585,43586],{"class":284},"list_a ",[56,43588,288],{"class":75},[56,43590,3080],{"class":66},[56,43592,1077],{"class":79},[56,43594,1080],{"class":66},[56,43596,1083],{"class":79},[56,43598,1080],{"class":66},[56,43600,529],{"class":79},[56,43602,3093],{"class":66},[56,43604,43605,43608,43610,43612,43614,43616,43618,43620,43622],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,43606,43607],{"class":284},"list_b ",[56,43609,288],{"class":75},[56,43611,3080],{"class":66},[56,43613,1077],{"class":79},[56,43615,1080],{"class":66},[56,43617,1083],{"class":79},[56,43619,1080],{"class":66},[56,43621,529],{"class":79},[56,43623,3093],{"class":66},[56,43625,43626],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,43627,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,43629,43630,43632,43634,43636,43638,43641],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,43631,63],{"class":62},[56,43633,67],{"class":66},[56,43635,43586],{"class":237},[56,43637,4159],{"class":75},[56,43639,43640],{"class":237}," list_b",[56,43642,241],{"class":66},[56,43644,43645,43647,43649,43651,43653,43655],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,43646,63],{"class":62},[56,43648,67],{"class":66},[56,43650,43586],{"class":237},[56,43652,11688],{"class":3341},[56,43654,43640],{"class":237},[56,43656,241],{"class":66},[56,43658,43659,43661,43663,43665,43667,43670],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,43660,63],{"class":62},[56,43662,67],{"class":66},[56,43664,12144],{"class":62},[56,43666,67],{"class":66},[56,43668,43669],{"class":237},"list_a",[56,43671,83],{"class":66},[56,43673,43674,43676,43678,43680,43682,43685],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,43675,63],{"class":62},[56,43677,67],{"class":66},[56,43679,12144],{"class":62},[56,43681,67],{"class":66},[56,43683,43684],{"class":237},"list_b",[56,43686,83],{"class":66},[14,43688,5035],{},[47,43690,43692],{"className":49,"code":43691,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\nFalse\n",[18,43693,43694,43698],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43695,43696],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43697,3446],{"class":3316},[56,43699,43700],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,43701,3507],{"class":3316},[14,43703,43704],{},"What this means:",[26,43706,43707,43710,43713],{},[29,43708,43709],{},"The lists are equal in value",[29,43711,43712],{},"They are not the same object",[29,43714,43715,43716,43718],{},"Their ",[18,43717,43005],{}," values are usually different",[14,43720,43721,43722,43724,43725,497],{},"This is why ",[18,43723,43005],{}," should not replace ",[18,43726,4159],{},[42,43728,43730,43731,43733],{"id":43729},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[18,43732,43005],{}," is useful",[14,43735,43736,43738],{},[18,43737,43005],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[26,43740,43741,43744,43747,43750],{},[29,43742,43743],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[29,43745,43746],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[29,43748,43749],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[29,43751,43752],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[14,43754,43755,43756,43758],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[18,43757,43005],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[47,43760,43762],{"className":49,"code":43761,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[18,43763,43764,43788,43797,43801,43820,43824,43834,43844,43858],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43765,43766,43768,43770,43772,43774,43776,43778,43780,43782,43784,43786],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43767,11580],{"class":284},[56,43769,288],{"class":75},[56,43771,3080],{"class":66},[56,43773,938],{"class":937},[56,43775,372],{"class":941},[56,43777,938],{"class":937},[56,43779,1080],{"class":66},[56,43781,1448],{"class":937},[56,43783,4232],{"class":941},[56,43785,938],{"class":937},[56,43787,3093],{"class":66},[56,43789,43790,43793,43795],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,43791,43792],{"class":284},"copy_ref ",[56,43794,288],{"class":75},[56,43796,11618],{"class":284},[56,43798,43799],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,43800,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,43802,43803,43806,43808,43810,43812,43814,43816,43818],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,43804,43805],{"class":284},"copy_ref",[56,43807,497],{"class":66},[56,43809,13050],{"class":237},[56,43811,67],{"class":66},[56,43813,938],{"class":937},[56,43815,9228],{"class":941},[56,43817,938],{"class":937},[56,43819,241],{"class":66},[56,43821,43822],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,43823,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,43825,43826,43828,43830,43832],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,43827,63],{"class":62},[56,43829,67],{"class":66},[56,43831,11627],{"class":237},[56,43833,241],{"class":66},[56,43835,43836,43838,43840,43842],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,43837,63],{"class":62},[56,43839,67],{"class":66},[56,43841,43805],{"class":237},[56,43843,241],{"class":66},[56,43845,43846,43848,43850,43852,43854,43856],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,43847,63],{"class":62},[56,43849,67],{"class":66},[56,43851,12144],{"class":62},[56,43853,67],{"class":66},[56,43855,11627],{"class":237},[56,43857,83],{"class":66},[56,43859,43860,43862,43864,43866,43868,43870],{"class":58,"line":5910},[56,43861,63],{"class":62},[56,43863,67],{"class":66},[56,43865,12144],{"class":62},[56,43867,67],{"class":66},[56,43869,43805],{"class":237},[56,43871,83],{"class":66},[14,43873,5035],{},[47,43875,43877],{"className":49,"code":43876,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,43878,43879,43907],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43880,43881,43883,43885,43887,43889,43891,43893,43895,43897,43899,43901,43903,43905],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43882,3366],{"class":66},[56,43884,1394],{"class":937},[56,43886,372],{"class":941},[56,43888,1394],{"class":937},[56,43890,1080],{"class":66},[56,43892,1389],{"class":937},[56,43894,4232],{"class":941},[56,43896,1394],{"class":937},[56,43898,1080],{"class":66},[56,43900,1389],{"class":937},[56,43902,9228],{"class":941},[56,43904,1394],{"class":937},[56,43906,3093],{"class":66},[56,43908,43909,43911,43913,43915,43917,43919,43921,43923,43925,43927,43929,43931,43933],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,43910,3366],{"class":66},[56,43912,1394],{"class":937},[56,43914,372],{"class":941},[56,43916,1394],{"class":937},[56,43918,1080],{"class":66},[56,43920,1389],{"class":937},[56,43922,4232],{"class":941},[56,43924,1394],{"class":937},[56,43926,1080],{"class":66},[56,43928,1389],{"class":937},[56,43930,9228],{"class":941},[56,43932,1394],{"class":937},[56,43934,3093],{"class":66},[14,43936,43937],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[42,43939,43941,43942],{"id":43940},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[18,43943,43005],{},[14,43945,43946,43947,43949],{},"Do not use ",[18,43948,43005],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[14,43951,43952],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[26,43954,43955,43961,43967,43970],{},[29,43956,43957,43958,43960],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[18,43959,4159],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[29,43962,43963,43964,43966],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[18,43965,43005],{}," values across program runs",[29,43968,43969],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[29,43971,43972,43973],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[18,43974,43005],{},[14,43976,43977],{},"Bad example:",[47,43979,43981],{"className":49,"code":43980,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[18,43982,43983,43995,44007,44011,44033],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,43984,43985,43987,43989,43991,43993],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,43986,635],{"class":284},[56,43988,288],{"class":75},[56,43990,1448],{"class":937},[56,43992,36560],{"class":941},[56,43994,1454],{"class":937},[56,43996,43997,43999,44001,44003,44005],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,43998,663],{"class":284},[56,44000,288],{"class":75},[56,44002,1448],{"class":937},[56,44004,36560],{"class":941},[56,44006,1454],{"class":937},[56,44008,44009],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,44010,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,44012,44013,44015,44017,44019,44021,44023,44025,44027,44029,44031],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,44014,6477],{"class":3341},[56,44016,14314],{"class":62},[56,44018,67],{"class":66},[56,44020,372],{"class":237},[56,44022,3120],{"class":66},[56,44024,5886],{"class":75},[56,44026,14314],{"class":62},[56,44028,67],{"class":66},[56,44030,4232],{"class":237},[56,44032,7826],{"class":66},[56,44034,44035,44037,44039,44041,44044,44046],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,44036,7552],{"class":62},[56,44038,67],{"class":66},[56,44040,938],{"class":937},[56,44042,44043],{"class":941},"The values are equal",[56,44045,938],{"class":937},[56,44047,241],{"class":66},[14,44049,44050],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[47,44052,44054],{"className":49,"code":44053,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[18,44055,44056,44069],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44057,44058,44060,44063,44065,44067],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44059,6477],{"class":3341},[56,44061,44062],{"class":284}," a ",[56,44064,4159],{"class":75},[56,44066,640],{"class":284},[56,44068,5871],{"class":66},[56,44070,44071,44073,44075,44077,44079,44081],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,44072,7552],{"class":62},[56,44074,67],{"class":66},[56,44076,938],{"class":937},[56,44078,44043],{"class":941},[56,44080,938],{"class":937},[56,44082,241],{"class":66},[14,44084,153,44085,964,44087,44089],{},[18,44086,11688],{},[18,44088,43005],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[42,44091,20303],{"id":20302},[14,44093,44094],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[26,44096,44097,44100,44103,44108],{},[29,44098,44099],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[29,44101,44102],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[29,44104,44105,44106],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[18,44107,43005],{},[29,44109,44110,44111],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[18,44112,43005],{},[14,44114,44115],{},"The important rule is:",[26,44117,44118,44123],{},[29,44119,153,44120,44122],{},[18,44121,4159],{}," to check value",[29,44124,153,44125,44127],{},[18,44126,11688],{}," to check identity",[14,44129,44130,44131,44133],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[18,44132,43005],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[42,44135,912],{"id":911},[14,44137,44138,44139,971],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[18,44140,43005],{},[26,44142,44143,44151,44154,44157,44162],{},[29,44144,7902,44145,44147,44148,44150],{},[18,44146,43005],{}," when ",[18,44149,4159],{}," should be used",[29,44152,44153],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[29,44155,44156],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[29,44158,44159,44160],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[18,44161,43005],{},[29,44163,7902,44164,44166],{},[18,44165,43005],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[14,44168,44169],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[47,44171,44173],{"className":49,"code":44172,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[18,44174,44175,44190,44204,44218,44232],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44176,44177,44179,44181,44183,44185,44188],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44178,63],{"class":62},[56,44180,67],{"class":66},[56,44182,12144],{"class":62},[56,44184,67],{"class":66},[56,44186,44187],{"class":237},"my_object",[56,44189,83],{"class":66},[56,44191,44192,44194,44196,44198,44200,44202],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,44193,63],{"class":62},[56,44195,67],{"class":66},[56,44197,635],{"class":237},[56,44199,4159],{"class":75},[56,44201,640],{"class":237},[56,44203,241],{"class":66},[56,44205,44206,44208,44210,44212,44214,44216],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,44207,63],{"class":62},[56,44209,67],{"class":66},[56,44211,635],{"class":237},[56,44213,11688],{"class":3341},[56,44215,640],{"class":237},[56,44217,241],{"class":66},[56,44219,44220,44222,44224,44226,44228,44230],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,44221,63],{"class":62},[56,44223,67],{"class":66},[56,44225,1314],{"class":989},[56,44227,67],{"class":66},[56,44229,44187],{"class":237},[56,44231,83],{"class":66},[56,44233,44234,44236,44238,44240],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,44235,31660],{"class":62},[56,44237,67],{"class":66},[56,44239,12144],{"class":62},[56,44241,241],{"class":66},[42,44243,1553],{"id":1552},[615,44245,44247,44248,12211],{"id":44246},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[18,44249,43005],{},[14,44251,44252],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[615,44254,14401,44256,44258],{"id":44255},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[18,44257,43005],{}," the same as a memory address?",[14,44260,44261],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[615,44263,20923,44265,44267],{"id":44264},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[18,44266,43005],{}," to compare two values?",[14,44269,29777,44270,44272,44273,964,44275,44277],{},[18,44271,4159],{}," to compare values. Use ",[18,44274,43005],{},[18,44276,11688],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[615,44279,44281,44282,571],{"id":44280},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[18,44283,43005],{},[14,44285,44286],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[615,44288,44290,44291,44293],{"id":44289},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[18,44292,43005],{}," values?",[14,44295,44296],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[42,44298,1601],{"id":1600},[26,44300,44301,44306,44311,44316,44324],{},[29,44302,44303],{},[372,44304,44305],{"href":43143},"Python variables explained for beginners",[29,44307,44308],{},[372,44309,44310],{"href":43452},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[29,44312,44313],{},[372,44314,44315],{"href":43456},"Python data types overview",[29,44317,44318],{},[372,44319,3031,44321,1610],{"href":44320},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[18,44322,44323],{},"isinstance()",[29,44325,44326],{},[372,44327,44329],{"href":44328},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1633,44331,44332],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":44334},[44335,44337,44338,44339,44340,44341,44343,44345,44346,44347,44359],{"id":43109,"depth":86,"text":44336},"What id() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":43277,"depth":86,"text":43278},{"id":43460,"depth":86,"text":43461},{"id":43572,"depth":86,"text":43573},{"id":43729,"depth":86,"text":44342},"When id() is useful",{"id":43940,"depth":86,"text":44344},"When not to use id()",{"id":20302,"depth":86,"text":20303},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":44348},[44349,44351,44353,44355,44357],{"id":44246,"depth":102,"text":44350},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44255,"depth":102,"text":44352},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44264,"depth":102,"text":44354},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44280,"depth":102,"text":44356},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44289,"depth":102,"text":44358},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":42997,"description":44360},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44367,"title":41710,"body":44368,"description":46008,"extension":1665,"meta":46009,"navigation":316,"path":46010,"seo":46011,"stem":46012,"__hash__":46013},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44369,"toc":45974},[44370,44375,44380,44383,44385,44428,44433,44436,44441,44446,44449,44465,44467,44511,44513,44540,44542,44557,44559,44561,44563,44579,44581,44593,44596,44630,44633,44658,44663,44665,44670,44674,44677,44679,44727,44729,44762,44768,44779,44781,44833,44835,44866,44868,44872,44876,44919,44925,44931,44983,44991,44996,45000,45091,45093,45126,45129,45131,45191,45193,45219,45229,45231,45235,45240,45245,45247,45284,45286,45305,45308,45312,45315,45371,45383,45392,45394,45421,45429,45436,45440,45443,45480,45483,45489,45526,45528,45532,45538,45556,45561,45609,45613,45702,45705,45712,45714,45716,45721,45739,45741,45784,45790,45807,45809,45871,45873,45875,45881,45889,45895,45901,45910,45920,45924,45932,45934,45936,45971],[10,44371,3031,44373,3035],{"id":44372},"python-input-function-explained",[18,44374,1046],{},[14,44376,16,44377,44379],{},[18,44378,1046],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[14,44381,44382],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[42,44384,45],{"id":44},[47,44386,44388],{"className":49,"code":44387,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[18,44389,44390,44409],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44391,44392,44394,44396,44398,44400,44402,44405,44407],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44393,7359],{"class":284},[56,44395,288],{"class":75},[56,44397,7726],{"class":62},[56,44399,67],{"class":66},[56,44401,938],{"class":937},[56,44403,44404],{"class":941},"Enter your name: ",[56,44406,938],{"class":937},[56,44408,241],{"class":66},[56,44410,44411,44413,44415,44417,44420,44422,44424,44426],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,44412,63],{"class":62},[56,44414,67],{"class":66},[56,44416,938],{"class":937},[56,44418,44419],{"class":941},"Hello, ",[56,44421,938],{"class":937},[56,44423,532],{"class":75},[56,44425,35503],{"class":237},[56,44427,241],{"class":66},[14,44429,153,44430,44432],{},[18,44431,1046],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44434,44435],"hr",{},[42,44437,3138,44439,3141],{"id":44438},"what-input-does",[18,44440,1046],{},[14,44442,44443,44445],{},[18,44444,1046],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[14,44447,44448],{},"Here is what happens:",[26,44450,44451,44456,44459,44462],{},[29,44452,44453,44455],{},[18,44454,1046],{}," waits for the user to type",[29,44457,44458],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[29,44460,44461],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[29,44463,44464],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[14,44466,274],{},[47,44468,44470],{"className":49,"code":44469,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[18,44471,44472,44492],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44473,44474,44477,44479,44481,44483,44485,44488,44490],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44475,44476],{"class":284},"color ",[56,44478,288],{"class":75},[56,44480,7726],{"class":62},[56,44482,67],{"class":66},[56,44484,938],{"class":937},[56,44486,44487],{"class":941},"What is your favorite color? ",[56,44489,938],{"class":937},[56,44491,241],{"class":66},[56,44493,44494,44496,44498,44500,44503,44505,44507,44509],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,44495,63],{"class":62},[56,44497,67],{"class":66},[56,44499,938],{"class":937},[56,44501,44502],{"class":941},"Your favorite color is",[56,44504,938],{"class":937},[56,44506,1080],{"class":66},[56,44508,35362],{"class":237},[56,44510,241],{"class":66},[14,44512,29536],{},[47,44514,44516],{"className":49,"code":44515,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[18,44517,44518,44531],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44519,44520,44522,44524,44527,44529],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44521,3138],{"class":284},[56,44523,11688],{"class":75},[56,44525,44526],{"class":284}," your favorite color",[56,44528,571],{"class":36880},[56,44530,35392],{"class":284},[56,44532,44533,44536,44538],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,44534,44535],{"class":284},"Your favorite color ",[56,44537,11688],{"class":75},[56,44539,35392],{"class":284},[14,44541,19459],{},[26,44543,44544,44549,44554],{},[29,44545,44546,44547],{},"The prompt is ",[18,44548,44487],{},[29,44550,44551,44552],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[18,44553,32399],{},[29,44555,44556],{},"That value is then printed",[44434,44558],{},[42,44560,220],{"id":219},[14,44562,6698],{},[47,44564,44566],{"className":49,"code":44565,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"input(prompt)\n",[18,44567,44568],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44569,44570,44572,44574,44577],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44571,41979],{"class":62},[56,44573,67],{"class":66},[56,44575,44576],{"class":237},"prompt",[56,44578,241],{"class":66},[14,44580,10951],{},[26,44582,44583,44587,44590],{},[29,44584,16,44585,19541],{},[18,44586,44576],{},[29,44588,44589],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[29,44591,44592],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[14,44594,44595],{},"Example with a prompt:",[47,44597,44599],{"className":49,"code":44598,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[18,44600,44601,44620],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44602,44603,44605,44607,44609,44611,44613,44616,44618],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44604,7444],{"class":284},[56,44606,288],{"class":75},[56,44608,7726],{"class":62},[56,44610,67],{"class":66},[56,44612,938],{"class":937},[56,44614,44615],{"class":941},"Enter your username: ",[56,44617,938],{"class":937},[56,44619,241],{"class":66},[56,44621,44622,44624,44626,44628],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,44623,63],{"class":62},[56,44625,67],{"class":66},[56,44627,7468],{"class":237},[56,44629,241],{"class":66},[14,44631,44632],{},"Example without a prompt:",[47,44634,44636],{"className":49,"code":44635,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[18,44637,44638,44648],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44639,44640,44642,44644,44646],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44641,524],{"class":284},[56,44643,288],{"class":75},[56,44645,7726],{"class":62},[56,44647,8129],{"class":66},[56,44649,44650,44652,44654,44656],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,44651,63],{"class":62},[56,44653,67],{"class":66},[56,44655,551],{"class":237},[56,44657,241],{"class":66},[14,44659,7244,44660,44662],{},[18,44661,1046],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44434,44664],{},[42,44666,3138,44668,11199],{"id":44667},"what-input-returns",[18,44669,1046],{},[14,44671,44672,7709],{},[18,44673,1046],{},[14,44675,44676],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[14,44678,274],{},[47,44680,44682],{"className":49,"code":44681,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[18,44683,44684,44703,44713],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44685,44686,44688,44690,44692,44694,44696,44699,44701],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44687,21131],{"class":284},[56,44689,288],{"class":75},[56,44691,7726],{"class":62},[56,44693,67],{"class":66},[56,44695,938],{"class":937},[56,44697,44698],{"class":941},"Enter your age: ",[56,44700,938],{"class":937},[56,44702,241],{"class":66},[56,44704,44705,44707,44709,44711],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,44706,63],{"class":62},[56,44708,67],{"class":66},[56,44710,8787],{"class":237},[56,44712,241],{"class":66},[56,44714,44715,44717,44719,44721,44723,44725],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,44716,63],{"class":62},[56,44718,67],{"class":66},[56,44720,1314],{"class":989},[56,44722,67],{"class":66},[56,44724,8787],{"class":237},[56,44726,83],{"class":66},[14,44728,29536],{},[47,44730,44732],{"className":49,"code":44731,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,44733,44734,44744,44748],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44735,44736,44739,44741],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44737,44738],{"class":284},"Enter your age",[56,44740,971],{"class":66},[56,44742,44743],{"class":79}," 25\n",[56,44745,44746],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,44747,790],{"class":79},[56,44749,44750,44752,44754,44756,44758,44760],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,44751,1383],{"class":75},[56,44753,1386],{"class":124},[56,44755,1389],{"class":937},[56,44757,1540],{"class":941},[56,44759,1394],{"class":937},[56,44761,1397],{"class":75},[14,44763,44764,44765,44767],{},"Even though the user typed ",[18,44766,8681],{},", Python treats it as text.",[14,44769,44770,44771,964,44775,497],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[372,44772,44773],{"href":960},[18,44774,963],{},[372,44776,44777],{"href":967},[18,44778,970],{},[14,44780,274],{},[47,44782,44784],{"className":49,"code":44783,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[18,44785,44786,44809,44819],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44787,44788,44790,44792,44795,44797,44799,44801,44803,44805,44807],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44789,21131],{"class":284},[56,44791,288],{"class":75},[56,44793,44794],{"class":989}," int",[56,44796,67],{"class":66},[56,44798,41979],{"class":62},[56,44800,67],{"class":66},[56,44802,938],{"class":937},[56,44804,44698],{"class":941},[56,44806,938],{"class":937},[56,44808,83],{"class":66},[56,44810,44811,44813,44815,44817],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,44812,63],{"class":62},[56,44814,67],{"class":66},[56,44816,8787],{"class":237},[56,44818,241],{"class":66},[56,44820,44821,44823,44825,44827,44829,44831],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,44822,63],{"class":62},[56,44824,67],{"class":66},[56,44826,1314],{"class":989},[56,44828,67],{"class":66},[56,44830,8787],{"class":237},[56,44832,83],{"class":66},[14,44834,29536],{},[47,44836,44838],{"className":49,"code":44837,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,44839,44840,44848,44852],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44841,44842,44844,44846],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44843,44738],{"class":284},[56,44845,971],{"class":66},[56,44847,44743],{"class":79},[56,44849,44850],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,44851,790],{"class":79},[56,44853,44854,44856,44858,44860,44862,44864],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,44855,1383],{"class":75},[56,44857,1386],{"class":124},[56,44859,1389],{"class":937},[56,44861,254],{"class":941},[56,44863,1394],{"class":937},[56,44865,1397],{"class":75},[44434,44867],{},[42,44869,44871],{"id":44870},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[615,44873,44875],{"id":44874},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[47,44877,44879],{"className":49,"code":44878,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[18,44880,44881,44900],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44882,44883,44885,44887,44889,44891,44893,44896,44898],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44884,7359],{"class":284},[56,44886,288],{"class":75},[56,44888,7726],{"class":62},[56,44890,67],{"class":66},[56,44892,938],{"class":937},[56,44894,44895],{"class":941},"What is your name? ",[56,44897,938],{"class":937},[56,44899,241],{"class":66},[56,44901,44902,44904,44906,44908,44911,44913,44915,44917],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,44903,63],{"class":62},[56,44905,67],{"class":66},[56,44907,938],{"class":937},[56,44909,44910],{"class":941},"Hello,",[56,44912,938],{"class":937},[56,44914,1080],{"class":66},[56,44916,35503],{"class":237},[56,44918,241],{"class":66},[14,44920,44921,44922,44924],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[18,44923,7149],{}," and prints it.",[615,44926,44928,44929],{"id":44927},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[18,44930,963],{},[47,44932,44934],{"className":49,"code":44933,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[18,44935,44936,44959],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,44937,44938,44940,44942,44944,44946,44948,44950,44952,44955,44957],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,44939,21131],{"class":284},[56,44941,288],{"class":75},[56,44943,44794],{"class":989},[56,44945,67],{"class":66},[56,44947,41979],{"class":62},[56,44949,67],{"class":66},[56,44951,938],{"class":937},[56,44953,44954],{"class":941},"How old are you? ",[56,44956,938],{"class":937},[56,44958,83],{"class":66},[56,44960,44961,44963,44965,44967,44970,44972,44974,44977,44979,44981],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,44962,63],{"class":62},[56,44964,67],{"class":66},[56,44966,938],{"class":937},[56,44968,44969],{"class":941},"Next year you will be",[56,44971,938],{"class":937},[56,44973,1080],{"class":66},[56,44975,44976],{"class":237}," age ",[56,44978,118],{"class":75},[56,44980,4973],{"class":79},[56,44982,241],{"class":66},[14,44984,5537,44985,44987,44988,44990],{},[18,44986,963],{}," converts the text from ",[18,44989,1046],{}," into a whole number.",[14,44992,44993,44994,497],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[372,44995,8468],{"href":8467},[615,44997,44999],{"id":44998},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[47,45001,45003],{"className":49,"code":45002,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[18,45004,45005,45029,45053,45067,45071],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45006,45007,45010,45012,45014,45016,45018,45020,45022,45025,45027],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45008,45009],{"class":284},"num1 ",[56,45011,288],{"class":75},[56,45013,44794],{"class":989},[56,45015,67],{"class":66},[56,45017,41979],{"class":62},[56,45019,67],{"class":66},[56,45021,938],{"class":937},[56,45023,45024],{"class":941},"Enter the first number: ",[56,45026,938],{"class":937},[56,45028,83],{"class":66},[56,45030,45031,45034,45036,45038,45040,45042,45044,45046,45049,45051],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,45032,45033],{"class":284},"num2 ",[56,45035,288],{"class":75},[56,45037,44794],{"class":989},[56,45039,67],{"class":66},[56,45041,41979],{"class":62},[56,45043,67],{"class":66},[56,45045,938],{"class":937},[56,45047,45048],{"class":941},"Enter the second number: ",[56,45050,938],{"class":937},[56,45052,83],{"class":66},[56,45054,45055,45057,45059,45062,45064],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,45056,40698],{"class":284},[56,45058,288],{"class":75},[56,45060,45061],{"class":284}," num1 ",[56,45063,118],{"class":75},[56,45065,45066],{"class":284}," num2\n",[56,45068,45069],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,45070,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,45072,45073,45075,45077,45079,45082,45084,45086,45089],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,45074,63],{"class":62},[56,45076,67],{"class":66},[56,45078,938],{"class":937},[56,45080,45081],{"class":941},"Total:",[56,45083,938],{"class":937},[56,45085,1080],{"class":66},[56,45087,45088],{"class":237}," total",[56,45090,241],{"class":66},[14,45092,29536],{},[47,45094,45096],{"className":49,"code":45095,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[18,45097,45098,45108,45117],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45099,45100,45103,45105],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45101,45102],{"class":284},"Enter the first number",[56,45104,971],{"class":66},[56,45106,45107],{"class":79}," 2\n",[56,45109,45110,45113,45115],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,45111,45112],{"class":284},"Enter the second number",[56,45114,971],{"class":66},[56,45116,658],{"class":79},[56,45118,45119,45122,45124],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,45120,45121],{"class":284},"Total",[56,45123,971],{"class":66},[56,45125,34352],{"class":79},[14,45127,45128],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[14,45130,274],{},[47,45132,45134],{"className":49,"code":45133,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[18,45135,45136,45154,45172,45176],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45137,45138,45140,45142,45144,45146,45148,45150,45152],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45139,45009],{"class":284},[56,45141,288],{"class":75},[56,45143,7726],{"class":62},[56,45145,67],{"class":66},[56,45147,938],{"class":937},[56,45149,45024],{"class":941},[56,45151,938],{"class":937},[56,45153,241],{"class":66},[56,45155,45156,45158,45160,45162,45164,45166,45168,45170],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,45157,45033],{"class":284},[56,45159,288],{"class":75},[56,45161,7726],{"class":62},[56,45163,67],{"class":66},[56,45165,938],{"class":937},[56,45167,45048],{"class":941},[56,45169,938],{"class":937},[56,45171,241],{"class":66},[56,45173,45174],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,45175,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,45177,45178,45180,45182,45184,45186,45189],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,45179,63],{"class":62},[56,45181,67],{"class":66},[56,45183,45009],{"class":237},[56,45185,118],{"class":75},[56,45187,45188],{"class":237}," num2",[56,45190,241],{"class":66},[14,45192,29536],{},[47,45194,45196],{"className":49,"code":45195,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[18,45197,45198,45206,45214],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45199,45200,45202,45204],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45201,45102],{"class":284},[56,45203,971],{"class":66},[56,45205,45107],{"class":79},[56,45207,45208,45210,45212],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,45209,45112],{"class":284},[56,45211,971],{"class":66},[56,45213,658],{"class":79},[56,45215,45216],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,45217,45218],{"class":79},"23\n",[14,45220,45221,45222,45225,45226,497],{},"That happens because ",[18,45223,45224],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[18,45227,45228],{},"\"23\"",[44434,45230],{},[42,45232,45234],{"id":45233},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[14,45236,45237,45238,497],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[18,45239,1046],{},[615,45241,4175,45243,41058],{"id":45242},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[18,45244,1046],{},[14,45246,38713],{},[47,45248,45250],{"className":49,"code":45249,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,45251,45252,45270],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45253,45254,45256,45258,45260,45262,45264,45266,45268],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45255,524],{"class":284},[56,45257,288],{"class":75},[56,45259,7726],{"class":62},[56,45261,67],{"class":66},[56,45263,938],{"class":937},[56,45265,41387],{"class":941},[56,45267,938],{"class":937},[56,45269,241],{"class":66},[56,45271,45272,45274,45276,45278,45280,45282],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,45273,63],{"class":62},[56,45275,67],{"class":66},[56,45277,1314],{"class":989},[56,45279,67],{"class":66},[56,45281,551],{"class":237},[56,45283,83],{"class":66},[14,45285,130],{},[47,45287,45289],{"className":49,"code":45288,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,45290,45291],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45292,45293,45295,45297,45299,45301,45303],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45294,1383],{"class":75},[56,45296,1386],{"class":124},[56,45298,1389],{"class":937},[56,45300,1540],{"class":941},[56,45302,1394],{"class":937},[56,45304,1397],{"class":75},[14,45306,45307],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[615,45309,45311],{"id":45310},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[14,45313,45314],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[47,45316,45318],{"className":49,"code":45317,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[18,45319,45320,45338,45357],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45321,45322,45324,45326,45328,45330,45332,45334,45336],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45323,635],{"class":284},[56,45325,288],{"class":75},[56,45327,7726],{"class":62},[56,45329,67],{"class":66},[56,45331,938],{"class":937},[56,45333,41387],{"class":941},[56,45335,938],{"class":937},[56,45337,241],{"class":66},[56,45339,45340,45342,45344,45346,45348,45350,45353,45355],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,45341,663],{"class":284},[56,45343,288],{"class":75},[56,45345,7726],{"class":62},[56,45347,67],{"class":66},[56,45349,938],{"class":937},[56,45351,45352],{"class":941},"Enter another number: ",[56,45354,938],{"class":937},[56,45356,241],{"class":66},[56,45358,45359,45361,45363,45365,45367,45369],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,45360,63],{"class":62},[56,45362,67],{"class":66},[56,45364,635],{"class":237},[56,45366,118],{"class":75},[56,45368,640],{"class":237},[56,45370,241],{"class":66},[14,45372,40636,45373,3862,45375,45377,45378,18465,45381,497],{},[18,45374,584],{},[18,45376,198],{},", the result is ",[18,45379,45380],{},"45",[18,45382,206],{},[615,45384,45386,45387,45389,45390],{"id":45385},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[18,45388,40219],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[18,45391,963],{},[14,45393,274],{},[47,45395,45397],{"className":49,"code":45396,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[18,45398,45399],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45400,45401,45403,45405,45407,45409,45411,45413,45415,45417,45419],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45402,21131],{"class":284},[56,45404,288],{"class":75},[56,45406,44794],{"class":989},[56,45408,67],{"class":66},[56,45410,41979],{"class":62},[56,45412,67],{"class":66},[56,45414,938],{"class":937},[56,45416,44698],{"class":941},[56,45418,938],{"class":937},[56,45420,83],{"class":66},[14,45422,7755,45423,45426,45427,497],{},[18,45424,45425],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[18,45428,40219],{},[14,45430,45431,45432,497],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[372,45433,45435],{"href":45434},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[615,45437,45439],{"id":45438},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[14,45441,45442],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[47,45444,45446],{"className":49,"code":45445,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[18,45447,45448,45466],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45449,45450,45452,45454,45456,45458,45460,45462,45464],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45451,7359],{"class":284},[56,45453,288],{"class":75},[56,45455,7726],{"class":62},[56,45457,67],{"class":66},[56,45459,938],{"class":937},[56,45461,44404],{"class":941},[56,45463,938],{"class":937},[56,45465,241],{"class":66},[56,45467,45468,45470,45472,45474,45476,45478],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,45469,63],{"class":62},[56,45471,67],{"class":66},[56,45473,41295],{"class":62},[56,45475,67],{"class":66},[56,45477,7149],{"class":237},[56,45479,83],{"class":66},[14,45481,45482],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[14,45484,45485,45486,971],{},"You can remove them with ",[18,45487,45488],{},".strip()",[47,45490,45492],{"className":49,"code":45491,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[18,45493,45494,45516],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45495,45496,45498,45500,45502,45504,45506,45508,45510,45512,45514],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45497,7359],{"class":284},[56,45499,288],{"class":75},[56,45501,7726],{"class":62},[56,45503,67],{"class":66},[56,45505,938],{"class":937},[56,45507,44404],{"class":941},[56,45509,938],{"class":937},[56,45511,8117],{"class":66},[56,45513,8120],{"class":237},[56,45515,8129],{"class":66},[56,45517,45518,45520,45522,45524],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,45519,63],{"class":62},[56,45521,67],{"class":66},[56,45523,7149],{"class":237},[56,45525,241],{"class":66},[44434,45527],{},[42,45529,45531],{"id":45530},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[14,45533,45534,45535,45537],{},"These habits make ",[18,45536,1046],{}," easier and safer to use.",[26,45539,45540,45543,45548,45551],{},[29,45541,45542],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[29,45544,153,45545,45547],{},[18,45546,45488],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[29,45549,45550],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[29,45552,153,45553,45555],{},[18,45554,29288],{}," when converting input to numbers",[14,45557,45558,45559,971],{},"Example with ",[18,45560,45488],{},[47,45562,45564],{"className":49,"code":45563,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[18,45565,45566,45590],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45567,45568,45571,45573,45575,45577,45579,45582,45584,45586,45588],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45569,45570],{"class":284},"city ",[56,45572,288],{"class":75},[56,45574,7726],{"class":62},[56,45576,67],{"class":66},[56,45578,938],{"class":937},[56,45580,45581],{"class":941},"Enter your city: ",[56,45583,938],{"class":937},[56,45585,8117],{"class":66},[56,45587,8120],{"class":237},[56,45589,8129],{"class":66},[56,45591,45592,45594,45596,45598,45601,45603,45605,45607],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,45593,63],{"class":62},[56,45595,67],{"class":66},[56,45597,938],{"class":937},[56,45599,45600],{"class":941},"City:",[56,45602,938],{"class":937},[56,45604,1080],{"class":66},[56,45606,30892],{"class":237},[56,45608,241],{"class":66},[14,45610,45558,45611,971],{},[18,45612,29288],{},[47,45614,45616],{"className":49,"code":45615,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[18,45617,45618,45624,45647,45679,45687],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45619,45620,45622],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45621,29310],{"class":3341},[56,45623,5871],{"class":66},[56,45625,45626,45629,45631,45633,45635,45637,45639,45641,45643,45645],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,45627,45628],{"class":284},"    age ",[56,45630,288],{"class":75},[56,45632,44794],{"class":989},[56,45634,67],{"class":66},[56,45636,41979],{"class":62},[56,45638,67],{"class":66},[56,45640,938],{"class":937},[56,45642,44698],{"class":941},[56,45644,938],{"class":937},[56,45646,83],{"class":66},[56,45648,45649,45651,45653,45655,45658,45660,45662,45664,45666,45668,45670,45672,45675,45677],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,45650,7552],{"class":62},[56,45652,67],{"class":66},[56,45654,938],{"class":937},[56,45656,45657],{"class":941},"You will be",[56,45659,938],{"class":937},[56,45661,1080],{"class":66},[56,45663,44976],{"class":237},[56,45665,118],{"class":75},[56,45667,4973],{"class":79},[56,45669,1080],{"class":66},[56,45671,1448],{"class":937},[56,45673,45674],{"class":941},"next year",[56,45676,938],{"class":937},[56,45678,241],{"class":66},[56,45680,45681,45683,45685],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,45682,29341],{"class":3341},[56,45684,41442],{"class":989},[56,45686,5871],{"class":66},[56,45688,45689,45691,45693,45695,45698,45700],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,45690,7552],{"class":62},[56,45692,67],{"class":66},[56,45694,938],{"class":937},[56,45696,45697],{"class":941},"Please enter a whole number.",[56,45699,938],{"class":937},[56,45701,241],{"class":66},[14,45703,45704],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[14,45706,45707,45708,497],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[372,45709,45711],{"href":45710},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44434,45713],{},[42,45715,912],{"id":911},[14,45717,45718,45719,971],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[18,45720,1046],{},[26,45722,45723,45730,45733,45736],{},[29,45724,45725,45726,964,45728],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[18,45727,963],{},[18,45729,970],{},[29,45731,45732],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[29,45734,45735],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[29,45737,45738],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[14,45740,31590],{},[47,45742,45744],{"className":49,"code":45743,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,45745,45746,45756,45770],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45747,45748,45750,45752,45754],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45749,63],{"class":62},[56,45751,67],{"class":66},[56,45753,551],{"class":237},[56,45755,241],{"class":66},[56,45757,45758,45760,45762,45764,45766,45768],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,45759,63],{"class":62},[56,45761,67],{"class":66},[56,45763,1314],{"class":989},[56,45765,67],{"class":66},[56,45767,551],{"class":237},[56,45769,83],{"class":66},[56,45771,45772,45774,45776,45778,45780,45782],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,45773,63],{"class":62},[56,45775,67],{"class":66},[56,45777,41295],{"class":62},[56,45779,67],{"class":66},[56,45781,551],{"class":237},[56,45783,83],{"class":66},[14,45785,45786,45787,45789],{},"These help you inspect what ",[18,45788,1046],{}," actually returned:",[26,45791,45792,45797,45802],{},[29,45793,45794,45796],{},[18,45795,41343],{}," shows the value",[29,45798,45799,45801],{},[18,45800,41349],{}," shows the data type",[29,45803,45804,45806],{},[18,45805,41354],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[14,45808,274],{},[47,45810,45812],{"className":49,"code":45811,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,45813,45814,45833,45843,45857],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,45815,45816,45818,45820,45822,45824,45826,45829,45831],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,45817,524],{"class":284},[56,45819,288],{"class":75},[56,45821,7726],{"class":62},[56,45823,67],{"class":66},[56,45825,938],{"class":937},[56,45827,45828],{"class":941},"Enter something: ",[56,45830,938],{"class":937},[56,45832,241],{"class":66},[56,45834,45835,45837,45839,45841],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,45836,63],{"class":62},[56,45838,67],{"class":66},[56,45840,551],{"class":237},[56,45842,241],{"class":66},[56,45844,45845,45847,45849,45851,45853,45855],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,45846,63],{"class":62},[56,45848,67],{"class":66},[56,45850,1314],{"class":989},[56,45852,67],{"class":66},[56,45854,551],{"class":237},[56,45856,83],{"class":66},[56,45858,45859,45861,45863,45865,45867,45869],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,45860,63],{"class":62},[56,45862,67],{"class":66},[56,45864,41295],{"class":62},[56,45866,67],{"class":66},[56,45868,551],{"class":237},[56,45870,83],{"class":66},[44434,45872],{},[42,45874,1553],{"id":1552},[615,45876,12199,45878,45880],{"id":45877},"does-input-return-an-integer",[18,45879,1046],{}," return an integer?",[14,45882,45883,45884,45886,45887,39444],{},"No. ",[18,45885,1046],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[18,45888,963],{},[615,45890,45892,45893,571],{"id":45891},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[18,45894,1046],{},[14,45896,45897,45898,45900],{},"No. You can call ",[18,45899,1046],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[615,45902,4631,45904,45907,45908,571],{"id":45903},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[18,45905,45906],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[18,45909,1046],{},[14,45911,28567,45912,45914,45915,41671,45917,45919],{},[18,45913,1046],{}," returns strings. ",[18,45916,45224],{},[18,45918,45228],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[615,45921,45923],{"id":45922},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[14,45925,153,45926,45928,45929,497],{},[18,45927,45488],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[18,45930,45931],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44434,45933],{},[42,45935,1601],{"id":1600},[26,45937,45938,45943,45947,45953,45959,45963],{},[29,45939,45940],{},[372,45941,45942],{"href":45710},"How to get user input in Python",[29,45944,45945],{},[372,45946,8545],{"href":8467},[29,45948,45949],{},[372,45950,3031,45951,1610],{"href":960},[18,45952,963],{},[29,45954,45955],{},[372,45956,3031,45957,1610],{"href":967},[18,45958,970],{},[29,45960,45961],{},[372,45962,45435],{"href":45434},[29,45964,45965],{},[372,45966,3031,45968,1610],{"href":45967},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[18,45969,45970],{},"print()",[1633,45972,45973],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":45975},[45976,45977,45979,45980,45982,45988,45996,45997,45998,46007],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":44438,"depth":86,"text":45978},"What input() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":44667,"depth":86,"text":45981},"What input() returns",{"id":44870,"depth":86,"text":44871,"children":45983},[45984,45985,45987],{"id":44874,"depth":102,"text":44875},{"id":44927,"depth":102,"text":45986},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":44998,"depth":102,"text":44999},{"id":45233,"depth":86,"text":45234,"children":45989},[45990,45992,45993,45995],{"id":45242,"depth":102,"text":45991},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45310,"depth":102,"text":45311},{"id":45385,"depth":102,"text":45994},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45438,"depth":102,"text":45439},{"id":45530,"depth":86,"text":45531},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":45999},[46000,46002,46004,46006],{"id":45877,"depth":102,"text":46001},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":45891,"depth":102,"text":46003},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":45903,"depth":102,"text":46005},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":45922,"depth":102,"text":45923},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":41710,"description":46008},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46015,"title":41612,"body":46016,"description":48329,"extension":1665,"meta":48330,"navigation":316,"path":48331,"seo":48332,"stem":48333,"__hash__":48334},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46017,"toc":48281},[46018,46023,46028,46033,46054,46057,46059,46119,46121,46140,46145,46150,46155,46157,46170,46172,46255,46257,46298,46304,46306,46336,46342,46345,46362,46364,46416,46418,46436,46442,46448,46451,46469,46471,46544,46546,46565,46572,46578,46583,46586,46646,46648,46667,46670,46673,46688,46694,46698,46759,46761,46782,46786,46915,46917,47047,47057,47063,47069,47077,47143,47145,47170,47173,47190,47203,47209,47212,47245,47247,47260,47263,47306,47308,47316,47323,47327,47334,47338,47365,47367,47375,47381,47398,47403,47407,47434,47436,47444,47448,47453,47456,47482,47485,47494,47502,47506,47516,47520,47523,47525,47576,47578,47608,47618,47645,47647,47655,47665,47669,47672,47674,47722,47724,47768,47774,47825,47827,47846,47851,47856,47859,47878,47881,47933,47935,47944,47946,47950,47954,47957,47966,47973,47975,48002,48006,48008,48017,48020,48027,48033,48093,48097,48099,48107,48110,48136,48142,48145,48165,48167,48176,48184,48186,48192,48197,48204,48214,48220,48228,48232,48235,48237,48278],[10,46019,3031,46021,3035],{"id":46020},"python-int-function-explained",[18,46022,963],{},[14,46024,31825,46025,46027],{},[18,46026,963],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[14,46029,34916,46030,46032],{},[18,46031,963],{}," when they want to:",[26,46034,46035,46045,46048,46051],{},[29,46036,46037,46038,46041,46042],{},"turn text like ",[18,46039,46040],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[18,46043,46044],{},"42",[29,46046,46047],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[29,46049,46050],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[29,46052,46053],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[14,46055,46056],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[42,46058,45],{"id":44},[47,46060,46062],{"className":49,"code":46061,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[18,46063,46064,46082,46096],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46065,46066,46068,46070,46072,46074,46076,46078,46080],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46067,63],{"class":62},[56,46069,67],{"class":66},[56,46071,254],{"class":989},[56,46073,67],{"class":66},[56,46075,938],{"class":937},[56,46077,46044],{"class":941},[56,46079,938],{"class":937},[56,46081,83],{"class":66},[56,46083,46084,46086,46088,46090,46092,46094],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,46085,63],{"class":62},[56,46087,67],{"class":66},[56,46089,254],{"class":989},[56,46091,67],{"class":66},[56,46093,41500],{"class":79},[56,46095,83],{"class":66},[56,46097,46098,46100,46102,46104,46106,46108,46111,46113,46115,46117],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,46099,63],{"class":62},[56,46101,67],{"class":66},[56,46103,254],{"class":989},[56,46105,67],{"class":66},[56,46107,938],{"class":937},[56,46109,46110],{"class":941},"101",[56,46112,938],{"class":937},[56,46114,1080],{"class":66},[56,46116,1083],{"class":79},[56,46118,83],{"class":66},[14,46120,130],{},[47,46122,46124],{"className":49,"code":46123,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"42\n3\n5\n",[18,46125,46126,46131,46136],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46127,46128],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46129,46130],{"class":79},"42\n",[56,46132,46133],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,46134,46135],{"class":79},"3\n",[56,46137,46138],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,46139,1035],{"class":79},[14,46141,153,46142,46144],{},[18,46143,963],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[42,46146,3138,46148,3141],{"id":46147},"what-int-does",[18,46149,963],{},[14,46151,46152,46154],{},[18,46153,963],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[14,46156,12548],{},[26,46158,46159,46164,46167],{},[29,46160,46161,46162,6820],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[18,46163,254],{},[29,46165,46166],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[29,46168,46169],{},"It does not change the original object.",[14,46171,274],{},[47,46173,46175],{"className":49,"code":46174,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,46176,46177,46189,46203,46207,46217,46227,46241],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46178,46179,46181,46183,46185,46187],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46180,34197],{"class":284},[56,46182,288],{"class":75},[56,46184,1448],{"class":937},[56,46186,8681],{"class":941},[56,46188,1454],{"class":937},[56,46190,46191,46193,46195,46197,46199,46201],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,46192,285],{"class":284},[56,46194,288],{"class":75},[56,46196,44794],{"class":989},[56,46198,67],{"class":66},[56,46200,34218],{"class":237},[56,46202,241],{"class":66},[56,46204,46205],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,46206,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,46208,46209,46211,46213,46215],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,46210,63],{"class":62},[56,46212,67],{"class":66},[56,46214,34218],{"class":237},[56,46216,241],{"class":66},[56,46218,46219,46221,46223,46225],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,46220,63],{"class":62},[56,46222,67],{"class":66},[56,46224,309],{"class":237},[56,46226,241],{"class":66},[56,46228,46229,46231,46233,46235,46237,46239],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,46230,63],{"class":62},[56,46232,67],{"class":66},[56,46234,1314],{"class":989},[56,46236,67],{"class":66},[56,46238,34218],{"class":237},[56,46240,83],{"class":66},[56,46242,46243,46245,46247,46249,46251,46253],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,46244,63],{"class":62},[56,46246,67],{"class":66},[56,46248,1314],{"class":989},[56,46250,67],{"class":66},[56,46252,309],{"class":237},[56,46254,83],{"class":66},[14,46256,130],{},[47,46258,46260],{"className":49,"code":46259,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,46261,46262,46266,46270,46284],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46263,46264],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46265,790],{"class":79},[56,46267,46268],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,46269,790],{"class":79},[56,46271,46272,46274,46276,46278,46280,46282],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,46273,1383],{"class":75},[56,46275,1386],{"class":124},[56,46277,1389],{"class":937},[56,46279,1540],{"class":941},[56,46281,1394],{"class":937},[56,46283,1397],{"class":75},[56,46285,46286,46288,46290,46292,46294,46296],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,46287,1383],{"class":75},[56,46289,1386],{"class":124},[56,46291,1389],{"class":937},[56,46293,254],{"class":941},[56,46295,1394],{"class":937},[56,46297,1397],{"class":75},[14,46299,46300,46301,46303],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[18,46302,963],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[42,46305,220],{"id":219},[47,46307,46309],{"className":49,"code":46308,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[18,46310,46311,46321],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46312,46313,46315,46317,46319],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46314,254],{"class":989},[56,46316,67],{"class":66},[56,46318,238],{"class":237},[56,46320,241],{"class":66},[56,46322,46323,46325,46327,46329,46331,46334],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,46324,254],{"class":989},[56,46326,67],{"class":66},[56,46328,238],{"class":237},[56,46330,1080],{"class":66},[56,46332,46333],{"class":237}," base",[56,46335,241],{"class":66},[615,46337,46339],{"id":46338},"intx",[18,46340,46341],{},"int(x)",[14,46343,46344],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[26,46346,46347,46352,46357],{},[29,46348,46349,46350],{},"a string such as ",[18,46351,41642],{},[29,46353,46354,46355],{},"a float such as ",[18,46356,41500],{},[29,46358,46359,46360],{},"a boolean such as ",[18,46361,3060],{},[14,46363,274],{},[47,46365,46367],{"className":49,"code":46366,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[18,46368,46369,46387,46402],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46370,46371,46373,46375,46377,46379,46381,46383,46385],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46372,63],{"class":62},[56,46374,67],{"class":66},[56,46376,254],{"class":989},[56,46378,67],{"class":66},[56,46380,938],{"class":937},[56,46382,406],{"class":941},[56,46384,938],{"class":937},[56,46386,83],{"class":66},[56,46388,46389,46391,46393,46395,46397,46400],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,46390,63],{"class":62},[56,46392,67],{"class":66},[56,46394,254],{"class":989},[56,46396,67],{"class":66},[56,46398,46399],{"class":79},"8.7",[56,46401,83],{"class":66},[56,46403,46404,46406,46408,46410,46412,46414],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,46405,63],{"class":62},[56,46407,67],{"class":66},[56,46409,254],{"class":989},[56,46411,67],{"class":66},[56,46413,3060],{"class":3316},[56,46415,83],{"class":66},[14,46417,130],{},[47,46419,46421],{"className":49,"code":46420,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"10\n8\n1\n",[18,46422,46423,46427,46431],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46424,46425],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46426,452],{"class":79},[56,46428,46429],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,46430,457],{"class":79},[56,46432,46433],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,46434,46435],{"class":79},"1\n",[615,46437,46439],{"id":46438},"intx-base",[18,46440,46441],{},"int(x, base)",[14,46443,46444,46445,46447],{},"Use this form when ",[18,46446,238],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[14,46449,46450],{},"Common bases:",[26,46452,46453,46458,46463],{},[29,46454,46455,46457],{},[18,46456,115],{}," for binary",[29,46459,46460,46462],{},[18,46461,421],{}," for octal",[29,46464,46465,46468],{},[18,46466,46467],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[14,46470,274],{},[47,46472,46474],{"className":49,"code":46473,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[18,46475,46476,46498,46521],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46477,46478,46480,46482,46484,46486,46488,46490,46492,46494,46496],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46479,63],{"class":62},[56,46481,67],{"class":66},[56,46483,254],{"class":989},[56,46485,67],{"class":66},[56,46487,938],{"class":937},[56,46489,46110],{"class":941},[56,46491,938],{"class":937},[56,46493,1080],{"class":66},[56,46495,1083],{"class":79},[56,46497,83],{"class":66},[56,46499,46500,46502,46504,46506,46508,46510,46513,46515,46517,46519],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,46501,63],{"class":62},[56,46503,67],{"class":66},[56,46505,254],{"class":989},[56,46507,67],{"class":66},[56,46509,938],{"class":937},[56,46511,46512],{"class":941},"17",[56,46514,938],{"class":937},[56,46516,1080],{"class":66},[56,46518,5837],{"class":79},[56,46520,83],{"class":66},[56,46522,46523,46525,46527,46529,46531,46533,46536,46538,46540,46542],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,46524,63],{"class":62},[56,46526,67],{"class":66},[56,46528,254],{"class":989},[56,46530,67],{"class":66},[56,46532,938],{"class":937},[56,46534,46535],{"class":941},"1A",[56,46537,938],{"class":937},[56,46539,1080],{"class":66},[56,46541,13485],{"class":79},[56,46543,83],{"class":66},[14,46545,130],{},[47,46547,46549],{"className":49,"code":46548,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"5\n15\n26\n",[18,46550,46551,46555,46560],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46552,46553],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46554,1035],{"class":79},[56,46556,46557],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,46558,46559],{"class":79},"15\n",[56,46561,46562],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,46563,46564],{"class":79},"26\n",[14,46566,46567,46568,497],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[372,46569,46570,378],{"href":967},[18,46571,970],{},[42,46573,7902,46575,46577],{"id":46574},"using-int-with-strings",[18,46576,963],{}," with strings",[14,46579,46580,46582],{},[18,46581,963],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[14,46584,46585],{},"Examples that work:",[47,46587,46589],{"className":49,"code":46588,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[18,46590,46591,46609,46627],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46592,46593,46595,46597,46599,46601,46603,46605,46607],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46594,63],{"class":62},[56,46596,67],{"class":66},[56,46598,254],{"class":989},[56,46600,67],{"class":66},[56,46602,938],{"class":937},[56,46604,198],{"class":941},[56,46606,938],{"class":937},[56,46608,83],{"class":66},[56,46610,46611,46613,46615,46617,46619,46621,46623,46625],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,46612,63],{"class":62},[56,46614,67],{"class":66},[56,46616,254],{"class":989},[56,46618,67],{"class":66},[56,46620,938],{"class":937},[56,46622,366],{"class":941},[56,46624,938],{"class":937},[56,46626,83],{"class":66},[56,46628,46629,46631,46633,46635,46637,46639,46642,46644],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,46630,63],{"class":62},[56,46632,67],{"class":66},[56,46634,254],{"class":989},[56,46636,67],{"class":66},[56,46638,938],{"class":937},[56,46640,46641],{"class":941},"  42  ",[56,46643,938],{"class":937},[56,46645,83],{"class":66},[14,46647,130],{},[47,46649,46651],{"className":49,"code":46650,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"5\n-12\n42\n",[18,46652,46653,46657,46663],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46654,46655],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46656,1035],{"class":79},[56,46658,46659,46661],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,46660,76],{"class":75},[56,46662,294],{"class":79},[56,46664,46665],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,46666,46130],{"class":79},[14,46668,46669],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[14,46671,46672],{},"Examples that fail:",[47,46674,46676],{"className":49,"code":46675,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[18,46677,46678,46683],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46679,46680],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46681,46682],{"class":3123},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[56,46684,46685],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,46686,46687],{"class":3123},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[14,46689,46690,46691,46693],{},"These raise ",[18,46692,40219],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[615,46695,46697],{"id":46696},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[47,46699,46701],{"className":49,"code":46700,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[18,46702,46703,46721,46740],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46704,46705,46707,46709,46711,46713,46715,46717,46719],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46706,63],{"class":62},[56,46708,67],{"class":66},[56,46710,254],{"class":989},[56,46712,67],{"class":66},[56,46714,938],{"class":937},[56,46716,181],{"class":941},[56,46718,938],{"class":937},[56,46720,83],{"class":66},[56,46722,46723,46725,46727,46729,46731,46733,46736,46738],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,46724,63],{"class":62},[56,46726,67],{"class":66},[56,46728,254],{"class":989},[56,46730,67],{"class":66},[56,46732,938],{"class":937},[56,46734,46735],{"class":941},"+7",[56,46737,938],{"class":937},[56,46739,83],{"class":66},[56,46741,46742,46744,46746,46748,46750,46752,46755,46757],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,46743,63],{"class":62},[56,46745,67],{"class":66},[56,46747,254],{"class":989},[56,46749,67],{"class":66},[56,46751,938],{"class":937},[56,46753,46754],{"class":941},"-100",[56,46756,938],{"class":937},[56,46758,83],{"class":66},[14,46760,130],{},[47,46762,46764],{"className":49,"code":46763,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"0\n7\n-100\n",[18,46765,46766,46771,46775],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46767,46768],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46769,46770],{"class":79},"0\n",[56,46772,46773],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,46774,140],{"class":79},[56,46776,46777,46779],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,46778,76],{"class":75},[56,46780,46781],{"class":79},"100\n",[615,46783,46785],{"id":46784},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[47,46787,46789],{"className":49,"code":46788,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[18,46790,46791,46829,46833,46845,46852,46867,46882],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46792,46793,46795,46797,46799,46801,46803,46805,46807,46809,46812,46814,46816,46818,46820,46822,46825,46827],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46794,3286],{"class":284},[56,46796,288],{"class":75},[56,46798,3080],{"class":66},[56,46800,938],{"class":937},[56,46802,39658],{"class":941},[56,46804,938],{"class":937},[56,46806,1080],{"class":66},[56,46808,1448],{"class":937},[56,46810,46811],{"class":941},"12abc",[56,46813,938],{"class":937},[56,46815,1080],{"class":66},[56,46817,5603],{"class":937},[56,46819,1080],{"class":66},[56,46821,1448],{"class":937},[56,46823,46824],{"class":941},"seven",[56,46826,938],{"class":937},[56,46828,3093],{"class":66},[56,46830,46831],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,46832,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,46834,46835,46837,46839,46841,46843],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,46836,5434],{"class":3341},[56,46838,21087],{"class":284},[56,46840,3348],{"class":3341},[56,46842,3351],{"class":284},[56,46844,5871],{"class":66},[56,46846,46847,46850],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,46848,46849],{"class":3341},"    try",[56,46851,5871],{"class":66},[56,46853,46854,46857,46859,46861,46863,46865],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,46855,46856],{"class":62},"        print",[56,46858,67],{"class":66},[56,46860,254],{"class":989},[56,46862,67],{"class":66},[56,46864,551],{"class":237},[56,46866,83],{"class":66},[56,46868,46869,46872,46874,46877,46880],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,46870,46871],{"class":3341},"    except",[56,46873,41442],{"class":989},[56,46875,46876],{"class":3341}," as",[56,46878,46879],{"class":284}," error",[56,46881,5871],{"class":66},[56,46883,46884,46886,46888,46890,46892,46894,46896,46899,46901,46904,46906,46909,46911,46913],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,46885,46856],{"class":62},[56,46887,67],{"class":66},[56,46889,21797],{"class":124},[56,46891,938],{"class":941},[56,46893,8766],{"class":79},[56,46895,551],{"class":237},[56,46897,46898],{"class":124},"!r",[56,46900,21806],{"class":79},[56,46902,46903],{"class":941}," -> ",[56,46905,8766],{"class":79},[56,46907,46908],{"class":237},"error",[56,46910,21806],{"class":79},[56,46912,938],{"class":941},[56,46914,241],{"class":66},[14,46916,130],{},[47,46918,46920],{"className":49,"code":46919,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[18,46921,46922,46958,46990,47015],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,46923,46924,46926,46928,46930,46933,46936,46938,46940,46942,46945,46948,46950,46952,46954,46956],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,46925,1394],{"class":42845},[56,46927,39658],{"class":42849},[56,46929,1394],{"class":42845},[56,46931,46932],{"class":36880}," ->",[56,46934,46935],{"class":284}," invalid literal ",[56,46937,5434],{"class":3341},[56,46939,44794],{"class":989},[56,46941,6846],{"class":66},[56,46943,46944],{"class":3341}," with",[56,46946,46947],{"class":284}," base ",[56,46949,406],{"class":79},[56,46951,971],{"class":66},[56,46953,1389],{"class":937},[56,46955,39658],{"class":941},[56,46957,29206],{"class":937},[56,46959,46960,46962,46964,46966,46968,46970,46972,46974,46976,46978,46980,46982,46984,46986,46988],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,46961,1394],{"class":937},[56,46963,46811],{"class":941},[56,46965,1394],{"class":937},[56,46967,46932],{"class":36880},[56,46969,46935],{"class":284},[56,46971,5434],{"class":3341},[56,46973,44794],{"class":989},[56,46975,6846],{"class":66},[56,46977,46944],{"class":3341},[56,46979,46947],{"class":284},[56,46981,406],{"class":79},[56,46983,971],{"class":66},[56,46985,1389],{"class":937},[56,46987,46811],{"class":941},[56,46989,29206],{"class":937},[56,46991,46992,46994,46996,46998,47000,47002,47004,47006,47008,47010,47012],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,46993,3236],{"class":937},[56,46995,46932],{"class":36880},[56,46997,46935],{"class":284},[56,46999,5434],{"class":3341},[56,47001,44794],{"class":989},[56,47003,6846],{"class":66},[56,47005,46944],{"class":3341},[56,47007,46947],{"class":284},[56,47009,406],{"class":79},[56,47011,971],{"class":66},[56,47013,47014],{"class":937}," ''\n",[56,47016,47017,47019,47021,47023,47025,47027,47029,47031,47033,47035,47037,47039,47041,47043,47045],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,47018,1394],{"class":937},[56,47020,46824],{"class":941},[56,47022,1394],{"class":937},[56,47024,46932],{"class":36880},[56,47026,46935],{"class":284},[56,47028,5434],{"class":3341},[56,47030,44794],{"class":989},[56,47032,6846],{"class":66},[56,47034,46944],{"class":3341},[56,47036,46947],{"class":284},[56,47038,406],{"class":79},[56,47040,971],{"class":66},[56,47042,1389],{"class":937},[56,47044,46824],{"class":941},[56,47046,29206],{"class":937},[14,47048,47049,47050,47052,47053,497],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[372,47051,8468],{"href":8467}," and the ",[372,47054,47055,378],{"href":7703},[18,47056,1046],{},[42,47058,7902,47060,47062],{"id":47059},"using-int-with-floats",[18,47061,963],{}," with floats",[14,47064,47065,47066,47068],{},"When you pass a float to ",[18,47067,963],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[14,47070,47071,47072,13551,47074,47076],{},"Important: ",[18,47073,963],{},[3205,47075,4101],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[47,47078,47080],{"className":49,"code":47079,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[18,47081,47082,47096,47111,47127],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47083,47084,47086,47088,47090,47092,47094],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47085,63],{"class":62},[56,47087,67],{"class":66},[56,47089,254],{"class":989},[56,47091,67],{"class":66},[56,47093,41500],{"class":79},[56,47095,83],{"class":66},[56,47097,47098,47100,47102,47104,47106,47109],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,47099,63],{"class":62},[56,47101,67],{"class":66},[56,47103,254],{"class":989},[56,47105,67],{"class":66},[56,47107,47108],{"class":79},"3.1",[56,47110,83],{"class":66},[56,47112,47113,47115,47117,47119,47121,47123,47125],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,47114,63],{"class":62},[56,47116,67],{"class":66},[56,47118,254],{"class":989},[56,47120,67],{"class":66},[56,47122,76],{"class":75},[56,47124,41500],{"class":79},[56,47126,83],{"class":66},[56,47128,47129,47131,47133,47135,47137,47139,47141],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,47130,63],{"class":62},[56,47132,67],{"class":66},[56,47134,254],{"class":989},[56,47136,67],{"class":66},[56,47138,76],{"class":75},[56,47140,47108],{"class":79},[56,47142,83],{"class":66},[14,47144,130],{},[47,47146,47148],{"className":49,"code":47147,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[18,47149,47150,47154,47158,47164],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47151,47152],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47153,46135],{"class":79},[56,47155,47156],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,47157,46135],{"class":79},[56,47159,47160,47162],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,47161,76],{"class":75},[56,47163,46135],{"class":79},[56,47165,47166,47168],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,47167,76],{"class":75},[56,47169,46135],{"class":79},[14,47171,47172],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[26,47174,47175,47182],{},[29,47176,47177,41671,47180],{},[18,47178,47179],{},"int(3.9)",[18,47181,121],{},[29,47183,47184,41671,47187],{},[18,47185,47186],{},"int(-3.9)",[18,47188,47189],{},"-3",[14,47191,47192,47193,47197,47198,497],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[372,47194,47195],{"href":967},[18,47196,970],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[372,47199,47200],{"href":41691},[18,47201,47202],{},"str()",[42,47204,7902,47206,47208],{"id":47205},"using-int-with-booleans",[18,47207,963],{}," with booleans",[14,47210,47211],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[47,47213,47215],{"className":49,"code":47214,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[18,47216,47217,47231],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47218,47219,47221,47223,47225,47227,47229],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47220,63],{"class":62},[56,47222,67],{"class":66},[56,47224,254],{"class":989},[56,47226,67],{"class":66},[56,47228,3060],{"class":3316},[56,47230,83],{"class":66},[56,47232,47233,47235,47237,47239,47241,47243],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,47234,63],{"class":62},[56,47236,67],{"class":66},[56,47238,254],{"class":989},[56,47240,67],{"class":66},[56,47242,3134],{"class":3316},[56,47244,83],{"class":66},[14,47246,130],{},[47,47248,47250],{"className":49,"code":47249,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"1\n0\n",[18,47251,47252,47256],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47253,47254],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47255,46435],{"class":79},[56,47257,47258],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,47259,46770],{"class":79},[14,47261,47262],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[47,47264,47266],{"className":49,"code":47265,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,47267,47268,47277,47292,47296],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47269,47270,47273,47275],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47271,47272],{"class":284},"passed ",[56,47274,288],{"class":75},[56,47276,5901],{"class":3316},[56,47278,47279,47281,47283,47285,47287,47290],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,47280,40698],{"class":284},[56,47282,288],{"class":75},[56,47284,44794],{"class":989},[56,47286,67],{"class":66},[56,47288,47289],{"class":237},"passed",[56,47291,241],{"class":66},[56,47293,47294],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,47295,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,47297,47298,47300,47302,47304],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,47299,63],{"class":62},[56,47301,67],{"class":66},[56,47303,40727],{"class":237},[56,47305,241],{"class":66},[14,47307,130],{},[47,47309,47310],{"className":49,"code":46435,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,47311,47312],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47313,47314],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47315,46435],{"class":79},[14,47317,47318,47319,497],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[372,47320,47321,378],{"href":5256},[18,47322,3276],{},[42,47324,47326],{"id":47325},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[14,47328,47329,47330,47333],{},"Use the ",[18,47331,47332],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[615,47335,47337],{"id":47336},"binary-example","Binary example",[47,47339,47341],{"className":49,"code":47340,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[18,47342,47343],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47344,47345,47347,47349,47351,47353,47355,47357,47359,47361,47363],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47346,63],{"class":62},[56,47348,67],{"class":66},[56,47350,254],{"class":989},[56,47352,67],{"class":66},[56,47354,938],{"class":937},[56,47356,46110],{"class":941},[56,47358,938],{"class":937},[56,47360,1080],{"class":66},[56,47362,1083],{"class":79},[56,47364,83],{"class":66},[14,47366,130],{},[47,47368,47369],{"className":49,"code":1035,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,47370,47371],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47372,47373],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47374,1035],{"class":79},[14,47376,47377,47380],{},[18,47378,47379],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[26,47382,47383,47388,47393],{},[29,47384,47385],{},[18,47386,47387],{},"1 × 4",[29,47389,47390],{},[18,47391,47392],{},"0 × 2",[29,47394,47395],{},[18,47396,47397],{},"1 × 1",[14,47399,47400,47401,497],{},"So the result is ",[18,47402,198],{},[615,47404,47406],{"id":47405},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[47,47408,47410],{"className":49,"code":47409,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[18,47411,47412],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47413,47414,47416,47418,47420,47422,47424,47426,47428,47430,47432],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47415,63],{"class":62},[56,47417,67],{"class":66},[56,47419,254],{"class":989},[56,47421,67],{"class":66},[56,47423,938],{"class":937},[56,47425,46535],{"class":941},[56,47427,938],{"class":937},[56,47429,1080],{"class":66},[56,47431,13485],{"class":79},[56,47433,83],{"class":66},[14,47435,130],{},[47,47437,47438],{"className":49,"code":46564,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,47439,47440],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47441,47442],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47443,46564],{"class":79},[615,47445,47447],{"id":47446},"important-rule","Important rule",[14,47449,16,47450,47452],{},[18,47451,47332],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[14,47454,47455],{},"Good:",[47,47457,47458],{"className":49,"code":47340,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,47459,47460],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47461,47462,47464,47466,47468,47470,47472,47474,47476,47478,47480],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47463,63],{"class":62},[56,47465,67],{"class":66},[56,47467,254],{"class":989},[56,47469,67],{"class":66},[56,47471,938],{"class":937},[56,47473,46110],{"class":941},[56,47475,938],{"class":937},[56,47477,1080],{"class":66},[56,47479,1083],{"class":79},[56,47481,83],{"class":66},[14,47483,47484],{},"Not correct:",[47,47486,47488],{"className":49,"code":47487,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# int(101, 2)\n",[18,47489,47490],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47491,47492],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47493,47487],{"class":3123},[14,47495,47496,47497,8087,47499,47501],{},"That causes a ",[18,47498,1096],{},[18,47500,47332],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[42,47503,47505],{"id":47504},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[14,47507,47508,47509,47511,47512,3862,47514,497],{},"Two common errors with ",[18,47510,963],{}," are ",[18,47513,40219],{},[18,47515,1096],{},[615,47517,47518],{"id":41029},[18,47519,40219],{},[14,47521,47522],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[14,47524,274],{},[47,47526,47528],{"className":49,"code":47527,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,47529,47530,47536,47554,47566],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47531,47532,47534],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47533,29310],{"class":3341},[56,47535,5871],{"class":66},[56,47537,47538,47540,47542,47544,47546,47548,47550,47552],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,47539,7552],{"class":62},[56,47541,67],{"class":66},[56,47543,254],{"class":989},[56,47545,67],{"class":66},[56,47547,938],{"class":937},[56,47549,39658],{"class":941},[56,47551,938],{"class":937},[56,47553,83],{"class":66},[56,47555,47556,47558,47560,47562,47564],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,47557,29341],{"class":3341},[56,47559,41442],{"class":989},[56,47561,46876],{"class":3341},[56,47563,46879],{"class":284},[56,47565,5871],{"class":66},[56,47567,47568,47570,47572,47574],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,47569,7552],{"class":62},[56,47571,67],{"class":66},[56,47573,46908],{"class":237},[56,47575,241],{"class":66},[14,47577,130],{},[47,47579,47581],{"className":49,"code":47580,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[18,47582,47583],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47584,47585,47588,47590,47592,47594,47596,47598,47600,47602,47604,47606],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47586,47587],{"class":284},"invalid literal ",[56,47589,5434],{"class":3341},[56,47591,44794],{"class":989},[56,47593,6846],{"class":66},[56,47595,46944],{"class":3341},[56,47597,46947],{"class":284},[56,47599,406],{"class":79},[56,47601,971],{"class":66},[56,47603,1389],{"class":937},[56,47605,39658],{"class":941},[56,47607,29206],{"class":937},[14,47609,47610,47611,47614,47615,47617],{},"A decimal string like ",[18,47612,47613],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[18,47616,963],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[47,47619,47621],{"className":49,"code":47620,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[18,47622,47623],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47624,47625,47627,47629,47631,47633,47635,47637,47639,47641,47643],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47626,63],{"class":62},[56,47628,67],{"class":66},[56,47630,254],{"class":989},[56,47632,67],{"class":66},[56,47634,258],{"class":989},[56,47636,67],{"class":66},[56,47638,938],{"class":937},[56,47640,39658],{"class":941},[56,47642,938],{"class":937},[56,47644,1000],{"class":66},[14,47646,130],{},[47,47648,47649],{"className":49,"code":46135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,47650,47651],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47652,47653],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47654,46135],{"class":79},[14,47656,47657,47658,3862,47661,497],{},"If you see this often, read ",[372,47659,47660],{"href":1050},"how to convert string to int in Python",[372,47662,25184,47663],{"href":45434},[18,47664,45435],{},[615,47666,47667],{"id":41095},[18,47668,1096],{},[14,47670,47671],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[14,47673,274],{},[47,47675,47677],{"className":49,"code":47676,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,47678,47679,47685,47699,47712],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47680,47681,47683],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47682,29310],{"class":3341},[56,47684,5871],{"class":66},[56,47686,47687,47689,47691,47693,47695,47697],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,47688,7552],{"class":62},[56,47690,67],{"class":66},[56,47692,254],{"class":989},[56,47694,67],{"class":66},[56,47696,3241],{"class":3316},[56,47698,83],{"class":66},[56,47700,47701,47703,47706,47708,47710],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,47702,29341],{"class":3341},[56,47704,47705],{"class":989}," TypeError",[56,47707,46876],{"class":3341},[56,47709,46879],{"class":284},[56,47711,5871],{"class":66},[56,47713,47714,47716,47718,47720],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,47715,7552],{"class":62},[56,47717,67],{"class":66},[56,47719,46908],{"class":237},[56,47721,241],{"class":66},[14,47723,130],{},[47,47725,47727],{"className":49,"code":47726,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[18,47728,47729],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47730,47731,47733,47735,47738,47740,47742,47745,47747,47750,47752,47755,47757,47759,47761,47763,47766],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47732,254],{"class":989},[56,47734,6846],{"class":66},[56,47736,47737],{"class":284}," argument must be a string",[56,47739,1080],{"class":66},[56,47741,44062],{"class":284},[56,47743,47744],{"class":989},"bytes",[56,47746,76],{"class":75},[56,47748,47749],{"class":284},"like ",[56,47751,41915],{"class":989},[56,47753,47754],{"class":75}," or",[56,47756,40355],{"class":284},[56,47758,1080],{"class":66},[56,47760,7583],{"class":75},[56,47762,1389],{"class":937},[56,47764,47765],{"class":941},"NoneType",[56,47767,29206],{"class":937},[14,47769,47770,47771,47773],{},"Another example is using the ",[18,47772,47332],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[47,47775,47777],{"className":49,"code":47776,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,47778,47779,47785,47803,47815],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47780,47781,47783],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47782,29310],{"class":3341},[56,47784,5871],{"class":66},[56,47786,47787,47789,47791,47793,47795,47797,47799,47801],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,47788,7552],{"class":62},[56,47790,67],{"class":66},[56,47792,254],{"class":989},[56,47794,67],{"class":66},[56,47796,46110],{"class":79},[56,47798,1080],{"class":66},[56,47800,1083],{"class":79},[56,47802,83],{"class":66},[56,47804,47805,47807,47809,47811,47813],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,47806,29341],{"class":3341},[56,47808,47705],{"class":989},[56,47810,46876],{"class":3341},[56,47812,46879],{"class":284},[56,47814,5871],{"class":66},[56,47816,47817,47819,47821,47823],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,47818,7552],{"class":62},[56,47820,67],{"class":66},[56,47822,46908],{"class":237},[56,47824,241],{"class":66},[14,47826,130],{},[47,47828,47830],{"className":49,"code":47829,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[18,47831,47832],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47833,47834,47836,47838,47841,47843],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47835,254],{"class":989},[56,47837,6846],{"class":66},[56,47839,47840],{"class":284}," can",[56,47842,1394],{"class":937},[56,47844,47845],{"class":941},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[42,47847,4433,47849],{"id":47848},"when-to-use-int",[18,47850,963],{},[14,47852,153,47853,47855],{},[18,47854,963],{}," when you need a whole number.",[14,47857,47858],{},"Common uses:",[26,47860,47861,47867,47870,47873],{},[29,47862,47863,47864,47866],{},"Convert user input from ",[18,47865,1046],{}," into integers",[29,47868,47869],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[29,47871,47872],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[29,47874,47875,47876,36128],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[18,47877,47332],{},[14,47879,47880],{},"Example with user input:",[47,47882,47884],{"className":49,"code":47883,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[18,47885,47886,47900,47915,47919],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47887,47888,47891,47893,47895,47898],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47889,47890],{"class":284},"age_text ",[56,47892,288],{"class":75},[56,47894,1448],{"class":937},[56,47896,47897],{"class":941},"18",[56,47899,1454],{"class":937},[56,47901,47902,47904,47906,47908,47910,47913],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,47903,21131],{"class":284},[56,47905,288],{"class":75},[56,47907,44794],{"class":989},[56,47909,67],{"class":66},[56,47911,47912],{"class":237},"age_text",[56,47914,241],{"class":66},[56,47916,47917],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,47918,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,47920,47921,47923,47925,47927,47929,47931],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,47922,63],{"class":62},[56,47924,67],{"class":66},[56,47926,21131],{"class":237},[56,47928,118],{"class":75},[56,47930,4973],{"class":79},[56,47932,241],{"class":66},[14,47934,130],{},[47,47936,47938],{"className":49,"code":47937,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"19\n",[18,47939,47940],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47941,47942],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47943,47937],{"class":79},[42,47945,912],{"id":911},[14,47947,14231,47948,497],{},[18,47949,963],{},[615,47951,47953],{"id":47952},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[14,47955,47956],{},"This fails:",[47,47958,47960],{"className":49,"code":47959,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[18,47961,47962],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47963,47964],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47965,47959],{"class":3123},[14,47967,47968,47969,47972],{},"Why: ",[18,47970,47971],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[14,47974,18342],{},[47,47976,47978],{"className":49,"code":47977,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[18,47979,47980],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,47981,47982,47984,47986,47988,47990,47992,47994,47996,47998,48000],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,47983,63],{"class":62},[56,47985,67],{"class":66},[56,47987,254],{"class":989},[56,47989,67],{"class":66},[56,47991,258],{"class":989},[56,47993,67],{"class":66},[56,47995,938],{"class":937},[56,47997,40639],{"class":941},[56,47999,938],{"class":937},[56,48001,1000],{"class":66},[615,48003,48005],{"id":48004},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[14,48007,47956],{},[47,48009,48011],{"className":49,"code":48010,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[18,48012,48013],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48014,48015],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48016,48010],{"class":3123},[14,48018,48019],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[615,48021,48023,48024],{"id":48022},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[18,48025,48026],{},"int(None)",[14,48028,48029,48030,48032],{},"This fails because ",[18,48031,3241],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[47,48034,48036],{"className":49,"code":48035,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[18,48037,48038,48047,48051,48057,48071,48083],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48039,48040,48042,48044],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48041,524],{"class":284},[56,48043,288],{"class":75},[56,48045,48046],{"class":3316}," None\n",[56,48048,48049],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,48050,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,48052,48053,48055],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,48054,29310],{"class":3341},[56,48056,5871],{"class":66},[56,48058,48059,48061,48063,48065,48067,48069],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,48060,7552],{"class":62},[56,48062,67],{"class":66},[56,48064,254],{"class":989},[56,48066,67],{"class":66},[56,48068,551],{"class":237},[56,48070,83],{"class":66},[56,48072,48073,48075,48077,48079,48081],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,48074,29341],{"class":3341},[56,48076,47705],{"class":989},[56,48078,46876],{"class":3341},[56,48080,46879],{"class":284},[56,48082,5871],{"class":66},[56,48084,48085,48087,48089,48091],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,48086,7552],{"class":62},[56,48088,67],{"class":66},[56,48090,46908],{"class":237},[56,48092,241],{"class":66},[615,48094,48096],{"id":48095},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[14,48098,47956],{},[47,48100,48101],{"className":49,"code":47487,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,48102,48103],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48104,48105],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48106,47487],{"class":3123},[14,48108,48109],{},"Use a string instead:",[47,48111,48112],{"className":49,"code":47340,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,48113,48114],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48115,48116,48118,48120,48122,48124,48126,48128,48130,48132,48134],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48117,63],{"class":62},[56,48119,67],{"class":66},[56,48121,254],{"class":989},[56,48123,67],{"class":66},[56,48125,938],{"class":937},[56,48127,46110],{"class":941},[56,48129,938],{"class":937},[56,48131,1080],{"class":66},[56,48133,1083],{"class":79},[56,48135,83],{"class":66},[615,48137,7938,48139,48141],{"id":48138},"expecting-int-to-round",[18,48140,963],{}," to round",[14,48143,48144],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[47,48146,48148],{"className":49,"code":48147,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(int(4.9))\n",[18,48149,48150],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48151,48152,48154,48156,48158,48160,48163],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48153,63],{"class":62},[56,48155,67],{"class":66},[56,48157,254],{"class":989},[56,48159,67],{"class":66},[56,48161,48162],{"class":79},"4.9",[56,48164,83],{"class":66},[14,48166,130],{},[47,48168,48170],{"className":49,"code":48169,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"4\n",[18,48171,48172],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48173,48174],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48175,48169],{"class":79},[14,48177,1261,48178,48180,48181,48183],{},[18,48179,198],{},", remember that ",[18,48182,963],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[42,48185,1553],{"id":1552},[615,48187,12199,48189,48191],{"id":48188},"does-int-round-numbers",[18,48190,963],{}," round numbers?",[14,48193,45883,48194,48196],{},[18,48195,963],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[615,48198,4631,48200,48203],{"id":48199},"why-does-int314-fail",[18,48201,48202],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[14,48205,28567,48206,48208,48209,48211,48212,39444],{},[18,48207,47613],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[18,48210,970],{}," first, then use ",[18,48213,963],{},[615,48215,4615,48217,12211],{"id":48216},"what-does-inttrue-return",[18,48218,48219],{},"int(True)",[14,48221,4621,48222,27819,48224,41671,48226,497],{},[18,48223,1077],{},[18,48225,3134],{},[18,48227,181],{},[615,48229,48231],{"id":48230},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[14,48233,48234],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[42,48236,1601],{"id":1600},[26,48238,48239,48245,48251,48257,48262,48266,48272],{},[29,48240,48241],{},[372,48242,48243,1610],{"href":967},[18,48244,970],{},[29,48246,48247],{},[372,48248,48249,1610],{"href":41691},[18,48250,47202],{},[29,48252,48253],{},[372,48254,48255,1610],{"href":5256},[18,48256,3276],{},[29,48258,48259],{},[372,48260,48261],{"href":1050},"How to convert string to int in Python",[29,48263,48264],{},[372,48265,8545],{"href":8467},[29,48267,48268],{},[372,48269,48270,1610],{"href":7703},[18,48271,1046],{},[29,48273,48274],{},[372,48275,29854,48276],{"href":45434},[18,48277,45435],{},[1633,48279,48280],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":48282},[48283,48284,48286,48290,48295,48297,48299,48304,48308,48310,48319,48328],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":46147,"depth":86,"text":48285},"What int() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220,"children":48287},[48288,48289],{"id":46338,"depth":102,"text":46341},{"id":46438,"depth":102,"text":46441},{"id":46574,"depth":86,"text":48291,"children":48292},"Using int() with strings",[48293,48294],{"id":46696,"depth":102,"text":46697},{"id":46784,"depth":102,"text":46785},{"id":47059,"depth":86,"text":48296},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47205,"depth":86,"text":48298},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47325,"depth":86,"text":47326,"children":48300},[48301,48302,48303],{"id":47336,"depth":102,"text":47337},{"id":47405,"depth":102,"text":47406},{"id":47446,"depth":102,"text":47447},{"id":47504,"depth":86,"text":47505,"children":48305},[48306,48307],{"id":41029,"depth":102,"text":40219},{"id":41095,"depth":102,"text":1096},{"id":47848,"depth":86,"text":48309},"When to use int()",{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912,"children":48311},[48312,48313,48314,48316,48317],{"id":47952,"depth":102,"text":47953},{"id":48004,"depth":102,"text":48005},{"id":48022,"depth":102,"text":48315},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48095,"depth":102,"text":48096},{"id":48138,"depth":102,"text":48318},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":48320},[48321,48323,48325,48327],{"id":48188,"depth":102,"text":48322},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48199,"depth":102,"text":48324},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48216,"depth":102,"text":48326},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48230,"depth":102,"text":48231},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41612,"description":48329},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48336,"title":48337,"body":48338,"description":50174,"extension":1665,"meta":50175,"navigation":316,"path":44320,"seo":50176,"stem":50177,"__hash__":50178},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48339,"toc":50130},[48340,48345,48350,48358,48367,48369,48428,48434,48439,48444,48447,48475,48478,48481,48492,48502,48504,48506,48526,48530,48558,48560,48599,48601,48609,48611,48614,48618,48671,48673,48685,48689,48746,48748,48760,48766,48772,48776,48779,48782,48848,48850,48862,48868,48870,48922,48925,48966,48969,48976,48985,48991,48994,49027,49033,49036,49067,49073,49076,49088,49092,49097,49101,49259,49261,49276,49279,49283,49387,49389,49406,49410,49471,49473,49481,49484,49488,49555,49557,49566,49572,49574,49583,49585,49620,49625,49627,49657,49661,49663,49700,49703,49705,49742,49748,49750,49800,49802,49810,49820,49826,49830,49835,49884,49886,49899,49902,49904,49907,49982,49985,50004,50007,50037,50047,50049,50054,50061,50067,50073,50080,50088,50094,50097,50099,50127],[10,48341,3031,48343,3035],{"id":48342},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[18,48344,44323],{},[14,48346,48347,48349],{},[18,48348,44323],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[14,48351,48352,48353,964,48355,48357],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[18,48354,3060],{},[18,48356,3134],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[14,48359,48360,48361,48363,48364,48366],{},"In many cases, ",[18,48362,44323],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[18,48365,377],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[42,48368,3065],{"id":3064},[47,48370,48372],{"className":49,"code":48371,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[18,48373,48374,48382,48386,48407],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48375,48376,48378,48380],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48377,524],{"class":284},[56,48379,288],{"class":75},[56,48381,668],{"class":79},[56,48383,48384],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,48385,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,48387,48388,48390,48392,48395,48397,48399,48401,48403,48405],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,48389,63],{"class":62},[56,48391,67],{"class":66},[56,48393,48394],{"class":62},"isinstance",[56,48396,67],{"class":66},[56,48398,551],{"class":237},[56,48400,1080],{"class":66},[56,48402,44794],{"class":989},[56,48404,4836],{"class":66},[56,48406,43372],{"class":3123},[56,48408,48409,48411,48413,48415,48417,48419,48421,48424,48426],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,48410,63],{"class":62},[56,48412,67],{"class":66},[56,48414,48394],{"class":62},[56,48416,67],{"class":66},[56,48418,551],{"class":237},[56,48420,1080],{"class":66},[56,48422,48423],{"class":989}," str",[56,48425,4836],{"class":66},[56,48427,43389],{"class":3123},[14,48429,153,48430,48433],{},[18,48431,48432],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[42,48435,3138,48437,3141],{"id":48436},"what-isinstance-does",[18,48438,44323],{},[14,48440,48441,48443],{},[18,48442,44323],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[14,48445,48446],{},"It:",[26,48448,48449,48452,48458,48461],{},[29,48450,48451],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[29,48453,10916,48454,964,48456],{},[18,48455,3060],{},[18,48457,3134],{},[29,48459,48460],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[29,48462,48463,48464,255,48466,255,48468,255,48470,16572,48473],{},"Is commonly used with ",[18,48465,1540],{},[18,48467,254],{},[18,48469,7577],{},[18,48471,48472],{},"tuple",[18,48474,8308],{},[14,48476,48477],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[14,48479,48480],{},"For example, you might want to:",[26,48482,48483,48486,48489],{},[29,48484,48485],{},"loop through a list",[29,48487,48488],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[29,48490,48491],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[14,48493,48494,48495,964,48498,497],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[372,48496,44315],{"href":48497},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[372,48499,48501],{"href":48500},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[42,48503,220],{"id":219},[14,48505,223],{},[47,48507,48509],{"className":49,"code":48508,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[18,48510,48511],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48512,48513,48515,48517,48519,48521,48524],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48514,48394],{"class":62},[56,48516,67],{"class":66},[56,48518,41915],{"class":989},[56,48520,1080],{"class":66},[56,48522,48523],{"class":237}," classinfo",[56,48525,241],{"class":66},[615,48527,48529],{"id":48528},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[26,48531,48532,48537,48551],{},[29,48533,48534,48536],{},[18,48535,41915],{}," is the value you want to test",[29,48538,48539,48542,48543,255,48545,255,48547,259,48549],{},[18,48540,48541],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[18,48544,254],{},[18,48546,1540],{},[18,48548,7577],{},[18,48550,8308],{},[29,48552,48553,48554,964,48556],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[18,48555,3060],{},[18,48557,3134],{},[14,48559,274],{},[47,48561,48563],{"className":49,"code":48562,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[18,48564,48565,48577,48581],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48566,48567,48569,48571,48573,48575],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48568,7359],{"class":284},[56,48570,288],{"class":75},[56,48572,1448],{"class":937},[56,48574,11002],{"class":941},[56,48576,1454],{"class":937},[56,48578,48579],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,48580,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,48582,48583,48585,48587,48589,48591,48593,48595,48597],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,48584,63],{"class":62},[56,48586,67],{"class":66},[56,48588,48394],{"class":62},[56,48590,67],{"class":66},[56,48592,7149],{"class":237},[56,48594,1080],{"class":66},[56,48596,48423],{"class":989},[56,48598,83],{"class":66},[14,48600,130],{},[47,48602,48603],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,48604,48605],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48606,48607],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48608,3446],{"class":3316},[42,48610,10968],{"id":10967},[14,48612,48613],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[615,48615,48617],{"id":48616},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[47,48619,48621],{"className":49,"code":48620,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[18,48622,48623,48631,48635,48653],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48624,48625,48627,48629],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48626,524],{"class":284},[56,48628,288],{"class":75},[56,48630,44743],{"class":79},[56,48632,48633],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,48634,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,48636,48637,48639,48641,48643,48645,48647,48649,48651],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,48638,63],{"class":62},[56,48640,67],{"class":66},[56,48642,48394],{"class":62},[56,48644,67],{"class":66},[56,48646,551],{"class":237},[56,48648,1080],{"class":66},[56,48650,44794],{"class":989},[56,48652,83],{"class":66},[56,48654,48655,48657,48659,48661,48663,48665,48667,48669],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,48656,63],{"class":62},[56,48658,67],{"class":66},[56,48660,48394],{"class":62},[56,48662,67],{"class":66},[56,48664,551],{"class":237},[56,48666,1080],{"class":66},[56,48668,48423],{"class":989},[56,48670,83],{"class":66},[14,48672,130],{},[47,48674,48675],{"className":49,"code":43691,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,48676,48677,48681],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48678,48679],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48680,3446],{"class":3316},[56,48682,48683],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,48684,3507],{"class":3316},[615,48686,48688],{"id":48687},"check-text","Check text",[47,48690,48692],{"className":49,"code":48691,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[18,48693,48694,48706,48710,48728],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48695,48696,48698,48700,48702,48704],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48697,34197],{"class":284},[56,48699,288],{"class":75},[56,48701,1448],{"class":937},[56,48703,3309],{"class":941},[56,48705,1454],{"class":937},[56,48707,48708],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,48709,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,48711,48712,48714,48716,48718,48720,48722,48724,48726],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,48713,63],{"class":62},[56,48715,67],{"class":66},[56,48717,48394],{"class":62},[56,48719,67],{"class":66},[56,48721,34218],{"class":237},[56,48723,1080],{"class":66},[56,48725,48423],{"class":989},[56,48727,83],{"class":66},[56,48729,48730,48732,48734,48736,48738,48740,48742,48744],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,48731,63],{"class":62},[56,48733,67],{"class":66},[56,48735,48394],{"class":62},[56,48737,67],{"class":66},[56,48739,34218],{"class":237},[56,48741,1080],{"class":66},[56,48743,44794],{"class":989},[56,48745,83],{"class":66},[14,48747,130],{},[47,48749,48750],{"className":49,"code":43691,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,48751,48752,48756],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48753,48754],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48755,3446],{"class":3316},[56,48757,48758],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,48759,3507],{"class":3316},[14,48761,48762,48763,48765],{},"In both examples, ",[18,48764,44323],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[14,48767,48768,48769,497],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[372,48770,48771],{"href":1050},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[42,48773,48775],{"id":48774},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[14,48777,48778],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[14,48780,48781],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[47,48783,48785],{"className":49,"code":48784,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[18,48786,48787,48796,48800,48824],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48788,48789,48791,48793],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48790,524],{"class":284},[56,48792,288],{"class":75},[56,48794,48795],{"class":79}," 3.5\n",[56,48797,48798],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,48799,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,48801,48802,48804,48806,48808,48810,48812,48814,48816,48818,48820,48822],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,48803,63],{"class":62},[56,48805,67],{"class":66},[56,48807,48394],{"class":62},[56,48809,67],{"class":66},[56,48811,551],{"class":237},[56,48813,1080],{"class":66},[56,48815,8724],{"class":66},[56,48817,254],{"class":989},[56,48819,1080],{"class":66},[56,48821,39770],{"class":989},[56,48823,1000],{"class":66},[56,48825,48826,48828,48830,48832,48834,48836,48838,48840,48842,48844,48846],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,48827,63],{"class":62},[56,48829,67],{"class":66},[56,48831,48394],{"class":62},[56,48833,67],{"class":66},[56,48835,551],{"class":237},[56,48837,1080],{"class":66},[56,48839,8724],{"class":66},[56,48841,1540],{"class":989},[56,48843,1080],{"class":66},[56,48845,22063],{"class":989},[56,48847,1000],{"class":66},[14,48849,130],{},[47,48851,48852],{"className":49,"code":43691,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,48853,48854,48858],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48855,48856],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48857,3446],{"class":3316},[56,48859,48860],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,48861,3507],{"class":3316},[14,48863,48864,48865,48867],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[18,48866,40352],{}," conditions.",[14,48869,7782],{},[47,48871,48873],{"className":49,"code":48872,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[18,48874,48875,48883,48887],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48876,48877,48879,48881],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48878,524],{"class":284},[56,48880,288],{"class":75},[56,48882,48795],{"class":79},[56,48884,48885],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,48886,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,48888,48889,48891,48893,48895,48897,48899,48901,48903,48905,48907,48910,48912,48914,48916,48918,48920],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,48890,63],{"class":62},[56,48892,67],{"class":66},[56,48894,1314],{"class":989},[56,48896,67],{"class":66},[56,48898,551],{"class":237},[56,48900,3120],{"class":66},[56,48902,5886],{"class":75},[56,48904,44794],{"class":989},[56,48906,47754],{"class":3341},[56,48908,48909],{"class":989}," type",[56,48911,67],{"class":66},[56,48913,551],{"class":237},[56,48915,3120],{"class":66},[56,48917,5886],{"class":75},[56,48919,39770],{"class":989},[56,48921,241],{"class":66},[14,48923,48924],{},"you can write this:",[47,48926,48928],{"className":49,"code":48927,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[18,48929,48930,48938,48942],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,48931,48932,48934,48936],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,48933,524],{"class":284},[56,48935,288],{"class":75},[56,48937,48795],{"class":79},[56,48939,48940],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,48941,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,48943,48944,48946,48948,48950,48952,48954,48956,48958,48960,48962,48964],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,48945,63],{"class":62},[56,48947,67],{"class":66},[56,48949,48394],{"class":62},[56,48951,67],{"class":66},[56,48953,551],{"class":237},[56,48955,1080],{"class":66},[56,48957,8724],{"class":66},[56,48959,254],{"class":989},[56,48961,1080],{"class":66},[56,48963,39770],{"class":989},[56,48965,1000],{"class":66},[14,48967,48968],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[42,48970,48972,10075,48974],{"id":48971},"isinstance-vs-type",[18,48973,44323],{},[18,48975,377],{},[14,48977,10080,48978,3862,48980,48984],{},[18,48979,44323],{},[372,48981,48982],{"href":374},[18,48983,377],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[615,48986,48988],{"id":48987},"typevalue-int",[18,48989,48990],{},"type(value) == int",[14,48992,48993],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[47,48995,48997],{"className":49,"code":48996,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[18,48998,48999,49007],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49000,49001,49003,49005],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49002,524],{"class":284},[56,49004,288],{"class":75},[56,49006,668],{"class":79},[56,49008,49009,49011,49013,49015,49017,49019,49021,49023,49025],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,49010,63],{"class":62},[56,49012,67],{"class":66},[56,49014,1314],{"class":989},[56,49016,67],{"class":66},[56,49018,551],{"class":237},[56,49020,3120],{"class":66},[56,49022,5886],{"class":75},[56,49024,44794],{"class":989},[56,49026,241],{"class":66},[615,49028,49030],{"id":49029},"isinstancevalue-int",[18,49031,49032],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[14,49034,49035],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[47,49037,49039],{"className":49,"code":49038,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,49040,49041,49049],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49042,49043,49045,49047],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49044,524],{"class":284},[56,49046,288],{"class":75},[56,49048,668],{"class":79},[56,49050,49051,49053,49055,49057,49059,49061,49063,49065],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,49052,63],{"class":62},[56,49054,67],{"class":66},[56,49056,48394],{"class":62},[56,49058,67],{"class":66},[56,49060,551],{"class":237},[56,49062,1080],{"class":66},[56,49064,44794],{"class":989},[56,49066,83],{"class":66},[14,49068,49069,49070,49072],{},"For beginners, ",[18,49071,44323],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[14,49074,49075],{},"In everyday code:",[26,49077,49078,49083],{},[29,49079,39505,49080,49082],{},[18,49081,377],{}," when you need the exact type",[29,49084,39505,49085,49087],{},[18,49086,44323],{}," when you want a practical type check",[42,49089,49091],{"id":49090},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[14,49093,49094,49095,497],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[18,49096,44323],{},[615,49098,49100],{"id":49099},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[47,49102,49104],{"className":49,"code":49103,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[18,49105,49106,49124,49143,49155,49160,49178,49189,49193,49205,49209,49233],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49107,49108,49110,49113,49115,49117,49119,49122],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49109,34361],{"class":124},[56,49111,49112],{"class":34364}," repeat_text",[56,49114,67],{"class":66},[56,49116,34218],{"class":37176},[56,49118,1080],{"class":66},[56,49120,49121],{"class":37176}," count",[56,49123,7826],{"class":66},[56,49125,49126,49128,49130,49133,49135,49137,49139,49141],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,49127,5876],{"class":3341},[56,49129,7583],{"class":75},[56,49131,49132],{"class":62}," isinstance",[56,49134,67],{"class":66},[56,49136,34218],{"class":237},[56,49138,1080],{"class":66},[56,49140,48423],{"class":989},[56,49142,7826],{"class":66},[56,49144,49145,49148,49150,49153],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,49146,49147],{"class":3341},"        return",[56,49149,1448],{"class":937},[56,49151,49152],{"class":941},"text must be a string",[56,49154,1454],{"class":937},[56,49156,49157],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,49158,49159],{"class":284},"    \n",[56,49161,49162,49164,49166,49168,49170,49172,49174,49176],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,49163,5876],{"class":3341},[56,49165,7583],{"class":75},[56,49167,49132],{"class":62},[56,49169,67],{"class":66},[56,49171,40775],{"class":237},[56,49173,1080],{"class":66},[56,49175,44794],{"class":989},[56,49177,7826],{"class":66},[56,49179,49180,49182,49184,49187],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,49181,49147],{"class":3341},[56,49183,1448],{"class":937},[56,49185,49186],{"class":941},"count must be an integer",[56,49188,1454],{"class":937},[56,49190,49191],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,49192,49159],{"class":284},[56,49194,49195,49197,49200,49202],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,49196,34372],{"class":3341},[56,49198,49199],{"class":284}," text ",[56,49201,39387],{"class":75},[56,49203,49204],{"class":284}," count\n",[56,49206,49207],{"class":58,"line":5910},[56,49208,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,49210,49211,49213,49215,49218,49220,49222,49225,49227,49229,49231],{"class":58,"line":5915},[56,49212,63],{"class":62},[56,49214,67],{"class":66},[56,49216,49217],{"class":237},"repeat_text",[56,49219,67],{"class":66},[56,49221,938],{"class":937},[56,49223,49224],{"class":941},"Hi ",[56,49226,938],{"class":937},[56,49228,1080],{"class":66},[56,49230,529],{"class":79},[56,49232,83],{"class":66},[56,49234,49235,49237,49239,49241,49243,49245,49247,49249,49251,49253,49255,49257],{"class":58,"line":11088},[56,49236,63],{"class":62},[56,49238,67],{"class":66},[56,49240,49217],{"class":237},[56,49242,67],{"class":66},[56,49244,938],{"class":937},[56,49246,49224],{"class":941},[56,49248,938],{"class":937},[56,49250,1080],{"class":66},[56,49252,1448],{"class":937},[56,49254,121],{"class":941},[56,49256,938],{"class":937},[56,49258,83],{"class":66},[14,49260,130],{},[47,49262,49264],{"className":49,"code":49263,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[18,49265,49266,49271],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49267,49268],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49269,49270],{"class":284},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[56,49272,49273],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,49274,49275],{"class":284},"count must be an integer\n",[14,49277,49278],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[615,49280,49282],{"id":49281},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[47,49284,49286],{"className":49,"code":49285,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[18,49287,49288,49320,49324,49340,49355,49372],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49289,49290,49292,49294,49296,49298,49300,49302,49304,49306,49308,49310,49312,49314,49316,49318],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49291,524],{"class":284},[56,49293,288],{"class":75},[56,49295,3080],{"class":66},[56,49297,938],{"class":937},[56,49299,372],{"class":941},[56,49301,938],{"class":937},[56,49303,1080],{"class":66},[56,49305,1448],{"class":937},[56,49307,4232],{"class":941},[56,49309,938],{"class":937},[56,49311,1080],{"class":66},[56,49313,1448],{"class":937},[56,49315,9228],{"class":941},[56,49317,938],{"class":937},[56,49319,3093],{"class":66},[56,49321,49322],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,49323,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,49325,49326,49328,49330,49332,49334,49336,49338],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,49327,6477],{"class":3341},[56,49329,49132],{"class":62},[56,49331,67],{"class":66},[56,49333,551],{"class":237},[56,49335,1080],{"class":66},[56,49337,48423],{"class":989},[56,49339,7826],{"class":66},[56,49341,49342,49344,49346,49348,49351,49353],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,49343,7552],{"class":62},[56,49345,67],{"class":66},[56,49347,938],{"class":937},[56,49349,49350],{"class":941},"This is text",[56,49352,938],{"class":937},[56,49354,241],{"class":66},[56,49356,49357,49360,49362,49364,49366,49368,49370],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,49358,49359],{"class":3341},"elif",[56,49361,49132],{"class":62},[56,49363,67],{"class":66},[56,49365,551],{"class":237},[56,49367,1080],{"class":66},[56,49369,22063],{"class":989},[56,49371,7826],{"class":66},[56,49373,49374,49376,49378,49380,49383,49385],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,49375,7552],{"class":62},[56,49377,67],{"class":66},[56,49379,938],{"class":937},[56,49381,49382],{"class":941},"This is a list",[56,49384,938],{"class":937},[56,49386,241],{"class":66},[14,49388,130],{},[47,49390,49392],{"className":49,"code":49391,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"This is a list\n",[18,49393,49394],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49395,49396,49399,49401,49403],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49397,49398],{"class":284},"This ",[56,49400,11688],{"class":75},[56,49402,44062],{"class":284},[56,49404,49405],{"class":989},"list\n",[615,49407,49409],{"id":49408},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[47,49411,49413],{"className":49,"code":49412,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[18,49414,49415,49427,49431,49447,49461],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49416,49417,49419,49421,49423,49425],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49418,524],{"class":284},[56,49420,288],{"class":75},[56,49422,1448],{"class":937},[56,49424,46044],{"class":941},[56,49426,1454],{"class":937},[56,49428,49429],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,49430,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,49432,49433,49435,49437,49439,49441,49443,49445],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,49434,6477],{"class":3341},[56,49436,49132],{"class":62},[56,49438,67],{"class":66},[56,49440,551],{"class":237},[56,49442,1080],{"class":66},[56,49444,48423],{"class":989},[56,49446,7826],{"class":66},[56,49448,49449,49451,49453,49455,49457,49459],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,49450,41406],{"class":284},[56,49452,288],{"class":75},[56,49454,44794],{"class":989},[56,49456,67],{"class":66},[56,49458,551],{"class":237},[56,49460,241],{"class":66},[56,49462,49463,49465,49467,49469],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,49464,7552],{"class":62},[56,49466,67],{"class":66},[56,49468,309],{"class":237},[56,49470,241],{"class":66},[14,49472,130],{},[47,49474,49475],{"className":49,"code":46130,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,49476,49477],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49478,49479],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49480,46130],{"class":79},[14,49482,49483],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[615,49485,49487],{"id":49486},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[47,49489,49491],{"className":49,"code":49490,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[18,49492,49493,49517,49521,49537],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49494,49495,49497,49499,49501,49503,49505,49507,49509,49511,49513,49515],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49496,524],{"class":284},[56,49498,288],{"class":75},[56,49500,9980],{"class":66},[56,49502,938],{"class":937},[56,49504,7149],{"class":941},[56,49506,938],{"class":937},[56,49508,971],{"class":66},[56,49510,1448],{"class":937},[56,49512,12376],{"class":941},[56,49514,938],{"class":937},[56,49516,8797],{"class":66},[56,49518,49519],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,49520,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,49522,49523,49525,49527,49529,49531,49533,49535],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,49524,6477],{"class":3341},[56,49526,49132],{"class":62},[56,49528,67],{"class":66},[56,49530,551],{"class":237},[56,49532,1080],{"class":66},[56,49534,8658],{"class":989},[56,49536,7826],{"class":66},[56,49538,49539,49541,49543,49545,49547,49549,49551,49553],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,49540,7552],{"class":62},[56,49542,67],{"class":66},[56,49544,551],{"class":237},[56,49546,3366],{"class":66},[56,49548,938],{"class":937},[56,49550,7149],{"class":941},[56,49552,938],{"class":937},[56,49554,3354],{"class":66},[14,49556,130],{},[47,49558,49560],{"className":49,"code":49559,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Ana\n",[18,49561,49562],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49563,49564],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49565,49559],{"class":284},[14,49567,49568,49569,49571],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[18,49570,1096],{}," messages later.",[42,49573,3988],{"id":3987},[615,49575,49577,49578,10583,49581],{"id":49576},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[18,49579,49580],{},"\"int\"",[18,49582,254],{},[14,49584,16143],{},[47,49586,49588],{"className":49,"code":49587,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[18,49589,49590,49598],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49591,49592,49594,49596],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49593,524],{"class":284},[56,49595,288],{"class":75},[56,49597,668],{"class":79},[56,49599,49600,49602,49604,49606,49608,49610,49612,49614,49616,49618],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,49601,63],{"class":62},[56,49603,67],{"class":66},[56,49605,48394],{"class":62},[56,49607,67],{"class":66},[56,49609,551],{"class":237},[56,49611,1080],{"class":66},[56,49613,1448],{"class":937},[56,49615,254],{"class":941},[56,49617,938],{"class":937},[56,49619,83],{"class":66},[14,49621,49622,49624],{},[18,49623,49580],{}," is a string, not a type.",[14,49626,16155],{},[47,49628,49629],{"className":49,"code":49038,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,49630,49631,49639],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49632,49633,49635,49637],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49634,524],{"class":284},[56,49636,288],{"class":75},[56,49638,668],{"class":79},[56,49640,49641,49643,49645,49647,49649,49651,49653,49655],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,49642,63],{"class":62},[56,49644,67],{"class":66},[56,49646,48394],{"class":62},[56,49648,67],{"class":66},[56,49650,551],{"class":237},[56,49652,1080],{"class":66},[56,49654,44794],{"class":989},[56,49656,83],{"class":66},[615,49658,49660],{"id":49659},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[14,49662,16143],{},[47,49664,49666],{"className":49,"code":49665,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[18,49667,49668,49676],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49669,49670,49672,49674],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49671,524],{"class":284},[56,49673,288],{"class":75},[56,49675,34352],{"class":79},[56,49677,49678,49680,49682,49684,49686,49688,49690,49692,49694,49696,49698],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,49679,63],{"class":62},[56,49681,67],{"class":66},[56,49683,48394],{"class":62},[56,49685,67],{"class":66},[56,49687,551],{"class":237},[56,49689,1080],{"class":66},[56,49691,3080],{"class":66},[56,49693,254],{"class":989},[56,49695,1080],{"class":66},[56,49697,39770],{"class":989},[56,49699,1090],{"class":66},[14,49701,49702],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[14,49704,16155],{},[47,49706,49708],{"className":49,"code":49707,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[18,49709,49710,49718],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49711,49712,49714,49716],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49713,524],{"class":284},[56,49715,288],{"class":75},[56,49717,34352],{"class":79},[56,49719,49720,49722,49724,49726,49728,49730,49732,49734,49736,49738,49740],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,49721,63],{"class":62},[56,49723,67],{"class":66},[56,49725,48394],{"class":62},[56,49727,67],{"class":66},[56,49729,551],{"class":237},[56,49731,1080],{"class":66},[56,49733,8724],{"class":66},[56,49735,254],{"class":989},[56,49737,1080],{"class":66},[56,49739,39770],{"class":989},[56,49741,1000],{"class":66},[615,49743,25279,49745,49747],{"id":49744},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[18,49746,44323],{}," converts a value",[14,49749,18415],{},[47,49751,49753],{"className":49,"code":49752,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,49754,49755,49768,49786,49790],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49756,49757,49759,49761,49763,49766],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49758,524],{"class":284},[56,49760,288],{"class":75},[56,49762,1448],{"class":937},[56,49764,49765],{"class":941},"123",[56,49767,1454],{"class":937},[56,49769,49770,49772,49774,49776,49778,49780,49782,49784],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,49771,299],{"class":284},[56,49773,288],{"class":75},[56,49775,49132],{"class":62},[56,49777,67],{"class":66},[56,49779,551],{"class":237},[56,49781,1080],{"class":66},[56,49783,44794],{"class":989},[56,49785,241],{"class":66},[56,49787,49788],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,49789,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,49791,49792,49794,49796,49798],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,49793,63],{"class":62},[56,49795,67],{"class":66},[56,49797,338],{"class":237},[56,49799,241],{"class":66},[14,49801,130],{},[47,49803,49804],{"className":49,"code":3507,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,49805,49806],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49807,49808],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49809,3507],{"class":3316},[14,49811,49812,49813,49816,49817,49819],{},"This does not convert ",[18,49814,49815],{},"\"123\""," into ",[18,49818,49765],{},". It only checks the type.",[14,49821,49822,49823,6110],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[18,49824,49825],{},"int(value)",[615,49827,49829],{"id":49828},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[14,49831,49832,49834],{},[18,49833,44323],{}," does not modify anything.",[47,49836,49838],{"className":49,"code":49837,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[18,49839,49840,49852,49856,49874],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49841,49842,49844,49846,49848,49850],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49843,524],{"class":284},[56,49845,288],{"class":75},[56,49847,1448],{"class":937},[56,49849,13055],{"class":941},[56,49851,1454],{"class":937},[56,49853,49854],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,49855,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,49857,49858,49860,49862,49864,49866,49868,49870,49872],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,49859,63],{"class":62},[56,49861,67],{"class":66},[56,49863,48394],{"class":62},[56,49865,67],{"class":66},[56,49867,551],{"class":237},[56,49869,1080],{"class":66},[56,49871,48423],{"class":989},[56,49873,83],{"class":66},[56,49875,49876,49878,49880,49882],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,49877,63],{"class":62},[56,49879,67],{"class":66},[56,49881,551],{"class":237},[56,49883,241],{"class":66},[14,49885,130],{},[47,49887,49889],{"className":49,"code":49888,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\n100\n",[18,49890,49891,49895],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49892,49893],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49894,3446],{"class":3316},[56,49896,49897],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,49898,46781],{"class":79},[14,49900,49901],{},"The value stays the same.",[42,49903,25447],{"id":25446},[14,49905,49906],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[47,49908,49910],{"className":49,"code":49909,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[18,49911,49912,49926,49944,49968],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,49913,49914,49916,49918,49920,49922,49924],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,49915,63],{"class":62},[56,49917,67],{"class":66},[56,49919,1314],{"class":989},[56,49921,67],{"class":66},[56,49923,551],{"class":237},[56,49925,83],{"class":66},[56,49927,49928,49930,49932,49934,49936,49938,49940,49942],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,49929,63],{"class":62},[56,49931,67],{"class":66},[56,49933,48394],{"class":62},[56,49935,67],{"class":66},[56,49937,551],{"class":237},[56,49939,1080],{"class":66},[56,49941,44794],{"class":989},[56,49943,83],{"class":66},[56,49945,49946,49948,49950,49952,49954,49956,49958,49960,49962,49964,49966],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,49947,63],{"class":62},[56,49949,67],{"class":66},[56,49951,48394],{"class":62},[56,49953,67],{"class":66},[56,49955,551],{"class":237},[56,49957,1080],{"class":66},[56,49959,8724],{"class":66},[56,49961,254],{"class":989},[56,49963,1080],{"class":66},[56,49965,39770],{"class":989},[56,49967,1000],{"class":66},[56,49969,49970,49972,49974,49976,49978,49980],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,49971,63],{"class":62},[56,49973,67],{"class":66},[56,49975,41295],{"class":62},[56,49977,67],{"class":66},[56,49979,551],{"class":237},[56,49981,83],{"class":66},[14,49983,49984],{},"These can help when:",[26,49986,49987,49990,49995,49998],{},[29,49988,49989],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[29,49991,49992,49993],{},"you are getting a ",[18,49994,1096],{},[29,49996,49997],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[29,49999,50000,50001,50003],{},"the second argument to ",[18,50002,44323],{}," is invalid",[14,50005,50006],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[26,50008,50009,50023,50029,50034],{},[29,50010,50011,50012,964,50015,50018,50019,964,50021],{},"using ",[18,50013,50014],{},"'int'",[18,50016,50017],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[18,50020,254],{},[18,50022,1540],{},[29,50024,50025,50026,50028],{},"expecting ",[18,50027,44323],{}," to convert a value",[29,50030,50011,50031,50033],{},[18,50032,377],{}," when inherited types should also match",[29,50035,50036],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[14,50038,50039,50040,497],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[372,50041,50043,50044],{"href":50042},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[18,50045,50046],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[42,50048,1553],{"id":1552},[615,50050,4615,50052,4618],{"id":50051},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[18,50053,44323],{},[14,50055,4621,50056,50058,50059,497],{},[18,50057,3060],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[18,50060,3134],{},[615,50062,4643,50064,50066],{"id":50063},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[18,50065,44323],{}," check more than one type?",[14,50068,50069,50070,497],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[18,50071,50072],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[615,50074,4653,50076,3862,50078,571],{"id":50075},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[18,50077,44323],{},[18,50079,377],{},[14,50081,50082,50084,50085,50087],{},[18,50083,377],{}," gives the exact type. ",[18,50086,44323],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[615,50089,12199,50091,50093],{"id":50090},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[18,50092,44323],{}," convert a value?",[14,50095,50096],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[42,50098,1601],{"id":1600},[26,50100,50101,50107,50111,50116,50121],{},[29,50102,50103],{},[372,50104,3031,50105,1610],{"href":374},[18,50106,377],{},[29,50108,50109],{},[372,50110,44315],{"href":48497},[29,50112,50113],{},[372,50114,50115],{"href":1050},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[29,50117,50118],{},[372,50119,50120],{"href":48500},"What is a data type in Python?",[29,50122,50123],{},[372,50124,50043,50125],{"href":50042},[18,50126,50046],{},[1633,50128,50129],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":50131},[50132,50133,50135,50138,50142,50143,50148,50154,50162,50163,50173],{"id":3064,"depth":86,"text":3065},{"id":48436,"depth":86,"text":50134},"What isinstance() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220,"children":50136},[50137],{"id":48528,"depth":102,"text":48529},{"id":10967,"depth":86,"text":10968,"children":50139},[50140,50141],{"id":48616,"depth":102,"text":48617},{"id":48687,"depth":102,"text":48688},{"id":48774,"depth":86,"text":48775},{"id":48971,"depth":86,"text":50144,"children":50145},"isinstance() vs type()",[50146,50147],{"id":48987,"depth":102,"text":48990},{"id":49029,"depth":102,"text":49032},{"id":49090,"depth":86,"text":49091,"children":50149},[50150,50151,50152,50153],{"id":49099,"depth":102,"text":49100},{"id":49281,"depth":102,"text":49282},{"id":49408,"depth":102,"text":49409},{"id":49486,"depth":102,"text":49487},{"id":3987,"depth":86,"text":3988,"children":50155},[50156,50158,50159,50161],{"id":49576,"depth":102,"text":50157},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49659,"depth":102,"text":49660},{"id":49744,"depth":102,"text":50160},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":49828,"depth":102,"text":49829},{"id":25446,"depth":86,"text":25447},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":50164},[50165,50167,50169,50171],{"id":50051,"depth":102,"text":50166},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50063,"depth":102,"text":50168},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50075,"depth":102,"text":50170},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50090,"depth":102,"text":50172},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48337,"description":50174},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50180,"title":50181,"body":50182,"description":52155,"extension":1665,"meta":52156,"navigation":316,"path":52157,"seo":52158,"stem":52159,"__hash__":52160},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50183,"toc":52130},[50184,50187,50192,50197,50211,50214,50216,50291,50296,50300,50305,50308,50322,50324,50490,50503,50505,50507,50522,50525,50528,50541,50543,50641,50645,50651,50654,50663,50665,50700,50705,50726,50731,50736,50768,50771,50828,50832,50838,50841,50894,50896,50936,50939,51007,51010,51061,51068,51072,51078,51163,51169,51175,51224,51227,51230,51280,51282,51287,51291,51341,51345,51392,51396,51473,51477,51542,51545,51549,51554,51559,51571,51573,51592,51598,51601,51620,51625,51652,51659,51663,51669,51672,51767,51770,51773,51822,51827,51829,51833,51868,51871,51928,51938,51941,51975,51978,51980,51984,51987,51991,51994,51998,52001,52005,52018,52022,52027,52029,52079,52091,52093,52127],[10,50185,50181],{"id":50186},"python-len-function-explained",[14,50188,8610,50189,50191],{},[18,50190,41877],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[14,50193,34916,50194,50196],{},[18,50195,41877],{}," to count:",[26,50198,50199,50202,50205,50208],{},[29,50200,50201],{},"characters in a string",[29,50203,50204],{},"items in a list or tuple",[29,50206,50207],{},"keys in a dictionary",[29,50209,50210],{},"unique items in a set",[14,50212,50213],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[42,50215,45],{"id":44},[47,50217,50219],{"className":49,"code":50218,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[18,50220,50221,50233,50253,50257,50274],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50222,50223,50225,50227,50229,50231],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50224,34197],{"class":284},[56,50226,288],{"class":75},[56,50228,1448],{"class":937},[56,50230,3309],{"class":941},[56,50232,1454],{"class":937},[56,50234,50235,50237,50239,50241,50243,50245,50247,50249,50251],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,50236,7261],{"class":284},[56,50238,288],{"class":75},[56,50240,3080],{"class":66},[56,50242,406],{"class":79},[56,50244,1080],{"class":66},[56,50246,7272],{"class":79},[56,50248,1080],{"class":66},[56,50250,7277],{"class":79},[56,50252,3093],{"class":66},[56,50254,50255],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,50256,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,50258,50259,50261,50263,50265,50267,50269,50271],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,50260,63],{"class":62},[56,50262,67],{"class":66},[56,50264,10653],{"class":62},[56,50266,67],{"class":66},[56,50268,34218],{"class":237},[56,50270,4836],{"class":66},[56,50272,50273],{"class":3123},"   # 5\n",[56,50275,50276,50278,50280,50282,50284,50286,50288],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,50277,63],{"class":62},[56,50279,67],{"class":66},[56,50281,10653],{"class":62},[56,50283,67],{"class":66},[56,50285,7292],{"class":237},[56,50287,4836],{"class":66},[56,50289,50290],{"class":3123},"  # 3\n",[14,50292,153,50293,50295],{},[18,50294,41877],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[42,50297,50299],{"id":50298},"what-len-does","What len() does",[14,50301,50302,50304],{},[18,50303,41877],{}," returns the size of an object.",[14,50306,50307],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[26,50309,50310,50313,50316,50319],{},[29,50311,50312],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[29,50314,50315],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[29,50317,50318],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[29,50320,50321],{},"It always returns an integer",[14,50323,274],{},[47,50325,50327],{"className":49,"code":50326,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[18,50328,50329,50341,50366,50398,50418,50422,50439,50456,50473],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50330,50331,50333,50335,50337,50339],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50332,7359],{"class":284},[56,50334,288],{"class":75},[56,50336,1448],{"class":937},[56,50338,7158],{"class":941},[56,50340,1454],{"class":937},[56,50342,50343,50345,50347,50349,50351,50353,50355,50357,50359,50361,50364],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,50344,3075],{"class":284},[56,50346,288],{"class":75},[56,50348,3080],{"class":66},[56,50350,406],{"class":79},[56,50352,1080],{"class":66},[56,50354,7272],{"class":79},[56,50356,1080],{"class":66},[56,50358,7277],{"class":79},[56,50360,1080],{"class":66},[56,50362,50363],{"class":79}," 40",[56,50365,3093],{"class":66},[56,50367,50368,50370,50372,50374,50376,50378,50380,50382,50384,50386,50388,50390,50392,50394,50396],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,50369,8653],{"class":284},[56,50371,288],{"class":75},[56,50373,9980],{"class":66},[56,50375,938],{"class":937},[56,50377,372],{"class":941},[56,50379,938],{"class":937},[56,50381,971],{"class":66},[56,50383,4973],{"class":79},[56,50385,1080],{"class":66},[56,50387,1448],{"class":937},[56,50389,4232],{"class":941},[56,50391,938],{"class":937},[56,50393,971],{"class":66},[56,50395,1083],{"class":79},[56,50397,8797],{"class":66},[56,50399,50400,50402,50404,50406,50408,50410,50412,50414,50416],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,50401,3286],{"class":284},[56,50403,288],{"class":75},[56,50405,9980],{"class":66},[56,50407,198],{"class":79},[56,50409,1080],{"class":66},[56,50411,37157],{"class":79},[56,50413,1080],{"class":66},[56,50415,5470],{"class":79},[56,50417,8797],{"class":66},[56,50419,50420],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,50421,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,50423,50424,50426,50428,50430,50432,50434,50436],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,50425,63],{"class":62},[56,50427,67],{"class":66},[56,50429,10653],{"class":62},[56,50431,67],{"class":66},[56,50433,7149],{"class":237},[56,50435,4836],{"class":66},[56,50437,50438],{"class":3123},"     # 3\n",[56,50440,50441,50443,50445,50447,50449,50451,50453],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,50442,63],{"class":62},[56,50444,67],{"class":66},[56,50446,10653],{"class":62},[56,50448,67],{"class":66},[56,50450,3107],{"class":237},[56,50452,4836],{"class":66},[56,50454,50455],{"class":3123},"  # 4\n",[56,50457,50458,50460,50462,50464,50466,50468,50470],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,50459,63],{"class":62},[56,50461,67],{"class":66},[56,50463,10653],{"class":62},[56,50465,67],{"class":66},[56,50467,8692],{"class":237},[56,50469,4836],{"class":66},[56,50471,50472],{"class":3123},"     # 2\n",[56,50474,50475,50477,50479,50481,50483,50485,50487],{"class":58,"line":5910},[56,50476,63],{"class":62},[56,50478,67],{"class":66},[56,50480,10653],{"class":62},[56,50482,67],{"class":66},[56,50484,4833],{"class":237},[56,50486,4836],{"class":66},[56,50488,50489],{"class":3123},"   # 3\n",[14,50491,50492,50493,255,50497,16572,50501,497],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[372,50494,50496],{"href":50495},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[372,50498,50500],{"href":50499},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[372,50502,8643],{"href":8642},[42,50504,220],{"id":219},[14,50506,223],{},[47,50508,50510],{"className":49,"code":50509,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"len(object)\n",[18,50511,50512],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50513,50514,50516,50518,50520],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50515,10653],{"class":62},[56,50517,67],{"class":66},[56,50519,41915],{"class":989},[56,50521,241],{"class":66},[14,50523,50524],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[14,50526,50527],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[26,50529,50530,50532,50534,50536,50538],{},[29,50531,37421],{},[29,50533,37415],{},[29,50535,37418],{},[29,50537,37424],{},[29,50539,50540],{},"a dictionary",[14,50542,274],{},[47,50544,50546],{"className":49,"code":50545,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[18,50547,50548,50569,50593,50615],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50549,50550,50552,50554,50556,50558,50560,50562,50564,50566],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50551,63],{"class":62},[56,50553,67],{"class":66},[56,50555,10653],{"class":62},[56,50557,67],{"class":66},[56,50559,938],{"class":937},[56,50561,51],{"class":941},[56,50563,938],{"class":937},[56,50565,4836],{"class":66},[56,50567,50568],{"class":3123},"      # 6\n",[56,50570,50571,50573,50575,50577,50579,50581,50583,50585,50587,50589,50591],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,50572,63],{"class":62},[56,50574,67],{"class":66},[56,50576,10653],{"class":62},[56,50578,1074],{"class":66},[56,50580,1077],{"class":79},[56,50582,1080],{"class":66},[56,50584,1083],{"class":79},[56,50586,1080],{"class":66},[56,50588,529],{"class":79},[56,50590,4206],{"class":66},[56,50592,50438],{"class":3123},[56,50594,50595,50597,50599,50601,50603,50605,50607,50609,50612],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,50596,63],{"class":62},[56,50598,67],{"class":66},[56,50600,10653],{"class":62},[56,50602,4986],{"class":66},[56,50604,406],{"class":79},[56,50606,1080],{"class":66},[56,50608,7272],{"class":79},[56,50610,50611],{"class":66},")))",[56,50613,50614],{"class":3123},"      # 2\n",[56,50616,50617,50619,50621,50623,50625,50627,50629,50631,50633,50635,50638],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,50618,63],{"class":62},[56,50620,67],{"class":66},[56,50622,10653],{"class":62},[56,50624,5005],{"class":66},[56,50626,938],{"class":937},[56,50628,238],{"class":941},[56,50630,938],{"class":937},[56,50632,971],{"class":66},[56,50634,4973],{"class":79},[56,50636,50637],{"class":66},"}))",[56,50639,50640],{"class":3123},"      # 1\n",[42,50642,50644],{"id":50643},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[14,50646,50647,50648,50650],{},"When you use ",[18,50649,41877],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[14,50652,50653],{},"That includes:",[26,50655,50656,50658,50660],{},[29,50657,35655],{},[29,50659,9941],{},[29,50661,50662],{},"punctuation",[14,50664,274],{},[47,50666,50668],{"className":49,"code":50667,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[18,50669,50670,50683],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50671,50672,50674,50676,50678,50681],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50673,34197],{"class":284},[56,50675,288],{"class":75},[56,50677,1448],{"class":937},[56,50679,50680],{"class":941},"Hi there!",[56,50682,1454],{"class":937},[56,50684,50685,50687,50689,50691,50693,50695,50697],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,50686,63],{"class":62},[56,50688,67],{"class":66},[56,50690,10653],{"class":62},[56,50692,67],{"class":66},[56,50694,34218],{"class":237},[56,50696,4836],{"class":66},[56,50698,50699],{"class":3123},"  # 9\n",[14,50701,50702,50703,571],{},"Why is the result ",[18,50704,206],{},[26,50706,50707,50713,50717,50720],{},[29,50708,50709,50712],{},[18,50710,50711],{},"H"," = 1",[29,50714,50715,50712],{},[18,50716,35666],{},[29,50718,50719],{},"space = 1",[29,50721,50722,50725],{},[18,50723,50724],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[14,50727,50728,50729],{},"Total: ",[18,50730,206],{},[14,50732,50733,50734,971],{},"An empty string has length ",[18,50735,181],{},[47,50737,50739],{"className":49,"code":50738,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[18,50740,50741,50750],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50742,50743,50746,50748],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50744,50745],{"class":284},"empty_text ",[56,50747,288],{"class":75},[56,50749,7364],{"class":937},[56,50751,50752,50754,50756,50758,50760,50763,50765],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,50753,63],{"class":62},[56,50755,67],{"class":66},[56,50757,10653],{"class":62},[56,50759,67],{"class":66},[56,50761,50762],{"class":237},"empty_text",[56,50764,4836],{"class":66},[56,50766,50767],{"class":3123},"  # 0\n",[14,50769,50770],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[47,50772,50774],{"className":49,"code":50773,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[18,50775,50776,50789,50793,50813],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50777,50778,50781,50783,50785,50787],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50779,50780],{"class":284},"user_name ",[56,50782,288],{"class":75},[56,50784,1448],{"class":937},[56,50786,4476],{"class":941},[56,50788,1454],{"class":937},[56,50790,50791],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,50792,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,50794,50795,50797,50799,50801,50804,50806,50809,50811],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,50796,6477],{"class":3341},[56,50798,37900],{"class":62},[56,50800,67],{"class":66},[56,50802,50803],{"class":237},"user_name",[56,50805,3120],{"class":66},[56,50807,50808],{"class":75}," >=",[56,50810,529],{"class":79},[56,50812,5871],{"class":66},[56,50814,50815,50817,50819,50821,50824,50826],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,50816,7552],{"class":62},[56,50818,67],{"class":66},[56,50820,938],{"class":937},[56,50822,50823],{"class":941},"Name is long enough",[56,50825,938],{"class":937},[56,50827,241],{"class":66},[42,50829,50831],{"id":50830},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[14,50833,50834,50835,50837],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[18,50836,41877],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[14,50839,50840],{},"Example with a list:",[47,50842,50844],{"className":49,"code":50843,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[18,50845,50846,50878],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50847,50848,50850,50852,50854,50856,50858,50860,50862,50864,50866,50868,50870,50872,50874,50876],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50849,12572],{"class":284},[56,50851,288],{"class":75},[56,50853,3080],{"class":66},[56,50855,938],{"class":937},[56,50857,12589],{"class":941},[56,50859,938],{"class":937},[56,50861,1080],{"class":66},[56,50863,1448],{"class":937},[56,50865,16956],{"class":941},[56,50867,938],{"class":937},[56,50869,1080],{"class":66},[56,50871,1448],{"class":937},[56,50873,12606],{"class":941},[56,50875,938],{"class":937},[56,50877,3093],{"class":66},[56,50879,50880,50882,50884,50886,50888,50890,50892],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,50881,63],{"class":62},[56,50883,67],{"class":66},[56,50885,10653],{"class":62},[56,50887,67],{"class":66},[56,50889,17003],{"class":237},[56,50891,4836],{"class":66},[56,50893,50290],{"class":3123},[14,50895,37430],{},[47,50897,50899],{"className":49,"code":50898,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[18,50900,50901,50918],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50902,50903,50906,50908,50910,50912,50914,50916],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50904,50905],{"class":284},"point ",[56,50907,288],{"class":75},[56,50909,8724],{"class":66},[56,50911,406],{"class":79},[56,50913,1080],{"class":66},[56,50915,7272],{"class":79},[56,50917,241],{"class":66},[56,50919,50920,50922,50924,50926,50928,50931,50933],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,50921,63],{"class":62},[56,50923,67],{"class":66},[56,50925,10653],{"class":62},[56,50927,67],{"class":66},[56,50929,50930],{"class":237},"point",[56,50932,4836],{"class":66},[56,50934,50935],{"class":3123},"  # 2\n",[14,50937,50938],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[47,50940,50942],{"className":49,"code":50941,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[18,50943,50944,50968,50972,50990],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,50945,50946,50948,50950,50952,50954,50956,50958,50960,50962,50964,50966],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,50947,7261],{"class":284},[56,50949,288],{"class":75},[56,50951,3080],{"class":66},[56,50953,938],{"class":937},[56,50955,3546],{"class":941},[56,50957,938],{"class":937},[56,50959,1080],{"class":66},[56,50961,1448],{"class":937},[56,50963,3555],{"class":941},[56,50965,938],{"class":937},[56,50967,3093],{"class":66},[56,50969,50970],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,50971,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,50973,50974,50976,50978,50980,50982,50984,50986,50988],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,50975,6477],{"class":3341},[56,50977,37900],{"class":62},[56,50979,67],{"class":66},[56,50981,7292],{"class":237},[56,50983,3120],{"class":66},[56,50985,37910],{"class":75},[56,50987,4973],{"class":79},[56,50989,5871],{"class":66},[56,50991,50992,50994,50996,50998,51000,51002,51004],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,50993,7552],{"class":62},[56,50995,67],{"class":66},[56,50997,7292],{"class":237},[56,50999,3366],{"class":66},[56,51001,1077],{"class":79},[56,51003,19948],{"class":66},[56,51005,51006],{"class":3123},"  # banana\n",[14,51008,51009],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[47,51011,51013],{"className":49,"code":51012,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[18,51014,51015,51038],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51016,51017,51019,51021,51023,51026,51028,51031,51033,51036],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51018,4536],{"class":284},[56,51020,288],{"class":75},[56,51022,3080],{"class":66},[56,51024,51025],{"class":79},"88",[56,51027,1080],{"class":66},[56,51029,51030],{"class":79}," 91",[56,51032,1080],{"class":66},[56,51034,51035],{"class":79}," 75",[56,51037,3093],{"class":66},[56,51039,51040,51042,51044,51046,51049,51051,51053,51055,51057,51059],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,51041,63],{"class":62},[56,51043,67],{"class":66},[56,51045,938],{"class":937},[56,51047,51048],{"class":941},"Number of scores:",[56,51050,938],{"class":937},[56,51052,1080],{"class":66},[56,51054,37900],{"class":62},[56,51056,67],{"class":66},[56,51058,15888],{"class":237},[56,51060,83],{"class":66},[14,51062,51063,51064,497],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[372,51065,51067],{"href":51066},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[42,51069,51071],{"id":51070},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[14,51073,51074,51075,51077],{},"For dictionaries, ",[18,51076,41877],{}," counts keys.",[47,51079,51081],{"className":49,"code":51080,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[18,51082,51083,51091,51109,51123,51139,51143,51147],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51084,51085,51087,51089],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51086,12359],{"class":284},[56,51088,288],{"class":75},[56,51090,10986],{"class":66},[56,51092,51093,51095,51097,51099,51101,51103,51105,51107],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,51094,10991],{"class":937},[56,51096,7149],{"class":941},[56,51098,938],{"class":937},[56,51100,971],{"class":66},[56,51102,1448],{"class":937},[56,51104,7404],{"class":941},[56,51106,938],{"class":937},[56,51108,11007],{"class":66},[56,51110,51111,51113,51115,51117,51119,51121],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,51112,10991],{"class":937},[56,51114,8787],{"class":941},[56,51116,938],{"class":937},[56,51118,971],{"class":66},[56,51120,30450],{"class":79},[56,51122,11007],{"class":66},[56,51124,51125,51127,51129,51131,51133,51135,51137],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,51126,10991],{"class":937},[56,51128,19393],{"class":941},[56,51130,938],{"class":937},[56,51132,971],{"class":66},[56,51134,1448],{"class":937},[56,51136,21748],{"class":941},[56,51138,1454],{"class":937},[56,51140,51141],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,51142,8797],{"class":66},[56,51144,51145],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,51146,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,51148,51149,51151,51153,51155,51157,51159,51161],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,51150,63],{"class":62},[56,51152,67],{"class":66},[56,51154,10653],{"class":62},[56,51156,67],{"class":66},[56,51158,13123],{"class":237},[56,51160,4836],{"class":66},[56,51162,50290],{"class":3123},[14,51164,51165,51166,51168],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[18,51167,41877],{}," returns the number of keys.",[14,51170,51171,51172,51174],{},"For sets, ",[18,51173,41877],{}," counts unique items:",[47,51176,51178],{"className":49,"code":51177,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[18,51179,51180,51208],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51181,51182,51184,51186,51188,51190,51192,51194,51196,51198,51200,51202,51204,51206],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51183,3075],{"class":284},[56,51185,288],{"class":75},[56,51187,9980],{"class":66},[56,51189,1077],{"class":79},[56,51191,1080],{"class":66},[56,51193,1083],{"class":79},[56,51195,1080],{"class":66},[56,51197,529],{"class":79},[56,51199,1080],{"class":66},[56,51201,529],{"class":79},[56,51203,1080],{"class":66},[56,51205,1083],{"class":79},[56,51207,8797],{"class":66},[56,51209,51210,51212,51214,51216,51218,51220,51222],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,51211,63],{"class":62},[56,51213,67],{"class":66},[56,51215,10653],{"class":62},[56,51217,67],{"class":66},[56,51219,3107],{"class":237},[56,51221,4836],{"class":66},[56,51223,50290],{"class":3123},[14,51225,51226],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[14,51228,51229],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[47,51231,51233],{"className":49,"code":51232,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[18,51234,51235,51243,51247,51265],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51236,51237,51239,51241],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51238,8653],{"class":284},[56,51240,288],{"class":75},[56,51242,9327],{"class":66},[56,51244,51245],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,51246,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,51248,51249,51251,51253,51255,51257,51259,51261,51263],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,51250,6477],{"class":3341},[56,51252,37900],{"class":62},[56,51254,67],{"class":66},[56,51256,8692],{"class":237},[56,51258,3120],{"class":66},[56,51260,5886],{"class":75},[56,51262,3297],{"class":79},[56,51264,5871],{"class":66},[56,51266,51267,51269,51271,51273,51276,51278],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,51268,7552],{"class":62},[56,51270,67],{"class":66},[56,51272,938],{"class":937},[56,51274,51275],{"class":941},"The dictionary is empty",[56,51277,938],{"class":937},[56,51279,241],{"class":66},[42,51281,40561],{"id":40560},[14,51283,51284,51285,497],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[18,51286,41877],{},[615,51288,51290],{"id":51289},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[47,51292,51294],{"className":49,"code":51293,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[18,51295,51296,51304,51308,51326],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51297,51298,51300,51302],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51299,7261],{"class":284},[56,51301,288],{"class":75},[56,51303,7321],{"class":66},[56,51305,51306],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,51307,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,51309,51310,51312,51314,51316,51318,51320,51322,51324],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,51311,6477],{"class":3341},[56,51313,37900],{"class":62},[56,51315,67],{"class":66},[56,51317,7292],{"class":237},[56,51319,3120],{"class":66},[56,51321,5886],{"class":75},[56,51323,3297],{"class":79},[56,51325,5871],{"class":66},[56,51327,51328,51330,51332,51334,51337,51339],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,51329,7552],{"class":62},[56,51331,67],{"class":66},[56,51333,938],{"class":937},[56,51335,51336],{"class":941},"The list is empty",[56,51338,938],{"class":937},[56,51340,241],{"class":66},[615,51342,51344],{"id":51343},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[47,51346,51348],{"className":49,"code":51347,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[18,51349,51350,51369],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51351,51352,51354,51356,51358,51360,51362,51365,51367],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51353,5631],{"class":284},[56,51355,288],{"class":75},[56,51357,7726],{"class":62},[56,51359,67],{"class":66},[56,51361,938],{"class":937},[56,51363,51364],{"class":941},"Enter a word: ",[56,51366,938],{"class":937},[56,51368,241],{"class":66},[56,51370,51371,51373,51375,51377,51380,51382,51384,51386,51388,51390],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,51372,63],{"class":62},[56,51374,67],{"class":66},[56,51376,938],{"class":937},[56,51378,51379],{"class":941},"Number of characters:",[56,51381,938],{"class":937},[56,51383,1080],{"class":66},[56,51385,37900],{"class":62},[56,51387,67],{"class":66},[56,51389,37905],{"class":237},[56,51391,83],{"class":66},[615,51393,51395],{"id":51394},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[47,51397,51399],{"className":49,"code":51398,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[18,51400,51401,51415,51419,51437,51452,51458],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51402,51403,51406,51408,51410,51413],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51404,51405],{"class":284},"password ",[56,51407,288],{"class":75},[56,51409,1448],{"class":937},[56,51411,51412],{"class":941},"secret123",[56,51414,1454],{"class":937},[56,51416,51417],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,51418,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,51420,51421,51423,51425,51427,51429,51431,51433,51435],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,51422,6477],{"class":3341},[56,51424,37900],{"class":62},[56,51426,67],{"class":66},[56,51428,17122],{"class":237},[56,51430,3120],{"class":66},[56,51432,50808],{"class":75},[56,51434,5837],{"class":79},[56,51436,5871],{"class":66},[56,51438,51439,51441,51443,51445,51448,51450],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,51440,7552],{"class":62},[56,51442,67],{"class":66},[56,51444,938],{"class":937},[56,51446,51447],{"class":941},"Password length is valid",[56,51449,938],{"class":937},[56,51451,241],{"class":66},[56,51453,51454,51456],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,51455,26939],{"class":3341},[56,51457,5871],{"class":66},[56,51459,51460,51462,51464,51466,51469,51471],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,51461,7552],{"class":62},[56,51463,67],{"class":66},[56,51465,938],{"class":937},[56,51467,51468],{"class":941},"Password is too short",[56,51470,938],{"class":937},[56,51472,241],{"class":66},[615,51474,51476],{"id":51475},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[47,51478,51480],{"className":49,"code":51479,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[18,51481,51482,51518],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51483,51484,51487,51489,51491,51493,51496,51498,51500,51502,51505,51507,51509,51511,51514,51516],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51485,51486],{"class":284},"results ",[56,51488,288],{"class":75},[56,51490,3080],{"class":66},[56,51492,938],{"class":937},[56,51494,51495],{"class":941},"item1",[56,51497,938],{"class":937},[56,51499,1080],{"class":66},[56,51501,1448],{"class":937},[56,51503,51504],{"class":941},"item2",[56,51506,938],{"class":937},[56,51508,1080],{"class":66},[56,51510,1448],{"class":937},[56,51512,51513],{"class":941},"item3",[56,51515,938],{"class":937},[56,51517,3093],{"class":66},[56,51519,51520,51522,51524,51526,51529,51531,51533,51535,51537,51540],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,51521,63],{"class":62},[56,51523,67],{"class":66},[56,51525,938],{"class":937},[56,51527,51528],{"class":941},"Items found:",[56,51530,938],{"class":937},[56,51532,1080],{"class":66},[56,51534,37900],{"class":62},[56,51536,67],{"class":66},[56,51538,51539],{"class":237},"results",[56,51541,83],{"class":66},[14,51543,51544],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[42,51546,51548],{"id":51547},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[14,51550,51551,51553],{},[18,51552,41877],{}," does not work on every value.",[14,51555,51556,51557,971],{},"These will raise a ",[18,51558,1096],{},[26,51560,51561,51564,51567],{},[29,51562,51563],{},"plain integers",[29,51565,51566],{},"floats",[29,51568,51569],{},[18,51570,3241],{},[14,51572,274],{},[47,51574,51576],{"className":49,"code":51575,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(len(5))\n",[18,51577,51578],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51579,51580,51582,51584,51586,51588,51590],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51581,63],{"class":62},[56,51583,67],{"class":66},[56,51585,10653],{"class":62},[56,51587,67],{"class":66},[56,51589,198],{"class":79},[56,51591,83],{"class":66},[14,51593,51594,51595,51597],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[18,51596,198],{}," does not have a length.",[14,51599,51600],{},"Another example:",[47,51602,51604],{"className":49,"code":51603,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(len(3.14))\n",[18,51605,51606],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51607,51608,51610,51612,51614,51616,51618],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51609,63],{"class":62},[56,51611,67],{"class":66},[56,51613,10653],{"class":62},[56,51615,67],{"class":66},[56,51617,39658],{"class":79},[56,51619,83],{"class":66},[14,51621,51622,51623,971],{},"And with ",[18,51624,3241],{},[47,51626,51628],{"className":49,"code":51627,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[18,51629,51630,51638],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51631,51632,51634,51636],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51633,524],{"class":284},[56,51635,288],{"class":75},[56,51637,48046],{"class":3316},[56,51639,51640,51642,51644,51646,51648,51650],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,51641,63],{"class":62},[56,51643,67],{"class":66},[56,51645,10653],{"class":62},[56,51647,67],{"class":66},[56,51649,551],{"class":237},[56,51651,83],{"class":66},[14,51653,51654,51655,497],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[372,51656,51658],{"href":51657},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[42,51660,51662],{"id":51661},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[14,51664,51665,51666,51668],{},"Before using ",[18,51667,41877],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[14,51670,51671],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[47,51673,51675],{"className":49,"code":51674,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[18,51676,51677,51685,51689,51699,51713,51731,51749],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51678,51679,51681,51683],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51680,524],{"class":284},[56,51682,288],{"class":75},[56,51684,48046],{"class":3316},[56,51686,51687],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,51688,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,51690,51691,51693,51695,51697],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,51692,63],{"class":62},[56,51694,67],{"class":66},[56,51696,551],{"class":237},[56,51698,241],{"class":66},[56,51700,51701,51703,51705,51707,51709,51711],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,51702,63],{"class":62},[56,51704,67],{"class":66},[56,51706,1314],{"class":989},[56,51708,67],{"class":66},[56,51710,551],{"class":237},[56,51712,83],{"class":66},[56,51714,51715,51717,51719,51721,51723,51725,51727,51729],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,51716,63],{"class":62},[56,51718,67],{"class":66},[56,51720,48394],{"class":62},[56,51722,67],{"class":66},[56,51724,551],{"class":237},[56,51726,1080],{"class":66},[56,51728,48423],{"class":989},[56,51730,83],{"class":66},[56,51732,51733,51735,51737,51739,51741,51743,51745,51747],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,51734,63],{"class":62},[56,51736,67],{"class":66},[56,51738,48394],{"class":62},[56,51740,67],{"class":66},[56,51742,551],{"class":237},[56,51744,1080],{"class":66},[56,51746,22063],{"class":989},[56,51748,83],{"class":66},[56,51750,51751,51753,51755,51757,51759,51761,51763,51765],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,51752,63],{"class":62},[56,51754,67],{"class":66},[56,51756,48394],{"class":62},[56,51758,67],{"class":66},[56,51760,551],{"class":237},[56,51762,1080],{"class":66},[56,51764,8658],{"class":989},[56,51766,83],{"class":66},[14,51768,51769],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[14,51771,51772],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[47,51774,51776],{"className":49,"code":51775,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[18,51777,51778,51790,51794,51808],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51779,51780,51782,51784,51786,51788],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51781,524],{"class":284},[56,51783,288],{"class":75},[56,51785,1448],{"class":937},[56,51787,3309],{"class":941},[56,51789,1454],{"class":937},[56,51791,51792],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,51793,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,51795,51796,51798,51800,51802,51804,51806],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,51797,6477],{"class":3341},[56,51799,21087],{"class":284},[56,51801,11688],{"class":75},[56,51803,7583],{"class":75},[56,51805,3317],{"class":3316},[56,51807,5871],{"class":66},[56,51809,51810,51812,51814,51816,51818,51820],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,51811,7552],{"class":62},[56,51813,67],{"class":66},[56,51815,10653],{"class":62},[56,51817,67],{"class":66},[56,51819,551],{"class":237},[56,51821,83],{"class":66},[14,51823,51824,51825,497],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[372,51826,7927],{"href":374},[42,51828,912],{"id":911},[14,51830,22598,51831,971],{},[18,51832,41877],{},[26,51834,51835,51843,51851,51859,51865],{},[29,51836,7902,51837,51839,51840],{},[18,51838,41877],{}," on an integer like ",[18,51841,51842],{},"len(5)",[29,51844,7902,51845,51847,51848],{},[18,51846,41877],{}," on a float like ",[18,51849,51850],{},"len(3.14)",[29,51852,7902,51853,51855,51856,51858],{},[18,51854,41877],{}," on ",[18,51857,3241],{}," after a function returns nothing",[29,51860,4049,51861,51864],{},[18,51862,51863],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[29,51866,51867],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[14,51869,51870],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[47,51872,51874],{"className":49,"code":51873,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[18,51875,51876,51912],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51877,51878,51880,51882,51884,51886,51888,51890,51892,51894,51896,51898,51900,51902,51904,51906,51908,51910],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51879,12701],{"class":284},[56,51881,288],{"class":75},[56,51883,9980],{"class":66},[56,51885,938],{"class":937},[56,51887,7149],{"class":941},[56,51889,938],{"class":937},[56,51891,971],{"class":66},[56,51893,1448],{"class":937},[56,51895,12376],{"class":941},[56,51897,938],{"class":937},[56,51899,1080],{"class":66},[56,51901,1448],{"class":937},[56,51903,8787],{"class":941},[56,51905,938],{"class":937},[56,51907,971],{"class":66},[56,51909,7272],{"class":79},[56,51911,8797],{"class":66},[56,51913,51914,51916,51918,51920,51922,51924,51926],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,51915,63],{"class":62},[56,51917,67],{"class":66},[56,51919,10653],{"class":62},[56,51921,67],{"class":66},[56,51923,16807],{"class":237},[56,51925,4836],{"class":66},[56,51927,50935],{"class":3123},[14,51929,37108,51930,51932,51933,3862,51935,497],{},[18,51931,115],{}," because there are two keys: ",[18,51934,14738],{},[18,51936,51937],{},"\"age\"",[14,51939,51940],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[47,51942,51944],{"className":49,"code":51943,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[18,51945,51946,51959],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,51947,51948,51950,51952,51954,51957],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,51949,34197],{"class":284},[56,51951,288],{"class":75},[56,51953,1448],{"class":937},[56,51955,51956],{"class":941},"a b",[56,51958,1454],{"class":937},[56,51960,51961,51963,51965,51967,51969,51971,51973],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,51962,63],{"class":62},[56,51964,67],{"class":66},[56,51966,10653],{"class":62},[56,51968,67],{"class":66},[56,51970,34218],{"class":237},[56,51972,4836],{"class":66},[56,51974,50290],{"class":3123},[14,51976,51977],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[42,51979,1553],{"id":1552},[615,51981,51983],{"id":51982},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[14,51985,51986],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[615,51988,51990],{"id":51989},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[14,51992,51993],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[615,51995,51997],{"id":51996},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[14,51999,52000],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[615,52002,52004],{"id":52003},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[14,52006,52007,52008,52010,52011,964,52013,52015,52016,497],{},"No. Using ",[18,52009,41877],{}," on an ",[18,52012,254],{},[18,52014,258],{}," raises a ",[18,52017,1096],{},[615,52019,52021],{"id":52020},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[14,52023,7244,52024,497],{},[18,52025,52026],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[14,52028,274],{},[47,52030,52032],{"className":49,"code":52031,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[18,52033,52034,52042,52046,52064],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52035,52036,52038,52040],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52037,7792],{"class":284},[56,52039,288],{"class":75},[56,52041,7321],{"class":66},[56,52043,52044],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,52045,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,52047,52048,52050,52052,52054,52056,52058,52060,52062],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,52049,6477],{"class":3341},[56,52051,37900],{"class":62},[56,52053,67],{"class":66},[56,52055,7823],{"class":237},[56,52057,3120],{"class":66},[56,52059,5886],{"class":75},[56,52061,3297],{"class":79},[56,52063,5871],{"class":66},[56,52065,52066,52068,52070,52072,52075,52077],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,52067,7552],{"class":62},[56,52069,67],{"class":66},[56,52071,938],{"class":937},[56,52073,52074],{"class":941},"Empty list",[56,52076,938],{"class":937},[56,52078,241],{"class":66},[14,52080,52081,52082,52084,52085,52087,52088,52090],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[18,52083,3134],{}," in an ",[18,52086,6477],{}," statement, but ",[18,52089,41877],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[42,52092,1601],{"id":1600},[26,52094,52095,52099,52103,52107,52112,52116,52122],{},[29,52096,52097],{},[372,52098,50496],{"href":50495},[29,52100,52101],{},[372,52102,50500],{"href":50499},[29,52104,52105],{},[372,52106,8643],{"href":8642},[29,52108,52109],{},[372,52110,52111],{"href":51066},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[29,52113,52114],{},[372,52115,7927],{"href":374},[29,52117,52118],{},[372,52119,52121],{"href":52120},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[29,52123,52124],{},[372,52125,52126],{"href":51657},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1633,52128,52129],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":52131},[52132,52133,52134,52135,52136,52137,52138,52144,52145,52146,52147,52154],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":50298,"depth":86,"text":50299},{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":50643,"depth":86,"text":50644},{"id":50830,"depth":86,"text":50831},{"id":51070,"depth":86,"text":51071},{"id":40560,"depth":86,"text":40561,"children":52139},[52140,52141,52142,52143],{"id":51289,"depth":102,"text":51290},{"id":51343,"depth":102,"text":51344},{"id":51394,"depth":102,"text":51395},{"id":51475,"depth":102,"text":51476},{"id":51547,"depth":86,"text":51548},{"id":51661,"depth":86,"text":51662},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":52148},[52149,52150,52151,52152,52153],{"id":51982,"depth":102,"text":51983},{"id":51989,"depth":102,"text":51990},{"id":51996,"depth":102,"text":51997},{"id":52003,"depth":102,"text":52004},{"id":52020,"depth":102,"text":52021},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50181,"description":52155},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52162,"title":52163,"body":52164,"description":53849,"extension":1665,"meta":53850,"navigation":316,"path":53851,"seo":53852,"stem":53853,"__hash__":53854},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52165,"toc":53822},[52166,52169,52183,52189,52191,52245,52250,52254,52270,52273,52287,52293,52295,52298,52317,52333,52335,52411,52413,52450,52461,52463,52466,52527,52529,52562,52565,52571,52575,52578,52703,52705,52764,52772,52825,52827,52854,52860,52870,52874,52877,52882,52934,52936,52962,52968,53022,53024,53049,53052,53076,53082,53084,53088,53090,53147,53149,53157,53159,53181,53183,53236,53238,53262,53266,53268,53307,53309,53317,53323,53327,53379,53381,53407,53415,53419,53424,53433,53435,53501,53503,53535,53539,53544,53546,53560,53563,53636,53638,53664,53666,53670,53677,53681,53688,53692,53695,53697,53750,53752,53778,53782,53791,53793,53819],[10,52167,52163],{"id":52168},"python-list-append-method",[14,52170,16,52171,52174,52175,52178,52179,52182],{},[18,52172,52173],{},"append()"," method adds ",[3205,52176,52177],{},"one item"," to the ",[3205,52180,52181],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[14,52184,52185,52186,52188],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[3205,52187,4101],{}," create a new list.",[42,52190,3065],{"id":3064},[47,52192,52194],{"className":49,"code":52193,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,52195,52196,52216,52230,52240],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52197,52198,52200,52202,52204,52206,52208,52210,52212,52214],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52199,3075],{"class":284},[56,52201,288],{"class":75},[56,52203,3080],{"class":66},[56,52205,1077],{"class":79},[56,52207,1080],{"class":66},[56,52209,1083],{"class":79},[56,52211,1080],{"class":66},[56,52213,529],{"class":79},[56,52215,3093],{"class":66},[56,52217,52218,52220,52222,52224,52226,52228],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,52219,3107],{"class":284},[56,52221,497],{"class":66},[56,52223,13050],{"class":237},[56,52225,67],{"class":66},[56,52227,584],{"class":79},[56,52229,241],{"class":66},[56,52231,52232,52234,52236,52238],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,52233,63],{"class":62},[56,52235,67],{"class":66},[56,52237,3107],{"class":237},[56,52239,241],{"class":66},[56,52241,52242],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,52243,52244],{"class":3123},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,52246,153,52247,52249],{},[18,52248,52173],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[42,52251,52253],{"id":52252},"what-append-does","What append() does",[26,52255,52256,52261,52264,52267],{},[29,52257,52258,52260],{},[18,52259,52173],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[29,52262,52263],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[29,52265,52266],{},"It does not create a new list",[29,52268,52269],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[14,52271,52272],{},"This means you can append:",[26,52274,52275,52277,52279,52281,52283,52285],{},[29,52276,3107],{},[29,52278,4783],{},[29,52280,40109],{},[29,52282,4774],{},[29,52284,6731],{},[29,52286,34171],{},[14,52288,52289,52290,497],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[372,52291,52292],{"href":50499},"Python lists explained for beginners",[42,52294,4906],{"id":4905},[14,52296,52297],{},"Basic form:",[47,52299,52301],{"className":49,"code":52300,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.append(item)\n",[18,52302,52303],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52304,52305,52307,52309,52311,52313,52315],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52306,7823],{"class":284},[56,52308,497],{"class":66},[56,52310,13050],{"class":237},[56,52312,67],{"class":66},[56,52314,22814],{"class":237},[56,52316,241],{"class":66},[26,52318,52319,52324,52329],{},[29,52320,52321,52323],{},[18,52322,7823],{}," is the list you want to change",[29,52325,52326,52328],{},[18,52327,22814],{}," is the value or object to add",[29,52330,11405,52331],{},[18,52332,3241],{},[14,52334,274],{},[47,52336,52338],{"className":49,"code":52337,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[18,52339,52340,52364,52387,52391,52401],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52341,52342,52344,52346,52348,52350,52352,52354,52356,52358,52360,52362],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52343,35751],{"class":284},[56,52345,288],{"class":75},[56,52347,3080],{"class":66},[56,52349,938],{"class":937},[56,52351,3546],{"class":941},[56,52353,938],{"class":937},[56,52355,1080],{"class":66},[56,52357,1448],{"class":937},[56,52359,3555],{"class":941},[56,52361,938],{"class":937},[56,52363,3093],{"class":66},[56,52365,52366,52368,52370,52373,52375,52377,52379,52381,52383,52385],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,52367,299],{"class":284},[56,52369,288],{"class":75},[56,52371,52372],{"class":284}," fruits",[56,52374,497],{"class":66},[56,52376,13050],{"class":237},[56,52378,67],{"class":66},[56,52380,938],{"class":937},[56,52382,32729],{"class":941},[56,52384,938],{"class":937},[56,52386,241],{"class":66},[56,52388,52389],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,52390,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,52392,52393,52395,52397,52399],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,52394,63],{"class":62},[56,52396,67],{"class":66},[56,52398,35803],{"class":237},[56,52400,241],{"class":66},[56,52402,52403,52405,52407,52409],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,52404,63],{"class":62},[56,52406,67],{"class":66},[56,52408,338],{"class":237},[56,52410,241],{"class":66},[14,52412,130],{},[47,52414,52416],{"className":49,"code":52415,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[18,52417,52418,52446],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52419,52420,52422,52424,52426,52428,52430,52432,52434,52436,52438,52440,52442,52444],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52421,3366],{"class":66},[56,52423,1394],{"class":937},[56,52425,3546],{"class":941},[56,52427,1394],{"class":937},[56,52429,1080],{"class":66},[56,52431,1389],{"class":937},[56,52433,3555],{"class":941},[56,52435,1394],{"class":937},[56,52437,1080],{"class":66},[56,52439,1389],{"class":937},[56,52441,32729],{"class":941},[56,52443,1394],{"class":937},[56,52445,3093],{"class":66},[56,52447,52448],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,52449,11302],{"class":3316},[14,52451,52452,52453,52455,52456,52458,52459,497],{},"The important detail is that ",[18,52454,52173],{}," updates ",[18,52457,35803],{},", but the method itself returns ",[18,52460,3241],{},[42,52462,10968],{"id":10967},[14,52464,52465],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[47,52467,52469],{"className":49,"code":52468,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,52470,52471,52495,52513,52517],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52472,52473,52475,52477,52479,52481,52483,52485,52487,52489,52491,52493],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52474,12572],{"class":284},[56,52476,288],{"class":75},[56,52478,3080],{"class":66},[56,52480,938],{"class":937},[56,52482,12589],{"class":941},[56,52484,938],{"class":937},[56,52486,1080],{"class":66},[56,52488,1448],{"class":937},[56,52490,12606],{"class":941},[56,52492,938],{"class":937},[56,52494,3093],{"class":66},[56,52496,52497,52499,52501,52503,52505,52507,52509,52511],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,52498,17003],{"class":284},[56,52500,497],{"class":66},[56,52502,13050],{"class":237},[56,52504,67],{"class":66},[56,52506,938],{"class":937},[56,52508,16956],{"class":941},[56,52510,938],{"class":937},[56,52512,241],{"class":66},[56,52514,52515],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,52516,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,52518,52519,52521,52523,52525],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,52520,63],{"class":62},[56,52522,67],{"class":66},[56,52524,17003],{"class":237},[56,52526,241],{"class":66},[14,52528,130],{},[47,52530,52532],{"className":49,"code":52531,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,52533,52534],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52535,52536,52538,52540,52542,52544,52546,52548,52550,52552,52554,52556,52558,52560],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52537,3366],{"class":66},[56,52539,1394],{"class":937},[56,52541,12589],{"class":941},[56,52543,1394],{"class":937},[56,52545,1080],{"class":66},[56,52547,1389],{"class":937},[56,52549,12606],{"class":941},[56,52551,1394],{"class":937},[56,52553,1080],{"class":66},[56,52555,1389],{"class":937},[56,52557,16956],{"class":941},[56,52559,1394],{"class":937},[56,52561,3093],{"class":66},[14,52563,52564],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[14,52566,30590,52567,497],{},[372,52568,52570],{"href":52569},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[42,52572,52574],{"id":52573},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[14,52576,52577],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[47,52579,52581],{"className":49,"code":52580,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,52582,52583,52591,52595,52609,52627,52641,52667,52689,52693],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52584,52585,52587,52589],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52586,7261],{"class":284},[56,52588,288],{"class":75},[56,52590,7321],{"class":66},[56,52592,52593],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,52594,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,52596,52597,52599,52601,52603,52605,52607],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,52598,7292],{"class":284},[56,52600,497],{"class":66},[56,52602,13050],{"class":237},[56,52604,67],{"class":66},[56,52606,406],{"class":79},[56,52608,241],{"class":66},[56,52610,52611,52613,52615,52617,52619,52621,52623,52625],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,52612,7292],{"class":284},[56,52614,497],{"class":66},[56,52616,13050],{"class":237},[56,52618,67],{"class":66},[56,52620,938],{"class":937},[56,52622,3309],{"class":941},[56,52624,938],{"class":937},[56,52626,241],{"class":66},[56,52628,52629,52631,52633,52635,52637,52639],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,52630,7292],{"class":284},[56,52632,497],{"class":66},[56,52634,13050],{"class":237},[56,52636,67],{"class":66},[56,52638,3060],{"class":3316},[56,52640,241],{"class":66},[56,52642,52643,52645,52647,52649,52651,52653,52655,52657,52659,52661,52663,52665],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,52644,7292],{"class":284},[56,52646,497],{"class":66},[56,52648,13050],{"class":237},[56,52650,5005],{"class":66},[56,52652,938],{"class":937},[56,52654,7149],{"class":941},[56,52656,938],{"class":937},[56,52658,971],{"class":66},[56,52660,1448],{"class":937},[56,52662,7158],{"class":941},[56,52664,938],{"class":937},[56,52666,30003],{"class":66},[56,52668,52669,52671,52673,52675,52677,52679,52681,52683,52685,52687],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,52670,7292],{"class":284},[56,52672,497],{"class":66},[56,52674,13050],{"class":237},[56,52676,1074],{"class":66},[56,52678,1077],{"class":79},[56,52680,1080],{"class":66},[56,52682,1083],{"class":79},[56,52684,1080],{"class":66},[56,52686,529],{"class":79},[56,52688,3354],{"class":66},[56,52690,52691],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,52692,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,52694,52695,52697,52699,52701],{"class":58,"line":5910},[56,52696,63],{"class":62},[56,52698,67],{"class":66},[56,52700,7292],{"class":237},[56,52702,241],{"class":66},[14,52704,130],{},[47,52706,52708],{"className":49,"code":52707,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[18,52709,52710],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52711,52712,52714,52716,52718,52720,52722,52724,52726,52728,52730,52732,52734,52736,52738,52740,52742,52744,52746,52749,52751,52753,52755,52757,52759,52761],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52713,3366],{"class":66},[56,52715,406],{"class":79},[56,52717,1080],{"class":66},[56,52719,1389],{"class":937},[56,52721,3309],{"class":941},[56,52723,1394],{"class":937},[56,52725,1080],{"class":66},[56,52727,3382],{"class":3316},[56,52729,1080],{"class":66},[56,52731,9980],{"class":66},[56,52733,1394],{"class":937},[56,52735,7149],{"class":941},[56,52737,1394],{"class":937},[56,52739,971],{"class":66},[56,52741,1389],{"class":937},[56,52743,7158],{"class":941},[56,52745,1394],{"class":937},[56,52747,52748],{"class":66},"},",[56,52750,3080],{"class":66},[56,52752,1077],{"class":79},[56,52754,1080],{"class":66},[56,52756,1083],{"class":79},[56,52758,1080],{"class":66},[56,52760,529],{"class":79},[56,52762,52763],{"class":66},"]]\n",[14,52765,52766,52767,41671,52769,497],{},"A list added with ",[18,52768,52173],{},[3205,52770,52771],{},"one single item",[47,52773,52775],{"className":49,"code":52774,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,52776,52777,52793,52811,52815],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52778,52779,52781,52783,52785,52787,52789,52791],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52780,3075],{"class":284},[56,52782,288],{"class":75},[56,52784,3080],{"class":66},[56,52786,1077],{"class":79},[56,52788,1080],{"class":66},[56,52790,1083],{"class":79},[56,52792,3093],{"class":66},[56,52794,52795,52797,52799,52801,52803,52805,52807,52809],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,52796,3107],{"class":284},[56,52798,497],{"class":66},[56,52800,13050],{"class":237},[56,52802,1074],{"class":66},[56,52804,121],{"class":79},[56,52806,1080],{"class":66},[56,52808,535],{"class":79},[56,52810,3354],{"class":66},[56,52812,52813],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,52814,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,52816,52817,52819,52821,52823],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,52818,63],{"class":62},[56,52820,67],{"class":66},[56,52822,3107],{"class":237},[56,52824,241],{"class":66},[14,52826,130],{},[47,52828,52830],{"className":49,"code":52829,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[18,52831,52832],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52833,52834,52836,52838,52840,52842,52844,52846,52848,52850,52852],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52835,3366],{"class":66},[56,52837,1077],{"class":79},[56,52839,1080],{"class":66},[56,52841,1083],{"class":79},[56,52843,1080],{"class":66},[56,52845,3080],{"class":66},[56,52847,121],{"class":79},[56,52849,1080],{"class":66},[56,52851,535],{"class":79},[56,52853,52763],{"class":66},[14,52855,360,52856,52859],{},[18,52857,52858],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[14,52861,52862,52863,52869],{},"This is different from ",[372,52864,52866],{"href":52865},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[18,52867,52868],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[42,52871,52873],{"id":52872},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[14,52875,52876],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[615,52878,7902,52880],{"id":52879},"using-append",[18,52881,52173],{},[47,52883,52884],{"className":49,"code":52774,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,52885,52886,52902,52920,52924],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52887,52888,52890,52892,52894,52896,52898,52900],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52889,3075],{"class":284},[56,52891,288],{"class":75},[56,52893,3080],{"class":66},[56,52895,1077],{"class":79},[56,52897,1080],{"class":66},[56,52899,1083],{"class":79},[56,52901,3093],{"class":66},[56,52903,52904,52906,52908,52910,52912,52914,52916,52918],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,52905,3107],{"class":284},[56,52907,497],{"class":66},[56,52909,13050],{"class":237},[56,52911,1074],{"class":66},[56,52913,121],{"class":79},[56,52915,1080],{"class":66},[56,52917,535],{"class":79},[56,52919,3354],{"class":66},[56,52921,52922],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,52923,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,52925,52926,52928,52930,52932],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,52927,63],{"class":62},[56,52929,67],{"class":66},[56,52931,3107],{"class":237},[56,52933,241],{"class":66},[14,52935,130],{},[47,52937,52938],{"className":49,"code":52829,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,52939,52940],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52941,52942,52944,52946,52948,52950,52952,52954,52956,52958,52960],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52943,3366],{"class":66},[56,52945,1077],{"class":79},[56,52947,1080],{"class":66},[56,52949,1083],{"class":79},[56,52951,1080],{"class":66},[56,52953,3080],{"class":66},[56,52955,121],{"class":79},[56,52957,1080],{"class":66},[56,52959,535],{"class":79},[56,52961,52763],{"class":66},[615,52963,7902,52965],{"id":52964},"using-extend",[18,52966,52967],{},"extend()",[47,52969,52971],{"className":49,"code":52970,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,52972,52973,52989,53008,53012],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,52974,52975,52977,52979,52981,52983,52985,52987],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,52976,3075],{"class":284},[56,52978,288],{"class":75},[56,52980,3080],{"class":66},[56,52982,1077],{"class":79},[56,52984,1080],{"class":66},[56,52986,1083],{"class":79},[56,52988,3093],{"class":66},[56,52990,52991,52993,52995,52998,53000,53002,53004,53006],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,52992,3107],{"class":284},[56,52994,497],{"class":66},[56,52996,52997],{"class":237},"extend",[56,52999,1074],{"class":66},[56,53001,121],{"class":79},[56,53003,1080],{"class":66},[56,53005,535],{"class":79},[56,53007,3354],{"class":66},[56,53009,53010],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,53011,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,53013,53014,53016,53018,53020],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,53015,63],{"class":62},[56,53017,67],{"class":66},[56,53019,3107],{"class":237},[56,53021,241],{"class":66},[14,53023,130],{},[47,53025,53027],{"className":49,"code":53026,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,53028,53029],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53030,53031,53033,53035,53037,53039,53041,53043,53045,53047],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53032,3366],{"class":66},[56,53034,1077],{"class":79},[56,53036,1080],{"class":66},[56,53038,1083],{"class":79},[56,53040,1080],{"class":66},[56,53042,529],{"class":79},[56,53044,1080],{"class":66},[56,53046,535],{"class":79},[56,53048,3093],{"class":66},[14,53050,53051],{},"The difference:",[26,53053,53054,53060,53066,53071],{},[29,53055,53056,53059],{},[18,53057,53058],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[29,53061,53062,53065],{},[18,53063,53064],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[29,53067,153,53068,53070],{},[18,53069,52173],{}," for one item",[29,53072,153,53073,53075],{},[18,53074,52967],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[14,53077,53078,53079,497],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[372,53080,53081],{"href":52865},"Python list extend() method",[42,53083,3988],{"id":3987},[615,53085,53087],{"id":53086},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[14,53089,25195],{},[47,53091,53093],{"className":49,"code":53092,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,53094,53095,53115,53133,53137],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53096,53097,53099,53101,53103,53105,53107,53109,53111,53113],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53098,7261],{"class":284},[56,53100,288],{"class":75},[56,53102,3080],{"class":66},[56,53104,1077],{"class":79},[56,53106,1080],{"class":66},[56,53108,1083],{"class":79},[56,53110,1080],{"class":66},[56,53112,529],{"class":79},[56,53114,3093],{"class":66},[56,53116,53117,53119,53121,53123,53125,53127,53129,53131],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,53118,7261],{"class":284},[56,53120,288],{"class":75},[56,53122,5442],{"class":284},[56,53124,497],{"class":66},[56,53126,13050],{"class":237},[56,53128,67],{"class":66},[56,53130,584],{"class":79},[56,53132,241],{"class":66},[56,53134,53135],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,53136,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,53138,53139,53141,53143,53145],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,53140,63],{"class":62},[56,53142,67],{"class":66},[56,53144,7292],{"class":237},[56,53146,241],{"class":66},[14,53148,130],{},[47,53150,53151],{"className":49,"code":11302,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,53152,53153],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53154,53155],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53156,11302],{"class":3316},[14,53158,11394],{},[26,53160,53161,53166,53172],{},[29,53162,53163,53165],{},[18,53164,52173],{}," changes the list in place",[29,53167,53168,473,53170],{},[18,53169,52173],{},[18,53171,3241],{},[29,53173,53174,53175,53178,53179],{},"So ",[18,53176,53177],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[18,53180,3241],{},[14,53182,10298],{},[47,53184,53186],{"className":49,"code":53185,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,53187,53188,53208,53222,53226],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53189,53190,53192,53194,53196,53198,53200,53202,53204,53206],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53191,7261],{"class":284},[56,53193,288],{"class":75},[56,53195,3080],{"class":66},[56,53197,1077],{"class":79},[56,53199,1080],{"class":66},[56,53201,1083],{"class":79},[56,53203,1080],{"class":66},[56,53205,529],{"class":79},[56,53207,3093],{"class":66},[56,53209,53210,53212,53214,53216,53218,53220],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,53211,7292],{"class":284},[56,53213,497],{"class":66},[56,53215,13050],{"class":237},[56,53217,67],{"class":66},[56,53219,584],{"class":79},[56,53221,241],{"class":66},[56,53223,53224],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,53225,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,53227,53228,53230,53232,53234],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,53229,63],{"class":62},[56,53231,67],{"class":66},[56,53233,7292],{"class":237},[56,53235,241],{"class":66},[14,53237,130],{},[47,53239,53240],{"className":49,"code":53026,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,53241,53242],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53243,53244,53246,53248,53250,53252,53254,53256,53258,53260],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53245,3366],{"class":66},[56,53247,1077],{"class":79},[56,53249,1080],{"class":66},[56,53251,1083],{"class":79},[56,53253,1080],{"class":66},[56,53255,529],{"class":79},[56,53257,1080],{"class":66},[56,53259,535],{"class":79},[56,53261,3093],{"class":66},[615,53263,53265],{"id":53264},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[14,53267,18415],{},[47,53269,53271],{"className":49,"code":53270,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[18,53272,53273,53297],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53274,53275,53277,53279,53281,53283,53285,53287,53289,53291,53293,53295],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53276,31390],{"class":284},[56,53278,288],{"class":75},[56,53280,3080],{"class":66},[56,53282,1077],{"class":79},[56,53284,1080],{"class":66},[56,53286,1083],{"class":79},[56,53288,13047],{"class":66},[56,53290,13050],{"class":237},[56,53292,67],{"class":66},[56,53294,121],{"class":79},[56,53296,241],{"class":66},[56,53298,53299,53301,53303,53305],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,53300,63],{"class":62},[56,53302,67],{"class":66},[56,53304,31409],{"class":237},[56,53306,241],{"class":66},[14,53308,130],{},[47,53310,53311],{"className":49,"code":11302,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,53312,53313],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53314,53315],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53316,11302],{"class":3316},[14,53318,53319,53320,53322],{},"Remember: ",[18,53321,52173],{}," updates the list you already have.",[615,53324,53326],{"id":53325},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[47,53328,53329],{"className":49,"code":52774,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,53330,53331,53347,53365,53369],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53332,53333,53335,53337,53339,53341,53343,53345],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53334,3075],{"class":284},[56,53336,288],{"class":75},[56,53338,3080],{"class":66},[56,53340,1077],{"class":79},[56,53342,1080],{"class":66},[56,53344,1083],{"class":79},[56,53346,3093],{"class":66},[56,53348,53349,53351,53353,53355,53357,53359,53361,53363],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,53350,3107],{"class":284},[56,53352,497],{"class":66},[56,53354,13050],{"class":237},[56,53356,1074],{"class":66},[56,53358,121],{"class":79},[56,53360,1080],{"class":66},[56,53362,535],{"class":79},[56,53364,3354],{"class":66},[56,53366,53367],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,53368,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,53370,53371,53373,53375,53377],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,53372,63],{"class":62},[56,53374,67],{"class":66},[56,53376,3107],{"class":237},[56,53378,241],{"class":66},[14,53380,130],{},[47,53382,53383],{"className":49,"code":52829,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,53384,53385],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53386,53387,53389,53391,53393,53395,53397,53399,53401,53403,53405],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53388,3366],{"class":66},[56,53390,1077],{"class":79},[56,53392,1080],{"class":66},[56,53394,1083],{"class":79},[56,53396,1080],{"class":66},[56,53398,3080],{"class":66},[56,53400,121],{"class":79},[56,53402,1080],{"class":66},[56,53404,535],{"class":79},[56,53406,52763],{"class":66},[14,53408,1261,53409,53412,53413,6110],{},[18,53410,53411],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[18,53414,52967],{},[615,53416,53418],{"id":53417},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[14,53420,53421,53423],{},[18,53422,52173],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[14,53425,53426,53427,497],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[372,53428,53430],{"href":53429},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[18,53431,53432],{},"list.insert()",[14,53434,274],{},[47,53436,53438],{"className":49,"code":53437,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,53439,53440,53464,53487,53491],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53441,53442,53444,53446,53448,53450,53452,53454,53456,53458,53460,53462],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53443,35602],{"class":284},[56,53445,288],{"class":75},[56,53447,3080],{"class":66},[56,53449,938],{"class":937},[56,53451,372],{"class":941},[56,53453,938],{"class":937},[56,53455,1080],{"class":66},[56,53457,1448],{"class":937},[56,53459,9228],{"class":941},[56,53461,938],{"class":937},[56,53463,3093],{"class":66},[56,53465,53466,53468,53470,53473,53475,53477,53479,53481,53483,53485],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,53467,35655],{"class":284},[56,53469,497],{"class":66},[56,53471,53472],{"class":237},"insert",[56,53474,67],{"class":66},[56,53476,1077],{"class":79},[56,53478,1080],{"class":66},[56,53480,1448],{"class":937},[56,53482,4232],{"class":941},[56,53484,938],{"class":937},[56,53486,241],{"class":66},[56,53488,53489],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,53490,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,53492,53493,53495,53497,53499],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,53494,63],{"class":62},[56,53496,67],{"class":66},[56,53498,35655],{"class":237},[56,53500,241],{"class":66},[14,53502,130],{},[47,53504,53505],{"className":49,"code":42392,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,53506,53507],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53508,53509,53511,53513,53515,53517,53519,53521,53523,53525,53527,53529,53531,53533],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53510,3366],{"class":66},[56,53512,1394],{"class":937},[56,53514,372],{"class":941},[56,53516,1394],{"class":937},[56,53518,1080],{"class":66},[56,53520,1389],{"class":937},[56,53522,4232],{"class":941},[56,53524,1394],{"class":937},[56,53526,1080],{"class":66},[56,53528,1389],{"class":937},[56,53530,9228],{"class":941},[56,53532,1394],{"class":937},[56,53534,3093],{"class":66},[42,53536,53538],{"id":53537},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[14,53540,53541,53543],{},[18,53542,52173],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[14,53545,35938],{},[26,53547,53548,53551,53554,53557],{},[29,53549,53550],{},"building a list in a loop",[29,53552,53553],{},"collecting user input",[29,53555,53556],{},"storing results step by step",[29,53558,53559],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[14,53561,53562],{},"Example with a loop:",[47,53564,53566],{"className":49,"code":53565,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[18,53567,53568,53577,53581,53602,53621,53625],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53569,53570,53573,53575],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53571,53572],{"class":284},"squares ",[56,53574,288],{"class":75},[56,53576,7321],{"class":66},[56,53578,53579],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,53580,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,53582,53583,53585,53587,53589,53592,53594,53596,53598,53600],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,53584,5434],{"class":3341},[56,53586,5864],{"class":284},[56,53588,3348],{"class":3341},[56,53590,53591],{"class":62}," range",[56,53593,67],{"class":66},[56,53595,1077],{"class":79},[56,53597,1080],{"class":66},[56,53599,4075],{"class":79},[56,53601,7826],{"class":66},[56,53603,53604,53607,53609,53611,53613,53615,53617,53619],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,53605,53606],{"class":284},"    squares",[56,53608,497],{"class":66},[56,53610,13050],{"class":237},[56,53612,67],{"class":66},[56,53614,285],{"class":237},[56,53616,39387],{"class":75},[56,53618,263],{"class":237},[56,53620,241],{"class":66},[56,53622,53623],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,53624,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,53626,53627,53629,53631,53634],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,53628,63],{"class":62},[56,53630,67],{"class":66},[56,53632,53633],{"class":237},"squares",[56,53635,241],{"class":66},[14,53637,130],{},[47,53639,53641],{"className":49,"code":53640,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[18,53642,53643],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53644,53645,53647,53649,53651,53653,53655,53658,53660,53662],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53646,3366],{"class":66},[56,53648,1077],{"class":79},[56,53650,1080],{"class":66},[56,53652,535],{"class":79},[56,53654,1080],{"class":66},[56,53656,53657],{"class":79}," 9",[56,53659,1080],{"class":66},[56,53661,13485],{"class":79},[56,53663,3093],{"class":66},[42,53665,1553],{"id":1552},[615,53667,53669],{"id":53668},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[14,53671,45883,53672,53674,53675,497],{},[18,53673,52173],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[18,53676,3241],{},[615,53678,53680],{"id":53679},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[14,53682,53683,53684,497],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[372,53685,53686],{"href":52865},[18,53687,52967],{},[615,53689,53691],{"id":53690},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[14,53693,53694],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[14,53696,274],{},[47,53698,53700],{"className":49,"code":53699,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,53701,53702,53718,53736,53740],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53703,53704,53706,53708,53710,53712,53714,53716],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53705,8653],{"class":284},[56,53707,288],{"class":75},[56,53709,3080],{"class":66},[56,53711,1077],{"class":79},[56,53713,1080],{"class":66},[56,53715,1083],{"class":79},[56,53717,3093],{"class":66},[56,53719,53720,53722,53724,53726,53728,53730,53732,53734],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,53721,8692],{"class":284},[56,53723,497],{"class":66},[56,53725,13050],{"class":237},[56,53727,1074],{"class":66},[56,53729,121],{"class":79},[56,53731,1080],{"class":66},[56,53733,535],{"class":79},[56,53735,3354],{"class":66},[56,53737,53738],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,53739,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,53741,53742,53744,53746,53748],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,53743,63],{"class":62},[56,53745,67],{"class":66},[56,53747,8692],{"class":237},[56,53749,241],{"class":66},[14,53751,130],{},[47,53753,53754],{"className":49,"code":52829,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,53755,53756],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53757,53758,53760,53762,53764,53766,53768,53770,53772,53774,53776],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53759,3366],{"class":66},[56,53761,1077],{"class":79},[56,53763,1080],{"class":66},[56,53765,1083],{"class":79},[56,53767,1080],{"class":66},[56,53769,3080],{"class":66},[56,53771,121],{"class":79},[56,53773,1080],{"class":66},[56,53775,535],{"class":79},[56,53777,52763],{"class":66},[615,53779,53781],{"id":53780},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[14,53783,53784,53786,53787,53790],{},[18,53785,52173],{}," adds at the end. ",[18,53788,53789],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[42,53792,1601],{"id":1600},[26,53794,53795,53800,53804,53809,53813],{},[29,53796,53797],{},[372,53798,53799],{"href":52569},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[29,53801,53802],{},[372,53803,53081],{"href":52865},[29,53805,53806],{},[372,53807,53808],{"href":53429},"Python list insert() method",[29,53810,53811],{},[372,53812,52292],{"href":50499},[29,53814,53815],{},[372,53816,53818],{"href":53817},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1633,53820,53821],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":53823},[53824,53825,53826,53827,53828,53829,53835,53841,53842,53848],{"id":3064,"depth":86,"text":3065},{"id":52252,"depth":86,"text":52253},{"id":4905,"depth":86,"text":4906},{"id":10967,"depth":86,"text":10968},{"id":52573,"depth":86,"text":52574},{"id":52872,"depth":86,"text":52873,"children":53830},[53831,53833],{"id":52879,"depth":102,"text":53832},"Using append()",{"id":52964,"depth":102,"text":53834},"Using extend()",{"id":3987,"depth":86,"text":3988,"children":53836},[53837,53838,53839,53840],{"id":53086,"depth":102,"text":53087},{"id":53264,"depth":102,"text":53265},{"id":53325,"depth":102,"text":53326},{"id":53417,"depth":102,"text":53418},{"id":53537,"depth":86,"text":53538},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":53843},[53844,53845,53846,53847],{"id":53668,"depth":102,"text":53669},{"id":53679,"depth":102,"text":53680},{"id":53690,"depth":102,"text":53691},{"id":53780,"depth":102,"text":53781},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52163,"description":53849},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":53856,"title":53857,"body":53858,"description":55102,"extension":1665,"meta":55103,"navigation":316,"path":55104,"seo":55105,"stem":55106,"__hash__":55107},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":53859,"toc":55067},[53860,53866,53872,53878,53880,53928,53933,53938,53942,53958,53964,53966,53969,53984,53986,53997,53999,54001,54058,54060,54068,54070,54086,54092,54094,54100,54104,54188,54191,54240,54247,54255,54258,54272,54285,54291,54366,54373,54380,54454,54462,54465,54476,54485,54489,54493,54504,54506,54583,54604,54606,54616,54619,54667,54669,54690,54693,54695,54746,54752,54759,54826,54832,54838,54841,54868,54873,54879,54882,54954,54957,54968,54974,54976,54982,54985,54991,54997,55004,55012,55018,55024,55026,55064],[10,53861,53863,53864,10814],{"id":53862},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[18,53865,10813],{},[14,53867,53868,53871],{},[18,53869,53870],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[14,53873,53874,53875,53877],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[3205,53876,10826],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[42,53879,3065],{"id":3064},[47,53881,53883],{"className":49,"code":53882,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[18,53884,53885,53905,53915],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53886,53887,53889,53891,53893,53895,53897,53899,53901,53903],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53888,7261],{"class":284},[56,53890,288],{"class":75},[56,53892,3080],{"class":66},[56,53894,1077],{"class":79},[56,53896,1080],{"class":66},[56,53898,1083],{"class":79},[56,53900,1080],{"class":66},[56,53902,529],{"class":79},[56,53904,3093],{"class":66},[56,53906,53907,53909,53911,53913],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,53908,7292],{"class":284},[56,53910,497],{"class":66},[56,53912,10875],{"class":237},[56,53914,8129],{"class":66},[56,53916,53917,53919,53921,53923,53925],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,53918,63],{"class":62},[56,53920,67],{"class":66},[56,53922,7292],{"class":237},[56,53924,3120],{"class":66},[56,53926,53927],{"class":3123},"  # []\n",[14,53929,153,53930,53932],{},[18,53931,10813],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[42,53934,3138,53936,3141],{"id":53935},"what-listclear-does",[18,53937,53870],{},[14,53939,53940,971],{},[18,53941,53870],{},[26,53943,53944,53947,53950,53955],{},[29,53945,53946],{},"Removes every item from a list",[29,53948,53949],{},"Changes the original list in place",[29,53951,53952,53953],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[18,53954,3250],{},[29,53956,53957],{},"Takes no arguments",[14,53959,53960,53961,53963],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[18,53962,10813],{},", but it contains no values.",[42,53965,220],{"id":219},[14,53967,53968],{},"Syntax:",[47,53970,53972],{"className":49,"code":53971,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.clear()\n",[18,53973,53974],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,53975,53976,53978,53980,53982],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,53977,7823],{"class":284},[56,53979,497],{"class":66},[56,53981,10875],{"class":237},[56,53983,8129],{"class":66},[14,53985,10951],{},[26,53987,53988,53991,53994],{},[29,53989,53990],{},"Call it on a list object",[29,53992,53993],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[29,53995,53996],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[42,53998,10968],{"id":10967},[14,54000,10971],{},[47,54002,54004],{"className":49,"code":54003,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,54005,54006,54030,54034,54044,54048],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54007,54008,54010,54012,54014,54016,54018,54020,54022,54024,54026,54028],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54009,3075],{"class":284},[56,54011,288],{"class":75},[56,54013,3080],{"class":66},[56,54015,406],{"class":79},[56,54017,1080],{"class":66},[56,54019,7272],{"class":79},[56,54021,1080],{"class":66},[56,54023,7277],{"class":79},[56,54025,1080],{"class":66},[56,54027,50363],{"class":79},[56,54029,3093],{"class":66},[56,54031,54032],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,54033,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,54035,54036,54038,54040,54042],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,54037,3107],{"class":284},[56,54039,497],{"class":66},[56,54041,10875],{"class":237},[56,54043,8129],{"class":66},[56,54045,54046],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,54047,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,54049,54050,54052,54054,54056],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,54051,63],{"class":62},[56,54053,67],{"class":66},[56,54055,3107],{"class":237},[56,54057,241],{"class":66},[14,54059,130],{},[47,54061,54062],{"className":49,"code":37811,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,54063,54064],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54065,54066],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54067,37811],{"class":66},[14,54069,11177],{},[26,54071,54072,54077,54083],{},[29,54073,54074,54076],{},[18,54075,3107],{}," starts with four items",[29,54078,54079,54082],{},[18,54080,54081],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[29,54084,54085],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[14,54087,54088,54089,497],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[372,54090,52292],{"href":54091},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[42,54093,16919],{"id":16918},[14,54095,54096,473,54098,497],{},[18,54097,10813],{},[18,54099,3241],{},[14,54101,40421,54102,52188],{},[3205,54103,4101],{},[47,54105,54107],{"className":49,"code":54106,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[18,54108,54109,54141,54145,54159,54163,54176],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54110,54111,54113,54115,54117,54119,54121,54123,54125,54127,54129,54131,54133,54135,54137,54139],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54112,7261],{"class":284},[56,54114,288],{"class":75},[56,54116,3080],{"class":66},[56,54118,938],{"class":937},[56,54120,372],{"class":941},[56,54122,938],{"class":937},[56,54124,1080],{"class":66},[56,54126,1448],{"class":937},[56,54128,4232],{"class":941},[56,54130,938],{"class":937},[56,54132,1080],{"class":66},[56,54134,1448],{"class":937},[56,54136,9228],{"class":941},[56,54138,938],{"class":937},[56,54140,3093],{"class":66},[56,54142,54143],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,54144,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,54146,54147,54149,54151,54153,54155,54157],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,54148,299],{"class":284},[56,54150,288],{"class":75},[56,54152,5442],{"class":284},[56,54154,497],{"class":66},[56,54156,10875],{"class":237},[56,54158,8129],{"class":66},[56,54160,54161],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,54162,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,54164,54165,54167,54169,54171,54173],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,54166,63],{"class":62},[56,54168,67],{"class":66},[56,54170,7292],{"class":237},[56,54172,3120],{"class":66},[56,54174,54175],{"class":3123},"   # []\n",[56,54177,54178,54180,54182,54184,54186],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,54179,63],{"class":62},[56,54181,67],{"class":66},[56,54183,338],{"class":237},[56,54185,3120],{"class":66},[56,54187,20378],{"class":3123},[14,54189,54190],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[47,54192,54194],{"className":49,"code":54193,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[18,54195,54196,54216,54230],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54197,54198,54200,54202,54204,54206,54208,54210,54212,54214],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54199,7261],{"class":284},[56,54201,288],{"class":75},[56,54203,3080],{"class":66},[56,54205,1077],{"class":79},[56,54207,1080],{"class":66},[56,54209,1083],{"class":79},[56,54211,1080],{"class":66},[56,54213,529],{"class":79},[56,54215,3093],{"class":66},[56,54217,54218,54220,54222,54224,54226,54228],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,54219,7261],{"class":284},[56,54221,288],{"class":75},[56,54223,5442],{"class":284},[56,54225,497],{"class":66},[56,54227,10875],{"class":237},[56,54229,8129],{"class":66},[56,54231,54232,54234,54236,54238],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,54233,63],{"class":62},[56,54235,67],{"class":66},[56,54237,7292],{"class":237},[56,54239,241],{"class":66},[14,54241,11410,54242,41671,54244,54246],{},[18,54243,7292],{},[18,54245,3241],{},", not an empty list.",[42,54248,54250,54252,54253],{"id":54249},"clear-vs-assigning",[18,54251,10813],{}," vs assigning ",[18,54254,3250],{},[14,54256,54257],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[47,54259,54260],{"className":49,"code":53971,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,54261,54262],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54263,54264,54266,54268,54270],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54265,7823],{"class":284},[56,54267,497],{"class":66},[56,54269,10875],{"class":237},[56,54271,8129],{"class":66},[47,54273,54275],{"className":49,"code":54274,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list = []\n",[18,54276,54277],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54278,54279,54281,54283],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54280,7792],{"class":284},[56,54282,288],{"class":75},[56,54284,7321],{"class":66},[615,54286,54288,54290],{"id":54287},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[18,54289,10813],{}," empties the same list object",[47,54292,54294],{"className":49,"code":54293,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[18,54295,54296,54316,54324,54328,54338,54342,54354],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54297,54298,54300,54302,54304,54306,54308,54310,54312,54314],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54299,635],{"class":284},[56,54301,288],{"class":75},[56,54303,3080],{"class":66},[56,54305,1077],{"class":79},[56,54307,1080],{"class":66},[56,54309,1083],{"class":79},[56,54311,1080],{"class":66},[56,54313,529],{"class":79},[56,54315,3093],{"class":66},[56,54317,54318,54320,54322],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,54319,663],{"class":284},[56,54321,288],{"class":75},[56,54323,35687],{"class":284},[56,54325,54326],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,54327,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,54329,54330,54332,54334,54336],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,54331,372],{"class":284},[56,54333,497],{"class":66},[56,54335,10875],{"class":237},[56,54337,8129],{"class":66},[56,54339,54340],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,54341,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,54343,54344,54346,54348,54350,54352],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,54345,63],{"class":62},[56,54347,67],{"class":66},[56,54349,372],{"class":237},[56,54351,3120],{"class":66},[56,54353,53927],{"class":3123},[56,54355,54356,54358,54360,54362,54364],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,54357,63],{"class":62},[56,54359,67],{"class":66},[56,54361,4232],{"class":237},[56,54363,3120],{"class":66},[56,54365,53927],{"class":3123},[14,54367,10080,54368,3862,54370,54372],{},[18,54369,372],{},[18,54371,4232],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[615,54374,54376,54379],{"id":54375},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[18,54377,54378],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[47,54381,54383],{"className":49,"code":54382,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,54384,54385,54405,54413,54417,54425,54429,54441],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54386,54387,54389,54391,54393,54395,54397,54399,54401,54403],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54388,635],{"class":284},[56,54390,288],{"class":75},[56,54392,3080],{"class":66},[56,54394,1077],{"class":79},[56,54396,1080],{"class":66},[56,54398,1083],{"class":79},[56,54400,1080],{"class":66},[56,54402,529],{"class":79},[56,54404,3093],{"class":66},[56,54406,54407,54409,54411],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,54408,663],{"class":284},[56,54410,288],{"class":75},[56,54412,35687],{"class":284},[56,54414,54415],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,54416,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,54418,54419,54421,54423],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,54420,635],{"class":284},[56,54422,288],{"class":75},[56,54424,7321],{"class":66},[56,54426,54427],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,54428,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,54430,54431,54433,54435,54437,54439],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,54432,63],{"class":62},[56,54434,67],{"class":66},[56,54436,372],{"class":237},[56,54438,3120],{"class":66},[56,54440,53927],{"class":3123},[56,54442,54443,54445,54447,54449,54451],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,54444,63],{"class":62},[56,54446,67],{"class":66},[56,54448,4232],{"class":237},[56,54450,3120],{"class":66},[56,54452,54453],{"class":3123},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[14,54455,20273,54456,54458,54459,54461],{},[18,54457,372],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[18,54460,4232],{}," still points to the original list.",[14,54463,54464],{},"This difference matters when:",[26,54466,54467,54470,54473],{},[29,54468,54469],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[29,54471,54472],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[29,54474,54475],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[14,54477,54478,54479,497],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[372,54480,54482,54483,10231],{"href":54481},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[18,54484,12272],{},[42,54486,4433,54487],{"id":11932},[18,54488,10813],{},[14,54490,153,54491,5795],{},[18,54492,10813],{},[26,54494,54495,54498,54501],{},[29,54496,54497],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[29,54499,54500],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[29,54502,54503],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[14,54505,274],{},[47,54507,54509],{"className":49,"code":54508,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[18,54510,54511,54547,54551,54556,54567,54571],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54512,54513,54516,54518,54520,54522,54525,54527,54529,54531,54534,54536,54538,54540,54543,54545],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54514,54515],{"class":284},"shopping_cart ",[56,54517,288],{"class":75},[56,54519,3080],{"class":66},[56,54521,938],{"class":937},[56,54523,54524],{"class":941},"milk",[56,54526,938],{"class":937},[56,54528,1080],{"class":66},[56,54530,1448],{"class":937},[56,54532,54533],{"class":941},"bread",[56,54535,938],{"class":937},[56,54537,1080],{"class":66},[56,54539,1448],{"class":937},[56,54541,54542],{"class":941},"eggs",[56,54544,938],{"class":937},[56,54546,3093],{"class":66},[56,54548,54549],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,54550,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,54552,54553],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,54554,54555],{"class":3123},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[56,54557,54558,54561,54563,54565],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,54559,54560],{"class":284},"shopping_cart",[56,54562,497],{"class":66},[56,54564,10875],{"class":237},[56,54566,8129],{"class":66},[56,54568,54569],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,54570,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,54572,54573,54575,54577,54579,54581],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,54574,63],{"class":62},[56,54576,67],{"class":66},[56,54578,54560],{"class":237},[56,54580,3120],{"class":66},[56,54582,53927],{"class":3123},[14,54584,54585,54586,54590,54591,54597,54598,497],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[372,54587,54589],{"href":54588},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[372,54592,54594,10231],{"href":54593},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[18,54595,54596],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[372,54599,54601,10231],{"href":54600},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[18,54602,54603],{},"list.pop()",[42,54605,3988],{"id":3987},[615,54607,54609,54610,10583,54613],{"id":54608},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[18,54611,54612],{},"my_list.clear",[18,54614,54615],{},"my_list.clear()",[14,54617,54618],{},"This does not call the method.",[47,54620,54622],{"className":49,"code":54621,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[18,54623,54624,54644,54648,54657],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54625,54626,54628,54630,54632,54634,54636,54638,54640,54642],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54627,7261],{"class":284},[56,54629,288],{"class":75},[56,54631,3080],{"class":66},[56,54633,1077],{"class":79},[56,54635,1080],{"class":66},[56,54637,1083],{"class":79},[56,54639,1080],{"class":66},[56,54641,529],{"class":79},[56,54643,3093],{"class":66},[56,54645,54646],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,54647,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,54649,54650,54652,54654],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,54651,7292],{"class":284},[56,54653,497],{"class":66},[56,54655,54656],{"class":24254},"clear\n",[56,54658,54659,54661,54663,54665],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,54660,63],{"class":62},[56,54662,67],{"class":66},[56,54664,7292],{"class":237},[56,54666,241],{"class":66},[14,54668,130],{},[47,54670,54672],{"className":49,"code":54671,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,54673,54674],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54675,54676,54678,54680,54682,54684,54686,54688],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54677,3366],{"class":66},[56,54679,1077],{"class":79},[56,54681,1080],{"class":66},[56,54683,1083],{"class":79},[56,54685,1080],{"class":66},[56,54687,529],{"class":79},[56,54689,3093],{"class":66},[14,54691,54692],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[14,54694,10298],{},[47,54696,54698],{"className":49,"code":54697,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[18,54699,54700,54720,54724,54734],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54701,54702,54704,54706,54708,54710,54712,54714,54716,54718],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54703,7261],{"class":284},[56,54705,288],{"class":75},[56,54707,3080],{"class":66},[56,54709,1077],{"class":79},[56,54711,1080],{"class":66},[56,54713,1083],{"class":79},[56,54715,1080],{"class":66},[56,54717,529],{"class":79},[56,54719,3093],{"class":66},[56,54721,54722],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,54723,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,54725,54726,54728,54730,54732],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,54727,7292],{"class":284},[56,54729,497],{"class":66},[56,54731,10875],{"class":237},[56,54733,8129],{"class":66},[56,54735,54736,54738,54740,54742,54744],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,54737,63],{"class":62},[56,54739,67],{"class":66},[56,54741,7292],{"class":237},[56,54743,3120],{"class":66},[56,54745,53927],{"class":3123},[615,54747,7938,54749,54751],{"id":54748},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[18,54750,10813],{}," to return the emptied list",[14,54753,54754,473,54756,54758],{},[18,54755,10813],{},[18,54757,3241],{},", not the list.",[47,54760,54762],{"className":49,"code":54761,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[18,54763,54764,54784,54798,54802,54814],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54765,54766,54768,54770,54772,54774,54776,54778,54780,54782],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54767,7261],{"class":284},[56,54769,288],{"class":75},[56,54771,3080],{"class":66},[56,54773,1077],{"class":79},[56,54775,1080],{"class":66},[56,54777,1083],{"class":79},[56,54779,1080],{"class":66},[56,54781,529],{"class":79},[56,54783,3093],{"class":66},[56,54785,54786,54788,54790,54792,54794,54796],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,54787,299],{"class":284},[56,54789,288],{"class":75},[56,54791,5442],{"class":284},[56,54793,497],{"class":66},[56,54795,10875],{"class":237},[56,54797,8129],{"class":66},[56,54799,54800],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,54801,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,54803,54804,54806,54808,54810,54812],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,54805,63],{"class":62},[56,54807,67],{"class":66},[56,54809,338],{"class":237},[56,54811,3120],{"class":66},[56,54813,20378],{"class":3123},[56,54815,54816,54818,54820,54822,54824],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,54817,63],{"class":62},[56,54819,67],{"class":66},[56,54821,7292],{"class":237},[56,54823,3120],{"class":66},[56,54825,54175],{"class":3123},[615,54827,7902,54829,54831],{"id":54828},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[18,54830,10813],{}," on a value that is not a list",[14,54833,54834,54835,54837],{},"Some types have a ",[18,54836,10813],{}," method, but not all of them.",[14,54839,54840],{},"This will fail:",[47,54842,54844],{"className":49,"code":54843,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[18,54845,54846,54858],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54847,54848,54850,54852,54854,54856],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54849,34197],{"class":284},[56,54851,288],{"class":75},[56,54853,1448],{"class":937},[56,54855,3309],{"class":941},[56,54857,1454],{"class":937},[56,54859,54860,54862,54864,54866],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,54861,34218],{"class":284},[56,54863,497],{"class":66},[56,54865,10875],{"class":237},[56,54867,8129],{"class":66},[14,54869,54870,54871,33109],{},"A string does not have a ",[18,54872,10813],{},[14,54874,54875,54876,54878],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[18,54877,3241],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[14,54880,54881],{},"Useful checks:",[47,54883,54885],{"className":49,"code":54884,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[18,54886,54887,54897,54911,54925,54934,54944],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,54888,54889,54891,54893,54895],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,54890,63],{"class":62},[56,54892,67],{"class":66},[56,54894,7823],{"class":237},[56,54896,241],{"class":66},[56,54898,54899,54901,54903,54905,54907,54909],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,54900,63],{"class":62},[56,54902,67],{"class":66},[56,54904,1314],{"class":989},[56,54906,67],{"class":66},[56,54908,7823],{"class":237},[56,54910,83],{"class":66},[56,54912,54913,54915,54917,54919,54921,54923],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,54914,63],{"class":62},[56,54916,67],{"class":66},[56,54918,12144],{"class":62},[56,54920,67],{"class":66},[56,54922,7823],{"class":237},[56,54924,83],{"class":66},[56,54926,54927,54929,54931],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,54928,43066],{"class":284},[56,54930,288],{"class":75},[56,54932,54933],{"class":284}," my_list\n",[56,54935,54936,54938,54940,54942],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,54937,7823],{"class":284},[56,54939,497],{"class":66},[56,54941,10875],{"class":237},[56,54943,8129],{"class":66},[56,54945,54946,54948,54950,54952],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,54947,63],{"class":62},[56,54949,67],{"class":66},[56,54951,30250],{"class":237},[56,54953,241],{"class":66},[14,54955,54956],{},"These can help you see:",[26,54958,54959,54962,54965],{},[29,54960,54961],{},"What the variable currently contains",[29,54963,54964],{},"Whether it is really a list",[29,54966,54967],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[14,54969,54970,54971,497],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[372,54972,54973],{"href":53817},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[42,54975,1553],{"id":1552},[615,54977,12199,54979,54981],{"id":54978},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[18,54980,53870],{}," delete the list?",[14,54983,54984],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[615,54986,12199,54988,54990],{"id":54987},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[18,54989,53870],{}," return a new list?",[14,54992,54993,54994,54996],{},"No. It returns ",[18,54995,3241],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[615,54998,4653,55000,3862,55002,571],{"id":54999},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[18,55001,10813],{},[18,55003,54378],{},[14,55005,55006,55008,55009,55011],{},[18,55007,10813],{}," empties the same list object. ",[18,55010,54378],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[615,55013,27834,55015,55017],{"id":55014},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[18,55016,10813],{}," on other types?",[14,55019,55020,55021,55023],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[18,55022,10813],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[42,55025,1601],{"id":1600},[26,55027,55028,55032,55037,55044,55051,55057],{},[29,55029,55030],{},[372,55031,52292],{"href":54091},[29,55033,55034],{},[372,55035,55036],{"href":54588},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[29,55038,55039],{},[372,55040,55041,55042,10231],{"href":54600},"Python list ",[18,55043,12258],{},[29,55045,55046],{},[372,55047,55041,55048,10231],{"href":54593},[18,55049,55050],{},"remove()",[29,55052,55053],{},[372,55054,55041,55055,10231],{"href":54481},[18,55056,12272],{},[29,55058,55059],{},[372,55060,29854,55061,33142],{"href":53817},[18,55062,55063],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1633,55065,55066],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":55068},[55069,55070,55072,55073,55074,55075,55082,55083,55091,55101],{"id":3064,"depth":86,"text":3065},{"id":53935,"depth":86,"text":55071},"What list.clear() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":10967,"depth":86,"text":10968},{"id":16918,"depth":86,"text":16919},{"id":54249,"depth":86,"text":55076,"children":55077},"clear() vs assigning []",[55078,55080],{"id":54287,"depth":102,"text":55079},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54375,"depth":102,"text":55081},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":11932,"depth":86,"text":12304},{"id":3987,"depth":86,"text":3988,"children":55084},[55085,55087,55089],{"id":54608,"depth":102,"text":55086},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":54748,"depth":102,"text":55088},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":54828,"depth":102,"text":55090},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":55092},[55093,55095,55097,55099],{"id":54978,"depth":102,"text":55094},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":54987,"depth":102,"text":55096},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":54999,"depth":102,"text":55098},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55014,"depth":102,"text":55100},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":53857,"description":55102},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55109,"title":55110,"body":55111,"description":56796,"extension":1665,"meta":56797,"navigation":316,"path":56798,"seo":56799,"stem":56800,"__hash__":56801},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55112,"toc":56764},[55113,55118,55124,55132,55134,55223,55230,55235,55239,55253,55255,55332,55334,55395,55398,55400,55402,55423,55426,55440,55443,55488,55490,55498,55501,55507,55513,55516,55593,55595,55640,55643,55648,55731,55733,55774,55779,55783,55789,55791,55799,55802,55895,55897,55955,55958,55974,55979,55989,55994,55996,56001,56006,56009,56011,56068,56071,56124,56130,56135,56139,56156,56158,56242,56244,56285,56293,56295,56300,56306,56308,56371,56376,56446,56450,56485,56488,56490,56529,56533,56609,56615,56621,56626,56648,56651,56670,56678,56680,56686,56689,56696,56704,56709,56712,56716,56722,56730,56733,56735,56761],[10,55114,53863,55116,10814],{"id":55115},"python-list-copy-method",[18,55117,12272],{},[14,55119,55120,55123],{},[18,55121,55122],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[14,55125,55126,55127,13551,55129,55131],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[18,55128,288],{},[3205,55130,4101],{}," make a real copy.",[42,55133,45],{"id":44},[47,55135,55137],{"className":49,"code":55136,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,55138,55139,55159,55174,55178,55193,55197,55210],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55140,55141,55143,55145,55147,55149,55151,55153,55155,55157],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55142,3075],{"class":284},[56,55144,288],{"class":75},[56,55146,3080],{"class":66},[56,55148,1077],{"class":79},[56,55150,1080],{"class":66},[56,55152,1083],{"class":79},[56,55154,1080],{"class":66},[56,55156,529],{"class":79},[56,55158,3093],{"class":66},[56,55160,55161,55164,55166,55168,55170,55172],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,55162,55163],{"class":284},"new_numbers ",[56,55165,288],{"class":75},[56,55167,3731],{"class":284},[56,55169,497],{"class":66},[56,55171,12407],{"class":237},[56,55173,8129],{"class":66},[56,55175,55176],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,55177,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,55179,55180,55183,55185,55187,55189,55191],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,55181,55182],{"class":284},"new_numbers",[56,55184,497],{"class":66},[56,55186,13050],{"class":237},[56,55188,67],{"class":66},[56,55190,584],{"class":79},[56,55192,241],{"class":66},[56,55194,55195],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,55196,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,55198,55199,55201,55203,55205,55207],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,55200,63],{"class":62},[56,55202,67],{"class":66},[56,55204,3107],{"class":237},[56,55206,3120],{"class":66},[56,55208,55209],{"class":3123},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[56,55211,55212,55214,55216,55218,55220],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,55213,63],{"class":62},[56,55215,67],{"class":66},[56,55217,55182],{"class":237},[56,55219,3120],{"class":66},[56,55221,55222],{"class":3123},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,55224,153,55225,55227,55228,497],{},[18,55226,55122],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[3205,55229,12346],{},[42,55231,3138,55233,3141],{"id":55232},"what-listcopy-does",[18,55234,55122],{},[14,55236,55237,971],{},[18,55238,55122],{},[26,55240,55241,55244,55247,55250],{},[29,55242,55243],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[29,55245,55246],{},"Returns that new list",[29,55248,55249],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[29,55251,55252],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[14,55254,274],{},[47,55256,55258],{"className":49,"code":55257,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[18,55259,55260,55292,55307,55311,55321],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55261,55262,55264,55266,55268,55270,55272,55274,55276,55278,55280,55282,55284,55286,55288,55290],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55263,35751],{"class":284},[56,55265,288],{"class":75},[56,55267,3080],{"class":66},[56,55269,938],{"class":937},[56,55271,3546],{"class":941},[56,55273,938],{"class":937},[56,55275,1080],{"class":66},[56,55277,1448],{"class":937},[56,55279,3555],{"class":941},[56,55281,938],{"class":937},[56,55283,1080],{"class":66},[56,55285,1448],{"class":937},[56,55287,32729],{"class":941},[56,55289,938],{"class":937},[56,55291,3093],{"class":66},[56,55293,55294,55297,55299,55301,55303,55305],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,55295,55296],{"class":284},"copied_fruits ",[56,55298,288],{"class":75},[56,55300,52372],{"class":284},[56,55302,497],{"class":66},[56,55304,12407],{"class":237},[56,55306,8129],{"class":66},[56,55308,55309],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,55310,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,55312,55313,55315,55317,55319],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,55314,63],{"class":62},[56,55316,67],{"class":66},[56,55318,35803],{"class":237},[56,55320,241],{"class":66},[56,55322,55323,55325,55327,55330],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,55324,63],{"class":62},[56,55326,67],{"class":66},[56,55328,55329],{"class":237},"copied_fruits",[56,55331,241],{"class":66},[14,55333,130],{},[47,55335,55337],{"className":49,"code":55336,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[18,55338,55339,55367],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55340,55341,55343,55345,55347,55349,55351,55353,55355,55357,55359,55361,55363,55365],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55342,3366],{"class":66},[56,55344,1394],{"class":937},[56,55346,3546],{"class":941},[56,55348,1394],{"class":937},[56,55350,1080],{"class":66},[56,55352,1389],{"class":937},[56,55354,3555],{"class":941},[56,55356,1394],{"class":937},[56,55358,1080],{"class":66},[56,55360,1389],{"class":937},[56,55362,32729],{"class":941},[56,55364,1394],{"class":937},[56,55366,3093],{"class":66},[56,55368,55369,55371,55373,55375,55377,55379,55381,55383,55385,55387,55389,55391,55393],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,55370,3366],{"class":66},[56,55372,1394],{"class":937},[56,55374,3546],{"class":941},[56,55376,1394],{"class":937},[56,55378,1080],{"class":66},[56,55380,1389],{"class":937},[56,55382,3555],{"class":941},[56,55384,1394],{"class":937},[56,55386,1080],{"class":66},[56,55388,1389],{"class":937},[56,55390,32729],{"class":941},[56,55392,1394],{"class":937},[56,55394,3093],{"class":66},[14,55396,55397],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[42,55399,220],{"id":219},[14,55401,223],{},[47,55403,55405],{"className":49,"code":55404,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[18,55406,55407],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55408,55409,55412,55414,55417,55419,55421],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55410,55411],{"class":284},"new_list ",[56,55413,288],{"class":75},[56,55415,55416],{"class":284}," old_list",[56,55418,497],{"class":66},[56,55420,12407],{"class":237},[56,55422,8129],{"class":66},[14,55424,55425],{},"How it works:",[26,55427,55428,55434,55437],{},[29,55429,55430,55431,55433],{},"Call ",[18,55432,12272],{}," on an existing list",[29,55435,55436],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[29,55438,55439],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[14,55441,55442],{},"Example with an empty list:",[47,55444,55446],{"className":49,"code":55445,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[18,55447,55448,55457,55473,55477],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55449,55450,55453,55455],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55451,55452],{"class":284},"empty_list ",[56,55454,288],{"class":75},[56,55456,7321],{"class":66},[56,55458,55459,55462,55464,55467,55469,55471],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,55460,55461],{"class":284},"new_empty_list ",[56,55463,288],{"class":75},[56,55465,55466],{"class":284}," empty_list",[56,55468,497],{"class":66},[56,55470,12407],{"class":237},[56,55472,8129],{"class":66},[56,55474,55475],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,55476,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,55478,55479,55481,55483,55486],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,55480,63],{"class":62},[56,55482,67],{"class":66},[56,55484,55485],{"class":237},"new_empty_list",[56,55487,241],{"class":66},[14,55489,130],{},[47,55491,55492],{"className":49,"code":37811,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,55493,55494],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55495,55496],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55497,37811],{"class":66},[14,55499,55500],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[42,55502,55504,55505],{"id":55503},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[18,55506,288],{},[14,55508,7902,55509,13551,55511,52188],{},[18,55510,288],{},[3205,55512,4101],{},[14,55514,55515],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[47,55517,55519],{"className":49,"code":55518,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[18,55520,55521,55541,55550,55554,55569,55573,55583],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55522,55523,55525,55527,55529,55531,55533,55535,55537,55539],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55524,3075],{"class":284},[56,55526,288],{"class":75},[56,55528,3080],{"class":66},[56,55530,1077],{"class":79},[56,55532,1080],{"class":66},[56,55534,1083],{"class":79},[56,55536,1080],{"class":66},[56,55538,529],{"class":79},[56,55540,3093],{"class":66},[56,55542,55543,55546,55548],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,55544,55545],{"class":284},"same_list ",[56,55547,288],{"class":75},[56,55549,43499],{"class":284},[56,55551,55552],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,55553,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,55555,55556,55559,55561,55563,55565,55567],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,55557,55558],{"class":284},"same_list",[56,55560,497],{"class":66},[56,55562,13050],{"class":237},[56,55564,67],{"class":66},[56,55566,584],{"class":79},[56,55568,241],{"class":66},[56,55570,55571],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,55572,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,55574,55575,55577,55579,55581],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,55576,63],{"class":62},[56,55578,67],{"class":66},[56,55580,3107],{"class":237},[56,55582,241],{"class":66},[56,55584,55585,55587,55589,55591],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,55586,63],{"class":62},[56,55588,67],{"class":66},[56,55590,55558],{"class":237},[56,55592,241],{"class":66},[14,55594,130],{},[47,55596,55598],{"className":49,"code":55597,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,55599,55600,55620],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55601,55602,55604,55606,55608,55610,55612,55614,55616,55618],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55603,3366],{"class":66},[56,55605,1077],{"class":79},[56,55607,1080],{"class":66},[56,55609,1083],{"class":79},[56,55611,1080],{"class":66},[56,55613,529],{"class":79},[56,55615,1080],{"class":66},[56,55617,535],{"class":79},[56,55619,3093],{"class":66},[56,55621,55622,55624,55626,55628,55630,55632,55634,55636,55638],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,55623,3366],{"class":66},[56,55625,1077],{"class":79},[56,55627,1080],{"class":66},[56,55629,1083],{"class":79},[56,55631,1080],{"class":66},[56,55633,529],{"class":79},[56,55635,1080],{"class":66},[56,55637,535],{"class":79},[56,55639,3093],{"class":66},[14,55641,55642],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[14,55644,55645,55646,971],{},"Now compare that with ",[18,55647,12272],{},[47,55649,55651],{"className":49,"code":55650,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[18,55652,55653,55673,55688,55692,55707,55711,55721],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55654,55655,55657,55659,55661,55663,55665,55667,55669,55671],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55656,3075],{"class":284},[56,55658,288],{"class":75},[56,55660,3080],{"class":66},[56,55662,1077],{"class":79},[56,55664,1080],{"class":66},[56,55666,1083],{"class":79},[56,55668,1080],{"class":66},[56,55670,529],{"class":79},[56,55672,3093],{"class":66},[56,55674,55675,55678,55680,55682,55684,55686],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,55676,55677],{"class":284},"copied_numbers ",[56,55679,288],{"class":75},[56,55681,3731],{"class":284},[56,55683,497],{"class":66},[56,55685,12407],{"class":237},[56,55687,8129],{"class":66},[56,55689,55690],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,55691,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,55693,55694,55697,55699,55701,55703,55705],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,55695,55696],{"class":284},"copied_numbers",[56,55698,497],{"class":66},[56,55700,13050],{"class":237},[56,55702,67],{"class":66},[56,55704,584],{"class":79},[56,55706,241],{"class":66},[56,55708,55709],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,55710,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,55712,55713,55715,55717,55719],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,55714,63],{"class":62},[56,55716,67],{"class":66},[56,55718,3107],{"class":237},[56,55720,241],{"class":66},[56,55722,55723,55725,55727,55729],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,55724,63],{"class":62},[56,55726,67],{"class":66},[56,55728,55696],{"class":237},[56,55730,241],{"class":66},[14,55732,130],{},[47,55734,55736],{"className":49,"code":55735,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,55737,55738,55754],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55739,55740,55742,55744,55746,55748,55750,55752],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55741,3366],{"class":66},[56,55743,1077],{"class":79},[56,55745,1080],{"class":66},[56,55747,1083],{"class":79},[56,55749,1080],{"class":66},[56,55751,529],{"class":79},[56,55753,3093],{"class":66},[56,55755,55756,55758,55760,55762,55764,55766,55768,55770,55772],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,55757,3366],{"class":66},[56,55759,1077],{"class":79},[56,55761,1080],{"class":66},[56,55763,1083],{"class":79},[56,55765,1080],{"class":66},[56,55767,529],{"class":79},[56,55769,1080],{"class":66},[56,55771,535],{"class":79},[56,55773,3093],{"class":66},[14,55775,55776,55777,497],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[372,55778,52292],{"href":50499},[42,55780,55782],{"id":55781},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[14,55784,55785,12343,55787,497],{},[18,55786,55122],{},[3205,55788,12346],{},[14,55790,168],{},[26,55792,55793,55796],{},[29,55794,55795],{},"The outer list is new",[29,55797,55798],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[14,55800,55801],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[47,55803,55805],{"className":49,"code":55804,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[18,55806,55807,55834,55848,55852,55871,55875,55885],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55808,55809,55811,55813,55816,55818,55820,55822,55824,55826,55828,55830,55832],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55810,11580],{"class":284},[56,55812,288],{"class":75},[56,55814,55815],{"class":66}," [[",[56,55817,1077],{"class":79},[56,55819,1080],{"class":66},[56,55821,1083],{"class":79},[56,55823,17563],{"class":66},[56,55825,3080],{"class":66},[56,55827,121],{"class":79},[56,55829,1080],{"class":66},[56,55831,535],{"class":79},[56,55833,52763],{"class":66},[56,55835,55836,55838,55840,55842,55844,55846],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,55837,13809],{"class":284},[56,55839,288],{"class":75},[56,55841,11655],{"class":284},[56,55843,497],{"class":66},[56,55845,12407],{"class":237},[56,55847,8129],{"class":66},[56,55849,55850],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,55851,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,55853,55854,55856,55858,55860,55862,55864,55866,55869],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,55855,13828],{"class":284},[56,55857,3366],{"class":66},[56,55859,181],{"class":79},[56,55861,13047],{"class":66},[56,55863,13050],{"class":237},[56,55865,67],{"class":66},[56,55867,55868],{"class":79},"99",[56,55870,241],{"class":66},[56,55872,55873],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,55874,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,55876,55877,55879,55881,55883],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,55878,63],{"class":62},[56,55880,67],{"class":66},[56,55882,11627],{"class":237},[56,55884,241],{"class":66},[56,55886,55887,55889,55891,55893],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,55888,63],{"class":62},[56,55890,67],{"class":66},[56,55892,13828],{"class":237},[56,55894,241],{"class":66},[14,55896,130],{},[47,55898,55900],{"className":49,"code":55899,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,55901,55902,55929],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,55903,55904,55907,55909,55911,55913,55915,55917,55919,55921,55923,55925,55927],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,55905,55906],{"class":66},"[[",[56,55908,1077],{"class":79},[56,55910,1080],{"class":66},[56,55912,1083],{"class":79},[56,55914,1080],{"class":66},[56,55916,9686],{"class":79},[56,55918,17563],{"class":66},[56,55920,3080],{"class":66},[56,55922,121],{"class":79},[56,55924,1080],{"class":66},[56,55926,535],{"class":79},[56,55928,52763],{"class":66},[56,55930,55931,55933,55935,55937,55939,55941,55943,55945,55947,55949,55951,55953],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,55932,55906],{"class":66},[56,55934,1077],{"class":79},[56,55936,1080],{"class":66},[56,55938,1083],{"class":79},[56,55940,1080],{"class":66},[56,55942,9686],{"class":79},[56,55944,17563],{"class":66},[56,55946,3080],{"class":66},[56,55948,121],{"class":79},[56,55950,1080],{"class":66},[56,55952,535],{"class":79},[56,55954,52763],{"class":66},[14,55956,55957],{},"Why did both change?",[26,55959,55960,55967],{},[29,55961,55962,3862,55964,55966],{},[18,55963,11627],{},[18,55965,13828],{}," are different outer lists",[29,55968,55969,55970,55973],{},"But the inner list ",[18,55971,55972],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[14,55975,53174,55976,55978],{},[18,55977,12272],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[26,55980,55981,55984,55987],{},[29,55982,55983],{},"Numbers",[29,55985,55986],{},"Strings",[29,55988,40110],{},[14,55990,55991,55992,497],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[372,55993,13288],{"href":13287},[42,55995,16919],{"id":16918},[14,55997,55998,56000],{},[18,55999,55122],{}," returns a new list.",[14,56002,40421,56003,56005],{},[3205,56004,4101],{}," change the original list by itself.",[14,56007,56008],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[14,56010,16155],{},[47,56012,56014],{"className":49,"code":56013,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,56015,56016,56040,56054,56058],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56017,56018,56020,56022,56024,56026,56028,56030,56032,56034,56036,56038],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56019,12572],{"class":284},[56,56021,288],{"class":75},[56,56023,3080],{"class":66},[56,56025,938],{"class":937},[56,56027,12589],{"class":941},[56,56029,938],{"class":937},[56,56031,1080],{"class":66},[56,56033,1448],{"class":937},[56,56035,12606],{"class":941},[56,56037,938],{"class":937},[56,56039,3093],{"class":66},[56,56041,56042,56044,56046,56048,56050,56052],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,56043,12615],{"class":284},[56,56045,288],{"class":75},[56,56047,12620],{"class":284},[56,56049,497],{"class":66},[56,56051,12407],{"class":237},[56,56053,8129],{"class":66},[56,56055,56056],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,56057,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,56059,56060,56062,56064,56066],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,56061,63],{"class":62},[56,56063,67],{"class":66},[56,56065,12639],{"class":237},[56,56067,241],{"class":66},[14,56069,56070],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[47,56072,56074],{"className":49,"code":56073,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,56075,56076,56100,56110,56114],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56077,56078,56080,56082,56084,56086,56088,56090,56092,56094,56096,56098],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56079,12572],{"class":284},[56,56081,288],{"class":75},[56,56083,3080],{"class":66},[56,56085,938],{"class":937},[56,56087,12589],{"class":941},[56,56089,938],{"class":937},[56,56091,1080],{"class":66},[56,56093,1448],{"class":937},[56,56095,12606],{"class":941},[56,56097,938],{"class":937},[56,56099,3093],{"class":66},[56,56101,56102,56104,56106,56108],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,56103,17003],{"class":284},[56,56105,497],{"class":66},[56,56107,12407],{"class":237},[56,56109,8129],{"class":66},[56,56111,56112],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,56113,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,56115,56116,56118,56120,56122],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,56117,63],{"class":62},[56,56119,67],{"class":66},[56,56121,17003],{"class":237},[56,56123,241],{"class":66},[14,56125,56126,56127,56129],{},"In the second example, ",[18,56128,12272],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[42,56131,4433,56133],{"id":56132},"when-to-use-listcopy",[18,56134,55122],{},[14,56136,153,56137,10091],{},[18,56138,55122],{},[26,56140,56141,56144,56147,56150],{},[29,56142,56143],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[29,56145,56146],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[29,56148,56149],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[29,56151,56152,56153],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[18,56154,56155],{},"[:]",[14,56157,274],{},[47,56159,56161],{"className":49,"code":56160,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[18,56162,56163,56183,56198,56202,56217,56221,56231],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56164,56165,56167,56169,56171,56173,56175,56177,56179,56181],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56166,4536],{"class":284},[56,56168,288],{"class":75},[56,56170,3080],{"class":66},[56,56172,406],{"class":79},[56,56174,1080],{"class":66},[56,56176,7272],{"class":79},[56,56178,1080],{"class":66},[56,56180,7277],{"class":79},[56,56182,3093],{"class":66},[56,56184,56185,56188,56190,56192,56194,56196],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,56186,56187],{"class":284},"backup_scores ",[56,56189,288],{"class":75},[56,56191,4583],{"class":284},[56,56193,497],{"class":66},[56,56195,12407],{"class":237},[56,56197,8129],{"class":66},[56,56199,56200],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,56201,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,56203,56204,56206,56208,56210,56212,56215],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,56205,15888],{"class":284},[56,56207,497],{"class":66},[56,56209,13050],{"class":237},[56,56211,67],{"class":66},[56,56213,56214],{"class":79},"40",[56,56216,241],{"class":66},[56,56218,56219],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,56220,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,56222,56223,56225,56227,56229],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,56224,63],{"class":62},[56,56226,67],{"class":66},[56,56228,15888],{"class":237},[56,56230,241],{"class":66},[56,56232,56233,56235,56237,56240],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,56234,63],{"class":62},[56,56236,67],{"class":66},[56,56238,56239],{"class":237},"backup_scores",[56,56241,241],{"class":66},[14,56243,130],{},[47,56245,56247],{"className":49,"code":56246,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,56248,56249,56269],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56250,56251,56253,56255,56257,56259,56261,56263,56265,56267],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56252,3366],{"class":66},[56,56254,406],{"class":79},[56,56256,1080],{"class":66},[56,56258,7272],{"class":79},[56,56260,1080],{"class":66},[56,56262,7277],{"class":79},[56,56264,1080],{"class":66},[56,56266,50363],{"class":79},[56,56268,3093],{"class":66},[56,56270,56271,56273,56275,56277,56279,56281,56283],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,56272,3366],{"class":66},[56,56274,406],{"class":79},[56,56276,1080],{"class":66},[56,56278,7272],{"class":79},[56,56280,1080],{"class":66},[56,56282,7277],{"class":79},[56,56284,3093],{"class":66},[14,56286,56287,56288,497],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[372,56289,55041,56291,10231],{"href":56290},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[18,56292,52173],{},[42,56294,3988],{"id":3987},[14,56296,56297,56298,497],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[18,56299,55122],{},[615,56301,7902,56303,56305],{"id":56302},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[18,56304,288],{}," and expecting a real copy",[14,56307,38713],{},[47,56309,56311],{"className":49,"code":56310,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,56312,56313,56333,56341,56355,56359],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56314,56315,56317,56319,56321,56323,56325,56327,56329,56331],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56316,635],{"class":284},[56,56318,288],{"class":75},[56,56320,3080],{"class":66},[56,56322,1077],{"class":79},[56,56324,1080],{"class":66},[56,56326,1083],{"class":79},[56,56328,1080],{"class":66},[56,56330,529],{"class":79},[56,56332,3093],{"class":66},[56,56334,56335,56337,56339],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,56336,663],{"class":284},[56,56338,288],{"class":75},[56,56340,35687],{"class":284},[56,56342,56343,56345,56347,56349,56351,56353],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,56344,4232],{"class":284},[56,56346,497],{"class":66},[56,56348,13050],{"class":237},[56,56350,67],{"class":66},[56,56352,584],{"class":79},[56,56354,241],{"class":66},[56,56356,56357],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,56358,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,56360,56361,56363,56365,56367,56369],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,56362,63],{"class":62},[56,56364,67],{"class":66},[56,56366,372],{"class":237},[56,56368,3120],{"class":66},[56,56370,55222],{"class":3123},[14,56372,56373,56374,6110],{},"Fix: use ",[18,56375,12272],{},[47,56377,56379],{"className":49,"code":56378,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,56380,56381,56401,56416,56430,56434],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56382,56383,56385,56387,56389,56391,56393,56395,56397,56399],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56384,635],{"class":284},[56,56386,288],{"class":75},[56,56388,3080],{"class":66},[56,56390,1077],{"class":79},[56,56392,1080],{"class":66},[56,56394,1083],{"class":79},[56,56396,1080],{"class":66},[56,56398,529],{"class":79},[56,56400,3093],{"class":66},[56,56402,56403,56405,56407,56410,56412,56414],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,56404,663],{"class":284},[56,56406,288],{"class":75},[56,56408,56409],{"class":284}," a",[56,56411,497],{"class":66},[56,56413,12407],{"class":237},[56,56415,8129],{"class":66},[56,56417,56418,56420,56422,56424,56426,56428],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,56419,4232],{"class":284},[56,56421,497],{"class":66},[56,56423,13050],{"class":237},[56,56425,67],{"class":66},[56,56427,584],{"class":79},[56,56429,241],{"class":66},[56,56431,56432],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,56433,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,56435,56436,56438,56440,56442,56444],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,56437,63],{"class":62},[56,56439,67],{"class":66},[56,56441,372],{"class":237},[56,56443,3120],{"class":66},[56,56445,54453],{"class":3123},[615,56447,56449],{"id":56448},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[47,56451,56453],{"className":49,"code":56452,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[18,56454,56455,56475],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56456,56457,56459,56461,56463,56465,56467,56469,56471,56473],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56458,3075],{"class":284},[56,56460,288],{"class":75},[56,56462,3080],{"class":66},[56,56464,1077],{"class":79},[56,56466,1080],{"class":66},[56,56468,1083],{"class":79},[56,56470,1080],{"class":66},[56,56472,529],{"class":79},[56,56474,3093],{"class":66},[56,56476,56477,56479,56481,56483],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,56478,3107],{"class":284},[56,56480,497],{"class":66},[56,56482,12407],{"class":237},[56,56484,8129],{"class":66},[14,56486,56487],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[14,56489,38776],{},[47,56491,56493],{"className":49,"code":56492,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[18,56494,56495,56515],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56496,56497,56499,56501,56503,56505,56507,56509,56511,56513],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56498,3075],{"class":284},[56,56500,288],{"class":75},[56,56502,3080],{"class":66},[56,56504,1077],{"class":79},[56,56506,1080],{"class":66},[56,56508,1083],{"class":79},[56,56510,1080],{"class":66},[56,56512,529],{"class":79},[56,56514,3093],{"class":66},[56,56516,56517,56519,56521,56523,56525,56527],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,56518,55677],{"class":284},[56,56520,288],{"class":75},[56,56522,3731],{"class":284},[56,56524,497],{"class":66},[56,56526,12407],{"class":237},[56,56528,8129],{"class":66},[615,56530,56532],{"id":56531},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[47,56534,56536],{"className":49,"code":56535,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[18,56537,56538,56556,56570,56574,56592,56596],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56539,56540,56542,56544,56546,56548,56550,56552,56554],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56541,635],{"class":284},[56,56543,288],{"class":75},[56,56545,55815],{"class":66},[56,56547,1077],{"class":79},[56,56549,17563],{"class":66},[56,56551,3080],{"class":66},[56,56553,115],{"class":79},[56,56555,52763],{"class":66},[56,56557,56558,56560,56562,56564,56566,56568],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,56559,663],{"class":284},[56,56561,288],{"class":75},[56,56563,56409],{"class":284},[56,56565,497],{"class":66},[56,56567,12407],{"class":237},[56,56569,8129],{"class":66},[56,56571,56572],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,56573,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,56575,56576,56578,56580,56582,56584,56586,56588,56590],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,56577,4232],{"class":284},[56,56579,3366],{"class":66},[56,56581,181],{"class":79},[56,56583,13047],{"class":66},[56,56585,13050],{"class":237},[56,56587,67],{"class":66},[56,56589,55868],{"class":79},[56,56591,241],{"class":66},[56,56593,56594],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,56595,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,56597,56598,56600,56602,56604,56606],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,56599,63],{"class":62},[56,56601,67],{"class":66},[56,56603,372],{"class":237},[56,56605,3120],{"class":66},[56,56607,56608],{"class":3123},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[14,56610,56611,56612,56614],{},"Fix: remember that ",[18,56613,55122],{}," is shallow.",[615,56616,25121,56618,56620],{"id":56617},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[18,56619,12272],{}," on the wrong data type",[14,56622,56623,56625],{},[18,56624,12272],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[47,56627,56629],{"className":49,"code":56628,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[18,56630,56631,56643],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56632,56633,56635,56637,56639,56641],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56634,7359],{"class":284},[56,56636,288],{"class":75},[56,56638,1448],{"class":937},[56,56640,4476],{"class":941},[56,56642,1454],{"class":937},[56,56644,56645],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,56646,56647],{"class":3123},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[14,56649,56650],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[47,56652,56654],{"className":49,"code":56653,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(name))\n",[18,56655,56656],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56657,56658,56660,56662,56664,56666,56668],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56659,63],{"class":62},[56,56661,67],{"class":66},[56,56663,1314],{"class":989},[56,56665,67],{"class":66},[56,56667,7149],{"class":237},[56,56669,83],{"class":66},[14,56671,56672,56673,56677],{},"You can also review ",[372,56674,56676],{"href":56675},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[42,56679,1553],{"id":1552},[615,56681,12199,56683,56685],{"id":56682},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[18,56684,55122],{}," change the original list?",[14,56687,56688],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[615,56690,4653,56692,3862,56694,571],{"id":56691},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[18,56693,55122],{},[18,56695,288],{},[14,56697,56698,56700,56701,56703],{},[18,56699,12272],{}," creates a new list. ",[18,56702,288],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[615,56705,14401,56707,14404],{"id":56706},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[18,56708,55122],{},[14,56710,56711],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[615,56713,56715],{"id":56714},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[14,56717,41668,56718,56721],{},[18,56719,56720],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[615,56723,14401,56725,56727,56728,571],{"id":56724},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[18,56726,55122],{}," the same as ",[18,56729,56155],{},[14,56731,56732],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[42,56734,1601],{"id":1600},[26,56736,56737,56742,56746,56751,56757],{},[29,56738,56739],{},[372,56740,14463],{"href":56741},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[29,56743,56744],{},[372,56745,52292],{"href":50499},[29,56747,56748],{},[372,56749,56750],{"href":56675},"Creating a list in Python",[29,56752,56753],{},[372,56754,55041,56755,10231],{"href":56290},[18,56756,52173],{},[29,56758,56759],{},[372,56760,13288],{"href":13287},[1633,56762,56763],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":56765},[56766,56767,56769,56770,56772,56773,56774,56776,56784,56795],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":55232,"depth":86,"text":56768},"What list.copy() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":55503,"depth":86,"text":56771},"Why not use =",{"id":55781,"depth":86,"text":55782},{"id":16918,"depth":86,"text":16919},{"id":56132,"depth":86,"text":56775},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":3987,"depth":86,"text":3988,"children":56777},[56778,56780,56781,56782],{"id":56302,"depth":102,"text":56779},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56448,"depth":102,"text":56449},{"id":56531,"depth":102,"text":56532},{"id":56617,"depth":102,"text":56783},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":56785},[56786,56788,56790,56792,56793],{"id":56682,"depth":102,"text":56787},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56691,"depth":102,"text":56789},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56706,"depth":102,"text":56791},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56714,"depth":102,"text":56715},{"id":56724,"depth":102,"text":56794},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55110,"description":56796},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":56803,"title":56804,"body":56805,"description":58547,"extension":1665,"meta":58548,"navigation":316,"path":58549,"seo":58550,"stem":58551,"__hash__":58552},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":56806,"toc":58506},[56807,56813,56819,56822,56833,56836,56838,56901,56907,56912,56916,56930,56933,56938,56943,56945,56947,56966,56978,56980,57047,57049,57057,57062,57064,57072,57075,57092,57094,57218,57229,57233,57238,57241,57243,57261,57265,57351,57360,57368,57437,57439,57442,57454,57459,57463,57534,57537,57541,57545,57610,57612,57620,57624,57707,57709,57717,57721,57782,57784,57792,57796,57883,57885,57893,57898,57903,57906,57917,57919,58004,58009,58018,58020,58024,58028,58033,58095,58099,58107,58113,58122,58127,58176,58179,58200,58204,58266,58273,58278,58281,58368,58371,58382,58385,58405,58407,58413,58416,58420,58424,58430,58433,58439,58446,58454,58465,58467,58503],[10,56808,53863,56810,10814],{"id":56809},"python-list-count-method",[18,56811,56812],{},"count()",[14,56814,56815,56818],{},[18,56816,56817],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[14,56820,56821],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[26,56823,56824,56827,56830],{},[29,56825,56826],{},"count one specific item",[29,56828,56829],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[29,56831,56832],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[14,56834,56835],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[42,56837,3065],{"id":3064},[47,56839,56841],{"className":49,"code":56840,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[18,56842,56843,56871,56889],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56844,56845,56847,56849,56851,56853,56855,56857,56859,56861,56863,56865,56867,56869],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56846,3075],{"class":284},[56,56848,288],{"class":75},[56,56850,3080],{"class":66},[56,56852,1077],{"class":79},[56,56854,1080],{"class":66},[56,56856,1083],{"class":79},[56,56858,1080],{"class":66},[56,56860,1083],{"class":79},[56,56862,1080],{"class":66},[56,56864,529],{"class":79},[56,56866,1080],{"class":66},[56,56868,1083],{"class":79},[56,56870,3093],{"class":66},[56,56872,56873,56875,56877,56879,56881,56883,56885,56887],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,56874,299],{"class":284},[56,56876,288],{"class":75},[56,56878,3731],{"class":284},[56,56880,497],{"class":66},[56,56882,40775],{"class":237},[56,56884,67],{"class":66},[56,56886,115],{"class":79},[56,56888,241],{"class":66},[56,56890,56891,56893,56895,56897,56899],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,56892,63],{"class":62},[56,56894,67],{"class":66},[56,56896,338],{"class":237},[56,56898,3120],{"class":66},[56,56900,50290],{"class":3123},[14,56902,153,56903,56906],{},[18,56904,56905],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[42,56908,3138,56910,3141],{"id":56909},"what-listcount-does",[18,56911,56817],{},[14,56913,56914,971],{},[18,56915,56817],{},[26,56917,56918,56921,56924,56927],{},[29,56919,56920],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[29,56922,56923],{},"returns an integer",[29,56925,56926],{},"does not change the original list",[29,56928,56929],{},"checks for exact matches",[14,56931,56932],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[14,56934,56935,56936,497],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[18,56937,121],{},[14,56939,56940,56941,497],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[18,56942,181],{},[42,56944,220],{"id":219},[14,56946,223],{},[47,56948,56950],{"className":49,"code":56949,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.count(value)\n",[18,56951,56952],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56953,56954,56956,56958,56960,56962,56964],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56955,7823],{"class":284},[56,56957,497],{"class":66},[56,56959,40775],{"class":237},[56,56961,67],{"class":66},[56,56963,551],{"class":237},[56,56965,241],{"class":66},[26,56967,56968,56973],{},[29,56969,56970,56972],{},[18,56971,7823],{}," is the list you want to search",[29,56974,56975,56977],{},[18,56976,551],{}," is the item you want to count",[14,56979,274],{},[47,56981,56983],{"className":49,"code":56982,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,56984,56985,57025],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,56986,56987,56989,56991,56993,56995,56997,56999,57001,57003,57005,57007,57009,57011,57013,57015,57017,57019,57021,57023],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,56988,35602],{"class":284},[56,56990,288],{"class":75},[56,56992,3080],{"class":66},[56,56994,938],{"class":937},[56,56996,372],{"class":941},[56,56998,938],{"class":937},[56,57000,1080],{"class":66},[56,57002,1448],{"class":937},[56,57004,4232],{"class":941},[56,57006,938],{"class":937},[56,57008,1080],{"class":66},[56,57010,1448],{"class":937},[56,57012,372],{"class":941},[56,57014,938],{"class":937},[56,57016,1080],{"class":66},[56,57018,1448],{"class":937},[56,57020,9228],{"class":941},[56,57022,938],{"class":937},[56,57024,3093],{"class":66},[56,57026,57027,57029,57031,57033,57035,57037,57039,57041,57043,57045],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,57028,63],{"class":62},[56,57030,67],{"class":66},[56,57032,35655],{"class":237},[56,57034,497],{"class":66},[56,57036,40775],{"class":237},[56,57038,67],{"class":66},[56,57040,938],{"class":937},[56,57042,372],{"class":941},[56,57044,938],{"class":937},[56,57046,83],{"class":66},[14,57048,130],{},[47,57050,57051],{"className":49,"code":16556,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,57052,57053],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57054,57055],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57056,16556],{"class":79},[14,57058,57059,57060,497],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[18,57061,181],{},[42,57063,37534],{"id":37533},[14,57065,57066,57067,57069,57070,497],{},"The return value from ",[18,57068,56812],{}," is always an ",[18,57071,254],{},[14,57073,57074],{},"Possible results:",[26,57076,57077,57082,57087],{},[29,57078,57079,57081],{},[18,57080,181],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[29,57083,57084,57086],{},[18,57085,1077],{}," if it appears once",[29,57088,57089,57091],{},[18,57090,115],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[14,57093,274],{},[47,57095,57097],{"className":49,"code":57096,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[18,57098,57099,57139,57143,57168,57193],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57100,57101,57103,57105,57107,57109,57111,57113,57115,57117,57119,57121,57123,57125,57127,57129,57131,57133,57135,57137],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57102,12572],{"class":284},[56,57104,288],{"class":75},[56,57106,3080],{"class":66},[56,57108,938],{"class":937},[56,57110,12589],{"class":941},[56,57112,938],{"class":937},[56,57114,1080],{"class":66},[56,57116,1448],{"class":937},[56,57118,12606],{"class":941},[56,57120,938],{"class":937},[56,57122,1080],{"class":66},[56,57124,1448],{"class":937},[56,57126,16956],{"class":941},[56,57128,938],{"class":937},[56,57130,1080],{"class":66},[56,57132,1448],{"class":937},[56,57134,12606],{"class":941},[56,57136,938],{"class":937},[56,57138,3093],{"class":66},[56,57140,57141],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,57142,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,57144,57145,57147,57149,57151,57153,57155,57157,57159,57161,57163,57165],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,57146,63],{"class":62},[56,57148,67],{"class":66},[56,57150,17003],{"class":237},[56,57152,497],{"class":66},[56,57154,40775],{"class":237},[56,57156,67],{"class":66},[56,57158,938],{"class":937},[56,57160,12606],{"class":941},[56,57162,938],{"class":937},[56,57164,4836],{"class":66},[56,57166,57167],{"class":3123},"   # 2\n",[56,57169,57170,57172,57174,57176,57178,57180,57182,57184,57186,57188,57190],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,57171,63],{"class":62},[56,57173,67],{"class":66},[56,57175,17003],{"class":237},[56,57177,497],{"class":66},[56,57179,40775],{"class":237},[56,57181,67],{"class":66},[56,57183,938],{"class":937},[56,57185,12589],{"class":941},[56,57187,938],{"class":937},[56,57189,4836],{"class":66},[56,57191,57192],{"class":3123},"    # 1\n",[56,57194,57195,57197,57199,57201,57203,57205,57207,57209,57211,57213,57215],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,57196,63],{"class":62},[56,57198,67],{"class":66},[56,57200,17003],{"class":237},[56,57202,497],{"class":66},[56,57204,40775],{"class":237},[56,57206,67],{"class":66},[56,57208,938],{"class":937},[56,57210,22027],{"class":941},[56,57212,938],{"class":937},[56,57214,4836],{"class":66},[56,57216,57217],{"class":3123}," # 0\n",[14,57219,57220,57221,57223,57224,57226,57227,497],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[18,57222,56812],{}," works, but using ",[18,57225,3348],{}," is often simpler. See ",[372,57228,5675],{"href":5674},[42,57230,57232],{"id":57231},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[14,57234,57235,57237],{},[18,57236,56817],{}," uses equality matching.",[14,57239,57240],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[14,57242,43167],{},[26,57244,57245,57248,57251,57258],{},[29,57246,57247],{},"matches are based on equality",[29,57249,57250],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[29,57252,57253,3862,57255,57257],{},[18,57254,1077],{},[18,57256,3060],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[29,57259,57260],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[615,57262,57264],{"id":57263},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[47,57266,57268],{"className":49,"code":57267,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[18,57269,57270,57303,57327],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57271,57272,57274,57276,57278,57280,57282,57284,57286,57288,57291,57293,57295,57297,57299,57301],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57273,3537],{"class":284},[56,57275,288],{"class":75},[56,57277,3080],{"class":66},[56,57279,938],{"class":937},[56,57281,3546],{"class":941},[56,57283,938],{"class":937},[56,57285,1080],{"class":66},[56,57287,1448],{"class":937},[56,57289,57290],{"class":941},"Apple",[56,57292,938],{"class":937},[56,57294,1080],{"class":66},[56,57296,1448],{"class":937},[56,57298,3546],{"class":941},[56,57300,938],{"class":937},[56,57302,3093],{"class":66},[56,57304,57305,57307,57309,57311,57313,57315,57317,57319,57321,57323,57325],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,57306,63],{"class":62},[56,57308,67],{"class":66},[56,57310,3581],{"class":237},[56,57312,497],{"class":66},[56,57314,40775],{"class":237},[56,57316,67],{"class":66},[56,57318,938],{"class":937},[56,57320,3546],{"class":941},[56,57322,938],{"class":937},[56,57324,4836],{"class":66},[56,57326,50935],{"class":3123},[56,57328,57329,57331,57333,57335,57337,57339,57341,57343,57345,57347,57349],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,57330,63],{"class":62},[56,57332,67],{"class":66},[56,57334,3581],{"class":237},[56,57336,497],{"class":66},[56,57338,40775],{"class":237},[56,57340,67],{"class":66},[56,57342,938],{"class":937},[56,57344,57290],{"class":941},[56,57346,938],{"class":937},[56,57348,4836],{"class":66},[56,57350,27285],{"class":3123},[14,57352,57353,3862,57356,57359],{},[18,57354,57355],{},"\"apple\"",[18,57357,57358],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[615,57361,57363,3862,57365,57367],{"id":57362},"_1-and-true-can-match",[18,57364,1077],{},[18,57366,3060],{}," can match",[47,57369,57371],{"className":49,"code":57370,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[18,57372,57373,57397,57417],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57374,57375,57377,57379,57381,57383,57385,57387,57389,57391,57393,57395],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57376,3286],{"class":284},[56,57378,288],{"class":75},[56,57380,3080],{"class":66},[56,57382,1077],{"class":79},[56,57384,1080],{"class":66},[56,57386,3382],{"class":3316},[56,57388,1080],{"class":66},[56,57390,1083],{"class":79},[56,57392,1080],{"class":66},[56,57394,4973],{"class":79},[56,57396,3093],{"class":66},[56,57398,57399,57401,57403,57405,57407,57409,57411,57413,57415],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,57400,63],{"class":62},[56,57402,67],{"class":66},[56,57404,4833],{"class":237},[56,57406,497],{"class":66},[56,57408,40775],{"class":237},[56,57410,67],{"class":66},[56,57412,1077],{"class":79},[56,57414,4836],{"class":66},[56,57416,50438],{"class":3123},[56,57418,57419,57421,57423,57425,57427,57429,57431,57433,57435],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,57420,63],{"class":62},[56,57422,67],{"class":66},[56,57424,4833],{"class":237},[56,57426,497],{"class":66},[56,57428,40775],{"class":237},[56,57430,67],{"class":66},[56,57432,3060],{"class":3316},[56,57434,4836],{"class":66},[56,57436,50290],{"class":3123},[14,57438,3879],{},[14,57440,57441],{},"In Python:",[26,57443,57444,57449],{},[29,57445,57446],{},[18,57447,57448],{},"True == 1",[29,57450,57451],{},[18,57452,57453],{},"False == 0",[14,57455,53174,57456,57458],{},[18,57457,56812],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[615,57460,57462],{"id":57461},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[47,57464,57466],{"className":49,"code":57465,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[18,57467,57468,57510],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57469,57470,57472,57474,57476,57478,57480,57482,57484,57486,57488,57490,57492,57494,57496,57498,57500,57502,57504,57506,57508],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57471,7261],{"class":284},[56,57473,288],{"class":75},[56,57475,55815],{"class":66},[56,57477,1077],{"class":79},[56,57479,1080],{"class":66},[56,57481,1083],{"class":79},[56,57483,17563],{"class":66},[56,57485,3080],{"class":66},[56,57487,121],{"class":79},[56,57489,1080],{"class":66},[56,57491,535],{"class":79},[56,57493,17563],{"class":66},[56,57495,3080],{"class":66},[56,57497,1077],{"class":79},[56,57499,1080],{"class":66},[56,57501,1083],{"class":79},[56,57503,17563],{"class":66},[56,57505,3080],{"class":66},[56,57507,1077],{"class":79},[56,57509,52763],{"class":66},[56,57511,57512,57514,57516,57518,57520,57522,57524,57526,57528,57530,57532],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,57513,63],{"class":62},[56,57515,67],{"class":66},[56,57517,7292],{"class":237},[56,57519,497],{"class":66},[56,57521,40775],{"class":237},[56,57523,1074],{"class":66},[56,57525,1077],{"class":79},[56,57527,1080],{"class":66},[56,57529,1083],{"class":79},[56,57531,4206],{"class":66},[56,57533,50935],{"class":3123},[14,57535,57536],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[42,57538,57540],{"id":57539},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[615,57542,57544],{"id":57543},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[47,57546,57548],{"className":49,"code":57547,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,57549,57550,57578,57596,57600],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57551,57552,57554,57556,57558,57560,57562,57564,57566,57568,57570,57572,57574,57576],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57553,3075],{"class":284},[56,57555,288],{"class":75},[56,57557,3080],{"class":66},[56,57559,406],{"class":79},[56,57561,1080],{"class":66},[56,57563,7272],{"class":79},[56,57565,1080],{"class":66},[56,57567,5481],{"class":79},[56,57569,1080],{"class":66},[56,57571,7277],{"class":79},[56,57573,1080],{"class":66},[56,57575,5481],{"class":79},[56,57577,3093],{"class":66},[56,57579,57580,57582,57584,57586,57588,57590,57592,57594],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,57581,299],{"class":284},[56,57583,288],{"class":75},[56,57585,3731],{"class":284},[56,57587,497],{"class":66},[56,57589,40775],{"class":237},[56,57591,67],{"class":66},[56,57593,406],{"class":79},[56,57595,241],{"class":66},[56,57597,57598],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,57599,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,57601,57602,57604,57606,57608],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,57603,63],{"class":62},[56,57605,67],{"class":66},[56,57607,338],{"class":237},[56,57609,241],{"class":66},[14,57611,130],{},[47,57613,57614],{"className":49,"code":46135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,57615,57616],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57617,57618],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57619,46135],{"class":79},[615,57621,57623],{"id":57622},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[47,57625,57627],{"className":49,"code":57626,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,57628,57629,57671,57693,57697],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57630,57631,57633,57635,57637,57639,57641,57643,57645,57647,57650,57652,57654,57656,57658,57660,57662,57664,57667,57669],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57632,3537],{"class":284},[56,57634,288],{"class":75},[56,57636,3080],{"class":66},[56,57638,938],{"class":937},[56,57640,36560],{"class":941},[56,57642,938],{"class":937},[56,57644,1080],{"class":66},[56,57646,1448],{"class":937},[56,57648,57649],{"class":941},"dog",[56,57651,938],{"class":937},[56,57653,1080],{"class":66},[56,57655,1448],{"class":937},[56,57657,36560],{"class":941},[56,57659,938],{"class":937},[56,57661,1080],{"class":66},[56,57663,1448],{"class":937},[56,57665,57666],{"class":941},"bird",[56,57668,938],{"class":937},[56,57670,3093],{"class":66},[56,57672,57673,57675,57677,57679,57681,57683,57685,57687,57689,57691],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,57674,299],{"class":284},[56,57676,288],{"class":75},[56,57678,5645],{"class":284},[56,57680,497],{"class":66},[56,57682,40775],{"class":237},[56,57684,67],{"class":66},[56,57686,938],{"class":937},[56,57688,36560],{"class":941},[56,57690,938],{"class":937},[56,57692,241],{"class":66},[56,57694,57695],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,57696,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,57698,57699,57701,57703,57705],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,57700,63],{"class":62},[56,57702,67],{"class":66},[56,57704,338],{"class":237},[56,57706,241],{"class":66},[14,57708,130],{},[47,57710,57711],{"className":49,"code":16556,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,57712,57713],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57714,57715],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57716,16556],{"class":79},[615,57718,57720],{"id":57719},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[47,57722,57724],{"className":49,"code":57723,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,57725,57726,57750,57768,57772],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57727,57728,57730,57732,57734,57736,57738,57740,57742,57744,57746,57748],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57729,3075],{"class":284},[56,57731,288],{"class":75},[56,57733,3080],{"class":66},[56,57735,1077],{"class":79},[56,57737,1080],{"class":66},[56,57739,1083],{"class":79},[56,57741,1080],{"class":66},[56,57743,529],{"class":79},[56,57745,1080],{"class":66},[56,57747,535],{"class":79},[56,57749,3093],{"class":66},[56,57751,57752,57754,57756,57758,57760,57762,57764,57766],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,57753,299],{"class":284},[56,57755,288],{"class":75},[56,57757,3731],{"class":284},[56,57759,497],{"class":66},[56,57761,40775],{"class":237},[56,57763,67],{"class":66},[56,57765,198],{"class":79},[56,57767,241],{"class":66},[56,57769,57770],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,57771,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,57773,57774,57776,57778,57780],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,57775,63],{"class":62},[56,57777,67],{"class":66},[56,57779,338],{"class":237},[56,57781,241],{"class":66},[14,57783,130],{},[47,57785,57786],{"className":49,"code":46770,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,57787,57788],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57789,57790],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57791,46770],{"class":79},[615,57793,57795],{"id":57794},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[47,57797,57799],{"className":49,"code":57798,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,57800,57801,57847,57869,57873],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57802,57803,57805,57807,57809,57811,57813,57815,57817,57819,57821,57823,57825,57827,57829,57831,57833,57835,57837,57839,57841,57843,57845],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57804,8653],{"class":284},[56,57806,288],{"class":75},[56,57808,55815],{"class":66},[56,57810,1077],{"class":79},[56,57812,1080],{"class":66},[56,57814,1083],{"class":79},[56,57816,17563],{"class":66},[56,57818,3080],{"class":66},[56,57820,1077],{"class":79},[56,57822,1080],{"class":66},[56,57824,1083],{"class":79},[56,57826,17563],{"class":66},[56,57828,3080],{"class":66},[56,57830,115],{"class":79},[56,57832,1080],{"class":66},[56,57834,529],{"class":79},[56,57836,17563],{"class":66},[56,57838,3080],{"class":66},[56,57840,1077],{"class":79},[56,57842,1080],{"class":66},[56,57844,1083],{"class":79},[56,57846,52763],{"class":66},[56,57848,57849,57851,57853,57855,57857,57859,57861,57863,57865,57867],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,57850,299],{"class":284},[56,57852,288],{"class":75},[56,57854,14064],{"class":284},[56,57856,497],{"class":66},[56,57858,40775],{"class":237},[56,57860,1074],{"class":66},[56,57862,1077],{"class":79},[56,57864,1080],{"class":66},[56,57866,1083],{"class":79},[56,57868,3354],{"class":66},[56,57870,57871],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,57872,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,57874,57875,57877,57879,57881],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,57876,63],{"class":62},[56,57878,67],{"class":66},[56,57880,338],{"class":237},[56,57882,241],{"class":66},[14,57884,130],{},[47,57886,57887],{"className":49,"code":46135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,57888,57889],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57890,57891],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57892,46135],{"class":79},[42,57894,4433,57896],{"id":57895},"when-to-use-count",[18,57897,56812],{},[14,57899,153,57900,57902],{},[18,57901,56812],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[14,57904,57905],{},"Good use cases:",[26,57907,57908,57911,57914],{},[29,57909,57910],{},"counting one specific item",[29,57912,57913],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[29,57915,57916],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[14,57918,274],{},[47,57920,57922],{"className":49,"code":57921,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[18,57923,57924,57965,57989,57993],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,57925,57926,57929,57931,57933,57935,57937,57939,57941,57943,57945,57947,57949,57951,57953,57955,57957,57959,57961,57963],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,57927,57928],{"class":284},"votes ",[56,57930,288],{"class":75},[56,57932,3080],{"class":66},[56,57934,938],{"class":937},[56,57936,8144],{"class":941},[56,57938,938],{"class":937},[56,57940,1080],{"class":66},[56,57942,1448],{"class":937},[56,57944,8083],{"class":941},[56,57946,938],{"class":937},[56,57948,1080],{"class":66},[56,57950,1448],{"class":937},[56,57952,8144],{"class":941},[56,57954,938],{"class":937},[56,57956,1080],{"class":66},[56,57958,1448],{"class":937},[56,57960,8144],{"class":941},[56,57962,938],{"class":937},[56,57964,3093],{"class":66},[56,57966,57967,57970,57972,57975,57977,57979,57981,57983,57985,57987],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,57968,57969],{"class":284},"yes_votes ",[56,57971,288],{"class":75},[56,57973,57974],{"class":284}," votes",[56,57976,497],{"class":66},[56,57978,40775],{"class":237},[56,57980,67],{"class":66},[56,57982,938],{"class":937},[56,57984,8144],{"class":941},[56,57986,938],{"class":937},[56,57988,241],{"class":66},[56,57990,57991],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,57992,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,57994,57995,57997,57999,58002],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,57996,63],{"class":62},[56,57998,67],{"class":66},[56,58000,58001],{"class":237},"yes_votes",[56,58003,241],{"class":66},[14,58005,58006,58008],{},[18,58007,56812],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[14,58010,58011,58012,3862,58014,497],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[372,58013,52292],{"href":50499},[372,58015,58017],{"href":58016},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[42,58019,912],{"id":911},[14,58021,7932,58022,497],{},[18,58023,56817],{},[615,58025,58027],{"id":58026},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[14,58029,58030,58032],{},[18,58031,56817],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[47,58034,58036],{"className":49,"code":58035,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[18,58037,58038,58071],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58039,58040,58042,58044,58046,58048,58051,58053,58055,58057,58059,58061,58063,58065,58067,58069],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58041,3537],{"class":284},[56,58043,288],{"class":75},[56,58045,3080],{"class":66},[56,58047,938],{"class":937},[56,58049,58050],{"class":941},"apple pie",[56,58052,938],{"class":937},[56,58054,1080],{"class":66},[56,58056,1448],{"class":937},[56,58058,3555],{"class":941},[56,58060,938],{"class":937},[56,58062,1080],{"class":66},[56,58064,1448],{"class":937},[56,58066,58050],{"class":941},[56,58068,938],{"class":937},[56,58070,3093],{"class":66},[56,58072,58073,58075,58077,58079,58081,58083,58085,58087,58089,58091,58093],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,58074,63],{"class":62},[56,58076,67],{"class":66},[56,58078,3581],{"class":237},[56,58080,497],{"class":66},[56,58082,40775],{"class":237},[56,58084,67],{"class":66},[56,58086,938],{"class":937},[56,58088,3546],{"class":941},[56,58090,938],{"class":937},[56,58092,4836],{"class":66},[56,58094,50767],{"class":3123},[14,58096,567,58097,571],{},[18,58098,181],{},[14,58100,28567,58101,58103,58104,497],{},[18,58102,57355],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[18,58105,58106],{},"\"apple pie\"",[14,58108,58109,58110,497],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[18,58111,58112],{},"str.count()",[615,58114,7938,58116,7941,58118,964,58120],{"id":58115},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[18,58117,56812],{},[18,58119,3060],{},[18,58121,3134],{},[14,58123,58124,58126],{},[18,58125,56812],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[47,58128,58130],{"className":49,"code":58129,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[18,58131,58132,58156],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58133,58134,58136,58138,58140,58142,58144,58146,58148,58150,58152,58154],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58135,3075],{"class":284},[56,58137,288],{"class":75},[56,58139,3080],{"class":66},[56,58141,1077],{"class":79},[56,58143,1080],{"class":66},[56,58145,1083],{"class":79},[56,58147,1080],{"class":66},[56,58149,1083],{"class":79},[56,58151,1080],{"class":66},[56,58153,529],{"class":79},[56,58155,3093],{"class":66},[56,58157,58158,58160,58162,58164,58166,58168,58170,58172,58174],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,58159,63],{"class":62},[56,58161,67],{"class":66},[56,58163,3107],{"class":237},[56,58165,497],{"class":66},[56,58167,40775],{"class":237},[56,58169,67],{"class":66},[56,58171,115],{"class":79},[56,58173,4836],{"class":66},[56,58175,50935],{"class":3123},[14,58177,58178],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[47,58180,58182],{"className":49,"code":58181,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[18,58183,58184],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58185,58186,58188,58190,58192,58194,58196,58198],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58187,63],{"class":62},[56,58189,67],{"class":66},[56,58191,115],{"class":79},[56,58193,20676],{"class":3341},[56,58195,3731],{"class":237},[56,58197,3120],{"class":66},[56,58199,3124],{"class":3123},[615,58201,58203],{"id":58202},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[47,58205,58207],{"className":49,"code":58206,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[18,58208,58209,58242],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58210,58211,58213,58215,58217,58219,58221,58223,58225,58227,58229,58231,58233,58235,58238,58240],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58212,4467],{"class":284},[56,58214,288],{"class":75},[56,58216,3080],{"class":66},[56,58218,938],{"class":937},[56,58220,7158],{"class":941},[56,58222,938],{"class":937},[56,58224,1080],{"class":66},[56,58226,1448],{"class":937},[56,58228,19720],{"class":941},[56,58230,938],{"class":937},[56,58232,1080],{"class":66},[56,58234,1448],{"class":937},[56,58236,58237],{"class":941},"SAM",[56,58239,938],{"class":937},[56,58241,3093],{"class":66},[56,58243,58244,58246,58248,58250,58252,58254,58256,58258,58260,58262,58264],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,58245,63],{"class":62},[56,58247,67],{"class":66},[56,58249,4511],{"class":237},[56,58251,497],{"class":66},[56,58253,40775],{"class":237},[56,58255,67],{"class":66},[56,58257,938],{"class":937},[56,58259,19720],{"class":941},[56,58261,938],{"class":937},[56,58263,4836],{"class":66},[56,58265,27285],{"class":3123},[14,58267,58268,58269,58272],{},"Only the exact string ",[18,58270,58271],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[615,58274,29156,58276,33057],{"id":58275},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[18,58277,56812],{},[14,58279,58280],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[47,58282,58284],{"className":49,"code":58283,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[18,58285,58286,58296,58310,58328,58342,58354],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58287,58288,58290,58292,58294],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58289,63],{"class":62},[56,58291,67],{"class":66},[56,58293,7823],{"class":237},[56,58295,241],{"class":66},[56,58297,58298,58300,58302,58304,58306,58308],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,58299,63],{"class":62},[56,58301,67],{"class":66},[56,58303,1314],{"class":989},[56,58305,67],{"class":66},[56,58307,7823],{"class":237},[56,58309,83],{"class":66},[56,58311,58312,58314,58316,58318,58320,58322,58324,58326],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,58313,63],{"class":62},[56,58315,67],{"class":66},[56,58317,7823],{"class":237},[56,58319,497],{"class":66},[56,58321,40775],{"class":237},[56,58323,67],{"class":66},[56,58325,551],{"class":237},[56,58327,83],{"class":66},[56,58329,58330,58332,58334,58336,58338,58340],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,58331,63],{"class":62},[56,58333,67],{"class":66},[56,58335,524],{"class":237},[56,58337,3348],{"class":3341},[56,58339,7880],{"class":237},[56,58341,241],{"class":66},[56,58343,58344,58346,58348,58350,58352],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,58345,5434],{"class":3341},[56,58347,5437],{"class":284},[56,58349,3348],{"class":3341},[56,58351,7880],{"class":284},[56,58353,5871],{"class":66},[56,58355,58356,58358,58360,58362,58364,58366],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,58357,7552],{"class":62},[56,58359,67],{"class":66},[56,58361,41295],{"class":62},[56,58363,67],{"class":66},[56,58365,22814],{"class":237},[56,58367,83],{"class":66},[14,58369,58370],{},"These checks can help you see:",[26,58372,58373,58376,58379],{},[29,58374,58375],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[29,58377,58378],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[29,58380,58381],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[14,58383,58384],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[26,58386,58387,58392,58395,58402],{},[29,58388,50011,58389,58391],{},[18,58390,56812],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[29,58393,58394],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[29,58396,10598,58397,58399,58400],{},[18,58398,56817],{}," with string ",[18,58401,56812],{},[29,58403,58404],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[42,58406,1553],{"id":1552},[615,58408,12199,58410,58412],{"id":58409},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[18,58411,56817],{}," change the list?",[14,58414,58415],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[615,58417,58419],{"id":58418},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[14,58421,11405,58422,497],{},[18,58423,181],{},[615,58425,4643,58427,58429],{"id":58426},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[18,58428,56817],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[14,58431,58432],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[615,58434,14401,58436,58438],{"id":58435},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[18,58437,56817],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[14,58440,41668,58441,3862,58443,58445],{},[18,58442,57358],{},[18,58444,57355],{}," are different values.",[615,58447,4631,58449,58451,58452,571],{"id":58448},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[18,58450,3060],{}," sometimes count like ",[18,58453,1077],{},[14,58455,8272,58456,58458,58459,3862,58461,58458,58463,497],{},[18,58457,3060],{}," compares equal to ",[18,58460,1077],{},[18,58462,3134],{},[18,58464,181],{},[42,58466,1601],{"id":1600},[26,58468,58469,58473,58479,58483,58491,58498],{},[29,58470,58471],{},[372,58472,52292],{"href":50499},[29,58474,58475],{},[372,58476,58478],{"href":58477},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[29,58480,58481],{},[372,58482,6415],{"href":5674},[29,58484,58485],{},[372,58486,55041,58488,10231],{"href":58487},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[18,58489,58490],{},"index()",[29,58492,58493],{},[372,58494,3031,58496],{"href":58495},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[18,58497,41877],{},[29,58499,58500],{},[372,58501,58502],{"href":58016},"What is a list in Python",[1633,58504,58505],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":58507},[58508,58509,58511,58512,58513,58519,58525,58527,58535,58546],{"id":3064,"depth":86,"text":3065},{"id":56909,"depth":86,"text":58510},"What list.count() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":37533,"depth":86,"text":37534},{"id":57231,"depth":86,"text":57232,"children":58514},[58515,58516,58518],{"id":57263,"depth":102,"text":57264},{"id":57362,"depth":102,"text":58517},"1 and True can match",{"id":57461,"depth":102,"text":57462},{"id":57539,"depth":86,"text":57540,"children":58520},[58521,58522,58523,58524],{"id":57543,"depth":102,"text":57544},{"id":57622,"depth":102,"text":57623},{"id":57719,"depth":102,"text":57720},{"id":57794,"depth":102,"text":57795},{"id":57895,"depth":86,"text":58526},"When to use count()",{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912,"children":58528},[58529,58530,58532,58533],{"id":58026,"depth":102,"text":58027},{"id":58115,"depth":102,"text":58531},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58202,"depth":102,"text":58203},{"id":58275,"depth":102,"text":58534},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":58536},[58537,58539,58540,58542,58544],{"id":58409,"depth":102,"text":58538},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58418,"depth":102,"text":58419},{"id":58426,"depth":102,"text":58541},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58435,"depth":102,"text":58543},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58448,"depth":102,"text":58545},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":56804,"description":58547},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58554,"title":58555,"body":58556,"description":60519,"extension":1665,"meta":60520,"navigation":316,"path":60521,"seo":60522,"stem":60523,"__hash__":60524},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58557,"toc":60482},[58558,58561,58564,58566,58694,58698,58779,58790,58792,58811,58815,58818,58821,58839,58841,58884,58888,58913,58922,58926,58931,58934,59051,59055,59124,59128,59140,59144,59147,59188,59192,59205,59208,59293,59297,59330,59337,59343,59348,59350,59362,59366,59399,59403,59435,59439,59476,59480,59500,59504,59538,59542,59571,59582,59586,59589,59592,59605,59662,59666,59705,59711,59714,59716,59719,59723,59726,59751,59753,59778,59785,59788,59833,59837,59856,59859,59898,59905,59910,59944,59948,60049,60056,60089,60093,60119,60123,60126,60164,60167,60204,60208,60211,60230,60234,60295,60297,60315,60319,60322,60325,60354,60356,60360,60363,60371,60375,60378,60398,60404,60410,60414,60417,60424,60432,60434,60473,60479],[10,58559,58555],{"id":58560},"python-list-creating-a-list",[14,58562,58563],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[42,58565,3065],{"id":3064},[47,58567,58569],{"className":49,"code":58568,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,58570,58571,58591,58623,58631,58649,58653,58663,58673,58684],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58572,58573,58575,58577,58579,58581,58583,58585,58587,58589],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58574,3075],{"class":284},[56,58576,288],{"class":75},[56,58578,3080],{"class":66},[56,58580,1077],{"class":79},[56,58582,1080],{"class":66},[56,58584,1083],{"class":79},[56,58586,1080],{"class":66},[56,58588,529],{"class":79},[56,58590,3093],{"class":66},[56,58592,58593,58595,58597,58599,58601,58603,58605,58607,58609,58611,58613,58615,58617,58619,58621],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,58594,4467],{"class":284},[56,58596,288],{"class":75},[56,58598,3080],{"class":66},[56,58600,938],{"class":937},[56,58602,12376],{"class":941},[56,58604,938],{"class":937},[56,58606,1080],{"class":66},[56,58608,1448],{"class":937},[56,58610,35452],{"class":941},[56,58612,938],{"class":937},[56,58614,1080],{"class":66},[56,58616,1448],{"class":937},[56,58618,35461],{"class":941},[56,58620,938],{"class":937},[56,58622,3093],{"class":66},[56,58624,58625,58627,58629],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,58626,55452],{"class":284},[56,58628,288],{"class":75},[56,58630,7321],{"class":66},[56,58632,58633,58635,58637,58639,58641,58643,58645,58647],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,58634,35602],{"class":284},[56,58636,288],{"class":75},[56,58638,22063],{"class":989},[56,58640,67],{"class":66},[56,58642,938],{"class":937},[56,58644,41076],{"class":941},[56,58646,938],{"class":937},[56,58648,241],{"class":66},[56,58650,58651],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,58652,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,58654,58655,58657,58659,58661],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,58656,63],{"class":62},[56,58658,67],{"class":66},[56,58660,3107],{"class":237},[56,58662,241],{"class":66},[56,58664,58665,58667,58669,58671],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,58666,63],{"class":62},[56,58668,67],{"class":66},[56,58670,4511],{"class":237},[56,58672,241],{"class":66},[56,58674,58675,58677,58679,58682],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,58676,63],{"class":62},[56,58678,67],{"class":66},[56,58680,58681],{"class":237},"empty_list",[56,58683,241],{"class":66},[56,58685,58686,58688,58690,58692],{"class":58,"line":5910},[56,58687,63],{"class":62},[56,58689,67],{"class":66},[56,58691,35655],{"class":237},[56,58693,241],{"class":66},[14,58695,58696],{},[3205,58697,130],{},[47,58699,58701],{"className":49,"code":58700,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,58702,58703,58719,58747,58751],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58704,58705,58707,58709,58711,58713,58715,58717],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58706,3366],{"class":66},[56,58708,1077],{"class":79},[56,58710,1080],{"class":66},[56,58712,1083],{"class":79},[56,58714,1080],{"class":66},[56,58716,529],{"class":79},[56,58718,3093],{"class":66},[56,58720,58721,58723,58725,58727,58729,58731,58733,58735,58737,58739,58741,58743,58745],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,58722,3366],{"class":66},[56,58724,1394],{"class":937},[56,58726,12376],{"class":941},[56,58728,1394],{"class":937},[56,58730,1080],{"class":66},[56,58732,1389],{"class":937},[56,58734,35452],{"class":941},[56,58736,1394],{"class":937},[56,58738,1080],{"class":66},[56,58740,1389],{"class":937},[56,58742,35461],{"class":941},[56,58744,1394],{"class":937},[56,58746,3093],{"class":66},[56,58748,58749],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,58750,37811],{"class":66},[56,58752,58753,58755,58757,58759,58761,58763,58765,58767,58769,58771,58773,58775,58777],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,58754,3366],{"class":66},[56,58756,1394],{"class":937},[56,58758,372],{"class":941},[56,58760,1394],{"class":937},[56,58762,1080],{"class":66},[56,58764,1389],{"class":937},[56,58766,4232],{"class":941},[56,58768,1394],{"class":937},[56,58770,1080],{"class":66},[56,58772,1389],{"class":937},[56,58774,9228],{"class":941},[56,58776,1394],{"class":937},[56,58778,3093],{"class":66},[14,58780,58781,58782,58784,58785,58787,58788,497],{},"Use square brackets ",[18,58783,3250],{}," for most lists. Use ",[18,58786,24285],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[18,58789,35710],{},[42,58791,14661],{"id":14660},[26,58793,58794,58797,58800,58803,58808],{},[29,58795,58796],{},"What a list is in Python",[29,58798,58799],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[29,58801,58802],{},"How to create an empty list",[29,58804,58805,58806,378],{},"How to create a list with the ",[18,58807,24285],{},[29,58809,58810],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[42,58812,58814],{"id":58813},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[14,58816,58817],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[14,58819,58820],{},"This means:",[26,58822,58823,58826,58829,58832],{},[29,58824,58825],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[29,58827,58828],{},"The order of items is kept",[29,58830,58831],{},"A list can hold different data types",[29,58833,58834,58835,58838],{},"A list is ",[3205,58836,58837],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[14,58840,274],{},[47,58842,58844],{"className":49,"code":58843,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,58845,58846,58870,58874],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58847,58848,58850,58852,58854,58856,58858,58860,58862,58864,58866,58868],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58849,7261],{"class":284},[56,58851,288],{"class":75},[56,58853,3080],{"class":66},[56,58855,938],{"class":937},[56,58857,3546],{"class":941},[56,58859,938],{"class":937},[56,58861,1080],{"class":66},[56,58863,5481],{"class":79},[56,58865,1080],{"class":66},[56,58867,3382],{"class":3316},[56,58869,3093],{"class":66},[56,58871,58872],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,58873,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,58875,58876,58878,58880,58882],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,58877,63],{"class":62},[56,58879,67],{"class":66},[56,58881,7292],{"class":237},[56,58883,241],{"class":66},[14,58885,58886],{},[3205,58887,130],{},[47,58889,58891],{"className":49,"code":58890,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[18,58892,58893],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58894,58895,58897,58899,58901,58903,58905,58907,58909,58911],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58896,3366],{"class":66},[56,58898,1394],{"class":937},[56,58900,3546],{"class":941},[56,58902,1394],{"class":937},[56,58904,1080],{"class":66},[56,58906,5481],{"class":79},[56,58908,1080],{"class":66},[56,58910,3382],{"class":3316},[56,58912,3093],{"class":66},[14,58914,58915,58916,964,58919,497],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[372,58917,58918],{"href":50499},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[372,58920,58921],{"href":58016},"What is a List in Python?",[42,58923,58925],{"id":58924},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[14,58927,58781,58928,58930],{},[18,58929,3250],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[14,58932,58933],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[47,58935,58937],{"className":49,"code":58936,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[18,58938,58939,58959,58991,59016,59020,59030,59040],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,58940,58941,58943,58945,58947,58949,58951,58953,58955,58957],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,58942,3075],{"class":284},[56,58944,288],{"class":75},[56,58946,3080],{"class":66},[56,58948,1077],{"class":79},[56,58950,1080],{"class":66},[56,58952,1083],{"class":79},[56,58954,1080],{"class":66},[56,58956,529],{"class":79},[56,58958,3093],{"class":66},[56,58960,58961,58963,58965,58967,58969,58971,58973,58975,58977,58979,58981,58983,58985,58987,58989],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,58962,4467],{"class":284},[56,58964,288],{"class":75},[56,58966,3080],{"class":66},[56,58968,938],{"class":937},[56,58970,12376],{"class":941},[56,58972,938],{"class":937},[56,58974,1080],{"class":66},[56,58976,1448],{"class":937},[56,58978,35452],{"class":941},[56,58980,938],{"class":937},[56,58982,1080],{"class":66},[56,58984,1448],{"class":937},[56,58986,35461],{"class":941},[56,58988,938],{"class":937},[56,58990,3093],{"class":66},[56,58992,58993,58996,58998,59000,59002,59004,59006,59008,59010,59012,59014],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,58994,58995],{"class":284},"mixed ",[56,58997,288],{"class":75},[56,58999,3080],{"class":66},[56,59001,406],{"class":79},[56,59003,1080],{"class":66},[56,59005,1448],{"class":937},[56,59007,3309],{"class":941},[56,59009,938],{"class":937},[56,59011,1080],{"class":66},[56,59013,3373],{"class":3316},[56,59015,3093],{"class":66},[56,59017,59018],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,59019,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,59021,59022,59024,59026,59028],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,59023,63],{"class":62},[56,59025,67],{"class":66},[56,59027,3107],{"class":237},[56,59029,241],{"class":66},[56,59031,59032,59034,59036,59038],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,59033,63],{"class":62},[56,59035,67],{"class":66},[56,59037,4511],{"class":237},[56,59039,241],{"class":66},[56,59041,59042,59044,59046,59049],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,59043,63],{"class":62},[56,59045,67],{"class":66},[56,59047,59048],{"class":237},"mixed",[56,59050,241],{"class":66},[14,59052,59053],{},[3205,59054,130],{},[47,59056,59058],{"className":49,"code":59057,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[18,59059,59060,59076,59104],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59061,59062,59064,59066,59068,59070,59072,59074],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59063,3366],{"class":66},[56,59065,1077],{"class":79},[56,59067,1080],{"class":66},[56,59069,1083],{"class":79},[56,59071,1080],{"class":66},[56,59073,529],{"class":79},[56,59075,3093],{"class":66},[56,59077,59078,59080,59082,59084,59086,59088,59090,59092,59094,59096,59098,59100,59102],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,59079,3366],{"class":66},[56,59081,1394],{"class":937},[56,59083,12376],{"class":941},[56,59085,1394],{"class":937},[56,59087,1080],{"class":66},[56,59089,1389],{"class":937},[56,59091,35452],{"class":941},[56,59093,1394],{"class":937},[56,59095,1080],{"class":66},[56,59097,1389],{"class":937},[56,59099,35461],{"class":941},[56,59101,1394],{"class":937},[56,59103,3093],{"class":66},[56,59105,59106,59108,59110,59112,59114,59116,59118,59120,59122],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,59107,3366],{"class":66},[56,59109,406],{"class":79},[56,59111,1080],{"class":66},[56,59113,1389],{"class":937},[56,59115,3309],{"class":941},[56,59117,1394],{"class":937},[56,59119,1080],{"class":66},[56,59121,3373],{"class":3316},[56,59123,3093],{"class":66},[615,59125,59127],{"id":59126},"key-points","Key points",[26,59129,59130,59135,59137],{},[29,59131,153,59132,59134],{},[18,59133,3250],{}," to make a new list",[29,59136,14931],{},[29,59138,59139],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[42,59141,59143],{"id":59142},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[14,59145,59146],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[47,59148,59150],{"className":49,"code":59149,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[18,59151,59152,59160,59164,59174],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59153,59154,59156,59158],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59155,7792],{"class":284},[56,59157,288],{"class":75},[56,59159,7321],{"class":66},[56,59161,59162],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,59163,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,59165,59166,59168,59170,59172],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,59167,63],{"class":62},[56,59169,67],{"class":66},[56,59171,7823],{"class":237},[56,59173,241],{"class":66},[56,59175,59176,59178,59180,59182,59184,59186],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,59177,63],{"class":62},[56,59179,67],{"class":66},[56,59181,10653],{"class":62},[56,59183,67],{"class":66},[56,59185,7823],{"class":237},[56,59187,83],{"class":66},[14,59189,59190],{},[3205,59191,130],{},[47,59193,59195],{"className":49,"code":59194,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[]\n0\n",[18,59196,59197,59201],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59198,59199],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59200,37811],{"class":66},[56,59202,59203],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,59204,46770],{"class":79},[14,59206,59207],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[47,59209,59211],{"className":49,"code":59210,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[18,59212,59213,59221,59225,59243,59261,59279,59283],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59214,59215,59217,59219],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59216,4467],{"class":284},[56,59218,288],{"class":75},[56,59220,7321],{"class":66},[56,59222,59223],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,59224,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,59226,59227,59229,59231,59233,59235,59237,59239,59241],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,59228,4511],{"class":284},[56,59230,497],{"class":66},[56,59232,13050],{"class":237},[56,59234,67],{"class":66},[56,59236,938],{"class":937},[56,59238,12376],{"class":941},[56,59240,938],{"class":937},[56,59242,241],{"class":66},[56,59244,59245,59247,59249,59251,59253,59255,59257,59259],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,59246,4511],{"class":284},[56,59248,497],{"class":66},[56,59250,13050],{"class":237},[56,59252,67],{"class":66},[56,59254,938],{"class":937},[56,59256,35452],{"class":941},[56,59258,938],{"class":937},[56,59260,241],{"class":66},[56,59262,59263,59265,59267,59269,59271,59273,59275,59277],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,59264,4511],{"class":284},[56,59266,497],{"class":66},[56,59268,13050],{"class":237},[56,59270,67],{"class":66},[56,59272,938],{"class":937},[56,59274,35461],{"class":941},[56,59276,938],{"class":937},[56,59278,241],{"class":66},[56,59280,59281],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,59282,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,59284,59285,59287,59289,59291],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,59286,63],{"class":62},[56,59288,67],{"class":66},[56,59290,4511],{"class":237},[56,59292,241],{"class":66},[14,59294,59295],{},[3205,59296,130],{},[47,59298,59300],{"className":49,"code":59299,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[18,59301,59302],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59303,59304,59306,59308,59310,59312,59314,59316,59318,59320,59322,59324,59326,59328],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59305,3366],{"class":66},[56,59307,1394],{"class":937},[56,59309,12376],{"class":941},[56,59311,1394],{"class":937},[56,59313,1080],{"class":66},[56,59315,1389],{"class":937},[56,59317,35452],{"class":941},[56,59319,1394],{"class":937},[56,59321,1080],{"class":66},[56,59323,1389],{"class":937},[56,59325,35461],{"class":941},[56,59327,1394],{"class":937},[56,59329,3093],{"class":66},[14,59331,59332,59333,497],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[372,59334,59335,10231],{"href":56290},[18,59336,52173],{},[42,59338,59340,59341],{"id":59339},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[18,59342,24285],{},[14,59344,153,59345,59347],{},[18,59346,24285],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[14,59349,4932],{},[26,59351,59352,59354,59356,59358],{},[29,59353,4783],{},[29,59355,4777],{},[29,59357,4780],{},[29,59359,59360],{},[18,59361,35710],{},[615,59363,59365],{"id":59364},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[47,59367,59369],{"className":49,"code":59368,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,59370,59371,59389],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59372,59373,59375,59377,59379,59381,59383,59385,59387],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59374,35602],{"class":284},[56,59376,288],{"class":75},[56,59378,22063],{"class":989},[56,59380,67],{"class":66},[56,59382,938],{"class":937},[56,59384,41076],{"class":941},[56,59386,938],{"class":937},[56,59388,241],{"class":66},[56,59390,59391,59393,59395,59397],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,59392,63],{"class":62},[56,59394,67],{"class":66},[56,59396,35655],{"class":237},[56,59398,241],{"class":66},[14,59400,59401],{},[3205,59402,130],{},[47,59404,59405],{"className":49,"code":42392,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,59406,59407],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59408,59409,59411,59413,59415,59417,59419,59421,59423,59425,59427,59429,59431,59433],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59410,3366],{"class":66},[56,59412,1394],{"class":937},[56,59414,372],{"class":941},[56,59416,1394],{"class":937},[56,59418,1080],{"class":66},[56,59420,1389],{"class":937},[56,59422,4232],{"class":941},[56,59424,1394],{"class":937},[56,59426,1080],{"class":66},[56,59428,1389],{"class":937},[56,59430,9228],{"class":941},[56,59432,1394],{"class":937},[56,59434,3093],{"class":66},[615,59436,59438],{"id":59437},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[47,59440,59442],{"className":49,"code":59441,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,59443,59444,59466],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59445,59446,59448,59450,59452,59454,59456,59458,59460,59462,59464],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59447,3075],{"class":284},[56,59449,288],{"class":75},[56,59451,22063],{"class":989},[56,59453,4986],{"class":66},[56,59455,1077],{"class":79},[56,59457,1080],{"class":66},[56,59459,1083],{"class":79},[56,59461,1080],{"class":66},[56,59463,529],{"class":79},[56,59465,83],{"class":66},[56,59467,59468,59470,59472,59474],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,59469,63],{"class":62},[56,59471,67],{"class":66},[56,59473,3107],{"class":237},[56,59475,241],{"class":66},[14,59477,59478],{},[3205,59479,130],{},[47,59481,59482],{"className":49,"code":54671,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,59483,59484],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59485,59486,59488,59490,59492,59494,59496,59498],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59487,3366],{"class":66},[56,59489,1077],{"class":79},[56,59491,1080],{"class":66},[56,59493,1083],{"class":79},[56,59495,1080],{"class":66},[56,59497,529],{"class":79},[56,59499,3093],{"class":66},[615,59501,59503],{"id":59502},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[47,59505,59507],{"className":49,"code":59506,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[18,59508,59509,59528],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59510,59511,59513,59515,59517,59519,59522,59524,59526],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59512,3286],{"class":284},[56,59514,288],{"class":75},[56,59516,22063],{"class":989},[56,59518,67],{"class":66},[56,59520,59521],{"class":62},"range",[56,59523,67],{"class":66},[56,59525,198],{"class":79},[56,59527,83],{"class":66},[56,59529,59530,59532,59534,59536],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,59531,63],{"class":62},[56,59533,67],{"class":66},[56,59535,4833],{"class":237},[56,59537,241],{"class":66},[14,59539,59540],{},[3205,59541,130],{},[47,59543,59545],{"className":49,"code":59544,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,59546,59547],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59548,59549,59551,59553,59555,59557,59559,59561,59563,59565,59567,59569],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59550,3366],{"class":66},[56,59552,181],{"class":79},[56,59554,1080],{"class":66},[56,59556,4973],{"class":79},[56,59558,1080],{"class":66},[56,59560,1083],{"class":79},[56,59562,1080],{"class":66},[56,59564,529],{"class":79},[56,59566,1080],{"class":66},[56,59568,535],{"class":79},[56,59570,3093],{"class":66},[14,59572,59573,59575,59576,497],{},[18,59574,24285],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[372,59577,59579,59581],{"href":59578},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[18,59580,24285],{},": Function Explained",[42,59583,59585],{"id":59584},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[14,59587,59588],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[14,59590,59591],{},"Examples include:",[26,59593,59594,59596,59598,59600,59602],{},[29,59595,4783],{},[29,59597,39939],{},[29,59599,51566],{},[29,59601,40109],{},[29,59603,59604],{},"other lists",[47,59606,59608],{"className":49,"code":59607,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[18,59609,59610,59648,59652],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59611,59612,59614,59616,59618,59620,59622,59624,59626,59628,59630,59632,59634,59636,59638,59640,59642,59644,59646],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59613,8653],{"class":284},[56,59615,288],{"class":75},[56,59617,3080],{"class":66},[56,59619,938],{"class":937},[56,59621,12376],{"class":941},[56,59623,938],{"class":937},[56,59625,1080],{"class":66},[56,59627,8794],{"class":79},[56,59629,1080],{"class":66},[56,59631,3382],{"class":3316},[56,59633,1080],{"class":66},[56,59635,3080],{"class":66},[56,59637,1077],{"class":79},[56,59639,1080],{"class":66},[56,59641,1083],{"class":79},[56,59643,1080],{"class":66},[56,59645,529],{"class":79},[56,59647,52763],{"class":66},[56,59649,59650],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,59651,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,59653,59654,59656,59658,59660],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,59655,63],{"class":62},[56,59657,67],{"class":66},[56,59659,8692],{"class":237},[56,59661,241],{"class":66},[14,59663,59664],{},[3205,59665,130],{},[47,59667,59669],{"className":49,"code":59668,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[18,59670,59671],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59672,59673,59675,59677,59679,59681,59683,59685,59687,59689,59691,59693,59695,59697,59699,59701,59703],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59674,3366],{"class":66},[56,59676,1394],{"class":937},[56,59678,12376],{"class":941},[56,59680,1394],{"class":937},[56,59682,1080],{"class":66},[56,59684,8794],{"class":79},[56,59686,1080],{"class":66},[56,59688,3382],{"class":3316},[56,59690,1080],{"class":66},[56,59692,3080],{"class":66},[56,59694,1077],{"class":79},[56,59696,1080],{"class":66},[56,59698,1083],{"class":79},[56,59700,1080],{"class":66},[56,59702,529],{"class":79},[56,59704,52763],{"class":66},[14,59706,59707,59708,497],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[3205,59709,59710],{},"nested list",[14,59712,59713],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[42,59715,3988],{"id":3987},[14,59717,59718],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[615,59720,59722],{"id":59721},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[14,59724,59725],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[47,59727,59729],{"className":49,"code":59728,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[18,59730,59731,59735],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59732,59733],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59734,4005],{"class":3123},[56,59736,59737,59739,59741,59743,59745,59747,59749],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,59738,3075],{"class":284},[56,59740,288],{"class":75},[56,59742,3080],{"class":66},[56,59744,1077],{"class":79},[56,59746,1083],{"class":79},[56,59748,529],{"class":79},[56,59750,3093],{"class":66},[14,59752,10298],{},[47,59754,59756],{"className":49,"code":59755,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,59757,59758],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59759,59760,59762,59764,59766,59768,59770,59772,59774,59776],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59761,3075],{"class":284},[56,59763,288],{"class":75},[56,59765,3080],{"class":66},[56,59767,1077],{"class":79},[56,59769,1080],{"class":66},[56,59771,1083],{"class":79},[56,59773,1080],{"class":66},[56,59775,529],{"class":79},[56,59777,3093],{"class":66},[615,59779,7902,59781,10583,59783],{"id":59780},"using-instead-of",[18,59782,6846],{},[18,59784,3250],{},[14,59786,59787],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[47,59789,59791],{"className":49,"code":59790,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[18,59792,59793,59814,59818],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59794,59795,59798,59800,59802,59804,59806,59808,59810,59812],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59796,59797],{"class":284},"my_values ",[56,59799,288],{"class":75},[56,59801,8724],{"class":66},[56,59803,1077],{"class":79},[56,59805,1080],{"class":66},[56,59807,1083],{"class":79},[56,59809,1080],{"class":66},[56,59811,529],{"class":79},[56,59813,241],{"class":66},[56,59815,59816],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,59817,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,59819,59820,59822,59824,59826,59828,59831],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,59821,63],{"class":62},[56,59823,67],{"class":66},[56,59825,1314],{"class":989},[56,59827,67],{"class":66},[56,59829,59830],{"class":237},"my_values",[56,59832,83],{"class":66},[14,59834,59835],{},[3205,59836,130],{},[47,59838,59840],{"className":49,"code":59839,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,59841,59842],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59843,59844,59846,59848,59850,59852,59854],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59845,1383],{"class":75},[56,59847,1386],{"class":124},[56,59849,1389],{"class":937},[56,59851,48472],{"class":941},[56,59853,1394],{"class":937},[56,59855,1397],{"class":75},[14,59857,59858],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[47,59860,59862],{"className":49,"code":59861,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[18,59863,59864,59884],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59865,59866,59868,59870,59872,59874,59876,59878,59880,59882],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59867,59797],{"class":284},[56,59869,288],{"class":75},[56,59871,3080],{"class":66},[56,59873,1077],{"class":79},[56,59875,1080],{"class":66},[56,59877,1083],{"class":79},[56,59879,1080],{"class":66},[56,59881,529],{"class":79},[56,59883,3093],{"class":66},[56,59885,59886,59888,59890,59892,59894,59896],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,59887,63],{"class":62},[56,59889,67],{"class":66},[56,59891,1314],{"class":989},[56,59893,67],{"class":66},[56,59895,59830],{"class":237},[56,59897,83],{"class":66},[615,59899,7938,59901,59904],{"id":59900},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[18,59902,59903],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[14,59906,59907,59909],{},[18,59908,24285],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[47,59911,59913],{"className":49,"code":59912,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,59914,59915,59934],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59916,59917,59919,59921,59923,59925,59927,59930,59932],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59918,299],{"class":284},[56,59920,288],{"class":75},[56,59922,22063],{"class":989},[56,59924,67],{"class":66},[56,59926,938],{"class":937},[56,59928,59929],{"class":941},"hello world",[56,59931,938],{"class":937},[56,59933,241],{"class":66},[56,59935,59936,59938,59940,59942],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,59937,63],{"class":62},[56,59939,67],{"class":66},[56,59941,338],{"class":237},[56,59943,241],{"class":66},[14,59945,59946],{},[3205,59947,130],{},[47,59949,59951],{"className":49,"code":59950,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[18,59952,59953],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,59954,59955,59957,59959,59962,59964,59966,59968,59971,59973,59975,59977,59980,59982,59984,59986,59988,59990,59992,59994,59997,59999,60001,60003,60005,60007,60009,60012,60014,60016,60018,60020,60022,60024,60026,60029,60031,60033,60035,60037,60039,60041,60043,60045,60047],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,59956,3366],{"class":66},[56,59958,1394],{"class":937},[56,59960,59961],{"class":941},"h",[56,59963,1394],{"class":937},[56,59965,1080],{"class":66},[56,59967,1389],{"class":937},[56,59969,59970],{"class":941},"e",[56,59972,1394],{"class":937},[56,59974,1080],{"class":66},[56,59976,1389],{"class":937},[56,59978,59979],{"class":941},"l",[56,59981,1394],{"class":937},[56,59983,1080],{"class":66},[56,59985,1389],{"class":937},[56,59987,59979],{"class":941},[56,59989,1394],{"class":937},[56,59991,1080],{"class":66},[56,59993,1389],{"class":937},[56,59995,59996],{"class":941},"o",[56,59998,1394],{"class":937},[56,60000,1080],{"class":66},[56,60002,1389],{"class":937},[56,60004,1389],{"class":937},[56,60006,1080],{"class":66},[56,60008,1389],{"class":937},[56,60010,60011],{"class":941},"w",[56,60013,1394],{"class":937},[56,60015,1080],{"class":66},[56,60017,1389],{"class":937},[56,60019,59996],{"class":941},[56,60021,1394],{"class":937},[56,60023,1080],{"class":66},[56,60025,1389],{"class":937},[56,60027,60028],{"class":941},"r",[56,60030,1394],{"class":937},[56,60032,1080],{"class":66},[56,60034,1389],{"class":937},[56,60036,59979],{"class":941},[56,60038,1394],{"class":937},[56,60040,1080],{"class":66},[56,60042,1389],{"class":937},[56,60044,18269],{"class":941},[56,60046,1394],{"class":937},[56,60048,3093],{"class":66},[14,60050,60051,60052,60055],{},"If you want words, use ",[18,60053,60054],{},"split()"," instead:",[47,60057,60059],{"className":49,"code":60058,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[18,60060,60061,60079],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60062,60063,60065,60067,60069,60071,60073,60075,60077],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60064,3537],{"class":284},[56,60066,288],{"class":75},[56,60068,1448],{"class":937},[56,60070,59929],{"class":941},[56,60072,938],{"class":937},[56,60074,497],{"class":66},[56,60076,33978],{"class":237},[56,60078,8129],{"class":66},[56,60080,60081,60083,60085,60087],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,60082,63],{"class":62},[56,60084,67],{"class":66},[56,60086,3581],{"class":237},[56,60088,241],{"class":66},[14,60090,60091],{},[3205,60092,130],{},[47,60094,60096],{"className":49,"code":60095,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['hello', 'world']\n",[18,60097,60098],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60099,60100,60102,60104,60106,60108,60110,60112,60115,60117],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60101,3366],{"class":66},[56,60103,1394],{"class":937},[56,60105,3309],{"class":941},[56,60107,1394],{"class":937},[56,60109,1080],{"class":66},[56,60111,1389],{"class":937},[56,60113,60114],{"class":941},"world",[56,60116,1394],{"class":937},[56,60118,3093],{"class":66},[615,60120,60122],{"id":60121},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[14,60124,60125],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[47,60127,60129],{"className":49,"code":60128,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[18,60130,60131,60135],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60132,60133],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60134,4005],{"class":3123},[56,60136,60137,60139,60141,60143,60145,60147,60149,60151,60153,60156,60158,60160,60162],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,60138,4467],{"class":284},[56,60140,288],{"class":75},[56,60142,3080],{"class":66},[56,60144,938],{"class":937},[56,60146,12376],{"class":941},[56,60148,938],{"class":937},[56,60150,1080],{"class":66},[56,60152,1448],{"class":937},[56,60154,60155],{"class":941},"Ben', ",[56,60157,938],{"class":937},[56,60159,35461],{"class":284},[56,60161,938],{"class":937},[56,60163,3093],{"class":941},[14,60165,60166],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[47,60168,60170],{"className":49,"code":60169,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[18,60171,60172],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60173,60174,60176,60178,60180,60182,60184,60186,60188,60190,60192,60194,60196,60198,60200,60202],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60175,4467],{"class":284},[56,60177,288],{"class":75},[56,60179,3080],{"class":66},[56,60181,938],{"class":937},[56,60183,12376],{"class":941},[56,60185,938],{"class":937},[56,60187,1080],{"class":66},[56,60189,1448],{"class":937},[56,60191,35452],{"class":941},[56,60193,938],{"class":937},[56,60195,1080],{"class":66},[56,60197,1448],{"class":937},[56,60199,35461],{"class":941},[56,60201,938],{"class":937},[56,60203,3093],{"class":66},[615,60205,60207],{"id":60206},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[14,60209,60210],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[26,60212,60213,60216,60219,60224],{},[29,60214,60215],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[29,60217,60218],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[29,60220,60221,60222],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[18,60223,24285],{},[29,60225,7938,60226,60229],{},[18,60227,60228],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[615,60231,60233],{"id":60232},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[47,60235,60237],{"className":49,"code":60236,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[18,60238,60239,60249,60263,60277],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60240,60241,60243,60245,60247],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60242,63],{"class":62},[56,60244,67],{"class":66},[56,60246,7823],{"class":237},[56,60248,241],{"class":66},[56,60250,60251,60253,60255,60257,60259,60261],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,60252,63],{"class":62},[56,60254,67],{"class":66},[56,60256,1314],{"class":989},[56,60258,67],{"class":66},[56,60260,7823],{"class":237},[56,60262,83],{"class":66},[56,60264,60265,60267,60269,60271,60273,60275],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,60266,63],{"class":62},[56,60268,67],{"class":66},[56,60270,10653],{"class":62},[56,60272,67],{"class":66},[56,60274,7823],{"class":237},[56,60276,83],{"class":66},[56,60278,60279,60281,60283,60285,60287,60289,60291,60293],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,60280,63],{"class":62},[56,60282,67],{"class":66},[56,60284,7577],{"class":989},[56,60286,67],{"class":66},[56,60288,59521],{"class":62},[56,60290,67],{"class":66},[56,60292,198],{"class":79},[56,60294,1000],{"class":66},[14,60296,25513],{},[26,60298,60299,60302,60305,60308],{},[29,60300,60301],{},"what the list contains",[29,60303,60304],{},"whether the value is really a list",[29,60306,60307],{},"how many items it has",[29,60309,25524,60310,60312,60313],{},[18,60311,24285],{}," does with ",[18,60314,35710],{},[42,60316,60318],{"id":60317},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[14,60320,60321],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[14,60323,60324],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[26,60326,60327,60342,60347],{},[29,60328,153,60329,255,60333,16572,60337,60341],{},[372,60330,60331],{"href":56290},[18,60332,52173],{},[372,60334,60335],{"href":52865},[18,60336,52967],{},[372,60338,60339],{"href":53429},[18,60340,53789],{}," to add items later",[29,60343,153,60344,60346],{},[372,60345,58918],{"href":50499}," for a broader introduction",[29,60348,153,60349,60353],{},[372,60350,60351,59581],{"href":59578},[18,60352,24285],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[42,60355,1553],{"id":1552},[615,60357,60359],{"id":60358},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[14,60361,60362],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[47,60364,60365],{"className":49,"code":37811,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,60366,60367],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60368,60369],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60370,37811],{"class":66},[615,60372,60374],{"id":60373},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[14,60376,60377],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[47,60379,60380],{"className":49,"code":54671,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,60381,60382],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60383,60384,60386,60388,60390,60392,60394,60396],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60385,3366],{"class":66},[56,60387,1077],{"class":79},[56,60389,1080],{"class":66},[56,60391,1083],{"class":79},[56,60393,1080],{"class":66},[56,60395,529],{"class":79},[56,60397,3093],{"class":66},[615,60399,4615,60401,60403],{"id":60400},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[18,60402,24285],{}," do in Python?",[14,60405,60406,60407,60409],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[18,60408,35710],{},", into a list.",[615,60411,60413],{"id":60412},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[14,60415,60416],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[615,60418,4653,60420,3862,60422,571],{"id":60419},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[18,60421,3250],{},[18,60423,6846],{},[14,60425,60426,60428,60429,60431],{},[18,60427,3250],{}," creates a list. ",[18,60430,6846],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[42,60433,1601],{"id":1600},[26,60435,60436,60440,60446,60452,60458,60464,60468],{},[29,60437,60438],{},[372,60439,58918],{"href":50499},[29,60441,60442],{},[372,60443,55041,60444,10814],{"href":56290},[18,60445,52173],{},[29,60447,60448],{},[372,60449,55041,60450,10814],{"href":52865},[18,60451,52967],{},[29,60453,60454],{},[372,60455,55041,60456,10814],{"href":53429},[18,60457,53789],{},[29,60459,60460],{},[372,60461,3031,60462,3035],{"href":59578},[18,60463,24285],{},[29,60465,60466],{},[372,60467,58921],{"href":58016},[29,60469,60470],{},[372,60471,60472],{"href":11559},"Mutability in Python Explained",[14,60474,60475,60476,60478],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[18,60477,52173],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1633,60480,60481],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":60483},[60484,60485,60486,60487,60490,60491,60497,60498,60508,60509,60518],{"id":3064,"depth":86,"text":3065},{"id":14660,"depth":86,"text":14661},{"id":58813,"depth":86,"text":58814},{"id":58924,"depth":86,"text":58925,"children":60488},[60489],{"id":59126,"depth":102,"text":59127},{"id":59142,"depth":86,"text":59143},{"id":59339,"depth":86,"text":60492,"children":60493},"Create a list with list()",[60494,60495,60496],{"id":59364,"depth":102,"text":59365},{"id":59437,"depth":102,"text":59438},{"id":59502,"depth":102,"text":59503},{"id":59584,"depth":86,"text":59585},{"id":3987,"depth":86,"text":3988,"children":60499},[60500,60501,60503,60505,60506,60507],{"id":59721,"depth":102,"text":59722},{"id":59780,"depth":102,"text":60502},"Using () instead of []",{"id":59900,"depth":102,"text":60504},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60121,"depth":102,"text":60122},{"id":60206,"depth":102,"text":60207},{"id":60232,"depth":102,"text":60233},{"id":60317,"depth":86,"text":60318},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":60510},[60511,60512,60513,60515,60516],{"id":60358,"depth":102,"text":60359},{"id":60373,"depth":102,"text":60374},{"id":60400,"depth":102,"text":60514},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60412,"depth":102,"text":60413},{"id":60419,"depth":102,"text":60517},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58555,"description":60519},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60526,"title":60527,"body":60528,"description":62269,"extension":1665,"meta":62270,"navigation":316,"path":62271,"seo":62272,"stem":62273,"__hash__":62274},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60529,"toc":62224},[60530,60535,60540,60543,60545,60616,60621,60626,60630,60644,60649,60651,60671,60676,60679,60702,60706,60711,60803,60805,60827,60833,60839,60846,60853,60859,60916,60922,60980,60982,60994,61002,61008,61013,61017,61074,61077,61081,61140,61143,61147,61205,61217,61221,61274,61277,61281,61287,61293,61355,61358,61419,61422,61478,61483,61485,61489,61496,61557,61562,61571,61627,61634,61638,61696,61705,61763,61767,61802,61806,61816,61819,61874,61888,61891,62006,62011,62015,62026,62028,62107,62117,62119,62124,62129,62136,62144,62150,62153,62159,62162,62168,62174,62176,62212,62221],[10,60531,53863,60533,10814],{"id":60532},"python-list-extend-method",[18,60534,52967],{},[14,60536,60537,60539],{},[18,60538,52868],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[14,60541,60542],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[42,60544,45],{"id":44},[47,60546,60548],{"className":49,"code":60547,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,60549,60550,60566,60583,60587,60602,60612],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60551,60552,60554,60556,60558,60560,60562,60564],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60553,3075],{"class":284},[56,60555,288],{"class":75},[56,60557,3080],{"class":66},[56,60559,1077],{"class":79},[56,60561,1080],{"class":66},[56,60563,1083],{"class":79},[56,60565,3093],{"class":66},[56,60567,60568,60571,60573,60575,60577,60579,60581],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,60569,60570],{"class":284},"more_numbers ",[56,60572,288],{"class":75},[56,60574,3080],{"class":66},[56,60576,121],{"class":79},[56,60578,1080],{"class":66},[56,60580,535],{"class":79},[56,60582,3093],{"class":66},[56,60584,60585],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,60586,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,60588,60589,60591,60593,60595,60597,60600],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,60590,3107],{"class":284},[56,60592,497],{"class":66},[56,60594,52997],{"class":237},[56,60596,67],{"class":66},[56,60598,60599],{"class":237},"more_numbers",[56,60601,241],{"class":66},[56,60603,60604,60606,60608,60610],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,60605,63],{"class":62},[56,60607,67],{"class":66},[56,60609,3107],{"class":237},[56,60611,241],{"class":66},[56,60613,60614],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,60615,52244],{"class":3123},[14,60617,153,60618,60620],{},[18,60619,52967],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[42,60622,3138,60624,3141],{"id":60623},"what-listextend-does",[18,60625,52868],{},[14,60627,60628,971],{},[18,60629,52967],{},[26,60631,60632,60635,60637,60640],{},[29,60633,60634],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[29,60636,53949],{},[29,60638,60639],{},"Does not create a new list",[29,60641,10916,60642],{},[18,60643,3241],{},[14,60645,60646,60647,53322],{},"This is an important point: ",[18,60648,52967],{},[42,60650,220],{"id":219},[47,60652,60654],{"className":49,"code":60653,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[18,60655,60656],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60657,60658,60661,60663,60665,60667,60669],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60659,60660],{"class":284},"list_name",[56,60662,497],{"class":66},[56,60664,52997],{"class":237},[56,60666,67],{"class":66},[56,60668,3182],{"class":237},[56,60670,241],{"class":66},[14,60672,4927,60673,60675],{},[3205,60674,3182],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[14,60677,60678],{},"Common iterables include:",[26,60680,60681,60685,60689,60693,60698],{},[29,60682,60683],{},[18,60684,7577],{},[29,60686,60687],{},[18,60688,48472],{},[29,60690,60691],{},[18,60692,5764],{},[29,60694,60695],{},[18,60696,60697],{},"string",[29,60699,60700],{},[18,60701,59521],{},[42,60703,60705],{"id":60704},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[14,60707,60708,60709,971],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[18,60710,52967],{},[47,60712,60714],{"className":49,"code":60713,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[18,60715,60716,60740,60765,60769,60784,60788,60798],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60717,60718,60720,60722,60724,60726,60728,60730,60732,60734,60736,60738],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60719,35751],{"class":284},[56,60721,288],{"class":75},[56,60723,3080],{"class":66},[56,60725,938],{"class":937},[56,60727,3546],{"class":941},[56,60729,938],{"class":937},[56,60731,1080],{"class":66},[56,60733,1448],{"class":937},[56,60735,3555],{"class":941},[56,60737,938],{"class":937},[56,60739,3093],{"class":66},[56,60741,60742,60745,60747,60749,60751,60753,60755,60757,60759,60761,60763],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,60743,60744],{"class":284},"more_fruits ",[56,60746,288],{"class":75},[56,60748,3080],{"class":66},[56,60750,938],{"class":937},[56,60752,32729],{"class":941},[56,60754,938],{"class":937},[56,60756,1080],{"class":66},[56,60758,1448],{"class":937},[56,60760,22036],{"class":941},[56,60762,938],{"class":937},[56,60764,3093],{"class":66},[56,60766,60767],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,60768,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,60770,60771,60773,60775,60777,60779,60782],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,60772,35803],{"class":284},[56,60774,497],{"class":66},[56,60776,52997],{"class":237},[56,60778,67],{"class":66},[56,60780,60781],{"class":237},"more_fruits",[56,60783,241],{"class":66},[56,60785,60786],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,60787,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,60789,60790,60792,60794,60796],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,60791,63],{"class":62},[56,60793,67],{"class":66},[56,60795,35803],{"class":237},[56,60797,241],{"class":66},[56,60799,60800],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,60801,60802],{"class":3123},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[14,60804,11177],{},[26,60806,60807,60812,60817],{},[29,60808,60809,60811],{},[18,60810,35803],{}," starts with two items",[29,60813,60814,60816],{},[18,60815,60781],{}," has two more items",[29,60818,60819,60821,60822,60824,60825],{},[18,60820,52967],{}," adds each item from ",[18,60823,60781],{}," to ",[18,60826,35803],{},[14,60828,60829,60830,60832],{},"After the method runs, ",[18,60831,35803],{}," contains all four items.",[14,60834,54088,60835,3862,60837,497],{},[372,60836,52292],{"href":50499},[372,60838,56676],{"href":56675},[42,60840,60842,10075,60844],{"id":60841},"extend-vs-append",[18,60843,52967],{},[18,60845,52173],{},[14,60847,60848,3862,60850,60852],{},[18,60849,52967],{},[18,60851,52173],{}," are often confused.",[615,60854,60856,60858],{"id":60855},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[18,60857,52967],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[47,60860,60862],{"className":49,"code":60861,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,60863,60864,60880,60898,60902,60912],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60865,60866,60868,60870,60872,60874,60876,60878],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60867,3075],{"class":284},[56,60869,288],{"class":75},[56,60871,3080],{"class":66},[56,60873,1077],{"class":79},[56,60875,1080],{"class":66},[56,60877,1083],{"class":79},[56,60879,3093],{"class":66},[56,60881,60882,60884,60886,60888,60890,60892,60894,60896],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,60883,3107],{"class":284},[56,60885,497],{"class":66},[56,60887,52997],{"class":237},[56,60889,1074],{"class":66},[56,60891,121],{"class":79},[56,60893,1080],{"class":66},[56,60895,535],{"class":79},[56,60897,3354],{"class":66},[56,60899,60900],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,60901,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,60903,60904,60906,60908,60910],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,60905,63],{"class":62},[56,60907,67],{"class":66},[56,60909,3107],{"class":237},[56,60911,241],{"class":66},[56,60913,60914],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,60915,52244],{"class":3123},[615,60917,60919,60921],{"id":60918},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[18,60920,52173],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[47,60923,60925],{"className":49,"code":60924,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[18,60926,60927,60943,60961,60965,60975],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,60928,60929,60931,60933,60935,60937,60939,60941],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,60930,3075],{"class":284},[56,60932,288],{"class":75},[56,60934,3080],{"class":66},[56,60936,1077],{"class":79},[56,60938,1080],{"class":66},[56,60940,1083],{"class":79},[56,60942,3093],{"class":66},[56,60944,60945,60947,60949,60951,60953,60955,60957,60959],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,60946,3107],{"class":284},[56,60948,497],{"class":66},[56,60950,13050],{"class":237},[56,60952,1074],{"class":66},[56,60954,121],{"class":79},[56,60956,1080],{"class":66},[56,60958,535],{"class":79},[56,60960,3354],{"class":66},[56,60962,60963],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,60964,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,60966,60967,60969,60971,60973],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,60968,63],{"class":62},[56,60970,67],{"class":66},[56,60972,3107],{"class":237},[56,60974,241],{"class":66},[56,60976,60977],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,60978,60979],{"class":3123},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[14,60981,18196],{},[26,60983,60984,60989],{},[29,60985,60986,60988],{},[18,60987,52967],{}," to combine values",[29,60990,60991,60993],{},[18,60992,52173],{}," to add one item",[14,60995,41609,60996,3862,61000,497],{},[372,60997,55041,60998,10231],{"href":56290},[18,60999,52173],{},[372,61001,52570],{"href":52569},[42,61003,7902,61005,61007],{"id":61004},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[18,61006,52967],{}," with different iterables",[14,61009,61010,61012],{},[18,61011,52967],{}," works with more than just lists.",[615,61014,61016],{"id":61015},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[47,61018,61020],{"className":49,"code":61019,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,61021,61022,61038,61056,61060,61070],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61023,61024,61026,61028,61030,61032,61034,61036],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61025,3286],{"class":284},[56,61027,288],{"class":75},[56,61029,3080],{"class":66},[56,61031,1077],{"class":79},[56,61033,1080],{"class":66},[56,61035,1083],{"class":79},[56,61037,3093],{"class":66},[56,61039,61040,61042,61044,61046,61048,61050,61052,61054],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,61041,4833],{"class":284},[56,61043,497],{"class":66},[56,61045,52997],{"class":237},[56,61047,4986],{"class":66},[56,61049,121],{"class":79},[56,61051,1080],{"class":66},[56,61053,535],{"class":79},[56,61055,83],{"class":66},[56,61057,61058],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,61059,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,61061,61062,61064,61066,61068],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,61063,63],{"class":62},[56,61065,67],{"class":66},[56,61067,4833],{"class":237},[56,61069,241],{"class":66},[56,61071,61072],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,61073,52244],{"class":3123},[14,61075,61076],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[615,61078,61080],{"id":61079},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[47,61082,61084],{"className":49,"code":61083,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,61085,61086,61102,61121,61125,61135],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61087,61088,61090,61092,61094,61096,61098,61100],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61089,35602],{"class":284},[56,61091,288],{"class":75},[56,61093,3080],{"class":66},[56,61095,938],{"class":937},[56,61097,372],{"class":941},[56,61099,938],{"class":937},[56,61101,3093],{"class":66},[56,61103,61104,61106,61108,61110,61112,61114,61117,61119],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,61105,35655],{"class":284},[56,61107,497],{"class":66},[56,61109,52997],{"class":237},[56,61111,67],{"class":66},[56,61113,938],{"class":937},[56,61115,61116],{"class":941},"bc",[56,61118,938],{"class":937},[56,61120,241],{"class":66},[56,61122,61123],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,61124,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,61126,61127,61129,61131,61133],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,61128,63],{"class":62},[56,61130,67],{"class":66},[56,61132,35655],{"class":237},[56,61134,241],{"class":66},[56,61136,61137],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,61138,61139],{"class":3123},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[14,61141,61142],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[615,61144,61146],{"id":61145},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[47,61148,61150],{"className":49,"code":61149,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[18,61151,61152,61164,61186,61190,61200],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61153,61154,61156,61158,61160,61162],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61155,3075],{"class":284},[56,61157,288],{"class":75},[56,61159,3080],{"class":66},[56,61161,181],{"class":79},[56,61163,3093],{"class":66},[56,61165,61166,61168,61170,61172,61174,61176,61178,61180,61182,61184],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,61167,3107],{"class":284},[56,61169,497],{"class":66},[56,61171,52997],{"class":237},[56,61173,67],{"class":66},[56,61175,59521],{"class":62},[56,61177,67],{"class":66},[56,61179,1077],{"class":79},[56,61181,1080],{"class":66},[56,61183,535],{"class":79},[56,61185,83],{"class":66},[56,61187,61188],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,61189,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,61191,61192,61194,61196,61198],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,61193,63],{"class":62},[56,61195,67],{"class":66},[56,61197,3107],{"class":237},[56,61199,241],{"class":66},[56,61201,61202],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,61203,61204],{"class":3123},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[14,61206,61207,61210,61211,255,61213,16572,61215,497],{},[18,61208,61209],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[18,61212,1077],{},[18,61214,115],{},[18,61216,121],{},[615,61218,61220],{"id":61219},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[47,61222,61224],{"className":49,"code":61223,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,61225,61226,61242,61260,61264],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61227,61228,61230,61232,61234,61236,61238,61240],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61229,7261],{"class":284},[56,61231,288],{"class":75},[56,61233,3080],{"class":66},[56,61235,1077],{"class":79},[56,61237,1080],{"class":66},[56,61239,1083],{"class":79},[56,61241,3093],{"class":66},[56,61243,61244,61246,61248,61250,61252,61254,61256,61258],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,61245,7292],{"class":284},[56,61247,497],{"class":66},[56,61249,52997],{"class":237},[56,61251,5005],{"class":66},[56,61253,121],{"class":79},[56,61255,1080],{"class":66},[56,61257,535],{"class":79},[56,61259,30003],{"class":66},[56,61261,61262],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,61263,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,61265,61266,61268,61270,61272],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,61267,63],{"class":62},[56,61269,67],{"class":66},[56,61271,7292],{"class":237},[56,61273,241],{"class":66},[14,61275,61276],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[42,61278,61280],{"id":61279},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[14,61282,61283,473,61285,497],{},[18,61284,52967],{},[18,61286,3241],{},[14,61288,61289,61290,971],{},"That means this is ",[3205,61291,61292],{},"wrong",[47,61294,61296],{"className":49,"code":61295,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,61297,61298,61314,61336,61340,61350],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61299,61300,61302,61304,61306,61308,61310,61312],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61301,3075],{"class":284},[56,61303,288],{"class":75},[56,61305,3080],{"class":66},[56,61307,1077],{"class":79},[56,61309,1080],{"class":66},[56,61311,1083],{"class":79},[56,61313,3093],{"class":66},[56,61315,61316,61318,61320,61322,61324,61326,61328,61330,61332,61334],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,61317,299],{"class":284},[56,61319,288],{"class":75},[56,61321,3731],{"class":284},[56,61323,497],{"class":66},[56,61325,52997],{"class":237},[56,61327,1074],{"class":66},[56,61329,121],{"class":79},[56,61331,1080],{"class":66},[56,61333,535],{"class":79},[56,61335,3354],{"class":66},[56,61337,61338],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,61339,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,61341,61342,61344,61346,61348],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,61343,63],{"class":62},[56,61345,67],{"class":66},[56,61347,338],{"class":237},[56,61349,241],{"class":66},[56,61351,61352],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,61353,61354],{"class":3123},"# None\n",[14,61356,61357],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[47,61359,61361],{"className":49,"code":61360,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[18,61362,61363,61379,61401,61405,61415],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61364,61365,61367,61369,61371,61373,61375,61377],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61366,3075],{"class":284},[56,61368,288],{"class":75},[56,61370,3080],{"class":66},[56,61372,1077],{"class":79},[56,61374,1080],{"class":66},[56,61376,1083],{"class":79},[56,61378,3093],{"class":66},[56,61380,61381,61383,61385,61387,61389,61391,61393,61395,61397,61399],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,61382,3075],{"class":284},[56,61384,288],{"class":75},[56,61386,3731],{"class":284},[56,61388,497],{"class":66},[56,61390,52997],{"class":237},[56,61392,1074],{"class":66},[56,61394,121],{"class":79},[56,61396,1080],{"class":66},[56,61398,535],{"class":79},[56,61400,3354],{"class":66},[56,61402,61403],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,61404,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,61406,61407,61409,61411,61413],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,61408,63],{"class":62},[56,61410,67],{"class":66},[56,61412,3107],{"class":237},[56,61414,241],{"class":66},[56,61416,61417],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,61418,61354],{"class":3123},[14,61420,61421],{},"The correct way is:",[47,61423,61424],{"className":49,"code":60861,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,61425,61426,61442,61460,61464,61474],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61427,61428,61430,61432,61434,61436,61438,61440],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61429,3075],{"class":284},[56,61431,288],{"class":75},[56,61433,3080],{"class":66},[56,61435,1077],{"class":79},[56,61437,1080],{"class":66},[56,61439,1083],{"class":79},[56,61441,3093],{"class":66},[56,61443,61444,61446,61448,61450,61452,61454,61456,61458],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,61445,3107],{"class":284},[56,61447,497],{"class":66},[56,61449,52997],{"class":237},[56,61451,1074],{"class":66},[56,61453,121],{"class":79},[56,61455,1080],{"class":66},[56,61457,535],{"class":79},[56,61459,3354],{"class":66},[56,61461,61462],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,61463,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,61465,61466,61468,61470,61472],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,61467,63],{"class":62},[56,61469,67],{"class":66},[56,61471,3107],{"class":237},[56,61473,241],{"class":66},[56,61475,61476],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,61477,52244],{"class":3123},[14,61479,55430,61480,61482],{},[18,61481,52967],{}," first, then use the original list.",[42,61484,3988],{"id":3987},[14,61486,14231,61487,497],{},[18,61488,52967],{},[615,61490,61492,61493,61495],{"id":61491},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[18,61494,52967],{}," to return a new list",[47,61497,61499],{"className":49,"code":61498,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[18,61500,61501,61517,61539,61543,61553],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61502,61503,61505,61507,61509,61511,61513,61515],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61504,3075],{"class":284},[56,61506,288],{"class":75},[56,61508,3080],{"class":66},[56,61510,1077],{"class":79},[56,61512,1080],{"class":66},[56,61514,1083],{"class":79},[56,61516,3093],{"class":66},[56,61518,61519,61521,61523,61525,61527,61529,61531,61533,61535,61537],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,61520,55163],{"class":284},[56,61522,288],{"class":75},[56,61524,3731],{"class":284},[56,61526,497],{"class":66},[56,61528,52997],{"class":237},[56,61530,1074],{"class":66},[56,61532,121],{"class":79},[56,61534,1080],{"class":66},[56,61536,535],{"class":79},[56,61538,3354],{"class":66},[56,61540,61541],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,61542,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,61544,61545,61547,61549,61551],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,61546,63],{"class":62},[56,61548,67],{"class":66},[56,61550,55182],{"class":237},[56,61552,241],{"class":66},[56,61554,61555],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,61556,61354],{"class":3123},[14,61558,61559,61560,497],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[18,61561,52967],{},[615,61563,61565,61566,44147,61568,61570],{"id":61564},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[18,61567,52173],{},[18,61569,52967],{}," is needed",[47,61572,61573],{"className":49,"code":60924,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,61574,61575,61591,61609,61613,61623],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61576,61577,61579,61581,61583,61585,61587,61589],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61578,3075],{"class":284},[56,61580,288],{"class":75},[56,61582,3080],{"class":66},[56,61584,1077],{"class":79},[56,61586,1080],{"class":66},[56,61588,1083],{"class":79},[56,61590,3093],{"class":66},[56,61592,61593,61595,61597,61599,61601,61603,61605,61607],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,61594,3107],{"class":284},[56,61596,497],{"class":66},[56,61598,13050],{"class":237},[56,61600,1074],{"class":66},[56,61602,121],{"class":79},[56,61604,1080],{"class":66},[56,61606,535],{"class":79},[56,61608,3354],{"class":66},[56,61610,61611],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,61612,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,61614,61615,61617,61619,61621],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,61616,63],{"class":62},[56,61618,67],{"class":66},[56,61620,3107],{"class":237},[56,61622,241],{"class":66},[56,61624,61625],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,61626,60979],{"class":3123},[14,61628,61629,61630,53412,61632,6110],{},"If you wanted ",[18,61631,53411],{},[18,61633,52967],{},[615,61635,61637],{"id":61636},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[47,61639,61641],{"className":49,"code":61640,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[18,61642,61643,61659,61677,61681,61691],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61644,61645,61647,61649,61651,61653,61655,61657],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61646,3537],{"class":284},[56,61648,288],{"class":75},[56,61650,3080],{"class":66},[56,61652,938],{"class":937},[56,61654,3309],{"class":941},[56,61656,938],{"class":937},[56,61658,3093],{"class":66},[56,61660,61661,61663,61665,61667,61669,61671,61673,61675],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,61662,3581],{"class":284},[56,61664,497],{"class":66},[56,61666,52997],{"class":237},[56,61668,67],{"class":66},[56,61670,938],{"class":937},[56,61672,60114],{"class":941},[56,61674,938],{"class":937},[56,61676,241],{"class":66},[56,61678,61679],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,61680,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,61682,61683,61685,61687,61689],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,61684,63],{"class":62},[56,61686,67],{"class":66},[56,61688,3581],{"class":237},[56,61690,241],{"class":66},[56,61692,61693],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,61694,61695],{"class":3123},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[14,61697,61698,61699,61702,61703,971],{},"If you want ",[18,61700,61701],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[18,61704,52173],{},[47,61706,61708],{"className":49,"code":61707,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[18,61709,61710,61726,61744,61748,61758],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61711,61712,61714,61716,61718,61720,61722,61724],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61713,3537],{"class":284},[56,61715,288],{"class":75},[56,61717,3080],{"class":66},[56,61719,938],{"class":937},[56,61721,3309],{"class":941},[56,61723,938],{"class":937},[56,61725,3093],{"class":66},[56,61727,61728,61730,61732,61734,61736,61738,61740,61742],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,61729,3581],{"class":284},[56,61731,497],{"class":66},[56,61733,13050],{"class":237},[56,61735,67],{"class":66},[56,61737,938],{"class":937},[56,61739,60114],{"class":941},[56,61741,938],{"class":937},[56,61743,241],{"class":66},[56,61745,61746],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,61747,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,61749,61750,61752,61754,61756],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,61751,63],{"class":62},[56,61753,67],{"class":66},[56,61755,3581],{"class":237},[56,61757,241],{"class":66},[56,61759,61760],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,61761,61762],{"class":3123},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[615,61764,61766],{"id":61765},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[47,61768,61770],{"className":49,"code":61769,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[18,61771,61772,61788],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61773,61774,61776,61778,61780,61782,61784,61786],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61775,3075],{"class":284},[56,61777,288],{"class":75},[56,61779,3080],{"class":66},[56,61781,1077],{"class":79},[56,61783,1080],{"class":66},[56,61785,1083],{"class":79},[56,61787,3093],{"class":66},[56,61789,61790,61792,61794,61796,61798,61800],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,61791,3107],{"class":284},[56,61793,497],{"class":66},[56,61795,52997],{"class":237},[56,61797,67],{"class":66},[56,61799,198],{"class":79},[56,61801,241],{"class":66},[14,61803,39168,61804,6030],{},[18,61805,198],{},[14,61807,61808,61809,61811,61812,61815],{},"You will get a ",[18,61810,1096],{},". See ",[372,61813,61814],{"href":52120},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[14,61817,61818],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[47,61820,61822],{"className":49,"code":61821,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[18,61823,61824,61834,61848,61860],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61825,61826,61828,61830,61832],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61827,63],{"class":62},[56,61829,67],{"class":66},[56,61831,7823],{"class":237},[56,61833,241],{"class":66},[56,61835,61836,61838,61840,61842,61844,61846],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,61837,63],{"class":62},[56,61839,67],{"class":66},[56,61841,1314],{"class":989},[56,61843,67],{"class":66},[56,61845,4833],{"class":237},[56,61847,83],{"class":66},[56,61849,61850,61852,61854,61856,61858],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,61851,63],{"class":62},[56,61853,67],{"class":66},[56,61855,338],{"class":237},[56,61857,3120],{"class":66},[56,61859,241],{"class":284},[56,61861,61862,61864,61866,61868,61870,61872],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,61863,31660],{"class":62},[56,61865,67],{"class":66},[56,61867,7577],{"class":989},[56,61869,497],{"class":66},[56,61871,52997],{"class":24254},[56,61873,241],{"class":66},[43097,61875,61876],{},[14,61877,61878,61879,61882,61883,61885,61886,497],{},"Note: ",[18,61880,61881],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[18,61884,3120],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[18,61887,32535],{},[14,61889,61890],{},"Correct debugging example:",[47,61892,61894],{"className":49,"code":61893,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[18,61895,61896,61912,61928,61932,61946,61950,61958,61968,61982,61992],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,61897,61898,61900,61902,61904,61906,61908,61910],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,61899,7792],{"class":284},[56,61901,288],{"class":75},[56,61903,3080],{"class":66},[56,61905,1077],{"class":79},[56,61907,1080],{"class":66},[56,61909,1083],{"class":79},[56,61911,3093],{"class":66},[56,61913,61914,61916,61918,61920,61922,61924,61926],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,61915,3286],{"class":284},[56,61917,288],{"class":75},[56,61919,3080],{"class":66},[56,61921,121],{"class":79},[56,61923,1080],{"class":66},[56,61925,535],{"class":79},[56,61927,3093],{"class":66},[56,61929,61930],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,61931,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,61933,61934,61936,61938,61940,61942,61944],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,61935,7823],{"class":284},[56,61937,497],{"class":66},[56,61939,52997],{"class":237},[56,61941,67],{"class":66},[56,61943,4833],{"class":237},[56,61945,241],{"class":66},[56,61947,61948],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,61949,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,61951,61952,61954,61956],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,61953,299],{"class":284},[56,61955,288],{"class":75},[56,61957,48046],{"class":3316},[56,61959,61960,61962,61964,61966],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,61961,63],{"class":62},[56,61963,67],{"class":66},[56,61965,7823],{"class":237},[56,61967,241],{"class":66},[56,61969,61970,61972,61974,61976,61978,61980],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,61971,63],{"class":62},[56,61973,67],{"class":66},[56,61975,1314],{"class":989},[56,61977,67],{"class":66},[56,61979,4833],{"class":237},[56,61981,83],{"class":66},[56,61983,61984,61986,61988,61990],{"class":58,"line":5910},[56,61985,63],{"class":62},[56,61987,67],{"class":66},[56,61989,338],{"class":237},[56,61991,241],{"class":66},[56,61993,61994,61996,61998,62000,62002,62004],{"class":58,"line":5915},[56,61995,31660],{"class":62},[56,61997,67],{"class":66},[56,61999,7577],{"class":989},[56,62001,497],{"class":66},[56,62003,52997],{"class":24254},[56,62005,241],{"class":66},[42,62007,4433,62009],{"id":62008},"when-to-use-extend",[18,62010,52967],{},[14,62012,153,62013,5795],{},[18,62014,52967],{},[26,62016,62017,62020,62023],{},[29,62018,62019],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[29,62021,62022],{},"Add multiple values at once",[29,62024,62025],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[14,62027,4947],{},[47,62029,62031],{"className":49,"code":62030,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[18,62032,62033,62050,62068,62072,62088,62092,62102],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62034,62035,62038,62040,62042,62044,62046,62048],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62036,62037],{"class":284},"all_scores ",[56,62039,288],{"class":75},[56,62041,3080],{"class":66},[56,62043,12999],{"class":79},[56,62045,1080],{"class":66},[56,62047,13004],{"class":79},[56,62049,3093],{"class":66},[56,62051,62052,62055,62057,62059,62061,62063,62066],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,62053,62054],{"class":284},"new_scores ",[56,62056,288],{"class":75},[56,62058,3080],{"class":66},[56,62060,51025],{"class":79},[56,62062,1080],{"class":66},[56,62064,62065],{"class":79}," 92",[56,62067,3093],{"class":66},[56,62069,62070],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,62071,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,62073,62074,62077,62079,62081,62083,62086],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,62075,62076],{"class":284},"all_scores",[56,62078,497],{"class":66},[56,62080,52997],{"class":237},[56,62082,67],{"class":66},[56,62084,62085],{"class":237},"new_scores",[56,62087,241],{"class":66},[56,62089,62090],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,62091,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,62093,62094,62096,62098,62100],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,62095,63],{"class":62},[56,62097,67],{"class":66},[56,62099,62076],{"class":237},[56,62101,241],{"class":66},[56,62103,62104],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,62105,62106],{"class":3123},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[14,62108,62109,62110,62112,62113,497],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[18,62111,52173],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[372,62114,55041,62115,10231],{"href":53429},[18,62116,53789],{},[42,62118,1553],{"id":1552},[615,62120,12199,62122,54990],{"id":62121},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[18,62123,52868],{},[14,62125,62126,62127,497],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[18,62128,3241],{},[615,62130,4653,62132,3862,62134,571],{"id":62131},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[18,62133,52967],{},[18,62135,52173],{},[14,62137,62138,62140,62141,62143],{},[18,62139,52967],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[18,62142,52173],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[615,62145,27834,62147,62149],{"id":62146},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[18,62148,52967],{}," with a string?",[14,62151,62152],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[615,62154,27834,62156,62158],{"id":62155},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[18,62157,52967],{}," with a tuple?",[14,62160,62161],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[615,62163,62165,62166,571],{"id":62164},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[18,62167,52967],{},[14,62169,62170,62171,62173],{},"You get a ",[18,62172,1096],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[42,62175,1601],{"id":1600},[26,62177,62178,62184,62188,62192,62196,62202,62206],{},[29,62179,62180],{},[372,62181,55041,62182,10231],{"href":56290},[18,62183,52173],{},[29,62185,62186],{},[372,62187,53799],{"href":52569},[29,62189,62190],{},[372,62191,56750],{"href":56675},[29,62193,62194],{},[372,62195,52292],{"href":50499},[29,62197,62198],{},[372,62199,55041,62200,10231],{"href":53429},[18,62201,53789],{},[29,62203,62204],{},[372,62205,61814],{"href":52120},[29,62207,62208],{},[372,62209,55041,62210,10231],{"href":54481},[18,62211,12272],{},[14,62213,62214,62215,62217,62218,62220],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[18,62216,52173],{},", when to use ",[18,62219,53789],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1633,62222,62223],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":62225},[62226,62227,62229,62230,62231,62238,62245,62246,62254,62256,62268],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":60623,"depth":86,"text":62228},"What list.extend() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":60704,"depth":86,"text":60705},{"id":60841,"depth":86,"text":62232,"children":62233},"extend() vs append()",[62234,62236],{"id":60855,"depth":102,"text":62235},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":60918,"depth":102,"text":62237},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61004,"depth":86,"text":62239,"children":62240},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62241,62242,62243,62244],{"id":61015,"depth":102,"text":61016},{"id":61079,"depth":102,"text":61080},{"id":61145,"depth":102,"text":61146},{"id":61219,"depth":102,"text":61220},{"id":61279,"depth":86,"text":61280},{"id":3987,"depth":86,"text":3988,"children":62247},[62248,62250,62252,62253],{"id":61491,"depth":102,"text":62249},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61564,"depth":102,"text":62251},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61636,"depth":102,"text":61637},{"id":61765,"depth":102,"text":61766},{"id":62008,"depth":86,"text":62255},"When to use extend()",{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":62257},[62258,62260,62262,62264,62266],{"id":62121,"depth":102,"text":62259},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62131,"depth":102,"text":62261},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62146,"depth":102,"text":62263},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62155,"depth":102,"text":62265},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62164,"depth":102,"text":62267},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60527,"description":62269},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62276,"title":62277,"body":62278,"description":64369,"extension":1665,"meta":64370,"navigation":316,"path":64371,"seo":64372,"stem":64373,"__hash__":64374},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62279,"toc":64332},[62280,62283,62288,62294,62305,62311,62313,62382,62384,62433,62441,62445,62450,62453,62464,62469,62471,62473,62494,62507,62510,62523,62525,62530,62555,62557,62565,62568,62637,62639,62663,62669,62673,62677,62713,62715,62735,62742,62746,62779,62781,62815,62820,62824,62857,62859,62887,62895,62899,62936,62938,62959,62962,62966,63035,63037,63061,63067,63074,63078,63081,63083,63097,63100,63124,63126,63151,63154,63173,63175,63201,63210,63214,63221,63298,63300,63341,63347,63353,63444,63446,63502,63505,63510,63514,63519,63523,63582,63584,63609,63613,63676,63678,63703,63707,63770,63772,63815,63818,63822,63826,63848,63852,63934,63936,63971,63979,63981,63985,63989,63991,64018,64023,64025,64052,64059,64062,64085,64087,64136,64139,64142,64161,64165,64168,64219,64222,64228,64232,64237,64240,64242,64248,64257,64261,64267,64271,64274,64278,64281,64285,64291,64293,64329],[10,62281,62277],{"id":62282},"python-list-function-explained",[14,62284,8610,62285,62287],{},[18,62286,24285],{}," function creates a new list.",[14,62289,62290,62291,62293],{},"Beginners usually use ",[18,62292,24285],{}," for two main reasons:",[26,62295,62296,62299],{},[29,62297,62298],{},"to make an empty list",[29,62300,62301,62302,62304],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[18,62303,59521],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[14,62306,62307,62308,62310],{},"This page explains how ",[18,62309,24285],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[42,62312,45],{"id":44},[47,62314,62316],{"className":49,"code":62315,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,62317,62318,62340,62358,62362,62372],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62319,62320,62322,62324,62326,62328,62330,62332,62334,62336,62338],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62321,3075],{"class":284},[56,62323,288],{"class":75},[56,62325,22063],{"class":989},[56,62327,4986],{"class":66},[56,62329,1077],{"class":79},[56,62331,1080],{"class":66},[56,62333,1083],{"class":79},[56,62335,1080],{"class":66},[56,62337,529],{"class":79},[56,62339,83],{"class":66},[56,62341,62342,62344,62346,62348,62350,62352,62354,62356],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,62343,35602],{"class":284},[56,62345,288],{"class":75},[56,62347,22063],{"class":989},[56,62349,67],{"class":66},[56,62351,938],{"class":937},[56,62353,41076],{"class":941},[56,62355,938],{"class":937},[56,62357,241],{"class":66},[56,62359,62360],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,62361,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,62363,62364,62366,62368,62370],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,62365,63],{"class":62},[56,62367,67],{"class":66},[56,62369,3107],{"class":237},[56,62371,241],{"class":66},[56,62373,62374,62376,62378,62380],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,62375,63],{"class":62},[56,62377,67],{"class":66},[56,62379,35655],{"class":237},[56,62381,241],{"class":66},[14,62383,130],{},[47,62385,62387],{"className":49,"code":62386,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[18,62388,62389,62405],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62390,62391,62393,62395,62397,62399,62401,62403],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62392,3366],{"class":66},[56,62394,1077],{"class":79},[56,62396,1080],{"class":66},[56,62398,1083],{"class":79},[56,62400,1080],{"class":66},[56,62402,529],{"class":79},[56,62404,3093],{"class":66},[56,62406,62407,62409,62411,62413,62415,62417,62419,62421,62423,62425,62427,62429,62431],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,62408,3366],{"class":66},[56,62410,1394],{"class":937},[56,62412,372],{"class":941},[56,62414,1394],{"class":937},[56,62416,1080],{"class":66},[56,62418,1389],{"class":937},[56,62420,4232],{"class":941},[56,62422,1394],{"class":937},[56,62424,1080],{"class":66},[56,62426,1389],{"class":937},[56,62428,9228],{"class":941},[56,62430,1394],{"class":937},[56,62432,3093],{"class":66},[14,62434,153,62435,62437,62438,62440],{},[18,62436,24285],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[18,62439,59521],{},", set, or dictionary.",[42,62442,62444],{"id":62443},"what-list-does","What list() does",[14,62446,62447,62449],{},[18,62448,24285],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[14,62451,62452],{},"It can:",[26,62454,62455,62458,62461],{},[29,62456,62457],{},"create a new list object",[29,62459,62460],{},"make an empty list",[29,62462,62463],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[14,62465,62466,62467,497],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[372,62468,52292],{"href":50499},[42,62470,220],{"id":219},[14,62472,25992],{},[47,62474,62476],{"className":49,"code":62475,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[18,62477,62478,62484],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62479,62480,62482],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62481,7577],{"class":989},[56,62483,8129],{"class":66},[56,62485,62486,62488,62490,62492],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,62487,7577],{"class":989},[56,62489,67],{"class":66},[56,62491,3182],{"class":237},[56,62493,241],{"class":66},[26,62495,62496,62501],{},[29,62497,62498,62500],{},[18,62499,24285],{}," makes an empty list",[29,62502,62503,62506],{},[18,62504,62505],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[14,62508,62509],{},"Common iterable values include:",[26,62511,62512,62514,62516,62518,62521],{},[29,62513,4783],{},[29,62515,4777],{},[29,62517,4780],{},[29,62519,62520],{},"ranges",[29,62522,6731],{},[42,62524,59143],{"id":59142},[14,62526,153,62527,62529],{},[18,62528,24285],{}," with no arguments:",[47,62531,62533],{"className":49,"code":62532,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[18,62534,62535,62545],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62536,62537,62539,62541,62543],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62538,7261],{"class":284},[56,62540,288],{"class":75},[56,62542,22063],{"class":989},[56,62544,8129],{"class":66},[56,62546,62547,62549,62551,62553],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,62548,63],{"class":62},[56,62550,67],{"class":66},[56,62552,7292],{"class":237},[56,62554,241],{"class":66},[14,62556,130],{},[47,62558,62559],{"className":49,"code":37811,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,62560,62561],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62562,62563],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62564,37811],{"class":66},[14,62566,62567],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[47,62569,62571],{"className":49,"code":62570,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,62572,62573,62583,62587,62605,62623,62627],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62574,62575,62577,62579,62581],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62576,7261],{"class":284},[56,62578,288],{"class":75},[56,62580,22063],{"class":989},[56,62582,8129],{"class":66},[56,62584,62585],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,62586,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,62588,62589,62591,62593,62595,62597,62599,62601,62603],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,62590,7292],{"class":284},[56,62592,497],{"class":66},[56,62594,13050],{"class":237},[56,62596,67],{"class":66},[56,62598,938],{"class":937},[56,62600,3546],{"class":941},[56,62602,938],{"class":937},[56,62604,241],{"class":66},[56,62606,62607,62609,62611,62613,62615,62617,62619,62621],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,62608,7292],{"class":284},[56,62610,497],{"class":66},[56,62612,13050],{"class":237},[56,62614,67],{"class":66},[56,62616,938],{"class":937},[56,62618,3555],{"class":941},[56,62620,938],{"class":937},[56,62622,241],{"class":66},[56,62624,62625],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,62626,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,62628,62629,62631,62633,62635],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,62630,63],{"class":62},[56,62632,67],{"class":66},[56,62634,7292],{"class":237},[56,62636,241],{"class":66},[14,62638,130],{},[47,62640,62641],{"className":49,"code":37937,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,62642,62643],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62644,62645,62647,62649,62651,62653,62655,62657,62659,62661],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62646,3366],{"class":66},[56,62648,1394],{"class":937},[56,62650,3546],{"class":941},[56,62652,1394],{"class":937},[56,62654,1080],{"class":66},[56,62656,1389],{"class":937},[56,62658,3555],{"class":941},[56,62660,1394],{"class":937},[56,62662,3093],{"class":66},[14,62664,62665,62666,62668],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[18,62667,3250],{},". Both are valid.",[42,62670,62672],{"id":62671},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[615,62674,62676],{"id":62675},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[47,62678,62679],{"className":49,"code":59441,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,62680,62681,62703],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62682,62683,62685,62687,62689,62691,62693,62695,62697,62699,62701],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62684,3075],{"class":284},[56,62686,288],{"class":75},[56,62688,22063],{"class":989},[56,62690,4986],{"class":66},[56,62692,1077],{"class":79},[56,62694,1080],{"class":66},[56,62696,1083],{"class":79},[56,62698,1080],{"class":66},[56,62700,529],{"class":79},[56,62702,83],{"class":66},[56,62704,62705,62707,62709,62711],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,62706,63],{"class":62},[56,62708,67],{"class":66},[56,62710,3107],{"class":237},[56,62712,241],{"class":66},[14,62714,130],{},[47,62716,62717],{"className":49,"code":54671,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,62718,62719],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62720,62721,62723,62725,62727,62729,62731,62733],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62722,3366],{"class":66},[56,62724,1077],{"class":79},[56,62726,1080],{"class":66},[56,62728,1083],{"class":79},[56,62730,1080],{"class":66},[56,62732,529],{"class":79},[56,62734,3093],{"class":66},[14,62736,62737,62738,497],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[372,62739,62741],{"href":62740},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[615,62743,62745],{"id":62744},"string-to-list","String to list",[47,62747,62749],{"className":49,"code":62748,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,62750,62751,62769],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62752,62753,62755,62757,62759,62761,62763,62765,62767],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62754,35602],{"class":284},[56,62756,288],{"class":75},[56,62758,22063],{"class":989},[56,62760,67],{"class":66},[56,62762,938],{"class":937},[56,62764,36560],{"class":941},[56,62766,938],{"class":937},[56,62768,241],{"class":66},[56,62770,62771,62773,62775,62777],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,62772,63],{"class":62},[56,62774,67],{"class":66},[56,62776,35655],{"class":237},[56,62778,241],{"class":66},[14,62780,130],{},[47,62782,62784],{"className":49,"code":62783,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[18,62785,62786],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62787,62788,62790,62792,62794,62796,62798,62800,62802,62804,62806,62808,62811,62813],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62789,3366],{"class":66},[56,62791,1394],{"class":937},[56,62793,9228],{"class":941},[56,62795,1394],{"class":937},[56,62797,1080],{"class":66},[56,62799,1389],{"class":937},[56,62801,372],{"class":941},[56,62803,1394],{"class":937},[56,62805,1080],{"class":66},[56,62807,1389],{"class":937},[56,62809,62810],{"class":941},"t",[56,62812,1394],{"class":937},[56,62814,3093],{"class":66},[14,62816,62817,62819],{},[18,62818,24285],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[615,62821,62823],{"id":62822},"range-to-list","Range to list",[47,62825,62827],{"className":49,"code":62826,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,62828,62829,62847],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62830,62831,62833,62835,62837,62839,62841,62843,62845],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62832,3075],{"class":284},[56,62834,288],{"class":75},[56,62836,22063],{"class":989},[56,62838,67],{"class":66},[56,62840,59521],{"class":62},[56,62842,67],{"class":66},[56,62844,198],{"class":79},[56,62846,83],{"class":66},[56,62848,62849,62851,62853,62855],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,62850,63],{"class":62},[56,62852,67],{"class":66},[56,62854,3107],{"class":237},[56,62856,241],{"class":66},[14,62858,130],{},[47,62860,62861],{"className":49,"code":59544,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,62862,62863],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62864,62865,62867,62869,62871,62873,62875,62877,62879,62881,62883,62885],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62866,3366],{"class":66},[56,62868,181],{"class":79},[56,62870,1080],{"class":66},[56,62872,4973],{"class":79},[56,62874,1080],{"class":66},[56,62876,1083],{"class":79},[56,62878,1080],{"class":66},[56,62880,529],{"class":79},[56,62882,1080],{"class":66},[56,62884,535],{"class":79},[56,62886,3093],{"class":66},[14,62888,62889,62890,62894],{},"This is common when working with ",[372,62891,62892],{"href":35707},[18,62893,35710],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[615,62896,62898],{"id":62897},"set-to-list","Set to list",[47,62900,62902],{"className":49,"code":62901,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[18,62903,62904,62926],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62905,62906,62908,62910,62912,62914,62916,62918,62920,62922,62924],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62907,3286],{"class":284},[56,62909,288],{"class":75},[56,62911,22063],{"class":989},[56,62913,5005],{"class":66},[56,62915,406],{"class":79},[56,62917,1080],{"class":66},[56,62919,7272],{"class":79},[56,62921,1080],{"class":66},[56,62923,7277],{"class":79},[56,62925,30003],{"class":66},[56,62927,62928,62930,62932,62934],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,62929,63],{"class":62},[56,62931,67],{"class":66},[56,62933,4833],{"class":237},[56,62935,241],{"class":66},[14,62937,16458],{},[47,62939,62941],{"className":49,"code":62940,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,62942,62943],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62944,62945,62947,62949,62951,62953,62955,62957],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62946,3366],{"class":66},[56,62948,406],{"class":79},[56,62950,1080],{"class":66},[56,62952,7272],{"class":79},[56,62954,1080],{"class":66},[56,62956,7277],{"class":79},[56,62958,3093],{"class":66},[14,62960,62961],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[615,62963,62965],{"id":62964},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[47,62967,62969],{"className":49,"code":62968,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,62970,62971,63007,63021,63025],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,62972,62973,62975,62977,62979,62981,62983,62985,62987,62989,62991,62993,62995,62997,62999,63001,63003,63005],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,62974,12701],{"class":284},[56,62976,288],{"class":75},[56,62978,9980],{"class":66},[56,62980,938],{"class":937},[56,62982,7149],{"class":941},[56,62984,938],{"class":937},[56,62986,971],{"class":66},[56,62988,1448],{"class":937},[56,62990,12376],{"class":941},[56,62992,938],{"class":937},[56,62994,1080],{"class":66},[56,62996,1448],{"class":937},[56,62998,8787],{"class":941},[56,63000,938],{"class":937},[56,63002,971],{"class":66},[56,63004,8794],{"class":79},[56,63006,8797],{"class":66},[56,63008,63009,63011,63013,63015,63017,63019],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,63010,299],{"class":284},[56,63012,288],{"class":75},[56,63014,22063],{"class":989},[56,63016,67],{"class":66},[56,63018,16807],{"class":237},[56,63020,241],{"class":66},[56,63022,63023],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,63024,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,63026,63027,63029,63031,63033],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,63028,63],{"class":62},[56,63030,67],{"class":66},[56,63032,338],{"class":237},[56,63034,241],{"class":66},[14,63036,130],{},[47,63038,63039],{"className":49,"code":24985,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,63040,63041],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63042,63043,63045,63047,63049,63051,63053,63055,63057,63059],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63044,3366],{"class":66},[56,63046,1394],{"class":937},[56,63048,7149],{"class":941},[56,63050,1394],{"class":937},[56,63052,1080],{"class":66},[56,63054,1389],{"class":937},[56,63056,8787],{"class":941},[56,63058,1394],{"class":937},[56,63060,3093],{"class":66},[14,63062,63063,63064,63066],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[18,63065,24285],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[14,63068,63069,63070,497],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[372,63071,63073],{"href":63072},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[42,63075,63077],{"id":63076},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[14,63079,63080],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[14,63082,60678],{},[26,63084,63085,63087,63089,63091,63093,63095],{},[29,63086,4774],{},[29,63088,4777],{},[29,63090,4783],{},[29,63092,4780],{},[29,63094,62520],{},[29,63096,6731],{},[14,63098,63099],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[47,63101,63103],{"className":49,"code":63102,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[18,63104,63105],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63106,63107,63109,63111,63113,63115,63117,63120,63122],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63108,63],{"class":62},[56,63110,67],{"class":66},[56,63112,7577],{"class":989},[56,63114,67],{"class":66},[56,63116,938],{"class":937},[56,63118,63119],{"class":941},"hi",[56,63121,938],{"class":937},[56,63123,83],{"class":66},[14,63125,130],{},[47,63127,63129],{"className":49,"code":63128,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['h', 'i']\n",[18,63130,63131],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63132,63133,63135,63137,63139,63141,63143,63145,63147,63149],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63134,3366],{"class":66},[56,63136,1394],{"class":937},[56,63138,59961],{"class":941},[56,63140,1394],{"class":937},[56,63142,1080],{"class":66},[56,63144,1389],{"class":937},[56,63146,35666],{"class":941},[56,63148,1394],{"class":937},[56,63150,3093],{"class":66},[14,63152,63153],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[47,63155,63157],{"className":49,"code":63156,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(5))\n",[18,63158,63159],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63160,63161,63163,63165,63167,63169,63171],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63162,63],{"class":62},[56,63164,67],{"class":66},[56,63166,7577],{"class":989},[56,63168,67],{"class":66},[56,63170,198],{"class":79},[56,63172,83],{"class":66},[14,63174,130],{},[47,63176,63178],{"className":49,"code":63177,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[18,63179,63180],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63181,63182,63184,63186,63188,63190,63192,63194,63196,63198],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63183,1096],{"class":989},[56,63185,971],{"class":66},[56,63187,1389],{"class":937},[56,63189,254],{"class":941},[56,63191,1394],{"class":937},[56,63193,24121],{"class":989},[56,63195,7580],{"class":75},[56,63197,7583],{"class":75},[56,63199,63200],{"class":284}," iterable\n",[14,63202,63203,63204,63206,63207,497],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[372,63205,4609],{"href":5062},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[372,63208,63209],{"href":52120},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[42,63211,63213],{"id":63212},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[14,63215,63216,63217,63220],{},"If you already have a list, ",[18,63218,63219],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[47,63222,63224],{"className":49,"code":63223,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[18,63225,63226,63246,63260,63264,63274,63284],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63227,63228,63230,63232,63234,63236,63238,63240,63242,63244],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63229,11580],{"class":284},[56,63231,288],{"class":75},[56,63233,3080],{"class":66},[56,63235,1077],{"class":79},[56,63237,1080],{"class":66},[56,63239,1083],{"class":79},[56,63241,1080],{"class":66},[56,63243,529],{"class":79},[56,63245,3093],{"class":66},[56,63247,63248,63250,63252,63254,63256,63258],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,63249,13809],{"class":284},[56,63251,288],{"class":75},[56,63253,22063],{"class":989},[56,63255,67],{"class":66},[56,63257,11627],{"class":237},[56,63259,241],{"class":66},[56,63261,63262],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,63263,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,63265,63266,63268,63270,63272],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,63267,63],{"class":62},[56,63269,67],{"class":66},[56,63271,11627],{"class":237},[56,63273,241],{"class":66},[56,63275,63276,63278,63280,63282],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,63277,63],{"class":62},[56,63279,67],{"class":66},[56,63281,13828],{"class":237},[56,63283,241],{"class":66},[56,63285,63286,63288,63290,63292,63294,63296],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,63287,63],{"class":62},[56,63289,67],{"class":66},[56,63291,11580],{"class":237},[56,63293,11688],{"class":3341},[56,63295,13882],{"class":237},[56,63297,241],{"class":66},[14,63299,130],{},[47,63301,63303],{"className":49,"code":63302,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[18,63304,63305,63321,63337],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63306,63307,63309,63311,63313,63315,63317,63319],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63308,3366],{"class":66},[56,63310,1077],{"class":79},[56,63312,1080],{"class":66},[56,63314,1083],{"class":79},[56,63316,1080],{"class":66},[56,63318,529],{"class":79},[56,63320,3093],{"class":66},[56,63322,63323,63325,63327,63329,63331,63333,63335],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,63324,3366],{"class":66},[56,63326,1077],{"class":79},[56,63328,1080],{"class":66},[56,63330,1083],{"class":79},[56,63332,1080],{"class":66},[56,63334,529],{"class":79},[56,63336,3093],{"class":66},[56,63338,63339],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,63340,3507],{"class":3316},[14,63342,63343,63344,63346],{},"This means ",[18,63345,13828],{}," is a different list object.",[14,63348,63349,63350,63352],{},"However, this is only a ",[3205,63351,12346],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[47,63354,63356],{"className":49,"code":63355,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[18,63357,63358,63384,63398,63402,63420,63424,63434],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63359,63360,63362,63364,63366,63368,63370,63372,63374,63376,63378,63380,63382],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63361,11580],{"class":284},[56,63363,288],{"class":75},[56,63365,55815],{"class":66},[56,63367,1077],{"class":79},[56,63369,1080],{"class":66},[56,63371,1083],{"class":79},[56,63373,17563],{"class":66},[56,63375,3080],{"class":66},[56,63377,121],{"class":79},[56,63379,1080],{"class":66},[56,63381,535],{"class":79},[56,63383,52763],{"class":66},[56,63385,63386,63388,63390,63392,63394,63396],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,63387,13809],{"class":284},[56,63389,288],{"class":75},[56,63391,22063],{"class":989},[56,63393,67],{"class":66},[56,63395,11627],{"class":237},[56,63397,241],{"class":66},[56,63399,63400],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,63401,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,63403,63404,63406,63408,63410,63412,63414,63416,63418],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,63405,13828],{"class":284},[56,63407,3366],{"class":66},[56,63409,181],{"class":79},[56,63411,13047],{"class":66},[56,63413,13050],{"class":237},[56,63415,67],{"class":66},[56,63417,55868],{"class":79},[56,63419,241],{"class":66},[56,63421,63422],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,63423,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,63425,63426,63428,63430,63432],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,63427,63],{"class":62},[56,63429,67],{"class":66},[56,63431,11627],{"class":237},[56,63433,241],{"class":66},[56,63435,63436,63438,63440,63442],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,63437,63],{"class":62},[56,63439,67],{"class":66},[56,63441,13828],{"class":237},[56,63443,241],{"class":66},[14,63445,130],{},[47,63447,63448],{"className":49,"code":55899,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,63449,63450,63476],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63451,63452,63454,63456,63458,63460,63462,63464,63466,63468,63470,63472,63474],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63453,55906],{"class":66},[56,63455,1077],{"class":79},[56,63457,1080],{"class":66},[56,63459,1083],{"class":79},[56,63461,1080],{"class":66},[56,63463,9686],{"class":79},[56,63465,17563],{"class":66},[56,63467,3080],{"class":66},[56,63469,121],{"class":79},[56,63471,1080],{"class":66},[56,63473,535],{"class":79},[56,63475,52763],{"class":66},[56,63477,63478,63480,63482,63484,63486,63488,63490,63492,63494,63496,63498,63500],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,63479,55906],{"class":66},[56,63481,1077],{"class":79},[56,63483,1080],{"class":66},[56,63485,1083],{"class":79},[56,63487,1080],{"class":66},[56,63489,9686],{"class":79},[56,63491,17563],{"class":66},[56,63493,3080],{"class":66},[56,63495,121],{"class":79},[56,63497,1080],{"class":66},[56,63499,535],{"class":79},[56,63501,52763],{"class":66},[14,63503,63504],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[14,63506,63507,63508,497],{},"For more on this, see ",[372,63509,13288],{"href":13287},[42,63511,63513],{"id":63512},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[14,63515,63516,63517,497],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[18,63518,24285],{},[615,63520,63522],{"id":63521},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[47,63524,63526],{"className":49,"code":63525,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[18,63527,63528,63568],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63529,63530,63532,63534,63536,63538,63540,63542,63544,63546,63548,63550,63552,63554,63556,63558,63560,63562,63564,63566],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63531,12359],{"class":284},[56,63533,288],{"class":75},[56,63535,9980],{"class":66},[56,63537,938],{"class":937},[56,63539,7149],{"class":941},[56,63541,938],{"class":937},[56,63543,971],{"class":66},[56,63545,1448],{"class":937},[56,63547,7404],{"class":941},[56,63549,938],{"class":937},[56,63551,1080],{"class":66},[56,63553,1448],{"class":937},[56,63555,19393],{"class":941},[56,63557,938],{"class":937},[56,63559,971],{"class":66},[56,63561,1448],{"class":937},[56,63563,21748],{"class":941},[56,63565,938],{"class":937},[56,63567,8797],{"class":66},[56,63569,63570,63572,63574,63576,63578,63580],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,63571,63],{"class":62},[56,63573,67],{"class":66},[56,63575,7577],{"class":989},[56,63577,67],{"class":66},[56,63579,13123],{"class":237},[56,63581,83],{"class":66},[14,63583,130],{},[47,63585,63587],{"className":49,"code":63586,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['name', 'grade']\n",[18,63588,63589],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63590,63591,63593,63595,63597,63599,63601,63603,63605,63607],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63592,3366],{"class":66},[56,63594,1394],{"class":937},[56,63596,7149],{"class":941},[56,63598,1394],{"class":937},[56,63600,1080],{"class":66},[56,63602,1389],{"class":937},[56,63604,19393],{"class":941},[56,63606,1394],{"class":937},[56,63608,3093],{"class":66},[615,63610,63612],{"id":63611},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[47,63614,63616],{"className":49,"code":63615,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[18,63617,63618,63658],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63619,63620,63622,63624,63626,63628,63630,63632,63634,63636,63638,63640,63642,63644,63646,63648,63650,63652,63654,63656],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63621,12359],{"class":284},[56,63623,288],{"class":75},[56,63625,9980],{"class":66},[56,63627,938],{"class":937},[56,63629,7149],{"class":941},[56,63631,938],{"class":937},[56,63633,971],{"class":66},[56,63635,1448],{"class":937},[56,63637,7404],{"class":941},[56,63639,938],{"class":937},[56,63641,1080],{"class":66},[56,63643,1448],{"class":937},[56,63645,19393],{"class":941},[56,63647,938],{"class":937},[56,63649,971],{"class":66},[56,63651,1448],{"class":937},[56,63653,21748],{"class":941},[56,63655,938],{"class":937},[56,63657,8797],{"class":66},[56,63659,63660,63662,63664,63666,63668,63670,63672,63674],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,63661,63],{"class":62},[56,63663,67],{"class":66},[56,63665,7577],{"class":989},[56,63667,67],{"class":66},[56,63669,13123],{"class":237},[56,63671,497],{"class":66},[56,63673,4833],{"class":237},[56,63675,5767],{"class":66},[14,63677,130],{},[47,63679,63681],{"className":49,"code":63680,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[18,63682,63683],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63684,63685,63687,63689,63691,63693,63695,63697,63699,63701],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63686,3366],{"class":66},[56,63688,1394],{"class":937},[56,63690,7404],{"class":941},[56,63692,1394],{"class":937},[56,63694,1080],{"class":66},[56,63696,1389],{"class":937},[56,63698,21748],{"class":941},[56,63700,1394],{"class":937},[56,63702,3093],{"class":66},[615,63704,63706],{"id":63705},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[47,63708,63710],{"className":49,"code":63709,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[18,63711,63712,63752],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63713,63714,63716,63718,63720,63722,63724,63726,63728,63730,63732,63734,63736,63738,63740,63742,63744,63746,63748,63750],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63715,12359],{"class":284},[56,63717,288],{"class":75},[56,63719,9980],{"class":66},[56,63721,938],{"class":937},[56,63723,7149],{"class":941},[56,63725,938],{"class":937},[56,63727,971],{"class":66},[56,63729,1448],{"class":937},[56,63731,7404],{"class":941},[56,63733,938],{"class":937},[56,63735,1080],{"class":66},[56,63737,1448],{"class":937},[56,63739,19393],{"class":941},[56,63741,938],{"class":937},[56,63743,971],{"class":66},[56,63745,1448],{"class":937},[56,63747,21748],{"class":941},[56,63749,938],{"class":937},[56,63751,8797],{"class":66},[56,63753,63754,63756,63758,63760,63762,63764,63766,63768],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,63755,63],{"class":62},[56,63757,67],{"class":66},[56,63759,7577],{"class":989},[56,63761,67],{"class":66},[56,63763,13123],{"class":237},[56,63765,497],{"class":66},[56,63767,7292],{"class":237},[56,63769,5767],{"class":66},[14,63771,130],{},[47,63773,63775],{"className":49,"code":63774,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[18,63776,63777],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63778,63779,63781,63783,63785,63787,63789,63791,63793,63795,63797,63799,63801,63803,63805,63807,63809,63811,63813],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63780,21243],{"class":66},[56,63782,1394],{"class":937},[56,63784,7149],{"class":941},[56,63786,1394],{"class":937},[56,63788,1080],{"class":66},[56,63790,1389],{"class":937},[56,63792,7404],{"class":941},[56,63794,1394],{"class":937},[56,63796,8721],{"class":66},[56,63798,8724],{"class":66},[56,63800,1394],{"class":937},[56,63802,19393],{"class":941},[56,63804,1394],{"class":937},[56,63806,1080],{"class":66},[56,63808,1389],{"class":937},[56,63810,21748],{"class":941},[56,63812,1394],{"class":937},[56,63814,8737],{"class":66},[14,63816,63817],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[42,63819,63821],{"id":63820},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[14,63823,153,63824,10091],{},[18,63825,24285],{},[26,63827,63828,63836,63845],{},[29,63829,63830,63831,964,63833],{},"you need list methods like ",[18,63832,52173],{},[18,63834,63835],{},"sort()",[29,63837,63838,63839,964,63841,63844],{},"you want to convert ",[18,63840,35710],{},[18,63842,63843],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[29,63846,63847],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[14,63849,45558,63850,971],{},[18,63851,63843],{},[47,63853,63855],{"className":49,"code":63854,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[18,63856,63857,63881,63897,63901,63924],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63858,63859,63861,63863,63865,63867,63869,63871,63873,63875,63877,63879],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63860,4467],{"class":284},[56,63862,288],{"class":75},[56,63864,3080],{"class":66},[56,63866,938],{"class":937},[56,63868,12376],{"class":941},[56,63870,938],{"class":937},[56,63872,1080],{"class":66},[56,63874,1448],{"class":937},[56,63876,35452],{"class":941},[56,63878,938],{"class":937},[56,63880,3093],{"class":66},[56,63882,63883,63885,63887,63889,63891,63893,63895],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,63884,4536],{"class":284},[56,63886,288],{"class":75},[56,63888,3080],{"class":66},[56,63890,12999],{"class":79},[56,63892,1080],{"class":66},[56,63894,13004],{"class":79},[56,63896,3093],{"class":66},[56,63898,63899],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,63900,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,63902,63903,63905,63907,63909,63911,63914,63916,63918,63920,63922],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,63904,8703],{"class":284},[56,63906,288],{"class":75},[56,63908,22063],{"class":989},[56,63910,67],{"class":66},[56,63912,63913],{"class":62},"zip",[56,63915,67],{"class":66},[56,63917,4511],{"class":237},[56,63919,1080],{"class":66},[56,63921,4583],{"class":237},[56,63923,83],{"class":66},[56,63925,63926,63928,63930,63932],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,63927,63],{"class":62},[56,63929,67],{"class":66},[56,63931,8750],{"class":237},[56,63933,241],{"class":66},[14,63935,130],{},[47,63937,63939],{"className":49,"code":63938,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[18,63940,63941],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63942,63943,63945,63947,63949,63951,63953,63955,63957,63959,63961,63963,63965,63967,63969],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63944,21243],{"class":66},[56,63946,1394],{"class":937},[56,63948,12376],{"class":941},[56,63950,1394],{"class":937},[56,63952,1080],{"class":66},[56,63954,19400],{"class":79},[56,63956,8721],{"class":66},[56,63958,8724],{"class":66},[56,63960,1394],{"class":937},[56,63962,35452],{"class":941},[56,63964,1394],{"class":937},[56,63966,1080],{"class":66},[56,63968,13004],{"class":79},[56,63970,8737],{"class":66},[14,63972,63973,63974,63976,63977,497],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[18,63975,52173],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[372,63978,52570],{"href":52569},[42,63980,3988],{"id":3987},[14,63982,56297,63983,497],{},[18,63984,24285],{},[615,63986,63988],{"id":63987},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[14,63990,3995],{},[47,63992,63994],{"className":49,"code":63993,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[18,63995,63996,64000],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,63997,63998],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,63999,4005],{"class":3123},[56,64001,64002,64004,64006,64008,64010,64012,64014,64016],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,64003,7577],{"class":989},[56,64005,67],{"class":66},[56,64007,1077],{"class":79},[56,64009,1080],{"class":66},[56,64011,1083],{"class":79},[56,64013,1080],{"class":66},[56,64015,529],{"class":79},[56,64017,241],{"class":66},[14,64019,64020,64022],{},[18,64021,24285],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[14,64024,18196],{},[47,64026,64028],{"className":49,"code":64027,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[18,64029,64030],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64031,64032,64034,64036,64038,64040,64042,64044,64046,64048,64050],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64033,63],{"class":62},[56,64035,67],{"class":66},[56,64037,7577],{"class":989},[56,64039,4986],{"class":66},[56,64041,1077],{"class":79},[56,64043,1080],{"class":66},[56,64045,1083],{"class":79},[56,64047,1080],{"class":66},[56,64049,529],{"class":79},[56,64051,1000],{"class":66},[615,64053,64055,64056],{"id":64054},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[56,64057,64058],{},"\"hello\"",[14,64060,64061],{},"This is a common surprise:",[47,64063,64065],{"className":49,"code":64064,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[18,64066,64067],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64068,64069,64071,64073,64075,64077,64079,64081,64083],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64070,63],{"class":62},[56,64072,67],{"class":66},[56,64074,7577],{"class":989},[56,64076,67],{"class":66},[56,64078,938],{"class":937},[56,64080,3309],{"class":941},[56,64082,938],{"class":937},[56,64084,83],{"class":66},[14,64086,130],{},[47,64088,64090],{"className":49,"code":64089,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[18,64091,64092],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64093,64094,64096,64098,64100,64102,64104,64106,64108,64110,64112,64114,64116,64118,64120,64122,64124,64126,64128,64130,64132,64134],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64095,3366],{"class":66},[56,64097,1394],{"class":937},[56,64099,59961],{"class":941},[56,64101,1394],{"class":937},[56,64103,1080],{"class":66},[56,64105,1389],{"class":937},[56,64107,59970],{"class":941},[56,64109,1394],{"class":937},[56,64111,1080],{"class":66},[56,64113,1389],{"class":937},[56,64115,59979],{"class":941},[56,64117,1394],{"class":937},[56,64119,1080],{"class":66},[56,64121,1389],{"class":937},[56,64123,59979],{"class":941},[56,64125,1394],{"class":937},[56,64127,1080],{"class":66},[56,64129,1389],{"class":937},[56,64131,59996],{"class":941},[56,64133,1394],{"class":937},[56,64135,3093],{"class":66},[14,64137,64138],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[14,64140,64141],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[47,64143,64145],{"className":49,"code":64144,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[18,64146,64147],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64148,64149,64151,64153,64155,64157,64159],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64150,63],{"class":62},[56,64152,1074],{"class":66},[56,64154,938],{"class":937},[56,64156,3309],{"class":941},[56,64158,938],{"class":937},[56,64160,3354],{"class":66},[615,64162,64164],{"id":64163},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[14,64166,64167],{},"This:",[47,64169,64171],{"className":49,"code":64170,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[18,64172,64173,64205],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64174,64175,64177,64179,64181,64183,64185,64187,64189,64191,64193,64195,64197,64199,64201,64203],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64176,8653],{"class":284},[56,64178,288],{"class":75},[56,64180,9980],{"class":66},[56,64182,938],{"class":937},[56,64184,372],{"class":941},[56,64186,938],{"class":937},[56,64188,971],{"class":66},[56,64190,4973],{"class":79},[56,64192,1080],{"class":66},[56,64194,1448],{"class":937},[56,64196,4232],{"class":941},[56,64198,938],{"class":937},[56,64200,971],{"class":66},[56,64202,1083],{"class":79},[56,64204,8797],{"class":66},[56,64206,64207,64209,64211,64213,64215,64217],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,64208,63],{"class":62},[56,64210,67],{"class":66},[56,64212,7577],{"class":989},[56,64214,67],{"class":66},[56,64216,8692],{"class":237},[56,64218,83],{"class":66},[14,64220,64221],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[14,64223,153,64224,64227],{},[18,64225,64226],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[615,64229,64231],{"id":64230},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[14,64233,64234,64236],{},[18,64235,24285],{}," copies the outer list only.",[14,64238,64239],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[42,64241,1553],{"id":1552},[615,64243,4653,64245,64247],{"id":64244},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[56,64246],{}," and list()?",[14,64249,64250,64251,64253,64254,64256],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[18,64252,3250],{}," is shorter. ",[18,64255,24285],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[615,64258,64260],{"id":64259},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[14,64262,64263,64264,64266],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[18,64265,24285],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[615,64268,64270],{"id":64269},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[14,64272,64273],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[615,64275,64277],{"id":64276},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[14,64279,64280],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[615,64282,64284],{"id":64283},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[14,64286,64287,64288,64290],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[18,64289,24285],{}," cannot loop through it.",[42,64292,1601],{"id":1600},[26,64294,64295,64299,64304,64308,64312,64316,64320,64325],{},[29,64296,64297],{},[372,64298,52292],{"href":50499},[29,64300,64301],{},[372,64302,64303],{"href":35707},"Python range() function explained",[29,64305,64306],{},[372,64307,62741],{"href":62740},[29,64309,64310],{},[372,64311,63073],{"href":63072},[29,64313,64314],{},[372,64315,4690],{"href":5062},[29,64317,64318],{},[372,64319,13288],{"href":13287},[29,64321,64322],{},[372,64323,64324],{"href":52120},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[29,64326,64327],{},[372,64328,53799],{"href":52569},[1633,64330,64331],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":64333},[64334,64335,64336,64337,64338,64345,64346,64347,64352,64353,64360,64368],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":62443,"depth":86,"text":62444},{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":59142,"depth":86,"text":59143},{"id":62671,"depth":86,"text":62672,"children":64339},[64340,64341,64342,64343,64344],{"id":62675,"depth":102,"text":62676},{"id":62744,"depth":102,"text":62745},{"id":62822,"depth":102,"text":62823},{"id":62897,"depth":102,"text":62898},{"id":62964,"depth":102,"text":62965},{"id":63076,"depth":86,"text":63077},{"id":63212,"depth":86,"text":63213},{"id":63512,"depth":86,"text":63513,"children":64348},[64349,64350,64351],{"id":63521,"depth":102,"text":63522},{"id":63611,"depth":102,"text":63612},{"id":63705,"depth":102,"text":63706},{"id":63820,"depth":86,"text":63821},{"id":3987,"depth":86,"text":3988,"children":64354},[64355,64356,64358,64359],{"id":63987,"depth":102,"text":63988},{"id":64054,"depth":102,"text":64357},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64163,"depth":102,"text":64164},{"id":64230,"depth":102,"text":64231},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":64361},[64362,64364,64365,64366,64367],{"id":64244,"depth":102,"text":64363},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64259,"depth":102,"text":64260},{"id":64269,"depth":102,"text":64270},{"id":64276,"depth":102,"text":64277},{"id":64283,"depth":102,"text":64284},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62277,"description":64369},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64376,"title":64377,"body":64378,"description":65729,"extension":1665,"meta":65730,"navigation":316,"path":65731,"seo":65732,"stem":65733,"__hash__":65734},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64379,"toc":65703},[64380,64385,64391,64400,64402,64475,64484,64489,64493,64509,64513,64515,64517,64536,64539,64567,64570,64595,64603,64605,64610,64617,64619,64676,64678,64686,64692,64696,64699,64772,64774,64782,64785,64808,64815,64821,64825,64831,64902,64904,64912,64921,64928,64935,64943,65087,65089,65106,65109,65148,65151,65155,65160,65162,65221,65227,65230,65337,65339,65354,65357,65364,65366,65370,65518,65521,65582,65585,65588,65609,65614,65618,65629,65632,65634,65639,65642,65650,65655,65661,65664,65670,65678,65680,65700],[10,64381,53863,64383,10814],{"id":64382},"python-list-index-method",[18,64384,58490],{},[14,64386,64387,64390],{},[18,64388,64389],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[14,64392,64393,64394,64397,64398,497],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[3205,64395,64396],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[18,64399,40219],{},[42,64401,3065],{"id":3064},[47,64403,64405],{"className":49,"code":64404,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[18,64406,64407,64439,64462],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64408,64409,64411,64413,64415,64417,64419,64421,64423,64425,64427,64429,64431,64433,64435,64437],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64410,7261],{"class":284},[56,64412,288],{"class":75},[56,64414,3080],{"class":66},[56,64416,938],{"class":937},[56,64418,3546],{"class":941},[56,64420,938],{"class":937},[56,64422,1080],{"class":66},[56,64424,1448],{"class":937},[56,64426,3555],{"class":941},[56,64428,938],{"class":937},[56,64430,1080],{"class":66},[56,64432,1448],{"class":937},[56,64434,3564],{"class":941},[56,64436,938],{"class":937},[56,64438,3093],{"class":66},[56,64440,64441,64444,64446,64448,64450,64452,64454,64456,64458,64460],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,64442,64443],{"class":284},"position ",[56,64445,288],{"class":75},[56,64447,5442],{"class":284},[56,64449,497],{"class":66},[56,64451,35357],{"class":237},[56,64453,67],{"class":66},[56,64455,938],{"class":937},[56,64457,3555],{"class":941},[56,64459,938],{"class":937},[56,64461,241],{"class":66},[56,64463,64464,64466,64468,64471,64473],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,64465,63],{"class":62},[56,64467,67],{"class":66},[56,64469,64470],{"class":237},"position",[56,64472,3120],{"class":66},[56,64474,27285],{"class":3123},[14,64476,153,64477,64480,64481,64483],{},[18,64478,64479],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[18,64482,40219],{}," if the item is not found.",[42,64485,3138,64487,3141],{"id":64486},"what-listindex-does",[18,64488,64389],{},[14,64490,64491,971],{},[18,64492,64389],{},[26,64494,64495,64498,64501,64506],{},[29,64496,64497],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[29,64499,64500],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[29,64502,64503,64504],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[18,64505,181],{},[29,64507,64508],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[14,64510,54088,64511,497],{},[372,64512,52292],{"href":54091},[42,64514,220],{"id":219},[14,64516,30232],{},[47,64518,64520],{"className":49,"code":64519,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.index(value)\n",[18,64521,64522],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64523,64524,64526,64528,64530,64532,64534],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64525,7823],{"class":284},[56,64527,497],{"class":66},[56,64529,35357],{"class":237},[56,64531,67],{"class":66},[56,64533,551],{"class":237},[56,64535,241],{"class":66},[14,64537,64538],{},"You can also limit the search:",[47,64540,64542],{"className":49,"code":64541,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,64543,64544],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64545,64546,64548,64550,64552,64554,64556,64558,64560,64562,64565],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64547,7823],{"class":284},[56,64549,497],{"class":66},[56,64551,35357],{"class":237},[56,64553,67],{"class":66},[56,64555,551],{"class":237},[56,64557,1080],{"class":66},[56,64559,35563],{"class":237},[56,64561,1080],{"class":66},[56,64563,64564],{"class":237}," end",[56,64566,241],{"class":66},[14,64568,64569],{},"Here is what each part means:",[26,64571,64572,64577,64582,64587],{},[29,64573,64574,64576],{},[18,64575,551],{},": the item to search for",[29,64578,64579,64581],{},[18,64580,35584],{},": where the search begins",[29,64583,64584,64586],{},[18,64585,52181],{},": where the search stops",[29,64588,64589,4255,64591,64594],{},[18,64590,52181],{},[3205,64592,64593],{},"not included"," in the search range",[14,64596,64597,64598,64600,64601,497],{},"This means Python searches from ",[18,64599,35584],{}," up to, but not including, ",[18,64602,52181],{},[42,64604,37534],{"id":37533},[14,64606,64607,64609],{},[18,64608,64389],{}," returns an integer.",[14,64611,64612,64613,64616],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[3205,64614,64615],{},"first match"," in the list.",[14,64618,274],{},[47,64620,64622],{"className":49,"code":64621,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,64623,64624,64644,64662,64666],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64625,64626,64628,64630,64632,64634,64636,64638,64640,64642],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64627,3075],{"class":284},[56,64629,288],{"class":75},[56,64631,3080],{"class":66},[56,64633,406],{"class":79},[56,64635,1080],{"class":66},[56,64637,7272],{"class":79},[56,64639,1080],{"class":66},[56,64641,7277],{"class":79},[56,64643,3093],{"class":66},[56,64645,64646,64648,64650,64652,64654,64656,64658,64660],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,64647,299],{"class":284},[56,64649,288],{"class":75},[56,64651,3731],{"class":284},[56,64653,497],{"class":66},[56,64655,35357],{"class":237},[56,64657,67],{"class":66},[56,64659,15253],{"class":79},[56,64661,241],{"class":66},[56,64663,64664],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,64665,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,64667,64668,64670,64672,64674],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,64669,63],{"class":62},[56,64671,67],{"class":66},[56,64673,338],{"class":237},[56,64675,241],{"class":66},[14,64677,130],{},[47,64679,64680],{"className":49,"code":46435,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,64681,64682],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64683,64684],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64685,46435],{"class":79},[14,64687,64688,64689,64691],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[18,64690,58490],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[42,64693,64695],{"id":64694},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[14,64697,64698],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[47,64700,64702],{"className":49,"code":64701,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[18,64703,64704,64736,64758,64762],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64705,64706,64708,64710,64712,64714,64716,64718,64720,64722,64724,64726,64728,64730,64732,64734],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64707,35751],{"class":284},[56,64709,288],{"class":75},[56,64711,3080],{"class":66},[56,64713,938],{"class":937},[56,64715,3546],{"class":941},[56,64717,938],{"class":937},[56,64719,1080],{"class":66},[56,64721,1448],{"class":937},[56,64723,3555],{"class":941},[56,64725,938],{"class":937},[56,64727,1080],{"class":66},[56,64729,1448],{"class":937},[56,64731,3564],{"class":941},[56,64733,938],{"class":937},[56,64735,3093],{"class":66},[56,64737,64738,64740,64742,64744,64746,64748,64750,64752,64754,64756],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,64739,64443],{"class":284},[56,64741,288],{"class":75},[56,64743,52372],{"class":284},[56,64745,497],{"class":66},[56,64747,35357],{"class":237},[56,64749,67],{"class":66},[56,64751,938],{"class":937},[56,64753,3564],{"class":941},[56,64755,938],{"class":937},[56,64757,241],{"class":66},[56,64759,64760],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,64761,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,64763,64764,64766,64768,64770],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,64765,63],{"class":62},[56,64767,67],{"class":66},[56,64769,64470],{"class":237},[56,64771,241],{"class":66},[14,64773,130],{},[47,64775,64776],{"className":49,"code":16556,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,64777,64778],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64779,64780],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64781,16556],{"class":79},[14,64783,64784],{},"In this list:",[26,64786,64787,64794,64801],{},[29,64788,64789,64791,64792],{},[18,64790,57355],{}," is at index ",[18,64793,181],{},[29,64795,64796,64791,64799],{},[18,64797,64798],{},"\"banana\"",[18,64800,1077],{},[29,64802,64803,64791,64806],{},[18,64804,64805],{},"\"cherry\"",[18,64807,115],{},[14,64809,53174,64810,473,64813,497],{},[18,64811,64812],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[18,64814,115],{},[14,64816,51063,64817,497],{},[372,64818,64820],{"href":64819},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[42,64822,64824],{"id":64823},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[14,64826,64827,64828,64830],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[18,64829,58490],{}," returns the first match only.",[47,64832,64834],{"className":49,"code":64833,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[18,64835,64836,64876,64880],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64837,64838,64840,64842,64844,64846,64848,64850,64852,64854,64856,64858,64860,64862,64864,64866,64868,64870,64872,64874],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64839,12572],{"class":284},[56,64841,288],{"class":75},[56,64843,3080],{"class":66},[56,64845,938],{"class":937},[56,64847,12589],{"class":941},[56,64849,938],{"class":937},[56,64851,1080],{"class":66},[56,64853,1448],{"class":937},[56,64855,12606],{"class":941},[56,64857,938],{"class":937},[56,64859,1080],{"class":66},[56,64861,1448],{"class":937},[56,64863,12589],{"class":941},[56,64865,938],{"class":937},[56,64867,1080],{"class":66},[56,64869,1448],{"class":937},[56,64871,16956],{"class":941},[56,64873,938],{"class":937},[56,64875,3093],{"class":66},[56,64877,64878],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,64879,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,64881,64882,64884,64886,64888,64890,64892,64894,64896,64898,64900],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,64883,63],{"class":62},[56,64885,67],{"class":66},[56,64887,17003],{"class":237},[56,64889,497],{"class":66},[56,64891,35357],{"class":237},[56,64893,67],{"class":66},[56,64895,938],{"class":937},[56,64897,12589],{"class":941},[56,64899,938],{"class":937},[56,64901,83],{"class":66},[14,64903,130],{},[47,64905,64906],{"className":49,"code":46770,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,64907,64908],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64909,64910],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64911,46770],{"class":79},[14,64913,20480,64914,64917,64918,64920],{},[18,64915,64916],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[18,64919,181],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[14,64922,64923,64924,497],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[372,64925,55041,64926,10231],{"href":58549},[18,64927,56812],{},[42,64929,7902,64931,3862,64933],{"id":64930},"using-start-and-end",[18,64932,35584],{},[18,64934,52181],{},[14,64936,64937,64938,3862,64940,64942],{},"The optional ",[18,64939,35584],{},[18,64941,52181],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[47,64944,64946],{"className":49,"code":64945,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[18,64947,64948,64996,65000,65025,65054],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,64949,64950,64952,64954,64956,64958,64960,64962,64964,64966,64968,64970,64972,64974,64976,64978,64980,64982,64984,64986,64988,64990,64992,64994],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,64951,35602],{"class":284},[56,64953,288],{"class":75},[56,64955,3080],{"class":66},[56,64957,938],{"class":937},[56,64959,372],{"class":941},[56,64961,938],{"class":937},[56,64963,1080],{"class":66},[56,64965,1448],{"class":937},[56,64967,4232],{"class":941},[56,64969,938],{"class":937},[56,64971,1080],{"class":66},[56,64973,1448],{"class":937},[56,64975,9228],{"class":941},[56,64977,938],{"class":937},[56,64979,1080],{"class":66},[56,64981,1448],{"class":937},[56,64983,4232],{"class":941},[56,64985,938],{"class":937},[56,64987,1080],{"class":66},[56,64989,1448],{"class":937},[56,64991,18269],{"class":941},[56,64993,938],{"class":937},[56,64995,3093],{"class":66},[56,64997,64998],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,64999,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,65001,65002,65004,65006,65008,65010,65012,65014,65016,65018,65020,65022],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,65003,63],{"class":62},[56,65005,67],{"class":66},[56,65007,35655],{"class":237},[56,65009,497],{"class":66},[56,65011,35357],{"class":237},[56,65013,67],{"class":66},[56,65015,938],{"class":937},[56,65017,4232],{"class":941},[56,65019,938],{"class":937},[56,65021,4836],{"class":66},[56,65023,65024],{"class":3123},"        # first match\n",[56,65026,65027,65029,65031,65033,65035,65037,65039,65041,65043,65045,65047,65049,65051],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,65028,63],{"class":62},[56,65030,67],{"class":66},[56,65032,35655],{"class":237},[56,65034,497],{"class":66},[56,65036,35357],{"class":237},[56,65038,67],{"class":66},[56,65040,938],{"class":937},[56,65042,4232],{"class":941},[56,65044,938],{"class":937},[56,65046,1080],{"class":66},[56,65048,1083],{"class":79},[56,65050,4836],{"class":66},[56,65052,65053],{"class":3123},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[56,65055,65056,65058,65060,65062,65064,65066,65068,65070,65072,65074,65076,65078,65080,65082,65084],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,65057,63],{"class":62},[56,65059,67],{"class":66},[56,65061,35655],{"class":237},[56,65063,497],{"class":66},[56,65065,35357],{"class":237},[56,65067,67],{"class":66},[56,65069,938],{"class":937},[56,65071,4232],{"class":941},[56,65073,938],{"class":937},[56,65075,1080],{"class":66},[56,65077,4973],{"class":79},[56,65079,1080],{"class":66},[56,65081,535],{"class":79},[56,65083,4836],{"class":66},[56,65085,65086],{"class":3123},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[14,65088,130],{},[47,65090,65092],{"className":49,"code":65091,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"1\n3\n1\n",[18,65093,65094,65098,65102],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65095,65096],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65097,46435],{"class":79},[56,65099,65100],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,65101,46135],{"class":79},[56,65103,65104],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,65105,46435],{"class":79},[14,65107,65108],{},"How this works:",[26,65110,65111,65123,65136],{},[29,65112,65113,65116,65117,65120,65121],{},[18,65114,65115],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[18,65118,65119],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[18,65122,1077],{},[29,65124,65125,65128,65129,65131,65132,65120,65134],{},[18,65126,65127],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[18,65130,115],{},", so it finds the next ",[18,65133,65119],{},[18,65135,121],{},[29,65137,65138,65141,65142,255,65144,16572,65146],{},[18,65139,65140],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[18,65143,1077],{},[18,65145,115],{},[18,65147,121],{},[14,65149,65150],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[42,65152,65154],{"id":65153},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[14,65156,65157,65158,497],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[18,65159,40219],{},[14,65161,274],{},[47,65163,65165],{"className":49,"code":65164,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[18,65166,65167,65199],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65168,65169,65171,65173,65175,65177,65179,65181,65183,65185,65187,65189,65191,65193,65195,65197],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65170,7261],{"class":284},[56,65172,288],{"class":75},[56,65174,3080],{"class":66},[56,65176,938],{"class":937},[56,65178,3546],{"class":941},[56,65180,938],{"class":937},[56,65182,1080],{"class":66},[56,65184,1448],{"class":937},[56,65186,3555],{"class":941},[56,65188,938],{"class":937},[56,65190,1080],{"class":66},[56,65192,1448],{"class":937},[56,65194,3564],{"class":941},[56,65196,938],{"class":937},[56,65198,3093],{"class":66},[56,65200,65201,65203,65205,65207,65209,65211,65213,65215,65217,65219],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,65202,63],{"class":62},[56,65204,67],{"class":66},[56,65206,7292],{"class":237},[56,65208,497],{"class":66},[56,65210,35357],{"class":237},[56,65212,67],{"class":66},[56,65214,938],{"class":937},[56,65216,32729],{"class":941},[56,65218,938],{"class":937},[56,65220,83],{"class":66},[14,65222,39168,65223,65226],{},[18,65224,65225],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[14,65228,65229],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[47,65231,65233],{"className":49,"code":65232,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[18,65234,65235,65267,65280,65284,65297,65316,65322],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65236,65237,65239,65241,65243,65245,65247,65249,65251,65253,65255,65257,65259,65261,65263,65265],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65238,7261],{"class":284},[56,65240,288],{"class":75},[56,65242,3080],{"class":66},[56,65244,938],{"class":937},[56,65246,3546],{"class":941},[56,65248,938],{"class":937},[56,65250,1080],{"class":66},[56,65252,1448],{"class":937},[56,65254,3555],{"class":941},[56,65256,938],{"class":937},[56,65258,1080],{"class":66},[56,65260,1448],{"class":937},[56,65262,3564],{"class":941},[56,65264,938],{"class":937},[56,65266,3093],{"class":66},[56,65268,65269,65272,65274,65276,65278],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,65270,65271],{"class":284},"search_value ",[56,65273,288],{"class":75},[56,65275,1448],{"class":937},[56,65277,32729],{"class":941},[56,65279,1454],{"class":937},[56,65281,65282],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,65283,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,65285,65286,65288,65291,65293,65295],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,65287,6477],{"class":3341},[56,65289,65290],{"class":284}," search_value ",[56,65292,3348],{"class":75},[56,65294,5442],{"class":284},[56,65296,5871],{"class":66},[56,65298,65299,65301,65303,65305,65307,65309,65311,65314],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,65300,7552],{"class":62},[56,65302,67],{"class":66},[56,65304,7292],{"class":237},[56,65306,497],{"class":66},[56,65308,35357],{"class":237},[56,65310,67],{"class":66},[56,65312,65313],{"class":237},"search_value",[56,65315,83],{"class":66},[56,65317,65318,65320],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,65319,26939],{"class":3341},[56,65321,5871],{"class":66},[56,65323,65324,65326,65328,65330,65333,65335],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,65325,7552],{"class":62},[56,65327,67],{"class":66},[56,65329,938],{"class":937},[56,65331,65332],{"class":941},"Item not found",[56,65334,938],{"class":937},[56,65336,241],{"class":66},[14,65338,130],{},[47,65340,65342],{"className":49,"code":65341,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Item not found\n",[18,65343,65344],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65345,65346,65349,65351],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65347,65348],{"class":284},"Item ",[56,65350,4101],{"class":75},[56,65352,65353],{"class":284}," found\n",[14,65355,65356],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[14,65358,65359,65360,497],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[372,65361,65363],{"href":65362},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[42,65365,3988],{"id":3987},[14,65367,20714,65368,971],{},[18,65369,64389],{},[26,65371,65372,65390,65402,65462],{},[29,65373,25279,65374,473,65376,65379,65380,65382,65383,4634,65385,65387,65388,497],{},[18,65375,58490],{},[18,65377,65378],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9335,65381],{},"\nPython does ",[3205,65384,4101],{},[18,65386,65378],{},". It raises ",[18,65389,40219],{},[29,65391,65392,65393,65395,65398,65399,65401],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9335,65394],{},[18,65396,65397],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[18,65400,64798],{},", not the value itself.",[29,65403,7902,65404,10583,65407,65409,65411,65412,16155,65414,65437,16143,65439],{},[18,65405,65406],{},"index[]",[18,65408,58490],{},[9335,65410],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9335,65413],{},[47,65415,65417],{"className":49,"code":65416,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[18,65418,65419],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65420,65421,65423,65425,65427,65429,65431,65433,65435],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65422,7292],{"class":284},[56,65424,497],{"class":66},[56,65426,35357],{"class":237},[56,65428,67],{"class":66},[56,65430,938],{"class":937},[56,65432,3555],{"class":941},[56,65434,938],{"class":937},[56,65436,241],{"class":66},[9335,65438],{},[47,65440,65442],{"className":49,"code":65441,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[18,65443,65444],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65445,65446,65448,65450,65452,65454,65456,65458,65460],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65447,7292],{"class":284},[56,65449,497],{"class":66},[56,65451,35357],{"class":24254},[56,65453,3366],{"class":66},[56,65455,938],{"class":937},[56,65457,3555],{"class":941},[56,65459,938],{"class":937},[56,65461,3093],{"class":66},[29,65463,65464,65465,65467,3862,65470,65472,65473],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9335,65466],{},[18,65468,65469],{},"\"3\"",[18,65471,121],{}," are different values in Python.",[47,65474,65476],{"className":49,"code":65475,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[18,65477,65478,65498],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65479,65480,65482,65484,65486,65488,65490,65492,65494,65496],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65481,3075],{"class":284},[56,65483,288],{"class":75},[56,65485,3080],{"class":66},[56,65487,1077],{"class":79},[56,65489,1080],{"class":66},[56,65491,1083],{"class":79},[56,65493,1080],{"class":66},[56,65495,529],{"class":79},[56,65497,3093],{"class":66},[56,65499,65500,65502,65504,65506,65508,65510,65512,65514,65516],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,65501,63],{"class":62},[56,65503,67],{"class":66},[56,65505,938],{"class":937},[56,65507,121],{"class":941},[56,65509,938],{"class":937},[56,65511,20676],{"class":3341},[56,65513,3731],{"class":237},[56,65515,3120],{"class":66},[56,65517,4243],{"class":3123},[14,65519,65520],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[47,65522,65524],{"className":49,"code":65523,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[18,65525,65526,65536,65550,65564],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65527,65528,65530,65532,65534],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65529,63],{"class":62},[56,65531,67],{"class":66},[56,65533,7823],{"class":237},[56,65535,241],{"class":66},[56,65537,65538,65540,65542,65544,65546,65548],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,65539,63],{"class":62},[56,65541,67],{"class":66},[56,65543,1314],{"class":989},[56,65545,67],{"class":66},[56,65547,65313],{"class":237},[56,65549,83],{"class":66},[56,65551,65552,65554,65556,65558,65560,65562],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,65553,63],{"class":62},[56,65555,67],{"class":66},[56,65557,65271],{"class":237},[56,65559,3348],{"class":3341},[56,65561,7880],{"class":237},[56,65563,241],{"class":66},[56,65565,65566,65568,65570,65572,65574,65576,65578,65580],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,65567,63],{"class":62},[56,65569,67],{"class":66},[56,65571,7823],{"class":237},[56,65573,497],{"class":66},[56,65575,35357],{"class":237},[56,65577,67],{"class":66},[56,65579,65313],{"class":237},[56,65581,83],{"class":66},[14,65583,65584],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[14,65586,65587],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[26,65589,65590,65593,65600,65606],{},[29,65591,65592],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[29,65594,65595,65596,10583,65598],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[18,65597,65469],{},[18,65599,121],{},[29,65601,65602,65603,65605],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[18,65604,58490],{}," returns only the first one",[29,65607,65608],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[42,65610,4433,65612],{"id":65611},"when-to-use-index",[18,65613,58490],{},[14,65615,153,65616,10091],{},[18,65617,58490],{},[26,65619,65620,65623,65626],{},[29,65621,65622],{},"You need the position of a known value",[29,65624,65625],{},"You are working with a small list",[29,65627,65628],{},"You only need the first matching position",[14,65630,65631],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[42,65633,1553],{"id":1552},[615,65635,4615,65637,4618],{"id":65636},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[18,65638,64389],{},[14,65640,65641],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[615,65643,12199,65645,4634,65647,65649],{"id":65644},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[18,65646,64389],{},[18,65648,65378],{}," if the value is not found?",[14,65651,65652,65653,6110],{},"No. It raises ",[18,65654,40219],{},[615,65656,4643,65658,65660],{"id":65657},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[18,65659,64389],{}," find all matching items?",[14,65662,65663],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[615,65665,65667,65668,571],{"id":65666},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[18,65669,58490],{},[14,65671,65672,65673,3862,65675,65677],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[18,65674,35584],{},[18,65676,52181],{}," arguments.",[42,65679,1601],{"id":1600},[26,65681,65682,65686,65690,65694],{},[29,65683,65684],{},[372,65685,58478],{"href":64819},[29,65687,65688],{},[372,65689,52292],{"href":54091},[29,65691,65692],{},[372,65693,65363],{"href":65362},[29,65695,65696],{},[372,65697,55041,65698,10231],{"href":58549},[18,65699,56812],{},[1633,65701,65702],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":65704},[65705,65706,65708,65709,65710,65711,65712,65714,65715,65716,65718,65728],{"id":3064,"depth":86,"text":3065},{"id":64486,"depth":86,"text":65707},"What list.index() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":37533,"depth":86,"text":37534},{"id":64694,"depth":86,"text":64695},{"id":64823,"depth":86,"text":64824},{"id":64930,"depth":86,"text":65713},"Using start and end",{"id":65153,"depth":86,"text":65154},{"id":3987,"depth":86,"text":3988},{"id":65611,"depth":86,"text":65717},"When to use index()",{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":65719},[65720,65722,65724,65726],{"id":65636,"depth":102,"text":65721},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65644,"depth":102,"text":65723},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65657,"depth":102,"text":65725},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65666,"depth":102,"text":65727},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64377,"description":65729},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65736,"title":65737,"body":65738,"description":67680,"extension":1665,"meta":67681,"navigation":316,"path":67682,"seo":67683,"stem":67684,"__hash__":67685},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65739,"toc":67640},[65740,65745,65750,65753,65762,65819,65825,65830,65834,65848,65854,65856,65879,65896,65898,65959,65961,65993,66006,66008,66011,66111,66113,66191,66197,66201,66209,66213,66219,66274,66276,66300,66304,66307,66360,66362,66386,66390,66393,66446,66448,66472,66476,66482,66553,66555,66596,66602,66609,66612,66617,66625,66630,66638,66640,66737,66739,66808,66815,66820,66822,66826,66831,66833,66904,66906,66935,66941,66943,66970,66973,66996,67000,67003,67025,67028,67051,67053,67113,67115,67147,67153,67158,67211,67213,67238,67241,67290,67292,67313,67317,67322,67325,67380,67382,67409,67416,67420,67425,67496,67499,67513,67518,67523,67525,67539,67551,67556,67558,67563,67568,67572,67575,67581,67587,67594,67602,67604,67637],[10,65741,53863,65743,10814],{"id":65742},"python-list-insert-method",[18,65744,53789],{},[14,65746,65747,65749],{},[18,65748,53432],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[14,65751,65752],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[14,65754,153,65755,65757,65758,497],{},[18,65756,53789],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[372,65759,55041,65760,10231],{"href":56290},[18,65761,52173],{},[47,65763,65765],{"className":49,"code":65764,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,65766,65767,65787,65805,65815],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65768,65769,65771,65773,65775,65777,65779,65781,65783,65785],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65770,3075],{"class":284},[56,65772,288],{"class":75},[56,65774,3080],{"class":66},[56,65776,1077],{"class":79},[56,65778,1080],{"class":66},[56,65780,1083],{"class":79},[56,65782,1080],{"class":66},[56,65784,535],{"class":79},[56,65786,3093],{"class":66},[56,65788,65789,65791,65793,65795,65797,65799,65801,65803],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,65790,3107],{"class":284},[56,65792,497],{"class":66},[56,65794,53472],{"class":237},[56,65796,67],{"class":66},[56,65798,115],{"class":79},[56,65800,1080],{"class":66},[56,65802,529],{"class":79},[56,65804,241],{"class":66},[56,65806,65807,65809,65811,65813],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,65808,63],{"class":62},[56,65810,67],{"class":66},[56,65812,3107],{"class":237},[56,65814,241],{"class":66},[56,65816,65817],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,65818,52244],{"class":3123},[14,65820,153,65821,65824],{},[18,65822,65823],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[42,65826,3138,65828,3141],{"id":65827},"what-listinsert-does",[18,65829,53432],{},[14,65831,65832,971],{},[18,65833,53432],{},[26,65835,65836,65839,65842,65844],{},[29,65837,65838],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[29,65840,65841],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[29,65843,53949],{},[29,65845,10916,65846],{},[18,65847,3241],{},[14,65849,65850,65851,65853],{},"That last point is important. ",[18,65852,53789],{}," does not create a new list.",[42,65855,4906],{"id":4905},[47,65857,65859],{"className":49,"code":65858,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[18,65860,65861],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65862,65863,65865,65867,65869,65871,65873,65875,65877],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65864,7823],{"class":284},[56,65866,497],{"class":66},[56,65868,53472],{"class":237},[56,65870,67],{"class":66},[56,65872,35357],{"class":237},[56,65874,1080],{"class":66},[56,65876,29013],{"class":237},[56,65878,241],{"class":66},[26,65880,65881,65886,65891],{},[29,65882,65883,65885],{},[18,65884,35357],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[29,65887,65888,65890],{},[18,65889,22814],{}," is the value to add",[29,65892,65893,65894],{},"The first list position is index ",[18,65895,181],{},[14,65897,274],{},[47,65899,65901],{"className":49,"code":65900,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,65902,65903,65927,65949],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65904,65905,65907,65909,65911,65913,65915,65917,65919,65921,65923,65925],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65906,35602],{"class":284},[56,65908,288],{"class":75},[56,65910,3080],{"class":66},[56,65912,938],{"class":937},[56,65914,372],{"class":941},[56,65916,938],{"class":937},[56,65918,1080],{"class":66},[56,65920,1448],{"class":937},[56,65922,9228],{"class":941},[56,65924,938],{"class":937},[56,65926,3093],{"class":66},[56,65928,65929,65931,65933,65935,65937,65939,65941,65943,65945,65947],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,65930,35655],{"class":284},[56,65932,497],{"class":66},[56,65934,53472],{"class":237},[56,65936,67],{"class":66},[56,65938,1077],{"class":79},[56,65940,1080],{"class":66},[56,65942,1448],{"class":937},[56,65944,4232],{"class":941},[56,65946,938],{"class":937},[56,65948,241],{"class":66},[56,65950,65951,65953,65955,65957],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,65952,63],{"class":62},[56,65954,67],{"class":66},[56,65956,35655],{"class":237},[56,65958,241],{"class":66},[14,65960,130],{},[47,65962,65963],{"className":49,"code":42392,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,65964,65965],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,65966,65967,65969,65971,65973,65975,65977,65979,65981,65983,65985,65987,65989,65991],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,65968,3366],{"class":66},[56,65970,1394],{"class":937},[56,65972,372],{"class":941},[56,65974,1394],{"class":937},[56,65976,1080],{"class":66},[56,65978,1389],{"class":937},[56,65980,4232],{"class":941},[56,65982,1394],{"class":937},[56,65984,1080],{"class":66},[56,65986,1389],{"class":937},[56,65988,9228],{"class":941},[56,65990,1394],{"class":937},[56,65992,3093],{"class":66},[14,65994,20273,65995,65997,65998,66000,66001,3862,66003,497],{},[18,65996,65119],{}," is inserted at index ",[18,65999,1077],{},", so it appears between ",[18,66002,17597],{},[18,66004,66005],{},"\"c\"",[42,66007,5263],{"id":5262},[14,66009,66010],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[47,66012,66014],{"className":49,"code":66013,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[18,66015,66016,66048,66066,66070,66092],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66017,66018,66020,66022,66024,66026,66028,66030,66032,66034,66036,66038,66040,66042,66044,66046],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66019,12572],{"class":284},[56,66021,288],{"class":75},[56,66023,3080],{"class":66},[56,66025,938],{"class":937},[56,66027,12589],{"class":941},[56,66029,938],{"class":937},[56,66031,1080],{"class":66},[56,66033,1448],{"class":937},[56,66035,12606],{"class":941},[56,66037,938],{"class":937},[56,66039,1080],{"class":66},[56,66041,1448],{"class":937},[56,66043,16956],{"class":941},[56,66045,938],{"class":937},[56,66047,3093],{"class":66},[56,66049,66050,66052,66054,66056,66058,66060,66062,66064],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,66051,63],{"class":62},[56,66053,67],{"class":66},[56,66055,938],{"class":937},[56,66057,11057],{"class":941},[56,66059,938],{"class":937},[56,66061,1080],{"class":66},[56,66063,12620],{"class":237},[56,66065,241],{"class":66},[56,66067,66068],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,66069,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,66071,66072,66074,66076,66078,66080,66082,66084,66086,66088,66090],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,66073,17003],{"class":284},[56,66075,497],{"class":66},[56,66077,53472],{"class":237},[56,66079,67],{"class":66},[56,66081,1077],{"class":79},[56,66083,1080],{"class":66},[56,66085,1448],{"class":937},[56,66087,22027],{"class":941},[56,66089,938],{"class":937},[56,66091,241],{"class":66},[56,66093,66094,66096,66098,66100,66103,66105,66107,66109],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,66095,63],{"class":62},[56,66097,67],{"class":66},[56,66099,938],{"class":937},[56,66101,66102],{"class":941},"After: ",[56,66104,938],{"class":937},[56,66106,1080],{"class":66},[56,66108,12620],{"class":237},[56,66110,241],{"class":66},[14,66112,130],{},[47,66114,66116],{"className":49,"code":66115,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,66117,66118,66150],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66119,66120,66122,66124,66126,66128,66130,66132,66134,66136,66138,66140,66142,66144,66146,66148],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66121,11117],{"class":284},[56,66123,971],{"class":66},[56,66125,3080],{"class":66},[56,66127,1394],{"class":937},[56,66129,12589],{"class":941},[56,66131,1394],{"class":937},[56,66133,1080],{"class":66},[56,66135,1389],{"class":937},[56,66137,12606],{"class":941},[56,66139,1394],{"class":937},[56,66141,1080],{"class":66},[56,66143,1389],{"class":937},[56,66145,16956],{"class":941},[56,66147,1394],{"class":937},[56,66149,3093],{"class":66},[56,66151,66152,66154,66156,66159,66161,66163,66165,66167,66169,66171,66173,66175,66177,66179,66181,66183,66185,66187,66189],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,66153,11170],{"class":284},[56,66155,971],{"class":66},[56,66157,66158],{"class":66},"  [",[56,66160,1394],{"class":937},[56,66162,12589],{"class":941},[56,66164,1394],{"class":937},[56,66166,1080],{"class":66},[56,66168,1389],{"class":937},[56,66170,22027],{"class":941},[56,66172,1394],{"class":937},[56,66174,1080],{"class":66},[56,66176,1389],{"class":937},[56,66178,12606],{"class":941},[56,66180,1394],{"class":937},[56,66182,1080],{"class":66},[56,66184,1389],{"class":937},[56,66186,16956],{"class":941},[56,66188,1394],{"class":937},[56,66190,3093],{"class":66},[14,66192,66193,66194,66196],{},"The new value appears at index ",[18,66195,1077],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[42,66198,66200],{"id":66199},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[14,66202,16,66203,34840,66205,66208],{},[18,66204,35357],{},[18,66206,66207],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[615,66210,66212],{"id":66211},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[14,66214,66215,66216,66218],{},"Use index ",[18,66217,181],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[47,66220,66222],{"className":49,"code":66221,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,66223,66224,66245,66264],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66225,66226,66229,66231,66233,66235,66237,66239,66241,66243],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66227,66228],{"class":284},"nums ",[56,66230,288],{"class":75},[56,66232,3080],{"class":66},[56,66234,115],{"class":79},[56,66236,1080],{"class":66},[56,66238,529],{"class":79},[56,66240,1080],{"class":66},[56,66242,535],{"class":79},[56,66244,3093],{"class":66},[56,66246,66247,66250,66252,66254,66256,66258,66260,66262],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,66248,66249],{"class":284},"nums",[56,66251,497],{"class":66},[56,66253,53472],{"class":237},[56,66255,67],{"class":66},[56,66257,181],{"class":79},[56,66259,1080],{"class":66},[56,66261,4973],{"class":79},[56,66263,241],{"class":66},[56,66265,66266,66268,66270,66272],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,66267,63],{"class":62},[56,66269,67],{"class":66},[56,66271,66249],{"class":237},[56,66273,241],{"class":66},[14,66275,130],{},[47,66277,66278],{"className":49,"code":53026,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,66279,66280],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66281,66282,66284,66286,66288,66290,66292,66294,66296,66298],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66283,3366],{"class":66},[56,66285,1077],{"class":79},[56,66287,1080],{"class":66},[56,66289,1083],{"class":79},[56,66291,1080],{"class":66},[56,66293,529],{"class":79},[56,66295,1080],{"class":66},[56,66297,535],{"class":79},[56,66299,3093],{"class":66},[615,66301,66303],{"id":66302},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[14,66305,66306],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[47,66308,66310],{"className":49,"code":66309,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,66311,66312,66332,66350],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66313,66314,66316,66318,66320,66322,66324,66326,66328,66330],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66315,66228],{"class":284},[56,66317,288],{"class":75},[56,66319,3080],{"class":66},[56,66321,1077],{"class":79},[56,66323,1080],{"class":66},[56,66325,1083],{"class":79},[56,66327,1080],{"class":66},[56,66329,535],{"class":79},[56,66331,3093],{"class":66},[56,66333,66334,66336,66338,66340,66342,66344,66346,66348],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,66335,66249],{"class":284},[56,66337,497],{"class":66},[56,66339,53472],{"class":237},[56,66341,67],{"class":66},[56,66343,115],{"class":79},[56,66345,1080],{"class":66},[56,66347,529],{"class":79},[56,66349,241],{"class":66},[56,66351,66352,66354,66356,66358],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,66353,63],{"class":62},[56,66355,67],{"class":66},[56,66357,66249],{"class":237},[56,66359,241],{"class":66},[14,66361,130],{},[47,66363,66364],{"className":49,"code":53026,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,66365,66366],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66367,66368,66370,66372,66374,66376,66378,66380,66382,66384],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66369,3366],{"class":66},[56,66371,1077],{"class":79},[56,66373,1080],{"class":66},[56,66375,1083],{"class":79},[56,66377,1080],{"class":66},[56,66379,529],{"class":79},[56,66381,1080],{"class":66},[56,66383,535],{"class":79},[56,66385,3093],{"class":66},[615,66387,66389],{"id":66388},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[14,66391,66392],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[47,66394,66396],{"className":49,"code":66395,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[18,66397,66398,66418,66436],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66399,66400,66402,66404,66406,66408,66410,66412,66414,66416],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66401,66228],{"class":284},[56,66403,288],{"class":75},[56,66405,3080],{"class":66},[56,66407,1077],{"class":79},[56,66409,1080],{"class":66},[56,66411,1083],{"class":79},[56,66413,1080],{"class":66},[56,66415,529],{"class":79},[56,66417,3093],{"class":66},[56,66419,66420,66422,66424,66426,66428,66430,66432,66434],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,66421,66249],{"class":284},[56,66423,497],{"class":66},[56,66425,53472],{"class":237},[56,66427,67],{"class":66},[56,66429,406],{"class":79},[56,66431,1080],{"class":66},[56,66433,535],{"class":79},[56,66435,241],{"class":66},[56,66437,66438,66440,66442,66444],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,66439,63],{"class":62},[56,66441,67],{"class":66},[56,66443,66249],{"class":237},[56,66445,241],{"class":66},[14,66447,130],{},[47,66449,66450],{"className":49,"code":53026,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,66451,66452],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66453,66454,66456,66458,66460,66462,66464,66466,66468,66470],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66455,3366],{"class":66},[56,66457,1077],{"class":79},[56,66459,1080],{"class":66},[56,66461,1083],{"class":79},[56,66463,1080],{"class":66},[56,66465,529],{"class":79},[56,66467,1080],{"class":66},[56,66469,535],{"class":79},[56,66471,3093],{"class":66},[615,66473,66475],{"id":66474},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[14,66477,66478,66479,66481],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[18,66480,53789],{}," places the item before that position.",[47,66483,66485],{"className":49,"code":66484,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,66486,66487,66519,66543],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66488,66489,66491,66493,66495,66497,66499,66501,66503,66505,66507,66509,66511,66513,66515,66517],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66490,35602],{"class":284},[56,66492,288],{"class":75},[56,66494,3080],{"class":66},[56,66496,938],{"class":937},[56,66498,372],{"class":941},[56,66500,938],{"class":937},[56,66502,1080],{"class":66},[56,66504,1448],{"class":937},[56,66506,4232],{"class":941},[56,66508,938],{"class":937},[56,66510,1080],{"class":66},[56,66512,1448],{"class":937},[56,66514,18269],{"class":941},[56,66516,938],{"class":937},[56,66518,3093],{"class":66},[56,66520,66521,66523,66525,66527,66529,66531,66533,66535,66537,66539,66541],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,66522,35655],{"class":284},[56,66524,497],{"class":66},[56,66526,53472],{"class":237},[56,66528,67],{"class":66},[56,66530,76],{"class":75},[56,66532,1077],{"class":79},[56,66534,1080],{"class":66},[56,66536,1448],{"class":937},[56,66538,9228],{"class":941},[56,66540,938],{"class":937},[56,66542,241],{"class":66},[56,66544,66545,66547,66549,66551],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,66546,63],{"class":62},[56,66548,67],{"class":66},[56,66550,35655],{"class":237},[56,66552,241],{"class":66},[14,66554,130],{},[47,66556,66558],{"className":49,"code":66557,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,66559,66560],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66561,66562,66564,66566,66568,66570,66572,66574,66576,66578,66580,66582,66584,66586,66588,66590,66592,66594],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66563,3366],{"class":66},[56,66565,1394],{"class":937},[56,66567,372],{"class":941},[56,66569,1394],{"class":937},[56,66571,1080],{"class":66},[56,66573,1389],{"class":937},[56,66575,4232],{"class":941},[56,66577,1394],{"class":937},[56,66579,1080],{"class":66},[56,66581,1389],{"class":937},[56,66583,9228],{"class":941},[56,66585,1394],{"class":937},[56,66587,1080],{"class":66},[56,66589,1389],{"class":937},[56,66591,18269],{"class":941},[56,66593,1394],{"class":937},[56,66595,3093],{"class":66},[14,66597,66598,66599,379],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[372,66600,66601],{"href":50499},"Python lists beginner guide",[42,66603,66605,10075,66607],{"id":66604},"insert-vs-append",[18,66606,53789],{},[18,66608,52173],{},[14,66610,66611],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[615,66613,153,66615,10091],{"id":66614},"use-insert-when",[18,66616,53789],{},[26,66618,66619,66622],{},[29,66620,66621],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[29,66623,66624],{},"The order of the list matters",[615,66626,153,66628,10091],{"id":66627},"use-append-when",[18,66629,52173],{},[26,66631,66632,66635],{},[29,66633,66634],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[29,66636,66637],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[14,66639,274],{},[47,66641,66643],{"className":49,"code":66642,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,66644,66645,66669,66673,66695,66705,66709,66727],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66646,66647,66649,66651,66653,66655,66657,66659,66661,66663,66665,66667],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66648,7261],{"class":284},[56,66650,288],{"class":75},[56,66652,3080],{"class":66},[56,66654,938],{"class":937},[56,66656,3546],{"class":941},[56,66658,938],{"class":937},[56,66660,1080],{"class":66},[56,66662,1448],{"class":937},[56,66664,32729],{"class":941},[56,66666,938],{"class":937},[56,66668,3093],{"class":66},[56,66670,66671],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,66672,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,66674,66675,66677,66679,66681,66683,66685,66687,66689,66691,66693],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,66676,7292],{"class":284},[56,66678,497],{"class":66},[56,66680,53472],{"class":237},[56,66682,67],{"class":66},[56,66684,1077],{"class":79},[56,66686,1080],{"class":66},[56,66688,1448],{"class":937},[56,66690,3555],{"class":941},[56,66692,938],{"class":937},[56,66694,241],{"class":66},[56,66696,66697,66699,66701,66703],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,66698,63],{"class":62},[56,66700,67],{"class":66},[56,66702,7292],{"class":237},[56,66704,241],{"class":66},[56,66706,66707],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,66708,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,66710,66711,66713,66715,66717,66719,66721,66723,66725],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,66712,7292],{"class":284},[56,66714,497],{"class":66},[56,66716,13050],{"class":237},[56,66718,67],{"class":66},[56,66720,938],{"class":937},[56,66722,22036],{"class":941},[56,66724,938],{"class":937},[56,66726,241],{"class":66},[56,66728,66729,66731,66733,66735],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,66730,63],{"class":62},[56,66732,67],{"class":66},[56,66734,7292],{"class":237},[56,66736,241],{"class":66},[14,66738,130],{},[47,66740,66742],{"className":49,"code":66741,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[18,66743,66744,66772],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66745,66746,66748,66750,66752,66754,66756,66758,66760,66762,66764,66766,66768,66770],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66747,3366],{"class":66},[56,66749,1394],{"class":937},[56,66751,3546],{"class":941},[56,66753,1394],{"class":937},[56,66755,1080],{"class":66},[56,66757,1389],{"class":937},[56,66759,3555],{"class":941},[56,66761,1394],{"class":937},[56,66763,1080],{"class":66},[56,66765,1389],{"class":937},[56,66767,32729],{"class":941},[56,66769,1394],{"class":937},[56,66771,3093],{"class":66},[56,66773,66774,66776,66778,66780,66782,66784,66786,66788,66790,66792,66794,66796,66798,66800,66802,66804,66806],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,66775,3366],{"class":66},[56,66777,1394],{"class":937},[56,66779,3546],{"class":941},[56,66781,1394],{"class":937},[56,66783,1080],{"class":66},[56,66785,1389],{"class":937},[56,66787,3555],{"class":941},[56,66789,1394],{"class":937},[56,66791,1080],{"class":66},[56,66793,1389],{"class":937},[56,66795,32729],{"class":941},[56,66797,1394],{"class":937},[56,66799,1080],{"class":66},[56,66801,1389],{"class":937},[56,66803,22036],{"class":941},[56,66805,1394],{"class":937},[56,66807,3093],{"class":66},[14,66809,66810,66811,497],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[372,66812,55041,66813,10231],{"href":56290},[18,66814,52173],{},[14,66816,66817,66818,497],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[372,66819,52570],{"href":52569},[42,66821,3988],{"id":3987},[14,66823,14231,66824,497],{},[18,66825,53789],{},[615,66827,12089,66829],{"id":66828},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[18,66830,53789],{},[14,66832,25195],{},[47,66834,66836],{"className":49,"code":66835,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,66837,66838,66858,66880,66884,66894],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66839,66840,66842,66844,66846,66848,66850,66852,66854,66856],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66841,3075],{"class":284},[56,66843,288],{"class":75},[56,66845,3080],{"class":66},[56,66847,1077],{"class":79},[56,66849,1080],{"class":66},[56,66851,1083],{"class":79},[56,66853,1080],{"class":66},[56,66855,529],{"class":79},[56,66857,3093],{"class":66},[56,66859,66860,66862,66864,66866,66868,66870,66872,66874,66876,66878],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,66861,299],{"class":284},[56,66863,288],{"class":75},[56,66865,3731],{"class":284},[56,66867,497],{"class":66},[56,66869,53472],{"class":237},[56,66871,67],{"class":66},[56,66873,1077],{"class":79},[56,66875,1080],{"class":66},[56,66877,9686],{"class":79},[56,66879,241],{"class":66},[56,66881,66882],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,66883,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,66885,66886,66888,66890,66892],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,66887,63],{"class":62},[56,66889,67],{"class":66},[56,66891,338],{"class":237},[56,66893,241],{"class":66},[56,66895,66896,66898,66900,66902],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,66897,63],{"class":62},[56,66899,67],{"class":66},[56,66901,3107],{"class":237},[56,66903,241],{"class":66},[14,66905,130],{},[47,66907,66909],{"className":49,"code":66908,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[18,66910,66911,66915],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66912,66913],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66914,11302],{"class":3316},[56,66916,66917,66919,66921,66923,66925,66927,66929,66931,66933],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,66918,3366],{"class":66},[56,66920,1077],{"class":79},[56,66922,1080],{"class":66},[56,66924,9686],{"class":79},[56,66926,1080],{"class":66},[56,66928,1083],{"class":79},[56,66930,1080],{"class":66},[56,66932,529],{"class":79},[56,66934,3093],{"class":66},[14,66936,66937,53674,66939,497],{},[18,66938,53789],{},[18,66940,3241],{},[14,66942,16143],{},[47,66944,66946],{"className":49,"code":66945,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[18,66947,66948],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66949,66950,66952,66954,66956,66958,66960,66962,66964,66966,66968],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66951,55411],{"class":284},[56,66953,288],{"class":75},[56,66955,3731],{"class":284},[56,66957,497],{"class":66},[56,66959,53472],{"class":237},[56,66961,67],{"class":66},[56,66963,1077],{"class":79},[56,66965,1080],{"class":66},[56,66967,9686],{"class":79},[56,66969,241],{"class":66},[14,66971,66972],{},"Right:",[47,66974,66976],{"className":49,"code":66975,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[18,66977,66978],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,66979,66980,66982,66984,66986,66988,66990,66992,66994],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,66981,3107],{"class":284},[56,66983,497],{"class":66},[56,66985,53472],{"class":237},[56,66987,67],{"class":66},[56,66989,1077],{"class":79},[56,66991,1080],{"class":66},[56,66993,9686],{"class":79},[56,66995,241],{"class":66},[615,66997,66999],{"id":66998},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[14,67001,67002],{},"The correct order is:",[47,67004,67005],{"className":49,"code":65858,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,67006,67007],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67008,67009,67011,67013,67015,67017,67019,67021,67023],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67010,7823],{"class":284},[56,67012,497],{"class":66},[56,67014,53472],{"class":237},[56,67016,67],{"class":66},[56,67018,35357],{"class":237},[56,67020,1080],{"class":66},[56,67022,29013],{"class":237},[56,67024,241],{"class":66},[14,67026,67027],{},"Not:",[47,67029,67031],{"className":49,"code":67030,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[18,67032,67033],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67034,67035,67037,67039,67041,67043,67045,67047,67049],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67036,7823],{"class":284},[56,67038,497],{"class":66},[56,67040,53472],{"class":237},[56,67042,67],{"class":66},[56,67044,22814],{"class":237},[56,67046,1080],{"class":66},[56,67048,35332],{"class":237},[56,67050,241],{"class":66},[14,67052,274],{},[47,67054,67055],{"className":49,"code":65900,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,67056,67057,67081,67103],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67058,67059,67061,67063,67065,67067,67069,67071,67073,67075,67077,67079],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67060,35602],{"class":284},[56,67062,288],{"class":75},[56,67064,3080],{"class":66},[56,67066,938],{"class":937},[56,67068,372],{"class":941},[56,67070,938],{"class":937},[56,67072,1080],{"class":66},[56,67074,1448],{"class":937},[56,67076,9228],{"class":941},[56,67078,938],{"class":937},[56,67080,3093],{"class":66},[56,67082,67083,67085,67087,67089,67091,67093,67095,67097,67099,67101],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,67084,35655],{"class":284},[56,67086,497],{"class":66},[56,67088,53472],{"class":237},[56,67090,67],{"class":66},[56,67092,1077],{"class":79},[56,67094,1080],{"class":66},[56,67096,1448],{"class":937},[56,67098,4232],{"class":941},[56,67100,938],{"class":937},[56,67102,241],{"class":66},[56,67104,67105,67107,67109,67111],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,67106,63],{"class":62},[56,67108,67],{"class":66},[56,67110,35655],{"class":237},[56,67112,241],{"class":66},[14,67114,130],{},[47,67116,67117],{"className":49,"code":42392,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,67118,67119],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67120,67121,67123,67125,67127,67129,67131,67133,67135,67137,67139,67141,67143,67145],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67122,3366],{"class":66},[56,67124,1394],{"class":937},[56,67126,372],{"class":941},[56,67128,1394],{"class":937},[56,67130,1080],{"class":66},[56,67132,1389],{"class":937},[56,67134,4232],{"class":941},[56,67136,1394],{"class":937},[56,67138,1080],{"class":66},[56,67140,1389],{"class":937},[56,67142,9228],{"class":941},[56,67144,1394],{"class":937},[56,67146,3093],{"class":66},[615,67148,7938,67150,67152],{"id":67149},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[18,67151,53789],{}," to replace an item",[14,67154,67155,67157],{},[18,67156,53789],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[47,67159,67161],{"className":49,"code":67160,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67162,67163,67183,67201],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67164,67165,67167,67169,67171,67173,67175,67177,67179,67181],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67166,3075],{"class":284},[56,67168,288],{"class":75},[56,67170,3080],{"class":66},[56,67172,1077],{"class":79},[56,67174,1080],{"class":66},[56,67176,1083],{"class":79},[56,67178,1080],{"class":66},[56,67180,529],{"class":79},[56,67182,3093],{"class":66},[56,67184,67185,67187,67189,67191,67193,67195,67197,67199],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,67186,3107],{"class":284},[56,67188,497],{"class":66},[56,67190,53472],{"class":237},[56,67192,67],{"class":66},[56,67194,1077],{"class":79},[56,67196,1080],{"class":66},[56,67198,9686],{"class":79},[56,67200,241],{"class":66},[56,67202,67203,67205,67207,67209],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,67204,63],{"class":62},[56,67206,67],{"class":66},[56,67208,3107],{"class":237},[56,67210,241],{"class":66},[14,67212,130],{},[47,67214,67216],{"className":49,"code":67215,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[18,67217,67218],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67219,67220,67222,67224,67226,67228,67230,67232,67234,67236],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67221,3366],{"class":66},[56,67223,1077],{"class":79},[56,67225,1080],{"class":66},[56,67227,9686],{"class":79},[56,67229,1080],{"class":66},[56,67231,1083],{"class":79},[56,67233,1080],{"class":66},[56,67235,529],{"class":79},[56,67237,3093],{"class":66},[14,67239,67240],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[47,67242,67244],{"className":49,"code":67243,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67245,67246,67266,67280],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67247,67248,67250,67252,67254,67256,67258,67260,67262,67264],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67249,3075],{"class":284},[56,67251,288],{"class":75},[56,67253,3080],{"class":66},[56,67255,1077],{"class":79},[56,67257,1080],{"class":66},[56,67259,1083],{"class":79},[56,67261,1080],{"class":66},[56,67263,529],{"class":79},[56,67265,3093],{"class":66},[56,67267,67268,67270,67272,67274,67276,67278],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,67269,3107],{"class":284},[56,67271,3366],{"class":66},[56,67273,1077],{"class":79},[56,67275,12770],{"class":66},[56,67277,12773],{"class":75},[56,67279,13628],{"class":79},[56,67281,67282,67284,67286,67288],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,67283,63],{"class":62},[56,67285,67],{"class":66},[56,67287,3107],{"class":237},[56,67289,241],{"class":66},[14,67291,130],{},[47,67293,67295],{"className":49,"code":67294,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[18,67296,67297],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67298,67299,67301,67303,67305,67307,67309,67311],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67300,3366],{"class":66},[56,67302,1077],{"class":79},[56,67304,1080],{"class":66},[56,67306,9686],{"class":79},[56,67308,1080],{"class":66},[56,67310,529],{"class":79},[56,67312,3093],{"class":66},[615,67314,67316],{"id":67315},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[14,67318,67319,67321],{},[18,67320,53789],{}," adds one item each time.",[14,67323,67324],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[47,67326,67328],{"className":49,"code":67327,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,67329,67330,67346,67370],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67331,67332,67334,67336,67338,67340,67342,67344],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67333,3075],{"class":284},[56,67335,288],{"class":75},[56,67337,3080],{"class":66},[56,67339,1077],{"class":79},[56,67341,1080],{"class":66},[56,67343,535],{"class":79},[56,67345,3093],{"class":66},[56,67347,67348,67350,67352,67354,67356,67358,67360,67362,67364,67366,67368],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,67349,3107],{"class":284},[56,67351,497],{"class":66},[56,67353,53472],{"class":237},[56,67355,67],{"class":66},[56,67357,1077],{"class":79},[56,67359,1080],{"class":66},[56,67361,3080],{"class":66},[56,67363,115],{"class":79},[56,67365,1080],{"class":66},[56,67367,529],{"class":79},[56,67369,3354],{"class":66},[56,67371,67372,67374,67376,67378],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,67373,63],{"class":62},[56,67375,67],{"class":66},[56,67377,3107],{"class":237},[56,67379,241],{"class":66},[14,67381,130],{},[47,67383,67385],{"className":49,"code":67384,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[18,67386,67387],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67388,67389,67391,67393,67395,67397,67399,67401,67403,67405,67407],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67390,3366],{"class":66},[56,67392,1077],{"class":79},[56,67394,1080],{"class":66},[56,67396,3080],{"class":66},[56,67398,115],{"class":79},[56,67400,1080],{"class":66},[56,67402,529],{"class":79},[56,67404,17563],{"class":66},[56,67406,535],{"class":79},[56,67408,3093],{"class":66},[14,67410,67411,67412,497],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[372,67413,55041,67414,10231],{"href":52865},[18,67415,52967],{},[615,67417,67419],{"id":67418},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[14,67421,8362,67422,67424],{},[18,67423,53789],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[47,67426,67428],{"className":49,"code":67427,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[18,67429,67430,67440,67454,67472,67486],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67431,67432,67434,67436,67438],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67433,63],{"class":62},[56,67435,67],{"class":66},[56,67437,7823],{"class":237},[56,67439,241],{"class":66},[56,67441,67442,67444,67446,67448,67450,67452],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,67443,63],{"class":62},[56,67445,67],{"class":66},[56,67447,10653],{"class":62},[56,67449,67],{"class":66},[56,67451,7823],{"class":237},[56,67453,83],{"class":66},[56,67455,67456,67458,67460,67462,67464,67466,67468,67470],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,67457,63],{"class":62},[56,67459,67],{"class":66},[56,67461,7823],{"class":237},[56,67463,497],{"class":66},[56,67465,53472],{"class":24254},[56,67467,497],{"class":66},[56,67469,33955],{"class":33962},[56,67471,241],{"class":66},[56,67473,67474,67476,67478,67480,67482,67484],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,67475,31660],{"class":62},[56,67477,67],{"class":66},[56,67479,7577],{"class":989},[56,67481,497],{"class":66},[56,67483,53472],{"class":24254},[56,67485,241],{"class":66},[56,67487,67488,67490,67492,67494],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,67489,1314],{"class":989},[56,67491,67],{"class":66},[56,67493,7823],{"class":237},[56,67495,241],{"class":66},[14,67497,67498],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[26,67500,67501,67504,67507,67510],{},[29,67502,67503],{},"What is currently in the list",[29,67505,67506],{},"How long the list is",[29,67508,67509],{},"That you are working with a real list",[29,67511,67512],{},"How Python describes the method",[42,67514,4433,67516],{"id":67515},"when-to-use-insert",[18,67517,53789],{},[14,67519,153,67520,67522],{},[18,67521,53789],{}," when position matters.",[14,67524,35938],{},[26,67526,67527,67530,67533,67536],{},[29,67528,67529],{},"Ordered menus",[29,67531,67532],{},"Rankings or score lists",[29,67534,67535],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[29,67537,67538],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[14,67540,67541,67542,67544,67545,67547,67548,67550],{},"You usually do ",[3205,67543,4101],{}," need ",[18,67546,53789],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[18,67549,52173],{}," is simpler.",[14,67552,67553,67554,497],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[372,67555,56676],{"href":56675},[42,67557,1553],{"id":1552},[615,67559,12199,67561,54990],{"id":67560},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[18,67562,53432],{},[14,67564,67565,67566,497],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[18,67567,3241],{},[615,67569,67571],{"id":67570},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[14,67573,67574],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[615,67576,4643,67578,67580],{"id":67577},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[18,67579,53432],{}," add multiple items?",[14,67582,67583,67584,67586],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[18,67585,52967],{}," or slicing.",[615,67588,4653,67590,3862,67592,571],{"id":67589},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[18,67591,53789],{},[18,67593,52173],{},[14,67595,67596,67598,67599,67601],{},[18,67597,53789],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[18,67600,52173],{}," adds only at the end.",[42,67603,1601],{"id":1600},[26,67605,67606,67612,67618,67622,67626,67630],{},[29,67607,67608],{},[372,67609,55041,67610,10231],{"href":56290},[18,67611,52173],{},[29,67613,67614],{},[372,67615,55041,67616,10231],{"href":52865},[18,67617,52967],{},[29,67619,67620],{},[372,67621,53799],{"href":52569},[29,67623,67624],{},[372,67625,52292],{"href":50499},[29,67627,67628],{},[372,67629,56750],{"href":56675},[29,67631,67632],{},[372,67633,29854,67634,33142],{"href":53817},[18,67635,67636],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1633,67638,67639],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":67641},[67642,67644,67645,67646,67652,67659,67668,67670,67679],{"id":65827,"depth":86,"text":67643},"What list.insert() does",{"id":4905,"depth":86,"text":4906},{"id":5262,"depth":86,"text":5263},{"id":66199,"depth":86,"text":66200,"children":67647},[67648,67649,67650,67651],{"id":66211,"depth":102,"text":66212},{"id":66302,"depth":102,"text":66303},{"id":66388,"depth":102,"text":66389},{"id":66474,"depth":102,"text":66475},{"id":66604,"depth":86,"text":67653,"children":67654},"insert() vs append()",[67655,67657],{"id":66614,"depth":102,"text":67656},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66627,"depth":102,"text":67658},"Use append() when:",{"id":3987,"depth":86,"text":3988,"children":67660},[67661,67663,67664,67666,67667],{"id":66828,"depth":102,"text":67662},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":66998,"depth":102,"text":66999},{"id":67149,"depth":102,"text":67665},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67315,"depth":102,"text":67316},{"id":67418,"depth":102,"text":67419},{"id":67515,"depth":86,"text":67669},"When to use insert()",{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":67671},[67672,67674,67675,67677],{"id":67560,"depth":102,"text":67673},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67570,"depth":102,"text":67571},{"id":67577,"depth":102,"text":67676},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67589,"depth":102,"text":67678},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65737,"description":67680},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67687,"title":67688,"body":67689,"description":69244,"extension":1665,"meta":69245,"navigation":316,"path":58495,"seo":69246,"stem":69247,"__hash__":69248},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67690,"toc":69217},[67691,67697,67706,67755,67757,67765,67771,67773,67791,67797,67802,67805,67808,67823,67825,67877,67879,67887,67895,67902,67904,67910,67975,67977,67985,67987,68006,68009,68060,68064,68069,68096,68098,68106,68109,68178,68180,68195,68201,68205,68214,68217,68272,68274,68282,68285,68287,68332,68334,68342,68348,68350,68358,68361,68363,68402,68404,68443,68448,68450,68452,68487,68490,68492,68530,68534,68540,68542,68593,68595,68603,68610,68613,68634,68637,68692,68703,68705,68766,68768,68777,68784,68790,68793,68796,68853,68856,68869,68876,68882,68888,68890,68903,68906,69003,69005,69022,69025,69107,69109,69131,69138,69144,69146,69150,69156,69162,69167,69171,69174,69180,69187,69189,69214],[10,67692,67694,67695,3120],{"id":67693},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[18,67696,10653],{},[14,67698,67699,67700,67702,67703,67705],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[18,67701,41877],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[18,67704,41877],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[47,67707,67709],{"className":49,"code":67708,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[18,67710,67711,67731,67745],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67712,67713,67715,67717,67719,67721,67723,67725,67727,67729],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67714,3075],{"class":284},[56,67716,288],{"class":75},[56,67718,3080],{"class":66},[56,67720,406],{"class":79},[56,67722,1080],{"class":66},[56,67724,7272],{"class":79},[56,67726,1080],{"class":66},[56,67728,7277],{"class":79},[56,67730,3093],{"class":66},[56,67732,67733,67735,67737,67739,67741,67743],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,67734,40757],{"class":284},[56,67736,288],{"class":75},[56,67738,37900],{"class":62},[56,67740,67],{"class":66},[56,67742,3107],{"class":237},[56,67744,241],{"class":66},[56,67746,67747,67749,67751,67753],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,67748,63],{"class":62},[56,67750,67],{"class":66},[56,67752,40775],{"class":237},[56,67754,241],{"class":66},[14,67756,130],{},[47,67758,67759],{"className":49,"code":46135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,67760,67761],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67762,67763],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67764,46135],{"class":79},[14,67766,153,67767,67770],{},[18,67768,67769],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[42,67772,14661],{"id":14660},[26,67774,67775,67780,67785,67788],{},[29,67776,3666,67777,67779],{},[18,67778,41877],{}," works with Python lists",[29,67781,67782,67783,11199],{},"What value ",[18,67784,41877],{},[29,67786,67787],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[29,67789,67790],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[42,67792,3138,67794,67796],{"id":67793},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[18,67795,41877],{}," returns for a list",[14,67798,67799,64609],{},[18,67800,67801],{},"len(my_list)",[14,67803,67804],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[14,67806,67807],{},"A few important points:",[26,67809,67810,67813,67818],{},[29,67811,67812],{},"It counts list items",[29,67814,40421,67815,67817],{},[3205,67816,4101],{}," count characters inside a string item",[29,67819,67820,67821],{},"An empty list returns ",[18,67822,181],{},[14,67824,274],{},[47,67826,67828],{"className":49,"code":67827,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,67829,67830,67863],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67831,67832,67834,67836,67838,67840,67842,67844,67846,67848,67851,67853,67855,67857,67859,67861],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67833,3537],{"class":284},[56,67835,288],{"class":75},[56,67837,3080],{"class":66},[56,67839,938],{"class":937},[56,67841,36560],{"class":941},[56,67843,938],{"class":937},[56,67845,1080],{"class":66},[56,67847,1448],{"class":937},[56,67849,67850],{"class":941},"elephant",[56,67852,938],{"class":937},[56,67854,1080],{"class":66},[56,67856,1448],{"class":937},[56,67858,57649],{"class":941},[56,67860,938],{"class":937},[56,67862,3093],{"class":66},[56,67864,67865,67867,67869,67871,67873,67875],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,67866,63],{"class":62},[56,67868,67],{"class":66},[56,67870,10653],{"class":62},[56,67872,67],{"class":66},[56,67874,3581],{"class":237},[56,67876,83],{"class":66},[14,67878,130],{},[47,67880,67881],{"className":49,"code":46135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,67882,67883],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67884,67885],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67886,46135],{"class":79},[14,67888,20480,67889,67892,67893,64616],{},[18,67890,67891],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[3205,67894,52177],{},[14,67896,67897,67898,497],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[372,67899,3031,67900,1610],{"href":41874},[18,67901,41877],{},[42,67903,5263],{"id":5262},[14,67905,67906,67907,67909],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[18,67908,41877],{},", and print the result.",[47,67911,67913],{"className":49,"code":67912,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[18,67914,67915,67947,67961,67965],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67916,67917,67919,67921,67923,67925,67927,67929,67931,67933,67935,67937,67939,67941,67943,67945],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67918,12572],{"class":284},[56,67920,288],{"class":75},[56,67922,3080],{"class":66},[56,67924,938],{"class":937},[56,67926,12589],{"class":941},[56,67928,938],{"class":937},[56,67930,1080],{"class":66},[56,67932,1448],{"class":937},[56,67934,16956],{"class":941},[56,67936,938],{"class":937},[56,67938,1080],{"class":66},[56,67940,1448],{"class":937},[56,67942,12606],{"class":941},[56,67944,938],{"class":937},[56,67946,3093],{"class":66},[56,67948,67949,67951,67953,67955,67957,67959],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,67950,40757],{"class":284},[56,67952,288],{"class":75},[56,67954,37900],{"class":62},[56,67956,67],{"class":66},[56,67958,17003],{"class":237},[56,67960,241],{"class":66},[56,67962,67963],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,67964,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,67966,67967,67969,67971,67973],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,67968,63],{"class":62},[56,67970,67],{"class":66},[56,67972,40775],{"class":237},[56,67974,241],{"class":66},[14,67976,130],{},[47,67978,67979],{"className":49,"code":46135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,67980,67981],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,67982,67983],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,67984,46135],{"class":79},[14,67986,11177],{},[26,67988,67989,67994,68001],{},[29,67990,67991,67993],{},[18,67992,17003],{}," is a list with 3 items",[29,67995,67996,473,67999],{},[18,67997,67998],{},"len(colors)",[18,68000,121],{},[29,68002,68003,68004],{},"That value is stored in ",[18,68005,40775],{},[14,68007,68008],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[47,68010,68012],{"className":49,"code":68011,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,68013,68014,68046],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68015,68016,68018,68020,68022,68024,68026,68028,68030,68032,68034,68036,68038,68040,68042,68044],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68017,12572],{"class":284},[56,68019,288],{"class":75},[56,68021,3080],{"class":66},[56,68023,938],{"class":937},[56,68025,12589],{"class":941},[56,68027,938],{"class":937},[56,68029,1080],{"class":66},[56,68031,1448],{"class":937},[56,68033,16956],{"class":941},[56,68035,938],{"class":937},[56,68037,1080],{"class":66},[56,68039,1448],{"class":937},[56,68041,12606],{"class":941},[56,68043,938],{"class":937},[56,68045,3093],{"class":66},[56,68047,68048,68050,68052,68054,68056,68058],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,68049,63],{"class":62},[56,68051,67],{"class":66},[56,68053,10653],{"class":62},[56,68055,67],{"class":66},[56,68057,17003],{"class":237},[56,68059,83],{"class":66},[42,68061,68063],{"id":68062},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[14,68065,68066,68067,497],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[18,68068,181],{},[47,68070,68072],{"className":49,"code":68071,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[18,68073,68074,68082],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68075,68076,68078,68080],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68077,7261],{"class":284},[56,68079,288],{"class":75},[56,68081,7321],{"class":66},[56,68083,68084,68086,68088,68090,68092,68094],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,68085,63],{"class":62},[56,68087,67],{"class":66},[56,68089,10653],{"class":62},[56,68091,67],{"class":66},[56,68093,7292],{"class":237},[56,68095,83],{"class":66},[14,68097,130],{},[47,68099,68100],{"className":49,"code":46770,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,68101,68102],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68103,68104],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68105,46770],{"class":79},[14,68107,68108],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[47,68110,68112],{"className":49,"code":68111,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[18,68113,68114,68122,68126,68144,68158,68164],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68115,68116,68118,68120],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68117,7261],{"class":284},[56,68119,288],{"class":75},[56,68121,7321],{"class":66},[56,68123,68124],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,68125,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,68127,68128,68130,68132,68134,68136,68138,68140,68142],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,68129,6477],{"class":3341},[56,68131,37900],{"class":62},[56,68133,67],{"class":66},[56,68135,7292],{"class":237},[56,68137,3120],{"class":66},[56,68139,37910],{"class":75},[56,68141,3297],{"class":79},[56,68143,5871],{"class":66},[56,68145,68146,68148,68150,68152,68154,68156],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,68147,7552],{"class":62},[56,68149,67],{"class":66},[56,68151,7292],{"class":237},[56,68153,3366],{"class":66},[56,68155,181],{"class":79},[56,68157,3354],{"class":66},[56,68159,68160,68162],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,68161,26939],{"class":3341},[56,68163,5871],{"class":66},[56,68165,68166,68168,68170,68172,68174,68176],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,68167,7552],{"class":62},[56,68169,67],{"class":66},[56,68171,938],{"class":937},[56,68173,51336],{"class":941},[56,68175,938],{"class":937},[56,68177,241],{"class":66},[14,68179,130],{},[47,68181,68183],{"className":49,"code":68182,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"The list is empty\n",[18,68184,68185],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68186,68187,68189,68191,68193],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68188,16],{"class":284},[56,68190,7577],{"class":989},[56,68192,7580],{"class":75},[56,68194,7586],{"class":284},[14,68196,68197,68198,68200],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[372,68199,52292],{"href":50499}," is a good next step.",[42,68202,68204],{"id":68203},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[14,68206,68207,68209,68210,68213],{},[18,68208,41877],{}," counts only the ",[3205,68211,68212],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[14,68215,68216],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[47,68218,68220],{"className":49,"code":68219,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[18,68221,68222,68258],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68223,68224,68226,68228,68230,68232,68234,68236,68238,68240,68242,68244,68246,68248,68250,68252,68254,68256],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68225,8653],{"class":284},[56,68227,288],{"class":75},[56,68229,55815],{"class":66},[56,68231,1077],{"class":79},[56,68233,1080],{"class":66},[56,68235,1083],{"class":79},[56,68237,17563],{"class":66},[56,68239,3080],{"class":66},[56,68241,121],{"class":79},[56,68243,1080],{"class":66},[56,68245,535],{"class":79},[56,68247,17563],{"class":66},[56,68249,3080],{"class":66},[56,68251,198],{"class":79},[56,68253,1080],{"class":66},[56,68255,37157],{"class":79},[56,68257,52763],{"class":66},[56,68259,68260,68262,68264,68266,68268,68270],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,68261,63],{"class":62},[56,68263,67],{"class":66},[56,68265,10653],{"class":62},[56,68267,67],{"class":66},[56,68269,8692],{"class":237},[56,68271,83],{"class":66},[14,68273,130],{},[47,68275,68276],{"className":49,"code":46135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,68277,68278],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68279,68280],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68281,46135],{"class":79},[14,68283,68284],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[14,68286,51600],{},[47,68288,68290],{"className":49,"code":68289,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[18,68291,68292,68318],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68293,68294,68296,68298,68300,68302,68304,68306,68308,68310,68312,68314,68316],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68295,58995],{"class":284},[56,68297,288],{"class":75},[56,68299,3080],{"class":66},[56,68301,1077],{"class":79},[56,68303,1080],{"class":66},[56,68305,3080],{"class":66},[56,68307,115],{"class":79},[56,68309,1080],{"class":66},[56,68311,529],{"class":79},[56,68313,17563],{"class":66},[56,68315,535],{"class":79},[56,68317,3093],{"class":66},[56,68319,68320,68322,68324,68326,68328,68330],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,68321,63],{"class":62},[56,68323,67],{"class":66},[56,68325,10653],{"class":62},[56,68327,67],{"class":66},[56,68329,59048],{"class":237},[56,68331,83],{"class":66},[14,68333,130],{},[47,68335,68336],{"className":49,"code":46135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,68337,68338],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68339,68340],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68341,46135],{"class":79},[14,68343,20480,68344,68347],{},[18,68345,68346],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[42,68349,3988],{"id":3987},[615,68351,7902,68353,10583,68356],{"id":68352},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[18,68354,68355],{},"my_list.len()",[18,68357,67801],{},[14,68359,68360],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[14,68362,16143],{},[47,68364,68366],{"className":49,"code":68365,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[18,68367,68368,68388],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68369,68370,68372,68374,68376,68378,68380,68382,68384,68386],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68371,3075],{"class":284},[56,68373,288],{"class":75},[56,68375,3080],{"class":66},[56,68377,406],{"class":79},[56,68379,1080],{"class":66},[56,68381,7272],{"class":79},[56,68383,1080],{"class":66},[56,68385,7277],{"class":79},[56,68387,3093],{"class":66},[56,68389,68390,68392,68394,68396,68398,68400],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,68391,63],{"class":62},[56,68393,67],{"class":66},[56,68395,3107],{"class":237},[56,68397,497],{"class":66},[56,68399,10653],{"class":237},[56,68401,6674],{"class":66},[14,68403,16155],{},[47,68405,68407],{"className":49,"code":68406,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,68408,68409,68429],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68410,68411,68413,68415,68417,68419,68421,68423,68425,68427],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68412,3075],{"class":284},[56,68414,288],{"class":75},[56,68416,3080],{"class":66},[56,68418,406],{"class":79},[56,68420,1080],{"class":66},[56,68422,7272],{"class":79},[56,68424,1080],{"class":66},[56,68426,7277],{"class":79},[56,68428,3093],{"class":66},[56,68430,68431,68433,68435,68437,68439,68441],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,68432,63],{"class":62},[56,68434,67],{"class":66},[56,68436,10653],{"class":62},[56,68438,67],{"class":66},[56,68440,3107],{"class":237},[56,68442,83],{"class":66},[14,68444,68445,68447],{},[18,68446,41877],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[615,68449,25192],{"id":25191},[14,68451,16143],{},[47,68453,68455],{"className":49,"code":68454,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[18,68456,68457,68477],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68458,68459,68461,68463,68465,68467,68469,68471,68473,68475],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68460,3075],{"class":284},[56,68462,288],{"class":75},[56,68464,3080],{"class":66},[56,68466,406],{"class":79},[56,68468,1080],{"class":66},[56,68470,7272],{"class":79},[56,68472,1080],{"class":66},[56,68474,7277],{"class":79},[56,68476,3093],{"class":66},[56,68478,68479,68481,68483,68485],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,68480,63],{"class":62},[56,68482,67],{"class":66},[56,68484,10653],{"class":62},[56,68486,241],{"class":66},[14,68488,68489],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[14,68491,16155],{},[47,68493,68494],{"className":49,"code":68406,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,68495,68496,68516],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68497,68498,68500,68502,68504,68506,68508,68510,68512,68514],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68499,3075],{"class":284},[56,68501,288],{"class":75},[56,68503,3080],{"class":66},[56,68505,406],{"class":79},[56,68507,1080],{"class":66},[56,68509,7272],{"class":79},[56,68511,1080],{"class":66},[56,68513,7277],{"class":79},[56,68515,3093],{"class":66},[56,68517,68518,68520,68522,68524,68526,68528],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,68519,63],{"class":62},[56,68521,67],{"class":66},[56,68523,10653],{"class":62},[56,68525,67],{"class":66},[56,68527,3107],{"class":237},[56,68529,83],{"class":66},[615,68531,68533],{"id":68532},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[14,68535,68536,68537,68539],{},"The length of a list is ",[3205,68538,4101],{}," the same as the last index.",[14,68541,274],{},[47,68543,68545],{"className":49,"code":68544,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[18,68546,68547,68579],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68548,68549,68551,68553,68555,68557,68559,68561,68563,68565,68567,68569,68571,68573,68575,68577],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68550,35602],{"class":284},[56,68552,288],{"class":75},[56,68554,3080],{"class":66},[56,68556,938],{"class":937},[56,68558,372],{"class":941},[56,68560,938],{"class":937},[56,68562,1080],{"class":66},[56,68564,1448],{"class":937},[56,68566,4232],{"class":941},[56,68568,938],{"class":937},[56,68570,1080],{"class":66},[56,68572,1448],{"class":937},[56,68574,9228],{"class":941},[56,68576,938],{"class":937},[56,68578,3093],{"class":66},[56,68580,68581,68583,68585,68587,68589,68591],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,68582,63],{"class":62},[56,68584,67],{"class":66},[56,68586,10653],{"class":62},[56,68588,67],{"class":66},[56,68590,35655],{"class":237},[56,68592,83],{"class":66},[14,68594,130],{},[47,68596,68597],{"className":49,"code":46135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,68598,68599],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68600,68601],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68602,46135],{"class":79},[14,68604,68605,68606,18465,68608,497],{},"But the last index is ",[18,68607,115],{},[18,68609,121],{},[14,68611,68612],{},"Indexes are:",[26,68614,68615,68622,68628],{},[29,68616,68617,68619,68620],{},[18,68618,181],{}," for ",[18,68621,17597],{},[29,68623,68624,68619,68626],{},[18,68625,1077],{},[18,68627,65119],{},[29,68629,68630,68619,68632],{},[18,68631,115],{},[18,68633,66005],{},[14,68635,68636],{},"So this causes an error:",[47,68638,68640],{"className":49,"code":68639,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[18,68641,68642,68674],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68643,68644,68646,68648,68650,68652,68654,68656,68658,68660,68662,68664,68666,68668,68670,68672],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68645,35602],{"class":284},[56,68647,288],{"class":75},[56,68649,3080],{"class":66},[56,68651,938],{"class":937},[56,68653,372],{"class":941},[56,68655,938],{"class":937},[56,68657,1080],{"class":66},[56,68659,1448],{"class":937},[56,68661,4232],{"class":941},[56,68663,938],{"class":937},[56,68665,1080],{"class":66},[56,68667,1448],{"class":937},[56,68669,9228],{"class":941},[56,68671,938],{"class":937},[56,68673,3093],{"class":66},[56,68675,68676,68678,68680,68682,68684,68686,68688,68690],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,68677,63],{"class":62},[56,68679,67],{"class":66},[56,68681,35655],{"class":237},[56,68683,3366],{"class":66},[56,68685,10653],{"class":62},[56,68687,67],{"class":66},[56,68689,35655],{"class":237},[56,68691,10169],{"class":66},[14,68693,7981,68694,4255,68697,68699,68700,68702],{},[18,68695,68696],{},"len(letters)",[18,68698,121],{},", and index ",[18,68701,121],{}," does not exist.",[14,68704,18342],{},[47,68706,68708],{"className":49,"code":68707,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[18,68709,68710,68742],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68711,68712,68714,68716,68718,68720,68722,68724,68726,68728,68730,68732,68734,68736,68738,68740],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68713,35602],{"class":284},[56,68715,288],{"class":75},[56,68717,3080],{"class":66},[56,68719,938],{"class":937},[56,68721,372],{"class":941},[56,68723,938],{"class":937},[56,68725,1080],{"class":66},[56,68727,1448],{"class":937},[56,68729,4232],{"class":941},[56,68731,938],{"class":937},[56,68733,1080],{"class":66},[56,68735,1448],{"class":937},[56,68737,9228],{"class":941},[56,68739,938],{"class":937},[56,68741,3093],{"class":66},[56,68743,68744,68746,68748,68750,68752,68754,68756,68758,68760,68762,68764],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,68745,63],{"class":62},[56,68747,67],{"class":66},[56,68749,35655],{"class":237},[56,68751,3366],{"class":66},[56,68753,10653],{"class":62},[56,68755,67],{"class":66},[56,68757,35655],{"class":237},[56,68759,3120],{"class":66},[56,68761,291],{"class":75},[56,68763,4973],{"class":79},[56,68765,3354],{"class":66},[14,68767,130],{},[47,68769,68771],{"className":49,"code":68770,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"c\n",[18,68772,68773],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68774,68775],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68776,68770],{"class":284},[14,68778,68779,68780,497],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[372,68781,68783],{"href":68782},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[615,68785,7902,68787,68789],{"id":68786},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[18,68788,41877],{}," on the wrong variable",[14,68791,68792],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[14,68794,68795],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[47,68797,68799],{"className":49,"code":68798,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[18,68800,68801,68811,68825,68839],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68802,68803,68805,68807,68809],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68804,63],{"class":62},[56,68806,67],{"class":66},[56,68808,7823],{"class":237},[56,68810,241],{"class":66},[56,68812,68813,68815,68817,68819,68821,68823],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,68814,63],{"class":62},[56,68816,67],{"class":66},[56,68818,10653],{"class":62},[56,68820,67],{"class":66},[56,68822,7823],{"class":237},[56,68824,83],{"class":66},[56,68826,68827,68829,68831,68833,68835,68837],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,68828,63],{"class":62},[56,68830,67],{"class":66},[56,68832,1314],{"class":989},[56,68834,67],{"class":66},[56,68836,7823],{"class":237},[56,68838,83],{"class":66},[56,68840,68841,68843,68845,68847,68849,68851],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,68842,63],{"class":62},[56,68844,67],{"class":66},[56,68846,7823],{"class":237},[56,68848,3366],{"class":66},[56,68850,181],{"class":79},[56,68852,3354],{"class":66},[14,68854,68855],{},"These help you verify:",[26,68857,68858,68861,68863,68866],{},[29,68859,68860],{},"what the variable contains",[29,68862,60307],{},[29,68864,68865],{},"whether it is really a list",[29,68867,68868],{},"what the first item is",[14,68870,68871,68872,68875],{},"Be careful with ",[18,68873,68874],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[42,68877,4433,68879,68881],{"id":68878},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[18,68880,41877],{}," with lists",[14,68883,68884,68885,68887],{},"You will often use ",[18,68886,41877],{}," in real programs.",[14,68889,8862],{},[26,68891,68892,68894,68897,68900],{},[29,68893,51290],{},[29,68895,68896],{},"Control loops",[29,68898,68899],{},"Validate input or results",[29,68901,68902],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[14,68904,68905],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[47,68907,68909],{"className":49,"code":68908,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[18,68910,68911,68931,68947,68951,68965,68979],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,68912,68913,68915,68917,68919,68921,68923,68925,68927,68929],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,68914,635],{"class":284},[56,68916,288],{"class":75},[56,68918,3080],{"class":66},[56,68920,1077],{"class":79},[56,68922,1080],{"class":66},[56,68924,1083],{"class":79},[56,68926,1080],{"class":66},[56,68928,529],{"class":79},[56,68930,3093],{"class":66},[56,68932,68933,68935,68937,68939,68941,68943,68945],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,68934,663],{"class":284},[56,68936,288],{"class":75},[56,68938,3080],{"class":66},[56,68940,406],{"class":79},[56,68942,1080],{"class":66},[56,68944,7272],{"class":79},[56,68946,3093],{"class":66},[56,68948,68949],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,68950,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,68952,68953,68955,68957,68959,68961,68963],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,68954,63],{"class":62},[56,68956,67],{"class":66},[56,68958,10653],{"class":62},[56,68960,67],{"class":66},[56,68962,372],{"class":237},[56,68964,83],{"class":66},[56,68966,68967,68969,68971,68973,68975,68977],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,68968,63],{"class":62},[56,68970,67],{"class":66},[56,68972,10653],{"class":62},[56,68974,67],{"class":66},[56,68976,4232],{"class":237},[56,68978,83],{"class":66},[56,68980,68981,68983,68985,68987,68989,68991,68993,68995,68997,68999,69001],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,68982,63],{"class":62},[56,68984,67],{"class":66},[56,68986,10653],{"class":62},[56,68988,67],{"class":66},[56,68990,372],{"class":237},[56,68992,3120],{"class":66},[56,68994,37910],{"class":75},[56,68996,37900],{"class":62},[56,68998,67],{"class":66},[56,69000,4232],{"class":237},[56,69002,83],{"class":66},[14,69004,130],{},[47,69006,69008],{"className":49,"code":69007,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[18,69009,69010,69014,69018],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69011,69012],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69013,46135],{"class":79},[56,69015,69016],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,69017,16556],{"class":79},[56,69019,69020],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,69021,3446],{"class":3316},[14,69023,69024],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[47,69026,69028],{"className":49,"code":69027,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[18,69029,69030,69062,69066,69088],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69031,69032,69034,69036,69038,69040,69042,69044,69046,69048,69050,69052,69054,69056,69058,69060],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69033,4467],{"class":284},[56,69035,288],{"class":75},[56,69037,3080],{"class":66},[56,69039,938],{"class":937},[56,69041,12376],{"class":941},[56,69043,938],{"class":937},[56,69045,1080],{"class":66},[56,69047,1448],{"class":937},[56,69049,35452],{"class":941},[56,69051,938],{"class":937},[56,69053,1080],{"class":66},[56,69055,1448],{"class":937},[56,69057,35461],{"class":941},[56,69059,938],{"class":937},[56,69061,3093],{"class":66},[56,69063,69064],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,69065,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,69067,69068,69070,69073,69075,69077,69079,69081,69083,69085],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,69069,5434],{"class":3341},[56,69071,69072],{"class":284}," i ",[56,69074,3348],{"class":3341},[56,69076,53591],{"class":62},[56,69078,67],{"class":66},[56,69080,10653],{"class":62},[56,69082,67],{"class":66},[56,69084,4511],{"class":237},[56,69086,69087],{"class":66},")):\n",[56,69089,69090,69092,69094,69096,69098,69101,69103,69105],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,69091,7552],{"class":62},[56,69093,67],{"class":66},[56,69095,35666],{"class":237},[56,69097,1080],{"class":66},[56,69099,69100],{"class":237}," names",[56,69102,3366],{"class":66},[56,69104,35666],{"class":237},[56,69106,3354],{"class":66},[14,69108,130],{},[47,69110,69111],{"className":49,"code":35510,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,69112,69113,69119,69125],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69114,69115,69117],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69116,181],{"class":79},[56,69118,35519],{"class":284},[56,69120,69121,69123],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,69122,1077],{"class":79},[56,69124,35526],{"class":284},[56,69126,69127,69129],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,69128,115],{"class":79},[56,69130,35533],{"class":284},[14,69132,69133,69134,497],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[372,69135,69137],{"href":69136},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[14,69139,69140,69141,69143],{},"You can also read ",[372,69142,51067],{"href":51066}," for a task-focused guide.",[42,69145,1553],{"id":1552},[615,69147,69149],{"id":69148},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[14,69151,153,69152,69155],{},[18,69153,69154],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[615,69157,4615,69159,12211],{"id":69158},"what-does-len-return",[18,69160,69161],{},"len([])",[14,69163,4621,69164,69166],{},[18,69165,181],{}," because the list is empty.",[615,69168,69170],{"id":69169},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[14,69172,69173],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[615,69175,27834,69177,69179],{"id":69176},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[18,69178,68355],{}," in Python?",[14,69181,29777,69182,7706,69184,69186],{},[18,69183,67801],{},[18,69185,41877],{}," is a built-in function.",[42,69188,1601],{"id":1600},[26,69190,69191,69197,69201,69205,69209],{},[29,69192,69193],{},[372,69194,3031,69195,1610],{"href":41874},[18,69196,41877],{},[29,69198,69199],{},[372,69200,52111],{"href":51066},[29,69202,69203],{},[372,69204,52292],{"href":50499},[29,69206,69207],{},[372,69208,68783],{"href":68782},[29,69210,69211],{},[372,69212,69213],{"href":69136},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1633,69215,69216],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":69218},[69219,69220,69222,69223,69224,69225,69233,69235,69243],{"id":14660,"depth":86,"text":14661},{"id":67793,"depth":86,"text":69221},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5262,"depth":86,"text":5263},{"id":68062,"depth":86,"text":68063},{"id":68203,"depth":86,"text":68204},{"id":3987,"depth":86,"text":3988,"children":69226},[69227,69229,69230,69231],{"id":68352,"depth":102,"text":69228},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25191,"depth":102,"text":25192},{"id":68532,"depth":102,"text":68533},{"id":68786,"depth":102,"text":69232},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":68878,"depth":86,"text":69234},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":69236},[69237,69238,69240,69241],{"id":69148,"depth":102,"text":69149},{"id":69158,"depth":102,"text":69239},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69169,"depth":102,"text":69170},{"id":69176,"depth":102,"text":69242},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67688,"description":69244},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69250,"title":69251,"body":69252,"description":71234,"extension":1665,"meta":71235,"navigation":316,"path":71236,"seo":71237,"stem":71238,"__hash__":71239},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69253,"toc":71207},[69254,69257,69262,69265,69273,69286,69288,69353,69355,69377,69382,69386,69391,69399,69401,69411,69413,69494,69496,69526,69528,69547,69552,69569,69571,69655,69657,69687,69692,69696,69702,69786,69788,69818,69821,69825,69828,69919,69921,69959,69962,70047,70049,70079,70085,70092,70096,70101,70110,70112,70197,70199,70228,70231,70239,70243,70247,70256,70279,70281,70303,70305,70319,70321,70381,70385,70390,70429,70431,70448,70450,70460,70559,70564,70568,70573,70616,70618,70646,70648,70662,70737,70739,70761,70765,70768,70773,70784,70789,70797,70800,70871,70873,70898,70955,70957,70978,70987,70995,71000,71002,71007,71028,71031,71106,71109,71123,71130,71132,71136,71142,71146,71156,71160,71167,71171,71177,71179,71204],[10,69255,69251],{"id":69256},"python-list-pop-method",[14,69258,69259,69261],{},[18,69260,54603],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[14,69263,69264],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[26,69266,69267,69270],{},[29,69268,69269],{},"delete an item from a list",[29,69271,69272],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[14,69274,69275,69276,69278,69279,8191,69281,69285],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[18,69277,12258],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[18,69280,12258],{},[372,69282,69283],{"href":54593},[18,69284,55050],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[42,69287,45],{"id":44},[47,69289,69291],{"className":49,"code":69290,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,69292,69293,69313,69328,69332,69343],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69294,69295,69297,69299,69301,69303,69305,69307,69309,69311],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69296,3075],{"class":284},[56,69298,288],{"class":75},[56,69300,3080],{"class":66},[56,69302,406],{"class":79},[56,69304,1080],{"class":66},[56,69306,7272],{"class":79},[56,69308,1080],{"class":66},[56,69310,7277],{"class":79},[56,69312,3093],{"class":66},[56,69314,69315,69318,69320,69322,69324,69326],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,69316,69317],{"class":284},"last_item ",[56,69319,288],{"class":75},[56,69321,3731],{"class":284},[56,69323,497],{"class":66},[56,69325,25746],{"class":237},[56,69327,8129],{"class":66},[56,69329,69330],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,69331,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,69333,69334,69336,69338,69341],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,69335,63],{"class":62},[56,69337,67],{"class":66},[56,69339,69340],{"class":237},"last_item",[56,69342,241],{"class":66},[56,69344,69345,69347,69349,69351],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,69346,63],{"class":62},[56,69348,67],{"class":66},[56,69350,3107],{"class":237},[56,69352,241],{"class":66},[14,69354,130],{},[47,69356,69358],{"className":49,"code":69357,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[18,69359,69360,69365],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69361,69362],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69363,69364],{"class":79},"30\n",[56,69366,69367,69369,69371,69373,69375],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,69368,3366],{"class":66},[56,69370,406],{"class":79},[56,69372,1080],{"class":66},[56,69374,7272],{"class":79},[56,69376,3093],{"class":66},[14,69378,153,69379,69381],{},[18,69380,12258],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[42,69383,69385],{"id":69384},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[14,69387,69388,69390],{},[18,69389,12258],{}," has two main jobs:",[26,69392,69393,69396],{},[29,69394,69395],{},"It removes one item from a list",[29,69397,69398],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[14,69400,43167],{},[26,69402,69403,69406,69409],{},[29,69404,69405],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[29,69407,69408],{},"It changes the original list",[29,69410,52266],{},[14,69412,274],{},[47,69414,69416],{"className":49,"code":69415,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[18,69417,69418,69450,69454,69469,69473,69484],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69419,69420,69422,69424,69426,69428,69430,69432,69434,69436,69438,69440,69442,69444,69446,69448],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69421,12572],{"class":284},[56,69423,288],{"class":75},[56,69425,3080],{"class":66},[56,69427,938],{"class":937},[56,69429,12589],{"class":941},[56,69431,938],{"class":937},[56,69433,1080],{"class":66},[56,69435,1448],{"class":937},[56,69437,16956],{"class":941},[56,69439,938],{"class":937},[56,69441,1080],{"class":66},[56,69443,1448],{"class":937},[56,69445,12606],{"class":941},[56,69447,938],{"class":937},[56,69449,3093],{"class":66},[56,69451,69452],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,69453,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,69455,69456,69459,69461,69463,69465,69467],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,69457,69458],{"class":284},"removed ",[56,69460,288],{"class":75},[56,69462,12620],{"class":284},[56,69464,497],{"class":66},[56,69466,25746],{"class":237},[56,69468,8129],{"class":66},[56,69470,69471],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,69472,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,69474,69475,69477,69479,69482],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,69476,63],{"class":62},[56,69478,67],{"class":66},[56,69480,69481],{"class":237},"removed",[56,69483,241],{"class":66},[56,69485,69486,69488,69490,69492],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,69487,63],{"class":62},[56,69489,67],{"class":66},[56,69491,17003],{"class":237},[56,69493,241],{"class":66},[14,69495,130],{},[47,69497,69499],{"className":49,"code":69498,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[18,69500,69501,69506],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69502,69503],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69504,69505],{"class":284},"blue\n",[56,69507,69508,69510,69512,69514,69516,69518,69520,69522,69524],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,69509,3366],{"class":66},[56,69511,1394],{"class":937},[56,69513,12589],{"class":941},[56,69515,1394],{"class":937},[56,69517,1080],{"class":66},[56,69519,1389],{"class":937},[56,69521,16956],{"class":941},[56,69523,1394],{"class":937},[56,69525,3093],{"class":66},[42,69527,220],{"id":219},[47,69529,69531],{"className":49,"code":69530,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"list.pop([index])\n",[18,69532,69533],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69534,69535,69537,69539,69541,69543,69545],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69536,7577],{"class":989},[56,69538,497],{"class":66},[56,69540,25746],{"class":237},[56,69542,1074],{"class":66},[56,69544,35357],{"class":237},[56,69546,3354],{"class":66},[14,69548,16,69549,69551],{},[18,69550,35357],{}," is optional.",[26,69553,69554,69560,69566],{},[29,69555,69556,69557,69559],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[18,69558,12258],{}," removes the last item",[29,69561,69562,69563,69565],{},"If you give an index, ",[18,69564,12258],{}," removes the item at that position",[29,69567,69568],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[14,69570,274],{},[47,69572,69574],{"className":49,"code":69573,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,69575,69576,69608,69612,69631,69635,69645],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69577,69578,69580,69582,69584,69586,69588,69590,69592,69594,69596,69598,69600,69602,69604,69606],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69579,35602],{"class":284},[56,69581,288],{"class":75},[56,69583,3080],{"class":66},[56,69585,938],{"class":937},[56,69587,372],{"class":941},[56,69589,938],{"class":937},[56,69591,1080],{"class":66},[56,69593,1448],{"class":937},[56,69595,4232],{"class":941},[56,69597,938],{"class":937},[56,69599,1080],{"class":66},[56,69601,1448],{"class":937},[56,69603,9228],{"class":941},[56,69605,938],{"class":937},[56,69607,3093],{"class":66},[56,69609,69610],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,69611,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,69613,69614,69616,69618,69621,69623,69625,69627,69629],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,69615,28044],{"class":284},[56,69617,288],{"class":75},[56,69619,69620],{"class":284}," letters",[56,69622,497],{"class":66},[56,69624,25746],{"class":237},[56,69626,67],{"class":66},[56,69628,1077],{"class":79},[56,69630,241],{"class":66},[56,69632,69633],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,69634,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,69636,69637,69639,69641,69643],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,69638,63],{"class":62},[56,69640,67],{"class":66},[56,69642,22814],{"class":237},[56,69644,241],{"class":66},[56,69646,69647,69649,69651,69653],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,69648,63],{"class":62},[56,69650,67],{"class":66},[56,69652,35655],{"class":237},[56,69654,241],{"class":66},[14,69656,130],{},[47,69658,69660],{"className":49,"code":69659,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[18,69661,69662,69667],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69663,69664],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69665,69666],{"class":284},"b\n",[56,69668,69669,69671,69673,69675,69677,69679,69681,69683,69685],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,69670,3366],{"class":66},[56,69672,1394],{"class":937},[56,69674,372],{"class":941},[56,69676,1394],{"class":937},[56,69678,1080],{"class":66},[56,69680,1389],{"class":937},[56,69682,9228],{"class":941},[56,69684,1394],{"class":937},[56,69686,3093],{"class":66},[14,69688,69689,69690,497],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[372,69691,52292],{"href":50499},[42,69693,69695],{"id":69694},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[14,69697,69698,69699,69701],{},"When you call ",[18,69700,12258],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[47,69703,69705],{"className":49,"code":69704,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[18,69706,69707,69742,69746,69761,69765,69776],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69708,69709,69711,69713,69715,69717,69720,69722,69724,69726,69729,69731,69733,69735,69738,69740],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69710,29404],{"class":284},[56,69712,288],{"class":75},[56,69714,3080],{"class":66},[56,69716,938],{"class":937},[56,69718,69719],{"class":941},"write",[56,69721,938],{"class":937},[56,69723,1080],{"class":66},[56,69725,1448],{"class":937},[56,69727,69728],{"class":941},"test",[56,69730,938],{"class":937},[56,69732,1080],{"class":66},[56,69734,1448],{"class":937},[56,69736,69737],{"class":941},"submit",[56,69739,938],{"class":937},[56,69741,3093],{"class":66},[56,69743,69744],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,69745,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,69747,69748,69751,69753,69755,69757,69759],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,69749,69750],{"class":284},"last_task ",[56,69752,288],{"class":75},[56,69754,29482],{"class":284},[56,69756,497],{"class":66},[56,69758,25746],{"class":237},[56,69760,8129],{"class":66},[56,69762,69763],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,69764,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,69766,69767,69769,69771,69774],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,69768,63],{"class":62},[56,69770,67],{"class":66},[56,69772,69773],{"class":237},"last_task",[56,69775,241],{"class":66},[56,69777,69778,69780,69782,69784],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,69779,63],{"class":62},[56,69781,67],{"class":66},[56,69783,36018],{"class":237},[56,69785,241],{"class":66},[14,69787,130],{},[47,69789,69791],{"className":49,"code":69790,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[18,69792,69793,69798],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69794,69795],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69796,69797],{"class":284},"submit\n",[56,69799,69800,69802,69804,69806,69808,69810,69812,69814,69816],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,69801,3366],{"class":66},[56,69803,1394],{"class":937},[56,69805,69719],{"class":941},[56,69807,1394],{"class":937},[56,69809,1080],{"class":66},[56,69811,1389],{"class":937},[56,69813,69728],{"class":941},[56,69815,1394],{"class":937},[56,69817,3093],{"class":66},[14,69819,69820],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[42,69822,69824],{"id":69823},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[14,69826,69827],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[47,69829,69831],{"className":49,"code":69830,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,69832,69833,69873,69877,69895,69899,69909],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69834,69835,69837,69839,69841,69843,69845,69847,69849,69851,69853,69855,69857,69859,69861,69863,69865,69867,69869,69871],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69836,35751],{"class":284},[56,69838,288],{"class":75},[56,69840,3080],{"class":66},[56,69842,938],{"class":937},[56,69844,3546],{"class":941},[56,69846,938],{"class":937},[56,69848,1080],{"class":66},[56,69850,1448],{"class":937},[56,69852,3555],{"class":941},[56,69854,938],{"class":937},[56,69856,1080],{"class":66},[56,69858,1448],{"class":937},[56,69860,3564],{"class":941},[56,69862,938],{"class":937},[56,69864,1080],{"class":66},[56,69866,1448],{"class":937},[56,69868,32729],{"class":941},[56,69870,938],{"class":937},[56,69872,3093],{"class":66},[56,69874,69875],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,69876,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,69878,69879,69881,69883,69885,69887,69889,69891,69893],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,69880,69458],{"class":284},[56,69882,288],{"class":75},[56,69884,52372],{"class":284},[56,69886,497],{"class":66},[56,69888,25746],{"class":237},[56,69890,67],{"class":66},[56,69892,1077],{"class":79},[56,69894,241],{"class":66},[56,69896,69897],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,69898,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,69900,69901,69903,69905,69907],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,69902,63],{"class":62},[56,69904,67],{"class":66},[56,69906,69481],{"class":237},[56,69908,241],{"class":66},[56,69910,69911,69913,69915,69917],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,69912,63],{"class":62},[56,69914,67],{"class":66},[56,69916,35803],{"class":237},[56,69918,241],{"class":66},[14,69920,130],{},[47,69922,69924],{"className":49,"code":69923,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[18,69925,69926,69931],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69927,69928],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69929,69930],{"class":284},"banana\n",[56,69932,69933,69935,69937,69939,69941,69943,69945,69947,69949,69951,69953,69955,69957],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,69934,3366],{"class":66},[56,69936,1394],{"class":937},[56,69938,3546],{"class":941},[56,69940,1394],{"class":937},[56,69942,1080],{"class":66},[56,69944,1389],{"class":937},[56,69946,3564],{"class":941},[56,69948,1394],{"class":937},[56,69950,1080],{"class":66},[56,69952,1389],{"class":937},[56,69954,32729],{"class":941},[56,69956,1394],{"class":937},[56,69958,3093],{"class":66},[14,69960,69961],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[47,69963,69965],{"className":49,"code":69964,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,69966,69967,69999,70003,70023,70027,70037],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,69968,69969,69971,69973,69975,69977,69979,69981,69983,69985,69987,69989,69991,69993,69995,69997],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,69970,35751],{"class":284},[56,69972,288],{"class":75},[56,69974,3080],{"class":66},[56,69976,938],{"class":937},[56,69978,3546],{"class":941},[56,69980,938],{"class":937},[56,69982,1080],{"class":66},[56,69984,1448],{"class":937},[56,69986,3555],{"class":941},[56,69988,938],{"class":937},[56,69990,1080],{"class":66},[56,69992,1448],{"class":937},[56,69994,3564],{"class":941},[56,69996,938],{"class":937},[56,69998,3093],{"class":66},[56,70000,70001],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,70002,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,70004,70005,70007,70009,70011,70013,70015,70017,70019,70021],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,70006,69458],{"class":284},[56,70008,288],{"class":75},[56,70010,52372],{"class":284},[56,70012,497],{"class":66},[56,70014,25746],{"class":237},[56,70016,67],{"class":66},[56,70018,76],{"class":75},[56,70020,1077],{"class":79},[56,70022,241],{"class":66},[56,70024,70025],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,70026,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,70028,70029,70031,70033,70035],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,70030,63],{"class":62},[56,70032,67],{"class":66},[56,70034,69481],{"class":237},[56,70036,241],{"class":66},[56,70038,70039,70041,70043,70045],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,70040,63],{"class":62},[56,70042,67],{"class":66},[56,70044,35803],{"class":237},[56,70046,241],{"class":66},[14,70048,130],{},[47,70050,70052],{"className":49,"code":70051,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[18,70053,70054,70059],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70055,70056],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70057,70058],{"class":284},"cherry\n",[56,70060,70061,70063,70065,70067,70069,70071,70073,70075,70077],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,70062,3366],{"class":66},[56,70064,1394],{"class":937},[56,70066,3546],{"class":941},[56,70068,1394],{"class":937},[56,70070,1080],{"class":66},[56,70072,1389],{"class":937},[56,70074,3555],{"class":941},[56,70076,1394],{"class":937},[56,70078,3093],{"class":66},[14,70080,70081,70082,70084],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[18,70083,65378],{}," means the last item.",[14,70086,70087,70088,497],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[372,70089,70090,10231],{"href":58487},[18,70091,64389],{},[42,70093,70095],{"id":70094},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[14,70097,70098,70100],{},[18,70099,12258],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[14,70102,70103,70104,3862,70106,497],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[18,70105,12258],{},[372,70107,70108],{"href":54593},[18,70109,55050],{},[14,70111,274],{},[47,70113,70115],{"className":49,"code":70114,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[18,70116,70117,70149,70153,70172,70176,70187],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70118,70119,70121,70123,70125,70127,70129,70131,70133,70135,70137,70139,70141,70143,70145,70147],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70120,4467],{"class":284},[56,70122,288],{"class":75},[56,70124,3080],{"class":66},[56,70126,938],{"class":937},[56,70128,12376],{"class":941},[56,70130,938],{"class":937},[56,70132,1080],{"class":66},[56,70134,1448],{"class":937},[56,70136,35452],{"class":941},[56,70138,938],{"class":937},[56,70140,1080],{"class":66},[56,70142,1448],{"class":937},[56,70144,35461],{"class":941},[56,70146,938],{"class":937},[56,70148,3093],{"class":66},[56,70150,70151],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,70152,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,70154,70155,70158,70160,70162,70164,70166,70168,70170],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,70156,70157],{"class":284},"removed_name ",[56,70159,288],{"class":75},[56,70161,69100],{"class":284},[56,70163,497],{"class":66},[56,70165,25746],{"class":237},[56,70167,67],{"class":66},[56,70169,181],{"class":79},[56,70171,241],{"class":66},[56,70173,70174],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,70175,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,70177,70178,70180,70182,70185],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,70179,63],{"class":62},[56,70181,67],{"class":66},[56,70183,70184],{"class":237},"removed_name",[56,70186,241],{"class":66},[56,70188,70189,70191,70193,70195],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,70190,63],{"class":62},[56,70192,67],{"class":66},[56,70194,4511],{"class":237},[56,70196,241],{"class":66},[14,70198,130],{},[47,70200,70202],{"className":49,"code":70201,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[18,70203,70204,70208],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70205,70206],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70207,49559],{"class":284},[56,70209,70210,70212,70214,70216,70218,70220,70222,70224,70226],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,70211,3366],{"class":66},[56,70213,1394],{"class":937},[56,70215,35452],{"class":941},[56,70217,1394],{"class":937},[56,70219,1080],{"class":66},[56,70221,1389],{"class":937},[56,70223,35461],{"class":941},[56,70225,1394],{"class":937},[56,70227,3093],{"class":66},[14,70229,70230],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[14,70232,70233,70234,70236,70237,497],{},"By comparison, ",[18,70235,55050],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[18,70238,3241],{},[42,70240,70242],{"id":70241},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[615,70244,70246],{"id":70245},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[14,70248,70249,70250,70252,70253,497],{},"If the list is empty, ",[18,70251,12258],{}," raises an ",[18,70254,70255],{},"IndexError",[47,70257,70259],{"className":49,"code":70258,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[18,70260,70261,70269],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70262,70263,70265,70267],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70264,7261],{"class":284},[56,70266,288],{"class":75},[56,70268,7321],{"class":66},[56,70270,70271,70273,70275,70277],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,70272,7292],{"class":284},[56,70274,497],{"class":66},[56,70276,25746],{"class":237},[56,70278,8129],{"class":66},[14,70280,130],{},[47,70282,70284],{"className":49,"code":70283,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[18,70285,70286],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70287,70288,70290,70292,70295,70298,70301],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70289,70255],{"class":989},[56,70291,971],{"class":66},[56,70293,70294],{"class":284}," pop ",[56,70296,70297],{"class":3341},"from",[56,70299,70300],{"class":284}," empty ",[56,70302,49405],{"class":989},[14,70304,38776],{},[26,70306,70307,70312],{},[29,70308,70309,70310],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[18,70311,12258],{},[29,70313,70314,70315,3862,70317],{},"Or handle the error with ",[18,70316,29310],{},[18,70318,29341],{},[14,70320,274],{},[47,70322,70324],{"className":49,"code":70323,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[18,70325,70326,70334,70338,70346,70360,70366],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70327,70328,70330,70332],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70329,7261],{"class":284},[56,70331,288],{"class":75},[56,70333,7321],{"class":66},[56,70335,70336],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,70337,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,70339,70340,70342,70344],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,70341,6477],{"class":3341},[56,70343,5442],{"class":284},[56,70345,5871],{"class":66},[56,70347,70348,70350,70352,70354,70356,70358],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,70349,7552],{"class":62},[56,70351,67],{"class":66},[56,70353,7292],{"class":237},[56,70355,497],{"class":66},[56,70357,25746],{"class":237},[56,70359,6674],{"class":66},[56,70361,70362,70364],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,70363,26939],{"class":3341},[56,70365,5871],{"class":66},[56,70367,70368,70370,70372,70374,70377,70379],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,70369,7552],{"class":62},[56,70371,67],{"class":66},[56,70373,938],{"class":937},[56,70375,70376],{"class":941},"The list is empty.",[56,70378,938],{"class":937},[56,70380,241],{"class":66},[615,70382,70384],{"id":70383},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[14,70386,70387,70388,497],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[18,70389,70255],{},[47,70391,70393],{"className":49,"code":70392,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[18,70394,70395,70415],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70396,70397,70399,70401,70403,70405,70407,70409,70411,70413],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70398,3075],{"class":284},[56,70400,288],{"class":75},[56,70402,3080],{"class":66},[56,70404,406],{"class":79},[56,70406,1080],{"class":66},[56,70408,7272],{"class":79},[56,70410,1080],{"class":66},[56,70412,7277],{"class":79},[56,70414,3093],{"class":66},[56,70416,70417,70419,70421,70423,70425,70427],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,70418,3107],{"class":284},[56,70420,497],{"class":66},[56,70422,25746],{"class":237},[56,70424,67],{"class":66},[56,70426,198],{"class":79},[56,70428,241],{"class":66},[14,70430,130],{},[47,70432,70434],{"className":49,"code":70433,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[18,70435,70436],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70437,70438,70440,70442,70445],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70439,70255],{"class":989},[56,70441,971],{"class":66},[56,70443,70444],{"class":284}," pop index out of ",[56,70446,70447],{"class":62},"range\n",[14,70449,38776],{},[26,70451,70452,70457],{},[29,70453,70454,70455],{},"Check the list length with ",[18,70456,41877],{},[29,70458,70459],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[47,70461,70463],{"className":49,"code":70462,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[18,70464,70465,70485,70494,70498,70520,70538,70544],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70466,70467,70469,70471,70473,70475,70477,70479,70481,70483],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70468,3075],{"class":284},[56,70470,288],{"class":75},[56,70472,3080],{"class":66},[56,70474,406],{"class":79},[56,70476,1080],{"class":66},[56,70478,7272],{"class":79},[56,70480,1080],{"class":66},[56,70482,7277],{"class":79},[56,70484,3093],{"class":66},[56,70486,70487,70490,70492],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,70488,70489],{"class":284},"index ",[56,70491,288],{"class":75},[56,70493,45107],{"class":79},[56,70495,70496],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,70497,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,70499,70500,70502,70504,70507,70510,70512,70514,70516,70518],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,70501,6477],{"class":3341},[56,70503,3297],{"class":79},[56,70505,70506],{"class":75}," \u003C=",[56,70508,70509],{"class":284}," index ",[56,70511,1383],{"class":75},[56,70513,37900],{"class":62},[56,70515,67],{"class":66},[56,70517,3107],{"class":237},[56,70519,7826],{"class":66},[56,70521,70522,70524,70526,70528,70530,70532,70534,70536],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,70523,7552],{"class":62},[56,70525,67],{"class":66},[56,70527,3107],{"class":237},[56,70529,497],{"class":66},[56,70531,25746],{"class":237},[56,70533,67],{"class":66},[56,70535,35357],{"class":237},[56,70537,83],{"class":66},[56,70539,70540,70542],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,70541,26939],{"class":3341},[56,70543,5871],{"class":66},[56,70545,70546,70548,70550,70552,70555,70557],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,70547,7552],{"class":62},[56,70549,67],{"class":66},[56,70551,938],{"class":937},[56,70553,70554],{"class":941},"Index is out of range.",[56,70556,938],{"class":937},[56,70558,241],{"class":66},[14,70560,70561,70562,497],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[372,70563,68783],{"href":68782},[615,70565,70567],{"id":70566},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[14,70569,70570,70572],{},[18,70571,12258],{}," expects an integer index.",[47,70574,70576],{"className":49,"code":70575,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[18,70577,70578,70598],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70579,70580,70582,70584,70586,70588,70590,70592,70594,70596],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70581,3075],{"class":284},[56,70583,288],{"class":75},[56,70585,3080],{"class":66},[56,70587,406],{"class":79},[56,70589,1080],{"class":66},[56,70591,7272],{"class":79},[56,70593,1080],{"class":66},[56,70595,7277],{"class":79},[56,70597,3093],{"class":66},[56,70599,70600,70602,70604,70606,70608,70610,70612,70614],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,70601,3107],{"class":284},[56,70603,497],{"class":66},[56,70605,25746],{"class":237},[56,70607,67],{"class":66},[56,70609,938],{"class":937},[56,70611,1077],{"class":941},[56,70613,938],{"class":937},[56,70615,241],{"class":66},[14,70617,130],{},[47,70619,70621],{"className":49,"code":70620,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[18,70622,70623],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70624,70625,70627,70629,70631,70633,70635,70637,70640,70643],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70626,1096],{"class":989},[56,70628,971],{"class":66},[56,70630,1389],{"class":937},[56,70632,1540],{"class":941},[56,70634,1394],{"class":937},[56,70636,24121],{"class":989},[56,70638,70639],{"class":284}," cannot be interpreted ",[56,70641,70642],{"class":3341},"as",[56,70644,70645],{"class":284}," an integer\n",[14,70647,38776],{},[26,70649,70650,70659],{},[29,70651,70652,70653,255,70655,259,70657],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[18,70654,181],{},[18,70656,1077],{},[18,70658,65378],{},[29,70660,70661],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[47,70663,70665],{"className":49,"code":70664,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,70666,70667,70687,70705,70709,70727],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70668,70669,70671,70673,70675,70677,70679,70681,70683,70685],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70670,3075],{"class":284},[56,70672,288],{"class":75},[56,70674,3080],{"class":66},[56,70676,406],{"class":79},[56,70678,1080],{"class":66},[56,70680,7272],{"class":79},[56,70682,1080],{"class":66},[56,70684,7277],{"class":79},[56,70686,3093],{"class":66},[56,70688,70689,70691,70693,70695,70697,70699,70701,70703],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,70690,70489],{"class":284},[56,70692,288],{"class":75},[56,70694,44794],{"class":989},[56,70696,67],{"class":66},[56,70698,938],{"class":937},[56,70700,1077],{"class":941},[56,70702,938],{"class":937},[56,70704,241],{"class":66},[56,70706,70707],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,70708,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,70710,70711,70713,70715,70717,70719,70721,70723,70725],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,70712,63],{"class":62},[56,70714,67],{"class":66},[56,70716,3107],{"class":237},[56,70718,497],{"class":66},[56,70720,25746],{"class":237},[56,70722,67],{"class":66},[56,70724,35357],{"class":237},[56,70726,83],{"class":66},[56,70728,70729,70731,70733,70735],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,70730,63],{"class":62},[56,70732,67],{"class":66},[56,70734,3107],{"class":237},[56,70736,241],{"class":66},[14,70738,130],{},[47,70740,70742],{"className":49,"code":70741,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[18,70743,70744,70749],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70745,70746],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70747,70748],{"class":79},"20\n",[56,70750,70751,70753,70755,70757,70759],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,70752,3366],{"class":66},[56,70754,406],{"class":79},[56,70756,1080],{"class":66},[56,70758,7277],{"class":79},[56,70760,3093],{"class":66},[42,70762,70764],{"id":70763},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[14,70766,70767],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[615,70769,153,70771,10091],{"id":70770},"use-pop-when",[18,70772,12258],{},[26,70774,70775,70778,70781],{},[29,70776,70777],{},"you want to remove by index",[29,70779,70780],{},"you want the removed item returned",[29,70782,70783],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[615,70785,153,70787,10091],{"id":70786},"use-remove-when",[18,70788,55050],{},[26,70790,70791,70794],{},[29,70792,70793],{},"you want to remove by value",[29,70795,70796],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[14,70798,70799],{},"Compare these examples:",[47,70801,70803],{"className":49,"code":70802,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,70804,70805,70829,70833,70851,70861],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70806,70807,70809,70811,70813,70815,70817,70819,70821,70823,70825,70827],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70808,3075],{"class":284},[56,70810,288],{"class":75},[56,70812,3080],{"class":66},[56,70814,406],{"class":79},[56,70816,1080],{"class":66},[56,70818,7272],{"class":79},[56,70820,1080],{"class":66},[56,70822,7277],{"class":79},[56,70824,1080],{"class":66},[56,70826,7272],{"class":79},[56,70828,3093],{"class":66},[56,70830,70831],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,70832,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,70834,70835,70837,70839,70841,70843,70845,70847,70849],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,70836,69458],{"class":284},[56,70838,288],{"class":75},[56,70840,3731],{"class":284},[56,70842,497],{"class":66},[56,70844,25746],{"class":237},[56,70846,67],{"class":66},[56,70848,1077],{"class":79},[56,70850,241],{"class":66},[56,70852,70853,70855,70857,70859],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,70854,63],{"class":62},[56,70856,67],{"class":66},[56,70858,69481],{"class":237},[56,70860,241],{"class":66},[56,70862,70863,70865,70867,70869],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,70864,63],{"class":62},[56,70866,67],{"class":66},[56,70868,3107],{"class":237},[56,70870,241],{"class":66},[14,70872,130],{},[47,70874,70876],{"className":49,"code":70875,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[18,70877,70878,70882],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70879,70880],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70881,70748],{"class":79},[56,70883,70884,70886,70888,70890,70892,70894,70896],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,70885,3366],{"class":66},[56,70887,406],{"class":79},[56,70889,1080],{"class":66},[56,70891,7277],{"class":79},[56,70893,1080],{"class":66},[56,70895,7272],{"class":79},[56,70897,3093],{"class":66},[47,70899,70901],{"className":49,"code":70900,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,70902,70903,70927,70931,70945],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70904,70905,70907,70909,70911,70913,70915,70917,70919,70921,70923,70925],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70906,3075],{"class":284},[56,70908,288],{"class":75},[56,70910,3080],{"class":66},[56,70912,406],{"class":79},[56,70914,1080],{"class":66},[56,70916,7272],{"class":79},[56,70918,1080],{"class":66},[56,70920,7277],{"class":79},[56,70922,1080],{"class":66},[56,70924,7272],{"class":79},[56,70926,3093],{"class":66},[56,70928,70929],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,70930,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,70932,70933,70935,70937,70939,70941,70943],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,70934,3107],{"class":284},[56,70936,497],{"class":66},[56,70938,34304],{"class":237},[56,70940,67],{"class":66},[56,70942,15253],{"class":79},[56,70944,241],{"class":66},[56,70946,70947,70949,70951,70953],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,70948,63],{"class":62},[56,70950,67],{"class":66},[56,70952,3107],{"class":237},[56,70954,241],{"class":66},[14,70956,130],{},[47,70958,70960],{"className":49,"code":70959,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[18,70961,70962],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,70963,70964,70966,70968,70970,70972,70974,70976],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,70965,3366],{"class":66},[56,70967,406],{"class":79},[56,70969,1080],{"class":66},[56,70971,7277],{"class":79},[56,70973,1080],{"class":66},[56,70975,7272],{"class":79},[56,70977,3093],{"class":66},[14,70979,70980,70981,70984,70985,497],{},"In the first example, ",[18,70982,70983],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[18,70986,1077],{},[14,70988,56126,70989,70992,70993,497],{},[18,70990,70991],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[18,70994,15253],{},[14,70996,70997,70998,497],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[372,70999,54589],{"href":54588},[42,71001,912],{"id":911},[14,71003,71004,71005,971],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[18,71006,12258],{},[26,71008,71009,71012,71015,71021,71025],{},[29,71010,71011],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[29,71013,71014],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[29,71016,36717,71017,8191,71019],{},[18,71018,12258],{},[18,71020,55050],{},[29,71022,7938,71023,61495],{},[18,71024,12258],{},[29,71026,71027],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[14,71029,71030],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[47,71032,71034],{"className":49,"code":71033,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[18,71035,71036,71046,71060,71074,71092],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71037,71038,71040,71042,71044],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71039,63],{"class":62},[56,71041,67],{"class":66},[56,71043,7823],{"class":237},[56,71045,241],{"class":66},[56,71047,71048,71050,71052,71054,71056,71058],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,71049,63],{"class":62},[56,71051,67],{"class":66},[56,71053,10653],{"class":62},[56,71055,67],{"class":66},[56,71057,7823],{"class":237},[56,71059,83],{"class":66},[56,71061,71062,71064,71066,71068,71070,71072],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,71063,63],{"class":62},[56,71065,67],{"class":66},[56,71067,7823],{"class":237},[56,71069,497],{"class":66},[56,71071,25746],{"class":237},[56,71073,6674],{"class":66},[56,71075,71076,71078,71080,71082,71084,71086,71088,71090],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,71077,63],{"class":62},[56,71079,67],{"class":66},[56,71081,7823],{"class":237},[56,71083,497],{"class":66},[56,71085,25746],{"class":237},[56,71087,67],{"class":66},[56,71089,181],{"class":79},[56,71091,83],{"class":66},[56,71093,71094,71096,71098,71100,71102,71104],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,71095,63],{"class":62},[56,71097,67],{"class":66},[56,71099,1314],{"class":989},[56,71101,67],{"class":66},[56,71103,35357],{"class":237},[56,71105,83],{"class":66},[14,71107,71108],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[26,71110,71111,71117],{},[29,71112,71113,71116],{},[18,71114,71115],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[29,71118,71119,71122],{},[18,71120,71121],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[14,71124,71125,71126,71129],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[18,71127,71128],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[42,71131,1553],{"id":1552},[615,71133,71135],{"id":71134},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[14,71137,71138,71139,71141],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[18,71140,12258],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[615,71143,71145],{"id":71144},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[14,71147,71148,71150,71151,71153,71154,497],{},[18,71149,12258],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[18,71152,55050],{}," removes by value and returns ",[18,71155,3241],{},[615,71157,71159],{"id":71158},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[14,71161,71162,71163,71166],{},"Yes. For example, ",[18,71164,71165],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[615,71168,71170],{"id":71169},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[14,71172,71173,71174,71176],{},"Python raises ",[18,71175,70255],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[42,71178,1601],{"id":1600},[26,71180,71181,71185,71190,71195,71200],{},[29,71182,71183],{},[372,71184,55036],{"href":54588},[29,71186,71187],{},[372,71188,71189],{"href":54593},"Python list remove() method",[29,71191,71192],{},[372,71193,71194],{"href":58487},"Python list index() method",[29,71196,71197],{},[372,71198,71199],{"href":50499},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[29,71201,71202],{},[372,71203,68783],{"href":68782},[1633,71205,71206],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":71208},[71209,71210,71211,71212,71213,71214,71215,71220,71226,71227,71233],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":69384,"depth":86,"text":69385},{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":69694,"depth":86,"text":69695},{"id":69823,"depth":86,"text":69824},{"id":70094,"depth":86,"text":70095},{"id":70241,"depth":86,"text":70242,"children":71216},[71217,71218,71219],{"id":70245,"depth":102,"text":70246},{"id":70383,"depth":102,"text":70384},{"id":70566,"depth":102,"text":70567},{"id":70763,"depth":86,"text":70764,"children":71221},[71222,71224],{"id":70770,"depth":102,"text":71223},"Use pop() when:",{"id":70786,"depth":102,"text":71225},"Use remove() when:",{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":71228},[71229,71230,71231,71232],{"id":71134,"depth":102,"text":71135},{"id":71144,"depth":102,"text":71145},{"id":71158,"depth":102,"text":71159},{"id":71169,"depth":102,"text":71170},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69251,"description":71234},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71241,"title":71242,"body":71243,"description":73029,"extension":1665,"meta":73030,"navigation":316,"path":73031,"seo":73032,"stem":73033,"__hash__":73034},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71244,"toc":73011},[71245,71248,71253,71259,71261,71331,71337,71341,71346,71367,71370,71437,71439,71460,71468,71470,71489,71505,71507,71572,71574,71599,71601,71603,71668,71670,71695,71697,71711,71714,71767,71769,71790,71794,71802,71875,71877,71910,71916,71922,72013,72015,72040,72046,72135,72137,72161,72163,72167,72222,72224,72256,72259,72262,72356,72358,72391,72397,72403,72407,72414,72440,72444,72509,72511,72536,72540,72621,72623,72652,72657,72662,72668,72672,72679,72701,72705,72764,72766,72790,72799,72804,72806,72810,72839,72841,72916,72919,72933,72939,72941,72945,72948,72952,72957,72961,72970,72974,72982,72984,73008],[10,71246,71242],{"id":71247},"python-list-remove-method",[14,71249,16,71250,71252],{},[18,71251,54596],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[14,71254,71255,71256,71258],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[3205,71257,551],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[42,71260,45],{"id":44},[47,71262,71264],{"className":49,"code":71263,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[18,71265,71266,71298,71316,71326],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71267,71268,71270,71272,71274,71276,71278,71280,71282,71284,71286,71288,71290,71292,71294,71296],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71269,7261],{"class":284},[56,71271,288],{"class":75},[56,71273,3080],{"class":66},[56,71275,938],{"class":937},[56,71277,3546],{"class":941},[56,71279,938],{"class":937},[56,71281,1080],{"class":66},[56,71283,1448],{"class":937},[56,71285,3555],{"class":941},[56,71287,938],{"class":937},[56,71289,1080],{"class":66},[56,71291,1448],{"class":937},[56,71293,32729],{"class":941},[56,71295,938],{"class":937},[56,71297,3093],{"class":66},[56,71299,71300,71302,71304,71306,71308,71310,71312,71314],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,71301,7292],{"class":284},[56,71303,497],{"class":66},[56,71305,34304],{"class":237},[56,71307,67],{"class":66},[56,71309,938],{"class":937},[56,71311,3555],{"class":941},[56,71313,938],{"class":937},[56,71315,241],{"class":66},[56,71317,71318,71320,71322,71324],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,71319,63],{"class":62},[56,71321,67],{"class":66},[56,71323,7292],{"class":237},[56,71325,241],{"class":66},[56,71327,71328],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,71329,71330],{"class":3123},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[14,71332,153,71333,71336],{},[18,71334,71335],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[42,71338,71340],{"id":71339},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[14,71342,71343,71345],{},[18,71344,55050],{}," is a list method that:",[26,71347,71348,71354,71359,71364],{},[29,71349,71350,71351,71353],{},"Deletes the ",[3205,71352,29415],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[29,71355,71356,71357],{},"Changes the original list ",[3205,71358,10826],{},[29,71360,12199,71361,71363],{},[3205,71362,4101],{}," return a new list",[29,71365,71366],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[14,71368,71369],{},"This is important for beginners:",[47,71371,71373],{"className":49,"code":71372,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,71374,71375,71395,71413,71417,71427],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71376,71377,71379,71381,71383,71385,71387,71389,71391,71393],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71378,3075],{"class":284},[56,71380,288],{"class":75},[56,71382,3080],{"class":66},[56,71384,1077],{"class":79},[56,71386,1080],{"class":66},[56,71388,1083],{"class":79},[56,71390,1080],{"class":66},[56,71392,529],{"class":79},[56,71394,3093],{"class":66},[56,71396,71397,71399,71401,71403,71405,71407,71409,71411],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,71398,299],{"class":284},[56,71400,288],{"class":75},[56,71402,3731],{"class":284},[56,71404,497],{"class":66},[56,71406,34304],{"class":237},[56,71408,67],{"class":66},[56,71410,115],{"class":79},[56,71412,241],{"class":66},[56,71414,71415],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,71416,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,71418,71419,71421,71423,71425],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,71420,63],{"class":62},[56,71422,67],{"class":66},[56,71424,3107],{"class":237},[56,71426,241],{"class":66},[56,71428,71429,71431,71433,71435],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,71430,63],{"class":62},[56,71432,67],{"class":66},[56,71434,338],{"class":237},[56,71436,241],{"class":66},[14,71438,130],{},[47,71440,71442],{"className":49,"code":71441,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[18,71443,71444,71456],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71445,71446,71448,71450,71452,71454],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71447,3366],{"class":66},[56,71449,1077],{"class":79},[56,71451,1080],{"class":66},[56,71453,529],{"class":79},[56,71455,3093],{"class":66},[56,71457,71458],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,71459,11302],{"class":3316},[14,71461,71462,71463,71465,71466,497],{},"The list changed, but ",[18,71464,55050],{}," itself returned ",[18,71467,3241],{},[42,71469,4906],{"id":4905},[47,71471,71473],{"className":49,"code":71472,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"list.remove(value)\n",[18,71474,71475],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71476,71477,71479,71481,71483,71485,71487],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71478,7577],{"class":989},[56,71480,497],{"class":66},[56,71482,34304],{"class":237},[56,71484,67],{"class":66},[56,71486,551],{"class":237},[56,71488,241],{"class":66},[26,71490,71491,71496,71499],{},[29,71492,71493,71495],{},[18,71494,551],{}," is the item you want to delete",[29,71497,71498],{},"Python searches from left to right",[29,71500,71501,71502,71504],{},"Only the ",[3205,71503,29415],{}," matching value is removed",[14,71506,274],{},[47,71508,71510],{"className":49,"code":71509,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,71511,71512,71544,71562],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71513,71514,71516,71518,71520,71522,71524,71526,71528,71530,71532,71534,71536,71538,71540,71542],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71515,35602],{"class":284},[56,71517,288],{"class":75},[56,71519,3080],{"class":66},[56,71521,938],{"class":937},[56,71523,372],{"class":941},[56,71525,938],{"class":937},[56,71527,1080],{"class":66},[56,71529,1448],{"class":937},[56,71531,4232],{"class":941},[56,71533,938],{"class":937},[56,71535,1080],{"class":66},[56,71537,1448],{"class":937},[56,71539,9228],{"class":941},[56,71541,938],{"class":937},[56,71543,3093],{"class":66},[56,71545,71546,71548,71550,71552,71554,71556,71558,71560],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,71547,35655],{"class":284},[56,71549,497],{"class":66},[56,71551,34304],{"class":237},[56,71553,67],{"class":66},[56,71555,938],{"class":937},[56,71557,4232],{"class":941},[56,71559,938],{"class":937},[56,71561,241],{"class":66},[56,71563,71564,71566,71568,71570],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,71565,63],{"class":62},[56,71567,67],{"class":66},[56,71569,35655],{"class":237},[56,71571,241],{"class":66},[14,71573,130],{},[47,71575,71577],{"className":49,"code":71576,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['a', 'c']\n",[18,71578,71579],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71580,71581,71583,71585,71587,71589,71591,71593,71595,71597],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71582,3366],{"class":66},[56,71584,1394],{"class":937},[56,71586,372],{"class":941},[56,71588,1394],{"class":937},[56,71590,1080],{"class":66},[56,71592,1389],{"class":937},[56,71594,9228],{"class":941},[56,71596,1394],{"class":937},[56,71598,3093],{"class":66},[42,71600,5263],{"id":5262},[14,71602,64698],{},[47,71604,71606],{"className":49,"code":71605,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,71607,71608,71640,71658],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71609,71610,71612,71614,71616,71618,71620,71622,71624,71626,71628,71630,71632,71634,71636,71638],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71611,12572],{"class":284},[56,71613,288],{"class":75},[56,71615,3080],{"class":66},[56,71617,938],{"class":937},[56,71619,12589],{"class":941},[56,71621,938],{"class":937},[56,71623,1080],{"class":66},[56,71625,1448],{"class":937},[56,71627,12606],{"class":941},[56,71629,938],{"class":937},[56,71631,1080],{"class":66},[56,71633,1448],{"class":937},[56,71635,16956],{"class":941},[56,71637,938],{"class":937},[56,71639,3093],{"class":66},[56,71641,71642,71644,71646,71648,71650,71652,71654,71656],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,71643,17003],{"class":284},[56,71645,497],{"class":66},[56,71647,34304],{"class":237},[56,71649,67],{"class":66},[56,71651,938],{"class":937},[56,71653,12606],{"class":941},[56,71655,938],{"class":937},[56,71657,241],{"class":66},[56,71659,71660,71662,71664,71666],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,71661,63],{"class":62},[56,71663,67],{"class":66},[56,71665,17003],{"class":237},[56,71667,241],{"class":66},[14,71669,130],{},[47,71671,71673],{"className":49,"code":71672,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['red', 'green']\n",[18,71674,71675],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71676,71677,71679,71681,71683,71685,71687,71689,71691,71693],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71678,3366],{"class":66},[56,71680,1394],{"class":937},[56,71682,12589],{"class":941},[56,71684,1394],{"class":937},[56,71686,1080],{"class":66},[56,71688,1389],{"class":937},[56,71690,16956],{"class":941},[56,71692,1394],{"class":937},[56,71694,3093],{"class":66},[14,71696,11177],{},[26,71698,71699,71702,71708],{},[29,71700,71701],{},"A list is created with three values",[29,71703,71704,71707],{},[18,71705,71706],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[29,71709,71710],{},"The list is printed after the change",[14,71712,71713],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[47,71715,71717],{"className":49,"code":71716,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[18,71718,71719,71743,71757],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71720,71721,71723,71725,71727,71729,71731,71733,71735,71737,71739,71741],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71722,4536],{"class":284},[56,71724,288],{"class":75},[56,71726,3080],{"class":66},[56,71728,406],{"class":79},[56,71730,1080],{"class":66},[56,71732,7272],{"class":79},[56,71734,1080],{"class":66},[56,71736,7277],{"class":79},[56,71738,1080],{"class":66},[56,71740,50363],{"class":79},[56,71742,3093],{"class":66},[56,71744,71745,71747,71749,71751,71753,71755],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,71746,15888],{"class":284},[56,71748,497],{"class":66},[56,71750,34304],{"class":237},[56,71752,67],{"class":66},[56,71754,36354],{"class":79},[56,71756,241],{"class":66},[56,71758,71759,71761,71763,71765],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,71760,63],{"class":62},[56,71762,67],{"class":66},[56,71764,15888],{"class":237},[56,71766,241],{"class":66},[14,71768,130],{},[47,71770,71772],{"className":49,"code":71771,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[18,71773,71774],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71775,71776,71778,71780,71782,71784,71786,71788],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71777,3366],{"class":66},[56,71779,406],{"class":79},[56,71781,1080],{"class":66},[56,71783,7272],{"class":79},[56,71785,1080],{"class":66},[56,71787,50363],{"class":79},[56,71789,3093],{"class":66},[42,71791,71793],{"id":71792},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[14,71795,64688,71796,71798,71799,71801],{},[18,71797,55050],{}," deletes only the ",[3205,71800,29415],{}," one.",[47,71803,71805],{"className":49,"code":71804,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,71806,71807,71847,71865],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71808,71809,71811,71813,71815,71817,71819,71821,71823,71825,71827,71829,71831,71833,71835,71837,71839,71841,71843,71845],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71810,7261],{"class":284},[56,71812,288],{"class":75},[56,71814,3080],{"class":66},[56,71816,938],{"class":937},[56,71818,3546],{"class":941},[56,71820,938],{"class":937},[56,71822,1080],{"class":66},[56,71824,1448],{"class":937},[56,71826,3555],{"class":941},[56,71828,938],{"class":937},[56,71830,1080],{"class":66},[56,71832,1448],{"class":937},[56,71834,3546],{"class":941},[56,71836,938],{"class":937},[56,71838,1080],{"class":66},[56,71840,1448],{"class":937},[56,71842,32729],{"class":941},[56,71844,938],{"class":937},[56,71846,3093],{"class":66},[56,71848,71849,71851,71853,71855,71857,71859,71861,71863],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,71850,7292],{"class":284},[56,71852,497],{"class":66},[56,71854,34304],{"class":237},[56,71856,67],{"class":66},[56,71858,938],{"class":937},[56,71860,3546],{"class":941},[56,71862,938],{"class":937},[56,71864,241],{"class":66},[56,71866,71867,71869,71871,71873],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,71868,63],{"class":62},[56,71870,67],{"class":66},[56,71872,7292],{"class":237},[56,71874,241],{"class":66},[14,71876,130],{},[47,71878,71880],{"className":49,"code":71879,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[18,71881,71882],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71883,71884,71886,71888,71890,71892,71894,71896,71898,71900,71902,71904,71906,71908],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71885,3366],{"class":66},[56,71887,1394],{"class":937},[56,71889,3555],{"class":941},[56,71891,1394],{"class":937},[56,71893,1080],{"class":66},[56,71895,1389],{"class":937},[56,71897,3546],{"class":941},[56,71899,1394],{"class":937},[56,71901,1080],{"class":66},[56,71903,1389],{"class":937},[56,71905,32729],{"class":941},[56,71907,1394],{"class":937},[56,71909,3093],{"class":66},[14,71911,71912,71913,71915],{},"Only the first ",[18,71914,57355],{}," was removed.",[14,71917,71918,71919,71921],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[18,71920,55050],{}," again:",[47,71923,71925],{"className":49,"code":71924,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,71926,71927,71967,71985,72003],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,71928,71929,71931,71933,71935,71937,71939,71941,71943,71945,71947,71949,71951,71953,71955,71957,71959,71961,71963,71965],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,71930,7261],{"class":284},[56,71932,288],{"class":75},[56,71934,3080],{"class":66},[56,71936,938],{"class":937},[56,71938,3546],{"class":941},[56,71940,938],{"class":937},[56,71942,1080],{"class":66},[56,71944,1448],{"class":937},[56,71946,3555],{"class":941},[56,71948,938],{"class":937},[56,71950,1080],{"class":66},[56,71952,1448],{"class":937},[56,71954,3546],{"class":941},[56,71956,938],{"class":937},[56,71958,1080],{"class":66},[56,71960,1448],{"class":937},[56,71962,32729],{"class":941},[56,71964,938],{"class":937},[56,71966,3093],{"class":66},[56,71968,71969,71971,71973,71975,71977,71979,71981,71983],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,71970,7292],{"class":284},[56,71972,497],{"class":66},[56,71974,34304],{"class":237},[56,71976,67],{"class":66},[56,71978,938],{"class":937},[56,71980,3546],{"class":941},[56,71982,938],{"class":937},[56,71984,241],{"class":66},[56,71986,71987,71989,71991,71993,71995,71997,71999,72001],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,71988,7292],{"class":284},[56,71990,497],{"class":66},[56,71992,34304],{"class":237},[56,71994,67],{"class":66},[56,71996,938],{"class":937},[56,71998,3546],{"class":941},[56,72000,938],{"class":937},[56,72002,241],{"class":66},[56,72004,72005,72007,72009,72011],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,72006,63],{"class":62},[56,72008,67],{"class":66},[56,72010,7292],{"class":237},[56,72012,241],{"class":66},[14,72014,130],{},[47,72016,72018],{"className":49,"code":72017,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[18,72019,72020],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72021,72022,72024,72026,72028,72030,72032,72034,72036,72038],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72023,3366],{"class":66},[56,72025,1394],{"class":937},[56,72027,3555],{"class":941},[56,72029,1394],{"class":937},[56,72031,1080],{"class":66},[56,72033,1389],{"class":937},[56,72035,32729],{"class":941},[56,72037,1394],{"class":937},[56,72039,3093],{"class":66},[14,72041,72042,72043,72045],{},"If you need to remove ",[3205,72044,3177],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[47,72047,72049],{"className":49,"code":72048,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[18,72050,72051,72091,72125],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72052,72053,72055,72057,72059,72061,72063,72065,72067,72069,72071,72073,72075,72077,72079,72081,72083,72085,72087,72089],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72054,7261],{"class":284},[56,72056,288],{"class":75},[56,72058,3080],{"class":66},[56,72060,938],{"class":937},[56,72062,3546],{"class":941},[56,72064,938],{"class":937},[56,72066,1080],{"class":66},[56,72068,1448],{"class":937},[56,72070,3555],{"class":941},[56,72072,938],{"class":937},[56,72074,1080],{"class":66},[56,72076,1448],{"class":937},[56,72078,3546],{"class":941},[56,72080,938],{"class":937},[56,72082,1080],{"class":66},[56,72084,1448],{"class":937},[56,72086,32729],{"class":941},[56,72088,938],{"class":937},[56,72090,3093],{"class":66},[56,72092,72093,72095,72097,72099,72101,72103,72105,72107,72110,72112,72114,72117,72119,72121,72123],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,72094,7261],{"class":284},[56,72096,288],{"class":75},[56,72098,3080],{"class":66},[56,72100,28044],{"class":284},[56,72102,5434],{"class":3341},[56,72104,5437],{"class":284},[56,72106,3348],{"class":3341},[56,72108,72109],{"class":284}," items ",[56,72111,6477],{"class":3341},[56,72113,5437],{"class":284},[56,72115,72116],{"class":75},"!=",[56,72118,1448],{"class":937},[56,72120,3546],{"class":941},[56,72122,938],{"class":937},[56,72124,3093],{"class":66},[56,72126,72127,72129,72131,72133],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,72128,63],{"class":62},[56,72130,67],{"class":66},[56,72132,7292],{"class":237},[56,72134,241],{"class":66},[14,72136,130],{},[47,72138,72139],{"className":49,"code":72017,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,72140,72141],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72142,72143,72145,72147,72149,72151,72153,72155,72157,72159],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72144,3366],{"class":66},[56,72146,1394],{"class":937},[56,72148,3555],{"class":941},[56,72150,1394],{"class":937},[56,72152,1080],{"class":66},[56,72154,1389],{"class":937},[56,72156,32729],{"class":941},[56,72158,1394],{"class":937},[56,72160,3093],{"class":66},[42,72162,65154],{"id":65153},[14,72164,65157,72165,497],{},[18,72166,40219],{},[47,72168,72170],{"className":49,"code":72169,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[18,72171,72172,72204],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72173,72174,72176,72178,72180,72182,72184,72186,72188,72190,72192,72194,72196,72198,72200,72202],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72175,7261],{"class":284},[56,72177,288],{"class":75},[56,72179,3080],{"class":66},[56,72181,938],{"class":937},[56,72183,3546],{"class":941},[56,72185,938],{"class":937},[56,72187,1080],{"class":66},[56,72189,1448],{"class":937},[56,72191,3555],{"class":941},[56,72193,938],{"class":937},[56,72195,1080],{"class":66},[56,72197,1448],{"class":937},[56,72199,32729],{"class":941},[56,72201,938],{"class":937},[56,72203,3093],{"class":66},[56,72205,72206,72208,72210,72212,72214,72216,72218,72220],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,72207,7292],{"class":284},[56,72209,497],{"class":66},[56,72211,34304],{"class":237},[56,72213,67],{"class":66},[56,72215,938],{"class":937},[56,72217,22036],{"class":941},[56,72219,938],{"class":937},[56,72221,241],{"class":66},[14,72223,130],{},[47,72225,72227],{"className":49,"code":72226,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[18,72228,72229],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72230,72231,72233,72235,72237,72239,72241,72243,72245,72247,72249,72251,72253],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72232,40219],{"class":989},[56,72234,971],{"class":66},[56,72236,22063],{"class":989},[56,72238,497],{"class":66},[56,72240,34304],{"class":237},[56,72242,67],{"class":66},[56,72244,238],{"class":237},[56,72246,15951],{"class":66},[56,72248,3345],{"class":284},[56,72250,4101],{"class":75},[56,72252,20676],{"class":75},[56,72254,72255],{"class":989}," list\n",[14,72257,72258],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[14,72260,72261],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[47,72263,72265],{"className":49,"code":72264,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,72266,72267,72299,72311,72315,72327,72342,72346],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72268,72269,72271,72273,72275,72277,72279,72281,72283,72285,72287,72289,72291,72293,72295,72297],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72270,7261],{"class":284},[56,72272,288],{"class":75},[56,72274,3080],{"class":66},[56,72276,938],{"class":937},[56,72278,3546],{"class":941},[56,72280,938],{"class":937},[56,72282,1080],{"class":66},[56,72284,1448],{"class":937},[56,72286,3555],{"class":941},[56,72288,938],{"class":937},[56,72290,1080],{"class":66},[56,72292,1448],{"class":937},[56,72294,32729],{"class":941},[56,72296,938],{"class":937},[56,72298,3093],{"class":66},[56,72300,72301,72303,72305,72307,72309],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,72302,524],{"class":284},[56,72304,288],{"class":75},[56,72306,1448],{"class":937},[56,72308,22036],{"class":941},[56,72310,1454],{"class":937},[56,72312,72313],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,72314,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,72316,72317,72319,72321,72323,72325],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,72318,6477],{"class":3341},[56,72320,21087],{"class":284},[56,72322,3348],{"class":75},[56,72324,5442],{"class":284},[56,72326,5871],{"class":66},[56,72328,72329,72332,72334,72336,72338,72340],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,72330,72331],{"class":284},"    items",[56,72333,497],{"class":66},[56,72335,34304],{"class":237},[56,72337,67],{"class":66},[56,72339,551],{"class":237},[56,72341,241],{"class":66},[56,72343,72344],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,72345,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,72347,72348,72350,72352,72354],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,72349,63],{"class":62},[56,72351,67],{"class":66},[56,72353,7292],{"class":237},[56,72355,241],{"class":66},[14,72357,130],{},[47,72359,72361],{"className":49,"code":72360,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[18,72362,72363],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72364,72365,72367,72369,72371,72373,72375,72377,72379,72381,72383,72385,72387,72389],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72366,3366],{"class":66},[56,72368,1394],{"class":937},[56,72370,3546],{"class":941},[56,72372,1394],{"class":937},[56,72374,1080],{"class":66},[56,72376,1389],{"class":937},[56,72378,3555],{"class":941},[56,72380,1394],{"class":937},[56,72382,1080],{"class":66},[56,72384,1389],{"class":937},[56,72386,32729],{"class":941},[56,72388,1394],{"class":937},[56,72390,3093],{"class":66},[14,72392,72393,72394,72396],{},"This avoids the error because ",[18,72395,55050],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[14,72398,72399,72400,497],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[372,72401,65363],{"href":72402},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[42,72404,72406],{"id":72405},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[14,72408,72409,3862,72411,72413],{},[18,72410,55050],{},[18,72412,12258],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[26,72415,72416,72423,72429,72435],{},[29,72417,72418,72420,72421],{},[18,72419,55050],{}," deletes by ",[3205,72422,551],{},[29,72424,72425,72420,72427],{},[18,72426,12258],{},[3205,72428,35357],{},[29,72430,72431,473,72433],{},[18,72432,55050],{},[18,72434,3241],{},[29,72436,72437,72439],{},[18,72438,12258],{}," returns the removed item",[14,72441,45558,72442,971],{},[18,72443,55050],{},[47,72445,72447],{"className":49,"code":72446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[18,72448,72449,72481,72499],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72450,72451,72453,72455,72457,72459,72461,72463,72465,72467,72469,72471,72473,72475,72477,72479],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72452,7261],{"class":284},[56,72454,288],{"class":75},[56,72456,3080],{"class":66},[56,72458,938],{"class":937},[56,72460,3546],{"class":941},[56,72462,938],{"class":937},[56,72464,1080],{"class":66},[56,72466,1448],{"class":937},[56,72468,3555],{"class":941},[56,72470,938],{"class":937},[56,72472,1080],{"class":66},[56,72474,1448],{"class":937},[56,72476,32729],{"class":941},[56,72478,938],{"class":937},[56,72480,3093],{"class":66},[56,72482,72483,72485,72487,72489,72491,72493,72495,72497],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,72484,7292],{"class":284},[56,72486,497],{"class":66},[56,72488,34304],{"class":237},[56,72490,67],{"class":66},[56,72492,938],{"class":937},[56,72494,3555],{"class":941},[56,72496,938],{"class":937},[56,72498,241],{"class":66},[56,72500,72501,72503,72505,72507],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,72502,63],{"class":62},[56,72504,67],{"class":66},[56,72506,7292],{"class":237},[56,72508,241],{"class":66},[14,72510,130],{},[47,72512,72514],{"className":49,"code":72513,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[18,72515,72516],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72517,72518,72520,72522,72524,72526,72528,72530,72532,72534],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72519,3366],{"class":66},[56,72521,1394],{"class":937},[56,72523,3546],{"class":941},[56,72525,1394],{"class":937},[56,72527,1080],{"class":66},[56,72529,1389],{"class":937},[56,72531,32729],{"class":941},[56,72533,1394],{"class":937},[56,72535,3093],{"class":66},[14,72537,45558,72538,971],{},[18,72539,12258],{},[47,72541,72543],{"className":49,"code":72542,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[18,72544,72545,72577,72596,72600,72610],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72546,72547,72549,72551,72553,72555,72557,72559,72561,72563,72565,72567,72569,72571,72573,72575],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72548,7261],{"class":284},[56,72550,288],{"class":75},[56,72552,3080],{"class":66},[56,72554,938],{"class":937},[56,72556,3546],{"class":941},[56,72558,938],{"class":937},[56,72560,1080],{"class":66},[56,72562,1448],{"class":937},[56,72564,3555],{"class":941},[56,72566,938],{"class":937},[56,72568,1080],{"class":66},[56,72570,1448],{"class":937},[56,72572,32729],{"class":941},[56,72574,938],{"class":937},[56,72576,3093],{"class":66},[56,72578,72579,72582,72584,72586,72588,72590,72592,72594],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,72580,72581],{"class":284},"removed_item ",[56,72583,288],{"class":75},[56,72585,5442],{"class":284},[56,72587,497],{"class":66},[56,72589,25746],{"class":237},[56,72591,67],{"class":66},[56,72593,1077],{"class":79},[56,72595,241],{"class":66},[56,72597,72598],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,72599,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,72601,72602,72604,72606,72608],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,72603,63],{"class":62},[56,72605,67],{"class":66},[56,72607,7292],{"class":237},[56,72609,241],{"class":66},[56,72611,72612,72614,72616,72619],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,72613,63],{"class":62},[56,72615,67],{"class":66},[56,72617,72618],{"class":237},"removed_item",[56,72620,241],{"class":66},[14,72622,130],{},[47,72624,72626],{"className":49,"code":72625,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[18,72627,72628,72648],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72629,72630,72632,72634,72636,72638,72640,72642,72644,72646],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72631,3366],{"class":66},[56,72633,1394],{"class":937},[56,72635,3546],{"class":941},[56,72637,1394],{"class":937},[56,72639,1080],{"class":66},[56,72641,1389],{"class":937},[56,72643,32729],{"class":941},[56,72645,1394],{"class":937},[56,72647,3093],{"class":66},[56,72649,72650],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,72651,69930],{"class":284},[14,72653,153,72654,72656],{},[18,72655,55050],{}," when you know the item value.",[14,72658,153,72659,72661],{},[18,72660,12258],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[14,72663,72664,72665,497],{},"For more detail, see the ",[372,72666,72667],{"href":54600},"Python list pop() method",[42,72669,72671],{"id":72670},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[14,72673,72674,3862,72676,72678],{},[18,72675,55050],{},[18,72677,26530],{}," are also different.",[26,72680,72681,72686,72691,72696],{},[29,72682,72683,72685],{},[18,72684,55050],{}," deletes by matching value",[29,72687,72688,72690],{},[18,72689,26530],{}," deletes by index or slice",[29,72692,153,72693,72695],{},[18,72694,26530],{}," when you know the position",[29,72697,153,72698,72700],{},[18,72699,55050],{}," when you know the item value",[14,72702,45558,72703,971],{},[18,72704,26530],{},[47,72706,72708],{"className":49,"code":72707,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[18,72709,72710,72742,72754],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72711,72712,72714,72716,72718,72720,72722,72724,72726,72728,72730,72732,72734,72736,72738,72740],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72713,7261],{"class":284},[56,72715,288],{"class":75},[56,72717,3080],{"class":66},[56,72719,938],{"class":937},[56,72721,3546],{"class":941},[56,72723,938],{"class":937},[56,72725,1080],{"class":66},[56,72727,1448],{"class":937},[56,72729,3555],{"class":941},[56,72731,938],{"class":937},[56,72733,1080],{"class":66},[56,72735,1448],{"class":937},[56,72737,32729],{"class":941},[56,72739,938],{"class":937},[56,72741,3093],{"class":66},[56,72743,72744,72746,72748,72750,72752],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,72745,26530],{"class":3341},[56,72747,5442],{"class":284},[56,72749,3366],{"class":66},[56,72751,1077],{"class":79},[56,72753,3093],{"class":66},[56,72755,72756,72758,72760,72762],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,72757,63],{"class":62},[56,72759,67],{"class":66},[56,72761,7292],{"class":237},[56,72763,241],{"class":66},[14,72765,130],{},[47,72767,72768],{"className":49,"code":72513,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,72769,72770],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72771,72772,72774,72776,72778,72780,72782,72784,72786,72788],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72773,3366],{"class":66},[56,72775,1394],{"class":937},[56,72777,3546],{"class":941},[56,72779,1394],{"class":937},[56,72781,1080],{"class":66},[56,72783,1389],{"class":937},[56,72785,32729],{"class":941},[56,72787,1394],{"class":937},[56,72789,3093],{"class":66},[14,72791,72792,72793,72795,72796,72798],{},"This removed the item at index ",[18,72794,1077],{},", not the value ",[18,72797,64798],{}," directly.",[14,72800,72801,72802,497],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[372,72803,54589],{"href":54588},[42,72805,912],{"id":911},[14,72807,20714,72808,971],{},[18,72809,55050],{},[26,72811,72812,72815,72820,72827,72836],{},[29,72813,72814],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[29,72816,7938,72817,72819],{},[18,72818,55050],{}," to delete all matching values",[29,72821,12089,72822,72824,72825],{},[18,72823,55050],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[18,72826,3241],{},[29,72828,7902,72829,44147,72831,964,72833,72835],{},[18,72830,55050],{},[18,72832,12258],{},[18,72834,26530],{}," would be a better fit",[29,72837,72838],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[14,72840,71030],{},[47,72842,72844],{"className":49,"code":72843,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[18,72845,72846,72856,72870,72888,72902],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,72847,72848,72850,72852,72854],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,72849,63],{"class":62},[56,72851,67],{"class":66},[56,72853,7823],{"class":237},[56,72855,241],{"class":66},[56,72857,72858,72860,72862,72864,72866,72868],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,72859,63],{"class":62},[56,72861,67],{"class":66},[56,72863,524],{"class":237},[56,72865,3348],{"class":3341},[56,72867,7880],{"class":237},[56,72869,241],{"class":66},[56,72871,72872,72874,72876,72878,72880,72882,72884,72886],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,72873,63],{"class":62},[56,72875,67],{"class":66},[56,72877,7823],{"class":237},[56,72879,497],{"class":66},[56,72881,40775],{"class":237},[56,72883,67],{"class":66},[56,72885,551],{"class":237},[56,72887,83],{"class":66},[56,72889,72890,72892,72894,72896,72898,72900],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,72891,63],{"class":62},[56,72893,67],{"class":66},[56,72895,1314],{"class":989},[56,72897,67],{"class":66},[56,72899,7823],{"class":237},[56,72901,83],{"class":66},[56,72903,72904,72906,72908,72910,72912,72914],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,72905,31660],{"class":62},[56,72907,67],{"class":66},[56,72909,7577],{"class":989},[56,72911,497],{"class":66},[56,72913,34304],{"class":24254},[56,72915,241],{"class":66},[14,72917,72918],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[26,72920,72921,72924,72927,72930],{},[29,72922,72923],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[29,72925,72926],{},"How many times does it appear?",[29,72928,72929],{},"Am I working with a list?",[29,72931,72932],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[14,72934,72935,72936,72938],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[372,72937,71194],{"href":58487}," may also help.",[42,72940,1553],{"id":1552},[615,72942,72944],{"id":72943},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[14,72946,72947],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[615,72949,72951],{"id":72950},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[14,72953,4621,72954,72956],{},[18,72955,3241],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[615,72958,72960],{"id":72959},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[14,72962,72963,72964,72967,72968,497],{},"Check with ",[18,72965,72966],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[18,72969,55050],{},[615,72971,72973],{"id":72972},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[14,72975,153,72976,72978,72979,72981],{},[18,72977,55050],{}," for a value and ",[18,72980,12258],{}," for an index.",[42,72983,1601],{"id":1600},[26,72985,72986,72990,72994,72998,73002],{},[29,72987,72988],{},[372,72989,55036],{"href":54588},[29,72991,72992],{},[372,72993,72667],{"href":54600},[29,72995,72996],{},[372,72997,71194],{"href":58487},[29,72999,73000],{},[372,73001,65363],{"href":72402},[29,73003,73004],{},[372,73005,73007],{"href":73006},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1633,73009,73010],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":73012},[73013,73014,73015,73016,73017,73018,73019,73020,73021,73022,73028],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":71339,"depth":86,"text":71340},{"id":4905,"depth":86,"text":4906},{"id":5262,"depth":86,"text":5263},{"id":71792,"depth":86,"text":71793},{"id":65153,"depth":86,"text":65154},{"id":72405,"depth":86,"text":72406},{"id":72670,"depth":86,"text":72671},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":73023},[73024,73025,73026,73027],{"id":72943,"depth":102,"text":72944},{"id":72950,"depth":102,"text":72951},{"id":72959,"depth":102,"text":72960},{"id":72972,"depth":102,"text":72973},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71242,"description":73029},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73036,"title":73037,"body":73038,"description":74929,"extension":1665,"meta":74930,"navigation":316,"path":74931,"seo":74932,"stem":74933,"__hash__":74934},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73039,"toc":74899},[73040,73046,73052,73055,73066,73068,73117,73122,73127,73131,73146,73148,73213,73215,73256,73258,73260,73275,73277,73288,73290,73347,73349,73382,73384,73387,73436,73438,73463,73465,73481,73487,73494,73555,73557,73590,73595,73598,73678,73680,73741,73747,73751,73754,73818,73820,73845,73847,73867,73869,73918,73920,73941,73950,73953,73957,73962,74007,74009,74030,74036,74041,74049,74113,74115,74152,74158,74162,74169,74234,74236,74273,74277,74294,74304,74309,74314,74325,74332,74334,74340,74363,74366,74393,74398,74401,74502,74504,74559,74562,74669,74671,74742,74745,74771,74773,74778,74782,74790,74795,74800,74806,74811,74815,74818,74835,74838,74858,74866,74868,74896],[10,73041,53863,73043,10814],{"id":73042},"python-list-reverse-method",[18,73044,73045],{},"reverse()",[14,73047,73048,73051],{},[18,73049,73050],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[14,73053,73054],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[14,73056,73057,73058,73060,73061,73065],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[18,73059,73045],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[372,73062,73064],{"href":73063},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[42,73067,3065],{"id":3064},[47,73069,73071],{"className":49,"code":73070,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[18,73072,73073,73093,73104],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73074,73075,73077,73079,73081,73083,73085,73087,73089,73091],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73076,3075],{"class":284},[56,73078,288],{"class":75},[56,73080,3080],{"class":66},[56,73082,1077],{"class":79},[56,73084,1080],{"class":66},[56,73086,1083],{"class":79},[56,73088,1080],{"class":66},[56,73090,529],{"class":79},[56,73092,3093],{"class":66},[56,73094,73095,73097,73099,73102],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,73096,3107],{"class":284},[56,73098,497],{"class":66},[56,73100,73101],{"class":237},"reverse",[56,73103,8129],{"class":66},[56,73105,73106,73108,73110,73112,73114],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,73107,63],{"class":62},[56,73109,67],{"class":66},[56,73111,3107],{"class":237},[56,73113,3120],{"class":66},[56,73115,73116],{"class":3123},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[14,73118,73119,73121],{},[18,73120,73045],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[42,73123,3138,73125,3141],{"id":73124},"what-listreverse-does",[18,73126,73050],{},[14,73128,73129,971],{},[18,73130,73050],{},[26,73132,73133,73136,73139,73143],{},[29,73134,73135],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[29,73137,73138],{},"Changes the original list directly",[29,73140,10916,73141],{},[18,73142,3241],{},[29,73144,73145],{},"Works only on list objects",[14,73147,274],{},[47,73149,73151],{"className":49,"code":73150,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[18,73152,73153,73193,73203],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73154,73155,73157,73159,73161,73163,73165,73167,73169,73171,73173,73175,73177,73179,73181,73183,73185,73187,73189,73191],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73156,35602],{"class":284},[56,73158,288],{"class":75},[56,73160,3080],{"class":66},[56,73162,938],{"class":937},[56,73164,372],{"class":941},[56,73166,938],{"class":937},[56,73168,1080],{"class":66},[56,73170,1448],{"class":937},[56,73172,4232],{"class":941},[56,73174,938],{"class":937},[56,73176,1080],{"class":66},[56,73178,1448],{"class":937},[56,73180,9228],{"class":941},[56,73182,938],{"class":937},[56,73184,1080],{"class":66},[56,73186,1448],{"class":937},[56,73188,18269],{"class":941},[56,73190,938],{"class":937},[56,73192,3093],{"class":66},[56,73194,73195,73197,73199,73201],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,73196,35655],{"class":284},[56,73198,497],{"class":66},[56,73200,73101],{"class":237},[56,73202,8129],{"class":66},[56,73204,73205,73207,73209,73211],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,73206,63],{"class":62},[56,73208,67],{"class":66},[56,73210,35655],{"class":237},[56,73212,241],{"class":66},[14,73214,130],{},[47,73216,73218],{"className":49,"code":73217,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[18,73219,73220],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73221,73222,73224,73226,73228,73230,73232,73234,73236,73238,73240,73242,73244,73246,73248,73250,73252,73254],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73223,3366],{"class":66},[56,73225,1394],{"class":937},[56,73227,18269],{"class":941},[56,73229,1394],{"class":937},[56,73231,1080],{"class":66},[56,73233,1389],{"class":937},[56,73235,9228],{"class":941},[56,73237,1394],{"class":937},[56,73239,1080],{"class":66},[56,73241,1389],{"class":937},[56,73243,4232],{"class":941},[56,73245,1394],{"class":937},[56,73247,1080],{"class":66},[56,73249,1389],{"class":937},[56,73251,372],{"class":941},[56,73253,1394],{"class":937},[56,73255,3093],{"class":66},[42,73257,220],{"id":219},[14,73259,223],{},[47,73261,73263],{"className":49,"code":73262,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.reverse()\n",[18,73264,73265],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73266,73267,73269,73271,73273],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73268,7823],{"class":284},[56,73270,497],{"class":66},[56,73272,73101],{"class":237},[56,73274,8129],{"class":66},[14,73276,12548],{},[26,73278,73279,73282,73285],{},[29,73280,73281],{},"No arguments are needed",[29,73283,73284],{},"You call it on an existing list",[29,73286,73287],{},"It only works on lists",[14,73289,274],{},[47,73291,73293],{"className":49,"code":73292,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[18,73294,73295,73327,73337],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73296,73297,73299,73301,73303,73305,73307,73309,73311,73313,73315,73317,73319,73321,73323,73325],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73298,12572],{"class":284},[56,73300,288],{"class":75},[56,73302,3080],{"class":66},[56,73304,938],{"class":937},[56,73306,12589],{"class":941},[56,73308,938],{"class":937},[56,73310,1080],{"class":66},[56,73312,1448],{"class":937},[56,73314,16956],{"class":941},[56,73316,938],{"class":937},[56,73318,1080],{"class":66},[56,73320,1448],{"class":937},[56,73322,12606],{"class":941},[56,73324,938],{"class":937},[56,73326,3093],{"class":66},[56,73328,73329,73331,73333,73335],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,73330,17003],{"class":284},[56,73332,497],{"class":66},[56,73334,73101],{"class":237},[56,73336,8129],{"class":66},[56,73338,73339,73341,73343,73345],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,73340,63],{"class":62},[56,73342,67],{"class":66},[56,73344,17003],{"class":237},[56,73346,241],{"class":66},[14,73348,130],{},[47,73350,73352],{"className":49,"code":73351,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[18,73353,73354],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73355,73356,73358,73360,73362,73364,73366,73368,73370,73372,73374,73376,73378,73380],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73357,3366],{"class":66},[56,73359,1394],{"class":937},[56,73361,12606],{"class":941},[56,73363,1394],{"class":937},[56,73365,1080],{"class":66},[56,73367,1389],{"class":937},[56,73369,16956],{"class":941},[56,73371,1394],{"class":937},[56,73373,1080],{"class":66},[56,73375,1389],{"class":937},[56,73377,12589],{"class":941},[56,73379,1394],{"class":937},[56,73381,3093],{"class":66},[42,73383,10968],{"id":10967},[14,73385,73386],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[47,73388,73390],{"className":49,"code":73389,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,73391,73392,73416,73426],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73393,73394,73396,73398,73400,73402,73404,73406,73408,73410,73412,73414],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73395,3075],{"class":284},[56,73397,288],{"class":75},[56,73399,3080],{"class":66},[56,73401,406],{"class":79},[56,73403,1080],{"class":66},[56,73405,7272],{"class":79},[56,73407,1080],{"class":66},[56,73409,7277],{"class":79},[56,73411,1080],{"class":66},[56,73413,50363],{"class":79},[56,73415,3093],{"class":66},[56,73417,73418,73420,73422,73424],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,73419,3107],{"class":284},[56,73421,497],{"class":66},[56,73423,73101],{"class":237},[56,73425,8129],{"class":66},[56,73427,73428,73430,73432,73434],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,73429,63],{"class":62},[56,73431,67],{"class":66},[56,73433,3107],{"class":237},[56,73435,241],{"class":66},[14,73437,130],{},[47,73439,73441],{"className":49,"code":73440,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,73442,73443],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73444,73445,73447,73449,73451,73453,73455,73457,73459,73461],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73446,3366],{"class":66},[56,73448,56214],{"class":79},[56,73450,1080],{"class":66},[56,73452,7277],{"class":79},[56,73454,1080],{"class":66},[56,73456,7272],{"class":79},[56,73458,1080],{"class":66},[56,73460,5481],{"class":79},[56,73462,3093],{"class":66},[14,73464,11177],{},[26,73466,73467,73473,73478],{},[29,73468,73469,73470],{},"The list starts as ",[18,73471,73472],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[29,73474,73475,73477],{},[18,73476,73045],{}," flips the order",[29,73479,73480],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[42,73482,73484,73486],{"id":73483},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[18,73485,73045],{}," changes the original list",[14,73488,73489,73490,73493],{},"This method is ",[3205,73491,73492],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[47,73495,73497],{"className":49,"code":73496,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,73498,73499,73531,73541,73545],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73500,73501,73503,73505,73507,73509,73511,73513,73515,73517,73519,73521,73523,73525,73527,73529],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73502,35751],{"class":284},[56,73504,288],{"class":75},[56,73506,3080],{"class":66},[56,73508,938],{"class":937},[56,73510,3546],{"class":941},[56,73512,938],{"class":937},[56,73514,1080],{"class":66},[56,73516,1448],{"class":937},[56,73518,3555],{"class":941},[56,73520,938],{"class":937},[56,73522,1080],{"class":66},[56,73524,1448],{"class":937},[56,73526,3564],{"class":941},[56,73528,938],{"class":937},[56,73530,3093],{"class":66},[56,73532,73533,73535,73537,73539],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,73534,35803],{"class":284},[56,73536,497],{"class":66},[56,73538,73101],{"class":237},[56,73540,8129],{"class":66},[56,73542,73543],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,73544,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,73546,73547,73549,73551,73553],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,73548,63],{"class":62},[56,73550,67],{"class":66},[56,73552,35803],{"class":237},[56,73554,241],{"class":66},[14,73556,130],{},[47,73558,73560],{"className":49,"code":73559,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[18,73561,73562],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73563,73564,73566,73568,73570,73572,73574,73576,73578,73580,73582,73584,73586,73588],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73565,3366],{"class":66},[56,73567,1394],{"class":937},[56,73569,3564],{"class":941},[56,73571,1394],{"class":937},[56,73573,1080],{"class":66},[56,73575,1389],{"class":937},[56,73577,3555],{"class":941},[56,73579,1394],{"class":937},[56,73581,1080],{"class":66},[56,73583,1389],{"class":937},[56,73585,3546],{"class":941},[56,73587,1394],{"class":937},[56,73589,3093],{"class":66},[14,73591,153,73592,73594],{},[18,73593,73045],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[14,73596,73597],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[47,73599,73601],{"className":49,"code":73600,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[18,73602,73603,73635,73653,73657,73667],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73604,73605,73607,73609,73611,73613,73615,73617,73619,73621,73623,73625,73627,73629,73631,73633],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73606,35751],{"class":284},[56,73608,288],{"class":75},[56,73610,3080],{"class":66},[56,73612,938],{"class":937},[56,73614,3546],{"class":941},[56,73616,938],{"class":937},[56,73618,1080],{"class":66},[56,73620,1448],{"class":937},[56,73622,3555],{"class":941},[56,73624,938],{"class":937},[56,73626,1080],{"class":66},[56,73628,1448],{"class":937},[56,73630,3564],{"class":941},[56,73632,938],{"class":937},[56,73634,3093],{"class":66},[56,73636,73637,73640,73642,73644,73647,73649,73651],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,73638,73639],{"class":284},"reversed_fruits ",[56,73641,288],{"class":75},[56,73643,52372],{"class":284},[56,73645,73646],{"class":66},"[::",[56,73648,76],{"class":75},[56,73650,1077],{"class":79},[56,73652,3093],{"class":66},[56,73654,73655],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,73656,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,73658,73659,73661,73663,73665],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,73660,63],{"class":62},[56,73662,67],{"class":66},[56,73664,35803],{"class":237},[56,73666,241],{"class":66},[56,73668,73669,73671,73673,73676],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,73670,63],{"class":62},[56,73672,67],{"class":66},[56,73674,73675],{"class":237},"reversed_fruits",[56,73677,241],{"class":66},[14,73679,130],{},[47,73681,73683],{"className":49,"code":73682,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[18,73684,73685,73713],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73686,73687,73689,73691,73693,73695,73697,73699,73701,73703,73705,73707,73709,73711],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73688,3366],{"class":66},[56,73690,1394],{"class":937},[56,73692,3546],{"class":941},[56,73694,1394],{"class":937},[56,73696,1080],{"class":66},[56,73698,1389],{"class":937},[56,73700,3555],{"class":941},[56,73702,1394],{"class":937},[56,73704,1080],{"class":66},[56,73706,1389],{"class":937},[56,73708,3564],{"class":941},[56,73710,1394],{"class":937},[56,73712,3093],{"class":66},[56,73714,73715,73717,73719,73721,73723,73725,73727,73729,73731,73733,73735,73737,73739],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,73716,3366],{"class":66},[56,73718,1394],{"class":937},[56,73720,3564],{"class":941},[56,73722,1394],{"class":937},[56,73724,1080],{"class":66},[56,73726,1389],{"class":937},[56,73728,3555],{"class":941},[56,73730,1394],{"class":937},[56,73732,1080],{"class":66},[56,73734,1389],{"class":937},[56,73736,3546],{"class":941},[56,73738,1394],{"class":937},[56,73740,3093],{"class":66},[14,73742,73743,73744,497],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[372,73745,73746],{"href":73063},"Python list slicing explained",[42,73748,73750],{"id":73749},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[14,73752,73753],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[47,73755,73757],{"className":49,"code":73756,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,73758,73759,73779,73793,73797,73808],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73760,73761,73763,73765,73767,73769,73771,73773,73775,73777],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73762,3075],{"class":284},[56,73764,288],{"class":75},[56,73766,3080],{"class":66},[56,73768,1077],{"class":79},[56,73770,1080],{"class":66},[56,73772,1083],{"class":79},[56,73774,1080],{"class":66},[56,73776,529],{"class":79},[56,73778,3093],{"class":66},[56,73780,73781,73783,73785,73787,73789,73791],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,73782,55411],{"class":284},[56,73784,288],{"class":75},[56,73786,3731],{"class":284},[56,73788,497],{"class":66},[56,73790,73101],{"class":237},[56,73792,8129],{"class":66},[56,73794,73795],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,73796,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,73798,73799,73801,73803,73806],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,73800,63],{"class":62},[56,73802,67],{"class":66},[56,73804,73805],{"class":237},"new_list",[56,73807,241],{"class":66},[56,73809,73810,73812,73814,73816],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,73811,63],{"class":62},[56,73813,67],{"class":66},[56,73815,3107],{"class":237},[56,73817,241],{"class":66},[14,73819,130],{},[47,73821,73823],{"className":49,"code":73822,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,73824,73825,73829],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73826,73827],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73828,11302],{"class":3316},[56,73830,73831,73833,73835,73837,73839,73841,73843],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,73832,3366],{"class":66},[56,73834,121],{"class":79},[56,73836,1080],{"class":66},[56,73838,1083],{"class":79},[56,73840,1080],{"class":66},[56,73842,4973],{"class":79},[56,73844,3093],{"class":66},[14,73846,11394],{},[26,73848,73849,73857,73861],{},[29,73850,73851,73853,73854,73856],{},[18,73852,73045],{}," changes ",[18,73855,3107],{}," directly",[29,73858,40421,73859,71363],{},[3205,73860,4101],{},[29,73862,53174,73863,41671,73865],{},[18,73864,73805],{},[18,73866,3241],{},[14,73868,61421],{},[47,73870,73872],{"className":49,"code":73871,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,73873,73874,73894,73904,73908],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73875,73876,73878,73880,73882,73884,73886,73888,73890,73892],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73877,3075],{"class":284},[56,73879,288],{"class":75},[56,73881,3080],{"class":66},[56,73883,1077],{"class":79},[56,73885,1080],{"class":66},[56,73887,1083],{"class":79},[56,73889,1080],{"class":66},[56,73891,529],{"class":79},[56,73893,3093],{"class":66},[56,73895,73896,73898,73900,73902],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,73897,3107],{"class":284},[56,73899,497],{"class":66},[56,73901,73101],{"class":237},[56,73903,8129],{"class":66},[56,73905,73906],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,73907,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,73909,73910,73912,73914,73916],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,73911,63],{"class":62},[56,73913,67],{"class":66},[56,73915,3107],{"class":237},[56,73917,241],{"class":66},[14,73919,130],{},[47,73921,73923],{"className":49,"code":73922,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,73924,73925],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73926,73927,73929,73931,73933,73935,73937,73939],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73928,3366],{"class":66},[56,73930,121],{"class":79},[56,73932,1080],{"class":66},[56,73934,1083],{"class":79},[56,73936,1080],{"class":66},[56,73938,4973],{"class":79},[56,73940,3093],{"class":66},[42,73942,73944,10075,73946,73949],{"id":73943},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[18,73945,73045],{},[18,73947,73948],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[14,73951,73952],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[615,73954,73955],{"id":73101},[18,73956,73045],{},[14,73958,73959,73961],{},[18,73960,73045],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[47,73963,73965],{"className":49,"code":73964,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,73966,73967,73987,73997],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,73968,73969,73971,73973,73975,73977,73979,73981,73983,73985],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,73970,3075],{"class":284},[56,73972,288],{"class":75},[56,73974,3080],{"class":66},[56,73976,121],{"class":79},[56,73978,1080],{"class":66},[56,73980,4973],{"class":79},[56,73982,1080],{"class":66},[56,73984,1083],{"class":79},[56,73986,3093],{"class":66},[56,73988,73989,73991,73993,73995],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,73990,3107],{"class":284},[56,73992,497],{"class":66},[56,73994,73101],{"class":237},[56,73996,8129],{"class":66},[56,73998,73999,74001,74003,74005],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,74000,63],{"class":62},[56,74002,67],{"class":66},[56,74004,3107],{"class":237},[56,74006,241],{"class":66},[14,74008,130],{},[47,74010,74012],{"className":49,"code":74011,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[18,74013,74014],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74015,74016,74018,74020,74022,74024,74026,74028],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74017,3366],{"class":66},[56,74019,115],{"class":79},[56,74021,1080],{"class":66},[56,74023,4973],{"class":79},[56,74025,1080],{"class":66},[56,74027,529],{"class":79},[56,74029,3093],{"class":66},[14,74031,74032,74033,74035],{},"Notice that this is ",[3205,74034,4101],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[615,74037,74039],{"id":74038},"sorted",[18,74040,73948],{},[14,74042,74043,74048],{},[372,74044,74046],{"href":74045},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[18,74047,73948],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[47,74050,74052],{"className":49,"code":74051,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,74053,74054,74074,74089,74093,74103],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74055,74056,74058,74060,74062,74064,74066,74068,74070,74072],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74057,3075],{"class":284},[56,74059,288],{"class":75},[56,74061,3080],{"class":66},[56,74063,121],{"class":79},[56,74065,1080],{"class":66},[56,74067,4973],{"class":79},[56,74069,1080],{"class":66},[56,74071,1083],{"class":79},[56,74073,3093],{"class":66},[56,74075,74076,74078,74080,74083,74085,74087],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,74077,299],{"class":284},[56,74079,288],{"class":75},[56,74081,74082],{"class":62}," sorted",[56,74084,67],{"class":66},[56,74086,3107],{"class":237},[56,74088,241],{"class":66},[56,74090,74091],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,74092,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,74094,74095,74097,74099,74101],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,74096,63],{"class":62},[56,74098,67],{"class":66},[56,74100,3107],{"class":237},[56,74102,241],{"class":66},[56,74104,74105,74107,74109,74111],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,74106,63],{"class":62},[56,74108,67],{"class":66},[56,74110,338],{"class":237},[56,74112,241],{"class":66},[14,74114,130],{},[47,74116,74118],{"className":49,"code":74117,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,74119,74120,74136],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74121,74122,74124,74126,74128,74130,74132,74134],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74123,3366],{"class":66},[56,74125,121],{"class":79},[56,74127,1080],{"class":66},[56,74129,4973],{"class":79},[56,74131,1080],{"class":66},[56,74133,1083],{"class":79},[56,74135,3093],{"class":66},[56,74137,74138,74140,74142,74144,74146,74148,74150],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,74139,3366],{"class":66},[56,74141,1077],{"class":79},[56,74143,1080],{"class":66},[56,74145,1083],{"class":79},[56,74147,1080],{"class":66},[56,74149,529],{"class":79},[56,74151,3093],{"class":66},[14,74153,74154,74155,497],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[18,74156,74157],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[615,74159,74161],{"id":74160},"slicing","Slicing",[14,74163,74164,74165,74168],{},"Slicing with ",[18,74166,74167],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[47,74170,74172],{"className":49,"code":74171,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,74173,74174,74194,74210,74214,74224],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74175,74176,74178,74180,74182,74184,74186,74188,74190,74192],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74177,3075],{"class":284},[56,74179,288],{"class":75},[56,74181,3080],{"class":66},[56,74183,121],{"class":79},[56,74185,1080],{"class":66},[56,74187,4973],{"class":79},[56,74189,1080],{"class":66},[56,74191,1083],{"class":79},[56,74193,3093],{"class":66},[56,74195,74196,74198,74200,74202,74204,74206,74208],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,74197,299],{"class":284},[56,74199,288],{"class":75},[56,74201,3731],{"class":284},[56,74203,73646],{"class":66},[56,74205,76],{"class":75},[56,74207,1077],{"class":79},[56,74209,3093],{"class":66},[56,74211,74212],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,74213,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,74215,74216,74218,74220,74222],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,74217,63],{"class":62},[56,74219,67],{"class":66},[56,74221,3107],{"class":237},[56,74223,241],{"class":66},[56,74225,74226,74228,74230,74232],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,74227,63],{"class":62},[56,74229,67],{"class":66},[56,74231,338],{"class":237},[56,74233,241],{"class":66},[14,74235,130],{},[47,74237,74239],{"className":49,"code":74238,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[18,74240,74241,74257],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74242,74243,74245,74247,74249,74251,74253,74255],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74244,3366],{"class":66},[56,74246,121],{"class":79},[56,74248,1080],{"class":66},[56,74250,4973],{"class":79},[56,74252,1080],{"class":66},[56,74254,1083],{"class":79},[56,74256,3093],{"class":66},[56,74258,74259,74261,74263,74265,74267,74269,74271],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,74260,3366],{"class":66},[56,74262,115],{"class":79},[56,74264,1080],{"class":66},[56,74266,4973],{"class":79},[56,74268,1080],{"class":66},[56,74270,529],{"class":79},[56,74272,3093],{"class":66},[615,74274,74276],{"id":74275},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[26,74278,74279,74284,74289],{},[29,74280,153,74281,74283],{},[18,74282,73045],{}," when you want to change the original list",[29,74285,153,74286,74288],{},[18,74287,74167],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[29,74290,153,74291,74293],{},[18,74292,73948],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[14,74295,74296,74297,74303],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[372,74298,74300,74301,10231],{"href":74299},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[18,74302,63835],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[42,74305,4433,74307],{"id":74306},"when-to-use-reverse",[18,74308,73045],{},[14,74310,74311,74313],{},[18,74312,73045],{}," is a good choice:",[26,74315,74316,74319,74322],{},[29,74317,74318],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[29,74320,74321],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[29,74323,74324],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[14,74326,74327,74328,497],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[372,74329,74331],{"href":74330},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[42,74333,912],{"id":911},[14,74335,74336,74337,74339],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[18,74338,73045],{}," for these reasons:",[26,74341,74342,74346,74351,74356],{},[29,74343,12089,74344,12092],{},[18,74345,73045],{},[29,74347,7938,74348,74350],{},[18,74349,73045],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[29,74352,7902,74353,74355],{},[18,74354,73045],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[29,74357,36717,74358,8191,74360],{},[18,74359,73045],{},[18,74361,74362],{},"reversed()",[14,74364,74365],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[47,74367,74369],{"className":49,"code":74368,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[18,74370,74371,74383],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74372,74373,74375,74377,74379,74381],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74374,34197],{"class":284},[56,74376,288],{"class":75},[56,74378,1448],{"class":937},[56,74380,3309],{"class":941},[56,74382,1454],{"class":937},[56,74384,74385,74387,74389,74391],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,74386,34218],{"class":284},[56,74388,497],{"class":66},[56,74390,73101],{"class":237},[56,74392,8129],{"class":66},[14,74394,74395,74396,33109],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[18,74397,73045],{},[14,74399,74400],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[47,74402,74404],{"className":49,"code":74403,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,74405,74406,74426,74430,74440,74454,74458,74472,74482,74486],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74407,74408,74410,74412,74414,74416,74418,74420,74422,74424],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74409,7792],{"class":284},[56,74411,288],{"class":75},[56,74413,3080],{"class":66},[56,74415,1077],{"class":79},[56,74417,1080],{"class":66},[56,74419,1083],{"class":79},[56,74421,1080],{"class":66},[56,74423,529],{"class":79},[56,74425,3093],{"class":66},[56,74427,74428],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,74429,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,74431,74432,74434,74436,74438],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,74433,63],{"class":62},[56,74435,67],{"class":66},[56,74437,7823],{"class":237},[56,74439,241],{"class":66},[56,74441,74442,74444,74446,74448,74450,74452],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,74443,63],{"class":62},[56,74445,67],{"class":66},[56,74447,1314],{"class":989},[56,74449,67],{"class":66},[56,74451,7823],{"class":237},[56,74453,83],{"class":66},[56,74455,74456],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,74457,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,74459,74460,74462,74464,74466,74468,74470],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,74461,299],{"class":284},[56,74463,288],{"class":75},[56,74465,7880],{"class":284},[56,74467,497],{"class":66},[56,74469,73101],{"class":237},[56,74471,8129],{"class":66},[56,74473,74474,74476,74478,74480],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,74475,63],{"class":62},[56,74477,67],{"class":66},[56,74479,338],{"class":237},[56,74481,241],{"class":66},[56,74483,74484],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,74485,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,74487,74488,74490,74492,74494,74496,74498,74500],{"class":58,"line":5910},[56,74489,63],{"class":62},[56,74491,67],{"class":66},[56,74493,7823],{"class":237},[56,74495,73646],{"class":66},[56,74497,76],{"class":75},[56,74499,1077],{"class":79},[56,74501,3354],{"class":66},[14,74503,130],{},[47,74505,74507],{"className":49,"code":74506,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[18,74508,74509,74525,74539,74543],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74510,74511,74513,74515,74517,74519,74521,74523],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74512,3366],{"class":66},[56,74514,1077],{"class":79},[56,74516,1080],{"class":66},[56,74518,1083],{"class":79},[56,74520,1080],{"class":66},[56,74522,529],{"class":79},[56,74524,3093],{"class":66},[56,74526,74527,74529,74531,74533,74535,74537],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,74528,1383],{"class":75},[56,74530,1386],{"class":124},[56,74532,1389],{"class":937},[56,74534,7577],{"class":941},[56,74536,1394],{"class":937},[56,74538,1397],{"class":75},[56,74540,74541],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,74542,11302],{"class":3316},[56,74544,74545,74547,74549,74551,74553,74555,74557],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,74546,3366],{"class":66},[56,74548,1077],{"class":79},[56,74550,1080],{"class":66},[56,74552,1083],{"class":79},[56,74554,1080],{"class":66},[56,74556,4973],{"class":79},[56,74558,3093],{"class":66},[14,74560,74561],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[47,74563,74565],{"className":49,"code":74564,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,74566,74567,74587,74591,74601,74615,74619,74633,74643,74653],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74568,74569,74571,74573,74575,74577,74579,74581,74583,74585],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74570,7792],{"class":284},[56,74572,288],{"class":75},[56,74574,3080],{"class":66},[56,74576,1077],{"class":79},[56,74578,1080],{"class":66},[56,74580,1083],{"class":79},[56,74582,1080],{"class":66},[56,74584,529],{"class":79},[56,74586,3093],{"class":66},[56,74588,74589],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,74590,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,74592,74593,74595,74597,74599],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,74594,63],{"class":62},[56,74596,67],{"class":66},[56,74598,7823],{"class":237},[56,74600,241],{"class":66},[56,74602,74603,74605,74607,74609,74611,74613],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,74604,63],{"class":62},[56,74606,67],{"class":66},[56,74608,1314],{"class":989},[56,74610,67],{"class":66},[56,74612,7823],{"class":237},[56,74614,83],{"class":66},[56,74616,74617],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,74618,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,74620,74621,74623,74625,74627,74629,74631],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,74622,299],{"class":284},[56,74624,288],{"class":75},[56,74626,7880],{"class":284},[56,74628,497],{"class":66},[56,74630,73101],{"class":237},[56,74632,8129],{"class":66},[56,74634,74635,74637,74639,74641],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,74636,63],{"class":62},[56,74638,67],{"class":66},[56,74640,338],{"class":237},[56,74642,241],{"class":66},[56,74644,74645,74647,74649,74651],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,74646,63],{"class":62},[56,74648,67],{"class":66},[56,74650,7823],{"class":237},[56,74652,241],{"class":66},[56,74654,74655,74657,74659,74661,74663,74665,74667],{"class":58,"line":5910},[56,74656,63],{"class":62},[56,74658,67],{"class":66},[56,74660,7823],{"class":237},[56,74662,73646],{"class":66},[56,74664,76],{"class":75},[56,74666,1077],{"class":79},[56,74668,3354],{"class":66},[14,74670,130],{},[47,74672,74674],{"className":49,"code":74673,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,74675,74676,74692,74706,74710,74726],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74677,74678,74680,74682,74684,74686,74688,74690],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74679,3366],{"class":66},[56,74681,1077],{"class":79},[56,74683,1080],{"class":66},[56,74685,1083],{"class":79},[56,74687,1080],{"class":66},[56,74689,529],{"class":79},[56,74691,3093],{"class":66},[56,74693,74694,74696,74698,74700,74702,74704],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,74695,1383],{"class":75},[56,74697,1386],{"class":124},[56,74699,1389],{"class":937},[56,74701,7577],{"class":941},[56,74703,1394],{"class":937},[56,74705,1397],{"class":75},[56,74707,74708],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,74709,11302],{"class":3316},[56,74711,74712,74714,74716,74718,74720,74722,74724],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,74713,3366],{"class":66},[56,74715,121],{"class":79},[56,74717,1080],{"class":66},[56,74719,1083],{"class":79},[56,74721,1080],{"class":66},[56,74723,4973],{"class":79},[56,74725,3093],{"class":66},[56,74727,74728,74730,74732,74734,74736,74738,74740],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,74729,3366],{"class":66},[56,74731,1077],{"class":79},[56,74733,1080],{"class":66},[56,74735,1083],{"class":79},[56,74737,1080],{"class":66},[56,74739,529],{"class":79},[56,74741,3093],{"class":66},[14,74743,74744],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[26,74746,74747,74756,74765],{},[29,74748,27301,74749,74752,74753],{},[18,74750,74751],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[18,74754,74755],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[29,74757,11410,74758,74761,74762,22063],{},[18,74759,74760],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[3205,74763,74764],{},"current",[29,74766,74767,74768],{},"So it prints ",[18,74769,74770],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[42,74772,1553],{"id":1552},[615,74774,12199,74776,54990],{"id":74775},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[18,74777,73050],{},[14,74779,62126,74780,497],{},[18,74781,3241],{},[615,74783,33714,74785,33717,74787,571],{"id":74784},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[18,74786,73045],{},[18,74788,74789],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[14,74791,74792,74794],{},[18,74793,73045],{}," only flips the current order.",[14,74796,74797,74799],{},[18,74798,74789],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[615,74801,27834,74803,74805],{"id":74802},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[18,74804,73045],{}," on a tuple or string?",[14,74807,45883,74808,74810],{},[18,74809,73045],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[615,74812,74814],{"id":74813},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[14,74816,74817],{},"Use slicing:",[47,74819,74821],{"className":49,"code":74820,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list[::-1]\n",[18,74822,74823],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74824,74825,74827,74829,74831,74833],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74826,7823],{"class":284},[56,74828,73646],{"class":66},[56,74830,76],{"class":75},[56,74832,1077],{"class":79},[56,74834,3093],{"class":66},[14,74836,74837],{},"Or use:",[47,74839,74841],{"className":49,"code":74840,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[18,74842,74843],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74844,74845,74847,74849,74852,74854,74856],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74846,7577],{"class":989},[56,74848,67],{"class":66},[56,74850,74851],{"class":62},"reversed",[56,74853,67],{"class":66},[56,74855,7823],{"class":237},[56,74857,83],{"class":66},[14,74859,74860,74861,74865],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[372,74862,55041,74863],{"href":54481},[18,74864,12272],{}," can also help.",[42,74867,1601],{"id":1600},[26,74869,74870,74876,74882,74886,74890],{},[29,74871,74872],{},[372,74873,55041,74874,10231],{"href":74299},[18,74875,63835],{},[29,74877,74878],{},[372,74879,3031,74880,1610],{"href":74045},[18,74881,73948],{},[29,74883,74884],{},[372,74885,74331],{"href":74330},[29,74887,74888],{},[372,74889,73746],{"href":73063},[29,74891,74892],{},[372,74893,55041,74894,10231],{"href":54481},[18,74895,12272],{},[1633,74897,74898],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":74900},[74901,74902,74904,74905,74906,74908,74909,74916,74918,74919,74928],{"id":3064,"depth":86,"text":3065},{"id":73124,"depth":86,"text":74903},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":10967,"depth":86,"text":10968},{"id":73483,"depth":86,"text":74907},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73749,"depth":86,"text":73750},{"id":73943,"depth":86,"text":74910,"children":74911},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[74912,74913,74914,74915],{"id":73101,"depth":102,"text":73045},{"id":74038,"depth":102,"text":73948},{"id":74160,"depth":102,"text":74161},{"id":74275,"depth":102,"text":74276},{"id":74306,"depth":86,"text":74917},"When to use reverse()",{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":74920},[74921,74923,74925,74927],{"id":74775,"depth":102,"text":74922},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":74784,"depth":102,"text":74924},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":74802,"depth":102,"text":74926},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":74813,"depth":102,"text":74814},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73037,"description":74929},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":74936,"title":74937,"body":74938,"description":77371,"extension":1665,"meta":77372,"navigation":316,"path":77373,"seo":77374,"stem":77375,"__hash__":77376},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":74939,"toc":77339},[74940,74943,74955,74958,74981,74989,74991,75103,75112,75116,75119,75122,75209,75211,75244,75246,75269,75275,75279,75282,75304,75306,75323,75326,75346,75348,75458,75460,75537,75541,75544,75587,75589,75722,75724,75826,75831,75835,75838,75840,75854,75857,75971,75973,76047,76049,76077,76081,76086,76116,76119,76245,76247,76329,76335,76339,76341,76380,76389,76393,76396,76400,76447,76449,76457,76461,76512,76514,76527,76529,76543,76546,76554,76556,76603,76605,76613,76616,76659,76664,76667,76670,76693,76697,76748,76751,76772,76782,76786,76788,76818,76821,76844,76848,76851,76918,76920,76957,76960,76968,77035,77037,77074,77080,77087,77091,77094,77124,77129,77133,77136,77160,77163,77257,77267,77269,77273,77276,77280,77283,77288,77291,77297,77300,77302,77330,77336],[10,74941,74937],{"id":74942},"python-list-slicing-explained",[14,74944,74945,74946,255,74948,16572,74951,74954],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[18,74947,35584],{},[18,74949,74950],{},"stop",[18,74952,74953],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[14,74956,74957],{},"The basic slice form is:",[47,74959,74961],{"className":49,"code":74960,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[18,74962,74963],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74964,74965,74967,74969,74971,74973,74975,74977,74979],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74966,7823],{"class":284},[56,74968,3366],{"class":66},[56,74970,35584],{"class":284},[56,74972,971],{"class":66},[56,74974,74950],{"class":284},[56,74976,971],{"class":66},[56,74978,74953],{"class":284},[56,74980,3093],{"class":66},[14,74982,74983,74984,74986,74987,497],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[18,74985,74950],{}," position is ",[3205,74988,64593],{},[42,74990,45],{"id":44},[47,74992,74994],{"className":49,"code":74993,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,74995,74996,75024,75028,75049,75067,75084],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,74997,74998,75000,75002,75004,75006,75008,75010,75012,75014,75016,75018,75020,75022],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,74999,3075],{"class":284},[56,75001,288],{"class":75},[56,75003,3080],{"class":66},[56,75005,406],{"class":79},[56,75007,1080],{"class":66},[56,75009,7272],{"class":79},[56,75011,1080],{"class":66},[56,75013,7277],{"class":79},[56,75015,1080],{"class":66},[56,75017,50363],{"class":79},[56,75019,1080],{"class":66},[56,75021,4553],{"class":79},[56,75023,3093],{"class":66},[56,75025,75026],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,75027,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,75029,75030,75032,75034,75036,75038,75040,75042,75044,75046],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,75031,63],{"class":62},[56,75033,67],{"class":66},[56,75035,3107],{"class":237},[56,75037,3366],{"class":66},[56,75039,1077],{"class":79},[56,75041,971],{"class":66},[56,75043,584],{"class":79},[56,75045,19948],{"class":66},[56,75047,75048],{"class":3123},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[56,75050,75051,75053,75055,75057,75060,75062,75064],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,75052,63],{"class":62},[56,75054,67],{"class":66},[56,75056,3107],{"class":237},[56,75058,75059],{"class":66},"[:",[56,75061,121],{"class":79},[56,75063,19948],{"class":66},[56,75065,75066],{"class":3123},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[56,75068,75069,75071,75073,75075,75077,75079,75081],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,75070,63],{"class":62},[56,75072,67],{"class":66},[56,75074,3107],{"class":237},[56,75076,73646],{"class":66},[56,75078,115],{"class":79},[56,75080,19948],{"class":66},[56,75082,75083],{"class":3123},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[56,75085,75086,75088,75090,75092,75094,75096,75098,75100],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,75087,63],{"class":62},[56,75089,67],{"class":66},[56,75091,3107],{"class":237},[56,75093,73646],{"class":66},[56,75095,76],{"class":75},[56,75097,1077],{"class":79},[56,75099,19948],{"class":66},[56,75101,75102],{"class":3123},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[14,75104,153,75105,75108,75109,75111],{},[18,75106,75107],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[18,75110,74950],{}," value is not included.",[42,75113,75115],{"id":75114},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[14,75117,75118],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[14,75120,75121],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[47,75123,75125],{"className":49,"code":75124,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[18,75126,75127,75175,75179,75198],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75128,75129,75131,75133,75135,75137,75139,75141,75143,75145,75147,75149,75151,75153,75155,75157,75159,75161,75163,75165,75167,75169,75171,75173],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75130,35602],{"class":284},[56,75132,288],{"class":75},[56,75134,3080],{"class":66},[56,75136,938],{"class":937},[56,75138,372],{"class":941},[56,75140,938],{"class":937},[56,75142,1080],{"class":66},[56,75144,1448],{"class":937},[56,75146,4232],{"class":941},[56,75148,938],{"class":937},[56,75150,1080],{"class":66},[56,75152,1448],{"class":937},[56,75154,9228],{"class":941},[56,75156,938],{"class":937},[56,75158,1080],{"class":66},[56,75160,1448],{"class":937},[56,75162,18269],{"class":941},[56,75164,938],{"class":937},[56,75166,1080],{"class":66},[56,75168,1448],{"class":937},[56,75170,59970],{"class":941},[56,75172,938],{"class":937},[56,75174,3093],{"class":66},[56,75176,75177],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,75178,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,75180,75181,75184,75186,75188,75190,75192,75194,75196],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,75182,75183],{"class":284},"part ",[56,75185,288],{"class":75},[56,75187,69620],{"class":284},[56,75189,3366],{"class":66},[56,75191,1077],{"class":79},[56,75193,971],{"class":66},[56,75195,584],{"class":79},[56,75197,3093],{"class":66},[56,75199,75200,75202,75204,75207],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,75201,63],{"class":62},[56,75203,67],{"class":66},[56,75205,75206],{"class":237},"part",[56,75208,241],{"class":66},[14,75210,130],{},[47,75212,75214],{"className":49,"code":75213,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,75215,75216],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75217,75218,75220,75222,75224,75226,75228,75230,75232,75234,75236,75238,75240,75242],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75219,3366],{"class":66},[56,75221,1394],{"class":937},[56,75223,4232],{"class":941},[56,75225,1394],{"class":937},[56,75227,1080],{"class":66},[56,75229,1389],{"class":937},[56,75231,9228],{"class":941},[56,75233,1394],{"class":937},[56,75235,1080],{"class":66},[56,75237,1389],{"class":937},[56,75239,18269],{"class":941},[56,75241,1394],{"class":937},[56,75243,3093],{"class":66},[14,75245,12548],{},[26,75247,75248,75251,75254,75260,75266],{},[29,75249,75250],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[29,75252,75253],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[29,75255,75256,75257],{},"Basic form: ",[18,75258,75259],{},"list[start:stop]",[29,75261,75262,75263,75265],{},"The item at ",[18,75264,74950],{}," is not included",[29,75267,75268],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[14,75270,75271,75272,497],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[372,75273,75274],{"href":50499},"beginner guide to Python lists",[42,75276,75278],{"id":75277},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[14,75280,75281],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[47,75283,75284],{"className":49,"code":74960,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,75285,75286],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75287,75288,75290,75292,75294,75296,75298,75300,75302],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75289,7823],{"class":284},[56,75291,3366],{"class":66},[56,75293,35584],{"class":284},[56,75295,971],{"class":66},[56,75297,74950],{"class":284},[56,75299,971],{"class":66},[56,75301,74953],{"class":284},[56,75303,3093],{"class":66},[14,75305,64569],{},[26,75307,75308,75313,75318],{},[29,75309,75310,75312],{},[18,75311,35584],{}," is where slicing begins",[29,75314,75315,75317],{},[18,75316,74950],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[29,75319,75320,75322],{},[18,75321,74953],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[14,75324,75325],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[26,75327,75328,75334,75339],{},[29,75329,75330,75331,75333],{},"Missing ",[18,75332,35584],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[29,75335,75330,75336,75338],{},[18,75337,74950],{}," means go to the end of the list",[29,75340,75330,75341,75343,75344],{},[18,75342,74953],{}," means use ",[18,75345,1077],{},[14,75347,274],{},[47,75349,75351],{"className":49,"code":75350,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[18,75352,75353,75381,75385,75406,75423,75441],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75354,75355,75357,75359,75361,75363,75365,75367,75369,75371,75373,75375,75377,75379],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75356,3075],{"class":284},[56,75358,288],{"class":75},[56,75360,3080],{"class":66},[56,75362,406],{"class":79},[56,75364,1080],{"class":66},[56,75366,7272],{"class":79},[56,75368,1080],{"class":66},[56,75370,7277],{"class":79},[56,75372,1080],{"class":66},[56,75374,50363],{"class":79},[56,75376,1080],{"class":66},[56,75378,4553],{"class":79},[56,75380,3093],{"class":66},[56,75382,75383],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,75384,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,75386,75387,75389,75391,75393,75395,75397,75399,75401,75403],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,75388,63],{"class":62},[56,75390,67],{"class":66},[56,75392,3107],{"class":237},[56,75394,3366],{"class":66},[56,75396,1077],{"class":79},[56,75398,971],{"class":66},[56,75400,584],{"class":79},[56,75402,19948],{"class":66},[56,75404,75405],{"class":3123},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[56,75407,75408,75410,75412,75414,75416,75418,75420],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,75409,63],{"class":62},[56,75411,67],{"class":66},[56,75413,3107],{"class":237},[56,75415,75059],{"class":66},[56,75417,121],{"class":79},[56,75419,19948],{"class":66},[56,75421,75422],{"class":3123},"    # start from the beginning\n",[56,75424,75425,75427,75429,75431,75433,75435,75438],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,75426,63],{"class":62},[56,75428,67],{"class":66},[56,75430,3107],{"class":237},[56,75432,3366],{"class":66},[56,75434,115],{"class":79},[56,75436,75437],{"class":66},":])",[56,75439,75440],{"class":3123},"    # go to the end\n",[56,75442,75443,75445,75447,75449,75451,75453,75455],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,75444,63],{"class":62},[56,75446,67],{"class":66},[56,75448,3107],{"class":237},[56,75450,73646],{"class":66},[56,75452,1077],{"class":79},[56,75454,19948],{"class":66},[56,75456,75457],{"class":3123},"   # step of 1\n",[14,75459,130],{},[47,75461,75463],{"className":49,"code":75462,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[18,75464,75465,75481,75497,75513],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75466,75467,75469,75471,75473,75475,75477,75479],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75468,3366],{"class":66},[56,75470,15253],{"class":79},[56,75472,1080],{"class":66},[56,75474,7277],{"class":79},[56,75476,1080],{"class":66},[56,75478,50363],{"class":79},[56,75480,3093],{"class":66},[56,75482,75483,75485,75487,75489,75491,75493,75495],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,75484,3366],{"class":66},[56,75486,406],{"class":79},[56,75488,1080],{"class":66},[56,75490,7272],{"class":79},[56,75492,1080],{"class":66},[56,75494,7277],{"class":79},[56,75496,3093],{"class":66},[56,75498,75499,75501,75503,75505,75507,75509,75511],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,75500,3366],{"class":66},[56,75502,36354],{"class":79},[56,75504,1080],{"class":66},[56,75506,50363],{"class":79},[56,75508,1080],{"class":66},[56,75510,4553],{"class":79},[56,75512,3093],{"class":66},[56,75514,75515,75517,75519,75521,75523,75525,75527,75529,75531,75533,75535],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,75516,3366],{"class":66},[56,75518,406],{"class":79},[56,75520,1080],{"class":66},[56,75522,7272],{"class":79},[56,75524,1080],{"class":66},[56,75526,7277],{"class":79},[56,75528,1080],{"class":66},[56,75530,50363],{"class":79},[56,75532,1080],{"class":66},[56,75534,4553],{"class":79},[56,75536,3093],{"class":66},[42,75538,75540],{"id":75539},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[14,75542,75543],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[26,75545,75546,75555,75564,75575,75581],{},[29,75547,75548,75551,75552,5442],{},[18,75549,75550],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[18,75553,75554],{},"n",[29,75556,75557,75560,75561,75563],{},[18,75558,75559],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[18,75562,75554],{}," to the end",[29,75565,75566,75569,75570,75572,75573],{},[18,75567,75568],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[18,75571,372],{}," up to ",[18,75574,4232],{},[29,75576,75577,75580],{},[18,75578,75579],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[29,75582,75583,75586],{},[18,75584,75585],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[14,75588,274],{},[47,75590,75592],{"className":49,"code":75591,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[18,75593,75594,75627,75631,75648,75665,75686,75703],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75595,75596,75598,75600,75602,75604,75606,75608,75610,75612,75614,75616,75618,75620,75622,75625],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75597,3075],{"class":284},[56,75599,288],{"class":75},[56,75601,3080],{"class":66},[56,75603,406],{"class":79},[56,75605,1080],{"class":66},[56,75607,7272],{"class":79},[56,75609,1080],{"class":66},[56,75611,7277],{"class":79},[56,75613,1080],{"class":66},[56,75615,50363],{"class":79},[56,75617,1080],{"class":66},[56,75619,4553],{"class":79},[56,75621,1080],{"class":66},[56,75623,75624],{"class":79}," 60",[56,75626,3093],{"class":66},[56,75628,75629],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,75630,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,75632,75633,75635,75637,75639,75641,75643,75645],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,75634,63],{"class":62},[56,75636,67],{"class":66},[56,75638,3107],{"class":237},[56,75640,75059],{"class":66},[56,75642,121],{"class":79},[56,75644,19948],{"class":66},[56,75646,75647],{"class":3123},"    # first 3 items\n",[56,75649,75650,75652,75654,75656,75658,75660,75662],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,75651,63],{"class":62},[56,75653,67],{"class":66},[56,75655,3107],{"class":237},[56,75657,3366],{"class":66},[56,75659,121],{"class":79},[56,75661,75437],{"class":66},[56,75663,75664],{"class":3123},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[56,75666,75667,75669,75671,75673,75675,75677,75679,75681,75683],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,75668,63],{"class":62},[56,75670,67],{"class":66},[56,75672,3107],{"class":237},[56,75674,3366],{"class":66},[56,75676,1077],{"class":79},[56,75678,971],{"class":66},[56,75680,198],{"class":79},[56,75682,19948],{"class":66},[56,75684,75685],{"class":3123},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[56,75687,75688,75690,75692,75694,75696,75698,75700],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,75689,63],{"class":62},[56,75691,67],{"class":66},[56,75693,3107],{"class":237},[56,75695,73646],{"class":66},[56,75697,115],{"class":79},[56,75699,19948],{"class":66},[56,75701,75702],{"class":3123},"   # every second item\n",[56,75704,75705,75707,75709,75711,75713,75715,75717,75719],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,75706,63],{"class":62},[56,75708,67],{"class":66},[56,75710,3107],{"class":237},[56,75712,73646],{"class":66},[56,75714,76],{"class":75},[56,75716,1077],{"class":79},[56,75718,19948],{"class":66},[56,75720,75721],{"class":3123},"  # reversed copy\n",[14,75723,130],{},[47,75725,75727],{"className":49,"code":75726,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[18,75728,75729,75745,75761,75781,75797],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75730,75731,75733,75735,75737,75739,75741,75743],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75732,3366],{"class":66},[56,75734,406],{"class":79},[56,75736,1080],{"class":66},[56,75738,7272],{"class":79},[56,75740,1080],{"class":66},[56,75742,7277],{"class":79},[56,75744,3093],{"class":66},[56,75746,75747,75749,75751,75753,75755,75757,75759],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,75748,3366],{"class":66},[56,75750,56214],{"class":79},[56,75752,1080],{"class":66},[56,75754,4553],{"class":79},[56,75756,1080],{"class":66},[56,75758,75624],{"class":79},[56,75760,3093],{"class":66},[56,75762,75763,75765,75767,75769,75771,75773,75775,75777,75779],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,75764,3366],{"class":66},[56,75766,15253],{"class":79},[56,75768,1080],{"class":66},[56,75770,7277],{"class":79},[56,75772,1080],{"class":66},[56,75774,50363],{"class":79},[56,75776,1080],{"class":66},[56,75778,4553],{"class":79},[56,75780,3093],{"class":66},[56,75782,75783,75785,75787,75789,75791,75793,75795],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,75784,3366],{"class":66},[56,75786,406],{"class":79},[56,75788,1080],{"class":66},[56,75790,7277],{"class":79},[56,75792,1080],{"class":66},[56,75794,4553],{"class":79},[56,75796,3093],{"class":66},[56,75798,75799,75801,75804,75806,75808,75810,75812,75814,75816,75818,75820,75822,75824],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,75800,3366],{"class":66},[56,75802,75803],{"class":79},"60",[56,75805,1080],{"class":66},[56,75807,4553],{"class":79},[56,75809,1080],{"class":66},[56,75811,50363],{"class":79},[56,75813,1080],{"class":66},[56,75815,7277],{"class":79},[56,75817,1080],{"class":66},[56,75819,7272],{"class":79},[56,75821,1080],{"class":66},[56,75823,5481],{"class":79},[56,75825,3093],{"class":66},[14,75827,75828,75829,497],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[372,75830,14386],{"href":56741},[42,75832,75834],{"id":75833},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[14,75836,75837],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[14,75839,4947],{},[26,75841,75842,75848],{},[29,75843,75844,75847],{},[18,75845,75846],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[29,75849,75850,75853],{},[18,75851,75852],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[14,75855,75856],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[47,75858,75860],{"className":49,"code":75859,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[18,75861,75862,75910,75914,75933,75952],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75863,75864,75866,75868,75870,75872,75874,75876,75878,75880,75882,75884,75886,75888,75890,75892,75894,75896,75898,75900,75902,75904,75906,75908],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75865,35602],{"class":284},[56,75867,288],{"class":75},[56,75869,3080],{"class":66},[56,75871,938],{"class":937},[56,75873,372],{"class":941},[56,75875,938],{"class":937},[56,75877,1080],{"class":66},[56,75879,1448],{"class":937},[56,75881,4232],{"class":941},[56,75883,938],{"class":937},[56,75885,1080],{"class":66},[56,75887,1448],{"class":937},[56,75889,9228],{"class":941},[56,75891,938],{"class":937},[56,75893,1080],{"class":66},[56,75895,1448],{"class":937},[56,75897,18269],{"class":941},[56,75899,938],{"class":937},[56,75901,1080],{"class":66},[56,75903,1448],{"class":937},[56,75905,59970],{"class":941},[56,75907,938],{"class":937},[56,75909,3093],{"class":66},[56,75911,75912],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,75913,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,75915,75916,75918,75920,75922,75924,75926,75928,75930],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,75917,63],{"class":62},[56,75919,67],{"class":66},[56,75921,35655],{"class":237},[56,75923,3366],{"class":66},[56,75925,76],{"class":75},[56,75927,1077],{"class":79},[56,75929,19948],{"class":66},[56,75931,75932],{"class":3123},"    # last item\n",[56,75934,75935,75937,75939,75941,75943,75945,75947,75949],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,75936,63],{"class":62},[56,75938,67],{"class":66},[56,75940,35655],{"class":237},[56,75942,3366],{"class":66},[56,75944,76],{"class":75},[56,75946,121],{"class":79},[56,75948,75437],{"class":66},[56,75950,75951],{"class":3123},"   # last 3 items\n",[56,75953,75954,75956,75958,75960,75962,75964,75966,75968],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,75955,63],{"class":62},[56,75957,67],{"class":66},[56,75959,35655],{"class":237},[56,75961,75059],{"class":66},[56,75963,76],{"class":75},[56,75965,1077],{"class":79},[56,75967,19948],{"class":66},[56,75969,75970],{"class":3123},"   # everything except the last item\n",[14,75972,130],{},[47,75974,75976],{"className":49,"code":75975,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[18,75977,75978,75983,76011],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,75979,75980],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,75981,75982],{"class":284},"e\n",[56,75984,75985,75987,75989,75991,75993,75995,75997,75999,76001,76003,76005,76007,76009],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,75986,3366],{"class":66},[56,75988,1394],{"class":937},[56,75990,9228],{"class":941},[56,75992,1394],{"class":937},[56,75994,1080],{"class":66},[56,75996,1389],{"class":937},[56,75998,18269],{"class":941},[56,76000,1394],{"class":937},[56,76002,1080],{"class":66},[56,76004,1389],{"class":937},[56,76006,59970],{"class":941},[56,76008,1394],{"class":937},[56,76010,3093],{"class":66},[56,76012,76013,76015,76017,76019,76021,76023,76025,76027,76029,76031,76033,76035,76037,76039,76041,76043,76045],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,76014,3366],{"class":66},[56,76016,1394],{"class":937},[56,76018,372],{"class":941},[56,76020,1394],{"class":937},[56,76022,1080],{"class":66},[56,76024,1389],{"class":937},[56,76026,4232],{"class":941},[56,76028,1394],{"class":937},[56,76030,1080],{"class":66},[56,76032,1389],{"class":937},[56,76034,9228],{"class":941},[56,76036,1394],{"class":937},[56,76038,1080],{"class":66},[56,76040,1389],{"class":937},[56,76042,18269],{"class":941},[56,76044,1394],{"class":937},[56,76046,3093],{"class":66},[14,76048,12548],{},[26,76050,76051,76054,76058,76064,76070],{},[29,76052,76053],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[29,76055,76056,75847],{},[18,76057,75846],{},[29,76059,76060,76063],{},[18,76061,76062],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[29,76065,76066,76069],{},[18,76067,76068],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[29,76071,76072,76073,3862,76075],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[18,76074,35584],{},[18,76076,74950],{},[42,76078,76080],{"id":76079},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[14,76082,16,76083,76085],{},[18,76084,74953],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[26,76087,76088,76091,76094,76099,76109],{},[29,76089,76090],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[29,76092,76093],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[29,76095,76096,76098],{},[18,76097,75585],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[29,76100,8362,76101,76103,76104,76106,76107],{},[18,76102,74953],{}," is negative, ",[18,76105,35584],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[18,76108,74950],{},[29,76110,76111,76113,76114],{},[18,76112,74953],{}," cannot be ",[18,76115,181],{},[14,76117,76118],{},"Example with different step values:",[47,76120,76122],{"className":49,"code":76121,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[18,76123,76124,76156,76160,76177,76199,76218],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76125,76126,76128,76130,76132,76134,76136,76138,76140,76142,76144,76146,76148,76150,76152,76154],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76127,3075],{"class":284},[56,76129,288],{"class":75},[56,76131,3080],{"class":66},[56,76133,406],{"class":79},[56,76135,1080],{"class":66},[56,76137,7272],{"class":79},[56,76139,1080],{"class":66},[56,76141,7277],{"class":79},[56,76143,1080],{"class":66},[56,76145,50363],{"class":79},[56,76147,1080],{"class":66},[56,76149,4553],{"class":79},[56,76151,1080],{"class":66},[56,76153,75624],{"class":79},[56,76155,3093],{"class":66},[56,76157,76158],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,76159,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,76161,76162,76164,76166,76168,76170,76172,76174],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,76163,63],{"class":62},[56,76165,67],{"class":66},[56,76167,3107],{"class":237},[56,76169,73646],{"class":66},[56,76171,115],{"class":79},[56,76173,19948],{"class":66},[56,76175,76176],{"class":3123},"     # every second item\n",[56,76178,76179,76181,76183,76185,76187,76189,76192,76194,76196],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,76180,63],{"class":62},[56,76182,67],{"class":66},[56,76184,3107],{"class":237},[56,76186,3366],{"class":66},[56,76188,1077],{"class":79},[56,76190,76191],{"class":66},"::",[56,76193,115],{"class":79},[56,76195,19948],{"class":66},[56,76197,76198],{"class":3123},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[56,76200,76201,76203,76205,76207,76209,76211,76213,76215],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,76202,63],{"class":62},[56,76204,67],{"class":66},[56,76206,3107],{"class":237},[56,76208,73646],{"class":66},[56,76210,76],{"class":75},[56,76212,1077],{"class":79},[56,76214,19948],{"class":66},[56,76216,76217],{"class":3123},"    # reverse the list\n",[56,76219,76220,76222,76224,76226,76228,76230,76232,76234,76236,76238,76240,76242],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,76221,63],{"class":62},[56,76223,67],{"class":66},[56,76225,3107],{"class":237},[56,76227,3366],{"class":66},[56,76229,584],{"class":79},[56,76231,971],{"class":66},[56,76233,1077],{"class":79},[56,76235,971],{"class":66},[56,76237,76],{"class":75},[56,76239,1077],{"class":79},[56,76241,19948],{"class":66},[56,76243,76244],{"class":3123},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[14,76246,130],{},[47,76248,76250],{"className":49,"code":76249,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[18,76251,76252,76268,76284,76312],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76253,76254,76256,76258,76260,76262,76264,76266],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76255,3366],{"class":66},[56,76257,406],{"class":79},[56,76259,1080],{"class":66},[56,76261,7277],{"class":79},[56,76263,1080],{"class":66},[56,76265,4553],{"class":79},[56,76267,3093],{"class":66},[56,76269,76270,76272,76274,76276,76278,76280,76282],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,76271,3366],{"class":66},[56,76273,15253],{"class":79},[56,76275,1080],{"class":66},[56,76277,50363],{"class":79},[56,76279,1080],{"class":66},[56,76281,75624],{"class":79},[56,76283,3093],{"class":66},[56,76285,76286,76288,76290,76292,76294,76296,76298,76300,76302,76304,76306,76308,76310],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,76287,3366],{"class":66},[56,76289,75803],{"class":79},[56,76291,1080],{"class":66},[56,76293,4553],{"class":79},[56,76295,1080],{"class":66},[56,76297,50363],{"class":79},[56,76299,1080],{"class":66},[56,76301,7277],{"class":79},[56,76303,1080],{"class":66},[56,76305,7272],{"class":79},[56,76307,1080],{"class":66},[56,76309,5481],{"class":79},[56,76311,3093],{"class":66},[56,76313,76314,76316,76319,76321,76323,76325,76327],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,76315,3366],{"class":66},[56,76317,76318],{"class":79},"50",[56,76320,1080],{"class":66},[56,76322,50363],{"class":79},[56,76324,1080],{"class":66},[56,76326,7277],{"class":79},[56,76328,3093],{"class":66},[14,76330,76331,76332,497],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[372,76333,76334],{"href":74330},"how to reverse a list in Python",[615,76336,76338],{"id":76337},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[14,76340,919],{},[47,76342,76344],{"className":49,"code":76343,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[18,76345,76346,76366],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76347,76348,76350,76352,76354,76356,76358,76360,76362,76364],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76349,3075],{"class":284},[56,76351,288],{"class":75},[56,76353,3080],{"class":66},[56,76355,1077],{"class":79},[56,76357,1080],{"class":66},[56,76359,1083],{"class":79},[56,76361,1080],{"class":66},[56,76363,529],{"class":79},[56,76365,3093],{"class":66},[56,76367,76368,76370,76372,76374,76376,76378],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,76369,63],{"class":62},[56,76371,67],{"class":66},[56,76373,3107],{"class":237},[56,76375,73646],{"class":66},[56,76377,181],{"class":79},[56,76379,3354],{"class":66},[14,76381,76382,76383,76385,76386,76388],{},"Python raises a ",[18,76384,40219],{}," because a slice step of ",[18,76387,181],{}," does not make sense.",[42,76390,76392],{"id":76391},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[14,76394,76395],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[615,76397,76399],{"id":76398},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[47,76401,76403],{"className":49,"code":76402,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,76404,76405,76429,76433],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76406,76407,76409,76411,76413,76415,76417,76419,76421,76423,76425,76427],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76408,3075],{"class":284},[56,76410,288],{"class":75},[56,76412,3080],{"class":66},[56,76414,406],{"class":79},[56,76416,1080],{"class":66},[56,76418,7272],{"class":79},[56,76420,1080],{"class":66},[56,76422,7277],{"class":79},[56,76424,1080],{"class":66},[56,76426,50363],{"class":79},[56,76428,3093],{"class":66},[56,76430,76431],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,76432,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,76434,76435,76437,76439,76441,76443,76445],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,76436,63],{"class":62},[56,76438,67],{"class":66},[56,76440,3107],{"class":237},[56,76442,3366],{"class":66},[56,76444,115],{"class":79},[56,76446,3354],{"class":66},[14,76448,130],{},[47,76450,76451],{"className":49,"code":69364,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,76452,76453],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76454,76455],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76456,69364],{"class":79},[615,76458,76460],{"id":76459},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[47,76462,76464],{"className":49,"code":76463,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[18,76465,76466,76490,76494],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76467,76468,76470,76472,76474,76476,76478,76480,76482,76484,76486,76488],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76469,3075],{"class":284},[56,76471,288],{"class":75},[56,76473,3080],{"class":66},[56,76475,406],{"class":79},[56,76477,1080],{"class":66},[56,76479,7272],{"class":79},[56,76481,1080],{"class":66},[56,76483,7277],{"class":79},[56,76485,1080],{"class":66},[56,76487,50363],{"class":79},[56,76489,3093],{"class":66},[56,76491,76492],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,76493,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,76495,76496,76498,76500,76502,76504,76506,76508,76510],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,76497,63],{"class":62},[56,76499,67],{"class":66},[56,76501,3107],{"class":237},[56,76503,3366],{"class":66},[56,76505,115],{"class":79},[56,76507,971],{"class":66},[56,76509,121],{"class":79},[56,76511,3354],{"class":66},[14,76513,130],{},[47,76515,76517],{"className":49,"code":76516,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[30]\n",[18,76518,76519],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76520,76521,76523,76525],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76522,3366],{"class":66},[56,76524,36354],{"class":79},[56,76526,3093],{"class":66},[14,76528,13260],{},[26,76530,76531,76537],{},[29,76532,76533,76536],{},[18,76534,76535],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[29,76538,76539,76542],{},[18,76540,76541],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[14,76544,76545],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[26,76547,76548,76551],{},[29,76549,76550],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[29,76552,76553],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[14,76555,274],{},[47,76557,76559],{"className":49,"code":76558,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[18,76560,76561,76581,76585],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76562,76563,76565,76567,76569,76571,76573,76575,76577,76579],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76564,3075],{"class":284},[56,76566,288],{"class":75},[56,76568,3080],{"class":66},[56,76570,406],{"class":79},[56,76572,1080],{"class":66},[56,76574,7272],{"class":79},[56,76576,1080],{"class":66},[56,76578,7277],{"class":79},[56,76580,3093],{"class":66},[56,76582,76583],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,76584,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,76586,76587,76589,76591,76593,76595,76597,76599,76601],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,76588,63],{"class":62},[56,76590,67],{"class":66},[56,76592,3107],{"class":237},[56,76594,3366],{"class":66},[56,76596,198],{"class":79},[56,76598,971],{"class":66},[56,76600,406],{"class":79},[56,76602,3354],{"class":66},[14,76604,130],{},[47,76606,76607],{"className":49,"code":37811,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,76608,76609],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76610,76611],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76612,37811],{"class":66},[14,76614,76615],{},"But this would raise an error:",[47,76617,76619],{"className":49,"code":76618,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[18,76620,76621,76641,76645],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76622,76623,76625,76627,76629,76631,76633,76635,76637,76639],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76624,3075],{"class":284},[56,76626,288],{"class":75},[56,76628,3080],{"class":66},[56,76630,406],{"class":79},[56,76632,1080],{"class":66},[56,76634,7272],{"class":79},[56,76636,1080],{"class":66},[56,76638,7277],{"class":79},[56,76640,3093],{"class":66},[56,76642,76643],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,76644,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,76646,76647,76649,76651,76653,76655,76657],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,76648,63],{"class":62},[56,76650,67],{"class":66},[56,76652,3107],{"class":237},[56,76654,3366],{"class":66},[56,76656,198],{"class":79},[56,76658,3354],{"class":66},[14,76660,76661,76662,497],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[372,76663,68783],{"href":68782},[42,76665,14675],{"id":76666},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[14,76668,76669],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[26,76671,76672,76676,76678,76681,76687],{},[29,76673,4175,76674,75265],{},[18,76675,74950],{},[29,76677,60215],{},[29,76679,76680],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[29,76682,36717,76683,8191,76685],{},[18,76684,75585],{},[18,76686,73050],{},[29,76688,76689,76690,76692],{},"Using step ",[18,76691,181],{},", which causes an error",[615,76694,76696],{"id":76695},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[47,76698,76700],{"className":49,"code":76699,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[18,76701,76702,76730],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76703,76704,76706,76708,76710,76712,76714,76716,76718,76720,76722,76724,76726,76728],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76705,3075],{"class":284},[56,76707,288],{"class":75},[56,76709,3080],{"class":66},[56,76711,406],{"class":79},[56,76713,1080],{"class":66},[56,76715,7272],{"class":79},[56,76717,1080],{"class":66},[56,76719,7277],{"class":79},[56,76721,1080],{"class":66},[56,76723,50363],{"class":79},[56,76725,1080],{"class":66},[56,76727,4553],{"class":79},[56,76729,3093],{"class":66},[56,76731,76732,76734,76736,76738,76740,76742,76744,76746],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,76733,63],{"class":62},[56,76735,67],{"class":66},[56,76737,3107],{"class":237},[56,76739,3366],{"class":66},[56,76741,1077],{"class":79},[56,76743,971],{"class":66},[56,76745,584],{"class":79},[56,76747,3354],{"class":66},[14,76749,76750],{},"This returns:",[47,76752,76754],{"className":49,"code":76753,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[18,76755,76756],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76757,76758,76760,76762,76764,76766,76768,76770],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76759,3366],{"class":66},[56,76761,15253],{"class":79},[56,76763,1080],{"class":66},[56,76765,7277],{"class":79},[56,76767,1080],{"class":66},[56,76769,50363],{"class":79},[56,76771,3093],{"class":66},[14,76773,40421,76774,76776,76777,76779,76780,497],{},[3205,76775,4101],{}," include ",[18,76778,76318],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[18,76781,584],{},[615,76783,76785],{"id":76784},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[14,76787,16143],{},[47,76789,76791],{"className":49,"code":76790,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[18,76792,76793,76813],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76794,76795,76797,76799,76801,76803,76805,76807,76809,76811],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76796,3075],{"class":284},[56,76798,288],{"class":75},[56,76800,3080],{"class":66},[56,76802,406],{"class":79},[56,76804,1080],{"class":66},[56,76806,7272],{"class":79},[56,76808,1080],{"class":66},[56,76810,7277],{"class":79},[56,76812,3093],{"class":66},[56,76814,76815],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,76816,76817],{"class":3123},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[14,76819,76820],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[47,76822,76824],{"className":49,"code":76823,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[18,76825,76826],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76827,76828,76830,76832,76834,76836,76838,76840,76842],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76829,63],{"class":62},[56,76831,67],{"class":66},[56,76833,3107],{"class":237},[56,76835,3366],{"class":66},[56,76837,1077],{"class":79},[56,76839,971],{"class":66},[56,76841,121],{"class":79},[56,76843,3354],{"class":66},[615,76845,76847],{"id":76846},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[14,76849,76850],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[47,76852,76854],{"className":49,"code":76853,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,76855,76856,76880,76894,76898,76908],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76857,76858,76860,76862,76864,76866,76868,76870,76872,76874,76876,76878],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76859,3075],{"class":284},[56,76861,288],{"class":75},[56,76863,3080],{"class":66},[56,76865,406],{"class":79},[56,76867,1080],{"class":66},[56,76869,7272],{"class":79},[56,76871,1080],{"class":66},[56,76873,7277],{"class":79},[56,76875,1080],{"class":66},[56,76877,50363],{"class":79},[56,76879,3093],{"class":66},[56,76881,76882,76884,76886,76888,76890,76892],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,76883,75183],{"class":284},[56,76885,288],{"class":75},[56,76887,3731],{"class":284},[56,76889,75059],{"class":66},[56,76891,115],{"class":79},[56,76893,3093],{"class":66},[56,76895,76896],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,76897,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,76899,76900,76902,76904,76906],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,76901,63],{"class":62},[56,76903,67],{"class":66},[56,76905,75206],{"class":237},[56,76907,241],{"class":66},[56,76909,76910,76912,76914,76916],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,76911,63],{"class":62},[56,76913,67],{"class":66},[56,76915,3107],{"class":237},[56,76917,241],{"class":66},[14,76919,130],{},[47,76921,76923],{"className":49,"code":76922,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[18,76924,76925,76937],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76926,76927,76929,76931,76933,76935],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76928,3366],{"class":66},[56,76930,406],{"class":79},[56,76932,1080],{"class":66},[56,76934,7272],{"class":79},[56,76936,3093],{"class":66},[56,76938,76939,76941,76943,76945,76947,76949,76951,76953,76955],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,76940,3366],{"class":66},[56,76942,406],{"class":79},[56,76944,1080],{"class":66},[56,76946,7272],{"class":79},[56,76948,1080],{"class":66},[56,76950,7277],{"class":79},[56,76952,1080],{"class":66},[56,76954,50363],{"class":79},[56,76956,3093],{"class":66},[14,76958,76959],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[615,76961,76963,76964,8191,76966],{"id":76962},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[18,76965,75585],{},[18,76967,73050],{},[47,76969,76971],{"className":49,"code":76970,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,76972,76973,76993,76997,77014,77025],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,76974,76975,76977,76979,76981,76983,76985,76987,76989,76991],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,76976,3075],{"class":284},[56,76978,288],{"class":75},[56,76980,3080],{"class":66},[56,76982,406],{"class":79},[56,76984,1080],{"class":66},[56,76986,7272],{"class":79},[56,76988,1080],{"class":66},[56,76990,7277],{"class":79},[56,76992,3093],{"class":66},[56,76994,76995],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,76996,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,76998,76999,77002,77004,77006,77008,77010,77012],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,77000,77001],{"class":284},"reversed_copy ",[56,77003,288],{"class":75},[56,77005,3731],{"class":284},[56,77007,73646],{"class":66},[56,77009,76],{"class":75},[56,77011,1077],{"class":79},[56,77013,3093],{"class":66},[56,77015,77016,77018,77020,77023],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,77017,63],{"class":62},[56,77019,67],{"class":66},[56,77021,77022],{"class":237},"reversed_copy",[56,77024,241],{"class":66},[56,77026,77027,77029,77031,77033],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,77028,63],{"class":62},[56,77030,67],{"class":66},[56,77032,3107],{"class":237},[56,77034,241],{"class":66},[14,77036,130],{},[47,77038,77040],{"className":49,"code":77039,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[18,77041,77042,77058],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77043,77044,77046,77048,77050,77052,77054,77056],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77045,3366],{"class":66},[56,77047,36354],{"class":79},[56,77049,1080],{"class":66},[56,77051,7272],{"class":79},[56,77053,1080],{"class":66},[56,77055,5481],{"class":79},[56,77057,3093],{"class":66},[56,77059,77060,77062,77064,77066,77068,77070,77072],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,77061,3366],{"class":66},[56,77063,406],{"class":79},[56,77065,1080],{"class":66},[56,77067,7272],{"class":79},[56,77069,1080],{"class":66},[56,77071,7277],{"class":79},[56,77073,3093],{"class":66},[14,77075,77076,77079],{},[18,77077,77078],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[14,77081,77082,77083,77086],{},"By contrast, ",[18,77084,77085],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[615,77088,77090],{"id":77089},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[14,77092,77093],{},"This is not allowed:",[47,77095,77097],{"className":49,"code":77096,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[18,77098,77099,77119],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77100,77101,77103,77105,77107,77109,77111,77113,77115,77117],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77102,3075],{"class":284},[56,77104,288],{"class":75},[56,77106,3080],{"class":66},[56,77108,406],{"class":79},[56,77110,1080],{"class":66},[56,77112,7272],{"class":79},[56,77114,1080],{"class":66},[56,77116,7277],{"class":79},[56,77118,3093],{"class":66},[56,77120,77121],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,77122,77123],{"class":3123},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[14,77125,77126,77127,497],{},"Python will raise a ",[18,77128,40219],{},[42,77130,77132],{"id":77131},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[14,77134,77135],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[26,77137,77138,77145,77151,77154,77157],{},[29,77139,36717,77140,3862,77142,77144],{},[18,77141,35584],{},[18,77143,74950],{}," positions",[29,77146,77147,77148,77150],{},"Assuming the ",[18,77149,74950],{}," index is included",[29,77152,77153],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[29,77155,77156],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[29,77158,77159],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[14,77161,77162],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[47,77164,77166],{"className":49,"code":77165,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[18,77167,77168,77178,77192,77210,77224,77241],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77169,77170,77172,77174,77176],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77171,63],{"class":62},[56,77173,67],{"class":66},[56,77175,7823],{"class":237},[56,77177,241],{"class":66},[56,77179,77180,77182,77184,77186,77188,77190],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,77181,63],{"class":62},[56,77183,67],{"class":66},[56,77185,10653],{"class":62},[56,77187,67],{"class":66},[56,77189,7823],{"class":237},[56,77191,83],{"class":66},[56,77193,77194,77196,77198,77200,77202,77204,77206,77208],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,77195,63],{"class":62},[56,77197,67],{"class":66},[56,77199,7823],{"class":237},[56,77201,3366],{"class":66},[56,77203,1077],{"class":79},[56,77205,971],{"class":66},[56,77207,584],{"class":79},[56,77209,3354],{"class":66},[56,77211,77212,77214,77216,77218,77220,77222],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,77213,63],{"class":62},[56,77215,67],{"class":66},[56,77217,7823],{"class":237},[56,77219,75059],{"class":66},[56,77221,121],{"class":79},[56,77223,3354],{"class":66},[56,77225,77226,77228,77230,77232,77234,77236,77238],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,77227,63],{"class":62},[56,77229,67],{"class":66},[56,77231,7823],{"class":237},[56,77233,3366],{"class":66},[56,77235,76],{"class":75},[56,77237,121],{"class":79},[56,77239,77240],{"class":66},":])\n",[56,77242,77243,77245,77247,77249,77251,77253,77255],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,77244,63],{"class":62},[56,77246,67],{"class":66},[56,77248,7823],{"class":237},[56,77250,73646],{"class":66},[56,77252,76],{"class":75},[56,77254,1077],{"class":79},[56,77256,3354],{"class":66},[14,77258,7902,77259,77261,77262,77266],{},[18,77260,41877],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[372,77263,77265],{"href":77264},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[42,77268,1553],{"id":1552},[615,77270,77272],{"id":77271},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[14,77274,77275],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[615,77277,77279],{"id":77278},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[14,77281,77282],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[615,77284,4615,77286,39475],{"id":77285},"what-does-list-1-do",[18,77287,75585],{},[14,77289,77290],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[615,77292,77294,77295,571],{"id":77293},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[18,77296,70255],{},[14,77298,77299],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[42,77301,1601],{"id":1600},[26,77303,77304,77309,77314,77318,77322,77326],{},[29,77305,77306],{},[372,77307,77308],{"href":50499},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[29,77310,77311],{},[372,77312,77313],{"href":56675},"How to create a list in Python",[29,77315,77316],{},[372,77317,14463],{"href":56741},[29,77319,77320],{},[372,77321,74331],{"href":74330},[29,77323,77324],{},[372,77325,77265],{"href":77264},[29,77327,77328],{},[372,77329,68783],{"href":68782},[14,77331,77332,77333,77335],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[18,77334,41877],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1633,77337,77338],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":77340},[77341,77342,77343,77344,77345,77346,77349,77353,77361,77362,77370],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":75114,"depth":86,"text":75115},{"id":75277,"depth":86,"text":75278},{"id":75539,"depth":86,"text":75540},{"id":75833,"depth":86,"text":75834},{"id":76079,"depth":86,"text":76080,"children":77347},[77348],{"id":76337,"depth":102,"text":76338},{"id":76391,"depth":86,"text":76392,"children":77350},[77351,77352],{"id":76398,"depth":102,"text":76399},{"id":76459,"depth":102,"text":76460},{"id":76666,"depth":86,"text":14675,"children":77354},[77355,77356,77357,77358,77360],{"id":76695,"depth":102,"text":76696},{"id":76784,"depth":102,"text":76785},{"id":76846,"depth":102,"text":76847},{"id":76962,"depth":102,"text":77359},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77089,"depth":102,"text":77090},{"id":77131,"depth":86,"text":77132},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":77363},[77364,77365,77366,77368],{"id":77271,"depth":102,"text":77272},{"id":77278,"depth":102,"text":77279},{"id":77285,"depth":102,"text":77367},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77293,"depth":102,"text":77369},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":74937,"description":77371},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77378,"title":77379,"body":77380,"description":79449,"extension":1665,"meta":79450,"navigation":316,"path":79451,"seo":79452,"stem":79453,"__hash__":79454},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77381,"toc":79415},[77382,77387,77393,77399,77401,77448,77455,77460,77464,77479,77482,77535,77537,77562,77567,77569,77601,77604,77620,77622,77683,77685,77710,77714,77719,77772,77774,77799,77804,77865,77867,77892,77895,77902,77906,77909,77970,77972,78005,78008,78069,78071,78104,78110,78183,78185,78217,78224,78229,78234,78236,78248,78251,78329,78331,78372,78375,78449,78451,78484,78489,78496,78503,78507,78516,78520,78528,78530,78597,78599,78635,78640,78651,78653,78658,78663,78665,78728,78730,78755,78762,78767,78771,78774,78814,78819,78825,78830,78832,78859,78864,78867,78914,78916,78973,78980,78985,78991,79060,79064,79067,79130,79132,79165,79170,79172,79175,79256,79258,79282,79288,79290,79295,79299,79306,79314,79318,79320,79343,79347,79349,79376,79379,79386,79389,79391,79412],[10,77383,53863,77385,10814],{"id":77384},"python-list-sort-method",[18,77386,63835],{},[14,77388,77389,77392],{},[18,77390,77391],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[14,77394,77395,77396,77398],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[18,77397,63835],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[42,77400,45],{"id":44},[47,77402,77404],{"className":49,"code":77403,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,77405,77406,77426,77436],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77407,77408,77410,77412,77414,77416,77418,77420,77422,77424],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77409,3075],{"class":284},[56,77411,288],{"class":75},[56,77413,3080],{"class":66},[56,77415,121],{"class":79},[56,77417,1080],{"class":66},[56,77419,4973],{"class":79},[56,77421,1080],{"class":66},[56,77423,1083],{"class":79},[56,77425,3093],{"class":66},[56,77427,77428,77430,77432,77434],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,77429,3107],{"class":284},[56,77431,497],{"class":66},[56,77433,34309],{"class":237},[56,77435,8129],{"class":66},[56,77437,77438,77440,77442,77444,77446],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,77439,63],{"class":62},[56,77441,67],{"class":66},[56,77443,3107],{"class":237},[56,77445,3120],{"class":66},[56,77447,54453],{"class":3123},[14,77449,153,77450,77452,77453,497],{},[18,77451,77391],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[18,77454,3241],{},[42,77456,3138,77458,3141],{"id":77457},"what-listsort-does",[18,77459,77391],{},[14,77461,77462,971],{},[18,77463,77391],{},[26,77465,77466,77469,77472,77476],{},[29,77467,77468],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[29,77470,77471],{},"Changes the original list",[29,77473,10916,77474],{},[18,77475,3241],{},[29,77477,77478],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[14,77480,77481],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[47,77483,77485],{"className":49,"code":77484,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77486,77487,77511,77521,77525],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77488,77489,77491,77493,77495,77497,77499,77501,77503,77505,77507,77509],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77490,3075],{"class":284},[56,77492,288],{"class":75},[56,77494,3080],{"class":66},[56,77496,198],{"class":79},[56,77498,1080],{"class":66},[56,77500,1083],{"class":79},[56,77502,1080],{"class":66},[56,77504,53657],{"class":79},[56,77506,1080],{"class":66},[56,77508,4973],{"class":79},[56,77510,3093],{"class":66},[56,77512,77513,77515,77517,77519],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,77514,3107],{"class":284},[56,77516,497],{"class":66},[56,77518,34309],{"class":237},[56,77520,8129],{"class":66},[56,77522,77523],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,77524,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,77526,77527,77529,77531,77533],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,77528,63],{"class":62},[56,77530,67],{"class":66},[56,77532,3107],{"class":237},[56,77534,241],{"class":66},[14,77536,130],{},[47,77538,77540],{"className":49,"code":77539,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[18,77541,77542],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77543,77544,77546,77548,77550,77552,77554,77556,77558,77560],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77545,3366],{"class":66},[56,77547,1077],{"class":79},[56,77549,1080],{"class":66},[56,77551,1083],{"class":79},[56,77553,1080],{"class":66},[56,77555,4075],{"class":79},[56,77557,1080],{"class":66},[56,77559,53657],{"class":79},[56,77561,3093],{"class":66},[14,77563,77564,77565,497],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[372,77566,66601],{"href":50499},[42,77568,220],{"id":219},[47,77570,77572],{"className":49,"code":77571,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[18,77573,77574],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77575,77576,77578,77580,77582,77584,77586,77588,77590,77592,77595,77597,77599],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77577,7823],{"class":284},[56,77579,497],{"class":66},[56,77581,34309],{"class":237},[56,77583,67],{"class":66},[56,77585,14339],{"class":8663},[56,77587,288],{"class":75},[56,77589,3241],{"class":3316},[56,77591,1080],{"class":66},[56,77593,77594],{"class":8663}," reverse",[56,77596,288],{"class":75},[56,77598,3134],{"class":3316},[56,77600,241],{"class":66},[14,77602,77603],{},"Main arguments:",[26,77605,77606,77611,77617],{},[29,77607,77608,77610],{},[18,77609,14339],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[29,77612,77613,77616],{},[18,77614,77615],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[29,77618,77619],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[14,77621,274],{},[47,77623,77625],{"className":49,"code":77624,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77626,77627,77651,77669,77673],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77628,77629,77631,77633,77635,77637,77639,77641,77643,77645,77647,77649],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77630,3075],{"class":284},[56,77632,288],{"class":75},[56,77634,3080],{"class":66},[56,77636,584],{"class":79},[56,77638,1080],{"class":66},[56,77640,4973],{"class":79},[56,77642,1080],{"class":66},[56,77644,5470],{"class":79},[56,77646,1080],{"class":66},[56,77648,1083],{"class":79},[56,77650,3093],{"class":66},[56,77652,77653,77655,77657,77659,77661,77663,77665,77667],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,77654,3107],{"class":284},[56,77656,497],{"class":66},[56,77658,34309],{"class":237},[56,77660,67],{"class":66},[56,77662,73101],{"class":8663},[56,77664,288],{"class":75},[56,77666,3060],{"class":3316},[56,77668,241],{"class":66},[56,77670,77671],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,77672,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,77674,77675,77677,77679,77681],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,77676,63],{"class":62},[56,77678,67],{"class":66},[56,77680,3107],{"class":237},[56,77682,241],{"class":66},[14,77684,130],{},[47,77686,77688],{"className":49,"code":77687,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[18,77689,77690],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77691,77692,77694,77696,77698,77700,77702,77704,77706,77708],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77693,3366],{"class":66},[56,77695,80],{"class":79},[56,77697,1080],{"class":66},[56,77699,535],{"class":79},[56,77701,1080],{"class":66},[56,77703,1083],{"class":79},[56,77705,1080],{"class":66},[56,77707,4973],{"class":79},[56,77709,3093],{"class":66},[42,77711,77713],{"id":77712},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[14,77715,153,77716,77718],{},[18,77717,63835],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[47,77720,77722],{"className":49,"code":77721,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77723,77724,77748,77758,77762],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77725,77726,77728,77730,77732,77734,77736,77738,77740,77742,77744,77746],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77727,3075],{"class":284},[56,77729,288],{"class":75},[56,77731,3080],{"class":66},[56,77733,406],{"class":79},[56,77735,1080],{"class":66},[56,77737,529],{"class":79},[56,77739,1080],{"class":66},[56,77741,5837],{"class":79},[56,77743,1080],{"class":66},[56,77745,4973],{"class":79},[56,77747,3093],{"class":66},[56,77749,77750,77752,77754,77756],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,77751,3107],{"class":284},[56,77753,497],{"class":66},[56,77755,34309],{"class":237},[56,77757,8129],{"class":66},[56,77759,77760],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,77761,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,77763,77764,77766,77768,77770],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,77765,63],{"class":62},[56,77767,67],{"class":66},[56,77769,3107],{"class":237},[56,77771,241],{"class":66},[14,77773,130],{},[47,77775,77777],{"className":49,"code":77776,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[18,77778,77779],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77780,77781,77783,77785,77787,77789,77791,77793,77795,77797],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77782,3366],{"class":66},[56,77784,1077],{"class":79},[56,77786,1080],{"class":66},[56,77788,529],{"class":79},[56,77790,1080],{"class":66},[56,77792,5837],{"class":79},[56,77794,1080],{"class":66},[56,77796,5481],{"class":79},[56,77798,3093],{"class":66},[14,77800,153,77801,77803],{},[18,77802,77615],{}," for descending order:",[47,77805,77807],{"className":49,"code":77806,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,77808,77809,77833,77851,77855],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77810,77811,77813,77815,77817,77819,77821,77823,77825,77827,77829,77831],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77812,3075],{"class":284},[56,77814,288],{"class":75},[56,77816,3080],{"class":66},[56,77818,406],{"class":79},[56,77820,1080],{"class":66},[56,77822,529],{"class":79},[56,77824,1080],{"class":66},[56,77826,5837],{"class":79},[56,77828,1080],{"class":66},[56,77830,4973],{"class":79},[56,77832,3093],{"class":66},[56,77834,77835,77837,77839,77841,77843,77845,77847,77849],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,77836,3107],{"class":284},[56,77838,497],{"class":66},[56,77840,34309],{"class":237},[56,77842,67],{"class":66},[56,77844,73101],{"class":8663},[56,77846,288],{"class":75},[56,77848,3060],{"class":3316},[56,77850,241],{"class":66},[56,77852,77853],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,77854,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,77856,77857,77859,77861,77863],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,77858,63],{"class":62},[56,77860,67],{"class":66},[56,77862,3107],{"class":237},[56,77864,241],{"class":66},[14,77866,130],{},[47,77868,77870],{"className":49,"code":77869,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[18,77871,77872],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77873,77874,77876,77878,77880,77882,77884,77886,77888,77890],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77875,3366],{"class":66},[56,77877,406],{"class":79},[56,77879,1080],{"class":66},[56,77881,5837],{"class":79},[56,77883,1080],{"class":66},[56,77885,529],{"class":79},[56,77887,1080],{"class":66},[56,77889,4973],{"class":79},[56,77891,3093],{"class":66},[14,77893,77894],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[14,77896,77897,77898,497],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[372,77899,77901],{"href":77900},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[42,77903,77905],{"id":77904},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[14,77907,77908],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[47,77910,77912],{"className":49,"code":77911,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,77913,77914,77946,77956,77960],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77915,77916,77918,77920,77922,77924,77926,77928,77930,77932,77934,77936,77938,77940,77942,77944],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77917,3537],{"class":284},[56,77919,288],{"class":75},[56,77921,3080],{"class":66},[56,77923,938],{"class":937},[56,77925,3555],{"class":941},[56,77927,938],{"class":937},[56,77929,1080],{"class":66},[56,77931,1448],{"class":937},[56,77933,3546],{"class":941},[56,77935,938],{"class":937},[56,77937,1080],{"class":66},[56,77939,1448],{"class":937},[56,77941,3564],{"class":941},[56,77943,938],{"class":937},[56,77945,3093],{"class":66},[56,77947,77948,77950,77952,77954],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,77949,3581],{"class":284},[56,77951,497],{"class":66},[56,77953,34309],{"class":237},[56,77955,8129],{"class":66},[56,77957,77958],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,77959,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,77961,77962,77964,77966,77968],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,77963,63],{"class":62},[56,77965,67],{"class":66},[56,77967,3581],{"class":237},[56,77969,241],{"class":66},[14,77971,130],{},[47,77973,77975],{"className":49,"code":77974,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,77976,77977],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,77978,77979,77981,77983,77985,77987,77989,77991,77993,77995,77997,77999,78001,78003],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,77980,3366],{"class":66},[56,77982,1394],{"class":937},[56,77984,3546],{"class":941},[56,77986,1394],{"class":937},[56,77988,1080],{"class":66},[56,77990,1389],{"class":937},[56,77992,3555],{"class":941},[56,77994,1394],{"class":937},[56,77996,1080],{"class":66},[56,77998,1389],{"class":937},[56,78000,3564],{"class":941},[56,78002,1394],{"class":937},[56,78004,3093],{"class":66},[14,78006,78007],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[47,78009,78011],{"className":49,"code":78010,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78012,78013,78045,78055,78059],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78014,78015,78017,78019,78021,78023,78025,78027,78029,78031,78033,78035,78037,78039,78041,78043],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78016,3537],{"class":284},[56,78018,288],{"class":75},[56,78020,3080],{"class":66},[56,78022,938],{"class":937},[56,78024,3555],{"class":941},[56,78026,938],{"class":937},[56,78028,1080],{"class":66},[56,78030,1448],{"class":937},[56,78032,57290],{"class":941},[56,78034,938],{"class":937},[56,78036,1080],{"class":66},[56,78038,1448],{"class":937},[56,78040,3564],{"class":941},[56,78042,938],{"class":937},[56,78044,3093],{"class":66},[56,78046,78047,78049,78051,78053],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,78048,3581],{"class":284},[56,78050,497],{"class":66},[56,78052,34309],{"class":237},[56,78054,8129],{"class":66},[56,78056,78057],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,78058,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,78060,78061,78063,78065,78067],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,78062,63],{"class":62},[56,78064,67],{"class":66},[56,78066,3581],{"class":237},[56,78068,241],{"class":66},[14,78070,130],{},[47,78072,78074],{"className":49,"code":78073,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,78075,78076],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78077,78078,78080,78082,78084,78086,78088,78090,78092,78094,78096,78098,78100,78102],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78079,3366],{"class":66},[56,78081,1394],{"class":937},[56,78083,57290],{"class":941},[56,78085,1394],{"class":937},[56,78087,1080],{"class":66},[56,78089,1389],{"class":937},[56,78091,3555],{"class":941},[56,78093,1394],{"class":937},[56,78095,1080],{"class":66},[56,78097,1389],{"class":937},[56,78099,3564],{"class":941},[56,78101,1394],{"class":937},[56,78103,3093],{"class":66},[14,78105,78106,78107,971],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[18,78108,78109],{},"key=str.lower",[47,78111,78113],{"className":49,"code":78112,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78114,78115,78147,78169,78173],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78116,78117,78119,78121,78123,78125,78127,78129,78131,78133,78135,78137,78139,78141,78143,78145],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78118,3537],{"class":284},[56,78120,288],{"class":75},[56,78122,3080],{"class":66},[56,78124,938],{"class":937},[56,78126,3555],{"class":941},[56,78128,938],{"class":937},[56,78130,1080],{"class":66},[56,78132,1448],{"class":937},[56,78134,57290],{"class":941},[56,78136,938],{"class":937},[56,78138,1080],{"class":66},[56,78140,1448],{"class":937},[56,78142,3564],{"class":941},[56,78144,938],{"class":937},[56,78146,3093],{"class":66},[56,78148,78149,78151,78153,78155,78157,78159,78161,78163,78165,78167],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,78150,3581],{"class":284},[56,78152,497],{"class":66},[56,78154,34309],{"class":237},[56,78156,67],{"class":66},[56,78158,14339],{"class":8663},[56,78160,288],{"class":75},[56,78162,1540],{"class":989},[56,78164,497],{"class":66},[56,78166,8126],{"class":24254},[56,78168,241],{"class":66},[56,78170,78171],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,78172,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,78174,78175,78177,78179,78181],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,78176,63],{"class":62},[56,78178,67],{"class":66},[56,78180,3581],{"class":237},[56,78182,241],{"class":66},[14,78184,130],{},[47,78186,78187],{"className":49,"code":78073,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,78188,78189],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78190,78191,78193,78195,78197,78199,78201,78203,78205,78207,78209,78211,78213,78215],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78192,3366],{"class":66},[56,78194,1394],{"class":937},[56,78196,57290],{"class":941},[56,78198,1394],{"class":937},[56,78200,1080],{"class":66},[56,78202,1389],{"class":937},[56,78204,3555],{"class":941},[56,78206,1394],{"class":937},[56,78208,1080],{"class":66},[56,78210,1389],{"class":937},[56,78212,3564],{"class":941},[56,78214,1394],{"class":937},[56,78216,3093],{"class":66},[14,78218,78219,78220,78223],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[18,78221,78222],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[42,78225,36125,78227,36128],{"id":78226},"using-the-key-argument",[18,78228,14339],{},[14,78230,16,78231,78233],{},[18,78232,14339],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[14,78235,6823],{},[26,78237,78238,78243],{},[29,78239,78240,78242],{},[18,78241,10653],{}," to sort by length",[29,78244,78245,78247],{},[18,78246,78222],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[14,78249,78250],{},"Sort words by length:",[47,78252,78254],{"className":49,"code":78253,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78255,78256,78297,78315,78319],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78257,78258,78260,78262,78264,78266,78269,78271,78273,78275,78277,78279,78281,78283,78285,78287,78289,78291,78293,78295],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78259,3537],{"class":284},[56,78261,288],{"class":75},[56,78263,3080],{"class":66},[56,78265,938],{"class":937},[56,78267,78268],{"class":941},"pear",[56,78270,938],{"class":937},[56,78272,1080],{"class":66},[56,78274,1448],{"class":937},[56,78276,3555],{"class":941},[56,78278,938],{"class":937},[56,78280,1080],{"class":66},[56,78282,1448],{"class":937},[56,78284,37872],{"class":941},[56,78286,938],{"class":937},[56,78288,1080],{"class":66},[56,78290,1448],{"class":937},[56,78292,3546],{"class":941},[56,78294,938],{"class":937},[56,78296,3093],{"class":66},[56,78298,78299,78301,78303,78305,78307,78309,78311,78313],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,78300,3581],{"class":284},[56,78302,497],{"class":66},[56,78304,34309],{"class":237},[56,78306,67],{"class":66},[56,78308,14339],{"class":8663},[56,78310,288],{"class":75},[56,78312,10653],{"class":62},[56,78314,241],{"class":66},[56,78316,78317],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,78318,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,78320,78321,78323,78325,78327],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,78322,63],{"class":62},[56,78324,67],{"class":66},[56,78326,3581],{"class":237},[56,78328,241],{"class":66},[14,78330,130],{},[47,78332,78334],{"className":49,"code":78333,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[18,78335,78336],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78337,78338,78340,78342,78344,78346,78348,78350,78352,78354,78356,78358,78360,78362,78364,78366,78368,78370],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78339,3366],{"class":66},[56,78341,1394],{"class":937},[56,78343,37872],{"class":941},[56,78345,1394],{"class":937},[56,78347,1080],{"class":66},[56,78349,1389],{"class":937},[56,78351,78268],{"class":941},[56,78353,1394],{"class":937},[56,78355,1080],{"class":66},[56,78357,1389],{"class":937},[56,78359,3546],{"class":941},[56,78361,1394],{"class":937},[56,78363,1080],{"class":66},[56,78365,1389],{"class":937},[56,78367,3555],{"class":941},[56,78369,1394],{"class":937},[56,78371,3093],{"class":66},[14,78373,78374],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[47,78376,78378],{"className":49,"code":78377,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78379,78380,78413,78435,78439],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78381,78382,78384,78386,78388,78390,78392,78394,78396,78398,78400,78402,78404,78406,78409,78411],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78383,3537],{"class":284},[56,78385,288],{"class":75},[56,78387,3080],{"class":66},[56,78389,938],{"class":937},[56,78391,4485],{"class":941},[56,78393,938],{"class":937},[56,78395,1080],{"class":66},[56,78397,1448],{"class":937},[56,78399,17304],{"class":941},[56,78401,938],{"class":937},[56,78403,1080],{"class":66},[56,78405,1448],{"class":937},[56,78407,78408],{"class":941},"Carol",[56,78410,938],{"class":937},[56,78412,3093],{"class":66},[56,78414,78415,78417,78419,78421,78423,78425,78427,78429,78431,78433],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,78416,3581],{"class":284},[56,78418,497],{"class":66},[56,78420,34309],{"class":237},[56,78422,67],{"class":66},[56,78424,14339],{"class":8663},[56,78426,288],{"class":75},[56,78428,1540],{"class":989},[56,78430,497],{"class":66},[56,78432,8126],{"class":24254},[56,78434,241],{"class":66},[56,78436,78437],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,78438,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,78440,78441,78443,78445,78447],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,78442,63],{"class":62},[56,78444,67],{"class":66},[56,78446,3581],{"class":237},[56,78448,241],{"class":66},[14,78450,130],{},[47,78452,78454],{"className":49,"code":78453,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[18,78455,78456],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78457,78458,78460,78462,78464,78466,78468,78470,78472,78474,78476,78478,78480,78482],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78459,3366],{"class":66},[56,78461,1394],{"class":937},[56,78463,17304],{"class":941},[56,78465,1394],{"class":937},[56,78467,1080],{"class":66},[56,78469,1389],{"class":937},[56,78471,4485],{"class":941},[56,78473,1394],{"class":937},[56,78475,1080],{"class":66},[56,78477,1389],{"class":937},[56,78479,78408],{"class":941},[56,78481,1394],{"class":937},[56,78483,3093],{"class":66},[14,78485,16,78486,78488],{},[18,78487,14339],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[42,78490,78492,10075,78494],{"id":78491},"listsort-vs-sorted",[18,78493,77391],{},[18,78495,73948],{},[14,78497,78498,3862,78500,78502],{},[18,78499,77391],{},[18,78501,73948],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[14,78504,78505,971],{},[18,78506,77391],{},[26,78508,78509,78512],{},[29,78510,78511],{},"Changes the existing list",[29,78513,10916,78514],{},[18,78515,3241],{},[14,78517,78518,971],{},[18,78519,73948],{},[26,78521,78522,78525],{},[29,78523,78524],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[29,78526,78527],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[14,78529,274],{},[47,78531,78533],{"className":49,"code":78532,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[18,78534,78535,78555,78559,78573,78577,78587],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78536,78537,78539,78541,78543,78545,78547,78549,78551,78553],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78538,3075],{"class":284},[56,78540,288],{"class":75},[56,78542,3080],{"class":66},[56,78544,121],{"class":79},[56,78546,1080],{"class":66},[56,78548,4973],{"class":79},[56,78550,1080],{"class":66},[56,78552,1083],{"class":79},[56,78554,3093],{"class":66},[56,78556,78557],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,78558,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,78560,78561,78563,78565,78567,78569,78571],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,78562,55411],{"class":284},[56,78564,288],{"class":75},[56,78566,74082],{"class":62},[56,78568,67],{"class":66},[56,78570,3107],{"class":237},[56,78572,241],{"class":66},[56,78574,78575],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,78576,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,78578,78579,78581,78583,78585],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,78580,63],{"class":62},[56,78582,67],{"class":66},[56,78584,3107],{"class":237},[56,78586,241],{"class":66},[56,78588,78589,78591,78593,78595],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,78590,63],{"class":62},[56,78592,67],{"class":66},[56,78594,73805],{"class":237},[56,78596,241],{"class":66},[14,78598,130],{},[47,78600,78601],{"className":49,"code":74117,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,78602,78603,78619],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78604,78605,78607,78609,78611,78613,78615,78617],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78606,3366],{"class":66},[56,78608,121],{"class":79},[56,78610,1080],{"class":66},[56,78612,4973],{"class":79},[56,78614,1080],{"class":66},[56,78616,1083],{"class":79},[56,78618,3093],{"class":66},[56,78620,78621,78623,78625,78627,78629,78631,78633],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,78622,3366],{"class":66},[56,78624,1077],{"class":79},[56,78626,1080],{"class":66},[56,78628,1083],{"class":79},[56,78630,1080],{"class":66},[56,78632,529],{"class":79},[56,78634,3093],{"class":66},[14,78636,153,78637,78639],{},[18,78638,73948],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[14,78641,78642,78643,3862,78647,497],{},"You can learn more in ",[372,78644,3031,78645,5259],{"href":74045},[18,78646,73948],{},[372,78648,78650],{"href":78649},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[42,78652,912],{"id":911},[14,78654,78655,78656,497],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,78657,77391],{},[615,78659,12089,78661],{"id":78660},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[18,78662,63835],{},[14,78664,25195],{},[47,78666,78668],{"className":49,"code":78667,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,78669,78670,78690,78704,78708,78718],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78671,78672,78674,78676,78678,78680,78682,78684,78686,78688],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78673,3075],{"class":284},[56,78675,288],{"class":75},[56,78677,3080],{"class":66},[56,78679,121],{"class":79},[56,78681,1080],{"class":66},[56,78683,4973],{"class":79},[56,78685,1080],{"class":66},[56,78687,1083],{"class":79},[56,78689,3093],{"class":66},[56,78691,78692,78694,78696,78698,78700,78702],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,78693,299],{"class":284},[56,78695,288],{"class":75},[56,78697,3731],{"class":284},[56,78699,497],{"class":66},[56,78701,34309],{"class":237},[56,78703,8129],{"class":66},[56,78705,78706],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,78707,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,78709,78710,78712,78714,78716],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,78711,63],{"class":62},[56,78713,67],{"class":66},[56,78715,338],{"class":237},[56,78717,241],{"class":66},[56,78719,78720,78722,78724,78726],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,78721,63],{"class":62},[56,78723,67],{"class":66},[56,78725,3107],{"class":237},[56,78727,241],{"class":66},[14,78729,130],{},[47,78731,78733],{"className":49,"code":78732,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[18,78734,78735,78739],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78736,78737],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78738,11302],{"class":3316},[56,78740,78741,78743,78745,78747,78749,78751,78753],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,78742,3366],{"class":66},[56,78744,1077],{"class":79},[56,78746,1080],{"class":66},[56,78748,1083],{"class":79},[56,78750,1080],{"class":66},[56,78752,529],{"class":79},[56,78754,3093],{"class":66},[14,78756,78757,78759,78760,497],{},[18,78758,63835],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[18,78761,3241],{},[14,78763,78764,78765,6110],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[18,78766,73948],{},[615,78768,78770],{"id":78769},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[14,78772,78773],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[47,78775,78777],{"className":49,"code":78776,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[18,78778,78779,78804],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78780,78781,78783,78785,78787,78789,78791,78793,78796,78798,78800,78802],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78782,7261],{"class":284},[56,78784,288],{"class":75},[56,78786,3080],{"class":66},[56,78788,1077],{"class":79},[56,78790,1080],{"class":66},[56,78792,1448],{"class":937},[56,78794,78795],{"class":941},"two",[56,78797,938],{"class":937},[56,78799,1080],{"class":66},[56,78801,529],{"class":79},[56,78803,3093],{"class":66},[56,78805,78806,78808,78810,78812],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,78807,7292],{"class":284},[56,78809,497],{"class":66},[56,78811,34309],{"class":237},[56,78813,8129],{"class":66},[14,78815,1093,78816,78818],{},[18,78817,1096],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[615,78820,4175,78822,78824],{"id":78821},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[18,78823,63835],{}," only works on lists",[14,78826,78827,78829],{},[18,78828,63835],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[14,78831,16143],{},[47,78833,78835],{"className":49,"code":78834,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[18,78836,78837,78849],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78838,78839,78841,78843,78845,78847],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78840,34197],{"class":284},[56,78842,288],{"class":75},[56,78844,1448],{"class":937},[56,78846,51],{"class":941},[56,78848,1454],{"class":937},[56,78850,78851,78853,78855,78857],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,78852,34218],{"class":284},[56,78854,497],{"class":66},[56,78856,34309],{"class":237},[56,78858,8129],{"class":66},[14,78860,78861,78862,33109],{},"Strings do not have a ",[18,78863,63835],{},[14,78865,78866],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[47,78868,78870],{"className":49,"code":78869,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,78871,78872,78890,78900,78904],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78873,78874,78876,78878,78880,78882,78884,78886,78888],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78875,35602],{"class":284},[56,78877,288],{"class":75},[56,78879,22063],{"class":989},[56,78881,67],{"class":66},[56,78883,938],{"class":937},[56,78885,51],{"class":941},[56,78887,938],{"class":937},[56,78889,241],{"class":66},[56,78891,78892,78894,78896,78898],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,78893,35655],{"class":284},[56,78895,497],{"class":66},[56,78897,34309],{"class":237},[56,78899,8129],{"class":66},[56,78901,78902],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,78903,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,78905,78906,78908,78910,78912],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,78907,63],{"class":62},[56,78909,67],{"class":66},[56,78911,35655],{"class":237},[56,78913,241],{"class":66},[14,78915,130],{},[47,78917,78919],{"className":49,"code":78918,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[18,78920,78921],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78922,78923,78925,78927,78929,78931,78933,78935,78937,78939,78941,78943,78945,78947,78949,78951,78953,78955,78957,78959,78961,78963,78965,78967,78969,78971],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78924,3366],{"class":66},[56,78926,1394],{"class":937},[56,78928,59961],{"class":941},[56,78930,1394],{"class":937},[56,78932,1080],{"class":66},[56,78934,1389],{"class":937},[56,78936,75554],{"class":941},[56,78938,1394],{"class":937},[56,78940,1080],{"class":66},[56,78942,1389],{"class":937},[56,78944,59996],{"class":941},[56,78946,1394],{"class":937},[56,78948,1080],{"class":66},[56,78950,1389],{"class":937},[56,78952,14],{"class":941},[56,78954,1394],{"class":937},[56,78956,1080],{"class":66},[56,78958,1389],{"class":937},[56,78960,62810],{"class":941},[56,78962,1394],{"class":937},[56,78964,1080],{"class":66},[56,78966,1389],{"class":937},[56,78968,11239],{"class":941},[56,78970,1394],{"class":937},[56,78972,3093],{"class":66},[615,78974,78976,78977,78979],{"id":78975},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[18,78978,14339],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[14,78981,78982,78983,497],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[18,78984,14339],{},[14,78986,78987,78988,78990],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[18,78989,63835],{}," will not do that:",[47,78992,78994],{"className":49,"code":78993,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,78995,78996,79028,79046,79050],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,78997,78998,79000,79002,79004,79006,79008,79010,79012,79014,79016,79018,79020,79022,79024,79026],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,78999,3537],{"class":284},[56,79001,288],{"class":75},[56,79003,3080],{"class":66},[56,79005,938],{"class":937},[56,79007,3555],{"class":941},[56,79009,938],{"class":937},[56,79011,1080],{"class":66},[56,79013,1448],{"class":937},[56,79015,37872],{"class":941},[56,79017,938],{"class":937},[56,79019,1080],{"class":66},[56,79021,1448],{"class":937},[56,79023,3546],{"class":941},[56,79025,938],{"class":937},[56,79027,3093],{"class":66},[56,79029,79030,79032,79034,79036,79038,79040,79042,79044],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,79031,3581],{"class":284},[56,79033,497],{"class":66},[56,79035,34309],{"class":237},[56,79037,67],{"class":66},[56,79039,14339],{"class":8663},[56,79041,288],{"class":75},[56,79043,10653],{"class":62},[56,79045,241],{"class":66},[56,79047,79048],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,79049,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,79051,79052,79054,79056,79058],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,79053,63],{"class":62},[56,79055,67],{"class":66},[56,79057,3581],{"class":237},[56,79059,241],{"class":66},[615,79061,79063],{"id":79062},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[14,79065,79066],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[47,79068,79070],{"className":49,"code":79069,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,79071,79072,79106,79116,79120],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79073,79074,79076,79078,79080,79082,79085,79087,79089,79091,79093,79095,79097,79099,79102,79104],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79075,3537],{"class":284},[56,79077,288],{"class":75},[56,79079,3080],{"class":66},[56,79081,938],{"class":937},[56,79083,79084],{"class":941},"zebra",[56,79086,938],{"class":937},[56,79088,1080],{"class":66},[56,79090,1448],{"class":937},[56,79092,57290],{"class":941},[56,79094,938],{"class":937},[56,79096,1080],{"class":66},[56,79098,1448],{"class":937},[56,79100,79101],{"class":941},"monkey",[56,79103,938],{"class":937},[56,79105,3093],{"class":66},[56,79107,79108,79110,79112,79114],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,79109,3581],{"class":284},[56,79111,497],{"class":66},[56,79113,34309],{"class":237},[56,79115,8129],{"class":66},[56,79117,79118],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,79119,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,79121,79122,79124,79126,79128],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,79123,63],{"class":62},[56,79125,67],{"class":66},[56,79127,3581],{"class":237},[56,79129,241],{"class":66},[14,79131,130],{},[47,79133,79135],{"className":49,"code":79134,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[18,79136,79137],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79138,79139,79141,79143,79145,79147,79149,79151,79153,79155,79157,79159,79161,79163],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79140,3366],{"class":66},[56,79142,1394],{"class":937},[56,79144,57290],{"class":941},[56,79146,1394],{"class":937},[56,79148,1080],{"class":66},[56,79150,1389],{"class":937},[56,79152,79101],{"class":941},[56,79154,1394],{"class":937},[56,79156,1080],{"class":66},[56,79158,1389],{"class":937},[56,79160,79084],{"class":941},[56,79162,1394],{"class":937},[56,79164,3093],{"class":66},[14,79166,153,79167,79169],{},[18,79168,78109],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[615,79171,60233],{"id":60232},[14,79173,79174],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[47,79176,79178],{"className":49,"code":79177,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[18,79179,79180,79190,79204,79218,79232],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79181,79182,79184,79186,79188],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79183,63],{"class":62},[56,79185,67],{"class":66},[56,79187,7823],{"class":237},[56,79189,241],{"class":66},[56,79191,79192,79194,79196,79198,79200,79202],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,79193,63],{"class":62},[56,79195,67],{"class":66},[56,79197,1314],{"class":989},[56,79199,67],{"class":66},[56,79201,7823],{"class":237},[56,79203,83],{"class":66},[56,79205,79206,79208,79210,79212,79214,79216],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,79207,63],{"class":62},[56,79209,67],{"class":66},[56,79211,7823],{"class":237},[56,79213,497],{"class":66},[56,79215,34309],{"class":237},[56,79217,6674],{"class":66},[56,79219,79220,79222,79224,79226,79228,79230],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,79221,63],{"class":62},[56,79223,67],{"class":66},[56,79225,74038],{"class":62},[56,79227,67],{"class":66},[56,79229,7823],{"class":237},[56,79231,83],{"class":66},[56,79233,79234,79236,79238,79240,79242,79244,79246,79248,79250,79252,79254],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,79235,63],{"class":62},[56,79237,1074],{"class":66},[56,79239,1314],{"class":989},[56,79241,67],{"class":66},[56,79243,22814],{"class":237},[56,79245,3120],{"class":66},[56,79247,3342],{"class":3341},[56,79249,5437],{"class":237},[56,79251,3348],{"class":3341},[56,79253,7880],{"class":237},[56,79255,3354],{"class":66},[14,79257,10662],{},[26,79259,79260,79263,79266,79273,79279],{},[29,79261,79262],{},"What values are in the list",[29,79264,79265],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[29,79267,79268,79269,473,79271],{},"That ",[18,79270,63835],{},[18,79272,3241],{},[29,79274,79275,79276,79278],{},"Whether ",[18,79277,73948],{}," works better for your case",[29,79280,79281],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[14,79283,79284,79285,79287],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[18,79286,1096],{}," problems.",[42,79289,1553],{"id":1552},[615,79291,12199,79293,54990],{"id":79292},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[18,79294,77391],{},[14,79296,62126,79297,497],{},[18,79298,3241],{},[615,79300,4653,79302,3862,79304,571],{"id":79301},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[18,79303,63835],{},[18,79305,73948],{},[14,79307,79308,79310,79311,79313],{},[18,79309,63835],{}," changes the list itself. ",[18,79312,73948],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[615,79315,79317],{"id":79316},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[14,79319,18196],{},[47,79321,79323],{"className":49,"code":79322,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[18,79324,79325],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79326,79327,79329,79331,79333,79335,79337,79339,79341],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79328,7823],{"class":284},[56,79330,497],{"class":66},[56,79332,34309],{"class":237},[56,79334,67],{"class":66},[56,79336,73101],{"class":8663},[56,79338,288],{"class":75},[56,79340,3060],{"class":3316},[56,79342,241],{"class":66},[615,79344,79346],{"id":79345},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[14,79348,18196],{},[47,79350,79352],{"className":49,"code":79351,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[18,79353,79354],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79355,79356,79358,79360,79362,79364,79366,79368,79370,79372,79374],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79357,7823],{"class":284},[56,79359,497],{"class":66},[56,79361,34309],{"class":237},[56,79363,67],{"class":66},[56,79365,14339],{"class":8663},[56,79367,288],{"class":75},[56,79369,1540],{"class":989},[56,79371,497],{"class":66},[56,79373,8126],{"class":24254},[56,79375,241],{"class":66},[14,79377,79378],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[615,79380,79382,79383,79385],{"id":79381},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[18,79384,1096],{}," when sorting?",[14,79387,79388],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[42,79390,1601],{"id":1600},[26,79392,79393,79398,79404,79408],{},[29,79394,79395],{},[372,79396,79397],{"href":77900},"How to sort a list in Python",[29,79399,79400],{},[372,79401,3031,79402,5259],{"href":74045},[18,79403,73948],{},[29,79405,79406],{},[372,79407,66601],{"href":50499},[29,79409,79410],{},[372,79411,78650],{"href":78649},[1633,79413,79414],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":79416},[79417,79418,79420,79421,79422,79423,79425,79427,79438,79448],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":77457,"depth":86,"text":79419},"What list.sort() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":77712,"depth":86,"text":77713},{"id":77904,"depth":86,"text":77905},{"id":78226,"depth":86,"text":79424},"Using the key argument",{"id":78491,"depth":86,"text":79426},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912,"children":79428},[79429,79431,79432,79434,79436,79437],{"id":78660,"depth":102,"text":79430},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":78769,"depth":102,"text":78770},{"id":78821,"depth":102,"text":79433},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":78975,"depth":102,"text":79435},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79062,"depth":102,"text":79063},{"id":60232,"depth":102,"text":60233},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":79439},[79440,79442,79444,79445,79446],{"id":79292,"depth":102,"text":79441},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79301,"depth":102,"text":79443},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79316,"depth":102,"text":79317},{"id":79345,"depth":102,"text":79346},{"id":79381,"depth":102,"text":79447},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77379,"description":79449},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79456,"title":79457,"body":79458,"description":82089,"extension":1665,"meta":82090,"navigation":316,"path":82091,"seo":82092,"stem":82093,"__hash__":82094},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79459,"toc":82048},[79460,79465,79470,79473,79484,79487,79507,79509,79571,79573,79614,79623,79628,79633,79639,79650,79652,79671,79674,79679,79684,79686,79691,79705,79707,79725,79728,79745,79748,79754,79777,79782,79784,79787,79848,79850,79883,79885,79924,79932,79942,79948,79953,80046,80048,80072,80074,80092,80095,80126,80132,80137,80140,80142,80267,80269,80293,80295,80314,80320,80326,80445,80447,80464,80471,80477,80482,80489,80495,80497,80554,80557,80578,80581,80584,80645,80647,80680,80684,80754,80756,80773,80777,80780,80855,80857,80894,80897,80900,80971,80973,81034,81039,81044,81047,81061,81063,81136,81138,81158,81161,81164,81221,81283,81286,81318,81321,81336,81341,81343,81349,81352,81408,81411,81413,81432,81436,81438,81482,81491,81493,81553,81557,81560,81562,81655,81657,81772,81776,81778,81852,81855,81858,81860,81865,81930,81932,81956,81966,81968,81974,81983,81992,82001,82007,82010,82014,82017,82019,82045],[10,79461,3031,79463,3035],{"id":79462},"python-map-function-explained",[18,79464,39231],{},[14,79466,3038,79467,79469],{},[18,79468,39231],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[14,79471,79472],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[26,79474,79475,79478,79481],{},[29,79476,79477],{},"converting numbers to strings",[29,79479,79480],{},"changing strings to integers",[29,79482,79483],{},"doubling every value in a list",[14,79485,79486],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[26,79488,79489,79496,79502],{},[29,79490,79491,13551,79493,79495],{},[18,79492,39231],{},[3205,79494,4101],{}," return a list in Python 3",[29,79497,79498,79499],{},"it returns a ",[3205,79500,79501],{},"map object",[29,79503,79504,79505],{},"you often convert that result with ",[18,79506,24285],{},[42,79508,45],{"id":44},[47,79510,79512],{"className":49,"code":79511,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,79513,79514,79538,79557],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79515,79516,79518,79520,79522,79524,79526,79528,79530,79532,79534,79536],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79517,3075],{"class":284},[56,79519,288],{"class":75},[56,79521,3080],{"class":66},[56,79523,1077],{"class":79},[56,79525,1080],{"class":66},[56,79527,1083],{"class":79},[56,79529,1080],{"class":66},[56,79531,529],{"class":79},[56,79533,1080],{"class":66},[56,79535,535],{"class":79},[56,79537,3093],{"class":66},[56,79539,79540,79542,79544,79547,79549,79551,79553,79555],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,79541,299],{"class":284},[56,79543,288],{"class":75},[56,79545,79546],{"class":62}," map",[56,79548,67],{"class":66},[56,79550,1540],{"class":989},[56,79552,1080],{"class":66},[56,79554,3731],{"class":237},[56,79556,241],{"class":66},[56,79558,79559,79561,79563,79565,79567,79569],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,79560,63],{"class":62},[56,79562,67],{"class":66},[56,79564,7577],{"class":989},[56,79566,67],{"class":66},[56,79568,338],{"class":237},[56,79570,83],{"class":66},[14,79572,130],{},[47,79574,79576],{"className":49,"code":79575,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[18,79577,79578],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79579,79580,79582,79584,79586,79588,79590,79592,79594,79596,79598,79600,79602,79604,79606,79608,79610,79612],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79581,3366],{"class":66},[56,79583,1394],{"class":937},[56,79585,1077],{"class":941},[56,79587,1394],{"class":937},[56,79589,1080],{"class":66},[56,79591,1389],{"class":937},[56,79593,115],{"class":941},[56,79595,1394],{"class":937},[56,79597,1080],{"class":66},[56,79599,1389],{"class":937},[56,79601,121],{"class":941},[56,79603,1394],{"class":937},[56,79605,1080],{"class":66},[56,79607,1389],{"class":937},[56,79609,584],{"class":941},[56,79611,1394],{"class":937},[56,79613,3093],{"class":66},[14,79615,153,79616,79619,79620,79622],{},[18,79617,79618],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[18,79621,24285],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[42,79624,3138,79626,3141],{"id":79625},"what-map-does",[18,79627,39231],{},[14,79629,79630,79632],{},[18,79631,39231],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[14,79634,79635,79636,79638],{},"An ",[3205,79637,3182],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[26,79640,79641,79643,79645,79647],{},[29,79642,37415],{},[29,79644,37418],{},[29,79646,37421],{},[29,79648,79649],{},"a range object",[14,79651,30232],{},[47,79653,79655],{"className":49,"code":79654,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"map(function, iterable)\n",[18,79656,79657],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79658,79659,79661,79663,79665,79667,79669],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79660,39374],{"class":62},[56,79662,67],{"class":66},[56,79664,37374],{"class":237},[56,79666,1080],{"class":66},[56,79668,37379],{"class":237},[56,79670,241],{"class":66},[14,79672,79673],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[14,79675,79676,79677,33250],{},"Important: the result is a ",[3205,79678,79501],{},[14,79680,79681,79682,497],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[372,79683,4609],{"href":4608},[42,79685,220],{"id":219},[14,79687,79688,79690],{},[18,79689,39231],{}," needs at least two parts:",[26,79692,79693,79699],{},[29,79694,79695,79698],{},[3205,79696,79697],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[29,79700,79701,79704],{},[3205,79702,79703],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[14,79706,3167],{},[47,79708,79709],{"className":49,"code":79654,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,79710,79711],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79712,79713,79715,79717,79719,79721,79723],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79714,39374],{"class":62},[56,79716,67],{"class":66},[56,79718,37374],{"class":237},[56,79720,1080],{"class":66},[56,79722,37379],{"class":237},[56,79724,241],{"class":66},[14,79726,79727],{},"You can pass:",[26,79729,79730,79739,79742],{},[29,79731,79732,79733,255,79735,259,79737],{},"built-in functions like ",[18,79734,1540],{},[18,79736,254],{},[18,79738,70],{},[29,79740,79741],{},"your own custom function",[29,79743,79744],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[14,79746,79747],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[14,79749,79750,79751,79753],{},"You will often see ",[18,79752,39231],{}," used like this:",[47,79755,79757],{"className":49,"code":79756,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"list(map(function, values))\n",[18,79758,79759],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79760,79761,79763,79765,79767,79769,79771,79773,79775],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79762,7577],{"class":989},[56,79764,67],{"class":66},[56,79766,39374],{"class":62},[56,79768,67],{"class":66},[56,79770,37374],{"class":237},[56,79772,1080],{"class":66},[56,79774,3351],{"class":237},[56,79776,83],{"class":66},[14,79778,6156,79779,79781],{},[18,79780,24285],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[42,79783,10968],{"id":10967},[14,79785,79786],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[47,79788,79790],{"className":49,"code":79789,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,79791,79792,79812,79830,79834],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79793,79794,79796,79798,79800,79802,79804,79806,79808,79810],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79795,3075],{"class":284},[56,79797,288],{"class":75},[56,79799,3080],{"class":66},[56,79801,406],{"class":79},[56,79803,1080],{"class":66},[56,79805,7272],{"class":79},[56,79807,1080],{"class":66},[56,79809,7277],{"class":79},[56,79811,3093],{"class":66},[56,79813,79814,79816,79818,79820,79822,79824,79826,79828],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,79815,299],{"class":284},[56,79817,288],{"class":75},[56,79819,79546],{"class":62},[56,79821,67],{"class":66},[56,79823,1540],{"class":989},[56,79825,1080],{"class":66},[56,79827,3731],{"class":237},[56,79829,241],{"class":66},[56,79831,79832],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,79833,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,79835,79836,79838,79840,79842,79844,79846],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,79837,63],{"class":62},[56,79839,67],{"class":66},[56,79841,7577],{"class":989},[56,79843,67],{"class":66},[56,79845,338],{"class":237},[56,79847,83],{"class":66},[14,79849,130],{},[47,79851,79853],{"className":49,"code":79852,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[18,79854,79855],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79856,79857,79859,79861,79863,79865,79867,79869,79871,79873,79875,79877,79879,79881],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79858,3366],{"class":66},[56,79860,1394],{"class":937},[56,79862,406],{"class":941},[56,79864,1394],{"class":937},[56,79866,1080],{"class":66},[56,79868,1389],{"class":937},[56,79870,15253],{"class":941},[56,79872,1394],{"class":937},[56,79874,1080],{"class":66},[56,79876,1389],{"class":937},[56,79878,36354],{"class":941},[56,79880,1394],{"class":937},[56,79882,3093],{"class":66},[14,79884,11177],{},[26,79886,79887,79892,79900,79908,79916],{},[29,79888,79889,79891],{},[18,79890,3107],{}," contains integers",[29,79893,79894,79897,79898],{},[18,79895,79896],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[18,79899,47202],{},[29,79901,79902,41671,79905],{},[18,79903,79904],{},"str(10)",[18,79906,79907],{},"'10'",[29,79909,79910,41671,79913],{},[18,79911,79912],{},"str(20)",[18,79914,79915],{},"'20'",[29,79917,79918,41671,79921],{},[18,79919,79920],{},"str(30)",[18,79922,79923],{},"'30'",[14,79925,53174,79926,79928,79929,79931],{},[18,79927,39231],{}," applies ",[18,79930,47202],{}," one item at a time.",[14,79933,79934,79935,79937,79938,497],{},"If you want to understand ",[18,79936,24285],{}," better, see ",[372,79939,3031,79940,1610],{"href":64371},[18,79941,24285],{},[42,79943,7902,79945,79947],{"id":79944},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[18,79946,39231],{}," with your own function",[14,79949,15213,79950,79952],{},[18,79951,39231],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[47,79954,79956],{"className":49,"code":79955,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,79957,79958,79971,79981,79985,80009,80028,80032],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,79959,79960,79962,79965,79967,79969],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,79961,34361],{"class":124},[56,79963,79964],{"class":34364}," double",[56,79966,67],{"class":66},[56,79968,238],{"class":37176},[56,79970,7826],{"class":66},[56,79972,79973,79975,79977,79979],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,79974,34372],{"class":3341},[56,79976,3345],{"class":284},[56,79978,39387],{"class":75},[56,79980,45107],{"class":79},[56,79982,79983],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,79984,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,79986,79987,79989,79991,79993,79995,79997,79999,80001,80003,80005,80007],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,79988,3075],{"class":284},[56,79990,288],{"class":75},[56,79992,3080],{"class":66},[56,79994,1077],{"class":79},[56,79996,1080],{"class":66},[56,79998,1083],{"class":79},[56,80000,1080],{"class":66},[56,80002,529],{"class":79},[56,80004,1080],{"class":66},[56,80006,535],{"class":79},[56,80008,3093],{"class":66},[56,80010,80011,80013,80015,80017,80019,80022,80024,80026],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,80012,299],{"class":284},[56,80014,288],{"class":75},[56,80016,79546],{"class":62},[56,80018,67],{"class":66},[56,80020,80021],{"class":237},"double",[56,80023,1080],{"class":66},[56,80025,3731],{"class":237},[56,80027,241],{"class":66},[56,80029,80030],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,80031,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,80033,80034,80036,80038,80040,80042,80044],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,80035,63],{"class":62},[56,80037,67],{"class":66},[56,80039,7577],{"class":989},[56,80041,67],{"class":66},[56,80043,338],{"class":237},[56,80045,83],{"class":66},[14,80047,130],{},[47,80049,80050],{"className":49,"code":39400,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,80051,80052],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80053,80054,80056,80058,80060,80062,80064,80066,80068,80070],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80055,3366],{"class":66},[56,80057,115],{"class":79},[56,80059,1080],{"class":66},[56,80061,535],{"class":79},[56,80063,1080],{"class":66},[56,80065,37157],{"class":79},[56,80067,1080],{"class":66},[56,80069,5837],{"class":79},[56,80071,3093],{"class":66},[14,80073,65108],{},[26,80075,80076,80083,80089],{},[29,80077,80078,80080,80081],{},[18,80079,39231],{}," takes the function ",[18,80082,80021],{},[29,80084,80085,80086,80088],{},"it sends each item from ",[18,80087,3107],{}," into that function",[29,80090,80091],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[14,80093,80094],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[26,80096,80097,80104,80111,80119],{},[29,80098,80099,5549,80102],{},[18,80100,80101],{},"double(1)",[18,80103,115],{},[29,80105,80106,5549,80109],{},[18,80107,80108],{},"double(2)",[18,80110,584],{},[29,80112,80113,5549,80116],{},[18,80114,80115],{},"double(3)",[18,80117,80118],{},"6",[29,80120,80121,5549,80124],{},[18,80122,80123],{},"double(4)",[18,80125,421],{},[42,80127,7902,80129,80131],{"id":80128},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[18,80130,39231],{}," with multiple iterables",[14,80133,80134,80136],{},[18,80135,39231],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[14,80138,80139],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[14,80141,274],{},[47,80143,80145],{"className":49,"code":80144,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80146,80147,80164,80174,80178,80199,80220,80224,80249,80253],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80148,80149,80151,80154,80156,80158,80160,80162],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80150,34361],{"class":124},[56,80152,80153],{"class":34364}," add_numbers",[56,80155,67],{"class":66},[56,80157,372],{"class":37176},[56,80159,1080],{"class":66},[56,80161,640],{"class":37176},[56,80163,7826],{"class":66},[56,80165,80166,80168,80170,80172],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,80167,34372],{"class":3341},[56,80169,44062],{"class":284},[56,80171,118],{"class":75},[56,80173,35694],{"class":284},[56,80175,80176],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,80177,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,80179,80180,80183,80185,80187,80189,80191,80193,80195,80197],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,80181,80182],{"class":284},"list1 ",[56,80184,288],{"class":75},[56,80186,3080],{"class":66},[56,80188,1077],{"class":79},[56,80190,1080],{"class":66},[56,80192,1083],{"class":79},[56,80194,1080],{"class":66},[56,80196,529],{"class":79},[56,80198,3093],{"class":66},[56,80200,80201,80204,80206,80208,80210,80212,80214,80216,80218],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,80202,80203],{"class":284},"list2 ",[56,80205,288],{"class":75},[56,80207,3080],{"class":66},[56,80209,406],{"class":79},[56,80211,1080],{"class":66},[56,80213,7272],{"class":79},[56,80215,1080],{"class":66},[56,80217,7277],{"class":79},[56,80219,3093],{"class":66},[56,80221,80222],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,80223,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,80225,80226,80228,80230,80232,80234,80237,80239,80242,80244,80247],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,80227,299],{"class":284},[56,80229,288],{"class":75},[56,80231,79546],{"class":62},[56,80233,67],{"class":66},[56,80235,80236],{"class":237},"add_numbers",[56,80238,1080],{"class":66},[56,80240,80241],{"class":237}," list1",[56,80243,1080],{"class":66},[56,80245,80246],{"class":237}," list2",[56,80248,241],{"class":66},[56,80250,80251],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,80252,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,80254,80255,80257,80259,80261,80263,80265],{"class":58,"line":5910},[56,80256,63],{"class":62},[56,80258,67],{"class":66},[56,80260,7577],{"class":989},[56,80262,67],{"class":66},[56,80264,338],{"class":237},[56,80266,83],{"class":66},[14,80268,130],{},[47,80270,80272],{"className":49,"code":80271,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[18,80273,80274],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80275,80276,80278,80281,80283,80286,80288,80291],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80277,3366],{"class":66},[56,80279,80280],{"class":79},"11",[56,80282,1080],{"class":66},[56,80284,80285],{"class":79}," 22",[56,80287,1080],{"class":66},[56,80289,80290],{"class":79}," 33",[56,80292,3093],{"class":66},[14,80294,244],{},[26,80296,80297,80303,80309],{},[29,80298,80299,80300],{},"the first values are used together: ",[18,80301,80302],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[29,80304,80305,80306],{},"then ",[18,80307,80308],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[29,80310,80305,80311],{},[18,80312,80313],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[615,80315,80317,80319],{"id":80316},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[18,80318,39231],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[14,80321,80322,80323,80325],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[18,80324,39231],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[47,80327,80329],{"className":49,"code":80328,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80330,80331,80347,80357,80361,80385,80401,80405,80427,80431],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80332,80333,80335,80337,80339,80341,80343,80345],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80334,34361],{"class":124},[56,80336,80153],{"class":34364},[56,80338,67],{"class":66},[56,80340,372],{"class":37176},[56,80342,1080],{"class":66},[56,80344,640],{"class":37176},[56,80346,7826],{"class":66},[56,80348,80349,80351,80353,80355],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,80350,34372],{"class":3341},[56,80352,44062],{"class":284},[56,80354,118],{"class":75},[56,80356,35694],{"class":284},[56,80358,80359],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,80360,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,80362,80363,80365,80367,80369,80371,80373,80375,80377,80379,80381,80383],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,80364,80182],{"class":284},[56,80366,288],{"class":75},[56,80368,3080],{"class":66},[56,80370,1077],{"class":79},[56,80372,1080],{"class":66},[56,80374,1083],{"class":79},[56,80376,1080],{"class":66},[56,80378,529],{"class":79},[56,80380,1080],{"class":66},[56,80382,535],{"class":79},[56,80384,3093],{"class":66},[56,80386,80387,80389,80391,80393,80395,80397,80399],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,80388,80203],{"class":284},[56,80390,288],{"class":75},[56,80392,3080],{"class":66},[56,80394,406],{"class":79},[56,80396,1080],{"class":66},[56,80398,7272],{"class":79},[56,80400,3093],{"class":66},[56,80402,80403],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,80404,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,80406,80407,80409,80411,80413,80415,80417,80419,80421,80423,80425],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,80408,299],{"class":284},[56,80410,288],{"class":75},[56,80412,79546],{"class":62},[56,80414,67],{"class":66},[56,80416,80236],{"class":237},[56,80418,1080],{"class":66},[56,80420,80241],{"class":237},[56,80422,1080],{"class":66},[56,80424,80246],{"class":237},[56,80426,241],{"class":66},[56,80428,80429],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,80430,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,80432,80433,80435,80437,80439,80441,80443],{"class":58,"line":5910},[56,80434,63],{"class":62},[56,80436,67],{"class":66},[56,80438,7577],{"class":989},[56,80440,67],{"class":66},[56,80442,338],{"class":237},[56,80444,83],{"class":66},[14,80446,130],{},[47,80448,80450],{"className":49,"code":80449,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[11, 22]\n",[18,80451,80452],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80453,80454,80456,80458,80460,80462],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80455,3366],{"class":66},[56,80457,80280],{"class":79},[56,80459,1080],{"class":66},[56,80461,80285],{"class":79},[56,80463,3093],{"class":66},[14,80465,80466,80467,80470],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[18,80468,80469],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[42,80472,80474,80476],{"id":80473},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[18,80475,39231],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[14,80478,37537,80479,80481],{},[18,80480,39231],{}," returns a map object.",[14,80483,80484,80485,80488],{},"This object is ",[3205,80486,80487],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[615,80490,567,80492,80494],{"id":80491},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[18,80493,32535],{}," looks strange",[14,80496,33151],{},[47,80498,80500],{"className":49,"code":80499,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,80501,80502,80522,80540,80544],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80503,80504,80506,80508,80510,80512,80514,80516,80518,80520],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80505,3075],{"class":284},[56,80507,288],{"class":75},[56,80509,3080],{"class":66},[56,80511,1077],{"class":79},[56,80513,1080],{"class":66},[56,80515,1083],{"class":79},[56,80517,1080],{"class":66},[56,80519,529],{"class":79},[56,80521,3093],{"class":66},[56,80523,80524,80526,80528,80530,80532,80534,80536,80538],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,80525,299],{"class":284},[56,80527,288],{"class":75},[56,80529,79546],{"class":62},[56,80531,67],{"class":66},[56,80533,1540],{"class":989},[56,80535,1080],{"class":66},[56,80537,3731],{"class":237},[56,80539,241],{"class":66},[56,80541,80542],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,80543,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,80545,80546,80548,80550,80552],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,80547,63],{"class":62},[56,80549,67],{"class":66},[56,80551,338],{"class":237},[56,80553,241],{"class":66},[14,80555,80556],{},"Output will look something like this:",[47,80558,80560],{"className":49,"code":80559,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[18,80561,80562],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80563,80564,80566,80568,80570,80572,80574,80576],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80565,1383],{"class":75},[56,80567,39374],{"class":62},[56,80569,24121],{"class":989},[56,80571,36877],{"class":284},[56,80573,36881],{"class":36880},[56,80575,36884],{"class":33962},[56,80577,1397],{"class":75},[14,80579,80580],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[14,80582,80583],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[47,80585,80587],{"className":49,"code":80586,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80588,80589,80609,80627,80631],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80590,80591,80593,80595,80597,80599,80601,80603,80605,80607],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80592,3075],{"class":284},[56,80594,288],{"class":75},[56,80596,3080],{"class":66},[56,80598,1077],{"class":79},[56,80600,1080],{"class":66},[56,80602,1083],{"class":79},[56,80604,1080],{"class":66},[56,80606,529],{"class":79},[56,80608,3093],{"class":66},[56,80610,80611,80613,80615,80617,80619,80621,80623,80625],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,80612,299],{"class":284},[56,80614,288],{"class":75},[56,80616,79546],{"class":62},[56,80618,67],{"class":66},[56,80620,1540],{"class":989},[56,80622,1080],{"class":66},[56,80624,3731],{"class":237},[56,80626,241],{"class":66},[56,80628,80629],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,80630,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,80632,80633,80635,80637,80639,80641,80643],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,80634,63],{"class":62},[56,80636,67],{"class":66},[56,80638,7577],{"class":989},[56,80640,67],{"class":66},[56,80642,338],{"class":237},[56,80644,83],{"class":66},[14,80646,130],{},[47,80648,80650],{"className":49,"code":80649,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[18,80651,80652],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80653,80654,80656,80658,80660,80662,80664,80666,80668,80670,80672,80674,80676,80678],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80655,3366],{"class":66},[56,80657,1394],{"class":937},[56,80659,1077],{"class":941},[56,80661,1394],{"class":937},[56,80663,1080],{"class":66},[56,80665,1389],{"class":937},[56,80667,115],{"class":941},[56,80669,1394],{"class":937},[56,80671,1080],{"class":66},[56,80673,1389],{"class":937},[56,80675,121],{"class":941},[56,80677,1394],{"class":937},[56,80679,3093],{"class":66},[615,80681,80683],{"id":80682},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[47,80685,80687],{"className":49,"code":80686,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[18,80688,80689,80709,80727,80731,80744],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80690,80691,80693,80695,80697,80699,80701,80703,80705,80707],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80692,3075],{"class":284},[56,80694,288],{"class":75},[56,80696,3080],{"class":66},[56,80698,1077],{"class":79},[56,80700,1080],{"class":66},[56,80702,1083],{"class":79},[56,80704,1080],{"class":66},[56,80706,529],{"class":79},[56,80708,3093],{"class":66},[56,80710,80711,80713,80715,80717,80719,80721,80723,80725],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,80712,299],{"class":284},[56,80714,288],{"class":75},[56,80716,79546],{"class":62},[56,80718,67],{"class":66},[56,80720,1540],{"class":989},[56,80722,1080],{"class":66},[56,80724,3731],{"class":237},[56,80726,241],{"class":66},[56,80728,80729],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,80730,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,80732,80733,80735,80737,80739,80742],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,80734,5434],{"class":3341},[56,80736,5437],{"class":284},[56,80738,3348],{"class":3341},[56,80740,80741],{"class":284}," result",[56,80743,5871],{"class":66},[56,80745,80746,80748,80750,80752],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,80747,7552],{"class":62},[56,80749,67],{"class":66},[56,80751,22814],{"class":237},[56,80753,241],{"class":66},[14,80755,130],{},[47,80757,80759],{"className":49,"code":80758,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"1\n2\n3\n",[18,80760,80761,80765,80769],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80762,80763],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80764,46435],{"class":79},[56,80766,80767],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,80768,16556],{"class":79},[56,80770,80771],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,80772,46135],{"class":79},[615,80774,80776],{"id":80775},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[14,80778,80779],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[47,80781,80783],{"className":49,"code":80782,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,80784,80785,80805,80823,80827,80841],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80786,80787,80789,80791,80793,80795,80797,80799,80801,80803],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80788,3075],{"class":284},[56,80790,288],{"class":75},[56,80792,3080],{"class":66},[56,80794,1077],{"class":79},[56,80796,1080],{"class":66},[56,80798,1083],{"class":79},[56,80800,1080],{"class":66},[56,80802,529],{"class":79},[56,80804,3093],{"class":66},[56,80806,80807,80809,80811,80813,80815,80817,80819,80821],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,80808,299],{"class":284},[56,80810,288],{"class":75},[56,80812,79546],{"class":62},[56,80814,67],{"class":66},[56,80816,1540],{"class":989},[56,80818,1080],{"class":66},[56,80820,3731],{"class":237},[56,80822,241],{"class":66},[56,80824,80825],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,80826,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,80828,80829,80831,80833,80835,80837,80839],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,80830,63],{"class":62},[56,80832,67],{"class":66},[56,80834,7577],{"class":989},[56,80836,67],{"class":66},[56,80838,338],{"class":237},[56,80840,83],{"class":66},[56,80842,80843,80845,80847,80849,80851,80853],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,80844,63],{"class":62},[56,80846,67],{"class":66},[56,80848,7577],{"class":989},[56,80850,67],{"class":66},[56,80852,338],{"class":237},[56,80854,83],{"class":66},[14,80856,130],{},[47,80858,80860],{"className":49,"code":80859,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[18,80861,80862,80890],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80863,80864,80866,80868,80870,80872,80874,80876,80878,80880,80882,80884,80886,80888],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80865,3366],{"class":66},[56,80867,1394],{"class":937},[56,80869,1077],{"class":941},[56,80871,1394],{"class":937},[56,80873,1080],{"class":66},[56,80875,1389],{"class":937},[56,80877,115],{"class":941},[56,80879,1394],{"class":937},[56,80881,1080],{"class":66},[56,80883,1389],{"class":937},[56,80885,121],{"class":941},[56,80887,1394],{"class":937},[56,80889,3093],{"class":66},[56,80891,80892],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,80893,37811],{"class":66},[14,80895,80896],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[14,80898,80899],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[47,80901,80903],{"className":49,"code":80902,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[18,80904,80905,80925,80947,80951,80961],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80906,80907,80909,80911,80913,80915,80917,80919,80921,80923],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80908,3075],{"class":284},[56,80910,288],{"class":75},[56,80912,3080],{"class":66},[56,80914,1077],{"class":79},[56,80916,1080],{"class":66},[56,80918,1083],{"class":79},[56,80920,1080],{"class":66},[56,80922,529],{"class":79},[56,80924,3093],{"class":66},[56,80926,80927,80929,80931,80933,80935,80937,80939,80941,80943,80945],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,80928,299],{"class":284},[56,80930,288],{"class":75},[56,80932,22063],{"class":989},[56,80934,67],{"class":66},[56,80936,39374],{"class":62},[56,80938,67],{"class":66},[56,80940,1540],{"class":989},[56,80942,1080],{"class":66},[56,80944,3731],{"class":237},[56,80946,83],{"class":66},[56,80948,80949],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,80950,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,80952,80953,80955,80957,80959],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,80954,63],{"class":62},[56,80956,67],{"class":66},[56,80958,338],{"class":237},[56,80960,241],{"class":66},[56,80962,80963,80965,80967,80969],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,80964,63],{"class":62},[56,80966,67],{"class":66},[56,80968,338],{"class":237},[56,80970,241],{"class":66},[14,80972,130],{},[47,80974,80976],{"className":49,"code":80975,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[18,80977,80978,81006],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,80979,80980,80982,80984,80986,80988,80990,80992,80994,80996,80998,81000,81002,81004],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,80981,3366],{"class":66},[56,80983,1394],{"class":937},[56,80985,1077],{"class":941},[56,80987,1394],{"class":937},[56,80989,1080],{"class":66},[56,80991,1389],{"class":937},[56,80993,115],{"class":941},[56,80995,1394],{"class":937},[56,80997,1080],{"class":66},[56,80999,1389],{"class":937},[56,81001,121],{"class":941},[56,81003,1394],{"class":937},[56,81005,3093],{"class":66},[56,81007,81008,81010,81012,81014,81016,81018,81020,81022,81024,81026,81028,81030,81032],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,81009,3366],{"class":66},[56,81011,1394],{"class":937},[56,81013,1077],{"class":941},[56,81015,1394],{"class":937},[56,81017,1080],{"class":66},[56,81019,1389],{"class":937},[56,81021,115],{"class":941},[56,81023,1394],{"class":937},[56,81025,1080],{"class":66},[56,81027,1389],{"class":937},[56,81029,121],{"class":941},[56,81031,1394],{"class":937},[56,81033,3093],{"class":66},[42,81035,4433,81037],{"id":81036},"when-to-use-map",[18,81038,39231],{},[14,81040,81041,81043],{},[18,81042,39231],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[14,81045,81046],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[26,81048,81049,81053,81057],{},[29,81050,81051],{},[18,81052,1540],{},[29,81054,81055],{},[18,81056,254],{},[29,81058,81059],{},[18,81060,70],{},[14,81062,274],{},[47,81064,81066],{"className":49,"code":81065,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,81067,81068,81100,81122,81126],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81069,81070,81072,81074,81076,81078,81080,81082,81084,81086,81088,81090,81092,81094,81096,81098],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81071,3286],{"class":284},[56,81073,288],{"class":75},[56,81075,3080],{"class":66},[56,81077,1394],{"class":937},[56,81079,1077],{"class":941},[56,81081,1394],{"class":937},[56,81083,1080],{"class":66},[56,81085,1389],{"class":937},[56,81087,115],{"class":941},[56,81089,1394],{"class":937},[56,81091,1080],{"class":66},[56,81093,1389],{"class":937},[56,81095,121],{"class":941},[56,81097,1394],{"class":937},[56,81099,3093],{"class":66},[56,81101,81102,81104,81106,81108,81110,81112,81114,81116,81118,81120],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,81103,3075],{"class":284},[56,81105,288],{"class":75},[56,81107,22063],{"class":989},[56,81109,67],{"class":66},[56,81111,39374],{"class":62},[56,81113,67],{"class":66},[56,81115,254],{"class":989},[56,81117,1080],{"class":66},[56,81119,3351],{"class":237},[56,81121,83],{"class":66},[56,81123,81124],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,81125,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,81127,81128,81130,81132,81134],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,81129,63],{"class":62},[56,81131,67],{"class":66},[56,81133,3107],{"class":237},[56,81135,241],{"class":66},[14,81137,130],{},[47,81139,81140],{"className":49,"code":54671,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,81141,81142],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81143,81144,81146,81148,81150,81152,81154,81156],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81145,3366],{"class":66},[56,81147,1077],{"class":79},[56,81149,1080],{"class":66},[56,81151,1083],{"class":79},[56,81153,1080],{"class":66},[56,81155,529],{"class":79},[56,81157,3093],{"class":66},[14,81159,81160],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[14,81162,81163],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[47,81165,81167],{"className":49,"code":81166,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[18,81168,81169,81189,81211],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81170,81171,81173,81175,81177,81179,81181,81183,81185,81187],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81172,3075],{"class":284},[56,81174,288],{"class":75},[56,81176,3080],{"class":66},[56,81178,1077],{"class":79},[56,81180,1080],{"class":66},[56,81182,1083],{"class":79},[56,81184,1080],{"class":66},[56,81186,529],{"class":79},[56,81188,3093],{"class":66},[56,81190,81191,81193,81195,81197,81199,81201,81203,81205,81207,81209],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,81192,299],{"class":284},[56,81194,288],{"class":75},[56,81196,22063],{"class":989},[56,81198,67],{"class":66},[56,81200,39374],{"class":62},[56,81202,67],{"class":66},[56,81204,1540],{"class":989},[56,81206,1080],{"class":66},[56,81208,3731],{"class":237},[56,81210,83],{"class":66},[56,81212,81213,81215,81217,81219],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,81214,63],{"class":62},[56,81216,67],{"class":66},[56,81218,338],{"class":237},[56,81220,241],{"class":66},[47,81222,81224],{"className":49,"code":81223,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[18,81225,81226,81246,81273],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81227,81228,81230,81232,81234,81236,81238,81240,81242,81244],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81229,3075],{"class":284},[56,81231,288],{"class":75},[56,81233,3080],{"class":66},[56,81235,1077],{"class":79},[56,81237,1080],{"class":66},[56,81239,1083],{"class":79},[56,81241,1080],{"class":66},[56,81243,529],{"class":79},[56,81245,3093],{"class":66},[56,81247,81248,81250,81252,81254,81256,81258,81260,81262,81264,81267,81269,81271],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,81249,299],{"class":284},[56,81251,288],{"class":75},[56,81253,3080],{"class":66},[56,81255,1540],{"class":989},[56,81257,67],{"class":66},[56,81259,75554],{"class":237},[56,81261,3120],{"class":66},[56,81263,3342],{"class":3341},[56,81265,81266],{"class":284}," n ",[56,81268,3348],{"class":3341},[56,81270,3731],{"class":284},[56,81272,3093],{"class":66},[56,81274,81275,81277,81279,81281],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,81276,63],{"class":62},[56,81278,67],{"class":66},[56,81280,338],{"class":237},[56,81282,241],{"class":66},[14,81284,81285],{},"Both produce:",[47,81287,81288],{"className":49,"code":80649,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,81289,81290],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81291,81292,81294,81296,81298,81300,81302,81304,81306,81308,81310,81312,81314,81316],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81293,3366],{"class":66},[56,81295,1394],{"class":937},[56,81297,1077],{"class":941},[56,81299,1394],{"class":937},[56,81301,1080],{"class":66},[56,81303,1389],{"class":937},[56,81305,115],{"class":941},[56,81307,1394],{"class":937},[56,81309,1080],{"class":66},[56,81311,1389],{"class":937},[56,81313,121],{"class":941},[56,81315,1394],{"class":937},[56,81317,3093],{"class":66},[14,81319,81320],{},"A simple rule:",[26,81322,81323,81328,81333],{},[29,81324,39505,81325,81327],{},[18,81326,39231],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[29,81329,39511,81330,81332],{},[18,81331,5434],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[29,81334,81335],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[14,81337,81338,81339,497],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[372,81340,3861],{"href":3860},[42,81342,3988],{"id":3987},[615,81344,81346,81347],{"id":81345},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[18,81348,24285],{},[14,81350,81351],{},"This is very common:",[47,81353,81354],{"className":49,"code":80499,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,81355,81356,81376,81394,81398],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81357,81358,81360,81362,81364,81366,81368,81370,81372,81374],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81359,3075],{"class":284},[56,81361,288],{"class":75},[56,81363,3080],{"class":66},[56,81365,1077],{"class":79},[56,81367,1080],{"class":66},[56,81369,1083],{"class":79},[56,81371,1080],{"class":66},[56,81373,529],{"class":79},[56,81375,3093],{"class":66},[56,81377,81378,81380,81382,81384,81386,81388,81390,81392],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,81379,299],{"class":284},[56,81381,288],{"class":75},[56,81383,79546],{"class":62},[56,81385,67],{"class":66},[56,81387,1540],{"class":989},[56,81389,1080],{"class":66},[56,81391,3731],{"class":237},[56,81393,241],{"class":66},[56,81395,81396],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,81397,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,81399,81400,81402,81404,81406],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,81401,63],{"class":62},[56,81403,67],{"class":66},[56,81405,338],{"class":237},[56,81407,241],{"class":66},[14,81409,81410],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[14,81412,38776],{},[47,81414,81416],{"className":49,"code":81415,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(result))\n",[18,81417,81418],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81419,81420,81422,81424,81426,81428,81430],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81421,63],{"class":62},[56,81423,67],{"class":66},[56,81425,7577],{"class":989},[56,81427,67],{"class":66},[56,81429,338],{"class":237},[56,81431,83],{"class":66},[615,81433,81435],{"id":81434},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[14,81437,16143],{},[47,81439,81441],{"className":49,"code":81440,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[18,81442,81443,81463],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81444,81445,81447,81449,81451,81453,81455,81457,81459,81461],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81446,3075],{"class":284},[56,81448,288],{"class":75},[56,81450,3080],{"class":66},[56,81452,1077],{"class":79},[56,81454,1080],{"class":66},[56,81456,1083],{"class":79},[56,81458,1080],{"class":66},[56,81460,529],{"class":79},[56,81462,3093],{"class":66},[56,81464,81465,81467,81469,81471,81473,81475,81478,81480],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,81466,299],{"class":284},[56,81468,288],{"class":75},[56,81470,79546],{"class":62},[56,81472,67],{"class":66},[56,81474,1540],{"class":989},[56,81476,81477],{"class":66},"(),",[56,81479,3731],{"class":237},[56,81481,241],{"class":66},[14,81483,81484,81485,81487,81488,81490],{},"This is wrong because ",[18,81486,47202],{}," is being called immediately. ",[18,81489,39231],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[14,81492,16155],{},[47,81494,81495],{"className":49,"code":80586,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,81496,81497,81517,81535,81539],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81498,81499,81501,81503,81505,81507,81509,81511,81513,81515],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81500,3075],{"class":284},[56,81502,288],{"class":75},[56,81504,3080],{"class":66},[56,81506,1077],{"class":79},[56,81508,1080],{"class":66},[56,81510,1083],{"class":79},[56,81512,1080],{"class":66},[56,81514,529],{"class":79},[56,81516,3093],{"class":66},[56,81518,81519,81521,81523,81525,81527,81529,81531,81533],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,81520,299],{"class":284},[56,81522,288],{"class":75},[56,81524,79546],{"class":62},[56,81526,67],{"class":66},[56,81528,1540],{"class":989},[56,81530,1080],{"class":66},[56,81532,3731],{"class":237},[56,81534,241],{"class":66},[56,81536,81537],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,81538,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,81540,81541,81543,81545,81547,81549,81551],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,81542,63],{"class":62},[56,81544,67],{"class":66},[56,81546,7577],{"class":989},[56,81548,67],{"class":66},[56,81550,338],{"class":237},[56,81552,83],{"class":66},[615,81554,81556],{"id":81555},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[14,81558,81559],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[14,81561,16143],{},[47,81563,81565],{"className":49,"code":81564,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,81566,81567,81584,81594,81598,81618,81637,81641],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81568,81569,81571,81574,81576,81578,81580,81582],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81570,34361],{"class":124},[56,81572,81573],{"class":34364}," add",[56,81575,67],{"class":66},[56,81577,372],{"class":37176},[56,81579,1080],{"class":66},[56,81581,640],{"class":37176},[56,81583,7826],{"class":66},[56,81585,81586,81588,81590,81592],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,81587,34372],{"class":3341},[56,81589,44062],{"class":284},[56,81591,118],{"class":75},[56,81593,35694],{"class":284},[56,81595,81596],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,81597,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,81599,81600,81602,81604,81606,81608,81610,81612,81614,81616],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,81601,3075],{"class":284},[56,81603,288],{"class":75},[56,81605,3080],{"class":66},[56,81607,1077],{"class":79},[56,81609,1080],{"class":66},[56,81611,1083],{"class":79},[56,81613,1080],{"class":66},[56,81615,529],{"class":79},[56,81617,3093],{"class":66},[56,81619,81620,81622,81624,81626,81628,81631,81633,81635],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,81621,299],{"class":284},[56,81623,288],{"class":75},[56,81625,79546],{"class":62},[56,81627,67],{"class":66},[56,81629,81630],{"class":237},"add",[56,81632,1080],{"class":66},[56,81634,3731],{"class":237},[56,81636,241],{"class":66},[56,81638,81639],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,81640,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,81642,81643,81645,81647,81649,81651,81653],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,81644,63],{"class":62},[56,81646,67],{"class":66},[56,81648,7577],{"class":989},[56,81650,67],{"class":66},[56,81652,338],{"class":237},[56,81654,83],{"class":66},[14,81656,16155],{},[47,81658,81660],{"className":49,"code":81659,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[18,81661,81662,81678,81688,81692,81712,81732,81754,81758],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81663,81664,81666,81668,81670,81672,81674,81676],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81665,34361],{"class":124},[56,81667,81573],{"class":34364},[56,81669,67],{"class":66},[56,81671,372],{"class":37176},[56,81673,1080],{"class":66},[56,81675,640],{"class":37176},[56,81677,7826],{"class":66},[56,81679,81680,81682,81684,81686],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,81681,34372],{"class":3341},[56,81683,44062],{"class":284},[56,81685,118],{"class":75},[56,81687,35694],{"class":284},[56,81689,81690],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,81691,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,81693,81694,81696,81698,81700,81702,81704,81706,81708,81710],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,81695,80182],{"class":284},[56,81697,288],{"class":75},[56,81699,3080],{"class":66},[56,81701,1077],{"class":79},[56,81703,1080],{"class":66},[56,81705,1083],{"class":79},[56,81707,1080],{"class":66},[56,81709,529],{"class":79},[56,81711,3093],{"class":66},[56,81713,81714,81716,81718,81720,81722,81724,81726,81728,81730],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,81715,80203],{"class":284},[56,81717,288],{"class":75},[56,81719,3080],{"class":66},[56,81721,406],{"class":79},[56,81723,1080],{"class":66},[56,81725,7272],{"class":79},[56,81727,1080],{"class":66},[56,81729,7277],{"class":79},[56,81731,3093],{"class":66},[56,81733,81734,81736,81738,81740,81742,81744,81746,81748,81750,81752],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,81735,299],{"class":284},[56,81737,288],{"class":75},[56,81739,79546],{"class":62},[56,81741,67],{"class":66},[56,81743,81630],{"class":237},[56,81745,1080],{"class":66},[56,81747,80241],{"class":237},[56,81749,1080],{"class":66},[56,81751,80246],{"class":237},[56,81753,241],{"class":66},[56,81755,81756],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,81757,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,81759,81760,81762,81764,81766,81768,81770],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,81761,63],{"class":62},[56,81763,67],{"class":66},[56,81765,7577],{"class":989},[56,81767,67],{"class":66},[56,81769,338],{"class":237},[56,81771,83],{"class":66},[615,81773,81775],{"id":81774},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[14,81777,16143],{},[47,81779,81780],{"className":49,"code":80782,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,81781,81782,81802,81820,81824,81838],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81783,81784,81786,81788,81790,81792,81794,81796,81798,81800],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81785,3075],{"class":284},[56,81787,288],{"class":75},[56,81789,3080],{"class":66},[56,81791,1077],{"class":79},[56,81793,1080],{"class":66},[56,81795,1083],{"class":79},[56,81797,1080],{"class":66},[56,81799,529],{"class":79},[56,81801,3093],{"class":66},[56,81803,81804,81806,81808,81810,81812,81814,81816,81818],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,81805,299],{"class":284},[56,81807,288],{"class":75},[56,81809,79546],{"class":62},[56,81811,67],{"class":66},[56,81813,1540],{"class":989},[56,81815,1080],{"class":66},[56,81817,3731],{"class":237},[56,81819,241],{"class":66},[56,81821,81822],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,81823,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,81825,81826,81828,81830,81832,81834,81836],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,81827,63],{"class":62},[56,81829,67],{"class":66},[56,81831,7577],{"class":989},[56,81833,67],{"class":66},[56,81835,338],{"class":237},[56,81837,83],{"class":66},[56,81839,81840,81842,81844,81846,81848,81850],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,81841,63],{"class":62},[56,81843,67],{"class":66},[56,81845,7577],{"class":989},[56,81847,67],{"class":66},[56,81849,338],{"class":237},[56,81851,83],{"class":66},[14,81853,81854],{},"The second result is empty.",[14,81856,81857],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[42,81859,67419],{"id":67418},[14,81861,8362,81862,81864],{},[18,81863,39231],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[47,81866,81868],{"className":49,"code":81867,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[18,81869,81870,81880,81894,81908,81920],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,81871,81872,81874,81876,81878],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,81873,63],{"class":62},[56,81875,67],{"class":66},[56,81877,338],{"class":237},[56,81879,241],{"class":66},[56,81881,81882,81884,81886,81888,81890,81892],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,81883,63],{"class":62},[56,81885,67],{"class":66},[56,81887,7577],{"class":989},[56,81889,67],{"class":66},[56,81891,338],{"class":237},[56,81893,83],{"class":66},[56,81895,81896,81898,81900,81902,81904,81906],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,81897,63],{"class":62},[56,81899,67],{"class":66},[56,81901,1314],{"class":989},[56,81903,67],{"class":66},[56,81905,338],{"class":237},[56,81907,83],{"class":66},[56,81909,81910,81912,81914,81916,81918],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,81911,5434],{"class":3341},[56,81913,5437],{"class":284},[56,81915,3348],{"class":3341},[56,81917,80741],{"class":284},[56,81919,5871],{"class":66},[56,81921,81922,81924,81926,81928],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,81923,7552],{"class":62},[56,81925,67],{"class":66},[56,81927,22814],{"class":237},[56,81929,241],{"class":66},[14,81931,12167],{},[26,81933,81934,81939,81944,81950],{},[29,81935,81936,81938],{},[18,81937,32535],{}," shows that you have a map object",[29,81940,81941,81943],{},[18,81942,32543],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[29,81945,81946,81949],{},[18,81947,81948],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[29,81951,81952,81953,81955],{},"looping over ",[18,81954,338],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[14,81957,81958,81959,81962,81963,81965],{},"Be careful: ",[18,81960,81961],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[18,81964,5434],{}," loop consume the map object.",[42,81967,1553],{"id":1552},[615,81969,12199,81971,81973],{"id":81970},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[18,81972,39231],{}," return a list in Python?",[14,81975,81976,81977,81979,81980,23442],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[18,81978,39231],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[18,81981,81982],{},"list(map(...))",[615,81984,14401,81986,81988,81989,81991],{"id":81985},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[18,81987,39231],{}," better than a ",[18,81990,5434],{}," loop?",[14,81993,81994,81995,81997,81998,82000],{},"Not always. ",[18,81996,39231],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[18,81999,5434],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[615,82002,4643,82004,82006],{"id":82003},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[18,82005,39231],{}," use more than one list?",[14,82008,82009],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[615,82011,82013],{"id":82012},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[14,82015,82016],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[42,82018,1601],{"id":1600},[26,82020,82021,82027,82033,82037,82041],{},[29,82022,82023],{},[372,82024,3031,82025,1610],{"href":39600},[18,82026,37089],{},[29,82028,82029],{},[372,82030,3031,82031,1610],{"href":64371},[18,82032,24285],{},[29,82034,82035],{},[372,82036,4695],{"href":4604},[29,82038,82039],{},[372,82040,4700],{"href":3860},[29,82042,82043],{},[372,82044,4690],{"href":4608},[1633,82046,82047],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":82049},[82050,82051,82053,82054,82055,82057,82062,82069,82071,82078,82079,82088],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":79625,"depth":86,"text":82052},"What map() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":10967,"depth":86,"text":10968},{"id":79944,"depth":86,"text":82056},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80128,"depth":86,"text":82058,"children":82059},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82060],{"id":80316,"depth":102,"text":82061},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80473,"depth":86,"text":82063,"children":82064},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82065,82067,82068],{"id":80491,"depth":102,"text":82066},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80682,"depth":102,"text":80683},{"id":80775,"depth":102,"text":80776},{"id":81036,"depth":86,"text":82070},"When to use map()",{"id":3987,"depth":86,"text":3988,"children":82072},[82073,82075,82076,82077],{"id":81345,"depth":102,"text":82074},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81434,"depth":102,"text":81435},{"id":81555,"depth":102,"text":81556},{"id":81774,"depth":102,"text":81775},{"id":67418,"depth":86,"text":67419},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":82080},[82081,82083,82085,82087],{"id":81970,"depth":102,"text":82082},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":81985,"depth":102,"text":82084},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82003,"depth":102,"text":82086},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82012,"depth":102,"text":82013},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79457,"description":82089},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82096,"title":82097,"body":82098,"description":84118,"extension":1665,"meta":84119,"navigation":316,"path":84120,"seo":84121,"stem":84122,"__hash__":84123},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82099,"toc":84076},[82100,82106,82111,82114,82122,82125,82127,82251,82253,82271,82273,82293,82298,82302,82316,82319,82322,82324,82329,82441,82444,82462,82468,82471,82533,82535,82544,82547,82561,82563,82611,82613,82622,82632,82638,82641,82668,82670,82678,82681,82684,82754,82756,82764,82767,82772,82777,82828,82830,82838,82841,82843,82860,82862,82914,82917,82923,82927,82932,82935,82939,82998,83000,83009,83015,83024,83028,83091,83093,83101,83106,83110,83115,83195,83197,83206,83213,83218,83223,83226,83261,83263,83271,83274,83280,83282,83332,83334,83343,83346,83364,83366,83371,83377,83384,83411,83413,83436,83441,83476,83481,83487,83492,83535,83538,83541,83580,83587,83593,83598,83613,83617,83624,83627,83631,83636,83640,83645,83647,83708,83710,83739,83744,83751,83760,83762,83765,83790,83792,83895,83898,83916,83925,83927,83932,83935,83941,83944,83946,83956,83962,83966,84024,84031,84039,84041,84073],[10,82101,3031,82103,3035],{"id":82102},"python-max-function-explained",[18,82104,82105],{},"max()",[14,82107,8610,82108,82110],{},[18,82109,82105],{}," function returns the largest item.",[14,82112,82113],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[26,82115,82116,82119],{},[29,82117,82118],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[29,82120,82121],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[14,82123,82124],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[42,82126,45],{"id":44},[47,82128,82130],{"className":49,"code":82129,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,82131,82132,82156,82171,82175,82201,82205,82237],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82133,82134,82136,82138,82140,82142,82144,82146,82148,82150,82152,82154],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82135,3075],{"class":284},[56,82137,288],{"class":75},[56,82139,3080],{"class":66},[56,82141,121],{"class":79},[56,82143,1080],{"class":66},[56,82145,5837],{"class":79},[56,82147,1080],{"class":66},[56,82149,1083],{"class":79},[56,82151,1080],{"class":66},[56,82153,4075],{"class":79},[56,82155,3093],{"class":66},[56,82157,82158,82160,82162,82165,82167,82169],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,82159,63],{"class":62},[56,82161,67],{"class":66},[56,82163,82164],{"class":62},"max",[56,82166,67],{"class":66},[56,82168,3107],{"class":237},[56,82170,83],{"class":66},[56,82172,82173],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,82174,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,82176,82177,82179,82181,82183,82185,82187,82189,82191,82193,82195,82197,82199],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,82178,63],{"class":62},[56,82180,67],{"class":66},[56,82182,82164],{"class":62},[56,82184,67],{"class":66},[56,82186,121],{"class":79},[56,82188,1080],{"class":66},[56,82190,5837],{"class":79},[56,82192,1080],{"class":66},[56,82194,1083],{"class":79},[56,82196,1080],{"class":66},[56,82198,4075],{"class":79},[56,82200,83],{"class":66},[56,82202,82203],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,82204,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,82206,82207,82209,82211,82213,82215,82217,82219,82221,82223,82225,82227,82229,82231,82233,82235],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,82208,3537],{"class":284},[56,82210,288],{"class":75},[56,82212,3080],{"class":66},[56,82214,938],{"class":937},[56,82216,3546],{"class":941},[56,82218,938],{"class":937},[56,82220,1080],{"class":66},[56,82222,1448],{"class":937},[56,82224,3555],{"class":941},[56,82226,938],{"class":937},[56,82228,1080],{"class":66},[56,82230,1448],{"class":937},[56,82232,78268],{"class":941},[56,82234,938],{"class":937},[56,82236,3093],{"class":66},[56,82238,82239,82241,82243,82245,82247,82249],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,82240,63],{"class":62},[56,82242,67],{"class":66},[56,82244,82164],{"class":62},[56,82246,67],{"class":66},[56,82248,3581],{"class":237},[56,82250,83],{"class":66},[14,82252,130],{},[47,82254,82256],{"className":49,"code":82255,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"8\n8\npear\n",[18,82257,82258,82262,82266],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82259,82260],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82261,457],{"class":79},[56,82263,82264],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,82265,457],{"class":79},[56,82267,82268],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,82269,82270],{"class":284},"pear\n",[14,82272,19459],{},[26,82274,82275,82281,82287],{},[29,82276,82277,82280],{},[18,82278,82279],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[29,82282,82283,82286],{},[18,82284,82285],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[29,82288,82289,82292],{},[18,82290,82291],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[42,82294,3138,82296,3141],{"id":82295},"what-max-does",[18,82297,82105],{},[14,82299,82300,971],{},[18,82301,82105],{},[26,82303,82304,82307,82310,82313],{},[29,82305,82306],{},"Returns the largest item",[29,82308,82309],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[29,82311,82312],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[29,82314,82315],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[14,82317,82318],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[14,82320,82321],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[42,82323,220],{"id":219},[14,82325,82326,82327,971],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[18,82328,82105],{},[47,82330,82332],{"className":49,"code":82331,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[18,82333,82334,82344,82368,82390,82413],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82335,82336,82338,82340,82342],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82337,82164],{"class":62},[56,82339,67],{"class":66},[56,82341,3182],{"class":237},[56,82343,241],{"class":66},[56,82345,82346,82348,82350,82352,82354,82357,82359,82361,82363,82366],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,82347,82164],{"class":62},[56,82349,67],{"class":66},[56,82351,3182],{"class":237},[56,82353,1080],{"class":66},[56,82355,82356],{"class":75}," *",[56,82358,1080],{"class":66},[56,82360,21082],{"class":8663},[56,82362,288],{"class":75},[56,82364,82365],{"class":237},"func",[56,82367,241],{"class":66},[56,82369,82370,82372,82374,82376,82378,82380,82382,82384,82386,82388],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,82371,82164],{"class":62},[56,82373,67],{"class":66},[56,82375,3182],{"class":237},[56,82377,1080],{"class":66},[56,82379,82356],{"class":75},[56,82381,1080],{"class":66},[56,82383,26028],{"class":8663},[56,82385,288],{"class":75},[56,82387,551],{"class":237},[56,82389,241],{"class":66},[56,82391,82392,82394,82396,82399,82401,82404,82406,82408,82411],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,82393,82164],{"class":62},[56,82395,67],{"class":66},[56,82397,82398],{"class":237},"arg1",[56,82400,1080],{"class":66},[56,82402,82403],{"class":237}," arg2",[56,82405,1080],{"class":66},[56,82407,82356],{"class":75},[56,82409,82410],{"class":237},"args",[56,82412,241],{"class":66},[56,82414,82415,82417,82419,82421,82423,82425,82427,82429,82431,82433,82435,82437,82439],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,82416,82164],{"class":62},[56,82418,67],{"class":66},[56,82420,82398],{"class":237},[56,82422,1080],{"class":66},[56,82424,82403],{"class":237},[56,82426,1080],{"class":66},[56,82428,82356],{"class":75},[56,82430,82410],{"class":237},[56,82432,1080],{"class":66},[56,82434,21082],{"class":8663},[56,82436,288],{"class":75},[56,82438,82365],{"class":237},[56,82440,241],{"class":66},[14,82442,82443],{},"The most important parts are:",[26,82445,82446,82451,82456],{},[29,82447,82448,82450],{},[18,82449,3182],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[29,82452,82453,82455],{},[18,82454,14339],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[29,82457,82458,82461],{},[18,82459,82460],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[42,82463,7902,82465,82467],{"id":82464},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[18,82466,82105],{}," with a list of numbers",[14,82469,82470],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[47,82472,82474],{"className":49,"code":82473,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[18,82475,82476,82502,82518,82522],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82477,82478,82480,82482,82484,82487,82489,82491,82493,82495,82497,82500],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82479,4536],{"class":284},[56,82481,288],{"class":75},[56,82483,3080],{"class":66},[56,82485,82486],{"class":79},"72",[56,82488,1080],{"class":66},[56,82490,51030],{"class":79},[56,82492,1080],{"class":66},[56,82494,13004],{"class":79},[56,82496,1080],{"class":66},[56,82498,82499],{"class":79}," 66",[56,82501,3093],{"class":66},[56,82503,82504,82507,82509,82512,82514,82516],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,82505,82506],{"class":284},"highest_score ",[56,82508,288],{"class":75},[56,82510,82511],{"class":62}," max",[56,82513,67],{"class":66},[56,82515,15888],{"class":237},[56,82517,241],{"class":66},[56,82519,82520],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,82521,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,82523,82524,82526,82528,82531],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,82525,63],{"class":62},[56,82527,67],{"class":66},[56,82529,82530],{"class":237},"highest_score",[56,82532,241],{"class":66},[14,82534,130],{},[47,82536,82538],{"className":49,"code":82537,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"91\n",[18,82539,82540],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82541,82542],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82543,82537],{"class":79},[14,82545,82546],{},"This works well for:",[26,82548,82549,82552,82555,82558],{},[29,82550,82551],{},"Scores",[29,82553,82554],{},"Prices",[29,82556,82557],{},"Ages",[29,82559,82560],{},"Counts",[14,82562,51600],{},[47,82564,82566],{"className":49,"code":82565,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[18,82567,82568,82596],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82569,82570,82573,82575,82577,82579,82581,82584,82586,82589,82591,82594],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82571,82572],{"class":284},"prices ",[56,82574,288],{"class":75},[56,82576,3080],{"class":66},[56,82578,39913],{"class":79},[56,82580,1080],{"class":66},[56,82582,82583],{"class":79}," 5.50",[56,82585,1080],{"class":66},[56,82587,82588],{"class":79}," 12.75",[56,82590,1080],{"class":66},[56,82592,82593],{"class":79}," 29.00",[56,82595,3093],{"class":66},[56,82597,82598,82600,82602,82604,82606,82609],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,82599,63],{"class":62},[56,82601,67],{"class":66},[56,82603,82164],{"class":62},[56,82605,67],{"class":66},[56,82607,82608],{"class":237},"prices",[56,82610,83],{"class":66},[14,82612,130],{},[47,82614,82616],{"className":49,"code":82615,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"29.0\n",[18,82617,82618],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82619,82620],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82621,82615],{"class":79},[14,82623,82624,82625,82627,82628,497],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[18,82626,82105],{}," is simpler than ",[372,82629,82630],{"href":74045},[18,82631,73948],{},[42,82633,7902,82635,82637],{"id":82634},"using-max-with-separate-values",[18,82636,82105],{}," with separate values",[14,82639,82640],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[47,82642,82644],{"className":49,"code":82643,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[18,82645,82646],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82647,82648,82650,82652,82654,82656,82658,82660,82662,82664,82666],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82649,63],{"class":62},[56,82651,67],{"class":66},[56,82653,82164],{"class":62},[56,82655,67],{"class":66},[56,82657,584],{"class":79},[56,82659,1080],{"class":66},[56,82661,30450],{"class":79},[56,82663,1080],{"class":66},[56,82665,5470],{"class":79},[56,82667,83],{"class":66},[14,82669,130],{},[47,82671,82672],{"className":49,"code":294,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,82673,82674],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82675,82676],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82677,294],{"class":79},[14,82679,82680],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[14,82682,82683],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[47,82685,82687],{"className":49,"code":82686,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[18,82688,82689,82698,82706,82716,82720,82743],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82690,82691,82693,82695],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82692,635],{"class":284},[56,82694,288],{"class":75},[56,82696,82697],{"class":79}," 15\n",[56,82699,82700,82702,82704],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,82701,663],{"class":284},[56,82703,288],{"class":75},[56,82705,850],{"class":79},[56,82707,82708,82711,82713],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,82709,82710],{"class":284},"c ",[56,82712,288],{"class":75},[56,82714,82715],{"class":79}," 27\n",[56,82717,82718],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,82719,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,82721,82722,82725,82727,82729,82731,82733,82735,82737,82739,82741],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,82723,82724],{"class":284},"largest ",[56,82726,288],{"class":75},[56,82728,82511],{"class":62},[56,82730,67],{"class":66},[56,82732,372],{"class":237},[56,82734,1080],{"class":66},[56,82736,640],{"class":237},[56,82738,1080],{"class":66},[56,82740,9170],{"class":237},[56,82742,241],{"class":66},[56,82744,82745,82747,82749,82752],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,82746,63],{"class":62},[56,82748,67],{"class":66},[56,82750,82751],{"class":237},"largest",[56,82753,241],{"class":66},[14,82755,130],{},[47,82757,82758],{"className":49,"code":46130,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,82759,82760],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82761,82762],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82763,46130],{"class":79},[14,82765,82766],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[42,82768,7902,82770,46577],{"id":82769},"using-max-with-strings",[18,82771,82105],{},[14,82773,82774,82776],{},[18,82775,82105],{}," can compare strings too.",[47,82778,82780],{"className":49,"code":82779,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,82781,82782,82814],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82783,82784,82786,82788,82790,82792,82794,82796,82798,82800,82802,82804,82806,82808,82810,82812],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82785,3537],{"class":284},[56,82787,288],{"class":75},[56,82789,3080],{"class":66},[56,82791,938],{"class":937},[56,82793,3546],{"class":941},[56,82795,938],{"class":937},[56,82797,1080],{"class":66},[56,82799,1448],{"class":937},[56,82801,3555],{"class":941},[56,82803,938],{"class":937},[56,82805,1080],{"class":66},[56,82807,1448],{"class":937},[56,82809,78268],{"class":941},[56,82811,938],{"class":937},[56,82813,3093],{"class":66},[56,82815,82816,82818,82820,82822,82824,82826],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,82817,63],{"class":62},[56,82819,67],{"class":66},[56,82821,82164],{"class":62},[56,82823,67],{"class":66},[56,82825,3581],{"class":237},[56,82827,83],{"class":66},[14,82829,130],{},[47,82831,82832],{"className":49,"code":82270,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,82833,82834],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82835,82836],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82837,82270],{"class":284},[14,82839,82840],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[14,82842,67807],{},[26,82844,82845,82854,82857],{},[29,82846,82847,82850,82851,82853],{},[18,82848,82849],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[18,82852,64798],{}," alphabetically",[29,82855,82856],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[29,82858,82859],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[14,82861,274],{},[47,82863,82865],{"className":49,"code":82864,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[18,82866,82867,82900],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82868,82869,82871,82873,82875,82877,82879,82881,82883,82885,82888,82890,82892,82894,82896,82898],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82870,3537],{"class":284},[56,82872,288],{"class":75},[56,82874,3080],{"class":66},[56,82876,938],{"class":937},[56,82878,3546],{"class":941},[56,82880,938],{"class":937},[56,82882,1080],{"class":66},[56,82884,1448],{"class":937},[56,82886,82887],{"class":941},"Banana",[56,82889,938],{"class":937},[56,82891,1080],{"class":66},[56,82893,1448],{"class":937},[56,82895,78268],{"class":941},[56,82897,938],{"class":937},[56,82899,3093],{"class":66},[56,82901,82902,82904,82906,82908,82910,82912],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,82903,63],{"class":62},[56,82905,67],{"class":66},[56,82907,82164],{"class":62},[56,82909,67],{"class":66},[56,82911,3581],{"class":237},[56,82913,83],{"class":66},[14,82915,82916],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[14,82918,82919,82920,82922],{},"You can fix that with the ",[18,82921,14339],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[42,82924,36125,82925,36128],{"id":78226},[18,82926,14339],{},[14,82928,16,82929,82931],{},[18,82930,14339],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[14,82933,82934],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[615,82936,82938],{"id":82937},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[47,82940,82942],{"className":49,"code":82941,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[18,82943,82944,82976],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,82945,82946,82948,82950,82952,82954,82956,82958,82960,82962,82964,82966,82968,82970,82972,82974],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,82947,3537],{"class":284},[56,82949,288],{"class":75},[56,82951,3080],{"class":66},[56,82953,938],{"class":937},[56,82955,36560],{"class":941},[56,82957,938],{"class":937},[56,82959,1080],{"class":66},[56,82961,1448],{"class":937},[56,82963,67850],{"class":941},[56,82965,938],{"class":937},[56,82967,1080],{"class":66},[56,82969,1448],{"class":937},[56,82971,57649],{"class":941},[56,82973,938],{"class":937},[56,82975,3093],{"class":66},[56,82977,82978,82980,82982,82984,82986,82988,82990,82992,82994,82996],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,82979,63],{"class":62},[56,82981,67],{"class":66},[56,82983,82164],{"class":62},[56,82985,67],{"class":66},[56,82987,3581],{"class":237},[56,82989,1080],{"class":66},[56,82991,21082],{"class":8663},[56,82993,288],{"class":75},[56,82995,10653],{"class":62},[56,82997,83],{"class":66},[14,82999,130],{},[47,83001,83003],{"className":49,"code":83002,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"elephant\n",[18,83004,83005],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83006,83007],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83008,83002],{"class":284},[14,83010,20273,83011,83014],{},[18,83012,83013],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[14,83016,83017,83018,33137,83020,497],{},"If you are new to ",[18,83019,41877],{},[372,83021,83022,5259],{"href":41874},[18,83023,41877],{},[615,83025,83027],{"id":83026},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[47,83029,83031],{"className":49,"code":83030,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[18,83032,83033,83065],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83034,83035,83037,83039,83041,83043,83045,83047,83049,83051,83053,83055,83057,83059,83061,83063],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83036,3537],{"class":284},[56,83038,288],{"class":75},[56,83040,3080],{"class":66},[56,83042,938],{"class":937},[56,83044,3546],{"class":941},[56,83046,938],{"class":937},[56,83048,1080],{"class":66},[56,83050,1448],{"class":937},[56,83052,82887],{"class":941},[56,83054,938],{"class":937},[56,83056,1080],{"class":66},[56,83058,1448],{"class":937},[56,83060,78268],{"class":941},[56,83062,938],{"class":937},[56,83064,3093],{"class":66},[56,83066,83067,83069,83071,83073,83075,83077,83079,83081,83083,83085,83087,83089],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,83068,63],{"class":62},[56,83070,67],{"class":66},[56,83072,82164],{"class":62},[56,83074,67],{"class":66},[56,83076,3581],{"class":237},[56,83078,1080],{"class":66},[56,83080,21082],{"class":8663},[56,83082,288],{"class":75},[56,83084,1540],{"class":989},[56,83086,497],{"class":66},[56,83088,8126],{"class":24254},[56,83090,83],{"class":66},[14,83092,130],{},[47,83094,83095],{"className":49,"code":82270,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,83096,83097],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83098,83099],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83100,82270],{"class":284},[14,83102,20273,83103,83105],{},[18,83104,78222],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[615,83107,83109],{"id":83108},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[14,83111,83112,83113,971],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[18,83114,37173],{},[47,83116,83118],{"className":49,"code":83117,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[18,83119,83120,83163],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83121,83122,83124,83126,83128,83130,83132,83134,83136,83138,83141,83143,83145,83147,83150,83152,83154,83156,83159,83161],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83123,7261],{"class":284},[56,83125,288],{"class":75},[56,83127,3080],{"class":66},[56,83129,938],{"class":937},[56,83131,372],{"class":941},[56,83133,938],{"class":937},[56,83135,1080],{"class":66},[56,83137,1448],{"class":937},[56,83139,83140],{"class":941},"bb",[56,83142,938],{"class":937},[56,83144,1080],{"class":66},[56,83146,1448],{"class":937},[56,83148,83149],{"class":941},"cccc",[56,83151,938],{"class":937},[56,83153,1080],{"class":66},[56,83155,1448],{"class":937},[56,83157,83158],{"class":941},"ddd",[56,83160,938],{"class":937},[56,83162,3093],{"class":66},[56,83164,83165,83167,83169,83171,83173,83175,83177,83179,83181,83183,83185,83187,83189,83191,83193],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,83166,63],{"class":62},[56,83168,67],{"class":66},[56,83170,82164],{"class":62},[56,83172,67],{"class":66},[56,83174,7292],{"class":237},[56,83176,1080],{"class":66},[56,83178,21082],{"class":8663},[56,83180,288],{"class":75},[56,83182,37173],{"class":124},[56,83184,42358],{"class":37176},[56,83186,971],{"class":66},[56,83188,37900],{"class":62},[56,83190,67],{"class":66},[56,83192,34218],{"class":237},[56,83194,1000],{"class":66},[14,83196,130],{},[47,83198,83200],{"className":49,"code":83199,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"cccc\n",[18,83201,83202],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83203,83204],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83205,83199],{"class":284},[14,83207,49069,83208,3862,83210,83212],{},[18,83209,83013],{},[18,83211,78109],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[42,83214,36125,83216,36128],{"id":83215},"using-the-default-argument",[18,83217,82460],{},[14,83219,16,83220,83222],{},[18,83221,82460],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[14,83224,83225],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[47,83227,83229],{"className":49,"code":83228,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[18,83230,83231,83239],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83232,83233,83235,83237],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83234,3075],{"class":284},[56,83236,288],{"class":75},[56,83238,7321],{"class":66},[56,83240,83241,83243,83245,83247,83249,83251,83253,83255,83257,83259],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,83242,63],{"class":62},[56,83244,67],{"class":66},[56,83246,82164],{"class":62},[56,83248,67],{"class":66},[56,83250,3107],{"class":237},[56,83252,1080],{"class":66},[56,83254,26028],{"class":8663},[56,83256,288],{"class":75},[56,83258,181],{"class":79},[56,83260,83],{"class":66},[14,83262,130],{},[47,83264,83265],{"className":49,"code":46770,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,83266,83267],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83268,83269],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83270,46770],{"class":79},[14,83272,83273],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[14,83275,83276,83277,83279],{},"Without ",[18,83278,82460],{},", this would raise an error.",[14,83281,51600],{},[47,83283,83285],{"className":49,"code":83284,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,83286,83287,83295,83322],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83288,83289,83291,83293],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83290,3537],{"class":284},[56,83292,288],{"class":75},[56,83294,7321],{"class":66},[56,83296,83297,83299,83301,83303,83305,83307,83309,83311,83313,83315,83318,83320],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,83298,299],{"class":284},[56,83300,288],{"class":75},[56,83302,82511],{"class":62},[56,83304,67],{"class":66},[56,83306,3581],{"class":237},[56,83308,1080],{"class":66},[56,83310,26028],{"class":8663},[56,83312,288],{"class":75},[56,83314,938],{"class":937},[56,83316,83317],{"class":941},"no words found",[56,83319,938],{"class":937},[56,83321,241],{"class":66},[56,83323,83324,83326,83328,83330],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,83325,63],{"class":62},[56,83327,67],{"class":66},[56,83329,338],{"class":237},[56,83331,241],{"class":66},[14,83333,130],{},[47,83335,83337],{"className":49,"code":83336,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"no words found\n",[18,83338,83339],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83340,83341],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83342,83336],{"class":284},[14,83344,83345],{},"Important:",[26,83347,83348,83356],{},[29,83349,83350,83352,83353],{},[18,83351,82460],{}," works with ",[18,83354,83355],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[29,83357,40421,83358,83360,83361],{},[3205,83359,4101],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[18,83362,83363],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[42,83365,47505],{"id":47504},[14,83367,83368,83369,497],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[18,83370,82105],{},[615,83372,83374,83376],{"id":83373},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[18,83375,40219],{}," with an empty iterable",[14,83378,83379,83380,45426,83382,497],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[18,83381,82460],{},[18,83383,40219],{},[47,83385,83387],{"className":49,"code":83386,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[18,83388,83389,83397],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83390,83391,83393,83395],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83392,3075],{"class":284},[56,83394,288],{"class":75},[56,83396,7321],{"class":66},[56,83398,83399,83401,83403,83405,83407,83409],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,83400,63],{"class":62},[56,83402,67],{"class":66},[56,83404,82164],{"class":62},[56,83406,67],{"class":66},[56,83408,3107],{"class":237},[56,83410,83],{"class":66},[14,83412,29187],{},[47,83414,83416],{"className":49,"code":83415,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[18,83417,83418],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83419,83420,83422,83424,83426,83428,83431,83433],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83421,40219],{"class":989},[56,83423,971],{"class":66},[56,83425,82511],{"class":62},[56,83427,6846],{"class":66},[56,83429,83430],{"class":284}," arg ",[56,83432,11688],{"class":75},[56,83434,83435],{"class":284}," an empty sequence\n",[14,83437,83438,83439,971],{},"Fix it by using ",[18,83440,82460],{},[47,83442,83444],{"className":49,"code":83443,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[18,83445,83446,83454],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83447,83448,83450,83452],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83449,3075],{"class":284},[56,83451,288],{"class":75},[56,83453,7321],{"class":66},[56,83455,83456,83458,83460,83462,83464,83466,83468,83470,83472,83474],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,83457,63],{"class":62},[56,83459,67],{"class":66},[56,83461,82164],{"class":62},[56,83463,67],{"class":66},[56,83465,3107],{"class":237},[56,83467,1080],{"class":66},[56,83469,26028],{"class":8663},[56,83471,288],{"class":75},[56,83473,3241],{"class":3316},[56,83475,83],{"class":66},[14,83477,83478,83479,497],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[372,83480,65363],{"href":72402},[615,83482,83484,83486],{"id":83483},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[18,83485,1096],{}," when items cannot be compared",[14,83488,83489,83490,497],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[18,83491,1096],{},[47,83493,83495],{"className":49,"code":83494,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[18,83496,83497,83521],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83498,83499,83501,83503,83505,83507,83509,83511,83513,83515,83517,83519],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83500,7261],{"class":284},[56,83502,288],{"class":75},[56,83504,3080],{"class":66},[56,83506,406],{"class":79},[56,83508,1080],{"class":66},[56,83510,1448],{"class":937},[56,83512,15253],{"class":941},[56,83514,938],{"class":937},[56,83516,1080],{"class":66},[56,83518,7277],{"class":79},[56,83520,3093],{"class":66},[56,83522,83523,83525,83527,83529,83531,83533],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,83524,63],{"class":62},[56,83526,67],{"class":66},[56,83528,82164],{"class":62},[56,83530,67],{"class":66},[56,83532,7292],{"class":237},[56,83534,83],{"class":66},[14,83536,83537],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[14,83539,83540],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[47,83542,83544],{"className":49,"code":83543,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[18,83545,83546,83566],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83547,83548,83550,83552,83554,83556,83558,83560,83562,83564],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83549,7261],{"class":284},[56,83551,288],{"class":75},[56,83553,3080],{"class":66},[56,83555,406],{"class":79},[56,83557,1080],{"class":66},[56,83559,7272],{"class":79},[56,83561,1080],{"class":66},[56,83563,7277],{"class":79},[56,83565,3093],{"class":66},[56,83567,83568,83570,83572,83574,83576,83578],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,83569,63],{"class":62},[56,83571,67],{"class":66},[56,83573,82164],{"class":62},[56,83575,67],{"class":66},[56,83577,7292],{"class":237},[56,83579,83],{"class":66},[14,83581,83582,83583,497],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[372,83584,83586],{"href":83585},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[615,83588,83590,83592],{"id":83589},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[18,83591,1096],{}," when called with no arguments",[14,83594,83595,83597],{},[18,83596,82105],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[47,83599,83601],{"className":49,"code":83600,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(max())\n",[18,83602,83603],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83604,83605,83607,83609,83611],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83606,63],{"class":62},[56,83608,67],{"class":66},[56,83610,82164],{"class":62},[56,83612,6674],{"class":66},[14,83614,1093,83615,497],{},[18,83616,1096],{},[42,83618,83620,10075,83622],{"id":83619},"max-vs-sorted",[18,83621,82105],{},[18,83623,73948],{},[14,83625,83626],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[14,83628,83629,971],{},[18,83630,82105],{},[26,83632,83633],{},[29,83634,83635],{},"Returns one largest item",[14,83637,83638,971],{},[18,83639,73948],{},[26,83641,83642],{},[29,83643,83644],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[14,83646,274],{},[47,83648,83650],{"className":49,"code":83649,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[18,83651,83652,83676,83680,83694],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83653,83654,83656,83658,83660,83662,83664,83666,83668,83670,83672,83674],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83655,3075],{"class":284},[56,83657,288],{"class":75},[56,83659,3080],{"class":66},[56,83661,121],{"class":79},[56,83663,1080],{"class":66},[56,83665,5837],{"class":79},[56,83667,1080],{"class":66},[56,83669,1083],{"class":79},[56,83671,1080],{"class":66},[56,83673,4075],{"class":79},[56,83675,3093],{"class":66},[56,83677,83678],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,83679,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,83681,83682,83684,83686,83688,83690,83692],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,83683,63],{"class":62},[56,83685,67],{"class":66},[56,83687,82164],{"class":62},[56,83689,67],{"class":66},[56,83691,3107],{"class":237},[56,83693,83],{"class":66},[56,83695,83696,83698,83700,83702,83704,83706],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,83697,63],{"class":62},[56,83699,67],{"class":66},[56,83701,74038],{"class":62},[56,83703,67],{"class":66},[56,83705,3107],{"class":237},[56,83707,83],{"class":66},[14,83709,130],{},[47,83711,83713],{"className":49,"code":83712,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[18,83714,83715,83719],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83716,83717],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83718,457],{"class":79},[56,83720,83721,83723,83725,83727,83729,83731,83733,83735,83737],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,83722,3366],{"class":66},[56,83724,115],{"class":79},[56,83726,1080],{"class":66},[56,83728,529],{"class":79},[56,83730,1080],{"class":66},[56,83732,4075],{"class":79},[56,83734,1080],{"class":66},[56,83736,5837],{"class":79},[56,83738,3093],{"class":66},[14,83740,153,83741,83743],{},[18,83742,82105],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[14,83745,153,83746,83750],{},[372,83747,83748],{"href":74045},[18,83749,73948],{}," when you need all items in order.",[14,83752,83753,83754,497],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[372,83755,83757],{"href":83756},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[18,83758,83759],{},"min()",[42,83761,912],{"id":911},[14,83763,83764],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[26,83766,83767,83774,83777,83782,83785],{},[29,83768,29156,83769,83771,83772],{},[18,83770,82105],{}," on an empty list without ",[18,83773,82460],{},[29,83775,83776],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[29,83778,7938,83779,83781],{},[18,83780,82105],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[29,83783,83784],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[29,83786,7902,83787,83789],{},[18,83788,82460],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[14,83791,10604],{},[47,83793,83795],{"className":49,"code":83794,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[18,83796,83797,83807,83821,83835,83849,83871],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83798,83799,83801,83803,83805],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83800,63],{"class":62},[56,83802,67],{"class":66},[56,83804,7292],{"class":237},[56,83806,241],{"class":66},[56,83808,83809,83811,83813,83815,83817,83819],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,83810,63],{"class":62},[56,83812,67],{"class":66},[56,83814,1314],{"class":989},[56,83816,67],{"class":66},[56,83818,7292],{"class":237},[56,83820,83],{"class":66},[56,83822,83823,83825,83827,83829,83831,83833],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,83824,63],{"class":62},[56,83826,67],{"class":66},[56,83828,10653],{"class":62},[56,83830,67],{"class":66},[56,83832,7292],{"class":237},[56,83834,83],{"class":66},[56,83836,83837,83839,83841,83843,83845,83847],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,83838,63],{"class":62},[56,83840,67],{"class":66},[56,83842,82164],{"class":62},[56,83844,67],{"class":66},[56,83846,7292],{"class":237},[56,83848,83],{"class":66},[56,83850,83851,83853,83855,83857,83859,83861,83863,83865,83867,83869],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,83852,63],{"class":62},[56,83854,67],{"class":66},[56,83856,82164],{"class":62},[56,83858,67],{"class":66},[56,83860,7292],{"class":237},[56,83862,1080],{"class":66},[56,83864,26028],{"class":8663},[56,83866,288],{"class":75},[56,83868,3241],{"class":3316},[56,83870,83],{"class":66},[56,83872,83873,83875,83877,83879,83881,83883,83885,83887,83889,83891,83893],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,83874,63],{"class":62},[56,83876,1074],{"class":66},[56,83878,1314],{"class":989},[56,83880,67],{"class":66},[56,83882,238],{"class":237},[56,83884,3120],{"class":66},[56,83886,3342],{"class":3341},[56,83888,3345],{"class":237},[56,83890,3348],{"class":3341},[56,83892,5442],{"class":237},[56,83894,3354],{"class":66},[14,83896,83897],{},"These are useful for checking:",[26,83899,83900,83905,83910,83913],{},[29,83901,83902,83903],{},"What is actually inside ",[18,83904,7292],{},[29,83906,79275,83907,83909],{},[18,83908,7292],{}," is a list or some other type",[29,83911,83912],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[29,83914,83915],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[14,83917,68871,83918,83921,83922,83924],{},[18,83919,83920],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[18,83923,7292],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[42,83926,1553],{"id":1552},[615,83928,4615,83930,4618],{"id":83929},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[18,83931,82105],{},[14,83933,83934],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[615,83936,4643,83938,83940],{"id":83937},"can-max-work-with-strings",[18,83939,82105],{}," work with strings?",[14,83942,83943],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[615,83945,71170],{"id":71169},[14,83947,83948,52015,83950,83952,83953,83955],{},[18,83949,82105],{},[18,83951,40219],{}," unless you use the ",[18,83954,82460],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[615,83957,83959,83960,571],{"id":83958},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[18,83961,82105],{},[14,83963,153,83964,971],{},[18,83965,83013],{},[47,83967,83968],{"className":49,"code":82941,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,83969,83970,84002],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,83971,83972,83974,83976,83978,83980,83982,83984,83986,83988,83990,83992,83994,83996,83998,84000],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,83973,3537],{"class":284},[56,83975,288],{"class":75},[56,83977,3080],{"class":66},[56,83979,938],{"class":937},[56,83981,36560],{"class":941},[56,83983,938],{"class":937},[56,83985,1080],{"class":66},[56,83987,1448],{"class":937},[56,83989,67850],{"class":941},[56,83991,938],{"class":937},[56,83993,1080],{"class":66},[56,83995,1448],{"class":937},[56,83997,57649],{"class":941},[56,83999,938],{"class":937},[56,84001,3093],{"class":66},[56,84003,84004,84006,84008,84010,84012,84014,84016,84018,84020,84022],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,84005,63],{"class":62},[56,84007,67],{"class":66},[56,84009,82164],{"class":62},[56,84011,67],{"class":66},[56,84013,3581],{"class":237},[56,84015,1080],{"class":66},[56,84017,21082],{"class":8663},[56,84019,288],{"class":75},[56,84021,10653],{"class":62},[56,84023,83],{"class":66},[615,84025,4653,84027,3862,84029,571],{"id":84026},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[18,84028,82105],{},[18,84030,73948],{},[14,84032,84033,84035,84036,84038],{},[18,84034,82105],{}," returns one largest item. ",[18,84037,73948],{}," returns all items in order.",[42,84040,1601],{"id":1600},[26,84042,84043,84049,84055,84061,84065,84069],{},[29,84044,84045],{},[372,84046,84047,1610],{"href":83756},[18,84048,83759],{},[29,84050,84051],{},[372,84052,84053,1610],{"href":74045},[18,84054,73948],{},[29,84056,84057],{},[372,84058,84059,1610],{"href":41874},[18,84060,41877],{},[29,84062,84063],{},[372,84064,58478],{"href":58477},[29,84066,84067],{},[372,84068,65363],{"href":72402},[29,84070,84071],{},[372,84072,83586],{"href":83585},[1633,84074,84075],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":84077},[84078,84079,84081,84082,84084,84086,84088,84093,84095,84103,84105,84106,84117],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":82295,"depth":86,"text":84080},"What max() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":82464,"depth":86,"text":84083},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82634,"depth":86,"text":84085},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":82769,"depth":86,"text":84087},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78226,"depth":86,"text":79424,"children":84089},[84090,84091,84092],{"id":82937,"depth":102,"text":82938},{"id":83026,"depth":102,"text":83027},{"id":83108,"depth":102,"text":83109},{"id":83215,"depth":86,"text":84094},"Using the default argument",{"id":47504,"depth":86,"text":47505,"children":84096},[84097,84099,84101],{"id":83373,"depth":102,"text":84098},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83483,"depth":102,"text":84100},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83589,"depth":102,"text":84102},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83619,"depth":86,"text":84104},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":84107},[84108,84110,84112,84113,84115],{"id":83929,"depth":102,"text":84109},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":83937,"depth":102,"text":84111},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71169,"depth":102,"text":71170},{"id":83958,"depth":102,"text":84114},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84026,"depth":102,"text":84116},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82097,"description":84118},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84125,"title":84126,"body":84127,"description":86081,"extension":1665,"meta":86082,"navigation":316,"path":86083,"seo":86084,"stem":86085,"__hash__":86086},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84128,"toc":86038},[84129,84134,84139,84145,84147,84221,84223,84236,84241,84246,84262,84266,84271,84347,84353,84356,84399,84401,84409,84415,84418,84449,84451,84459,84465,84470,84529,84531,84540,84543,84553,84559,84564,84599,84601,84609,84615,84621,84626,84670,84672,84681,84684,84724,84726,84735,84738,84750,84755,84760,84811,84813,84822,84825,84876,84878,84887,84890,84897,84903,84908,84910,84925,84929,84989,84991,85000,85004,85176,85178,85215,85222,85228,85231,85258,85260,85281,85286,85321,85323,85331,85334,85337,85353,85358,85360,85364,85370,85374,85401,85404,85414,85454,85458,85461,85504,85506,85515,85518,85523,85592,85594,85602,85607,85611,85614,85665,85667,85675,85678,85741,85743,85751,85754,85759,85763,85776,85783,85791,85793,85795,85825,85831,85932,85942,85944,85949,85952,85957,85960,85962,85970,85978,85986,85993,86001,86003,86035],[10,84130,3031,84132,3035],{"id":84131},"python-min-function-explained",[18,84133,83759],{},[14,84135,84136,84138],{},[18,84137,83759],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[14,84140,84141,84142,84144],{},"This page explains what ",[18,84143,83759],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[42,84146,45],{"id":44},[47,84148,84150],{"className":49,"code":84149,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[18,84151,84152,84176,84191,84195],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84153,84154,84156,84158,84160,84162,84164,84166,84168,84170,84172,84174],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84155,3075],{"class":284},[56,84157,288],{"class":75},[56,84159,3080],{"class":66},[56,84161,198],{"class":79},[56,84163,1080],{"class":66},[56,84165,1083],{"class":79},[56,84167,1080],{"class":66},[56,84169,53657],{"class":79},[56,84171,1080],{"class":66},[56,84173,4973],{"class":79},[56,84175,3093],{"class":66},[56,84177,84178,84180,84182,84185,84187,84189],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,84179,63],{"class":62},[56,84181,67],{"class":66},[56,84183,84184],{"class":62},"min",[56,84186,67],{"class":66},[56,84188,3107],{"class":237},[56,84190,83],{"class":66},[56,84192,84193],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,84194,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,84196,84197,84199,84201,84203,84205,84207,84209,84211,84213,84215,84217,84219],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,84198,63],{"class":62},[56,84200,67],{"class":66},[56,84202,84184],{"class":62},[56,84204,67],{"class":66},[56,84206,198],{"class":79},[56,84208,1080],{"class":66},[56,84210,1083],{"class":79},[56,84212,1080],{"class":66},[56,84214,53657],{"class":79},[56,84216,1080],{"class":66},[56,84218,4973],{"class":79},[56,84220,83],{"class":66},[14,84222,130],{},[47,84224,84226],{"className":49,"code":84225,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"1\n1\n",[18,84227,84228,84232],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84229,84230],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84231,46435],{"class":79},[56,84233,84234],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,84235,46435],{"class":79},[14,84237,153,84238,84240],{},[18,84239,83759],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[42,84242,3138,84244,3141],{"id":84243},"what-min-does",[18,84245,83759],{},[26,84247,84248,84253,84256,84259],{},[29,84249,84250,84252],{},[18,84251,83759],{}," returns the smallest item",[29,84254,84255],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[29,84257,84258],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[29,84260,84261],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[42,84263,84265],{"id":84264},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[14,84267,84268,84269,971],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[18,84270,83759],{},[47,84272,84274],{"className":49,"code":84273,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[18,84275,84276,84286,84311,84329],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84277,84278,84280,84282,84284],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84279,84184],{"class":62},[56,84281,67],{"class":66},[56,84283,3182],{"class":237},[56,84285,241],{"class":66},[56,84287,84288,84290,84292,84295,84297,84300,84302,84305,84307,84309],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,84289,84184],{"class":62},[56,84291,67],{"class":66},[56,84293,84294],{"class":237},"value1",[56,84296,1080],{"class":66},[56,84298,84299],{"class":237}," value2",[56,84301,1080],{"class":66},[56,84303,84304],{"class":237}," value3",[56,84306,1080],{"class":66},[56,84308,33963],{"class":62},[56,84310,241],{"class":66},[56,84312,84313,84315,84317,84319,84321,84323,84325,84327],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,84314,84184],{"class":62},[56,84316,67],{"class":66},[56,84318,3182],{"class":237},[56,84320,1080],{"class":66},[56,84322,21082],{"class":8663},[56,84324,288],{"class":75},[56,84326,36884],{"class":62},[56,84328,241],{"class":66},[56,84330,84331,84333,84335,84337,84339,84341,84343,84345],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,84332,84184],{"class":62},[56,84334,67],{"class":66},[56,84336,3182],{"class":237},[56,84338,1080],{"class":66},[56,84340,26028],{"class":8663},[56,84342,288],{"class":75},[56,84344,36884],{"class":62},[56,84346,241],{"class":66},[615,84348,84350],{"id":84349},"miniterable",[18,84351,84352],{},"min(iterable)",[14,84354,84355],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[47,84357,84359],{"className":49,"code":84358,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,84360,84361,84385],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84362,84363,84365,84367,84369,84371,84373,84375,84377,84379,84381,84383],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84364,3075],{"class":284},[56,84366,288],{"class":75},[56,84368,3080],{"class":66},[56,84370,421],{"class":79},[56,84372,1080],{"class":66},[56,84374,529],{"class":79},[56,84376,1080],{"class":66},[56,84378,30450],{"class":79},[56,84380,1080],{"class":66},[56,84382,4973],{"class":79},[56,84384,3093],{"class":66},[56,84386,84387,84389,84391,84393,84395,84397],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,84388,63],{"class":62},[56,84390,67],{"class":66},[56,84392,84184],{"class":62},[56,84394,67],{"class":66},[56,84396,3107],{"class":237},[56,84398,83],{"class":66},[14,84400,130],{},[47,84402,84403],{"className":49,"code":46435,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,84404,84405],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84406,84407],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84408,46435],{"class":79},[615,84410,84412],{"id":84411},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[18,84413,84414],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[14,84416,84417],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[47,84419,84421],{"className":49,"code":84420,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[18,84422,84423],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84424,84425,84427,84429,84431,84433,84435,84437,84439,84441,84443,84445,84447],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84426,63],{"class":62},[56,84428,67],{"class":66},[56,84430,84184],{"class":62},[56,84432,67],{"class":66},[56,84434,421],{"class":79},[56,84436,1080],{"class":66},[56,84438,529],{"class":79},[56,84440,1080],{"class":66},[56,84442,30450],{"class":79},[56,84444,1080],{"class":66},[56,84446,4973],{"class":79},[56,84448,83],{"class":66},[14,84450,130],{},[47,84452,84453],{"className":49,"code":46435,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,84454,84455],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84456,84457],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84458,46435],{"class":79},[615,84460,84462],{"id":84461},"miniterable-key",[18,84463,84464],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[14,84466,153,84467,84469],{},[18,84468,14339],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[47,84471,84473],{"className":49,"code":84472,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,84474,84475,84507],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84476,84477,84479,84481,84483,84485,84487,84489,84491,84493,84495,84497,84499,84501,84503,84505],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84478,3537],{"class":284},[56,84480,288],{"class":75},[56,84482,3080],{"class":66},[56,84484,938],{"class":937},[56,84486,78268],{"class":941},[56,84488,938],{"class":937},[56,84490,1080],{"class":66},[56,84492,1448],{"class":937},[56,84494,37855],{"class":941},[56,84496,938],{"class":937},[56,84498,1080],{"class":66},[56,84500,1448],{"class":937},[56,84502,3555],{"class":941},[56,84504,938],{"class":937},[56,84506,3093],{"class":66},[56,84508,84509,84511,84513,84515,84517,84519,84521,84523,84525,84527],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,84510,63],{"class":62},[56,84512,67],{"class":66},[56,84514,84184],{"class":62},[56,84516,67],{"class":66},[56,84518,3581],{"class":237},[56,84520,1080],{"class":66},[56,84522,21082],{"class":8663},[56,84524,288],{"class":75},[56,84526,10653],{"class":62},[56,84528,83],{"class":66},[14,84530,130],{},[47,84532,84534],{"className":49,"code":84533,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"kiwi\n",[18,84535,84536],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84537,84538],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84539,84533],{"class":284},[14,84541,84542],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[14,84544,84545,84546,84548,84549,497],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[18,84547,41877],{},", see the ",[372,84550,84551,1610],{"href":41874},[18,84552,41877],{},[615,84554,84556],{"id":84555},"miniterable-default",[18,84557,84558],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[14,84560,153,84561,84563],{},[18,84562,82460],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[47,84565,84567],{"className":49,"code":84566,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[18,84568,84569,84577],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84570,84571,84573,84575],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84572,3075],{"class":284},[56,84574,288],{"class":75},[56,84576,7321],{"class":66},[56,84578,84579,84581,84583,84585,84587,84589,84591,84593,84595,84597],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,84580,63],{"class":62},[56,84582,67],{"class":66},[56,84584,84184],{"class":62},[56,84586,67],{"class":66},[56,84588,3107],{"class":237},[56,84590,1080],{"class":66},[56,84592,26028],{"class":8663},[56,84594,288],{"class":75},[56,84596,181],{"class":79},[56,84598,83],{"class":66},[14,84600,130],{},[47,84602,84603],{"className":49,"code":46770,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,84604,84605],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84606,84607],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84608,46770],{"class":79},[14,84610,84611,84612,84614],{},"This avoids a ",[18,84613,40219],{}," when there is no item to return.",[42,84616,7902,84618,84620],{"id":84617},"using-min-with-numbers",[18,84619,83759],{}," with numbers",[14,84622,84623,84625],{},[18,84624,83759],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[47,84627,84629],{"className":49,"code":84628,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[18,84630,84631,84656],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84632,84633,84635,84637,84639,84641,84643,84646,84648,84650,84652,84654],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84634,4536],{"class":284},[56,84636,288],{"class":75},[56,84638,3080],{"class":66},[56,84640,51025],{"class":79},[56,84642,1080],{"class":66},[56,84644,84645],{"class":79}," 72",[56,84647,1080],{"class":66},[56,84649,28412],{"class":79},[56,84651,1080],{"class":66},[56,84653,75624],{"class":79},[56,84655,3093],{"class":66},[56,84657,84658,84660,84662,84664,84666,84668],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,84659,63],{"class":62},[56,84661,67],{"class":66},[56,84663,84184],{"class":62},[56,84665,67],{"class":66},[56,84667,15888],{"class":237},[56,84669,83],{"class":66},[14,84671,130],{},[47,84673,84675],{"className":49,"code":84674,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"60\n",[18,84676,84677],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84678,84679],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84680,84674],{"class":79},[14,84682,84683],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[47,84685,84687],{"className":49,"code":84686,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[18,84688,84689,84710],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84690,84691,84693,84695,84697,84699,84701,84704,84706,84708],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84692,82572],{"class":284},[56,84694,288],{"class":75},[56,84696,3080],{"class":66},[56,84698,39913],{"class":79},[56,84700,1080],{"class":66},[56,84702,84703],{"class":79}," 5.49",[56,84705,1080],{"class":66},[56,84707,82588],{"class":79},[56,84709,3093],{"class":66},[56,84711,84712,84714,84716,84718,84720,84722],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,84713,63],{"class":62},[56,84715,67],{"class":66},[56,84717,84184],{"class":62},[56,84719,67],{"class":66},[56,84721,82608],{"class":237},[56,84723,83],{"class":66},[14,84725,130],{},[47,84727,84729],{"className":49,"code":84728,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"5.49\n",[18,84730,84731],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84732,84733],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84734,84728],{"class":79},[14,84736,84737],{},"This is useful for things like:",[26,84739,84740,84742,84744,84747],{},[29,84741,15888],{},[29,84743,82608],{},[29,84745,84746],{},"measurements",[29,84748,84749],{},"ages",[42,84751,7902,84753,46577],{"id":84752},"using-min-with-strings",[18,84754,83759],{},[14,84756,84757,84759],{},[18,84758,83759],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[47,84761,84763],{"className":49,"code":84762,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,84764,84765,84797],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84766,84767,84769,84771,84773,84775,84777,84779,84781,84783,84785,84787,84789,84791,84793,84795],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84768,3537],{"class":284},[56,84770,288],{"class":75},[56,84772,3080],{"class":66},[56,84774,938],{"class":937},[56,84776,3555],{"class":941},[56,84778,938],{"class":937},[56,84780,1080],{"class":66},[56,84782,1448],{"class":937},[56,84784,3546],{"class":941},[56,84786,938],{"class":937},[56,84788,1080],{"class":66},[56,84790,1448],{"class":937},[56,84792,3564],{"class":941},[56,84794,938],{"class":937},[56,84796,3093],{"class":66},[56,84798,84799,84801,84803,84805,84807,84809],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,84800,63],{"class":62},[56,84802,67],{"class":66},[56,84804,84184],{"class":62},[56,84806,67],{"class":66},[56,84808,3581],{"class":237},[56,84810,83],{"class":66},[14,84812,130],{},[47,84814,84816],{"className":49,"code":84815,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"apple\n",[18,84817,84818],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84819,84820],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84821,84815],{"class":284},[14,84823,84824],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[47,84826,84828],{"className":49,"code":84827,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,84829,84830,84862],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84831,84832,84834,84836,84838,84840,84842,84844,84846,84848,84850,84852,84854,84856,84858,84860],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84833,3537],{"class":284},[56,84835,288],{"class":75},[56,84837,3080],{"class":66},[56,84839,938],{"class":937},[56,84841,3555],{"class":941},[56,84843,938],{"class":937},[56,84845,1080],{"class":66},[56,84847,1448],{"class":937},[56,84849,57290],{"class":941},[56,84851,938],{"class":937},[56,84853,1080],{"class":66},[56,84855,1448],{"class":937},[56,84857,3564],{"class":941},[56,84859,938],{"class":937},[56,84861,3093],{"class":66},[56,84863,84864,84866,84868,84870,84872,84874],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,84865,63],{"class":62},[56,84867,67],{"class":66},[56,84869,84184],{"class":62},[56,84871,67],{"class":66},[56,84873,3581],{"class":237},[56,84875,83],{"class":66},[14,84877,130],{},[47,84879,84881],{"className":49,"code":84880,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Apple\n",[18,84882,84883],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84884,84885],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84886,84880],{"class":284},[14,84888,84889],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[14,84891,84892,84893,497],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[372,84894,84895,5259],{"href":74045},[18,84896,73948],{},[42,84898,7902,84900,84902],{"id":84899},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[18,84901,83759],{}," with a key function",[14,84904,16,84905,84907],{},[18,84906,14339],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[14,84909,10951],{},[26,84911,84912,84917,84922],{},[29,84913,84914,84916],{},[18,84915,14339],{}," changes the comparison rule",[29,84918,84919,84921],{},[18,84920,83759],{}," still returns the original item",[29,84923,84924],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[615,84926,84928],{"id":84927},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[47,84930,84932],{"className":49,"code":84931,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,84933,84934,84967],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84935,84936,84938,84940,84942,84944,84946,84948,84950,84952,84954,84956,84958,84960,84963,84965],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84937,3537],{"class":284},[56,84939,288],{"class":75},[56,84941,3080],{"class":66},[56,84943,938],{"class":937},[56,84945,67850],{"class":941},[56,84947,938],{"class":937},[56,84949,1080],{"class":66},[56,84951,1448],{"class":937},[56,84953,36560],{"class":941},[56,84955,938],{"class":937},[56,84957,1080],{"class":66},[56,84959,1448],{"class":937},[56,84961,84962],{"class":941},"giraffe",[56,84964,938],{"class":937},[56,84966,3093],{"class":66},[56,84968,84969,84971,84973,84975,84977,84979,84981,84983,84985,84987],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,84970,63],{"class":62},[56,84972,67],{"class":66},[56,84974,84184],{"class":62},[56,84976,67],{"class":66},[56,84978,3581],{"class":237},[56,84980,1080],{"class":66},[56,84982,21082],{"class":8663},[56,84984,288],{"class":75},[56,84986,10653],{"class":62},[56,84988,83],{"class":66},[14,84990,130],{},[47,84992,84994],{"className":49,"code":84993,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"cat\n",[18,84995,84996],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,84997,84998],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,84999,84993],{"class":284},[615,85001,85003],{"id":85002},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[47,85005,85007],{"className":49,"code":85006,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[18,85008,85009,85019,85054,85086,85118,85122,85126,85165],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85010,85011,85014,85016],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85012,85013],{"class":284},"students ",[56,85015,288],{"class":75},[56,85017,85018],{"class":66}," [\n",[56,85020,85021,85024,85026,85028,85030,85032,85034,85036,85038,85040,85042,85045,85047,85049,85051],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,85022,85023],{"class":66},"    {",[56,85025,938],{"class":937},[56,85027,7149],{"class":941},[56,85029,938],{"class":937},[56,85031,971],{"class":66},[56,85033,1448],{"class":937},[56,85035,12376],{"class":941},[56,85037,938],{"class":937},[56,85039,1080],{"class":66},[56,85041,1448],{"class":937},[56,85043,85044],{"class":941},"score",[56,85046,938],{"class":937},[56,85048,971],{"class":66},[56,85050,13004],{"class":79},[56,85052,85053],{"class":66},"},\n",[56,85055,85056,85058,85060,85062,85064,85066,85068,85070,85072,85074,85076,85078,85080,85082,85084],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,85057,85023],{"class":66},[56,85059,938],{"class":937},[56,85061,7149],{"class":941},[56,85063,938],{"class":937},[56,85065,971],{"class":66},[56,85067,1448],{"class":937},[56,85069,35452],{"class":941},[56,85071,938],{"class":937},[56,85073,1080],{"class":66},[56,85075,1448],{"class":937},[56,85077,85044],{"class":941},[56,85079,938],{"class":937},[56,85081,971],{"class":66},[56,85083,84645],{"class":79},[56,85085,85053],{"class":66},[56,85087,85088,85090,85092,85094,85096,85098,85100,85102,85104,85106,85108,85110,85112,85114,85116],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,85089,85023],{"class":66},[56,85091,938],{"class":937},[56,85093,7149],{"class":941},[56,85095,938],{"class":937},[56,85097,971],{"class":66},[56,85099,1448],{"class":937},[56,85101,35461],{"class":941},[56,85103,938],{"class":937},[56,85105,1080],{"class":66},[56,85107,1448],{"class":937},[56,85109,85044],{"class":941},[56,85111,938],{"class":937},[56,85113,971],{"class":66},[56,85115,19400],{"class":79},[56,85117,8797],{"class":66},[56,85119,85120],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,85121,3093],{"class":66},[56,85123,85124],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,85125,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,85127,85128,85131,85133,85136,85138,85141,85143,85145,85147,85149,85151,85153,85155,85157,85159,85161,85163],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,85129,85130],{"class":284},"lowest ",[56,85132,288],{"class":75},[56,85134,85135],{"class":62}," min",[56,85137,67],{"class":66},[56,85139,85140],{"class":237},"students",[56,85142,1080],{"class":66},[56,85144,21082],{"class":8663},[56,85146,288],{"class":75},[56,85148,37173],{"class":124},[56,85150,12402],{"class":37176},[56,85152,971],{"class":66},[56,85154,12402],{"class":237},[56,85156,3366],{"class":66},[56,85158,938],{"class":937},[56,85160,85044],{"class":941},[56,85162,938],{"class":937},[56,85164,3354],{"class":66},[56,85166,85167,85169,85171,85174],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,85168,63],{"class":62},[56,85170,67],{"class":66},[56,85172,85173],{"class":237},"lowest",[56,85175,241],{"class":66},[14,85177,130],{},[47,85179,85181],{"className":49,"code":85180,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[18,85182,85183],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85184,85185,85187,85189,85191,85193,85195,85197,85199,85201,85203,85205,85207,85209,85211,85213],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85186,8766],{"class":66},[56,85188,1394],{"class":937},[56,85190,7149],{"class":941},[56,85192,1394],{"class":937},[56,85194,971],{"class":66},[56,85196,1389],{"class":937},[56,85198,35452],{"class":941},[56,85200,1394],{"class":937},[56,85202,1080],{"class":66},[56,85204,1389],{"class":937},[56,85206,85044],{"class":941},[56,85208,1394],{"class":937},[56,85210,971],{"class":66},[56,85212,84645],{"class":79},[56,85214,8797],{"class":66},[14,85216,85217,85218,85221],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[18,85219,85220],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[42,85223,7902,85225,85227],{"id":85224},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[18,85226,82460],{}," with empty iterables",[14,85229,85230],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[47,85232,85234],{"className":49,"code":85233,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,85235,85236,85244],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85237,85238,85240,85242],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85239,3075],{"class":284},[56,85241,288],{"class":75},[56,85243,7321],{"class":66},[56,85245,85246,85248,85250,85252,85254,85256],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,85247,63],{"class":62},[56,85249,67],{"class":66},[56,85251,84184],{"class":62},[56,85253,67],{"class":66},[56,85255,3107],{"class":237},[56,85257,83],{"class":66},[14,85259,130],{},[47,85261,85263],{"className":49,"code":85262,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[18,85264,85265],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85266,85267,85269,85271,85273,85275,85277,85279],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85268,40219],{"class":989},[56,85270,971],{"class":66},[56,85272,85135],{"class":62},[56,85274,6846],{"class":66},[56,85276,83430],{"class":284},[56,85278,11688],{"class":75},[56,85280,83435],{"class":284},[14,85282,85283,85284,971],{},"To avoid that, use ",[18,85285,82460],{},[47,85287,85289],{"className":49,"code":85288,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[18,85290,85291,85299],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85292,85293,85295,85297],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85294,3075],{"class":284},[56,85296,288],{"class":75},[56,85298,7321],{"class":66},[56,85300,85301,85303,85305,85307,85309,85311,85313,85315,85317,85319],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,85302,63],{"class":62},[56,85304,67],{"class":66},[56,85306,84184],{"class":62},[56,85308,67],{"class":66},[56,85310,3107],{"class":237},[56,85312,1080],{"class":66},[56,85314,26028],{"class":8663},[56,85316,288],{"class":75},[56,85318,3241],{"class":3316},[56,85320,83],{"class":66},[14,85322,130],{},[47,85324,85325],{"className":49,"code":11302,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,85326,85327],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85328,85329],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85330,11302],{"class":3316},[14,85332,85333],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[14,85335,85336],{},"Remember:",[26,85338,85339,85347],{},[29,85340,85341,85343,85344,85346],{},[18,85342,82460],{}," works only when ",[18,85345,83759],{}," gets one iterable argument",[29,85348,85349,85350],{},"It does not work with ",[18,85351,85352],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[14,85354,85355,85356,497],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[372,85357,65363],{"href":72402},[42,85359,10235],{"id":10234},[14,85361,56297,85362,497],{},[18,85363,83759],{},[615,85365,85367,85368],{"id":85366},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[18,85369,82460],{},[14,85371,1093,85372,971],{},[18,85373,40219],{},[47,85375,85377],{"className":49,"code":85376,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[18,85378,85379,85387],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85380,85381,85383,85385],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85382,7261],{"class":284},[56,85384,288],{"class":75},[56,85386,7321],{"class":66},[56,85388,85389,85391,85393,85395,85397,85399],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,85390,63],{"class":62},[56,85392,67],{"class":66},[56,85394,84184],{"class":62},[56,85396,67],{"class":66},[56,85398,7292],{"class":237},[56,85400,83],{"class":66},[14,85402,85403],{},"Fix it by:",[26,85405,85406,85409],{},[29,85407,85408],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[29,85410,85411,85412],{},"or using ",[18,85413,82460],{},[47,85415,85417],{"className":49,"code":85416,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[18,85418,85419,85427],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85420,85421,85423,85425],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85422,7261],{"class":284},[56,85424,288],{"class":75},[56,85426,7321],{"class":66},[56,85428,85429,85431,85433,85435,85437,85439,85441,85443,85445,85447,85450,85452],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,85430,63],{"class":62},[56,85432,67],{"class":66},[56,85434,84184],{"class":62},[56,85436,67],{"class":66},[56,85438,7292],{"class":237},[56,85440,1080],{"class":66},[56,85442,26028],{"class":8663},[56,85444,288],{"class":75},[56,85446,938],{"class":937},[56,85448,85449],{"class":941},"no items",[56,85451,938],{"class":937},[56,85453,83],{"class":66},[615,85455,85457],{"id":85456},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[14,85459,85460],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[47,85462,85464],{"className":49,"code":85463,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[18,85465,85466,85490],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85467,85468,85470,85472,85474,85476,85478,85480,85482,85484,85486,85488],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85469,8653],{"class":284},[56,85471,288],{"class":75},[56,85473,3080],{"class":66},[56,85475,406],{"class":79},[56,85477,1080],{"class":66},[56,85479,1448],{"class":937},[56,85481,15253],{"class":941},[56,85483,938],{"class":937},[56,85485,1080],{"class":66},[56,85487,4075],{"class":79},[56,85489,3093],{"class":66},[56,85491,85492,85494,85496,85498,85500,85502],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,85493,63],{"class":62},[56,85495,67],{"class":66},[56,85497,84184],{"class":62},[56,85499,67],{"class":66},[56,85501,8692],{"class":237},[56,85503,83],{"class":66},[14,85505,130],{},[47,85507,85509],{"className":49,"code":85508,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"TypeError\n",[18,85510,85511],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85512,85513],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85514,85508],{"class":989},[14,85516,85517],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[14,85519,85520,85521,497],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[18,85522,83759],{},[47,85524,85526],{"className":49,"code":85525,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[18,85527,85528,85552,85578],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85529,85530,85532,85534,85536,85538,85540,85542,85544,85546,85548,85550],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85531,8653],{"class":284},[56,85533,288],{"class":75},[56,85535,3080],{"class":66},[56,85537,406],{"class":79},[56,85539,1080],{"class":66},[56,85541,1448],{"class":937},[56,85543,15253],{"class":941},[56,85545,938],{"class":937},[56,85547,1080],{"class":66},[56,85549,4075],{"class":79},[56,85551,3093],{"class":66},[56,85553,85554,85556,85558,85560,85562,85564,85566,85568,85570,85572,85574,85576],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,85555,3075],{"class":284},[56,85557,288],{"class":75},[56,85559,3080],{"class":66},[56,85561,254],{"class":989},[56,85563,67],{"class":66},[56,85565,238],{"class":237},[56,85567,3120],{"class":66},[56,85569,3342],{"class":3341},[56,85571,3345],{"class":284},[56,85573,3348],{"class":3341},[56,85575,14064],{"class":284},[56,85577,3093],{"class":66},[56,85579,85580,85582,85584,85586,85588,85590],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,85581,63],{"class":62},[56,85583,67],{"class":66},[56,85585,84184],{"class":62},[56,85587,67],{"class":66},[56,85589,3107],{"class":237},[56,85591,83],{"class":66},[14,85593,130],{},[47,85595,85596],{"className":49,"code":1035,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,85597,85598],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85599,85600],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85601,1035],{"class":79},[14,85603,85604,85605,497],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[18,85606,1096],{},[615,85608,85610],{"id":85609},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[14,85612,85613],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[47,85615,85617],{"className":49,"code":85616,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[18,85618,85619,85651],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85620,85621,85623,85625,85627,85629,85631,85633,85635,85637,85639,85641,85643,85645,85647,85649],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85622,3537],{"class":284},[56,85624,288],{"class":75},[56,85626,3080],{"class":66},[56,85628,938],{"class":937},[56,85630,79084],{"class":941},[56,85632,938],{"class":937},[56,85634,1080],{"class":66},[56,85636,1448],{"class":937},[56,85638,57290],{"class":941},[56,85640,938],{"class":937},[56,85642,1080],{"class":66},[56,85644,1448],{"class":937},[56,85646,79101],{"class":941},[56,85648,938],{"class":937},[56,85650,3093],{"class":66},[56,85652,85653,85655,85657,85659,85661,85663],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,85654,63],{"class":62},[56,85656,67],{"class":66},[56,85658,84184],{"class":62},[56,85660,67],{"class":66},[56,85662,3581],{"class":237},[56,85664,83],{"class":66},[14,85666,130],{},[47,85668,85669],{"className":49,"code":84880,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,85670,85671],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85672,85673],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85674,84880],{"class":284},[14,85676,85677],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[47,85679,85681],{"className":49,"code":85680,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[18,85682,85683,85715],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85684,85685,85687,85689,85691,85693,85695,85697,85699,85701,85703,85705,85707,85709,85711,85713],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85686,3537],{"class":284},[56,85688,288],{"class":75},[56,85690,3080],{"class":66},[56,85692,938],{"class":937},[56,85694,79084],{"class":941},[56,85696,938],{"class":937},[56,85698,1080],{"class":66},[56,85700,1448],{"class":937},[56,85702,57290],{"class":941},[56,85704,938],{"class":937},[56,85706,1080],{"class":66},[56,85708,1448],{"class":937},[56,85710,79101],{"class":941},[56,85712,938],{"class":937},[56,85714,3093],{"class":66},[56,85716,85717,85719,85721,85723,85725,85727,85729,85731,85733,85735,85737,85739],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,85718,63],{"class":62},[56,85720,67],{"class":66},[56,85722,84184],{"class":62},[56,85724,67],{"class":66},[56,85726,3581],{"class":237},[56,85728,1080],{"class":66},[56,85730,21082],{"class":8663},[56,85732,288],{"class":75},[56,85734,1540],{"class":989},[56,85736,497],{"class":66},[56,85738,8126],{"class":24254},[56,85740,83],{"class":66},[14,85742,130],{},[47,85744,85745],{"className":49,"code":84880,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,85746,85747],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85748,85749],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85750,84880],{"class":284},[14,85752,85753],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[42,85755,4433,85757],{"id":85756},"when-to-use-min",[18,85758,83759],{},[14,85760,153,85761,10091],{},[18,85762,83759],{},[26,85764,85765,85768,85773],{},[29,85766,85767],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[29,85769,85770,85771],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[18,85772,14339],{},[29,85774,85775],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[14,85777,153,85778,85782],{},[372,85779,85780],{"href":74045},[18,85781,73948],{}," if you need all items in order.",[14,85784,153,85785,85790],{},[372,85786,85788],{"href":85787},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[18,85789,82105],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[42,85792,912],{"id":911},[14,85794,83764],{},[26,85796,85797,85805,85808,85813,85820],{},[29,85798,85799,85800,85802,85803],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[18,85801,83759],{}," without using ",[18,85804,82460],{},[29,85806,85807],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[29,85809,7938,85810,85812],{},[18,85811,83759],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[29,85814,4175,85815,85817,85818,84921],{},[18,85816,14339],{}," affects comparison but ",[18,85819,83759],{},[29,85821,7902,85822,85824],{},[18,85823,82460],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[14,85826,85827,85828,85830],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[18,85829,83759],{},", these quick checks can help:",[47,85832,85834],{"className":49,"code":85833,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[18,85835,85836,85850,85860,85874,85888,85910],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,85837,85838,85840,85842,85844,85846,85848],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,85839,63],{"class":62},[56,85841,67],{"class":66},[56,85843,1314],{"class":989},[56,85845,67],{"class":66},[56,85847,8692],{"class":237},[56,85849,83],{"class":66},[56,85851,85852,85854,85856,85858],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,85853,63],{"class":62},[56,85855,67],{"class":66},[56,85857,8692],{"class":237},[56,85859,241],{"class":66},[56,85861,85862,85864,85866,85868,85870,85872],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,85863,63],{"class":62},[56,85865,67],{"class":66},[56,85867,10653],{"class":62},[56,85869,67],{"class":66},[56,85871,8692],{"class":237},[56,85873,83],{"class":66},[56,85875,85876,85878,85880,85882,85884,85886],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,85877,63],{"class":62},[56,85879,67],{"class":66},[56,85881,84184],{"class":62},[56,85883,67],{"class":66},[56,85885,8692],{"class":237},[56,85887,83],{"class":66},[56,85889,85890,85892,85894,85896,85898,85900,85902,85904,85906,85908],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,85891,63],{"class":62},[56,85893,67],{"class":66},[56,85895,84184],{"class":62},[56,85897,67],{"class":66},[56,85899,8692],{"class":237},[56,85901,1080],{"class":66},[56,85903,26028],{"class":8663},[56,85905,288],{"class":75},[56,85907,3241],{"class":3316},[56,85909,83],{"class":66},[56,85911,85912,85914,85916,85918,85920,85922,85924,85926,85928,85930],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,85913,63],{"class":62},[56,85915,67],{"class":66},[56,85917,84184],{"class":62},[56,85919,67],{"class":66},[56,85921,3581],{"class":237},[56,85923,1080],{"class":66},[56,85925,21082],{"class":8663},[56,85927,288],{"class":75},[56,85929,10653],{"class":62},[56,85931,83],{"class":66},[14,85933,85934,85935,85938,85939,85941],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[18,85936,85937],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[18,85940,8692],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[42,85943,1553],{"id":1552},[615,85945,4615,85947,4618],{"id":85946},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[18,85948,83759],{},[14,85950,85951],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[615,85953,4643,85955,83940],{"id":85954},"can-min-work-with-strings",[18,85956,83759],{},[14,85958,85959],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[615,85961,71170],{"id":71169},[14,85963,85964,52015,85966,83952,85968,36134],{},[18,85965,83759],{},[18,85967,40219],{},[18,85969,82460],{},[615,85971,4615,85973,85975,85976,571],{"id":85972},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[18,85974,14339],{}," do in ",[18,85977,83759],{},[14,85979,85980,85982,85983,85985],{},[18,85981,14339],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[18,85984,83013],{}," compares strings by length.",[615,85987,4653,85989,3862,85991,571],{"id":85988},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[18,85990,83759],{},[18,85992,73948],{},[14,85994,85995,85997,85998,86000],{},[18,85996,83759],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[18,85999,73948],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[42,86002,1601],{"id":1600},[26,86004,86005,86011,86017,86023,86027,86031],{},[29,86006,86007],{},[372,86008,86009,1610],{"href":85787},[18,86010,82105],{},[29,86012,86013],{},[372,86014,86015,1610],{"href":74045},[18,86016,73948],{},[29,86018,86019],{},[372,86020,86021,1610],{"href":41874},[18,86022,41877],{},[29,86024,86025],{},[372,86026,79397],{"href":77900},[29,86028,86029],{},[372,86030,58478],{"href":58477},[29,86032,86033],{},[372,86034,65363],{"href":72402},[1633,86036,86037],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":86039},[86040,86041,86043,86049,86051,86053,86058,86060,86066,86068,86069,86080],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":84243,"depth":86,"text":86042},"What min() does",{"id":84264,"depth":86,"text":84265,"children":86044},[86045,86046,86047,86048],{"id":84349,"depth":102,"text":84352},{"id":84411,"depth":102,"text":84414},{"id":84461,"depth":102,"text":84464},{"id":84555,"depth":102,"text":84558},{"id":84617,"depth":86,"text":86050},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84752,"depth":86,"text":86052},"Using min() with strings",{"id":84899,"depth":86,"text":86054,"children":86055},"Using min() with a key function",[86056,86057],{"id":84927,"depth":102,"text":84928},{"id":85002,"depth":102,"text":85003},{"id":85224,"depth":86,"text":86059},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10234,"depth":86,"text":10235,"children":86061},[86062,86064,86065],{"id":85366,"depth":102,"text":86063},"Empty list without default",{"id":85456,"depth":102,"text":85457},{"id":85609,"depth":102,"text":85610},{"id":85756,"depth":86,"text":86067},"When to use min()",{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":86070},[86071,86073,86075,86076,86078],{"id":85946,"depth":102,"text":86072},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":85954,"depth":102,"text":86074},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71169,"depth":102,"text":71170},{"id":85972,"depth":102,"text":86077},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":85988,"depth":102,"text":86079},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84126,"description":86081},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86088,"title":86089,"body":86090,"description":88269,"extension":1665,"meta":88270,"navigation":316,"path":88271,"seo":88272,"stem":88273,"__hash__":88274},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86091,"toc":88233},[86092,86095,86101,86107,86109,86190,86199,86203,86208,86210,86255,86257,86337,86343,86345,86348,86380,86382,86400,86402,86475,86477,86496,86500,86503,86539,86541,86608,86682,86755,86760,86764,86770,86773,86790,86793,86795,86856,86858,86878,86884,86888,86891,86961,86964,86983,86988,87064,87067,87071,87077,87081,87086,87156,87160,87165,87239,87243,87246,87321,87332,87336,87341,87431,87436,87504,87507,87526,87537,87541,87544,87549,87552,87614,87617,87628,87633,87636,87639,87644,87647,87650,87654,87657,87663,87666,87677,87679,87741,87756,87762,87765,87768,87779,87790,87796,87799,87801,87863,87873,87879,87884,87890,87894,87900,87903,87924,87926,87931,87958,87961,87988,87991,88030,88033,88071,88074,88135,88138,88140,88144,88147,88151,88157,88165,88173,88177,88180,88184,88190,88192,88230],[10,86093,86089],{"id":86094},"python-open-function-explained",[14,86096,86097,86100],{},[18,86098,86099],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[14,86102,86103,86104,86106],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[18,86105,86099],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[42,86108,45],{"id":44},[47,86110,86112],{"className":49,"code":86111,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[18,86113,86114,86163,86179],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86115,86116,86119,86122,86124,86126,86129,86131,86133,86135,86137,86139,86141,86144,86146,86148,86151,86153,86155,86157,86161],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86117,86118],{"class":3341},"with",[56,86120,86121],{"class":62}," open",[56,86123,67],{"class":66},[56,86125,938],{"class":937},[56,86127,86128],{"class":941},"example.txt",[56,86130,938],{"class":937},[56,86132,1080],{"class":66},[56,86134,1448],{"class":937},[56,86136,60028],{"class":941},[56,86138,938],{"class":937},[56,86140,1080],{"class":66},[56,86142,86143],{"class":8663}," encoding",[56,86145,288],{"class":75},[56,86147,938],{"class":937},[56,86149,86150],{"class":941},"utf-8",[56,86152,938],{"class":937},[56,86154,3120],{"class":66},[56,86156,46876],{"class":3341},[56,86158,86160],{"class":86159},"sMMDD"," file",[56,86162,5871],{"class":66},[56,86164,86165,86168,86170,86172,86174,86177],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,86166,86167],{"class":284},"    content ",[56,86169,288],{"class":75},[56,86171,86160],{"class":86159},[56,86173,497],{"class":66},[56,86175,86176],{"class":237},"read",[56,86178,8129],{"class":66},[56,86180,86181,86183,86185,86188],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,86182,7552],{"class":62},[56,86184,67],{"class":66},[56,86186,86187],{"class":237},"content",[56,86189,241],{"class":66},[14,86191,153,86192,86194,86195,86198],{},[18,86193,86118],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[18,86196,86197],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[42,86200,86202],{"id":86201},"what-open-does","What open() does",[14,86204,86205,86207],{},[18,86206,86099],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[14,86209,10951],{},[26,86211,86212,86215,86220,86225],{},[29,86213,86214],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[29,86216,40421,86217,86219],{},[3205,86218,4101],{}," read or write anything by itself",[29,86221,16922,86222],{},[3205,86223,86224],{},"file object",[29,86226,86227,86228],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[26,86229,86230,86235,86240,86245,86250],{},[29,86231,86232],{},[18,86233,86234],{},"read()",[29,86236,86237],{},[18,86238,86239],{},"readline()",[29,86241,86242],{},[18,86243,86244],{},"readlines()",[29,86246,86247],{},[18,86248,86249],{},"write()",[29,86251,86252],{},[18,86253,86254],{},"close()",[14,86256,274],{},[47,86258,86260],{"className":49,"code":86259,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[18,86261,86262,86301,86316,86326],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86263,86264,86267,86269,86271,86273,86275,86277,86279,86281,86283,86285,86287,86289,86291,86293,86295,86297,86299],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86265,86266],{"class":86159},"file",[56,86268,12773],{"class":75},[56,86270,86121],{"class":62},[56,86272,67],{"class":66},[56,86274,938],{"class":937},[56,86276,86128],{"class":941},[56,86278,938],{"class":937},[56,86280,1080],{"class":66},[56,86282,1448],{"class":937},[56,86284,60028],{"class":941},[56,86286,938],{"class":937},[56,86288,1080],{"class":66},[56,86290,86143],{"class":8663},[56,86292,288],{"class":75},[56,86294,938],{"class":937},[56,86296,86150],{"class":941},[56,86298,938],{"class":937},[56,86300,241],{"class":66},[56,86302,86303,86306,86308,86310,86312,86314],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,86304,86305],{"class":284},"content ",[56,86307,288],{"class":75},[56,86309,86160],{"class":86159},[56,86311,497],{"class":66},[56,86313,86176],{"class":237},[56,86315,8129],{"class":66},[56,86317,86318,86320,86322,86324],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,86319,63],{"class":62},[56,86321,67],{"class":66},[56,86323,86187],{"class":237},[56,86325,241],{"class":66},[56,86327,86328,86330,86332,86335],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,86329,86266],{"class":86159},[56,86331,497],{"class":66},[56,86333,86334],{"class":237},"close",[56,86336,8129],{"class":66},[14,86338,86339,86340,86342],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[18,86341,86118],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[42,86344,220],{"id":219},[14,86346,86347],{},"A common form is:",[47,86349,86351],{"className":49,"code":86350,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[18,86352,86353],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86354,86355,86357,86359,86361,86363,86366,86368,86370,86372,86374,86376,86378],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86356,41943],{"class":62},[56,86358,67],{"class":66},[56,86360,86266],{"class":86159},[56,86362,1080],{"class":66},[56,86364,86365],{"class":237}," mode",[56,86367,1080],{"class":66},[56,86369,86143],{"class":8663},[56,86371,288],{"class":75},[56,86373,938],{"class":937},[56,86375,86150],{"class":941},[56,86377,938],{"class":937},[56,86379,241],{"class":66},[14,86381,64569],{},[26,86383,86384,86389,86394],{},[29,86385,86386,86388],{},[18,86387,86266],{}," is the file name or file path",[29,86390,86391,86393],{},[18,86392,20421],{}," controls how the file is opened",[29,86395,86396,86399],{},[18,86397,86398],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[14,86401,274],{},[47,86403,86405],{"className":49,"code":86404,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[18,86406,86407,86450,86465],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86408,86409,86411,86413,86415,86417,86420,86422,86424,86426,86428,86430,86432,86434,86436,86438,86440,86442,86444,86446,86448],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86410,86118],{"class":3341},[56,86412,86121],{"class":62},[56,86414,67],{"class":66},[56,86416,938],{"class":937},[56,86418,86419],{"class":941},"notes.txt",[56,86421,938],{"class":937},[56,86423,1080],{"class":66},[56,86425,1448],{"class":937},[56,86427,60028],{"class":941},[56,86429,938],{"class":937},[56,86431,1080],{"class":66},[56,86433,86143],{"class":8663},[56,86435,288],{"class":75},[56,86437,938],{"class":937},[56,86439,86150],{"class":941},[56,86441,938],{"class":937},[56,86443,3120],{"class":66},[56,86445,46876],{"class":3341},[56,86447,86160],{"class":86159},[56,86449,5871],{"class":66},[56,86451,86452,86455,86457,86459,86461,86463],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,86453,86454],{"class":284},"    text ",[56,86456,288],{"class":75},[56,86458,86160],{"class":86159},[56,86460,497],{"class":66},[56,86462,86176],{"class":237},[56,86464,8129],{"class":66},[56,86466,86467,86469,86471,86473],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,86468,7552],{"class":62},[56,86470,67],{"class":66},[56,86472,34218],{"class":237},[56,86474,241],{"class":66},[14,86476,19459],{},[26,86478,86479,86485,86490],{},[29,86480,86481,86484],{},[18,86482,86483],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[29,86486,86487,86489],{},[18,86488,86197],{}," means open for reading",[29,86491,86492,86495],{},[18,86493,86494],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[42,86497,86499],{"id":86498},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[14,86501,86502],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[26,86504,86505,86510,86516,86521,86527,86533],{},[29,86506,86507,86509],{},[18,86508,86197],{}," = read a text file",[29,86511,86512,86515],{},[18,86513,86514],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[29,86517,86518,86520],{},[18,86519,17597],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[29,86522,86523,86526],{},[18,86524,86525],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[29,86528,86529,86532],{},[18,86530,86531],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[29,86534,86535,86538],{},[18,86536,86537],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[14,86540,187],{},[47,86542,86544],{"className":49,"code":86543,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,86545,86546,86551,86594],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86547,86548],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86549,86550],{"class":3123},"# Read a text file\n",[56,86552,86553,86555,86557,86559,86561,86564,86566,86568,86570,86572,86574,86576,86578,86580,86582,86584,86586,86588,86590,86592],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,86554,86118],{"class":3341},[56,86556,86121],{"class":62},[56,86558,67],{"class":66},[56,86560,938],{"class":937},[56,86562,86563],{"class":941},"data.txt",[56,86565,938],{"class":937},[56,86567,1080],{"class":66},[56,86569,1448],{"class":937},[56,86571,60028],{"class":941},[56,86573,938],{"class":937},[56,86575,1080],{"class":66},[56,86577,86143],{"class":8663},[56,86579,288],{"class":75},[56,86581,938],{"class":937},[56,86583,86150],{"class":941},[56,86585,938],{"class":937},[56,86587,3120],{"class":66},[56,86589,46876],{"class":3341},[56,86591,86160],{"class":86159},[56,86593,5871],{"class":66},[56,86595,86596,86598,86600,86602,86604,86606],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,86597,7552],{"class":62},[56,86599,67],{"class":66},[56,86601,86266],{"class":86159},[56,86603,497],{"class":66},[56,86605,86176],{"class":237},[56,86607,6674],{"class":66},[47,86609,86611],{"className":49,"code":86610,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[18,86612,86613,86618,86660],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86614,86615],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86616,86617],{"class":3123},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[56,86619,86620,86622,86624,86626,86628,86630,86632,86634,86636,86638,86640,86642,86644,86646,86648,86650,86652,86654,86656,86658],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,86621,86118],{"class":3341},[56,86623,86121],{"class":62},[56,86625,67],{"class":66},[56,86627,938],{"class":937},[56,86629,86563],{"class":941},[56,86631,938],{"class":937},[56,86633,1080],{"class":66},[56,86635,1448],{"class":937},[56,86637,60011],{"class":941},[56,86639,938],{"class":937},[56,86641,1080],{"class":66},[56,86643,86143],{"class":8663},[56,86645,288],{"class":75},[56,86647,938],{"class":937},[56,86649,86150],{"class":941},[56,86651,938],{"class":937},[56,86653,3120],{"class":66},[56,86655,46876],{"class":3341},[56,86657,86160],{"class":86159},[56,86659,5871],{"class":66},[56,86661,86662,86665,86667,86669,86671,86673,86675,86678,86680],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,86663,86664],{"class":86159},"    file",[56,86666,497],{"class":66},[56,86668,69719],{"class":237},[56,86670,67],{"class":66},[56,86672,938],{"class":937},[56,86674,34377],{"class":941},[56,86676,86677],{"class":33962},"\\n",[56,86679,938],{"class":937},[56,86681,241],{"class":66},[47,86683,86685],{"className":49,"code":86684,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[18,86686,86687,86692,86734],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86688,86689],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86690,86691],{"class":3123},"# Append to a text file\n",[56,86693,86694,86696,86698,86700,86702,86704,86706,86708,86710,86712,86714,86716,86718,86720,86722,86724,86726,86728,86730,86732],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,86695,86118],{"class":3341},[56,86697,86121],{"class":62},[56,86699,67],{"class":66},[56,86701,938],{"class":937},[56,86703,86563],{"class":941},[56,86705,938],{"class":937},[56,86707,1080],{"class":66},[56,86709,1448],{"class":937},[56,86711,372],{"class":941},[56,86713,938],{"class":937},[56,86715,1080],{"class":66},[56,86717,86143],{"class":8663},[56,86719,288],{"class":75},[56,86721,938],{"class":937},[56,86723,86150],{"class":941},[56,86725,938],{"class":937},[56,86727,3120],{"class":66},[56,86729,46876],{"class":3341},[56,86731,86160],{"class":86159},[56,86733,5871],{"class":66},[56,86735,86736,86738,86740,86742,86744,86746,86749,86751,86753],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,86737,86664],{"class":86159},[56,86739,497],{"class":66},[56,86741,69719],{"class":237},[56,86743,67],{"class":66},[56,86745,938],{"class":937},[56,86747,86748],{"class":941},"Another line",[56,86750,86677],{"class":33962},[56,86752,938],{"class":937},[56,86754,241],{"class":66},[14,86756,68871,86757,86759],{},[18,86758,86514],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[42,86761,86763],{"id":86762},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[14,86765,86766,21478,86768,497],{},[18,86767,86099],{},[3205,86769,86224],{},[14,86771,86772],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[26,86774,86775,86780,86785],{},[29,86776,86777],{},[18,86778,86779],{},"file.read()",[29,86781,86782],{},[18,86783,86784],{},"file.write()",[29,86786,86787],{},[18,86788,86789],{},"file.close()",[14,86791,86792],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[14,86794,274],{},[47,86796,86798],{"className":49,"code":86797,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[18,86799,86800,86842],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86801,86802,86804,86806,86808,86810,86812,86814,86816,86818,86820,86822,86824,86826,86828,86830,86832,86834,86836,86838,86840],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86803,86118],{"class":3341},[56,86805,86121],{"class":62},[56,86807,67],{"class":66},[56,86809,938],{"class":937},[56,86811,86128],{"class":941},[56,86813,938],{"class":937},[56,86815,1080],{"class":66},[56,86817,1448],{"class":937},[56,86819,60028],{"class":941},[56,86821,938],{"class":937},[56,86823,1080],{"class":66},[56,86825,86143],{"class":8663},[56,86827,288],{"class":75},[56,86829,938],{"class":937},[56,86831,86150],{"class":941},[56,86833,938],{"class":937},[56,86835,3120],{"class":66},[56,86837,46876],{"class":3341},[56,86839,86160],{"class":86159},[56,86841,5871],{"class":66},[56,86843,86844,86846,86848,86850,86852,86854],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,86845,7552],{"class":62},[56,86847,67],{"class":66},[56,86849,1314],{"class":989},[56,86851,67],{"class":66},[56,86853,86266],{"class":86159},[56,86855,83],{"class":66},[14,86857,29536],{},[47,86859,86861],{"className":49,"code":86860,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[18,86862,86863],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86864,86865,86867,86869,86871,86874,86876],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86866,1383],{"class":75},[56,86868,1386],{"class":124},[56,86870,1389],{"class":937},[56,86872,86873],{"class":941},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[56,86875,1394],{"class":937},[56,86877,1397],{"class":75},[14,86879,86880,86881,86883],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[18,86882,86099],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[42,86885,86887],{"id":86886},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[14,86889,86890],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[47,86892,86893],{"className":49,"code":86111,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,86894,86895,86937,86951],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86896,86897,86899,86901,86903,86905,86907,86909,86911,86913,86915,86917,86919,86921,86923,86925,86927,86929,86931,86933,86935],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86898,86118],{"class":3341},[56,86900,86121],{"class":62},[56,86902,67],{"class":66},[56,86904,938],{"class":937},[56,86906,86128],{"class":941},[56,86908,938],{"class":937},[56,86910,1080],{"class":66},[56,86912,1448],{"class":937},[56,86914,60028],{"class":941},[56,86916,938],{"class":937},[56,86918,1080],{"class":66},[56,86920,86143],{"class":8663},[56,86922,288],{"class":75},[56,86924,938],{"class":937},[56,86926,86150],{"class":941},[56,86928,938],{"class":937},[56,86930,3120],{"class":66},[56,86932,46876],{"class":3341},[56,86934,86160],{"class":86159},[56,86936,5871],{"class":66},[56,86938,86939,86941,86943,86945,86947,86949],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,86940,86167],{"class":284},[56,86942,288],{"class":75},[56,86944,86160],{"class":86159},[56,86946,497],{"class":66},[56,86948,86176],{"class":237},[56,86950,8129],{"class":66},[56,86952,86953,86955,86957,86959],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,86954,7552],{"class":62},[56,86956,67],{"class":66},[56,86958,86187],{"class":237},[56,86960,241],{"class":66},[14,86962,86963],{},"Why this is recommended:",[26,86965,86966,86971,86977,86980],{},[29,86967,86968,86970],{},[18,86969,86118],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[29,86972,86973,86974,86976],{},"It is safer than calling ",[18,86975,86254],{}," yourself",[29,86978,86979],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[29,86981,86982],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[14,86984,83276,86985,86987],{},[18,86986,86118],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[47,86989,86990],{"className":49,"code":86259,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,86991,86992,87030,87044,87054],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,86993,86994,86996,86998,87000,87002,87004,87006,87008,87010,87012,87014,87016,87018,87020,87022,87024,87026,87028],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,86995,86266],{"class":86159},[56,86997,12773],{"class":75},[56,86999,86121],{"class":62},[56,87001,67],{"class":66},[56,87003,938],{"class":937},[56,87005,86128],{"class":941},[56,87007,938],{"class":937},[56,87009,1080],{"class":66},[56,87011,1448],{"class":937},[56,87013,60028],{"class":941},[56,87015,938],{"class":937},[56,87017,1080],{"class":66},[56,87019,86143],{"class":8663},[56,87021,288],{"class":75},[56,87023,938],{"class":937},[56,87025,86150],{"class":941},[56,87027,938],{"class":937},[56,87029,241],{"class":66},[56,87031,87032,87034,87036,87038,87040,87042],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,87033,86305],{"class":284},[56,87035,288],{"class":75},[56,87037,86160],{"class":86159},[56,87039,497],{"class":66},[56,87041,86176],{"class":237},[56,87043,8129],{"class":66},[56,87045,87046,87048,87050,87052],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,87047,63],{"class":62},[56,87049,67],{"class":66},[56,87051,86187],{"class":237},[56,87053,241],{"class":66},[56,87055,87056,87058,87060,87062],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,87057,86266],{"class":86159},[56,87059,497],{"class":66},[56,87061,86334],{"class":237},[56,87063,8129],{"class":66},[14,87065,87066],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[42,87068,87070],{"id":87069},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[14,87072,87073,87074,87076],{},"Use mode ",[18,87075,86197],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[615,87078,87080],{"id":87079},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[14,87082,87083,87085],{},[18,87084,86234],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[47,87087,87088],{"className":49,"code":86111,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,87089,87090,87132,87146],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87091,87092,87094,87096,87098,87100,87102,87104,87106,87108,87110,87112,87114,87116,87118,87120,87122,87124,87126,87128,87130],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87093,86118],{"class":3341},[56,87095,86121],{"class":62},[56,87097,67],{"class":66},[56,87099,938],{"class":937},[56,87101,86128],{"class":941},[56,87103,938],{"class":937},[56,87105,1080],{"class":66},[56,87107,1448],{"class":937},[56,87109,60028],{"class":941},[56,87111,938],{"class":937},[56,87113,1080],{"class":66},[56,87115,86143],{"class":8663},[56,87117,288],{"class":75},[56,87119,938],{"class":937},[56,87121,86150],{"class":941},[56,87123,938],{"class":937},[56,87125,3120],{"class":66},[56,87127,46876],{"class":3341},[56,87129,86160],{"class":86159},[56,87131,5871],{"class":66},[56,87133,87134,87136,87138,87140,87142,87144],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,87135,86167],{"class":284},[56,87137,288],{"class":75},[56,87139,86160],{"class":86159},[56,87141,497],{"class":66},[56,87143,86176],{"class":237},[56,87145,8129],{"class":66},[56,87147,87148,87150,87152,87154],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,87149,7552],{"class":62},[56,87151,67],{"class":66},[56,87153,86187],{"class":237},[56,87155,241],{"class":66},[615,87157,87159],{"id":87158},"read-one-line","Read one line",[14,87161,87162,87164],{},[18,87163,86239],{}," reads one line at a time.",[47,87166,87168],{"className":49,"code":87167,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[18,87169,87170,87212,87228],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87171,87172,87174,87176,87178,87180,87182,87184,87186,87188,87190,87192,87194,87196,87198,87200,87202,87204,87206,87208,87210],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87173,86118],{"class":3341},[56,87175,86121],{"class":62},[56,87177,67],{"class":66},[56,87179,938],{"class":937},[56,87181,86128],{"class":941},[56,87183,938],{"class":937},[56,87185,1080],{"class":66},[56,87187,1448],{"class":937},[56,87189,60028],{"class":941},[56,87191,938],{"class":937},[56,87193,1080],{"class":66},[56,87195,86143],{"class":8663},[56,87197,288],{"class":75},[56,87199,938],{"class":937},[56,87201,86150],{"class":941},[56,87203,938],{"class":937},[56,87205,3120],{"class":66},[56,87207,46876],{"class":3341},[56,87209,86160],{"class":86159},[56,87211,5871],{"class":66},[56,87213,87214,87217,87219,87221,87223,87226],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,87215,87216],{"class":284},"    first_line ",[56,87218,288],{"class":75},[56,87220,86160],{"class":86159},[56,87222,497],{"class":66},[56,87224,87225],{"class":237},"readline",[56,87227,8129],{"class":66},[56,87229,87230,87232,87234,87237],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,87231,7552],{"class":62},[56,87233,67],{"class":66},[56,87235,87236],{"class":237},"first_line",[56,87238,241],{"class":66},[615,87240,87242],{"id":87241},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[14,87244,87245],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[47,87247,87249],{"className":49,"code":87248,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[18,87250,87251,87293,87307],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87252,87253,87255,87257,87259,87261,87263,87265,87267,87269,87271,87273,87275,87277,87279,87281,87283,87285,87287,87289,87291],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87254,86118],{"class":3341},[56,87256,86121],{"class":62},[56,87258,67],{"class":66},[56,87260,938],{"class":937},[56,87262,86128],{"class":941},[56,87264,938],{"class":937},[56,87266,1080],{"class":66},[56,87268,1448],{"class":937},[56,87270,60028],{"class":941},[56,87272,938],{"class":937},[56,87274,1080],{"class":66},[56,87276,86143],{"class":8663},[56,87278,288],{"class":75},[56,87280,938],{"class":937},[56,87282,86150],{"class":941},[56,87284,938],{"class":937},[56,87286,3120],{"class":66},[56,87288,46876],{"class":3341},[56,87290,86160],{"class":86159},[56,87292,5871],{"class":66},[56,87294,87295,87298,87301,87303,87305],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,87296,87297],{"class":3341},"    for",[56,87299,87300],{"class":284}," line ",[56,87302,3348],{"class":3341},[56,87304,86160],{"class":86159},[56,87306,5871],{"class":66},[56,87308,87309,87311,87313,87315,87317,87319],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,87310,46856],{"class":62},[56,87312,67],{"class":66},[56,87314,58],{"class":237},[56,87316,497],{"class":66},[56,87318,8120],{"class":237},[56,87320,6674],{"class":66},[14,87322,87323,87324,964,87328,497],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[372,87325,87327],{"href":87326},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[372,87329,87331],{"href":87330},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[42,87333,87335],{"id":87334},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[14,87337,153,87338,87340],{},[18,87339,86514],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[47,87342,87344],{"className":49,"code":87343,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[18,87345,87346,87389,87410],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87347,87348,87350,87352,87354,87356,87359,87361,87363,87365,87367,87369,87371,87373,87375,87377,87379,87381,87383,87385,87387],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87349,86118],{"class":3341},[56,87351,86121],{"class":62},[56,87353,67],{"class":66},[56,87355,938],{"class":937},[56,87357,87358],{"class":941},"output.txt",[56,87360,938],{"class":937},[56,87362,1080],{"class":66},[56,87364,1448],{"class":937},[56,87366,60011],{"class":941},[56,87368,938],{"class":937},[56,87370,1080],{"class":66},[56,87372,86143],{"class":8663},[56,87374,288],{"class":75},[56,87376,938],{"class":937},[56,87378,86150],{"class":941},[56,87380,938],{"class":937},[56,87382,3120],{"class":66},[56,87384,46876],{"class":3341},[56,87386,86160],{"class":86159},[56,87388,5871],{"class":66},[56,87390,87391,87393,87395,87397,87399,87401,87404,87406,87408],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,87392,86664],{"class":86159},[56,87394,497],{"class":66},[56,87396,69719],{"class":237},[56,87398,67],{"class":66},[56,87400,938],{"class":937},[56,87402,87403],{"class":941},"First line",[56,87405,86677],{"class":33962},[56,87407,938],{"class":937},[56,87409,241],{"class":66},[56,87411,87412,87414,87416,87418,87420,87422,87425,87427,87429],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,87413,86664],{"class":86159},[56,87415,497],{"class":66},[56,87417,69719],{"class":237},[56,87419,67],{"class":66},[56,87421,938],{"class":937},[56,87423,87424],{"class":941},"Second line",[56,87426,86677],{"class":33962},[56,87428,938],{"class":937},[56,87430,241],{"class":66},[14,87432,153,87433,87435],{},[18,87434,17597],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[47,87437,87439],{"className":49,"code":87438,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[18,87440,87441,87483],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87442,87443,87445,87447,87449,87451,87453,87455,87457,87459,87461,87463,87465,87467,87469,87471,87473,87475,87477,87479,87481],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87444,86118],{"class":3341},[56,87446,86121],{"class":62},[56,87448,67],{"class":66},[56,87450,938],{"class":937},[56,87452,87358],{"class":941},[56,87454,938],{"class":937},[56,87456,1080],{"class":66},[56,87458,1448],{"class":937},[56,87460,372],{"class":941},[56,87462,938],{"class":937},[56,87464,1080],{"class":66},[56,87466,86143],{"class":8663},[56,87468,288],{"class":75},[56,87470,938],{"class":937},[56,87472,86150],{"class":941},[56,87474,938],{"class":937},[56,87476,3120],{"class":66},[56,87478,46876],{"class":3341},[56,87480,86160],{"class":86159},[56,87482,5871],{"class":66},[56,87484,87485,87487,87489,87491,87493,87495,87498,87500,87502],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,87486,86664],{"class":86159},[56,87488,497],{"class":66},[56,87490,69719],{"class":237},[56,87492,67],{"class":66},[56,87494,938],{"class":937},[56,87496,87497],{"class":941},"Third line",[56,87499,86677],{"class":33962},[56,87501,938],{"class":937},[56,87503,241],{"class":66},[14,87505,87506],{},"Important detail:",[26,87508,87509,87514,87521],{},[29,87510,87511,87513],{},[18,87512,86249],{}," writes a string",[29,87515,87516,13551,87518,87520],{},[18,87517,86249],{},[3205,87519,4101],{}," add a newline for you",[29,87522,87523,87524,86976],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[18,87525,86677],{},[14,87527,87528,87529,964,87533,497],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[372,87530,87532],{"href":87531},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[372,87534,87536],{"href":87535},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[42,87538,87540],{"id":87539},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[14,87542,87543],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[615,87545,87547],{"id":87546},"encodingutf-8",[18,87548,86494],{},[14,87550,87551],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[47,87553,87555],{"className":49,"code":87554,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,87556,87557,87600],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87558,87559,87561,87563,87565,87567,87570,87572,87574,87576,87578,87580,87582,87584,87586,87588,87590,87592,87594,87596,87598],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87560,86118],{"class":3341},[56,87562,86121],{"class":62},[56,87564,67],{"class":66},[56,87566,938],{"class":937},[56,87568,87569],{"class":941},"message.txt",[56,87571,938],{"class":937},[56,87573,1080],{"class":66},[56,87575,1448],{"class":937},[56,87577,60028],{"class":941},[56,87579,938],{"class":937},[56,87581,1080],{"class":66},[56,87583,86143],{"class":8663},[56,87585,288],{"class":75},[56,87587,938],{"class":937},[56,87589,86150],{"class":941},[56,87591,938],{"class":937},[56,87593,3120],{"class":66},[56,87595,46876],{"class":3341},[56,87597,86160],{"class":86159},[56,87599,5871],{"class":66},[56,87601,87602,87604,87606,87608,87610,87612],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,87603,7552],{"class":62},[56,87605,67],{"class":66},[56,87607,86266],{"class":86159},[56,87609,497],{"class":66},[56,87611,86176],{"class":237},[56,87613,6674],{"class":66},[14,87615,87616],{},"Why it matters:",[26,87618,87619,87622,87625],{},[29,87620,87621],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[29,87623,87624],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[29,87626,87627],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[615,87629,87631],{"id":87630},"newline",[18,87632,87630],{},[14,87634,87635],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[14,87637,87638],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[615,87640,87642],{"id":87641},"buffering",[18,87643,87641],{},[14,87645,87646],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[14,87648,87649],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[42,87651,87653],{"id":87652},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[14,87655,87656],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[615,87658,87660],{"id":87659},"filenotfounderror",[18,87661,87662],{},"FileNotFoundError",[14,87664,87665],{},"This happens when:",[26,87667,87668,87671,87674],{},[29,87669,87670],{},"the file does not exist",[29,87672,87673],{},"the path is wrong",[29,87675,87676],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[14,87678,274],{},[47,87680,87682],{"className":49,"code":87681,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,87683,87684,87727],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87685,87686,87688,87690,87692,87694,87697,87699,87701,87703,87705,87707,87709,87711,87713,87715,87717,87719,87721,87723,87725],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87687,86118],{"class":3341},[56,87689,86121],{"class":62},[56,87691,67],{"class":66},[56,87693,938],{"class":937},[56,87695,87696],{"class":941},"missing.txt",[56,87698,938],{"class":937},[56,87700,1080],{"class":66},[56,87702,1448],{"class":937},[56,87704,60028],{"class":941},[56,87706,938],{"class":937},[56,87708,1080],{"class":66},[56,87710,86143],{"class":8663},[56,87712,288],{"class":75},[56,87714,938],{"class":937},[56,87716,86150],{"class":941},[56,87718,938],{"class":937},[56,87720,3120],{"class":66},[56,87722,46876],{"class":3341},[56,87724,86160],{"class":86159},[56,87726,5871],{"class":66},[56,87728,87729,87731,87733,87735,87737,87739],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,87730,7552],{"class":62},[56,87732,67],{"class":66},[56,87734,86266],{"class":86159},[56,87736,497],{"class":66},[56,87738,86176],{"class":237},[56,87740,6674],{"class":66},[14,87742,87743,87744,3862,87752,497],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[372,87745,87747,87748,87751],{"href":87746},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[56,87749,87750],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[372,87753,87755],{"href":87754},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[615,87757,87759],{"id":87758},"permissionerror",[18,87760,87761],{},"PermissionError",[14,87763,87764],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[14,87766,87767],{},"Example causes:",[26,87769,87770,87773,87776],{},[29,87771,87772],{},"the file is protected",[29,87774,87775],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[29,87777,87778],{},"another program is blocking access",[14,87780,87781,87782],{},"Related page: ",[372,87783,87785,87786,87789],{"href":87784},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[56,87787,87788],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[615,87791,87793],{"id":87792},"isadirectoryerror",[18,87794,87795],{},"IsADirectoryError",[14,87797,87798],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[14,87800,274],{},[47,87802,87804],{"className":49,"code":87803,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,87805,87806,87849],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87807,87808,87810,87812,87814,87816,87819,87821,87823,87825,87827,87829,87831,87833,87835,87837,87839,87841,87843,87845,87847],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87809,86118],{"class":3341},[56,87811,86121],{"class":62},[56,87813,67],{"class":66},[56,87815,938],{"class":937},[56,87817,87818],{"class":941},"my_folder",[56,87820,938],{"class":937},[56,87822,1080],{"class":66},[56,87824,1448],{"class":937},[56,87826,60028],{"class":941},[56,87828,938],{"class":937},[56,87830,1080],{"class":66},[56,87832,86143],{"class":8663},[56,87834,288],{"class":75},[56,87836,938],{"class":937},[56,87838,86150],{"class":941},[56,87840,938],{"class":937},[56,87842,3120],{"class":66},[56,87844,46876],{"class":3341},[56,87846,86160],{"class":86159},[56,87848,5871],{"class":66},[56,87850,87851,87853,87855,87857,87859,87861],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,87852,7552],{"class":62},[56,87854,67],{"class":66},[56,87856,86266],{"class":86159},[56,87858,497],{"class":66},[56,87860,86176],{"class":237},[56,87862,6674],{"class":66},[14,87864,87781,87865],{},[372,87866,87868,87869,87872],{"href":87867},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[56,87870,87871],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[615,87874,87876],{"id":87875},"unicodedecodeerror",[18,87877,87878],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[14,87880,87881,87882,497],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[18,87883,86099],{},[14,87885,87781,87886],{},[372,87887,87889],{"href":87888},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[42,87891,87893],{"id":87892},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[14,87895,87896,87897,87899],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[18,87898,86099],{}," function.",[14,87901,87902],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[26,87904,87905,87908,87911,87917],{},[29,87906,87907],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[29,87909,87910],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[29,87912,87913,87914,87916],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[18,87915,86099],{}," itself",[29,87918,87919,87920],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[372,87921,87923],{"href":87922},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[42,87925,912],{"id":911},[14,87927,87928,87929,971],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,87930,86099],{},[26,87932,87933,87938,87944,87949,87952,87955],{},[29,87934,7902,87935,87937],{},[18,87936,86197],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[29,87939,87940,87941,87943],{},"Forgetting to use ",[18,87942,86398],{}," for text files",[29,87945,7902,87946,87948],{},[18,87947,86514],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[29,87950,87951],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[29,87953,87954],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[29,87956,87957],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[14,87959,87960],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[47,87962,87964],{"className":49,"code":87963,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[18,87965,87966,87973],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87967,87968,87970],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87969,34601],{"class":3341},[56,87971,87972],{"class":284}," os\n",[56,87974,87975,87977,87979,87981,87983,87986],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,87976,63],{"class":62},[56,87978,67],{"class":66},[56,87980,42142],{"class":237},[56,87982,497],{"class":66},[56,87984,87985],{"class":237},"getcwd",[56,87987,6674],{"class":66},[14,87989,87990],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[47,87992,87994],{"className":49,"code":87993,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[18,87995,87996,88002],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,87997,87998,88000],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,87999,34601],{"class":3341},[56,88001,87972],{"class":284},[56,88003,88004,88006,88008,88010,88012,88015,88017,88020,88022,88024,88026,88028],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,88005,63],{"class":62},[56,88007,67],{"class":66},[56,88009,42142],{"class":237},[56,88011,497],{"class":66},[56,88013,88014],{"class":24254},"path",[56,88016,497],{"class":66},[56,88018,88019],{"class":237},"exists",[56,88021,67],{"class":66},[56,88023,938],{"class":937},[56,88025,86128],{"class":941},[56,88027,938],{"class":937},[56,88029,83],{"class":66},[14,88031,88032],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[47,88034,88036],{"className":49,"code":88035,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[18,88037,88038,88044],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88039,88040,88042],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88041,34601],{"class":3341},[56,88043,87972],{"class":284},[56,88045,88046,88048,88050,88052,88054,88056,88058,88061,88063,88065,88067,88069],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,88047,63],{"class":62},[56,88049,67],{"class":66},[56,88051,42142],{"class":237},[56,88053,497],{"class":66},[56,88055,88014],{"class":24254},[56,88057,497],{"class":66},[56,88059,88060],{"class":237},"isfile",[56,88062,67],{"class":66},[56,88064,938],{"class":937},[56,88066,86128],{"class":941},[56,88068,938],{"class":937},[56,88070,83],{"class":66},[14,88072,88073],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[47,88075,88077],{"className":49,"code":88076,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[18,88078,88079,88121],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88080,88081,88083,88085,88087,88089,88091,88093,88095,88097,88099,88101,88103,88105,88107,88109,88111,88113,88115,88117,88119],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88082,86118],{"class":3341},[56,88084,86121],{"class":62},[56,88086,67],{"class":66},[56,88088,938],{"class":937},[56,88090,86128],{"class":941},[56,88092,938],{"class":937},[56,88094,1080],{"class":66},[56,88096,1448],{"class":937},[56,88098,60028],{"class":941},[56,88100,938],{"class":937},[56,88102,1080],{"class":66},[56,88104,86143],{"class":8663},[56,88106,288],{"class":75},[56,88108,938],{"class":937},[56,88110,86150],{"class":941},[56,88112,938],{"class":937},[56,88114,3120],{"class":66},[56,88116,46876],{"class":3341},[56,88118,86160],{"class":86159},[56,88120,5871],{"class":66},[56,88122,88123,88125,88127,88129,88131,88133],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,88124,7552],{"class":62},[56,88126,67],{"class":66},[56,88128,86266],{"class":86159},[56,88130,497],{"class":66},[56,88132,86176],{"class":237},[56,88134,6674],{"class":66},[14,88136,88137],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[42,88139,1553],{"id":1552},[615,88141,88143],{"id":88142},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[14,88145,88146],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[615,88148,88150],{"id":88149},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[14,88152,88153,88154,88156],{},"Use it inside a ",[18,88155,86118],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[615,88158,4653,88160,3862,88162,88164],{"id":88159},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[18,88161,86514],{},[18,88163,17597],{}," mode?",[14,88166,88167,88169,88170,88172],{},[18,88168,86514],{}," overwrites the file. ",[18,88171,17597],{}," adds new content to the end.",[615,88174,88176],{"id":88175},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[14,88178,88179],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[615,88181,88183],{"id":88182},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[14,88185,88186,88187,88189],{},"It is a good habit. ",[18,88188,86494],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[42,88191,1601],{"id":1600},[26,88193,88194,88198,88202,88206,88210,88214,88218,88224],{},[29,88195,88196],{},[372,88197,87327],{"href":87326},[29,88199,88200],{},[372,88201,87532],{"href":87531},[29,88203,88204],{},[372,88205,87536],{"href":87535},[29,88207,88208],{},[372,88209,87331],{"href":87330},[29,88211,88212],{},[372,88213,87923],{"href":87922},[29,88215,88216],{},[372,88217,87755],{"href":87754},[29,88219,88220],{},[372,88221,87747,88222,87751],{"href":87746},[56,88223,87750],{},[29,88225,88226],{},[372,88227,87785,88228,87789],{"href":87784},[56,88229,87788],{},[1633,88231,88232],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":88234},[88235,88236,88237,88238,88239,88240,88241,88246,88247,88252,88258,88259,88260,88268],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":86201,"depth":86,"text":86202},{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":86498,"depth":86,"text":86499},{"id":86762,"depth":86,"text":86763},{"id":86886,"depth":86,"text":86887},{"id":87069,"depth":86,"text":87070,"children":88242},[88243,88244,88245],{"id":87079,"depth":102,"text":87080},{"id":87158,"depth":102,"text":87159},{"id":87241,"depth":102,"text":87242},{"id":87334,"depth":86,"text":87335},{"id":87539,"depth":86,"text":87540,"children":88248},[88249,88250,88251],{"id":87546,"depth":102,"text":86494},{"id":87630,"depth":102,"text":87630},{"id":87641,"depth":102,"text":87641},{"id":87652,"depth":86,"text":87653,"children":88253},[88254,88255,88256,88257],{"id":87659,"depth":102,"text":87662},{"id":87758,"depth":102,"text":87761},{"id":87792,"depth":102,"text":87795},{"id":87875,"depth":102,"text":87878},{"id":87892,"depth":86,"text":87893},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":88261},[88262,88263,88264,88266,88267],{"id":88142,"depth":102,"text":88143},{"id":88149,"depth":102,"text":88150},{"id":88159,"depth":102,"text":88265},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88175,"depth":102,"text":88176},{"id":88182,"depth":102,"text":88183},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86089,"description":88269},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88276,"title":88277,"body":88278,"description":90273,"extension":1665,"meta":90274,"navigation":316,"path":90275,"seo":90276,"stem":90277,"__hash__":90278},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88279,"toc":90220},[88280,88285,88290,88296,88298,88366,88368,88387,88392,88397,88402,88405,88417,88419,88462,88464,88482,88493,88495,88497,88522,88524,88535,88537,88597,88599,88625,88628,88632,88637,88641,88644,88678,88682,88685,88710,88714,88737,88741,88774,88779,88783,88788,88791,88859,88861,88885,88890,88893,88924,88926,88958,88975,88979,88984,89008,89015,89020,89025,89028,89032,89067,89069,89078,89082,89173,89175,89206,89211,89218,89223,89232,89235,89269,89271,89285,89289,89330,89332,89341,89345,89393,89395,89409,89414,89425,89432,89438,89440,89475,89477,89491,89494,89516,89522,89551,89562,89568,89574,89588,89590,89669,89671,89721,89728,89730,89735,89739,89742,89757,89762,89764,89783,89789,89792,89807,89809,89827,89833,89838,89868,89871,89894,89897,89924,89931,89937,89945,89968,89973,89981,89983,90003,90007,90013,90063,90066,90088,90090,90096,90104,90110,90116,90124,90129,90133,90136,90159,90164,90171,90183,90185,90217],[10,88281,3031,88283,3035],{"id":88282},"python-print-function-explained",[18,88284,45970],{},[14,88286,31825,88287,88289],{},[18,88288,45970],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[14,88291,88292,88293,88295],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[18,88294,45970],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[42,88297,45],{"id":44},[47,88299,88301],{"className":49,"code":88300,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[18,88302,88303,88315,88324,88328,88338,88348],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88304,88305,88307,88309,88311,88313],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88306,7359],{"class":284},[56,88308,288],{"class":75},[56,88310,1448],{"class":937},[56,88312,7404],{"class":941},[56,88314,1454],{"class":937},[56,88316,88317,88319,88321],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,88318,21131],{"class":284},[56,88320,288],{"class":75},[56,88322,88323],{"class":79}," 12\n",[56,88325,88326],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,88327,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,88329,88330,88332,88334,88336],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,88331,63],{"class":62},[56,88333,67],{"class":66},[56,88335,7149],{"class":237},[56,88337,241],{"class":66},[56,88339,88340,88342,88344,88346],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,88341,63],{"class":62},[56,88343,67],{"class":66},[56,88345,8787],{"class":237},[56,88347,241],{"class":66},[56,88349,88350,88352,88354,88356,88358,88360,88362,88364],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,88351,63],{"class":62},[56,88353,67],{"class":66},[56,88355,938],{"class":937},[56,88357,34377],{"class":941},[56,88359,938],{"class":937},[56,88361,1080],{"class":66},[56,88363,35503],{"class":237},[56,88365,241],{"class":66},[14,88367,130],{},[47,88369,88371],{"className":49,"code":88370,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[18,88372,88373,88378,88382],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88374,88375],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88376,88377],{"class":284},"Mia\n",[56,88379,88380],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,88381,294],{"class":79},[56,88383,88384],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,88385,88386],{"class":284},"Hello Mia\n",[14,88388,153,88389,88391],{},[18,88390,45970],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[42,88393,3138,88395,3141],{"id":88394},"what-print-does",[18,88396,45970],{},[14,88398,88399,88401],{},[18,88400,45970],{}," sends output to the screen.",[14,88403,88404],{},"You can use it to display:",[26,88406,88407,88409,88411,88414],{},[29,88408,34218],{},[29,88410,3107],{},[29,88412,88413],{},"variables",[29,88415,88416],{},"expressions",[14,88418,274],{},[47,88420,88422],{"className":49,"code":88421,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[18,88423,88424,88438,88448],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88425,88426,88428,88430,88432,88434,88436],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88427,63],{"class":62},[56,88429,67],{"class":66},[56,88431,938],{"class":937},[56,88433,34377],{"class":941},[56,88435,938],{"class":937},[56,88437,241],{"class":66},[56,88439,88440,88442,88444,88446],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,88441,63],{"class":62},[56,88443,67],{"class":66},[56,88445,198],{"class":79},[56,88447,241],{"class":66},[56,88449,88450,88452,88454,88456,88458,88460],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,88451,63],{"class":62},[56,88453,67],{"class":66},[56,88455,115],{"class":79},[56,88457,532],{"class":75},[56,88459,529],{"class":79},[56,88461,241],{"class":66},[14,88463,130],{},[47,88465,88467],{"className":49,"code":88466,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[18,88468,88469,88474,88478],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88470,88471],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88472,88473],{"class":284},"Hello\n",[56,88475,88476],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,88477,1035],{"class":79},[56,88479,88480],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,88481,1035],{"class":79},[14,88483,88484,88485,88487,88488,88492],{},"A very important detail is that ",[18,88486,45970],{}," ",[3205,88489,3153,88490],{},[18,88491,3241],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[42,88494,220],{"id":219},[14,88496,30232],{},[47,88498,88500],{"className":49,"code":88499,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[18,88501,88502],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88503,88504,88506,88508,88511,88513,88516,88518,88520],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88505,63],{"class":62},[56,88507,67],{"class":66},[56,88509,88510],{"class":237},"object1",[56,88512,1080],{"class":66},[56,88514,88515],{"class":237}," object2",[56,88517,1080],{"class":66},[56,88519,33963],{"class":62},[56,88521,241],{"class":66},[14,88523,79727],{},[26,88525,88526,88529,88532],{},[29,88527,88528],{},"one value",[29,88530,88531],{},"many values",[29,88533,88534],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[14,88536,274],{},[47,88538,88540],{"className":49,"code":88539,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[18,88541,88542,88556,88575],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88543,88544,88546,88548,88550,88552,88554],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88545,63],{"class":62},[56,88547,67],{"class":66},[56,88549,938],{"class":937},[56,88551,57290],{"class":941},[56,88553,938],{"class":937},[56,88555,241],{"class":66},[56,88557,88558,88560,88562,88564,88567,88569,88571,88573],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,88559,63],{"class":62},[56,88561,67],{"class":66},[56,88563,938],{"class":937},[56,88565,88566],{"class":941},"Score:",[56,88568,938],{"class":937},[56,88570,1080],{"class":66},[56,88572,5481],{"class":79},[56,88574,241],{"class":66},[56,88576,88577,88579,88581,88583,88585,88587,88589,88591,88593,88595],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,88578,63],{"class":62},[56,88580,67],{"class":66},[56,88582,938],{"class":937},[56,88584,45081],{"class":941},[56,88586,938],{"class":937},[56,88588,1080],{"class":66},[56,88590,535],{"class":79},[56,88592,532],{"class":75},[56,88594,37157],{"class":79},[56,88596,241],{"class":66},[14,88598,130],{},[47,88600,88602],{"className":49,"code":88601,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[18,88603,88604,88608,88617],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88605,88606],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88607,84880],{"class":284},[56,88609,88610,88613,88615],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,88611,88612],{"class":284},"Score",[56,88614,971],{"class":66},[56,88616,668],{"class":79},[56,88618,88619,88621,88623],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,88620,45121],{"class":284},[56,88622,971],{"class":66},[56,88624,668],{"class":79},[14,88626,88627],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[42,88629,88631],{"id":88630},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[14,88633,88634,88635,497],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[18,88636,45970],{},[615,88638,88640],{"id":88639},"print-text","Print text",[14,88642,88643],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[47,88645,88647],{"className":49,"code":88646,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[18,88648,88649,88663],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88650,88651,88653,88655,88657,88659,88661],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88652,63],{"class":62},[56,88654,67],{"class":66},[56,88656,938],{"class":937},[56,88658,34377],{"class":941},[56,88660,938],{"class":937},[56,88662,241],{"class":66},[56,88664,88665,88667,88669,88671,88674,88676],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,88666,63],{"class":62},[56,88668,67],{"class":66},[56,88670,938],{"class":937},[56,88672,88673],{"class":941},"Python is fun",[56,88675,938],{"class":937},[56,88677,241],{"class":66},[615,88679,88681],{"id":88680},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[14,88683,88684],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[47,88686,88688],{"className":49,"code":88687,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[18,88689,88690,88700],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88691,88692,88694,88696,88698],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88693,63],{"class":62},[56,88695,67],{"class":66},[56,88697,198],{"class":79},[56,88699,241],{"class":66},[56,88701,88702,88704,88706,88708],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,88703,63],{"class":62},[56,88705,67],{"class":66},[56,88707,39658],{"class":79},[56,88709,241],{"class":66},[615,88711,88713],{"id":88712},"print-variables","Print variables",[47,88715,88717],{"className":49,"code":88716,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[18,88718,88719,88727],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88720,88721,88723,88725],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88722,4568],{"class":284},[56,88724,288],{"class":75},[56,88726,13628],{"class":79},[56,88728,88729,88731,88733,88735],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,88730,63],{"class":62},[56,88732,67],{"class":66},[56,88734,85044],{"class":237},[56,88736,241],{"class":66},[615,88738,88740],{"id":88739},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[47,88742,88744],{"className":49,"code":88743,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[18,88745,88746,88760],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88747,88748,88750,88752,88754,88756,88758],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88749,63],{"class":62},[56,88751,67],{"class":66},[56,88753,115],{"class":79},[56,88755,532],{"class":75},[56,88757,529],{"class":79},[56,88759,241],{"class":66},[56,88761,88762,88764,88766,88768,88770,88772],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,88763,63],{"class":62},[56,88765,67],{"class":66},[56,88767,406],{"class":79},[56,88769,82356],{"class":75},[56,88771,535],{"class":79},[56,88773,241],{"class":66},[14,88775,88776,88777,497],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[372,88778,50496],{"href":50495},[42,88780,88782],{"id":88781},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[14,88784,88785,88787],{},[18,88786,45970],{}," can take more than one argument.",[14,88789,88790],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[47,88792,88794],{"className":49,"code":88793,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,88795,88796,88809,88817,88821,88840],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88797,88798,88800,88802,88804,88807],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88799,7359],{"class":284},[56,88801,288],{"class":75},[56,88803,1448],{"class":937},[56,88805,88806],{"class":941},"Ava",[56,88808,1454],{"class":937},[56,88810,88811,88813,88815],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,88812,21131],{"class":284},[56,88814,288],{"class":75},[56,88816,668],{"class":79},[56,88818,88819],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,88820,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,88822,88823,88825,88827,88829,88832,88834,88836,88838],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,88824,63],{"class":62},[56,88826,67],{"class":66},[56,88828,938],{"class":937},[56,88830,88831],{"class":941},"Name:",[56,88833,938],{"class":937},[56,88835,1080],{"class":66},[56,88837,35503],{"class":237},[56,88839,241],{"class":66},[56,88841,88842,88844,88846,88848,88851,88853,88855,88857],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,88843,63],{"class":62},[56,88845,67],{"class":66},[56,88847,938],{"class":937},[56,88849,88850],{"class":941},"Age:",[56,88852,938],{"class":937},[56,88854,1080],{"class":66},[56,88856,8676],{"class":237},[56,88858,241],{"class":66},[14,88860,130],{},[47,88862,88864],{"className":49,"code":88863,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[18,88865,88866,88876],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88867,88868,88871,88873],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88869,88870],{"class":284},"Name",[56,88872,971],{"class":66},[56,88874,88875],{"class":284}," Ava\n",[56,88877,88878,88881,88883],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,88879,88880],{"class":284},"Age",[56,88882,971],{"class":66},[56,88884,668],{"class":79},[14,88886,88887,88888,497],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[18,88889,118],{},[14,88891,88892],{},"For example, this works:",[47,88894,88896],{"className":49,"code":88895,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,88897,88898,88906],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88899,88900,88902,88904],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88901,21131],{"class":284},[56,88903,288],{"class":75},[56,88905,668],{"class":79},[56,88907,88908,88910,88912,88914,88916,88918,88920,88922],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,88909,63],{"class":62},[56,88911,67],{"class":66},[56,88913,938],{"class":937},[56,88915,88850],{"class":941},[56,88917,938],{"class":937},[56,88919,1080],{"class":66},[56,88921,8676],{"class":237},[56,88923,241],{"class":66},[14,88925,36439],{},[47,88927,88929],{"className":49,"code":88928,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[18,88930,88931,88939],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,88932,88933,88935,88937],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,88934,21131],{"class":284},[56,88936,288],{"class":75},[56,88938,668],{"class":79},[56,88940,88941,88943,88945,88947,88950,88952,88954,88956],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,88942,63],{"class":62},[56,88944,67],{"class":66},[56,88946,938],{"class":937},[56,88948,88949],{"class":941},"Age: ",[56,88951,938],{"class":937},[56,88953,532],{"class":75},[56,88955,8676],{"class":237},[56,88957,241],{"class":66},[14,88959,88960,88961,88964,88965,88967,88968,88970,88971,497],{},"That fails because ",[18,88962,88963],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[18,88966,8787],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[18,88969,118],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[372,88972,88973],{"href":41691},[18,88974,47202],{},[42,88976,88978],{"id":88977},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[14,88980,88981,88983],{},[18,88982,45970],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[26,88985,88986,88992,88997,89002],{},[29,88987,88988,88991],{},[18,88989,88990],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[29,88993,88994,88996],{},[18,88995,52181],{}," controls what is added after the output",[29,88998,88999,89001],{},[18,89000,86266],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[29,89003,89004,89007],{},[18,89005,89006],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[14,89009,89010,89011,3862,89013,497],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[18,89012,88990],{},[18,89014,52181],{},[42,89016,89018,36128],{"id":89017},"sep-argument",[18,89019,88990],{},[14,89021,16,89022,89024],{},[18,89023,88990],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[14,89026,89027],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[615,89029,89031],{"id":89030},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[47,89033,89035],{"className":49,"code":89034,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[18,89036,89037],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89038,89039,89041,89043,89045,89047,89049,89051,89053,89055,89057,89059,89061,89063,89065],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89040,63],{"class":62},[56,89042,67],{"class":66},[56,89044,938],{"class":937},[56,89046,12589],{"class":941},[56,89048,938],{"class":937},[56,89050,1080],{"class":66},[56,89052,1448],{"class":937},[56,89054,16956],{"class":941},[56,89056,938],{"class":937},[56,89058,1080],{"class":66},[56,89060,1448],{"class":937},[56,89062,12606],{"class":941},[56,89064,938],{"class":937},[56,89066,241],{"class":66},[14,89068,130],{},[47,89070,89072],{"className":49,"code":89071,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"red green blue\n",[18,89073,89074],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89075,89076],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89077,89071],{"class":284},[615,89079,89081],{"id":89080},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[47,89083,89085],{"className":49,"code":89084,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[18,89086,89087,89130],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89088,89089,89091,89093,89095,89097,89099,89101,89103,89105,89107,89109,89111,89113,89115,89117,89120,89122,89124,89126,89128],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89090,63],{"class":62},[56,89092,67],{"class":66},[56,89094,938],{"class":937},[56,89096,12589],{"class":941},[56,89098,938],{"class":937},[56,89100,1080],{"class":66},[56,89102,1448],{"class":937},[56,89104,16956],{"class":941},[56,89106,938],{"class":937},[56,89108,1080],{"class":66},[56,89110,1448],{"class":937},[56,89112,12606],{"class":941},[56,89114,938],{"class":937},[56,89116,1080],{"class":66},[56,89118,89119],{"class":8663}," sep",[56,89121,288],{"class":75},[56,89123,938],{"class":937},[56,89125,1080],{"class":941},[56,89127,938],{"class":937},[56,89129,241],{"class":66},[56,89131,89132,89134,89136,89138,89140,89142,89144,89146,89148,89150,89152,89154,89156,89158,89160,89162,89164,89166,89169,89171],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,89133,63],{"class":62},[56,89135,67],{"class":66},[56,89137,938],{"class":937},[56,89139,12589],{"class":941},[56,89141,938],{"class":937},[56,89143,1080],{"class":66},[56,89145,1448],{"class":937},[56,89147,16956],{"class":941},[56,89149,938],{"class":937},[56,89151,1080],{"class":66},[56,89153,1448],{"class":937},[56,89155,12606],{"class":941},[56,89157,938],{"class":937},[56,89159,1080],{"class":66},[56,89161,89119],{"class":8663},[56,89163,288],{"class":75},[56,89165,938],{"class":937},[56,89167,89168],{"class":941}," - ",[56,89170,938],{"class":937},[56,89172,241],{"class":66},[14,89174,130],{},[47,89176,89178],{"className":49,"code":89177,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[18,89179,89180,89192],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89181,89182,89184,89186,89188,89190],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89183,12589],{"class":284},[56,89185,1080],{"class":66},[56,89187,16956],{"class":284},[56,89189,1080],{"class":66},[56,89191,69505],{"class":284},[56,89193,89194,89197,89199,89202,89204],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,89195,89196],{"class":284},"red ",[56,89198,76],{"class":75},[56,89200,89201],{"class":284}," green ",[56,89203,76],{"class":75},[56,89205,35392],{"class":284},[14,89207,89208,89210],{},[18,89209,88990],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[14,89212,89213,89214,497],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[372,89215,89217],{"href":89216},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[42,89219,89221,36128],{"id":89220},"end-argument",[18,89222,52181],{},[14,89224,89225,89226,89228,89229,89231],{},"By default, ",[18,89227,45970],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[18,89230,45970],{}," starts on a new line.",[615,89233,89031],{"id":89234},"default-behavior-1",[47,89236,89238],{"className":49,"code":89237,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,89239,89240,89254],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89241,89242,89244,89246,89248,89250,89252],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89243,63],{"class":62},[56,89245,67],{"class":66},[56,89247,938],{"class":937},[56,89249,34377],{"class":941},[56,89251,938],{"class":937},[56,89253,241],{"class":66},[56,89255,89256,89258,89260,89262,89265,89267],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,89257,63],{"class":62},[56,89259,67],{"class":66},[56,89261,938],{"class":937},[56,89263,89264],{"class":941},"World",[56,89266,938],{"class":937},[56,89268,241],{"class":66},[14,89270,130],{},[47,89272,89274],{"className":49,"code":89273,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Hello\nWorld\n",[18,89275,89276,89280],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89277,89278],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89279,88473],{"class":284},[56,89281,89282],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,89283,89284],{"class":284},"World\n",[615,89286,89288],{"id":89287},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[47,89290,89292],{"className":49,"code":89291,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,89293,89294,89316],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89295,89296,89298,89300,89302,89304,89306,89308,89310,89312,89314],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89297,63],{"class":62},[56,89299,67],{"class":66},[56,89301,938],{"class":937},[56,89303,34377],{"class":941},[56,89305,938],{"class":937},[56,89307,1080],{"class":66},[56,89309,64564],{"class":8663},[56,89311,288],{"class":75},[56,89313,5749],{"class":937},[56,89315,241],{"class":66},[56,89317,89318,89320,89322,89324,89326,89328],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,89319,63],{"class":62},[56,89321,67],{"class":66},[56,89323,938],{"class":937},[56,89325,89264],{"class":941},[56,89327,938],{"class":937},[56,89329,241],{"class":66},[14,89331,130],{},[47,89333,89335],{"className":49,"code":89334,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"HelloWorld\n",[18,89336,89337],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89338,89339],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89340,89334],{"class":284},[615,89342,89344],{"id":89343},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[47,89346,89348],{"className":49,"code":89347,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[18,89349,89350,89379],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89351,89352,89354,89356,89358,89360,89362,89364,89366,89368,89370,89373,89375,89377],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89353,63],{"class":62},[56,89355,67],{"class":66},[56,89357,938],{"class":937},[56,89359,34377],{"class":941},[56,89361,938],{"class":937},[56,89363,1080],{"class":66},[56,89365,64564],{"class":8663},[56,89367,288],{"class":75},[56,89369,938],{"class":937},[56,89371,89372],{"class":941},"!",[56,89374,86677],{"class":33962},[56,89376,938],{"class":937},[56,89378,241],{"class":66},[56,89380,89381,89383,89385,89387,89389,89391],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,89382,63],{"class":62},[56,89384,67],{"class":66},[56,89386,938],{"class":937},[56,89388,89264],{"class":941},[56,89390,938],{"class":937},[56,89392,241],{"class":66},[14,89394,130],{},[47,89396,89398],{"className":49,"code":89397,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[18,89399,89400,89405],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89401,89402],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89403,89404],{"class":284},"Hello!\n",[56,89406,89407],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,89408,89284],{"class":284},[14,89410,16,89411,89413],{},[18,89412,52181],{}," argument is useful for:",[26,89415,89416,89419,89422],{},[29,89417,89418],{},"progress messages",[29,89420,89421],{},"inline output",[29,89423,89424],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[42,89426,89428,473,89430],{"id":89427},"print-returns-none",[18,89429,45970],{},[18,89431,3241],{},[14,89433,89434,89435,89437],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[18,89436,45970],{}," to return the text it shows.",[14,89439,274],{},[47,89441,89443],{"className":49,"code":89442,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,89444,89445,89465],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89446,89447,89449,89451,89454,89456,89458,89461,89463],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89448,299],{"class":284},[56,89450,288],{"class":75},[56,89452,89453],{"class":62}," print",[56,89455,67],{"class":66},[56,89457,938],{"class":937},[56,89459,89460],{"class":941},"Hi",[56,89462,938],{"class":937},[56,89464,241],{"class":66},[56,89466,89467,89469,89471,89473],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,89468,63],{"class":62},[56,89470,67],{"class":66},[56,89472,338],{"class":237},[56,89474,241],{"class":66},[14,89476,130],{},[47,89478,89480],{"className":49,"code":89479,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Hi\nNone\n",[18,89481,89482,89487],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89483,89484],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89485,89486],{"class":284},"Hi\n",[56,89488,89489],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,89490,11302],{"class":3316},[14,89492,89493],{},"Why does this happen?",[26,89495,89496,89504,89509],{},[29,89497,89498,89501,89502],{},[18,89499,89500],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[18,89503,89460],{},[29,89505,89506,89507],{},"but the function itself returns ",[18,89508,3241],{},[29,89510,89511,89512,11414,89514],{},"so ",[18,89513,338],{},[18,89515,3241],{},[14,89517,89518,89519,89521],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[18,89520,45970],{}," call.",[47,89523,89525],{"className":49,"code":89524,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[18,89526,89527,89540],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89528,89529,89532,89534,89536,89538],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89530,89531],{"class":284},"message ",[56,89533,288],{"class":75},[56,89535,1448],{"class":937},[56,89537,89460],{"class":941},[56,89539,1454],{"class":937},[56,89541,89542,89544,89546,89549],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,89543,63],{"class":62},[56,89545,67],{"class":66},[56,89547,89548],{"class":237},"message",[56,89550,241],{"class":66},[14,89552,89553,89554,89556,89557,89561],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[18,89555,45970],{}," with functions like ",[372,89558,89559],{"href":7703},[18,89560,1046],{},", which do return a value.",[42,89563,89565,89566],{"id":89564},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[18,89567,45970],{},[14,89569,89570,89571,89573],{},"Beginners use ",[18,89572,45970],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[26,89575,89576,89579,89582,89585],{},[29,89577,89578],{},"to display results to the user",[29,89580,89581],{},"to show messages in a script",[29,89583,89584],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[29,89586,89587],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[14,89589,274],{},[47,89591,89593],{"className":49,"code":89592,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[18,89594,89595,89603,89607,89627,89638],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89596,89597,89599,89601],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89598,40698],{"class":284},[56,89600,288],{"class":75},[56,89602,38027],{"class":79},[56,89604,89605],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,89606,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,89608,89609,89611,89613,89615,89617,89619,89621,89623,89625],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,89610,5434],{"class":3341},[56,89612,5864],{"class":284},[56,89614,3348],{"class":3341},[56,89616,53591],{"class":62},[56,89618,67],{"class":66},[56,89620,1077],{"class":79},[56,89622,1080],{"class":66},[56,89624,535],{"class":79},[56,89626,7826],{"class":66},[56,89628,89629,89632,89635],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,89630,89631],{"class":284},"    total ",[56,89633,89634],{"class":75},"+=",[56,89636,89637],{"class":284}," number\n",[56,89639,89640,89642,89644,89646,89649,89651,89653,89655,89657,89659,89661,89663,89665,89667],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,89641,7552],{"class":62},[56,89643,67],{"class":66},[56,89645,938],{"class":937},[56,89647,89648],{"class":941},"Current number:",[56,89650,938],{"class":937},[56,89652,1080],{"class":66},[56,89654,263],{"class":237},[56,89656,1080],{"class":66},[56,89658,1448],{"class":937},[56,89660,45081],{"class":941},[56,89662,938],{"class":937},[56,89664,1080],{"class":66},[56,89666,45088],{"class":237},[56,89668,241],{"class":66},[14,89670,130],{},[47,89672,89674],{"className":49,"code":89673,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[18,89675,89676,89692,89706],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89677,89678,89681,89683,89685,89688,89690],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89679,89680],{"class":284},"Current number",[56,89682,971],{"class":66},[56,89684,4973],{"class":79},[56,89686,89687],{"class":284}," Total",[56,89689,971],{"class":66},[56,89691,29121],{"class":79},[56,89693,89694,89696,89698,89700,89702,89704],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,89695,89680],{"class":284},[56,89697,971],{"class":66},[56,89699,1083],{"class":79},[56,89701,89687],{"class":284},[56,89703,971],{"class":66},[56,89705,658],{"class":79},[56,89707,89708,89710,89712,89714,89716,89718],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,89709,89680],{"class":284},[56,89711,971],{"class":66},[56,89713,529],{"class":79},[56,89715,89687],{"class":284},[56,89717,971],{"class":66},[56,89719,89720],{"class":79}," 6\n",[14,89722,89723,89724,497],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[372,89725,89727],{"href":89726},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[42,89729,912],{"id":911},[14,89731,89732,89733,497],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[18,89734,45970],{},[615,89736,89738],{"id":89737},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[14,89740,89741],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[47,89743,89745],{"className":49,"code":89744,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(Hello)\n",[18,89746,89747],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89748,89749,89751,89753,89755],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89750,63],{"class":62},[56,89752,67],{"class":66},[56,89754,34377],{"class":237},[56,89756,241],{"class":66},[14,89758,8362,89759,89761],{},[18,89760,34377],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[14,89763,10298],{},[47,89765,89767],{"className":49,"code":89766,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,89768,89769],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89770,89771,89773,89775,89777,89779,89781],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89772,63],{"class":62},[56,89774,67],{"class":66},[56,89776,938],{"class":937},[56,89778,34377],{"class":941},[56,89780,938],{"class":937},[56,89782,241],{"class":66},[615,89784,7902,89786,89788],{"id":89785},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[18,89787,63],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[14,89790,89791],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[47,89793,89795],{"className":49,"code":89794,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print \"Hello\"\n",[18,89796,89797],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89798,89799,89801,89803,89805],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89800,63],{"class":62},[56,89802,1448],{"class":937},[56,89804,34377],{"class":941},[56,89806,1454],{"class":937},[14,89808,10298],{},[47,89810,89811],{"className":49,"code":89766,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,89812,89813],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89814,89815,89817,89819,89821,89823,89825],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89816,63],{"class":62},[56,89818,67],{"class":66},[56,89820,938],{"class":937},[56,89822,34377],{"class":941},[56,89824,938],{"class":937},[56,89826,241],{"class":66},[615,89828,89830,89831],{"id":89829},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[18,89832,118],{},[14,89834,89835,89836,497],{},"This causes a ",[18,89837,1096],{},[47,89839,89840],{"className":49,"code":88928,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,89841,89842,89850],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89843,89844,89846,89848],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89845,21131],{"class":284},[56,89847,288],{"class":75},[56,89849,668],{"class":79},[56,89851,89852,89854,89856,89858,89860,89862,89864,89866],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,89853,63],{"class":62},[56,89855,67],{"class":66},[56,89857,938],{"class":937},[56,89859,88949],{"class":941},[56,89861,938],{"class":937},[56,89863,532],{"class":75},[56,89865,8676],{"class":237},[56,89867,241],{"class":66},[14,89869,89870],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[47,89872,89874],{"className":49,"code":89873,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[18,89875,89876],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89877,89878,89880,89882,89884,89886,89888,89890,89892],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89879,63],{"class":62},[56,89881,67],{"class":66},[56,89883,938],{"class":937},[56,89885,88850],{"class":941},[56,89887,938],{"class":937},[56,89889,1080],{"class":66},[56,89891,8676],{"class":237},[56,89893,241],{"class":66},[14,89895,89896],{},"Or convert the number first:",[47,89898,89900],{"className":49,"code":89899,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[18,89901,89902],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89903,89904,89906,89908,89910,89912,89914,89916,89918,89920,89922],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89905,63],{"class":62},[56,89907,67],{"class":66},[56,89909,938],{"class":937},[56,89911,88949],{"class":941},[56,89913,938],{"class":937},[56,89915,532],{"class":75},[56,89917,48423],{"class":989},[56,89919,67],{"class":66},[56,89921,8787],{"class":237},[56,89923,83],{"class":66},[14,89925,89926,89927,497],{},"If you see this error, read ",[372,89928,89930],{"href":89929},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[615,89932,7938,89934,89936],{"id":89933},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[18,89935,45970],{}," to return a value",[14,89938,89939,89940,34840,89943,971],{},"This does not store ",[18,89941,89942],{},"\"Hello\"",[18,89944,338],{},[47,89946,89948],{"className":49,"code":89947,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,89949,89950],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,89951,89952,89954,89956,89958,89960,89962,89964,89966],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,89953,299],{"class":284},[56,89955,288],{"class":75},[56,89957,89453],{"class":62},[56,89959,67],{"class":66},[56,89961,938],{"class":937},[56,89963,34377],{"class":941},[56,89965,938],{"class":937},[56,89967,241],{"class":66},[14,89969,89970,89971,497],{},"It stores ",[18,89972,3241],{},[615,89974,89976,89977,3862,89979],{"id":89975},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[18,89978,88990],{},[18,89980,52181],{},[14,89982,85336],{},[26,89984,89985,89994],{},[29,89986,89987,89989,89990,89993],{},[18,89988,88990],{}," changes what goes ",[3205,89991,89992],{},"between"," multiple values",[29,89995,89996,89998,89999,90002],{},[18,89997,52181],{}," changes what appears ",[3205,90000,90001],{},"after"," the output",[42,90004,90006],{"id":90005},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[14,90008,90009,90010,90012],{},"These simple ",[18,90011,45970],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[47,90014,90016],{"className":49,"code":90015,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[18,90017,90018,90038,90053],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90019,90020,90022,90024,90026,90029,90031,90033,90036],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90021,63],{"class":62},[56,90023,67],{"class":66},[56,90025,938],{"class":937},[56,90027,90028],{"class":941},"Debug:",[56,90030,938],{"class":937},[56,90032,1080],{"class":66},[56,90034,90035],{"class":237}," variable_name",[56,90037,241],{"class":66},[56,90039,90040,90042,90044,90046,90048,90051],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,90041,63],{"class":62},[56,90043,67],{"class":66},[56,90045,1314],{"class":989},[56,90047,67],{"class":66},[56,90049,90050],{"class":237},"variable_name",[56,90052,83],{"class":66},[56,90054,90055,90057,90059,90061],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,90056,31660],{"class":62},[56,90058,67],{"class":66},[56,90060,63],{"class":62},[56,90062,241],{"class":66},[14,90064,90065],{},"What they do:",[26,90067,90068,90074,90080],{},[29,90069,90070,90073],{},[18,90071,90072],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[29,90075,90076,90079],{},[18,90077,90078],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[29,90081,90082,90085,90086],{},[18,90083,90084],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[18,90087,45970],{},[42,90089,1553],{"id":1552},[615,90091,12199,90093,90095],{"id":90092},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[18,90094,45970],{}," add a new line automatically?",[14,90097,90098,90099,90101,90102,36134],{},"Yes. By default, ",[18,90100,45970],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[18,90103,52181],{},[615,90105,4643,90107,90109],{"id":90106},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[18,90108,45970],{}," show more than one value?",[14,90111,90112,90113,90115],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[18,90114,45970],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[615,90117,4631,90119,4634,90122,571],{"id":90118},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[18,90120,90121],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[18,90123,3241],{},[14,90125,28567,90126,90128],{},[18,90127,45970],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[615,90130,90132],{"id":90131},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[14,90134,90135],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[47,90137,90139],{"className":49,"code":90138,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[18,90140,90141],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90142,90143,90145,90147,90149,90151,90153,90155,90157],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90144,63],{"class":62},[56,90146,67],{"class":66},[56,90148,938],{"class":937},[56,90150,88850],{"class":941},[56,90152,938],{"class":937},[56,90154,1080],{"class":66},[56,90156,5481],{"class":79},[56,90158,241],{"class":66},[14,90160,90161,90162,39444],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[18,90163,47202],{},[615,90165,4653,90167,3862,90169,571],{"id":90166},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[18,90168,88990],{},[18,90170,52181],{},[26,90172,90173,90178],{},[29,90174,90175,90177],{},[18,90176,88990],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[29,90179,90180,90182],{},[18,90181,52181],{}," changes what appears after the output",[42,90184,1601],{"id":1600},[26,90186,90187,90191,90197,90203,90208,90213],{},[29,90188,90189],{},[372,90190,50496],{"href":50495},[29,90192,90193],{},[372,90194,3031,90195,1610],{"href":7703},[18,90196,1046],{},[29,90198,90199],{},[372,90200,3031,90201,1610],{"href":41691},[18,90202,47202],{},[29,90204,90205],{},[372,90206,90207],{"href":89216},"How to format strings in Python",[29,90209,90210],{},[372,90211,90212],{"href":89726},"How to debug Python code",[29,90214,90215],{},[372,90216,89930],{"href":89929},[1633,90218,90219],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":90221},[90222,90223,90225,90226,90232,90233,90234,90239,90245,90247,90249,90260,90261,90272],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":88394,"depth":86,"text":90224},"What print() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":88630,"depth":86,"text":88631,"children":90227},[90228,90229,90230,90231],{"id":88639,"depth":102,"text":88640},{"id":88680,"depth":102,"text":88681},{"id":88712,"depth":102,"text":88713},{"id":88739,"depth":102,"text":88740},{"id":88781,"depth":86,"text":88782},{"id":88977,"depth":86,"text":88978},{"id":89017,"depth":86,"text":90235,"children":90236},"sep argument",[90237,90238],{"id":89030,"depth":102,"text":89031},{"id":89080,"depth":102,"text":89081},{"id":89220,"depth":86,"text":90240,"children":90241},"end argument",[90242,90243,90244],{"id":89234,"depth":102,"text":89031},{"id":89287,"depth":102,"text":89288},{"id":89343,"depth":102,"text":89344},{"id":89427,"depth":86,"text":90246},"print() returns None",{"id":89564,"depth":86,"text":90248},"When beginners use print()",{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912,"children":90250},[90251,90252,90254,90256,90258],{"id":89737,"depth":102,"text":89738},{"id":89785,"depth":102,"text":90253},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":89829,"depth":102,"text":90255},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":89933,"depth":102,"text":90257},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":89975,"depth":102,"text":90259},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90005,"depth":86,"text":90006},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":90262},[90263,90265,90267,90269,90270],{"id":90092,"depth":102,"text":90264},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90106,"depth":102,"text":90266},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90118,"depth":102,"text":90268},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90131,"depth":102,"text":90132},{"id":90166,"depth":102,"text":90271},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88277,"description":90273},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90280,"title":90281,"body":90282,"description":92586,"extension":1665,"meta":92587,"navigation":316,"path":92588,"seo":92589,"stem":92590,"__hash__":92591},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90283,"toc":92532},[90284,90289,90294,90307,90309,90374,90385,90390,90395,90397,90420,90423,90454,90456,90473,90478,90484,90489,90538,90541,90558,90564,90569,90592,90594,90622,90628,90636,90663,90665,90690,90696,90699,90730,90732,90761,90765,90768,90773,90795,90797,90825,90831,90837,90863,90865,90889,90895,90901,90931,90933,90961,90971,90975,90981,91014,91016,91045,91048,91051,91084,91086,91094,91100,91102,91125,91130,91139,91144,91158,91160,91200,91202,91232,91236,91271,91277,91281,91325,91327,91357,91363,91366,91445,91447,91469,91477,91480,91543,91551,91626,91632,91639,91644,91649,91672,91674,91695,91697,91710,91712,91759,91761,91800,91809,91811,91815,91819,91822,91849,91852,91881,91884,91908,91911,91919,91925,91947,91949,91977,91981,91986,92041,92046,92048,92105,92112,92121,92124,92156,92158,92166,92169,92175,92177,92200,92203,92209,92212,92231,92233,92252,92255,92277,92279,92307,92311,92315,92420,92422,92435,92437,92443,92446,92454,92459,92465,92471,92476,92484,92490,92497,92499,92529],[10,90285,3031,90287,3035],{"id":90286},"python-range-function-explained",[18,90288,35710],{},[14,90290,31825,90291,90293],{},[18,90292,35710],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[14,90295,90296,90297,90299,90300,90302,90303,90306],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[18,90298,5434],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[18,90301,35710],{}," stops ",[3205,90304,90305],{},"before"," the end value.",[42,90308,45],{"id":44},[47,90310,90312],{"className":49,"code":90311,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[18,90313,90314,90330,90340,90344,90349,90354,90359,90364,90369],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90315,90316,90318,90320,90322,90324,90326,90328],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90317,5434],{"class":3341},[56,90319,69072],{"class":284},[56,90321,3348],{"class":3341},[56,90323,53591],{"class":62},[56,90325,67],{"class":66},[56,90327,198],{"class":79},[56,90329,7826],{"class":66},[56,90331,90332,90334,90336,90338],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,90333,7552],{"class":62},[56,90335,67],{"class":66},[56,90337,35666],{"class":237},[56,90339,241],{"class":66},[56,90341,90342],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,90343,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,90345,90346],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,90347,90348],{"class":3123},"# Output:\n",[56,90350,90351],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,90352,90353],{"class":3123},"# 0\n",[56,90355,90356],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,90357,90358],{"class":3123},"# 1\n",[56,90360,90361],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,90362,90363],{"class":3123},"# 2\n",[56,90365,90366],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,90367,90368],{"class":3123},"# 3\n",[56,90370,90371],{"class":58,"line":5910},[56,90372,90373],{"class":3123},"# 4\n",[14,90375,90376,90379,90380,90382,90383,497],{},[18,90377,90378],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[18,90381,181],{}," and stopping before ",[18,90384,198],{},[42,90386,3138,90388,3141],{"id":90387},"what-range-does",[18,90389,35710],{},[14,90391,90392,90394],{},[18,90393,35710],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[14,90396,12548],{},[26,90398,90399,90404,90410,90415],{},[29,90400,90401,90403],{},[18,90402,35710],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[29,90405,90406,90407,90409],{},"It is commonly used with ",[18,90408,5434],{}," loops",[29,90411,90412,90413],{},"The stop value is ",[3205,90414,64593],{},[29,90416,16922,90417,90419],{},[18,90418,59521],{}," object, not a regular list",[14,90421,90422],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[47,90424,90426],{"className":49,"code":90425,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[18,90427,90428,90444],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90429,90430,90432,90434,90436,90438,90440,90442],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90431,5434],{"class":3341},[56,90433,5864],{"class":284},[56,90435,3348],{"class":3341},[56,90437,53591],{"class":62},[56,90439,67],{"class":66},[56,90441,121],{"class":79},[56,90443,7826],{"class":66},[56,90445,90446,90448,90450,90452],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,90447,7552],{"class":62},[56,90449,67],{"class":66},[56,90451,309],{"class":237},[56,90453,241],{"class":66},[14,90455,130],{},[47,90457,90459],{"className":49,"code":90458,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"0\n1\n2\n",[18,90460,90461,90465,90469],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90462,90463],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90464,46770],{"class":79},[56,90466,90467],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,90468,46435],{"class":79},[56,90470,90471],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,90472,16556],{"class":79},[14,90474,90475,90476,497],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[372,90477,35540],{"href":35539},[42,90479,90481,90483],{"id":90480},"range-syntax",[18,90482,35710],{}," syntax",[14,90485,90486,90488],{},[18,90487,35710],{}," has three common forms:",[47,90490,90492],{"className":49,"code":90491,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[18,90493,90494,90504,90519],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90495,90496,90498,90500,90502],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90497,59521],{"class":62},[56,90499,67],{"class":66},[56,90501,74950],{"class":237},[56,90503,241],{"class":66},[56,90505,90506,90508,90510,90512,90514,90517],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,90507,59521],{"class":62},[56,90509,67],{"class":66},[56,90511,35584],{"class":237},[56,90513,1080],{"class":66},[56,90515,90516],{"class":237}," stop",[56,90518,241],{"class":66},[56,90520,90521,90523,90525,90527,90529,90531,90533,90536],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,90522,59521],{"class":62},[56,90524,67],{"class":66},[56,90526,35584],{"class":237},[56,90528,1080],{"class":66},[56,90530,90516],{"class":237},[56,90532,1080],{"class":66},[56,90534,90535],{"class":237}," step",[56,90537,241],{"class":66},[14,90539,90540],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[26,90542,90543,90548,90553],{},[29,90544,90545,90547],{},[18,90546,35584],{}," = first number",[29,90549,90550,90552],{},[18,90551,74950],{}," = end limit, not included",[29,90554,90555,90557],{},[18,90556,74953],{}," = amount to move each time",[615,90559,90561],{"id":90560},"rangestop",[18,90562,90563],{},"range(stop)",[14,90565,90566,90567,497],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[18,90568,181],{},[47,90570,90572],{"className":49,"code":90571,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[18,90573,90574],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90575,90576,90578,90580,90582,90584,90586,90588,90590],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90577,63],{"class":62},[56,90579,67],{"class":66},[56,90581,7577],{"class":989},[56,90583,67],{"class":66},[56,90585,59521],{"class":62},[56,90587,67],{"class":66},[56,90589,198],{"class":79},[56,90591,1000],{"class":66},[14,90593,130],{},[47,90595,90596],{"className":49,"code":59544,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,90597,90598],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90599,90600,90602,90604,90606,90608,90610,90612,90614,90616,90618,90620],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90601,3366],{"class":66},[56,90603,181],{"class":79},[56,90605,1080],{"class":66},[56,90607,4973],{"class":79},[56,90609,1080],{"class":66},[56,90611,1083],{"class":79},[56,90613,1080],{"class":66},[56,90615,529],{"class":79},[56,90617,1080],{"class":66},[56,90619,535],{"class":79},[56,90621,3093],{"class":66},[615,90623,90625],{"id":90624},"rangestart-stop",[18,90626,90627],{},"range(start, stop)",[14,90629,90630,90631,90633,90634,497],{},"This starts at ",[18,90632,35584],{}," and stops before ",[18,90635,74950],{},[47,90637,90639],{"className":49,"code":90638,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[18,90640,90641],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90642,90643,90645,90647,90649,90651,90653,90655,90657,90659,90661],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90644,63],{"class":62},[56,90646,67],{"class":66},[56,90648,7577],{"class":989},[56,90650,67],{"class":66},[56,90652,59521],{"class":62},[56,90654,67],{"class":66},[56,90656,115],{"class":79},[56,90658,1080],{"class":66},[56,90660,37157],{"class":79},[56,90662,1000],{"class":66},[14,90664,130],{},[47,90666,90668],{"className":49,"code":90667,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,90669,90670],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90671,90672,90674,90676,90678,90680,90682,90684,90686,90688],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90673,3366],{"class":66},[56,90675,115],{"class":79},[56,90677,1080],{"class":66},[56,90679,529],{"class":79},[56,90681,1080],{"class":66},[56,90683,535],{"class":79},[56,90685,1080],{"class":66},[56,90687,4075],{"class":79},[56,90689,3093],{"class":66},[615,90691,90693],{"id":90692},"rangestart-stop-step",[18,90694,90695],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[14,90697,90698],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[47,90700,90702],{"className":49,"code":90701,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[18,90703,90704],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90705,90706,90708,90710,90712,90714,90716,90718,90720,90722,90724,90726,90728],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90707,63],{"class":62},[56,90709,67],{"class":66},[56,90711,7577],{"class":989},[56,90713,67],{"class":66},[56,90715,59521],{"class":62},[56,90717,67],{"class":66},[56,90719,1077],{"class":79},[56,90721,1080],{"class":66},[56,90723,5481],{"class":79},[56,90725,1080],{"class":66},[56,90727,1083],{"class":79},[56,90729,1000],{"class":66},[14,90731,130],{},[47,90733,90735],{"className":49,"code":90734,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[18,90736,90737],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90738,90739,90741,90743,90745,90747,90749,90751,90753,90755,90757,90759],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90740,3366],{"class":66},[56,90742,1077],{"class":79},[56,90744,1080],{"class":66},[56,90746,529],{"class":79},[56,90748,1080],{"class":66},[56,90750,4075],{"class":79},[56,90752,1080],{"class":66},[56,90754,5470],{"class":79},[56,90756,1080],{"class":66},[56,90758,53657],{"class":79},[56,90760,3093],{"class":66},[42,90762,90764],{"id":90763},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[14,90766,90767],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[615,90769,90771],{"id":90770},"range5",[18,90772,90378],{},[47,90774,90775],{"className":49,"code":90571,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,90776,90777],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90778,90779,90781,90783,90785,90787,90789,90791,90793],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90780,63],{"class":62},[56,90782,67],{"class":66},[56,90784,7577],{"class":989},[56,90786,67],{"class":66},[56,90788,59521],{"class":62},[56,90790,67],{"class":66},[56,90792,198],{"class":79},[56,90794,1000],{"class":66},[14,90796,130],{},[47,90798,90799],{"className":49,"code":59544,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,90800,90801],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90802,90803,90805,90807,90809,90811,90813,90815,90817,90819,90821,90823],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90804,3366],{"class":66},[56,90806,181],{"class":79},[56,90808,1080],{"class":66},[56,90810,4973],{"class":79},[56,90812,1080],{"class":66},[56,90814,1083],{"class":79},[56,90816,1080],{"class":66},[56,90818,529],{"class":79},[56,90820,1080],{"class":66},[56,90822,535],{"class":79},[56,90824,3093],{"class":66},[14,90826,90630,90827,90633,90829,497],{},[18,90828,181],{},[18,90830,198],{},[615,90832,90834],{"id":90833},"range2-6",[18,90835,90836],{},"range(2, 6)",[47,90838,90839],{"className":49,"code":90638,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,90840,90841],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90842,90843,90845,90847,90849,90851,90853,90855,90857,90859,90861],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90844,63],{"class":62},[56,90846,67],{"class":66},[56,90848,7577],{"class":989},[56,90850,67],{"class":66},[56,90852,59521],{"class":62},[56,90854,67],{"class":66},[56,90856,115],{"class":79},[56,90858,1080],{"class":66},[56,90860,37157],{"class":79},[56,90862,1000],{"class":66},[14,90864,130],{},[47,90866,90867],{"className":49,"code":90667,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,90868,90869],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90870,90871,90873,90875,90877,90879,90881,90883,90885,90887],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90872,3366],{"class":66},[56,90874,115],{"class":79},[56,90876,1080],{"class":66},[56,90878,529],{"class":79},[56,90880,1080],{"class":66},[56,90882,535],{"class":79},[56,90884,1080],{"class":66},[56,90886,4075],{"class":79},[56,90888,3093],{"class":66},[14,90890,90630,90891,90633,90893,497],{},[18,90892,115],{},[18,90894,80118],{},[615,90896,90898],{"id":90897},"range1-10-2",[18,90899,90900],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[47,90902,90903],{"className":49,"code":90701,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,90904,90905],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90906,90907,90909,90911,90913,90915,90917,90919,90921,90923,90925,90927,90929],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90908,63],{"class":62},[56,90910,67],{"class":66},[56,90912,7577],{"class":989},[56,90914,67],{"class":66},[56,90916,59521],{"class":62},[56,90918,67],{"class":66},[56,90920,1077],{"class":79},[56,90922,1080],{"class":66},[56,90924,5481],{"class":79},[56,90926,1080],{"class":66},[56,90928,1083],{"class":79},[56,90930,1000],{"class":66},[14,90932,130],{},[47,90934,90935],{"className":49,"code":90734,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,90936,90937],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90938,90939,90941,90943,90945,90947,90949,90951,90953,90955,90957,90959],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90940,3366],{"class":66},[56,90942,1077],{"class":79},[56,90944,1080],{"class":66},[56,90946,529],{"class":79},[56,90948,1080],{"class":66},[56,90950,4075],{"class":79},[56,90952,1080],{"class":66},[56,90954,5470],{"class":79},[56,90956,1080],{"class":66},[56,90958,53657],{"class":79},[56,90960,3093],{"class":66},[14,90962,90963,90964,90966,90967,60824,90969,497],{},"This moves by ",[18,90965,115],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[18,90968,1077],{},[18,90970,206],{},[615,90972,90974],{"id":90973},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[14,90976,90977,90978,90980],{},"A negative step makes ",[18,90979,35710],{}," count backward.",[47,90982,90984],{"className":49,"code":90983,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[18,90985,90986],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,90987,90988,90990,90992,90994,90996,90998,91000,91002,91004,91006,91008,91010,91012],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,90989,63],{"class":62},[56,90991,67],{"class":66},[56,90993,7577],{"class":989},[56,90995,67],{"class":66},[56,90997,59521],{"class":62},[56,90999,67],{"class":66},[56,91001,198],{"class":79},[56,91003,1080],{"class":66},[56,91005,3297],{"class":79},[56,91007,1080],{"class":66},[56,91009,291],{"class":75},[56,91011,1077],{"class":79},[56,91013,1000],{"class":66},[14,91015,130],{},[47,91017,91019],{"className":49,"code":91018,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[18,91020,91021],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91022,91023,91025,91027,91029,91031,91033,91035,91037,91039,91041,91043],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91024,3366],{"class":66},[56,91026,198],{"class":79},[56,91028,1080],{"class":66},[56,91030,535],{"class":79},[56,91032,1080],{"class":66},[56,91034,529],{"class":79},[56,91036,1080],{"class":66},[56,91038,1083],{"class":79},[56,91040,1080],{"class":66},[56,91042,4973],{"class":79},[56,91044,3093],{"class":66},[14,91046,91047],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[14,91049,91050],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[47,91052,91054],{"className":49,"code":91053,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[18,91055,91056],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91057,91058,91060,91062,91064,91066,91068,91070,91072,91074,91076,91078,91080,91082],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91059,63],{"class":62},[56,91061,67],{"class":66},[56,91063,7577],{"class":989},[56,91065,67],{"class":66},[56,91067,59521],{"class":62},[56,91069,67],{"class":66},[56,91071,1077],{"class":79},[56,91073,1080],{"class":66},[56,91075,4075],{"class":79},[56,91077,1080],{"class":66},[56,91079,291],{"class":75},[56,91081,1077],{"class":79},[56,91083,1000],{"class":66},[14,91085,130],{},[47,91087,91088],{"className":49,"code":37811,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,91089,91090],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91091,91092],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91093,37811],{"class":66},[615,91095,91096,76113,91098],{"id":76337},[18,91097,74953],{},[18,91099,181],{},[14,91101,919],{},[47,91103,91105],{"className":49,"code":91104,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[18,91106,91107],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91108,91109,91111,91113,91115,91117,91119,91121,91123],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91110,59521],{"class":62},[56,91112,67],{"class":66},[56,91114,1077],{"class":79},[56,91116,1080],{"class":66},[56,91118,4075],{"class":79},[56,91120,1080],{"class":66},[56,91122,3297],{"class":79},[56,91124,241],{"class":66},[14,91126,76382,91127,91129],{},[18,91128,40219],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[42,91131,7902,91133,91135,91136,91138],{"id":91132},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[18,91134,35710],{}," in a ",[18,91137,5434],{}," loop",[14,91140,91141,91143],{},[18,91142,35710],{}," is most useful when:",[26,91145,91146,91149,91152],{},[29,91147,91148],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[29,91150,91151],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[29,91153,91154,91155],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[18,91156,91157],{},"for i in range(n)",[14,91159,274],{},[47,91161,91163],{"className":49,"code":91162,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[18,91164,91165,91181],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91166,91167,91169,91171,91173,91175,91177,91179],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91168,5434],{"class":3341},[56,91170,69072],{"class":284},[56,91172,3348],{"class":3341},[56,91174,53591],{"class":62},[56,91176,67],{"class":66},[56,91178,121],{"class":79},[56,91180,7826],{"class":66},[56,91182,91183,91185,91187,91189,91192,91194,91196,91198],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,91184,7552],{"class":62},[56,91186,67],{"class":66},[56,91188,938],{"class":937},[56,91190,91191],{"class":941},"Loop number:",[56,91193,938],{"class":937},[56,91195,1080],{"class":66},[56,91197,35641],{"class":237},[56,91199,241],{"class":66},[14,91201,130],{},[47,91203,91205],{"className":49,"code":91204,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[18,91206,91207,91216,91224],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91208,91209,91212,91214],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91210,91211],{"class":284},"Loop number",[56,91213,971],{"class":66},[56,91215,38027],{"class":79},[56,91217,91218,91220,91222],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,91219,91211],{"class":284},[56,91221,971],{"class":66},[56,91223,29121],{"class":79},[56,91225,91226,91228,91230],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,91227,91211],{"class":284},[56,91229,971],{"class":66},[56,91231,45107],{"class":79},[615,91233,91235],{"id":91234},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[47,91237,91239],{"className":49,"code":91238,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[18,91240,91241,91257],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91242,91243,91245,91247,91249,91251,91253,91255],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91244,5434],{"class":3341},[56,91246,69072],{"class":284},[56,91248,3348],{"class":3341},[56,91250,53591],{"class":62},[56,91252,67],{"class":66},[56,91254,198],{"class":79},[56,91256,7826],{"class":66},[56,91258,91259,91261,91263,91265,91267,91269],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,91260,7552],{"class":62},[56,91262,67],{"class":66},[56,91264,938],{"class":937},[56,91266,34377],{"class":941},[56,91268,938],{"class":937},[56,91270,241],{"class":66},[14,91272,91273,91274,91276],{},"This prints ",[18,91275,89942],{}," five times.",[615,91278,91280],{"id":91279},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[47,91282,91284],{"className":49,"code":91283,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[18,91285,91286,91306],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91287,91288,91290,91292,91294,91296,91298,91300,91302,91304],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91289,5434],{"class":3341},[56,91291,69072],{"class":284},[56,91293,3348],{"class":3341},[56,91295,53591],{"class":62},[56,91297,67],{"class":66},[56,91299,1077],{"class":79},[56,91301,1080],{"class":66},[56,91303,535],{"class":79},[56,91305,7826],{"class":66},[56,91307,91308,91310,91312,91314,91317,91319,91321,91323],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,91309,7552],{"class":62},[56,91311,67],{"class":66},[56,91313,938],{"class":937},[56,91315,91316],{"class":941},"Current number is",[56,91318,938],{"class":937},[56,91320,1080],{"class":66},[56,91322,35641],{"class":237},[56,91324,241],{"class":66},[14,91326,130],{},[47,91328,91330],{"className":49,"code":91329,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[18,91331,91332,91341,91349],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91333,91334,91337,91339],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91335,91336],{"class":284},"Current number ",[56,91338,11688],{"class":75},[56,91340,29121],{"class":79},[56,91342,91343,91345,91347],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,91344,91336],{"class":284},[56,91346,11688],{"class":75},[56,91348,45107],{"class":79},[56,91350,91351,91353,91355],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,91352,91336],{"class":284},[56,91354,11688],{"class":75},[56,91356,658],{"class":79},[615,91358,91360,91362],{"id":91359},"range-and-indexing",[18,91361,35710],{}," and indexing",[14,91364,91365],{},"You may see code like this:",[47,91367,91369],{"className":49,"code":91368,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[18,91370,91371,91403,91407,91427],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91372,91373,91375,91377,91379,91381,91383,91385,91387,91389,91391,91393,91395,91397,91399,91401],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91374,7261],{"class":284},[56,91376,288],{"class":75},[56,91378,3080],{"class":66},[56,91380,938],{"class":937},[56,91382,372],{"class":941},[56,91384,938],{"class":937},[56,91386,1080],{"class":66},[56,91388,1448],{"class":937},[56,91390,4232],{"class":941},[56,91392,938],{"class":937},[56,91394,1080],{"class":66},[56,91396,1448],{"class":937},[56,91398,9228],{"class":941},[56,91400,938],{"class":937},[56,91402,3093],{"class":66},[56,91404,91405],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,91406,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,91408,91409,91411,91413,91415,91417,91419,91421,91423,91425],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,91410,5434],{"class":3341},[56,91412,69072],{"class":284},[56,91414,3348],{"class":3341},[56,91416,53591],{"class":62},[56,91418,67],{"class":66},[56,91420,10653],{"class":62},[56,91422,67],{"class":66},[56,91424,7292],{"class":237},[56,91426,69087],{"class":66},[56,91428,91429,91431,91433,91435,91437,91439,91441,91443],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,91430,7552],{"class":62},[56,91432,67],{"class":66},[56,91434,35666],{"class":237},[56,91436,1080],{"class":66},[56,91438,5442],{"class":237},[56,91440,3366],{"class":66},[56,91442,35666],{"class":237},[56,91444,3354],{"class":66},[14,91446,130],{},[47,91448,91449],{"className":49,"code":35678,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,91450,91451,91457,91463],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91452,91453,91455],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91454,181],{"class":79},[56,91456,35687],{"class":284},[56,91458,91459,91461],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,91460,1077],{"class":79},[56,91462,35694],{"class":284},[56,91464,91465,91467],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,91466,115],{"class":79},[56,91468,35701],{"class":284},[14,91470,91471,91472,91476],{},"This works, and it uses ",[372,91473,91474],{"href":41874},[18,91475,41877],{}," to get the number of items.",[14,91478,91479],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[47,91481,91483],{"className":49,"code":91482,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[18,91484,91485,91517,91521,91533],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91486,91487,91489,91491,91493,91495,91497,91499,91501,91503,91505,91507,91509,91511,91513,91515],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91488,7261],{"class":284},[56,91490,288],{"class":75},[56,91492,3080],{"class":66},[56,91494,938],{"class":937},[56,91496,372],{"class":941},[56,91498,938],{"class":937},[56,91500,1080],{"class":66},[56,91502,1448],{"class":937},[56,91504,4232],{"class":941},[56,91506,938],{"class":937},[56,91508,1080],{"class":66},[56,91510,1448],{"class":937},[56,91512,9228],{"class":941},[56,91514,938],{"class":937},[56,91516,3093],{"class":66},[56,91518,91519],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,91520,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,91522,91523,91525,91527,91529,91531],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,91524,5434],{"class":3341},[56,91526,5437],{"class":284},[56,91528,3348],{"class":3341},[56,91530,5442],{"class":284},[56,91532,5871],{"class":66},[56,91534,91535,91537,91539,91541],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,91536,7552],{"class":62},[56,91538,67],{"class":66},[56,91540,22814],{"class":237},[56,91542,241],{"class":66},[14,91544,36105,91545,91550],{},[372,91546,91548],{"href":91547},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[18,91549,35260],{}," is usually a better choice:",[47,91552,91554],{"className":49,"code":91553,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[18,91555,91556,91588,91592,91612],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91557,91558,91560,91562,91564,91566,91568,91570,91572,91574,91576,91578,91580,91582,91584,91586],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91559,7261],{"class":284},[56,91561,288],{"class":75},[56,91563,3080],{"class":66},[56,91565,938],{"class":937},[56,91567,372],{"class":941},[56,91569,938],{"class":937},[56,91571,1080],{"class":66},[56,91573,1448],{"class":937},[56,91575,4232],{"class":941},[56,91577,938],{"class":937},[56,91579,1080],{"class":66},[56,91581,1448],{"class":937},[56,91583,9228],{"class":941},[56,91585,938],{"class":937},[56,91587,3093],{"class":66},[56,91589,91590],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,91591,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,91593,91594,91596,91598,91600,91602,91604,91606,91608,91610],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,91595,5434],{"class":3341},[56,91597,35332],{"class":284},[56,91599,1080],{"class":66},[56,91601,5437],{"class":284},[56,91603,3348],{"class":3341},[56,91605,35342],{"class":62},[56,91607,67],{"class":66},[56,91609,7292],{"class":237},[56,91611,7826],{"class":66},[56,91613,91614,91616,91618,91620,91622,91624],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,91615,7552],{"class":62},[56,91617,67],{"class":66},[56,91619,35357],{"class":237},[56,91621,1080],{"class":66},[56,91623,29013],{"class":237},[56,91625,241],{"class":66},[14,91627,78642,91628,497],{},[372,91629,36118,91630,36121],{"href":36117},[18,91631,35260],{},[42,91633,91635,91636,91638],{"id":91634},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[18,91637,35710],{}," to a list",[14,91640,91641,91643],{},[18,91642,35710],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[14,91645,91646,91647,971],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[18,91648,24285],{},[47,91650,91652],{"className":49,"code":91651,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[18,91653,91654],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91655,91656,91658,91660,91662,91664,91666,91668,91670],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91657,63],{"class":62},[56,91659,67],{"class":66},[56,91661,7577],{"class":989},[56,91663,67],{"class":66},[56,91665,59521],{"class":62},[56,91667,67],{"class":66},[56,91669,121],{"class":79},[56,91671,1000],{"class":66},[14,91673,130],{},[47,91675,91677],{"className":49,"code":91676,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[18,91678,91679],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91680,91681,91683,91685,91687,91689,91691,91693],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91682,3366],{"class":66},[56,91684,181],{"class":79},[56,91686,1080],{"class":66},[56,91688,4973],{"class":79},[56,91690,1080],{"class":66},[56,91692,1083],{"class":79},[56,91694,3093],{"class":66},[14,91696,32820],{},[26,91698,91699,91704,91707],{},[29,91700,91701,91702,41601],{},"learning how ",[18,91703,35710],{},[29,91705,91706],{},"checking your values",[29,91708,91709],{},"debugging code",[14,91711,4947],{},[47,91713,91715],{"className":49,"code":91714,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[18,91716,91717,91731,91735,91745],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91718,91719,91721,91723,91725,91727,91729],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91720,3075],{"class":284},[56,91722,288],{"class":75},[56,91724,53591],{"class":62},[56,91726,67],{"class":66},[56,91728,584],{"class":79},[56,91730,241],{"class":66},[56,91732,91733],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,91734,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,91736,91737,91739,91741,91743],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,91738,63],{"class":62},[56,91740,67],{"class":66},[56,91742,3107],{"class":237},[56,91744,241],{"class":66},[56,91746,91747,91749,91751,91753,91755,91757],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,91748,63],{"class":62},[56,91750,67],{"class":66},[56,91752,7577],{"class":989},[56,91754,67],{"class":66},[56,91756,3107],{"class":237},[56,91758,83],{"class":66},[14,91760,130],{},[47,91762,91764],{"className":49,"code":91763,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[18,91765,91766,91780],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91767,91768,91770,91772,91774,91776,91778],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91769,59521],{"class":62},[56,91771,67],{"class":66},[56,91773,181],{"class":79},[56,91775,1080],{"class":66},[56,91777,535],{"class":79},[56,91779,241],{"class":66},[56,91781,91782,91784,91786,91788,91790,91792,91794,91796,91798],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,91783,3366],{"class":66},[56,91785,181],{"class":79},[56,91787,1080],{"class":66},[56,91789,4973],{"class":79},[56,91791,1080],{"class":66},[56,91793,1083],{"class":79},[56,91795,1080],{"class":66},[56,91797,529],{"class":79},[56,91799,3093],{"class":66},[14,91801,91802,91803,10075,91805,91808],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[18,91804,59521],{},[18,91806,91807],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[42,91810,3988],{"id":3987},[14,91812,33049,91813,497],{},[18,91814,35710],{},[615,91816,91818],{"id":91817},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[14,91820,91821],{},"Many beginners think this:",[47,91823,91825],{"className":49,"code":91824,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[18,91826,91827],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91828,91829,91831,91833,91835,91837,91839,91841,91843,91845,91847],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91830,63],{"class":62},[56,91832,67],{"class":66},[56,91834,7577],{"class":989},[56,91836,67],{"class":66},[56,91838,59521],{"class":62},[56,91840,67],{"class":66},[56,91842,1077],{"class":79},[56,91844,1080],{"class":66},[56,91846,4075],{"class":79},[56,91848,1000],{"class":66},[14,91850,91851],{},"will produce:",[47,91853,91855],{"className":49,"code":91854,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,91856,91857],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91858,91859,91861,91863,91865,91867,91869,91871,91873,91875,91877,91879],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91860,3366],{"class":66},[56,91862,1077],{"class":79},[56,91864,1080],{"class":66},[56,91866,1083],{"class":79},[56,91868,1080],{"class":66},[56,91870,529],{"class":79},[56,91872,1080],{"class":66},[56,91874,535],{"class":79},[56,91876,1080],{"class":66},[56,91878,4075],{"class":79},[56,91880,3093],{"class":66},[14,91882,91883],{},"But the real output is:",[47,91885,91886],{"className":49,"code":53026,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,91887,91888],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91889,91890,91892,91894,91896,91898,91900,91902,91904,91906],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91891,3366],{"class":66},[56,91893,1077],{"class":79},[56,91895,1080],{"class":66},[56,91897,1083],{"class":79},[56,91899,1080],{"class":66},[56,91901,529],{"class":79},[56,91903,1080],{"class":66},[56,91905,535],{"class":79},[56,91907,3093],{"class":66},[14,91909,91910],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[615,91912,4049,91914,91916,91917],{"id":91913},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[18,91915,90378],{}," starts at ",[18,91918,1077],{},[14,91920,36981,91921,18465,91923,497],{},[18,91922,181],{},[18,91924,1077],{},[47,91926,91927],{"className":49,"code":90571,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,91928,91929],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91930,91931,91933,91935,91937,91939,91941,91943,91945],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91932,63],{"class":62},[56,91934,67],{"class":66},[56,91936,7577],{"class":989},[56,91938,67],{"class":66},[56,91940,59521],{"class":62},[56,91942,67],{"class":66},[56,91944,198],{"class":79},[56,91946,1000],{"class":66},[14,91948,130],{},[47,91950,91951],{"className":49,"code":59544,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,91952,91953],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91954,91955,91957,91959,91961,91963,91965,91967,91969,91971,91973,91975],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91956,3366],{"class":66},[56,91958,181],{"class":79},[56,91960,1080],{"class":66},[56,91962,4973],{"class":79},[56,91964,1080],{"class":66},[56,91966,1083],{"class":79},[56,91968,1080],{"class":66},[56,91970,529],{"class":79},[56,91972,1080],{"class":66},[56,91974,535],{"class":79},[56,91976,3093],{"class":66},[615,91978,91980],{"id":91979},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[14,91982,91983,91984,971],{},"This often happens with ",[18,91985,1046],{},[47,91987,91989],{"className":49,"code":91988,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[18,91990,91991,92010,92014,92031],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,91992,91993,91996,91998,92000,92002,92004,92006,92008],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,91994,91995],{"class":284},"user_number ",[56,91997,288],{"class":75},[56,91999,7726],{"class":62},[56,92001,67],{"class":66},[56,92003,938],{"class":937},[56,92005,41387],{"class":941},[56,92007,938],{"class":937},[56,92009,241],{"class":66},[56,92011,92012],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,92013,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,92015,92016,92018,92020,92022,92024,92026,92029],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,92017,5434],{"class":3341},[56,92019,69072],{"class":284},[56,92021,3348],{"class":3341},[56,92023,53591],{"class":62},[56,92025,67],{"class":66},[56,92027,92028],{"class":237},"user_number",[56,92030,7826],{"class":66},[56,92032,92033,92035,92037,92039],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,92034,7552],{"class":62},[56,92036,67],{"class":66},[56,92038,35666],{"class":237},[56,92040,241],{"class":66},[14,92042,48029,92043,92045],{},[18,92044,1046],{}," returns a string.",[14,92047,10298],{},[47,92049,92051],{"className":49,"code":92050,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[18,92052,92053,92075,92079,92095],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92054,92055,92057,92059,92061,92063,92065,92067,92069,92071,92073],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92056,91995],{"class":284},[56,92058,288],{"class":75},[56,92060,44794],{"class":989},[56,92062,67],{"class":66},[56,92064,41979],{"class":62},[56,92066,67],{"class":66},[56,92068,938],{"class":937},[56,92070,41387],{"class":941},[56,92072,938],{"class":937},[56,92074,83],{"class":66},[56,92076,92077],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,92078,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,92080,92081,92083,92085,92087,92089,92091,92093],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,92082,5434],{"class":3341},[56,92084,69072],{"class":284},[56,92086,3348],{"class":3341},[56,92088,53591],{"class":62},[56,92090,67],{"class":66},[56,92092,92028],{"class":237},[56,92094,7826],{"class":66},[56,92096,92097,92099,92101,92103],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,92098,7552],{"class":62},[56,92100,67],{"class":66},[56,92102,35666],{"class":237},[56,92104,241],{"class":66},[14,92106,92107,92108,497],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[372,92109,50043,92110],{"href":50042},[18,92111,50046],{},[615,92113,92115,92116,92118,92119],{"id":92114},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[18,92117,35584],{}," smaller than ",[18,92120,74950],{},[14,92122,92123],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[47,92125,92126],{"className":49,"code":91053,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,92127,92128],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92129,92130,92132,92134,92136,92138,92140,92142,92144,92146,92148,92150,92152,92154],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92131,63],{"class":62},[56,92133,67],{"class":66},[56,92135,7577],{"class":989},[56,92137,67],{"class":66},[56,92139,59521],{"class":62},[56,92141,67],{"class":66},[56,92143,1077],{"class":79},[56,92145,1080],{"class":66},[56,92147,4075],{"class":79},[56,92149,1080],{"class":66},[56,92151,291],{"class":75},[56,92153,1077],{"class":79},[56,92155,1000],{"class":66},[14,92157,130],{},[47,92159,92160],{"className":49,"code":37811,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,92161,92162],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92163,92164],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92165,37811],{"class":66},[14,92167,92168],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[615,92170,25121,92172],{"id":92171},"trying-to-use-step-0",[18,92173,92174],{},"step = 0",[14,92176,77093],{},[47,92178,92180],{"className":49,"code":92179,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[18,92181,92182],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92183,92184,92186,92188,92190,92192,92194,92196,92198],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92185,59521],{"class":62},[56,92187,67],{"class":66},[56,92189,1077],{"class":79},[56,92191,1080],{"class":66},[56,92193,5481],{"class":79},[56,92195,1080],{"class":66},[56,92197,3297],{"class":79},[56,92199,241],{"class":66},[14,92201,92202],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[615,92204,4175,92206,92208],{"id":92205},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[18,92207,35710],{}," is not a list",[14,92210,92211],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[47,92213,92215],{"className":49,"code":92214,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(range(5))\n",[18,92216,92217],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92218,92219,92221,92223,92225,92227,92229],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92220,63],{"class":62},[56,92222,67],{"class":66},[56,92224,59521],{"class":62},[56,92226,67],{"class":66},[56,92228,198],{"class":79},[56,92230,83],{"class":66},[14,92232,130],{},[47,92234,92236],{"className":49,"code":92235,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"range(0, 5)\n",[18,92237,92238],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92239,92240,92242,92244,92246,92248,92250],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92241,59521],{"class":62},[56,92243,67],{"class":66},[56,92245,181],{"class":79},[56,92247,1080],{"class":66},[56,92249,4075],{"class":79},[56,92251,241],{"class":66},[14,92253,92254],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[47,92256,92257],{"className":49,"code":90571,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,92258,92259],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92260,92261,92263,92265,92267,92269,92271,92273,92275],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92262,63],{"class":62},[56,92264,67],{"class":66},[56,92266,7577],{"class":989},[56,92268,67],{"class":66},[56,92270,59521],{"class":62},[56,92272,67],{"class":66},[56,92274,198],{"class":79},[56,92276,1000],{"class":66},[14,92278,130],{},[47,92280,92281],{"className":49,"code":59544,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,92282,92283],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92284,92285,92287,92289,92291,92293,92295,92297,92299,92301,92303,92305],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92286,3366],{"class":66},[56,92288,181],{"class":79},[56,92290,1080],{"class":66},[56,92292,4973],{"class":79},[56,92294,1080],{"class":66},[56,92296,1083],{"class":79},[56,92298,1080],{"class":66},[56,92300,529],{"class":79},[56,92302,1080],{"class":66},[56,92304,535],{"class":79},[56,92306,3093],{"class":66},[42,92308,92310],{"id":92309},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[14,92312,8362,92313,81864],{},[18,92314,35710],{},[47,92316,92318],{"className":49,"code":92317,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[18,92319,92320,92334,92352,92374,92402],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92321,92322,92324,92326,92328,92330,92332],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92323,63],{"class":62},[56,92325,67],{"class":66},[56,92327,59521],{"class":62},[56,92329,67],{"class":66},[56,92331,198],{"class":79},[56,92333,83],{"class":66},[56,92335,92336,92338,92340,92342,92344,92346,92348,92350],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,92337,63],{"class":62},[56,92339,67],{"class":66},[56,92341,7577],{"class":989},[56,92343,67],{"class":66},[56,92345,59521],{"class":62},[56,92347,67],{"class":66},[56,92349,198],{"class":79},[56,92351,1000],{"class":66},[56,92353,92354,92356,92358,92360,92362,92364,92366,92368,92370,92372],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,92355,63],{"class":62},[56,92357,67],{"class":66},[56,92359,7577],{"class":989},[56,92361,67],{"class":66},[56,92363,59521],{"class":62},[56,92365,67],{"class":66},[56,92367,115],{"class":79},[56,92369,1080],{"class":66},[56,92371,5837],{"class":79},[56,92373,1000],{"class":66},[56,92375,92376,92378,92380,92382,92384,92386,92388,92390,92392,92394,92396,92398,92400],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,92377,63],{"class":62},[56,92379,67],{"class":66},[56,92381,7577],{"class":989},[56,92383,67],{"class":66},[56,92385,59521],{"class":62},[56,92387,67],{"class":66},[56,92389,406],{"class":79},[56,92391,1080],{"class":66},[56,92393,3297],{"class":79},[56,92395,1080],{"class":66},[56,92397,291],{"class":75},[56,92399,115],{"class":79},[56,92401,1000],{"class":66},[56,92403,92404,92406,92408,92410,92412,92414,92416,92418],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,92405,63],{"class":62},[56,92407,67],{"class":66},[56,92409,1314],{"class":989},[56,92411,67],{"class":66},[56,92413,59521],{"class":62},[56,92415,67],{"class":66},[56,92417,198],{"class":79},[56,92419,1000],{"class":66},[14,92421,25513],{},[26,92423,92424,92427,92430],{},[29,92425,92426],{},"what values are being created",[29,92428,92429],{},"whether the direction is correct",[29,92431,92432,92433,24121],{},"whether you are working with a ",[18,92434,59521],{},[42,92436,1553],{"id":1552},[615,92438,12199,92440,92442],{"id":92439},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[18,92441,35710],{}," include the last number?",[14,92444,92445],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[615,92447,4631,92449,92451,92452,571],{"id":92448},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[18,92450,90378],{}," start at ",[18,92453,181],{},[14,92455,92456,92457,497],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[18,92458,181],{},[615,92460,4643,92462,92464],{"id":92461},"can-range-count-backward",[18,92463,35710],{}," count backward?",[14,92466,92467,92468,497],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[18,92469,92470],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[615,92472,14401,92474,25548],{"id":92473},"is-range-a-list",[18,92475,35710],{},[14,92477,25551,92478,92480,92481,23442],{},[18,92479,59521],{}," object. Use ",[18,92482,92483],{},"list(range(...))",[615,92485,4631,92487,48203],{"id":92486},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[18,92488,92489],{},"range(input())",[14,92491,92492,1583,92494,497],{},[18,92493,1046],{},[18,92495,92496],{},"int(input())",[42,92498,1601],{"id":1600},[26,92500,92501,92505,92511,92517,92523],{},[29,92502,92503],{},[372,92504,35540],{"href":35539},[29,92506,92507],{},[372,92508,3031,92509,1610],{"href":41874},[18,92510,41877],{},[29,92512,92513],{},[372,92514,3031,92515,1610],{"href":91547},[18,92516,35260],{},[29,92518,92519],{},[372,92520,37032,92521,36121],{"href":36117},[18,92522,35260],{},[29,92524,92525],{},[372,92526,50043,92527],{"href":50042},[18,92528,50046],{},[1633,92530,92531],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":92533},[92534,92535,92537,92543,92551,92558,92560,92572,92573,92585],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":90387,"depth":86,"text":92536},"What range() does",{"id":90480,"depth":86,"text":92538,"children":92539},"range() syntax",[92540,92541,92542],{"id":90560,"depth":102,"text":90563},{"id":90624,"depth":102,"text":90627},{"id":90692,"depth":102,"text":90695},{"id":90763,"depth":86,"text":90764,"children":92544},[92545,92546,92547,92548,92549],{"id":90770,"depth":102,"text":90378},{"id":90833,"depth":102,"text":90836},{"id":90897,"depth":102,"text":90900},{"id":90973,"depth":102,"text":90974},{"id":76337,"depth":102,"text":92550},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91132,"depth":86,"text":92552,"children":92553},"Using range() in a for loop",[92554,92555,92556],{"id":91234,"depth":102,"text":91235},{"id":91279,"depth":102,"text":91280},{"id":91359,"depth":102,"text":92557},"range() and indexing",{"id":91634,"depth":86,"text":92559},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":3987,"depth":86,"text":3988,"children":92561},[92562,92563,92565,92566,92568,92570],{"id":91817,"depth":102,"text":91818},{"id":91913,"depth":102,"text":92564},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":91979,"depth":102,"text":91980},{"id":92114,"depth":102,"text":92567},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92171,"depth":102,"text":92569},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92205,"depth":102,"text":92571},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92309,"depth":86,"text":92310},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":92574},[92575,92577,92579,92581,92583],{"id":92439,"depth":102,"text":92576},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92448,"depth":102,"text":92578},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92461,"depth":102,"text":92580},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92473,"depth":102,"text":92582},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92486,"depth":102,"text":92584},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90281,"description":92586},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92593,"title":92594,"body":92595,"description":94268,"extension":1665,"meta":94269,"navigation":316,"path":94270,"seo":94271,"stem":94272,"__hash__":94273},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92596,"toc":94241},[92597,92606,92613,92630,92646,92648,92697,92705,92709,92712,92732,92734,92798,92800,92843,92846,92892,92894,92927,92937,92943,92951,92968,92970,93001,93003,93028,93033,93044,93047,93117,93119,93150,93155,93160,93177,93179,93230,93232,93265,93268,93275,93280,93284,93300,93302,93346,93348,93394,93397,93410,93415,93419,93433,93435,93486,93488,93521,93526,93528,93535,93537,93560,93562,93627,93629,93646,93649,93682,93684,93712,93722,93729,93733,93736,93754,93757,93785,93788,93806,93811,93817,93820,93842,93844,93872,93874,93877,93902,93905,94018,94020,94099,94101,94107,94112,94120,94128,94132,94135,94137,94170,94172,94180,94186,94193,94200,94203,94205,94238],[10,92598,3031,92600,10075,92602,92605],{"id":92599},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[18,92601,35710],{},[18,92603,92604],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[14,92607,92608,3862,92610,92612],{},[18,92609,35710],{},[18,92611,92604],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[26,92614,92615,92623],{},[29,92616,92617,92619,92620],{},[18,92618,35710],{}," creates a ",[3205,92621,92622],{},"range object",[29,92624,92625,92619,92627],{},[18,92626,92604],{},[3205,92628,92629],{},"real list",[14,92631,92632,92633,92635,92636,92639,92640,92642,92643,92645],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[18,92634,90378],{}," to behave exactly like ",[18,92637,92638],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[18,92641,35710],{}," for looping, and only use ",[18,92644,92604],{}," when you actually need a list.",[42,92647,3065],{"id":3064},[47,92649,92651],{"className":49,"code":92650,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,92652,92653,92667,92680],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92654,92655,92657,92659,92661,92663,92665],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92656,3075],{"class":284},[56,92658,288],{"class":75},[56,92660,53591],{"class":62},[56,92662,67],{"class":66},[56,92664,198],{"class":79},[56,92666,241],{"class":66},[56,92668,92669,92671,92673,92675,92677],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,92670,63],{"class":62},[56,92672,67],{"class":66},[56,92674,3107],{"class":237},[56,92676,3120],{"class":66},[56,92678,92679],{"class":3123},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[56,92681,92682,92684,92686,92688,92690,92692,92694],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,92683,63],{"class":62},[56,92685,67],{"class":66},[56,92687,7577],{"class":989},[56,92689,67],{"class":66},[56,92691,3107],{"class":237},[56,92693,4836],{"class":66},[56,92695,92696],{"class":3123},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,92698,153,92699,92701,92702,92704],{},[18,92700,35710],{}," for looping. Use ",[18,92703,92604],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[42,92706,92708],{"id":92707},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[14,92710,92711],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[26,92713,92714,92721,92726,92729],{},[29,92715,92716,21478,92718,92720],{},[18,92717,35710],{},[3205,92719,92622],{},", not a list",[29,92722,92723,92725],{},[18,92724,92604],{}," converts that range object into a list",[29,92727,92728],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[29,92730,92731],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[14,92733,274],{},[47,92735,92737],{"className":49,"code":92736,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[18,92738,92739,92754,92773,92777,92787],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92740,92741,92744,92746,92748,92750,92752],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92742,92743],{"class":284},"r ",[56,92745,288],{"class":75},[56,92747,53591],{"class":62},[56,92749,67],{"class":66},[56,92751,198],{"class":79},[56,92753,241],{"class":66},[56,92755,92756,92759,92761,92763,92765,92767,92769,92771],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,92757,92758],{"class":284},"lst ",[56,92760,288],{"class":75},[56,92762,22063],{"class":989},[56,92764,67],{"class":66},[56,92766,59521],{"class":62},[56,92768,67],{"class":66},[56,92770,198],{"class":79},[56,92772,83],{"class":66},[56,92774,92775],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,92776,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,92778,92779,92781,92783,92785],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,92780,63],{"class":62},[56,92782,67],{"class":66},[56,92784,60028],{"class":237},[56,92786,241],{"class":66},[56,92788,92789,92791,92793,92796],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,92790,63],{"class":62},[56,92792,67],{"class":66},[56,92794,92795],{"class":237},"lst",[56,92797,241],{"class":66},[14,92799,130],{},[47,92801,92803],{"className":49,"code":92802,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,92804,92805,92819],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92806,92807,92809,92811,92813,92815,92817],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92808,59521],{"class":62},[56,92810,67],{"class":66},[56,92812,181],{"class":79},[56,92814,1080],{"class":66},[56,92816,4075],{"class":79},[56,92818,241],{"class":66},[56,92820,92821,92823,92825,92827,92829,92831,92833,92835,92837,92839,92841],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,92822,3366],{"class":66},[56,92824,181],{"class":79},[56,92826,1080],{"class":66},[56,92828,4973],{"class":79},[56,92830,1080],{"class":66},[56,92832,1083],{"class":79},[56,92834,1080],{"class":66},[56,92836,529],{"class":79},[56,92838,1080],{"class":66},[56,92840,535],{"class":79},[56,92842,3093],{"class":66},[14,92844,92845],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[47,92847,92849],{"className":49,"code":92848,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[18,92850,92851,92869],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92852,92853,92855,92857,92859,92861,92863,92865,92867],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92854,63],{"class":62},[56,92856,67],{"class":66},[56,92858,1314],{"class":989},[56,92860,67],{"class":66},[56,92862,59521],{"class":62},[56,92864,67],{"class":66},[56,92866,198],{"class":79},[56,92868,1000],{"class":66},[56,92870,92871,92873,92875,92877,92879,92881,92883,92885,92887,92889],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,92872,63],{"class":62},[56,92874,67],{"class":66},[56,92876,1314],{"class":989},[56,92878,67],{"class":66},[56,92880,7577],{"class":989},[56,92882,67],{"class":66},[56,92884,59521],{"class":62},[56,92886,67],{"class":66},[56,92888,198],{"class":79},[56,92890,92891],{"class":66},"))))\n",[14,92893,130],{},[47,92895,92897],{"className":49,"code":92896,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,92898,92899,92913],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92900,92901,92903,92905,92907,92909,92911],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92902,1383],{"class":75},[56,92904,1386],{"class":124},[56,92906,1389],{"class":937},[56,92908,59521],{"class":941},[56,92910,1394],{"class":937},[56,92912,1397],{"class":75},[56,92914,92915,92917,92919,92921,92923,92925],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,92916,1383],{"class":75},[56,92918,1386],{"class":124},[56,92920,1389],{"class":937},[56,92922,7577],{"class":941},[56,92924,1394],{"class":937},[56,92926,1397],{"class":75},[14,92928,92929,92930,92932,92933,497],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[18,92931,35710],{}," works, see ",[372,92934,3031,92935,1610],{"href":92588},[18,92936,35710],{},[42,92938,3138,92940,92942],{"id":92939},"what-range-gives-you",[18,92941,35710],{}," gives you",[14,92944,92945,92947,92948,92950],{},[18,92946,35710],{}," is most often used in ",[18,92949,5434],{}," loops.",[26,92952,92953,92956,92959,92962],{},[29,92954,92955],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[29,92957,92958],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[29,92960,92961],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[29,92963,92964,92965],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[18,92966,92967],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[14,92969,274],{},[47,92971,92973],{"className":49,"code":92972,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[18,92974,92975,92991],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,92976,92977,92979,92981,92983,92985,92987,92989],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,92978,5434],{"class":3341},[56,92980,69072],{"class":284},[56,92982,3348],{"class":3341},[56,92984,53591],{"class":62},[56,92986,67],{"class":66},[56,92988,198],{"class":79},[56,92990,7826],{"class":66},[56,92992,92993,92995,92997,92999],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,92994,7552],{"class":62},[56,92996,67],{"class":66},[56,92998,35666],{"class":237},[56,93000,241],{"class":66},[14,93002,130],{},[47,93004,93006],{"className":49,"code":93005,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[18,93007,93008,93012,93016,93020,93024],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93009,93010],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93011,46770],{"class":79},[56,93013,93014],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,93015,46435],{"class":79},[56,93017,93018],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,93019,16556],{"class":79},[56,93021,93022],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,93023,46135],{"class":79},[56,93025,93026],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,93027,48169],{"class":79},[14,93029,20273,93030,93032],{},[18,93031,90378],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[14,93034,93035,93036,93038,93039,497],{},"This is one reason ",[18,93037,35710],{}," is so common with ",[372,93040,3031,93042,90409],{"href":93041},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[18,93043,5434],{},[14,93045,93046],{},"You can also inspect it:",[47,93048,93050],{"className":49,"code":93049,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[18,93051,93052,93074,93078,93088,93102],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93053,93054,93056,93058,93060,93062,93064,93066,93068,93070,93072],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93055,92743],{"class":284},[56,93057,288],{"class":75},[56,93059,53591],{"class":62},[56,93061,67],{"class":66},[56,93063,115],{"class":79},[56,93065,1080],{"class":66},[56,93067,5481],{"class":79},[56,93069,1080],{"class":66},[56,93071,1083],{"class":79},[56,93073,241],{"class":66},[56,93075,93076],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,93077,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,93079,93080,93082,93084,93086],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,93081,63],{"class":62},[56,93083,67],{"class":66},[56,93085,60028],{"class":237},[56,93087,241],{"class":66},[56,93089,93090,93092,93094,93096,93098,93100],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,93091,63],{"class":62},[56,93093,67],{"class":66},[56,93095,10653],{"class":62},[56,93097,67],{"class":66},[56,93099,60028],{"class":237},[56,93101,83],{"class":66},[56,93103,93104,93106,93108,93110,93112,93115],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,93105,63],{"class":62},[56,93107,67],{"class":66},[56,93109,80118],{"class":79},[56,93111,20676],{"class":3341},[56,93113,93114],{"class":237}," r",[56,93116,241],{"class":66},[14,93118,130],{},[47,93120,93122],{"className":49,"code":93121,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[18,93123,93124,93142,93146],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93125,93126,93128,93130,93132,93134,93136,93138,93140],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93127,59521],{"class":62},[56,93129,67],{"class":66},[56,93131,115],{"class":79},[56,93133,1080],{"class":66},[56,93135,5481],{"class":79},[56,93137,1080],{"class":66},[56,93139,1083],{"class":79},[56,93141,241],{"class":66},[56,93143,93144],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,93145,48169],{"class":79},[56,93147,93148],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,93149,3446],{"class":3316},[42,93151,3138,93153,92942],{"id":93152},"what-listrange-gives-you",[18,93154,92604],{},[14,93156,93157,93159],{},[18,93158,92604],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[26,93161,93162,93165,93168,93171],{},[29,93163,93164],{},"It creates all values at once",[29,93166,93167],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[29,93169,93170],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[29,93172,93173,93174,93176],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[18,93175,35710],{}," for very large sequences",[14,93178,274],{},[47,93180,93182],{"className":49,"code":93181,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,93183,93184,93202,93206,93216],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93185,93186,93188,93190,93192,93194,93196,93198,93200],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93187,3075],{"class":284},[56,93189,288],{"class":75},[56,93191,22063],{"class":989},[56,93193,67],{"class":66},[56,93195,59521],{"class":62},[56,93197,67],{"class":66},[56,93199,198],{"class":79},[56,93201,83],{"class":66},[56,93203,93204],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,93205,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,93207,93208,93210,93212,93214],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,93209,63],{"class":62},[56,93211,67],{"class":66},[56,93213,3107],{"class":237},[56,93215,241],{"class":66},[56,93217,93218,93220,93222,93224,93226,93228],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,93219,63],{"class":62},[56,93221,67],{"class":66},[56,93223,3107],{"class":237},[56,93225,3366],{"class":66},[56,93227,115],{"class":79},[56,93229,3354],{"class":66},[14,93231,130],{},[47,93233,93235],{"className":49,"code":93234,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[18,93236,93237,93261],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93238,93239,93241,93243,93245,93247,93249,93251,93253,93255,93257,93259],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93240,3366],{"class":66},[56,93242,181],{"class":79},[56,93244,1080],{"class":66},[56,93246,4973],{"class":79},[56,93248,1080],{"class":66},[56,93250,1083],{"class":79},[56,93252,1080],{"class":66},[56,93254,529],{"class":79},[56,93256,1080],{"class":66},[56,93258,535],{"class":79},[56,93260,3093],{"class":66},[56,93262,93263],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,93264,16556],{"class":79},[14,93266,93267],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[14,93269,93270,93271,497],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[372,93272,3031,93273,1610],{"href":64371},[18,93274,24285],{},[42,93276,4433,93278],{"id":93277},"when-to-use-range",[18,93279,35710],{},[14,93281,153,93282,10091],{},[18,93283,35710],{},[26,93285,93286,93291,93294,93297],{},[29,93287,93288,93289,91138],{},"You are writing a ",[18,93290,5434],{},[29,93292,93293],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[29,93295,93296],{},"You are working with large sequences",[29,93298,93299],{},"You do not need a real list",[14,93301,274],{},[47,93303,93305],{"className":49,"code":93304,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[18,93306,93307,93327],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93308,93309,93311,93313,93315,93317,93319,93321,93323,93325],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93310,5434],{"class":3341},[56,93312,69072],{"class":284},[56,93314,3348],{"class":3341},[56,93316,53591],{"class":62},[56,93318,67],{"class":66},[56,93320,1077],{"class":79},[56,93322,1080],{"class":66},[56,93324,37157],{"class":79},[56,93326,7826],{"class":66},[56,93328,93329,93331,93333,93335,93338,93340,93342,93344],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,93330,7552],{"class":62},[56,93332,67],{"class":66},[56,93334,938],{"class":937},[56,93336,93337],{"class":941},"Count:",[56,93339,938],{"class":937},[56,93341,1080],{"class":66},[56,93343,35641],{"class":237},[56,93345,241],{"class":66},[14,93347,130],{},[47,93349,93351],{"className":49,"code":93350,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[18,93352,93353,93362,93370,93378,93386],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93354,93355,93358,93360],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93356,93357],{"class":284},"Count",[56,93359,971],{"class":66},[56,93361,29121],{"class":79},[56,93363,93364,93366,93368],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,93365,93357],{"class":284},[56,93367,971],{"class":66},[56,93369,45107],{"class":79},[56,93371,93372,93374,93376],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,93373,93357],{"class":284},[56,93375,971],{"class":66},[56,93377,658],{"class":79},[56,93379,93380,93382,93384],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,93381,93357],{"class":284},[56,93383,971],{"class":66},[56,93385,23167],{"class":79},[56,93387,93388,93390,93392],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,93389,93357],{"class":284},[56,93391,971],{"class":66},[56,93393,34352],{"class":79},[14,93395,93396],{},"This is the most common use.",[14,93398,93399,93400,93402,93403,61811,93405,497],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[18,93401,35260],{}," is often a better choice than ",[18,93404,36111],{},[372,93406,36118,93408,36121],{"href":93407},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[18,93409,35260],{},[42,93411,4433,93413],{"id":93412},"when-to-use-listrange",[18,93414,92604],{},[14,93416,153,93417,10091],{},[18,93418,92604],{},[26,93420,93421,93424,93427,93430],{},[29,93422,93423],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[29,93425,93426],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[29,93428,93429],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[29,93431,93432],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[14,93434,274],{},[47,93436,93438],{"className":49,"code":93437,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,93439,93440,93458,93472,93476],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93441,93442,93444,93446,93448,93450,93452,93454,93456],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93443,3075],{"class":284},[56,93445,288],{"class":75},[56,93447,22063],{"class":989},[56,93449,67],{"class":66},[56,93451,59521],{"class":62},[56,93453,67],{"class":66},[56,93455,198],{"class":79},[56,93457,83],{"class":66},[56,93459,93460,93462,93464,93466,93468,93470],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,93461,3107],{"class":284},[56,93463,497],{"class":66},[56,93465,13050],{"class":237},[56,93467,67],{"class":66},[56,93469,198],{"class":79},[56,93471,241],{"class":66},[56,93473,93474],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,93475,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,93477,93478,93480,93482,93484],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,93479,63],{"class":62},[56,93481,67],{"class":66},[56,93483,3107],{"class":237},[56,93485,241],{"class":66},[14,93487,130],{},[47,93489,93491],{"className":49,"code":93490,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[18,93492,93493],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93494,93495,93497,93499,93501,93503,93505,93507,93509,93511,93513,93515,93517,93519],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93496,3366],{"class":66},[56,93498,181],{"class":79},[56,93500,1080],{"class":66},[56,93502,4973],{"class":79},[56,93504,1080],{"class":66},[56,93506,1083],{"class":79},[56,93508,1080],{"class":66},[56,93510,529],{"class":79},[56,93512,1080],{"class":66},[56,93514,535],{"class":79},[56,93516,1080],{"class":66},[56,93518,4075],{"class":79},[56,93520,3093],{"class":66},[14,93522,5537,93523,93525],{},[18,93524,3107],{}," is a list.",[42,93527,15095],{"id":15094},[14,93529,93530,93532,93533,497],{},[18,93531,35710],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[3205,93534,37111],{},[14,93536,168],{},[26,93538,93539,93541,93546,93551,93554],{},[29,93540,21488],{},[29,93542,93543,93544],{},"You can check its length with ",[18,93545,41877],{},[29,93547,93548,93549],{},"You can test membership with ",[18,93550,3348],{},[29,93552,93553],{},"You can index it",[29,93555,93556,93557,93559],{},"But list methods such as ",[18,93558,52173],{}," do not work on it",[14,93561,274],{},[47,93563,93565],{"className":49,"code":93564,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[18,93566,93567,93581,93585,93599,93613],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93568,93569,93571,93573,93575,93577,93579],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93570,92743],{"class":284},[56,93572,288],{"class":75},[56,93574,53591],{"class":62},[56,93576,67],{"class":66},[56,93578,198],{"class":79},[56,93580,241],{"class":66},[56,93582,93583],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,93584,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,93586,93587,93589,93591,93593,93595,93597],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,93588,63],{"class":62},[56,93590,67],{"class":66},[56,93592,60028],{"class":237},[56,93594,3366],{"class":66},[56,93596,115],{"class":79},[56,93598,3354],{"class":66},[56,93600,93601,93603,93605,93607,93609,93611],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,93602,63],{"class":62},[56,93604,67],{"class":66},[56,93606,10653],{"class":62},[56,93608,67],{"class":66},[56,93610,60028],{"class":237},[56,93612,83],{"class":66},[56,93614,93615,93617,93619,93621,93623,93625],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,93616,63],{"class":62},[56,93618,67],{"class":66},[56,93620,121],{"class":79},[56,93622,20676],{"class":3341},[56,93624,93114],{"class":237},[56,93626,241],{"class":66},[14,93628,130],{},[47,93630,93632],{"className":49,"code":93631,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[18,93633,93634,93638,93642],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93635,93636],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93637,16556],{"class":79},[56,93639,93640],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,93641,1035],{"class":79},[56,93643,93644],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,93645,3446],{"class":3316},[14,93647,93648],{},"Now compare that with this:",[47,93650,93652],{"className":49,"code":93651,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[18,93653,93654,93668],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93655,93656,93658,93660,93662,93664,93666],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93657,92743],{"class":284},[56,93659,288],{"class":75},[56,93661,53591],{"class":62},[56,93663,67],{"class":66},[56,93665,198],{"class":79},[56,93667,241],{"class":66},[56,93669,93670,93672,93674,93676,93678,93680],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,93671,60028],{"class":284},[56,93673,497],{"class":66},[56,93675,13050],{"class":237},[56,93677,67],{"class":66},[56,93679,198],{"class":79},[56,93681,241],{"class":66},[14,93683,130],{},[47,93685,93687],{"className":49,"code":93686,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[18,93688,93689],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93690,93691,93693,93695,93697,93699,93701,93703,93706,93708,93710],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93692,25176],{"class":989},[56,93694,971],{"class":66},[56,93696,1389],{"class":937},[56,93698,59521],{"class":941},[56,93700,1394],{"class":937},[56,93702,24121],{"class":989},[56,93704,93705],{"class":284}," has no attribute ",[56,93707,1394],{"class":937},[56,93709,13050],{"class":941},[56,93711,29206],{"class":937},[14,93713,93714,93715,255,93717,259,93719,93721],{},"If you need methods like ",[18,93716,52173],{},[18,93718,55050],{},[18,93720,63835],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[14,93723,93724,93725,497],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[372,93726,25184,93727],{"href":34930},[18,93728,33764],{},[42,93730,93732],{"id":93731},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[14,93734,93735],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[47,93737,93738],{"className":49,"code":92214,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,93739,93740],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93741,93742,93744,93746,93748,93750,93752],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93743,63],{"class":62},[56,93745,67],{"class":66},[56,93747,59521],{"class":62},[56,93749,67],{"class":66},[56,93751,198],{"class":79},[56,93753,83],{"class":66},[14,93755,93756],{},"to show:",[47,93758,93759],{"className":49,"code":59544,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,93760,93761],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93762,93763,93765,93767,93769,93771,93773,93775,93777,93779,93781,93783],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93764,3366],{"class":66},[56,93766,181],{"class":79},[56,93768,1080],{"class":66},[56,93770,4973],{"class":79},[56,93772,1080],{"class":66},[56,93774,1083],{"class":79},[56,93776,1080],{"class":66},[56,93778,529],{"class":79},[56,93780,1080],{"class":66},[56,93782,535],{"class":79},[56,93784,3093],{"class":66},[14,93786,93787],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[47,93789,93790],{"className":49,"code":92235,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,93791,93792],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93793,93794,93796,93798,93800,93802,93804],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93795,59521],{"class":62},[56,93797,67],{"class":66},[56,93799,181],{"class":79},[56,93801,1080],{"class":66},[56,93803,4075],{"class":79},[56,93805,241],{"class":66},[14,93807,4098,93808,93810],{},[3205,93809,4101],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[14,93812,93813,93814,93816],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[3205,93815,92622],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[14,93818,93819],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[47,93821,93822],{"className":49,"code":90571,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,93823,93824],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93825,93826,93828,93830,93832,93834,93836,93838,93840],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93827,63],{"class":62},[56,93829,67],{"class":66},[56,93831,7577],{"class":989},[56,93833,67],{"class":66},[56,93835,59521],{"class":62},[56,93837,67],{"class":66},[56,93839,198],{"class":79},[56,93841,1000],{"class":66},[14,93843,130],{},[47,93845,93846],{"className":49,"code":59544,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,93847,93848],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93849,93850,93852,93854,93856,93858,93860,93862,93864,93866,93868,93870],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93851,3366],{"class":66},[56,93853,181],{"class":79},[56,93855,1080],{"class":66},[56,93857,4973],{"class":79},[56,93859,1080],{"class":66},[56,93861,1083],{"class":79},[56,93863,1080],{"class":66},[56,93865,529],{"class":79},[56,93867,1080],{"class":66},[56,93869,535],{"class":79},[56,93871,3093],{"class":66},[42,93873,912],{"id":911},[14,93875,93876],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[26,93878,93879,93885,93888,93894],{},[29,93880,7902,93881,93884],{},[18,93882,93883],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[29,93886,93887],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[29,93889,93890,93891,93893],{},"Not realizing that ",[18,93892,35710],{}," is iterable but not a list",[29,93895,7902,93896,93898,93899,93901],{},[18,93897,92604],{}," when plain ",[18,93900,35710],{}," would be simpler",[14,93903,93904],{},"These quick checks can help:",[47,93906,93908],{"className":49,"code":93907,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[18,93909,93910,93924,93942,93960,93982,94000],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,93911,93912,93914,93916,93918,93920,93922],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,93913,63],{"class":62},[56,93915,67],{"class":66},[56,93917,59521],{"class":62},[56,93919,67],{"class":66},[56,93921,198],{"class":79},[56,93923,83],{"class":66},[56,93925,93926,93928,93930,93932,93934,93936,93938,93940],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,93927,63],{"class":62},[56,93929,67],{"class":66},[56,93931,7577],{"class":989},[56,93933,67],{"class":66},[56,93935,59521],{"class":62},[56,93937,67],{"class":66},[56,93939,198],{"class":79},[56,93941,1000],{"class":66},[56,93943,93944,93946,93948,93950,93952,93954,93956,93958],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,93945,63],{"class":62},[56,93947,67],{"class":66},[56,93949,1314],{"class":989},[56,93951,67],{"class":66},[56,93953,59521],{"class":62},[56,93955,67],{"class":66},[56,93957,198],{"class":79},[56,93959,1000],{"class":66},[56,93961,93962,93964,93966,93968,93970,93972,93974,93976,93978,93980],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,93963,63],{"class":62},[56,93965,67],{"class":66},[56,93967,1314],{"class":989},[56,93969,67],{"class":66},[56,93971,7577],{"class":989},[56,93973,67],{"class":66},[56,93975,59521],{"class":62},[56,93977,67],{"class":66},[56,93979,198],{"class":79},[56,93981,92891],{"class":66},[56,93983,93984,93986,93988,93990,93992,93994,93996,93998],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,93985,63],{"class":62},[56,93987,67],{"class":66},[56,93989,121],{"class":79},[56,93991,20676],{"class":3341},[56,93993,53591],{"class":62},[56,93995,67],{"class":66},[56,93997,198],{"class":79},[56,93999,83],{"class":66},[56,94001,94002,94004,94006,94008,94010,94012,94014,94016],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,94003,63],{"class":62},[56,94005,67],{"class":66},[56,94007,10653],{"class":62},[56,94009,67],{"class":66},[56,94011,59521],{"class":62},[56,94013,67],{"class":66},[56,94015,198],{"class":79},[56,94017,1000],{"class":66},[14,94019,130],{},[47,94021,94023],{"className":49,"code":94022,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[18,94024,94025,94039,94063,94077,94091,94095],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94026,94027,94029,94031,94033,94035,94037],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94028,59521],{"class":62},[56,94030,67],{"class":66},[56,94032,181],{"class":79},[56,94034,1080],{"class":66},[56,94036,4075],{"class":79},[56,94038,241],{"class":66},[56,94040,94041,94043,94045,94047,94049,94051,94053,94055,94057,94059,94061],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,94042,3366],{"class":66},[56,94044,181],{"class":79},[56,94046,1080],{"class":66},[56,94048,4973],{"class":79},[56,94050,1080],{"class":66},[56,94052,1083],{"class":79},[56,94054,1080],{"class":66},[56,94056,529],{"class":79},[56,94058,1080],{"class":66},[56,94060,535],{"class":79},[56,94062,3093],{"class":66},[56,94064,94065,94067,94069,94071,94073,94075],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,94066,1383],{"class":75},[56,94068,1386],{"class":124},[56,94070,1389],{"class":937},[56,94072,59521],{"class":941},[56,94074,1394],{"class":937},[56,94076,1397],{"class":75},[56,94078,94079,94081,94083,94085,94087,94089],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,94080,1383],{"class":75},[56,94082,1386],{"class":124},[56,94084,1389],{"class":937},[56,94086,7577],{"class":941},[56,94088,1394],{"class":937},[56,94090,1397],{"class":75},[56,94092,94093],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,94094,3446],{"class":3316},[56,94096,94097],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,94098,1035],{"class":79},[42,94100,1553],{"id":1552},[615,94102,14401,94104,94106],{"id":94103},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[18,94105,35710],{}," a list in Python?",[14,94108,45883,94109,94111],{},[18,94110,35710],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[615,94113,94115,94116,10583,94118,571],{"id":94114},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[18,94117,35710],{},[18,94119,92604],{},[14,94121,94122,94124,94125,94127],{},[18,94123,35710],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[18,94126,92604],{}," creates a full list.",[615,94129,94131],{"id":94130},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[14,94133,94134],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[14,94136,274],{},[47,94138,94140],{"className":49,"code":94139,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[18,94141,94142,94156],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94143,94144,94146,94148,94150,94152,94154],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94145,92743],{"class":284},[56,94147,288],{"class":75},[56,94149,53591],{"class":62},[56,94151,67],{"class":66},[56,94153,198],{"class":79},[56,94155,241],{"class":66},[56,94157,94158,94160,94162,94164,94166,94168],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,94159,63],{"class":62},[56,94161,67],{"class":66},[56,94163,60028],{"class":237},[56,94165,3366],{"class":66},[56,94167,1077],{"class":79},[56,94169,3354],{"class":66},[14,94171,130],{},[47,94173,94174],{"className":49,"code":46435,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,94175,94176],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94177,94178],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94179,46435],{"class":79},[615,94181,4631,94183,94185],{"id":94182},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[18,94184,93883],{}," not show all numbers?",[14,94187,94188,94189,94192],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[18,94190,94191],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[615,94194,94196,94197,94199],{"id":94195},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[18,94198,35710],{}," to a list?",[14,94201,94202],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[42,94204,1601],{"id":1600},[26,94206,94207,94213,94219,94226,94232],{},[29,94208,94209],{},[372,94210,3031,94211,1610],{"href":92588},[18,94212,35710],{},[29,94214,94215],{},[372,94216,3031,94217,1610],{"href":64371},[18,94218,24285],{},[29,94220,94221],{},[372,94222,3031,94223,94225],{"href":93041},[18,94224,5434],{}," loops explained",[29,94227,94228],{},[372,94229,37032,94230,36121],{"href":93407},[18,94231,35260],{},[29,94233,94234],{},[372,94235,25627,94236],{"href":34930},[18,94237,33764],{},[1633,94239,94240],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":94242},[94243,94244,94245,94247,94249,94251,94253,94254,94255,94256,94267],{"id":3064,"depth":86,"text":3065},{"id":92707,"depth":86,"text":92708},{"id":92939,"depth":86,"text":94246},"What range() gives you",{"id":93152,"depth":86,"text":94248},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93277,"depth":86,"text":94250},"When to use range()",{"id":93412,"depth":86,"text":94252},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15094,"depth":86,"text":15095},{"id":93731,"depth":86,"text":93732},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":94257},[94258,94260,94262,94263,94265],{"id":94103,"depth":102,"text":94259},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94114,"depth":102,"text":94261},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94130,"depth":102,"text":94131},{"id":94182,"depth":102,"text":94264},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94195,"depth":102,"text":94266},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92594,"description":94268},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94275,"title":94276,"body":94277,"description":95713,"extension":1665,"meta":95714,"navigation":316,"path":95715,"seo":95716,"stem":95717,"__hash__":95718},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94278,"toc":95679},[94279,94285,94290,94293,94307,94310,94312,94351,94353,94366,94374,94379,94395,94398,94400,94402,94423,94440,94443,94502,94504,94523,94528,94534,94537,94571,94573,94586,94589,94634,94636,94659,94666,94672,94675,94716,94718,94732,94735,94793,94795,94810,94823,94829,94835,94900,94902,94921,94923,94941,94944,94948,94954,94956,94989,94991,95004,95014,95017,95078,95080,95101,95104,95106,95122,95127,95131,95136,95141,95197,95199,95217,95220,95265,95267,95275,95280,95284,95298,95300,95332,95334,95343,95345,95349,95358,95361,95393,95395,95407,95410,95414,95419,95460,95462,95470,95473,95496,95500,95502,95511,95514,95567,95569,95578,95582,95587,95598,95600,95609,95612,95618,95621,95627,95637,95645,95652,95654,95676],[10,94280,3031,94282,3035],{"id":94281},"python-round-function-explained",[18,94283,94284],{},"round()",[14,94286,8610,94287,94289],{},[18,94288,94284],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[14,94291,94292],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[26,94294,94295,94301],{},[29,94296,94297,94300],{},[18,94298,94299],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[29,94302,94303,94306],{},[18,94304,94305],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94308,94309],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[42,94311,45],{"id":44},[47,94313,94315],{"className":49,"code":94314,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[18,94316,94317,94333],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94318,94319,94321,94323,94326,94328,94331],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94320,63],{"class":62},[56,94322,67],{"class":66},[56,94324,94325],{"class":62},"round",[56,94327,67],{"class":66},[56,94329,94330],{"class":79},"3.14159",[56,94332,83],{"class":66},[56,94334,94335,94337,94339,94341,94343,94345,94347,94349],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,94336,63],{"class":62},[56,94338,67],{"class":66},[56,94340,94325],{"class":62},[56,94342,67],{"class":66},[56,94344,94330],{"class":79},[56,94346,1080],{"class":66},[56,94348,1083],{"class":79},[56,94350,83],{"class":66},[14,94352,130],{},[47,94354,94356],{"className":49,"code":94355,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3\n3.14\n",[18,94357,94358,94362],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94359,94360],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94361,46135],{"class":79},[56,94363,94364],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,94365,39692],{"class":79},[14,94367,153,94368,94370,94371,94373],{},[18,94369,94299],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[18,94372,94305],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[42,94375,3138,94377,3141],{"id":94376},"what-round-does",[18,94378,94284],{},[26,94380,94381,94386,94389,94392],{},[29,94382,94383,94385],{},[18,94384,94284],{}," is a built-in Python function",[29,94387,94388],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[29,94390,94391],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[29,94393,94394],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94396,94397],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[42,94399,220],{"id":219},[14,94401,223],{},[47,94403,94405],{"className":49,"code":94404,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[18,94406,94407],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94408,94409,94411,94413,94415,94418,94421],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94410,94325],{"class":62},[56,94412,67],{"class":66},[56,94414,309],{"class":237},[56,94416,94417],{"class":66},"[,",[56,94419,94420],{"class":237}," ndigits",[56,94422,3354],{"class":66},[26,94424,94425,94430,94435],{},[29,94426,94427,94429],{},[18,94428,309],{}," is the value to round",[29,94431,94432,19541],{},[18,94433,94434],{},"ndigits",[29,94436,94437,94439],{},[18,94438,94434],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[14,94441,94442],{},"Basic examples:",[47,94444,94446],{"className":49,"code":94445,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[18,94447,94448,94463,94481],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94449,94450,94452,94454,94456,94458,94461],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94451,63],{"class":62},[56,94453,67],{"class":66},[56,94455,94325],{"class":62},[56,94457,67],{"class":66},[56,94459,94460],{"class":79},"7.8",[56,94462,83],{"class":66},[56,94464,94465,94467,94469,94471,94473,94475,94477,94479],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,94466,63],{"class":62},[56,94468,67],{"class":66},[56,94470,94325],{"class":62},[56,94472,67],{"class":66},[56,94474,94460],{"class":79},[56,94476,1080],{"class":66},[56,94478,4973],{"class":79},[56,94480,83],{"class":66},[56,94482,94483,94485,94487,94489,94491,94494,94496,94498,94500],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,94484,63],{"class":62},[56,94486,67],{"class":66},[56,94488,94325],{"class":62},[56,94490,67],{"class":66},[56,94492,94493],{"class":79},"1234",[56,94495,1080],{"class":66},[56,94497,291],{"class":75},[56,94499,115],{"class":79},[56,94501,83],{"class":66},[14,94503,130],{},[47,94505,94507],{"className":49,"code":94506,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[18,94508,94509,94513,94518],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94510,94511],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94512,457],{"class":79},[56,94514,94515],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,94516,94517],{"class":79},"7.8\n",[56,94519,94520],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,94521,94522],{"class":79},"1200\n",[14,94524,94525,94526,497],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[372,94527,496],{"href":495},[42,94529,7902,94531,94533],{"id":94530},"using-round-with-one-argument",[18,94532,94284],{}," with one argument",[14,94535,94536],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[47,94538,94540],{"className":49,"code":94539,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[18,94541,94542,94556],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94543,94544,94546,94548,94550,94552,94554],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94545,63],{"class":62},[56,94547,67],{"class":66},[56,94549,94325],{"class":62},[56,94551,67],{"class":66},[56,94553,438],{"class":79},[56,94555,83],{"class":66},[56,94557,94558,94560,94562,94564,94566,94569],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,94559,63],{"class":62},[56,94561,67],{"class":66},[56,94563,94325],{"class":62},[56,94565,67],{"class":66},[56,94567,94568],{"class":79},"4.8",[56,94570,83],{"class":66},[14,94572,130],{},[47,94574,94576],{"className":49,"code":94575,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"4\n5\n",[18,94577,94578,94582],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94579,94580],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94581,48169],{"class":79},[56,94583,94584],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,94585,1035],{"class":79},[14,94587,94588],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[47,94590,94592],{"className":49,"code":94591,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,94593,94594,94610,94620],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94595,94596,94598,94600,94603,94605,94608],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94597,299],{"class":284},[56,94599,288],{"class":75},[56,94601,94602],{"class":62}," round",[56,94604,67],{"class":66},[56,94606,94607],{"class":79},"10.2",[56,94609,241],{"class":66},[56,94611,94612,94614,94616,94618],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,94613,63],{"class":62},[56,94615,67],{"class":66},[56,94617,338],{"class":237},[56,94619,241],{"class":66},[56,94621,94622,94624,94626,94628,94630,94632],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,94623,63],{"class":62},[56,94625,67],{"class":66},[56,94627,1314],{"class":989},[56,94629,67],{"class":66},[56,94631,338],{"class":237},[56,94633,83],{"class":66},[14,94635,130],{},[47,94637,94639],{"className":49,"code":94638,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,94640,94641,94645],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94642,94643],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94644,452],{"class":79},[56,94646,94647,94649,94651,94653,94655,94657],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,94648,1383],{"class":75},[56,94650,1386],{"class":124},[56,94652,1389],{"class":937},[56,94654,254],{"class":941},[56,94656,1394],{"class":937},[56,94658,1397],{"class":75},[14,94660,94661,94662,497],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[372,94663,3031,94664,1610],{"href":960},[18,94665,963],{},[42,94667,7902,94669,94671],{"id":94668},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[18,94670,94284],{}," with decimal places",[14,94673,94674],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[47,94676,94678],{"className":49,"code":94677,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[18,94679,94680,94698],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94681,94682,94684,94686,94688,94690,94692,94694,94696],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94683,63],{"class":62},[56,94685,67],{"class":66},[56,94687,94325],{"class":62},[56,94689,67],{"class":66},[56,94691,94330],{"class":79},[56,94693,1080],{"class":66},[56,94695,1083],{"class":79},[56,94697,83],{"class":66},[56,94699,94700,94702,94704,94706,94708,94710,94712,94714],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,94701,63],{"class":62},[56,94703,67],{"class":66},[56,94705,94325],{"class":62},[56,94707,67],{"class":66},[56,94709,94330],{"class":79},[56,94711,1080],{"class":66},[56,94713,529],{"class":79},[56,94715,83],{"class":66},[14,94717,130],{},[47,94719,94721],{"className":49,"code":94720,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3.14\n3.142\n",[18,94722,94723,94727],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94724,94725],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94726,39692],{"class":79},[56,94728,94729],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,94730,94731],{"class":79},"3.142\n",[14,94733,94734],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[47,94736,94738],{"className":49,"code":94737,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[18,94739,94740,94749,94768,94772,94782],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94741,94742,94744,94746],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94743,39902],{"class":284},[56,94745,288],{"class":75},[56,94747,94748],{"class":79}," 19.9876\n",[56,94750,94751,94754,94756,94758,94760,94762,94764,94766],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,94752,94753],{"class":284},"rounded_price ",[56,94755,288],{"class":75},[56,94757,94602],{"class":62},[56,94759,67],{"class":66},[56,94761,24654],{"class":237},[56,94763,1080],{"class":66},[56,94765,1083],{"class":79},[56,94767,241],{"class":66},[56,94769,94770],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,94771,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,94773,94774,94776,94778,94780],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,94775,63],{"class":62},[56,94777,67],{"class":66},[56,94779,24654],{"class":237},[56,94781,241],{"class":66},[56,94783,94784,94786,94788,94791],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,94785,63],{"class":62},[56,94787,67],{"class":66},[56,94789,94790],{"class":237},"rounded_price",[56,94792,241],{"class":66},[14,94794,130],{},[47,94796,94798],{"className":49,"code":94797,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[18,94799,94800,94805],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94801,94802],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94803,94804],{"class":79},"19.9876\n",[56,94806,94807],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,94808,94809],{"class":79},"19.99\n",[14,94811,94812,94813,94816,94817,964,94819,497],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[18,94814,94815],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[372,94818,40407],{"href":40406},[372,94820,3031,94821,1610],{"href":967},[18,94822,970],{},[42,94824,94826,94827],{"id":94825},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[18,94828,94434],{},[14,94830,94831,94832,94834],{},"A negative ",[18,94833,94434],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[47,94836,94838],{"className":49,"code":94837,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[18,94839,94840,94860,94880],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94841,94842,94844,94846,94848,94850,94852,94854,94856,94858],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94843,63],{"class":62},[56,94845,67],{"class":66},[56,94847,94325],{"class":62},[56,94849,67],{"class":66},[56,94851,94493],{"class":79},[56,94853,1080],{"class":66},[56,94855,291],{"class":75},[56,94857,1077],{"class":79},[56,94859,83],{"class":66},[56,94861,94862,94864,94866,94868,94870,94872,94874,94876,94878],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,94863,63],{"class":62},[56,94865,67],{"class":66},[56,94867,94325],{"class":62},[56,94869,67],{"class":66},[56,94871,94493],{"class":79},[56,94873,1080],{"class":66},[56,94875,291],{"class":75},[56,94877,115],{"class":79},[56,94879,83],{"class":66},[56,94881,94882,94884,94886,94888,94890,94892,94894,94896,94898],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,94883,63],{"class":62},[56,94885,67],{"class":66},[56,94887,94325],{"class":62},[56,94889,67],{"class":66},[56,94891,94493],{"class":79},[56,94893,1080],{"class":66},[56,94895,291],{"class":75},[56,94897,121],{"class":79},[56,94899,83],{"class":66},[14,94901,130],{},[47,94903,94905],{"className":49,"code":94904,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[18,94906,94907,94912,94916],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94908,94909],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94910,94911],{"class":79},"1230\n",[56,94913,94914],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,94915,94522],{"class":79},[56,94917,94918],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,94919,94920],{"class":79},"1000\n",[14,94922,65108],{},[26,94924,94925,94930,94936],{},[29,94926,94927,94929],{},[18,94928,65378],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[29,94931,94932,94935],{},[18,94933,94934],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[29,94937,94938,94940],{},[18,94939,47189],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[14,94942,94943],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[42,94945,94947],{"id":94946},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[14,94949,94950,94951,497],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[18,94952,94953],{},".5",[14,94955,4947],{},[47,94957,94959],{"className":49,"code":94958,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[18,94960,94961,94975],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94962,94963,94965,94967,94969,94971,94973],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94964,63],{"class":62},[56,94966,67],{"class":66},[56,94968,94325],{"class":62},[56,94970,67],{"class":66},[56,94972,40674],{"class":79},[56,94974,83],{"class":66},[56,94976,94977,94979,94981,94983,94985,94987],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,94978,63],{"class":62},[56,94980,67],{"class":66},[56,94982,94325],{"class":62},[56,94984,67],{"class":66},[56,94986,97],{"class":79},[56,94988,83],{"class":66},[14,94990,130],{},[47,94992,94994],{"className":49,"code":94993,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"2\n4\n",[18,94995,94996,95000],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,94997,94998],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,94999,16556],{"class":79},[56,95001,95002],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,95003,48169],{"class":79},[14,95005,95006,95007,95010,95011,95013],{},"Python uses ",[3205,95008,95009],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[18,95012,94953],{}," situations.",[14,95015,95016],{},"More examples:",[47,95018,95020],{"className":49,"code":95019,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[18,95021,95022,95036,95050,95064],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95023,95024,95026,95028,95030,95032,95034],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95025,63],{"class":62},[56,95027,67],{"class":66},[56,95029,94325],{"class":62},[56,95031,67],{"class":66},[56,95033,40687],{"class":79},[56,95035,83],{"class":66},[56,95037,95038,95040,95042,95044,95046,95048],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,95039,63],{"class":62},[56,95041,67],{"class":66},[56,95043,94325],{"class":62},[56,95045,67],{"class":66},[56,95047,40674],{"class":79},[56,95049,83],{"class":66},[56,95051,95052,95054,95056,95058,95060,95062],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,95053,63],{"class":62},[56,95055,67],{"class":66},[56,95057,94325],{"class":62},[56,95059,67],{"class":66},[56,95061,97],{"class":79},[56,95063,83],{"class":66},[56,95065,95066,95068,95070,95072,95074,95076],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,95067,63],{"class":62},[56,95069,67],{"class":66},[56,95071,94325],{"class":62},[56,95073,67],{"class":66},[56,95075,40639],{"class":79},[56,95077,83],{"class":66},[14,95079,130],{},[47,95081,95083],{"className":49,"code":95082,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[18,95084,95085,95089,95093,95097],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95086,95087],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95088,16556],{"class":79},[56,95090,95091],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,95092,16556],{"class":79},[56,95094,95095],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,95096,48169],{"class":79},[56,95098,95099],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,95100,48169],{"class":79},[14,95102,95103],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[14,95105,10203],{},[26,95107,95108,95115],{},[29,95109,95110,195,95113],{},[18,95111,95112],{},"round(2.5)",[18,95114,115],{},[29,95116,95117,195,95120],{},[18,95118,95119],{},"round(3.5)",[18,95121,584],{},[14,95123,1261,95124,95126],{},[18,95125,94953],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[42,95128,95130],{"id":95129},"return-values","Return values",[14,95132,95133,95135],{},[18,95134,94284],{}," returns the rounded value.",[14,95137,40421,95138,95140],{},[3205,95139,4101],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[47,95142,95144],{"className":49,"code":95143,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[18,95145,95146,95155,95159,95169,95187],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95147,95148,95150,95152],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95149,524],{"class":284},[56,95151,288],{"class":75},[56,95153,95154],{"class":79}," 3.14159\n",[56,95156,95157],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,95158,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,95160,95161,95163,95165,95167],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,95162,63],{"class":62},[56,95164,67],{"class":66},[56,95166,551],{"class":237},[56,95168,241],{"class":66},[56,95170,95171,95173,95175,95177,95179,95181,95183,95185],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,95172,63],{"class":62},[56,95174,67],{"class":66},[56,95176,94325],{"class":62},[56,95178,67],{"class":66},[56,95180,551],{"class":237},[56,95182,1080],{"class":66},[56,95184,1083],{"class":79},[56,95186,83],{"class":66},[56,95188,95189,95191,95193,95195],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,95190,63],{"class":62},[56,95192,67],{"class":66},[56,95194,551],{"class":237},[56,95196,241],{"class":66},[14,95198,130],{},[47,95200,95202],{"className":49,"code":95201,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[18,95203,95204,95209,95213],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95205,95206],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95207,95208],{"class":79},"3.14159\n",[56,95210,95211],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,95212,39692],{"class":79},[56,95214,95215],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,95216,95208],{"class":79},[14,95218,95219],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[47,95221,95223],{"className":49,"code":95222,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[18,95224,95225,95233,95251,95255],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95226,95227,95229,95231],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95228,524],{"class":284},[56,95230,288],{"class":75},[56,95232,95154],{"class":79},[56,95234,95235,95237,95239,95241,95243,95245,95247,95249],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,95236,524],{"class":284},[56,95238,288],{"class":75},[56,95240,94602],{"class":62},[56,95242,67],{"class":66},[56,95244,551],{"class":237},[56,95246,1080],{"class":66},[56,95248,1083],{"class":79},[56,95250,241],{"class":66},[56,95252,95253],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,95254,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,95256,95257,95259,95261,95263],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,95258,63],{"class":62},[56,95260,67],{"class":66},[56,95262,551],{"class":237},[56,95264,241],{"class":66},[14,95266,130],{},[47,95268,95269],{"className":49,"code":39692,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,95270,95271],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95272,95273],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95274,39692],{"class":79},[42,95276,4433,95278],{"id":95277},"when-to-use-round",[18,95279,94284],{},[14,95281,153,95282,5795],{},[18,95283,94284],{},[26,95285,95286,95289,95292,95295],{},[29,95287,95288],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[29,95290,95291],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[29,95293,95294],{},"Round values before reporting results",[29,95296,95297],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[14,95299,4947],{},[47,95301,95303],{"className":49,"code":95302,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[18,95304,95305,95314],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95306,95307,95309,95311],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95308,677],{"class":284},[56,95310,288],{"class":75},[56,95312,95313],{"class":79}," 12.67891\n",[56,95315,95316,95318,95320,95322,95324,95326,95328,95330],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,95317,63],{"class":62},[56,95319,67],{"class":66},[56,95321,94325],{"class":62},[56,95323,67],{"class":66},[56,95325,700],{"class":237},[56,95327,1080],{"class":66},[56,95329,1083],{"class":79},[56,95331,83],{"class":66},[14,95333,130],{},[47,95335,95337],{"className":49,"code":95336,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"12.68\n",[18,95338,95339],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95340,95341],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95342,95336],{"class":79},[42,95344,912],{"id":911},[14,95346,22598,95347,497],{},[18,95348,94284],{},[615,95350,7938,95352,95354,95355,95357],{"id":95351},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[18,95353,94284],{}," to always round ",[18,95356,94953],{}," upward",[14,95359,95360],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[47,95362,95363],{"className":49,"code":94958,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,95364,95365,95379],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95366,95367,95369,95371,95373,95375,95377],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95368,63],{"class":62},[56,95370,67],{"class":66},[56,95372,94325],{"class":62},[56,95374,67],{"class":66},[56,95376,40674],{"class":79},[56,95378,83],{"class":66},[56,95380,95381,95383,95385,95387,95389,95391],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,95382,63],{"class":62},[56,95384,67],{"class":66},[56,95386,94325],{"class":62},[56,95388,67],{"class":66},[56,95390,97],{"class":79},[56,95392,83],{"class":66},[14,95394,130],{},[47,95396,95397],{"className":49,"code":94993,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,95398,95399,95403],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95400,95401],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95402,16556],{"class":79},[56,95404,95405],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,95406,48169],{"class":79},[14,95408,95409],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[615,95411,95413],{"id":95412},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[14,95415,95416,95418],{},[18,95417,94284],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[47,95420,95422],{"className":49,"code":95421,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[18,95423,95424,95432,95446,95450],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95425,95426,95428,95430],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95427,524],{"class":284},[56,95429,288],{"class":75},[56,95431,95154],{"class":79},[56,95433,95434,95436,95438,95440,95442,95444],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,95435,94325],{"class":62},[56,95437,67],{"class":66},[56,95439,551],{"class":237},[56,95441,1080],{"class":66},[56,95443,1083],{"class":79},[56,95445,241],{"class":66},[56,95447,95448],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,95449,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,95451,95452,95454,95456,95458],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,95453,63],{"class":62},[56,95455,67],{"class":66},[56,95457,551],{"class":237},[56,95459,241],{"class":66},[14,95461,130],{},[47,95463,95464],{"className":49,"code":95208,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,95465,95466],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95467,95468],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95469,95208],{"class":79},[14,95471,95472],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[47,95474,95476],{"className":49,"code":95475,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[18,95477,95478],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95479,95480,95482,95484,95486,95488,95490,95492,95494],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95481,524],{"class":284},[56,95483,288],{"class":75},[56,95485,94602],{"class":62},[56,95487,67],{"class":66},[56,95489,551],{"class":237},[56,95491,1080],{"class":66},[56,95493,1083],{"class":79},[56,95495,241],{"class":66},[615,95497,95499],{"id":95498},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[14,95501,15900],{},[47,95503,95505],{"className":49,"code":95504,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[18,95506,95507],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95508,95509],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95510,95504],{"class":3123},[14,95512,95513],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[47,95515,95517],{"className":49,"code":95516,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[18,95518,95519,95531,95545,95549],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95520,95521,95523,95525,95527,95529],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95522,34197],{"class":284},[56,95524,288],{"class":75},[56,95526,1448],{"class":937},[56,95528,39658],{"class":941},[56,95530,1454],{"class":937},[56,95532,95533,95535,95537,95539,95541,95543],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,95534,285],{"class":284},[56,95536,288],{"class":75},[56,95538,39770],{"class":989},[56,95540,67],{"class":66},[56,95542,34218],{"class":237},[56,95544,241],{"class":66},[56,95546,95547],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,95548,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,95550,95551,95553,95555,95557,95559,95561,95563,95565],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,95552,63],{"class":62},[56,95554,67],{"class":66},[56,95556,94325],{"class":62},[56,95558,67],{"class":66},[56,95560,309],{"class":237},[56,95562,1080],{"class":66},[56,95564,4973],{"class":79},[56,95566,83],{"class":66},[14,95568,130],{},[47,95570,95572],{"className":49,"code":95571,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3.1\n",[18,95573,95574],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95575,95576],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95577,95571],{"class":79},[615,95579,95581],{"id":95580},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[14,95583,95584,95586],{},[18,95585,94284],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[14,95588,95589,95590,964,95594,497],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[372,95591,95592],{"href":967},[18,95593,970],{},[372,95595,95596],{"href":960},[18,95597,963],{},[42,95599,1553],{"id":1552},[615,95601,12199,95603,95605,95606,95608],{"id":95602},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[18,95604,94284],{}," always round ",[18,95607,39729],{}," up?",[14,95610,95611],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[615,95613,12199,95615,95617],{"id":95614},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[18,95616,94284],{}," change the original number?",[14,95619,95620],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[615,95622,4643,95624,95626],{"id":95623},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[18,95625,94284],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[14,95628,95629,95630,95632,95633,964,95635,497],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[18,95631,94434],{}," value like ",[18,95634,65378],{},[18,95636,94934],{},[615,95638,27834,95640,95642,95643,571],{"id":95639},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[18,95641,94284],{}," on a string like ",[18,95644,47613],{},[14,95646,95647,95648,964,95650,497],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[18,95649,970],{},[18,95651,963],{},[42,95653,1601],{"id":1600},[26,95655,95656,95662,95668,95672],{},[29,95657,95658],{},[372,95659,3031,95660,1610],{"href":967},[18,95661,970],{},[29,95663,95664],{},[372,95665,3031,95666,1610],{"href":960},[18,95667,963],{},[29,95669,95670],{},[372,95671,496],{"href":495},[29,95673,95674],{},[372,95675,41697],{"href":40406},[1633,95677,95678],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":95680},[95681,95682,95684,95685,95687,95689,95691,95692,95693,95695,95702,95712],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":94376,"depth":86,"text":95683},"What round() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":94530,"depth":86,"text":95686},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94668,"depth":86,"text":95688},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":94825,"depth":86,"text":95690},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":94946,"depth":86,"text":94947},{"id":95129,"depth":86,"text":95130},{"id":95277,"depth":86,"text":95694},"When to use round()",{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912,"children":95696},[95697,95699,95700,95701],{"id":95351,"depth":102,"text":95698},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95412,"depth":102,"text":95413},{"id":95498,"depth":102,"text":95499},{"id":95580,"depth":102,"text":95581},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":95703},[95704,95706,95708,95710],{"id":95602,"depth":102,"text":95705},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95614,"depth":102,"text":95707},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95623,"depth":102,"text":95709},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95639,"depth":102,"text":95711},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94276,"description":95713},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95720,"title":95721,"body":95722,"description":96907,"extension":1665,"meta":96908,"navigation":316,"path":96909,"seo":96910,"stem":96911,"__hash__":96912},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95723,"toc":96881},[95724,95731,95737,95740,95742,95791,95795,95820,95825,95830,95835,95849,95860,95862,95881,95883,95899,95902,95913,95915,95917,95978,95982,96015,96022,96029,96032,96065,96068,96072,96075,96128,96132,96153,96159,96166,96173,96234,96242,96319,96323,96335,96344,96346,96352,96358,96362,96415,96418,96476,96480,96488,96491,96495,96498,96508,96510,96607,96610,96621,96624,96667,96671,96695,96698,96704,96706,96710,96735,96737,96804,96813,96815,96821,96826,96830,96833,96837,96844,96848,96853,96855,96872,96878],[10,95725,95727,95728,10814],{"id":95726},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[18,95729,95730],{},"add()",[14,95732,95733,95736],{},[18,95734,95735],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[14,95738,95739],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[42,95741,45],{"id":44},[47,95743,95745],{"className":49,"code":95744,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,95746,95747,95767,95781],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95748,95749,95751,95753,95755,95757,95759,95761,95763,95765],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95750,3075],{"class":284},[56,95752,288],{"class":75},[56,95754,9980],{"class":66},[56,95756,1077],{"class":79},[56,95758,1080],{"class":66},[56,95760,1083],{"class":79},[56,95762,1080],{"class":66},[56,95764,529],{"class":79},[56,95766,8797],{"class":66},[56,95768,95769,95771,95773,95775,95777,95779],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,95770,3107],{"class":284},[56,95772,497],{"class":66},[56,95774,81630],{"class":237},[56,95776,67],{"class":66},[56,95778,584],{"class":79},[56,95780,241],{"class":66},[56,95782,95783,95785,95787,95789],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,95784,63],{"class":62},[56,95786,67],{"class":66},[56,95788,3107],{"class":237},[56,95790,241],{"class":66},[14,95792,95793],{},[3205,95794,130],{},[47,95796,95798],{"className":49,"code":95797,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,95799,95800],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95801,95802,95804,95806,95808,95810,95812,95814,95816,95818],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95803,8766],{"class":66},[56,95805,1077],{"class":79},[56,95807,1080],{"class":66},[56,95809,1083],{"class":79},[56,95811,1080],{"class":66},[56,95813,529],{"class":79},[56,95815,1080],{"class":66},[56,95817,535],{"class":79},[56,95819,8797],{"class":66},[14,95821,153,95822,95824],{},[18,95823,95730],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[42,95826,3138,95828,3141],{"id":95827},"what-setadd-does",[18,95829,95735],{},[14,95831,95832,95834],{},[18,95833,95735],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[26,95836,95837,95840,95843,95846],{},[29,95838,95839],{},"Adds one item to a set",[29,95841,95842],{},"Changes the original set in place",[29,95844,95845],{},"Does not return a new set",[29,95847,95848],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[14,95850,95851,95852,964,95856,497],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[372,95853,95855],{"href":95854},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[372,95857,95859],{"href":95858},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[42,95861,220],{"id":219},[47,95863,95865],{"className":49,"code":95864,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set.add(item)\n",[18,95866,95867],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95868,95869,95871,95873,95875,95877,95879],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95870,15165],{"class":284},[56,95872,497],{"class":66},[56,95874,81630],{"class":237},[56,95876,67],{"class":66},[56,95878,22814],{"class":237},[56,95880,241],{"class":66},[14,95882,10951],{},[26,95884,95885,95890,95893],{},[29,95886,55430,95887,95889],{},[18,95888,95730],{}," on an existing set",[29,95891,95892],{},"Pass exactly one item",[29,95894,95895,95896],{},"The item must be ",[3205,95897,95898],{},"hashable",[14,95900,95901],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[26,95903,95904,95906,95908,95911],{},[29,95905,55983],{},[29,95907,55986],{},[29,95909,95910],{},"Tuples",[29,95912,40110],{},[42,95914,10968],{"id":10967},[14,95916,10971],{},[47,95918,95920],{"className":49,"code":95919,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,95921,95922,95946,95964,95968],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95923,95924,95926,95928,95930,95932,95934,95936,95938,95940,95942,95944],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95925,12572],{"class":284},[56,95927,288],{"class":75},[56,95929,9980],{"class":66},[56,95931,938],{"class":937},[56,95933,12589],{"class":941},[56,95935,938],{"class":937},[56,95937,1080],{"class":66},[56,95939,1448],{"class":937},[56,95941,12606],{"class":941},[56,95943,938],{"class":937},[56,95945,8797],{"class":66},[56,95947,95948,95950,95952,95954,95956,95958,95960,95962],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,95949,17003],{"class":284},[56,95951,497],{"class":66},[56,95953,81630],{"class":237},[56,95955,67],{"class":66},[56,95957,938],{"class":937},[56,95959,16956],{"class":941},[56,95961,938],{"class":937},[56,95963,241],{"class":66},[56,95965,95966],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,95967,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,95969,95970,95972,95974,95976],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,95971,63],{"class":62},[56,95973,67],{"class":66},[56,95975,17003],{"class":237},[56,95977,241],{"class":66},[14,95979,95980],{},[3205,95981,29536],{},[47,95983,95985],{"className":49,"code":95984,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[18,95986,95987],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,95988,95989,95991,95993,95995,95997,95999,96001,96003,96005,96007,96009,96011,96013],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,95990,8766],{"class":66},[56,95992,1394],{"class":937},[56,95994,12589],{"class":941},[56,95996,1394],{"class":937},[56,95998,1080],{"class":66},[56,96000,1389],{"class":937},[56,96002,16956],{"class":941},[56,96004,1394],{"class":937},[56,96006,1080],{"class":66},[56,96008,1389],{"class":937},[56,96010,12606],{"class":941},[56,96012,1394],{"class":937},[56,96014,8797],{"class":66},[14,96016,96017,96018,96021],{},"The new value ",[18,96019,96020],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[14,96023,96024,96025,96028],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[3205,96026,96027],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[14,96030,96031],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[47,96033,96035],{"className":49,"code":96034,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[18,96036,96037],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96038,96039,96041,96043,96045,96047,96049,96051,96053,96055,96057,96059,96061,96063],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96040,8766],{"class":66},[56,96042,1394],{"class":937},[56,96044,12606],{"class":941},[56,96046,1394],{"class":937},[56,96048,1080],{"class":66},[56,96050,1389],{"class":937},[56,96052,12589],{"class":941},[56,96054,1394],{"class":937},[56,96056,1080],{"class":66},[56,96058,1389],{"class":937},[56,96060,16956],{"class":941},[56,96062,1394],{"class":937},[56,96064,8797],{"class":66},[14,96066,96067],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[42,96069,96071],{"id":96070},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[14,96073,96074],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[47,96076,96078],{"className":49,"code":96077,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,96079,96080,96100,96114,96118],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96081,96082,96084,96086,96088,96090,96092,96094,96096,96098],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96083,3075],{"class":284},[56,96085,288],{"class":75},[56,96087,9980],{"class":66},[56,96089,1077],{"class":79},[56,96091,1080],{"class":66},[56,96093,1083],{"class":79},[56,96095,1080],{"class":66},[56,96097,529],{"class":79},[56,96099,8797],{"class":66},[56,96101,96102,96104,96106,96108,96110,96112],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,96103,3107],{"class":284},[56,96105,497],{"class":66},[56,96107,81630],{"class":237},[56,96109,67],{"class":66},[56,96111,115],{"class":79},[56,96113,241],{"class":66},[56,96115,96116],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,96117,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,96119,96120,96122,96124,96126],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,96121,63],{"class":62},[56,96123,67],{"class":66},[56,96125,3107],{"class":237},[56,96127,241],{"class":66},[14,96129,96130],{},[3205,96131,130],{},[47,96133,96135],{"className":49,"code":96134,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[18,96136,96137],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96138,96139,96141,96143,96145,96147,96149,96151],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96140,8766],{"class":66},[56,96142,1077],{"class":79},[56,96144,1080],{"class":66},[56,96146,1083],{"class":79},[56,96148,1080],{"class":66},[56,96150,529],{"class":79},[56,96152,8797],{"class":66},[14,96154,96155,96156,96158],{},"The set stays the same because ",[18,96157,115],{}," was already present.",[42,96160,96162,10075,96164],{"id":96161},"add-vs-update",[18,96163,95730],{},[18,96165,14452],{},[14,96167,153,96168,96170,96171,497],{},[18,96169,95730],{}," when you want to add ",[3205,96172,52177],{},[47,96174,96176],{"className":49,"code":96175,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,96177,96178,96202,96220,96224],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96179,96180,96182,96184,96186,96188,96190,96192,96194,96196,96198,96200],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96181,35602],{"class":284},[56,96183,288],{"class":75},[56,96185,9980],{"class":66},[56,96187,938],{"class":937},[56,96189,372],{"class":941},[56,96191,938],{"class":937},[56,96193,1080],{"class":66},[56,96195,1448],{"class":937},[56,96197,4232],{"class":941},[56,96199,938],{"class":937},[56,96201,8797],{"class":66},[56,96203,96204,96206,96208,96210,96212,96214,96216,96218],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,96205,35655],{"class":284},[56,96207,497],{"class":66},[56,96209,81630],{"class":237},[56,96211,67],{"class":66},[56,96213,938],{"class":937},[56,96215,9228],{"class":941},[56,96217,938],{"class":937},[56,96219,241],{"class":66},[56,96221,96222],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,96223,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,96225,96226,96228,96230,96232],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,96227,63],{"class":62},[56,96229,67],{"class":66},[56,96231,35655],{"class":237},[56,96233,241],{"class":66},[14,96235,153,96236,96170,96238,96241],{},[18,96237,14452],{},[3205,96239,96240],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[47,96243,96245],{"className":49,"code":96244,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[18,96246,96247,96271,96305,96309],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96248,96249,96251,96253,96255,96257,96259,96261,96263,96265,96267,96269],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96250,35602],{"class":284},[56,96252,288],{"class":75},[56,96254,9980],{"class":66},[56,96256,938],{"class":937},[56,96258,372],{"class":941},[56,96260,938],{"class":937},[56,96262,1080],{"class":66},[56,96264,1448],{"class":937},[56,96266,4232],{"class":941},[56,96268,938],{"class":937},[56,96270,8797],{"class":66},[56,96272,96273,96275,96277,96279,96281,96283,96285,96287,96289,96291,96293,96295,96297,96299,96301,96303],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,96274,35655],{"class":284},[56,96276,497],{"class":66},[56,96278,29971],{"class":237},[56,96280,1074],{"class":66},[56,96282,938],{"class":937},[56,96284,9228],{"class":941},[56,96286,938],{"class":937},[56,96288,1080],{"class":66},[56,96290,1448],{"class":937},[56,96292,18269],{"class":941},[56,96294,938],{"class":937},[56,96296,1080],{"class":66},[56,96298,1448],{"class":937},[56,96300,59970],{"class":941},[56,96302,938],{"class":937},[56,96304,3354],{"class":66},[56,96306,96307],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,96308,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,96310,96311,96313,96315,96317],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,96312,63],{"class":62},[56,96314,67],{"class":66},[56,96316,35655],{"class":237},[56,96318,241],{"class":66},[615,96320,96322],{"id":96321},"key-difference","Key difference",[26,96324,96325,96330],{},[29,96326,96327,96329],{},[18,96328,95730],{}," adds one item",[29,96331,96332,96334],{},[18,96333,14452],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[14,96336,96337,96338,497],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[372,96339,96341,96342,10231],{"href":96340},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[18,96343,14452],{},[42,96345,16919],{"id":16918},[14,96347,96348,473,96350,497],{},[18,96349,95735],{},[18,96351,3241],{},[14,96353,96354,96355,96357],{},"That means you should ",[3205,96356,4101],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[615,96359,96361],{"id":96360},"correct","Correct",[47,96363,96365],{"className":49,"code":96364,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,96366,96367,96387,96401,96405],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96368,96369,96371,96373,96375,96377,96379,96381,96383,96385],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96370,15127],{"class":284},[56,96372,288],{"class":75},[56,96374,9980],{"class":66},[56,96376,1077],{"class":79},[56,96378,1080],{"class":66},[56,96380,1083],{"class":79},[56,96382,1080],{"class":66},[56,96384,529],{"class":79},[56,96386,8797],{"class":66},[56,96388,96389,96391,96393,96395,96397,96399],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,96390,15165],{"class":284},[56,96392,497],{"class":66},[56,96394,81630],{"class":237},[56,96396,67],{"class":66},[56,96398,584],{"class":79},[56,96400,241],{"class":66},[56,96402,96403],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,96404,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,96406,96407,96409,96411,96413],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,96408,63],{"class":62},[56,96410,67],{"class":66},[56,96412,15165],{"class":237},[56,96414,241],{"class":66},[615,96416,96417],{"id":61292},"Wrong",[47,96419,96421],{"className":49,"code":96420,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,96422,96423,96443,96462,96466],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96424,96425,96427,96429,96431,96433,96435,96437,96439,96441],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96426,15127],{"class":284},[56,96428,288],{"class":75},[56,96430,9980],{"class":66},[56,96432,1077],{"class":79},[56,96434,1080],{"class":66},[56,96436,1083],{"class":79},[56,96438,1080],{"class":66},[56,96440,529],{"class":79},[56,96442,8797],{"class":66},[56,96444,96445,96447,96449,96452,96454,96456,96458,96460],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,96446,15127],{"class":284},[56,96448,288],{"class":75},[56,96450,96451],{"class":284}," my_set",[56,96453,497],{"class":66},[56,96455,81630],{"class":237},[56,96457,67],{"class":66},[56,96459,584],{"class":79},[56,96461,241],{"class":66},[56,96463,96464],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,96465,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,96467,96468,96470,96472,96474],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,96469,63],{"class":62},[56,96471,67],{"class":66},[56,96473,15165],{"class":237},[56,96475,241],{"class":66},[14,96477,96478],{},[3205,96479,130],{},[47,96481,96482],{"className":49,"code":11302,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,96483,96484],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96485,96486],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96487,11302],{"class":3316},[14,96489,96490],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[42,96492,96494],{"id":96493},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[14,96496,96497],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[26,96499,96500,96502,96504,96506],{},[29,96501,55983],{},[29,96503,55986],{},[29,96505,95910],{},[29,96507,40110],{},[14,96509,274],{},[47,96511,96513],{"className":49,"code":96512,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[18,96514,96515,96525,96529,96543,96561,96579,96593,96597],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96516,96517,96519,96521,96523],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96518,7261],{"class":284},[56,96520,288],{"class":75},[56,96522,15132],{"class":989},[56,96524,8129],{"class":66},[56,96526,96527],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,96528,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,96530,96531,96533,96535,96537,96539,96541],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,96532,7292],{"class":284},[56,96534,497],{"class":66},[56,96536,81630],{"class":237},[56,96538,67],{"class":66},[56,96540,406],{"class":79},[56,96542,241],{"class":66},[56,96544,96545,96547,96549,96551,96553,96555,96557,96559],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,96546,7292],{"class":284},[56,96548,497],{"class":66},[56,96550,81630],{"class":237},[56,96552,67],{"class":66},[56,96554,938],{"class":937},[56,96556,3309],{"class":941},[56,96558,938],{"class":937},[56,96560,241],{"class":66},[56,96562,96563,96565,96567,96569,96571,96573,96575,96577],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,96564,7292],{"class":284},[56,96566,497],{"class":66},[56,96568,81630],{"class":237},[56,96570,4986],{"class":66},[56,96572,1077],{"class":79},[56,96574,1080],{"class":66},[56,96576,1083],{"class":79},[56,96578,83],{"class":66},[56,96580,96581,96583,96585,96587,96589,96591],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,96582,7292],{"class":284},[56,96584,497],{"class":66},[56,96586,81630],{"class":237},[56,96588,67],{"class":66},[56,96590,3060],{"class":3316},[56,96592,241],{"class":66},[56,96594,96595],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,96596,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,96598,96599,96601,96603,96605],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,96600,63],{"class":62},[56,96602,67],{"class":66},[56,96604,7292],{"class":237},[56,96606,241],{"class":66},[14,96608,96609],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[26,96611,96612,96615,96618],{},[29,96613,96614],{},"Lists",[29,96616,96617],{},"Dictionaries",[29,96619,96620],{},"Sets",[14,96622,96623],{},"Example that causes an error:",[47,96625,96627],{"className":49,"code":96626,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[18,96628,96629,96649],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96630,96631,96633,96635,96637,96639,96641,96643,96645,96647],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96632,7261],{"class":284},[56,96634,288],{"class":75},[56,96636,9980],{"class":66},[56,96638,1077],{"class":79},[56,96640,1080],{"class":66},[56,96642,1083],{"class":79},[56,96644,1080],{"class":66},[56,96646,529],{"class":79},[56,96648,8797],{"class":66},[56,96650,96651,96653,96655,96657,96659,96661,96663,96665],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,96652,7292],{"class":284},[56,96654,497],{"class":66},[56,96656,81630],{"class":237},[56,96658,1074],{"class":66},[56,96660,584],{"class":79},[56,96662,1080],{"class":66},[56,96664,4075],{"class":79},[56,96666,3354],{"class":66},[14,96668,96669],{},[3205,96670,29187],{},[47,96672,96674],{"className":49,"code":96673,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[18,96675,96676],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96677,96678,96680,96682,96685,96687,96689,96691,96693],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96679,1096],{"class":989},[56,96681,971],{"class":66},[56,96683,96684],{"class":284}," unhashable ",[56,96686,1314],{"class":989},[56,96688,971],{"class":66},[56,96690,1389],{"class":937},[56,96692,7577],{"class":941},[56,96694,29206],{"class":937},[14,96696,96697],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[14,96699,96700,96701,497],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[18,96702,96703],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[42,96705,912],{"id":911},[14,96707,14231,96708,971],{},[18,96709,95735],{},[26,96711,96712,96717,96722,96725,96732],{},[29,96713,7902,96714,96716],{},[18,96715,95730],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[29,96718,7938,96719,96721],{},[18,96720,95730],{}," to return the updated set",[29,96723,96724],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[29,96726,36717,96727,96729,96730],{},[18,96728,95735],{}," with list ",[18,96731,52173],{},[29,96733,96734],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[14,96736,71030],{},[47,96738,96740],{"className":49,"code":96739,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[18,96741,96742,96752,96766,96776,96790],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96743,96744,96746,96748,96750],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96745,63],{"class":62},[56,96747,67],{"class":66},[56,96749,15165],{"class":237},[56,96751,241],{"class":66},[56,96753,96754,96756,96758,96760,96762,96764],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,96755,63],{"class":62},[56,96757,67],{"class":66},[56,96759,1314],{"class":989},[56,96761,67],{"class":66},[56,96763,15165],{"class":237},[56,96765,83],{"class":66},[56,96767,96768,96770,96772,96774],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,96769,63],{"class":62},[56,96771,67],{"class":66},[56,96773,551],{"class":237},[56,96775,241],{"class":66},[56,96777,96778,96780,96782,96784,96786,96788],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,96779,63],{"class":62},[56,96781,67],{"class":66},[56,96783,1314],{"class":989},[56,96785,67],{"class":66},[56,96787,551],{"class":237},[56,96789,83],{"class":66},[56,96791,96792,96794,96796,96798,96800,96802],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,96793,31660],{"class":62},[56,96795,67],{"class":66},[56,96797,5764],{"class":989},[56,96799,497],{"class":66},[56,96801,81630],{"class":24254},[56,96803,241],{"class":66},[14,96805,96806,96807,96809,96810,497],{},"Also remember that ",[18,96808,95735],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[372,96811,52570],{"href":96812},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[42,96814,1553],{"id":1552},[615,96816,12199,96818,96820],{"id":96817},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[18,96819,95735],{}," return a new set?",[14,96822,96823,96824,497],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[18,96825,3241],{},[615,96827,96829],{"id":96828},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[14,96831,96832],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[615,96834,96836],{"id":96835},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[14,96838,153,96839,10583,96842,497],{},[18,96840,96841],{},"set.update()",[18,96843,95730],{},[615,96845,96847],{"id":96846},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[14,96849,96850,96851,497],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[18,96852,1096],{},[42,96854,1601],{"id":1600},[26,96856,96857,96861,96866],{},[29,96858,96859],{},[372,96860,95855],{"href":95854},[29,96862,96863],{},[372,96864,96865],{"href":95858},"How to create a set in Python",[29,96867,96868],{},[372,96869,96341,96870,10231],{"href":96340},[18,96871,14452],{},[14,96873,96874,96875,96877],{},"Once you understand ",[18,96876,95730],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1633,96879,96880],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":96882},[96883,96884,96886,96887,96888,96889,96893,96897,96898,96899,96906],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":95827,"depth":86,"text":96885},"What set.add() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":10967,"depth":86,"text":10968},{"id":96070,"depth":86,"text":96071},{"id":96161,"depth":86,"text":96890,"children":96891},"add() vs update()",[96892],{"id":96321,"depth":102,"text":96322},{"id":16918,"depth":86,"text":16919,"children":96894},[96895,96896],{"id":96360,"depth":102,"text":96361},{"id":61292,"depth":102,"text":96417},{"id":96493,"depth":86,"text":96494},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":96900},[96901,96903,96904,96905],{"id":96817,"depth":102,"text":96902},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":96828,"depth":102,"text":96829},{"id":96835,"depth":102,"text":96836},{"id":96846,"depth":102,"text":96847},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95721,"description":96907},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":96914,"title":96915,"body":96916,"description":98085,"extension":1665,"meta":98086,"navigation":316,"path":98087,"seo":98088,"stem":98089,"__hash__":98090},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":96917,"toc":98052},[96918,96923,96929,96936,96981,96983,96994,96999,97004,97008,97022,97027,97029,97031,97046,97048,97062,97064,97066,97131,97133,97143,97145,97163,97169,97176,97181,97255,97257,97274,97280,97285,97356,97358,97385,97402,97405,97411,97413,97420,97424,97491,97493,97508,97511,97564,97566,97574,97586,97588,97592,97597,97599,97648,97650,97658,97660,97705,97707,97717,97723,97731,97744,97750,97752,97781,97783,97801,97805,97808,97839,97841,97859,97863,97938,97940,97956,97963,97965,97970,97975,97981,97984,97988,97996,98003,98011,98013,98049],[10,96919,95727,96921,10814],{"id":96920},"python-set-clear-method",[18,96922,10813],{},[14,96924,96925,96928],{},[18,96926,96927],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[14,96930,96931,96932,96935],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[3205,96933,96934],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[47,96937,96939],{"className":49,"code":96938,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,96940,96941,96961,96971],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96942,96943,96945,96947,96949,96951,96953,96955,96957,96959],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96944,3075],{"class":284},[56,96946,288],{"class":75},[56,96948,9980],{"class":66},[56,96950,1077],{"class":79},[56,96952,1080],{"class":66},[56,96954,1083],{"class":79},[56,96956,1080],{"class":66},[56,96958,529],{"class":79},[56,96960,8797],{"class":66},[56,96962,96963,96965,96967,96969],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,96964,3107],{"class":284},[56,96966,497],{"class":66},[56,96968,10875],{"class":237},[56,96970,8129],{"class":66},[56,96972,96973,96975,96977,96979],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,96974,63],{"class":62},[56,96976,67],{"class":66},[56,96978,3107],{"class":237},[56,96980,241],{"class":66},[14,96982,130],{},[47,96984,96986],{"className":49,"code":96985,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set()\n",[18,96987,96988],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,96989,96990,96992],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,96991,5764],{"class":989},[56,96993,8129],{"class":66},[14,96995,96996,96998],{},[18,96997,10813],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[42,97000,3138,97002,3141],{"id":97001},"what-setclear-does",[18,97003,96927],{},[14,97005,16,97006,10905],{},[18,97007,10813],{},[26,97009,97010,97013,97015,97019],{},[29,97011,97012],{},"Removes every item from a set",[29,97014,95842],{},[29,97016,10916,97017],{},[18,97018,3241],{},[29,97020,97021],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[14,97023,95851,97024,71129],{},[372,97025,95855],{"href":97026},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[42,97028,220],{"id":219},[14,97030,53968],{},[47,97032,97034],{"className":49,"code":97033,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set.clear()\n",[18,97035,97036],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97037,97038,97040,97042,97044],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97039,15165],{"class":284},[56,97041,497],{"class":66},[56,97043,10875],{"class":237},[56,97045,8129],{"class":66},[14,97047,12548],{},[26,97049,97050,97053,97056,97059],{},[29,97051,97052],{},"It takes no arguments",[29,97054,97055],{},"It empties the set",[29,97057,97058],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[29,97060,97061],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[42,97063,10968],{"id":10967},[14,97065,10971],{},[47,97067,97069],{"className":49,"code":97068,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,97070,97071,97103,97107,97117,97121],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97072,97073,97075,97077,97079,97081,97083,97085,97087,97089,97091,97093,97095,97097,97099,97101],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97074,12572],{"class":284},[56,97076,288],{"class":75},[56,97078,9980],{"class":66},[56,97080,938],{"class":937},[56,97082,12589],{"class":941},[56,97084,938],{"class":937},[56,97086,1080],{"class":66},[56,97088,1448],{"class":937},[56,97090,16956],{"class":941},[56,97092,938],{"class":937},[56,97094,1080],{"class":66},[56,97096,1448],{"class":937},[56,97098,12606],{"class":941},[56,97100,938],{"class":937},[56,97102,8797],{"class":66},[56,97104,97105],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,97106,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,97108,97109,97111,97113,97115],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,97110,17003],{"class":284},[56,97112,497],{"class":66},[56,97114,10875],{"class":237},[56,97116,8129],{"class":66},[56,97118,97119],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,97120,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,97122,97123,97125,97127,97129],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,97124,63],{"class":62},[56,97126,67],{"class":66},[56,97128,17003],{"class":237},[56,97130,241],{"class":66},[14,97132,130],{},[47,97134,97135],{"className":49,"code":96985,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,97136,97137],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97138,97139,97141],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97140,5764],{"class":989},[56,97142,8129],{"class":66},[14,97144,11177],{},[26,97146,97147,97152,97157],{},[29,97148,97149,97151],{},[18,97150,17003],{}," starts with three values",[29,97153,97154,11190],{},[18,97155,97156],{},"colors.clear()",[29,97158,97159,97160,97162],{},"Printing the set shows ",[18,97161,3260],{},", which means an empty set",[42,97164,97166,97168],{"id":97165},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[18,97167,10813],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[14,97170,97171,3862,97173,97175],{},[18,97172,10813],{},[18,97174,3260],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[615,97177,7902,97179],{"id":97178},"using-clear",[18,97180,10813],{},[47,97182,97184],{"className":49,"code":97183,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[18,97185,97186,97206,97216,97220,97230,97234,97244],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97187,97188,97190,97192,97194,97196,97198,97200,97202,97204],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97189,7261],{"class":284},[56,97191,288],{"class":75},[56,97193,9980],{"class":66},[56,97195,1077],{"class":79},[56,97197,1080],{"class":66},[56,97199,1083],{"class":79},[56,97201,1080],{"class":66},[56,97203,529],{"class":79},[56,97205,8797],{"class":66},[56,97207,97208,97211,97213],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,97209,97210],{"class":284},"other_name ",[56,97212,288],{"class":75},[56,97214,97215],{"class":284}," items\n",[56,97217,97218],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,97219,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,97221,97222,97224,97226,97228],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,97223,7292],{"class":284},[56,97225,497],{"class":66},[56,97227,10875],{"class":237},[56,97229,8129],{"class":66},[56,97231,97232],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,97233,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,97235,97236,97238,97240,97242],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,97237,63],{"class":62},[56,97239,67],{"class":66},[56,97241,7292],{"class":237},[56,97243,241],{"class":66},[56,97245,97246,97248,97250,97253],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,97247,63],{"class":62},[56,97249,67],{"class":66},[56,97251,97252],{"class":237},"other_name",[56,97254,241],{"class":66},[14,97256,130],{},[47,97258,97260],{"className":49,"code":97259,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set()\nset()\n",[18,97261,97262,97268],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97263,97264,97266],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97265,5764],{"class":989},[56,97267,8129],{"class":66},[56,97269,97270,97272],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,97271,5764],{"class":989},[56,97273,8129],{"class":66},[14,97275,97276,97277,497],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[3205,97278,97279],{},"same set object",[615,97281,7902,97283],{"id":97282},"using-set",[18,97284,3260],{},[47,97286,97288],{"className":49,"code":97287,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[18,97289,97290,97310,97318,97322,97332,97336,97346],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97291,97292,97294,97296,97298,97300,97302,97304,97306,97308],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97293,7261],{"class":284},[56,97295,288],{"class":75},[56,97297,9980],{"class":66},[56,97299,1077],{"class":79},[56,97301,1080],{"class":66},[56,97303,1083],{"class":79},[56,97305,1080],{"class":66},[56,97307,529],{"class":79},[56,97309,8797],{"class":66},[56,97311,97312,97314,97316],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,97313,97210],{"class":284},[56,97315,288],{"class":75},[56,97317,97215],{"class":284},[56,97319,97320],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,97321,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,97323,97324,97326,97328,97330],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,97325,7261],{"class":284},[56,97327,288],{"class":75},[56,97329,15132],{"class":989},[56,97331,8129],{"class":66},[56,97333,97334],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,97335,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,97337,97338,97340,97342,97344],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,97339,63],{"class":62},[56,97341,67],{"class":66},[56,97343,7292],{"class":237},[56,97345,241],{"class":66},[56,97347,97348,97350,97352,97354],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,97349,63],{"class":62},[56,97351,67],{"class":66},[56,97353,97252],{"class":237},[56,97355,241],{"class":66},[14,97357,130],{},[47,97359,97361],{"className":49,"code":97360,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[18,97362,97363,97369],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97364,97365,97367],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97366,5764],{"class":989},[56,97368,8129],{"class":66},[56,97370,97371,97373,97375,97377,97379,97381,97383],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,97372,8766],{"class":66},[56,97374,1077],{"class":79},[56,97376,1080],{"class":66},[56,97378,1083],{"class":79},[56,97380,1080],{"class":66},[56,97382,529],{"class":79},[56,97384,8797],{"class":66},[14,97386,20273,97387,92619,97390,97393,97394,497,97396,97398,97399,97401],{},[18,97388,97389],{},"items = set()",[3205,97391,97392],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[18,97395,7292],{},[9335,97397],{},"\nBut ",[18,97400,97252],{}," still points to the original set.",[14,97403,97404],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[14,97406,97407,97408,497],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[372,97409,95859],{"href":97410},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[42,97412,16919],{"id":16918},[14,97414,97415,13551,97417,97419],{},[18,97416,10813],{},[3205,97418,4101],{}," return the emptied set.",[14,97421,4621,97422,497],{},[18,97423,3241],{},[47,97425,97427],{"className":49,"code":97426,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,97428,97429,97449,97453,97467,97471,97481],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97430,97431,97433,97435,97437,97439,97441,97443,97445,97447],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97432,3075],{"class":284},[56,97434,288],{"class":75},[56,97436,9980],{"class":66},[56,97438,1077],{"class":79},[56,97440,1080],{"class":66},[56,97442,1083],{"class":79},[56,97444,1080],{"class":66},[56,97446,529],{"class":79},[56,97448,8797],{"class":66},[56,97450,97451],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,97452,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,97454,97455,97457,97459,97461,97463,97465],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,97456,299],{"class":284},[56,97458,288],{"class":75},[56,97460,3731],{"class":284},[56,97462,497],{"class":66},[56,97464,10875],{"class":237},[56,97466,8129],{"class":66},[56,97468,97469],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,97470,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,97472,97473,97475,97477,97479],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,97474,63],{"class":62},[56,97476,67],{"class":66},[56,97478,338],{"class":237},[56,97480,241],{"class":66},[56,97482,97483,97485,97487,97489],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,97484,63],{"class":62},[56,97486,67],{"class":66},[56,97488,3107],{"class":237},[56,97490,241],{"class":66},[14,97492,130],{},[47,97494,97496],{"className":49,"code":97495,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"None\nset()\n",[18,97497,97498,97502],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97499,97500],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97501,11302],{"class":3316},[56,97503,97504,97506],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,97505,5764],{"class":989},[56,97507,8129],{"class":66},[14,97509,97510],{},"Do not do this:",[47,97512,97514],{"className":49,"code":97513,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,97515,97516,97536,97550,97554],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97517,97518,97520,97522,97524,97526,97528,97530,97532,97534],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97519,3075],{"class":284},[56,97521,288],{"class":75},[56,97523,9980],{"class":66},[56,97525,1077],{"class":79},[56,97527,1080],{"class":66},[56,97529,1083],{"class":79},[56,97531,1080],{"class":66},[56,97533,529],{"class":79},[56,97535,8797],{"class":66},[56,97537,97538,97540,97542,97544,97546,97548],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,97539,3075],{"class":284},[56,97541,288],{"class":75},[56,97543,3731],{"class":284},[56,97545,497],{"class":66},[56,97547,10875],{"class":237},[56,97549,8129],{"class":66},[56,97551,97552],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,97553,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,97555,97556,97558,97560,97562],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,97557,63],{"class":62},[56,97559,67],{"class":66},[56,97561,3107],{"class":237},[56,97563,241],{"class":66},[14,97565,130],{},[47,97567,97568],{"className":49,"code":11302,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,97569,97570],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97571,97572],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97573,11302],{"class":3316},[14,97575,21692,97576,473,97578,97580,97581,97583,97584,497],{},[18,97577,54081],{},[18,97579,3241],{},", and then you assign that ",[18,97582,3241],{}," back to ",[18,97585,3107],{},[42,97587,3988],{"id":3987},[14,97589,10238,97590,497],{},[18,97591,96927],{},[615,97593,12089,97595],{"id":97594},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[18,97596,10813],{},[14,97598,16143],{},[47,97600,97602],{"className":49,"code":97601,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,97603,97604,97624,97638],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97605,97606,97608,97610,97612,97614,97616,97618,97620,97622],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97607,15127],{"class":284},[56,97609,288],{"class":75},[56,97611,9980],{"class":66},[56,97613,1077],{"class":79},[56,97615,1080],{"class":66},[56,97617,1083],{"class":79},[56,97619,1080],{"class":66},[56,97621,529],{"class":79},[56,97623,8797],{"class":66},[56,97625,97626,97628,97630,97632,97634,97636],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,97627,15127],{"class":284},[56,97629,288],{"class":75},[56,97631,96451],{"class":284},[56,97633,497],{"class":66},[56,97635,10875],{"class":237},[56,97637,8129],{"class":66},[56,97639,97640,97642,97644,97646],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,97641,63],{"class":62},[56,97643,67],{"class":66},[56,97645,15165],{"class":237},[56,97647,241],{"class":66},[14,97649,130],{},[47,97651,97652],{"className":49,"code":11302,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,97653,97654],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97655,97656],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97657,11302],{"class":3316},[14,97659,16155],{},[47,97661,97663],{"className":49,"code":97662,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[18,97664,97665,97685,97695],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97666,97667,97669,97671,97673,97675,97677,97679,97681,97683],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97668,15127],{"class":284},[56,97670,288],{"class":75},[56,97672,9980],{"class":66},[56,97674,1077],{"class":79},[56,97676,1080],{"class":66},[56,97678,1083],{"class":79},[56,97680,1080],{"class":66},[56,97682,529],{"class":79},[56,97684,8797],{"class":66},[56,97686,97687,97689,97691,97693],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,97688,15165],{"class":284},[56,97690,497],{"class":66},[56,97692,10875],{"class":237},[56,97694,8129],{"class":66},[56,97696,97697,97699,97701,97703],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,97698,63],{"class":62},[56,97700,67],{"class":66},[56,97702,15165],{"class":237},[56,97704,241],{"class":66},[14,97706,130],{},[47,97708,97709],{"className":49,"code":96985,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,97710,97711],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97712,97713,97715],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97714,5764],{"class":989},[56,97716,8129],{"class":66},[615,97718,7938,97720,97722],{"id":97719},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[18,97721,10813],{}," to remove only one item",[14,97724,97725,97727,97728,97730],{},[18,97726,10813],{}," removes ",[3205,97729,3177],{}," items from the set.",[14,97732,97733,97734,964,97739,497],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[372,97735,97737],{"href":97736},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[18,97738,55050],{},[372,97740,97742],{"href":97741},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[18,97743,12258],{},[615,97745,7902,97747,97749],{"id":97746},"using-for-an-empty-set",[18,97748,3255],{}," for an empty set",[14,97751,25195],{},[47,97753,97755],{"className":49,"code":97754,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[18,97756,97757,97766],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97758,97759,97762,97764],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97760,97761],{"class":284},"empty_value ",[56,97763,288],{"class":75},[56,97765,9327],{"class":66},[56,97767,97768,97770,97772,97774,97776,97779],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,97769,63],{"class":62},[56,97771,67],{"class":66},[56,97773,1314],{"class":989},[56,97775,67],{"class":66},[56,97777,97778],{"class":237},"empty_value",[56,97780,83],{"class":66},[14,97782,130],{},[47,97784,97785],{"className":49,"code":8295,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,97786,97787],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97788,97789,97791,97793,97795,97797,97799],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97790,1383],{"class":75},[56,97792,1386],{"class":124},[56,97794,1389],{"class":937},[56,97796,8308],{"class":941},[56,97798,1394],{"class":937},[56,97800,1397],{"class":75},[14,97802,97803,8275],{},[18,97804,3255],{},[14,97806,97807],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[47,97809,97811],{"className":49,"code":97810,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[18,97812,97813,97824],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97814,97815,97818,97820,97822],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97816,97817],{"class":284},"empty_set ",[56,97819,288],{"class":75},[56,97821,15132],{"class":989},[56,97823,8129],{"class":66},[56,97825,97826,97828,97830,97832,97834,97837],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,97827,63],{"class":62},[56,97829,67],{"class":66},[56,97831,1314],{"class":989},[56,97833,67],{"class":66},[56,97835,97836],{"class":237},"empty_set",[56,97838,83],{"class":66},[14,97840,130],{},[47,97842,97843],{"className":49,"code":8339,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,97844,97845],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97846,97847,97849,97851,97853,97855,97857],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97848,1383],{"class":75},[56,97850,1386],{"class":124},[56,97852,1389],{"class":937},[56,97854,5764],{"class":941},[56,97856,1394],{"class":937},[56,97858,1397],{"class":75},[615,97860,97862],{"id":97861},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[47,97864,97866],{"className":49,"code":97865,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[18,97867,97868,97892,97900,97904,97914,97918,97928],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97869,97870,97872,97874,97876,97878,97880,97882,97884,97886,97888,97890],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97871,635],{"class":284},[56,97873,288],{"class":75},[56,97875,9980],{"class":66},[56,97877,938],{"class":937},[56,97879,238],{"class":941},[56,97881,938],{"class":937},[56,97883,1080],{"class":66},[56,97885,1448],{"class":937},[56,97887,11239],{"class":941},[56,97889,938],{"class":937},[56,97891,8797],{"class":66},[56,97893,97894,97896,97898],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,97895,663],{"class":284},[56,97897,288],{"class":75},[56,97899,35687],{"class":284},[56,97901,97902],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,97903,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,97905,97906,97908,97910,97912],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,97907,372],{"class":284},[56,97909,497],{"class":66},[56,97911,10875],{"class":237},[56,97913,8129],{"class":66},[56,97915,97916],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,97917,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,97919,97920,97922,97924,97926],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,97921,63],{"class":62},[56,97923,67],{"class":66},[56,97925,372],{"class":237},[56,97927,241],{"class":66},[56,97929,97930,97932,97934,97936],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,97931,63],{"class":62},[56,97933,67],{"class":66},[56,97935,4232],{"class":237},[56,97937,241],{"class":66},[14,97939,130],{},[47,97941,97942],{"className":49,"code":97259,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,97943,97944,97950],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,97945,97946,97948],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,97947,5764],{"class":989},[56,97949,8129],{"class":66},[56,97951,97952,97954],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,97953,5764],{"class":989},[56,97955,8129],{"class":66},[14,97957,28567,97958,3862,97960,97962],{},[18,97959,372],{},[18,97961,4232],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[42,97964,1553],{"id":1552},[615,97966,4615,97968,4618],{"id":97967},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[18,97969,96927],{},[14,97971,4621,97972,97974],{},[18,97973,3241],{},". It empties the set in place.",[615,97976,12199,97978,97980],{"id":97977},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[18,97979,10813],{}," delete the set variable?",[14,97982,97983],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[615,97985,97987],{"id":97986},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[14,97989,97990,97991,97993,97994,497],{},"You already have one after ",[18,97992,10813],{},". Printing it shows ",[18,97995,3260],{},[615,97997,4653,97999,3862,98001,571],{"id":97998},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[18,98000,10813],{},[18,98002,3260],{},[14,98004,98005,98007,98008,98010],{},[18,98006,10813],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[18,98009,3260],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[42,98012,1601],{"id":1600},[26,98014,98015,98019,98023,98030,98036,98042],{},[29,98016,98017],{},[372,98018,95855],{"href":97026},[29,98020,98021],{},[372,98022,96865],{"href":97410},[29,98024,98025],{},[372,98026,96341,98028,10231],{"href":98027},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[18,98029,95730],{},[29,98031,98032],{},[372,98033,96341,98034,10231],{"href":97736},[18,98035,55050],{},[29,98037,98038],{},[372,98039,96341,98040,10231],{"href":97741},[18,98041,12258],{},[29,98043,98044],{},[372,98045,96341,98047,10231],{"href":98046},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[18,98048,14452],{},[1633,98050,98051],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":98053},[98054,98056,98057,98058,98065,98066,98075,98084],{"id":97001,"depth":86,"text":98055},"What set.clear() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":10967,"depth":86,"text":10968},{"id":97165,"depth":86,"text":98059,"children":98060},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98061,98063],{"id":97178,"depth":102,"text":98062},"Using clear()",{"id":97282,"depth":102,"text":98064},"Using set()",{"id":16918,"depth":86,"text":16919},{"id":3987,"depth":86,"text":3988,"children":98067},[98068,98070,98072,98074],{"id":97594,"depth":102,"text":98069},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97719,"depth":102,"text":98071},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97746,"depth":102,"text":98073},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":97861,"depth":102,"text":97862},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":98076},[98077,98079,98081,98082],{"id":97967,"depth":102,"text":98078},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":97977,"depth":102,"text":98080},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":97986,"depth":102,"text":97987},{"id":97998,"depth":102,"text":98083},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":96915,"description":98085},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98092,"title":98093,"body":98094,"description":99926,"extension":1665,"meta":99927,"navigation":316,"path":95858,"seo":99928,"stem":99929,"__hash__":99930},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98095,"toc":99883},[98096,98099,98102,98105,98107,98210,98214,98261,98267,98269,98288,98292,98295,98297,98311,98320,98324,98327,98362,98366,98386,98389,98393,98396,98457,98461,98486,98493,98499,98504,98506,98518,98522,98571,98575,98599,98606,98610,98651,98655,98676,98680,98713,98717,98758,98761,98765,98770,98809,98813,98838,98843,98849,98886,98890,98913,98917,98919,98922,98925,99002,99006,99043,99046,99050,99056,99059,99069,99118,99124,99130,99157,99160,99182,99184,99215,99218,99222,99226,99265,99269,99332,99335,99368,99372,99397,99399,99402,99408,99411,99438,99441,99459,99463,99467,99470,99513,99516,99520,99523,99526,99556,99559,99563,99566,99581,99586,99590,99593,99682,99684,99687,99777,99780,99798,99800,99804,99814,99818,99826,99830,99833,99837,99840,99844,99847,99849,99877,99880],[10,98097,98093],{"id":98098},"python-set-creating-a-set",[14,98100,98101],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[14,98103,98104],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[42,98106,3065],{"id":3064},[47,98108,98110],{"className":49,"code":98109,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[18,98111,98112,98132,98166,98176,98180,98190,98200],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98113,98114,98116,98118,98120,98122,98124,98126,98128,98130],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98115,3075],{"class":284},[56,98117,288],{"class":75},[56,98119,9980],{"class":66},[56,98121,1077],{"class":79},[56,98123,1080],{"class":66},[56,98125,1083],{"class":79},[56,98127,1080],{"class":66},[56,98129,529],{"class":79},[56,98131,8797],{"class":66},[56,98133,98134,98136,98138,98140,98142,98144,98146,98148,98150,98152,98154,98156,98158,98160,98162,98164],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,98135,3537],{"class":284},[56,98137,288],{"class":75},[56,98139,15132],{"class":989},[56,98141,1074],{"class":66},[56,98143,938],{"class":937},[56,98145,3546],{"class":941},[56,98147,938],{"class":937},[56,98149,1080],{"class":66},[56,98151,1448],{"class":937},[56,98153,3555],{"class":941},[56,98155,938],{"class":937},[56,98157,1080],{"class":66},[56,98159,1448],{"class":937},[56,98161,3546],{"class":941},[56,98163,938],{"class":937},[56,98165,3354],{"class":66},[56,98167,98168,98170,98172,98174],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,98169,97817],{"class":284},[56,98171,288],{"class":75},[56,98173,15132],{"class":989},[56,98175,8129],{"class":66},[56,98177,98178],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,98179,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,98181,98182,98184,98186,98188],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,98183,63],{"class":62},[56,98185,67],{"class":66},[56,98187,3107],{"class":237},[56,98189,241],{"class":66},[56,98191,98192,98194,98196,98198],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,98193,63],{"class":62},[56,98195,67],{"class":66},[56,98197,3581],{"class":237},[56,98199,241],{"class":66},[56,98201,98202,98204,98206,98208],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,98203,63],{"class":62},[56,98205,67],{"class":66},[56,98207,97836],{"class":237},[56,98209,241],{"class":66},[14,98211,98212],{},[3205,98213,130],{},[47,98215,98217],{"className":49,"code":98216,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[18,98218,98219,98235,98255],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98220,98221,98223,98225,98227,98229,98231,98233],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98222,8766],{"class":66},[56,98224,1077],{"class":79},[56,98226,1080],{"class":66},[56,98228,1083],{"class":79},[56,98230,1080],{"class":66},[56,98232,529],{"class":79},[56,98234,8797],{"class":66},[56,98236,98237,98239,98241,98243,98245,98247,98249,98251,98253],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,98238,8766],{"class":66},[56,98240,1394],{"class":937},[56,98242,3555],{"class":941},[56,98244,1394],{"class":937},[56,98246,1080],{"class":66},[56,98248,1389],{"class":937},[56,98250,3546],{"class":941},[56,98252,1394],{"class":937},[56,98254,8797],{"class":66},[56,98256,98257,98259],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,98258,5764],{"class":989},[56,98260,8129],{"class":66},[14,98262,98263,98264,98266],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[18,98265,3260],{}," for an empty set.",[42,98268,14661],{"id":14660},[26,98270,98271,98274,98279,98282,98285],{},[29,98272,98273],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[29,98275,98276,98277],{},"How to create a set with ",[18,98278,3260],{},[29,98280,98281],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[29,98283,98284],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[29,98286,98287],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[42,98289,98291],{"id":98290},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[14,98293,98294],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[14,98296,30047],{},[26,98298,98299,98302,98305,98308],{},[29,98300,98301],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[29,98303,98304],{},"Sets are unordered",[29,98306,98307],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[29,98309,98310],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[14,98312,98313,98314,964,98316,497],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[372,98315,95855],{"href":97026},[372,98317,98319],{"href":98318},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[42,98321,98323],{"id":98322},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[14,98325,98326],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[47,98328,98330],{"className":49,"code":98329,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,98331,98332,98352],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98333,98334,98336,98338,98340,98342,98344,98346,98348,98350],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98335,3075],{"class":284},[56,98337,288],{"class":75},[56,98339,9980],{"class":66},[56,98341,1077],{"class":79},[56,98343,1080],{"class":66},[56,98345,1083],{"class":79},[56,98347,1080],{"class":66},[56,98349,529],{"class":79},[56,98351,8797],{"class":66},[56,98353,98354,98356,98358,98360],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,98355,63],{"class":62},[56,98357,67],{"class":66},[56,98359,3107],{"class":237},[56,98361,241],{"class":66},[14,98363,98364],{},[3205,98365,29536],{},[47,98367,98368],{"className":49,"code":96134,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,98369,98370],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98371,98372,98374,98376,98378,98380,98382,98384],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98373,8766],{"class":66},[56,98375,1077],{"class":79},[56,98377,1080],{"class":66},[56,98379,1083],{"class":79},[56,98381,1080],{"class":66},[56,98383,529],{"class":79},[56,98385,8797],{"class":66},[14,98387,98388],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[615,98390,98392],{"id":98391},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[14,98394,98395],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[47,98397,98399],{"className":49,"code":98398,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,98400,98401,98433,98443],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98402,98403,98405,98407,98409,98411,98413,98415,98417,98419,98421,98423,98425,98427,98429,98431],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98404,3075],{"class":284},[56,98406,288],{"class":75},[56,98408,9980],{"class":66},[56,98410,1077],{"class":79},[56,98412,1080],{"class":66},[56,98414,1083],{"class":79},[56,98416,1080],{"class":66},[56,98418,1083],{"class":79},[56,98420,1080],{"class":66},[56,98422,529],{"class":79},[56,98424,1080],{"class":66},[56,98426,529],{"class":79},[56,98428,1080],{"class":66},[56,98430,529],{"class":79},[56,98432,8797],{"class":66},[56,98434,98435,98437,98439,98441],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,98436,63],{"class":62},[56,98438,67],{"class":66},[56,98440,3107],{"class":237},[56,98442,241],{"class":66},[56,98444,98445,98447,98449,98451,98453,98455],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,98446,63],{"class":62},[56,98448,67],{"class":66},[56,98450,10653],{"class":62},[56,98452,67],{"class":66},[56,98454,3107],{"class":237},[56,98456,83],{"class":66},[14,98458,98459],{},[3205,98460,29536],{},[47,98462,98464],{"className":49,"code":98463,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[18,98465,98466,98482],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98467,98468,98470,98472,98474,98476,98478,98480],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98469,8766],{"class":66},[56,98471,1077],{"class":79},[56,98473,1080],{"class":66},[56,98475,1083],{"class":79},[56,98477,1080],{"class":66},[56,98479,529],{"class":79},[56,98481,8797],{"class":66},[56,98483,98484],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,98485,46135],{"class":79},[14,98487,20480,98488,3862,98490,98492],{},[18,98489,115],{},[18,98491,121],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[42,98494,98496,98497],{"id":98495},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[18,98498,3260],{},[14,98500,153,98501,98503],{},[18,98502,3260],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[14,98505,4932],{},[26,98507,98508,98510,98512,98514],{},[29,98509,96614],{},[29,98511,95910],{},[29,98513,55986],{},[29,98515,98516],{},[18,98517,35710],{},[615,98519,98521],{"id":98520},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[47,98523,98525],{"className":49,"code":98524,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,98526,98527,98561],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98528,98529,98531,98533,98535,98537,98539,98541,98543,98545,98547,98549,98551,98553,98555,98557,98559],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98530,3075],{"class":284},[56,98532,288],{"class":75},[56,98534,15132],{"class":989},[56,98536,1074],{"class":66},[56,98538,1077],{"class":79},[56,98540,1080],{"class":66},[56,98542,1083],{"class":79},[56,98544,1080],{"class":66},[56,98546,1083],{"class":79},[56,98548,1080],{"class":66},[56,98550,529],{"class":79},[56,98552,1080],{"class":66},[56,98554,529],{"class":79},[56,98556,1080],{"class":66},[56,98558,535],{"class":79},[56,98560,3354],{"class":66},[56,98562,98563,98565,98567,98569],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,98564,63],{"class":62},[56,98566,67],{"class":66},[56,98568,3107],{"class":237},[56,98570,241],{"class":66},[14,98572,98573],{},[3205,98574,29536],{},[47,98576,98577],{"className":49,"code":95797,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,98578,98579],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98580,98581,98583,98585,98587,98589,98591,98593,98595,98597],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98582,8766],{"class":66},[56,98584,1077],{"class":79},[56,98586,1080],{"class":66},[56,98588,1083],{"class":79},[56,98590,1080],{"class":66},[56,98592,529],{"class":79},[56,98594,1080],{"class":66},[56,98596,535],{"class":79},[56,98598,8797],{"class":66},[14,98600,98601,98602,497],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[372,98603,98605],{"href":98604},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[615,98607,98609],{"id":98608},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[47,98611,98613],{"className":49,"code":98612,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[18,98614,98615,98641],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98616,98617,98619,98621,98623,98625,98627,98629,98631,98633,98635,98637,98639],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98618,3286],{"class":284},[56,98620,288],{"class":75},[56,98622,15132],{"class":989},[56,98624,4986],{"class":66},[56,98626,406],{"class":79},[56,98628,1080],{"class":66},[56,98630,7272],{"class":79},[56,98632,1080],{"class":66},[56,98634,7272],{"class":79},[56,98636,1080],{"class":66},[56,98638,7277],{"class":79},[56,98640,83],{"class":66},[56,98642,98643,98645,98647,98649],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,98644,63],{"class":62},[56,98646,67],{"class":66},[56,98648,4833],{"class":237},[56,98650,241],{"class":66},[14,98652,98653],{},[3205,98654,29536],{},[47,98656,98658],{"className":49,"code":98657,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[18,98659,98660],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98661,98662,98664,98666,98668,98670,98672,98674],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98663,8766],{"class":66},[56,98665,406],{"class":79},[56,98667,1080],{"class":66},[56,98669,7272],{"class":79},[56,98671,1080],{"class":66},[56,98673,7277],{"class":79},[56,98675,8797],{"class":66},[615,98677,98679],{"id":98678},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[47,98681,98683],{"className":49,"code":98682,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,98684,98685,98703],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98686,98687,98689,98691,98693,98695,98697,98699,98701],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98688,35602],{"class":284},[56,98690,288],{"class":75},[56,98692,15132],{"class":989},[56,98694,67],{"class":66},[56,98696,938],{"class":937},[56,98698,3309],{"class":941},[56,98700,938],{"class":937},[56,98702,241],{"class":66},[56,98704,98705,98707,98709,98711],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,98706,63],{"class":62},[56,98708,67],{"class":66},[56,98710,35655],{"class":237},[56,98712,241],{"class":66},[14,98714,98715],{},[3205,98716,29536],{},[47,98718,98720],{"className":49,"code":98719,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[18,98721,98722],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98723,98724,98726,98728,98730,98732,98734,98736,98738,98740,98742,98744,98746,98748,98750,98752,98754,98756],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98725,8766],{"class":66},[56,98727,1394],{"class":937},[56,98729,59961],{"class":941},[56,98731,1394],{"class":937},[56,98733,1080],{"class":66},[56,98735,1389],{"class":937},[56,98737,59970],{"class":941},[56,98739,1394],{"class":937},[56,98741,1080],{"class":66},[56,98743,1389],{"class":937},[56,98745,59979],{"class":941},[56,98747,1394],{"class":937},[56,98749,1080],{"class":66},[56,98751,1389],{"class":937},[56,98753,59996],{"class":941},[56,98755,1394],{"class":937},[56,98757,8797],{"class":66},[14,98759,98760],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[42,98762,98764],{"id":98763},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[14,98766,98767,98768,497],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[18,98769,3260],{},[47,98771,98773],{"className":49,"code":98772,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[18,98774,98775,98785,98795],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98776,98777,98779,98781,98783],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98778,97817],{"class":284},[56,98780,288],{"class":75},[56,98782,15132],{"class":989},[56,98784,8129],{"class":66},[56,98786,98787,98789,98791,98793],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,98788,63],{"class":62},[56,98790,67],{"class":66},[56,98792,97836],{"class":237},[56,98794,241],{"class":66},[56,98796,98797,98799,98801,98803,98805,98807],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,98798,63],{"class":62},[56,98800,67],{"class":66},[56,98802,1314],{"class":989},[56,98804,67],{"class":66},[56,98806,97836],{"class":237},[56,98808,83],{"class":66},[14,98810,98811],{},[3205,98812,130],{},[47,98814,98816],{"className":49,"code":98815,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,98817,98818,98824],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98819,98820,98822],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98821,5764],{"class":989},[56,98823,8129],{"class":66},[56,98825,98826,98828,98830,98832,98834,98836],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,98827,1383],{"class":75},[56,98829,1386],{"class":124},[56,98831,1389],{"class":937},[56,98833,5764],{"class":941},[56,98835,1394],{"class":937},[56,98837,1397],{"class":75},[615,98839,43946,98841],{"id":98840},"do-not-use",[18,98842,3255],{},[14,98844,98845,98846,98848],{},"Empty braces do ",[3205,98847,4101],{}," create a set.",[47,98850,98852],{"className":49,"code":98851,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[18,98853,98854,98862,98872],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98855,98856,98858,98860],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98857,97761],{"class":284},[56,98859,288],{"class":75},[56,98861,9327],{"class":66},[56,98863,98864,98866,98868,98870],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,98865,63],{"class":62},[56,98867,67],{"class":66},[56,98869,97778],{"class":237},[56,98871,241],{"class":66},[56,98873,98874,98876,98878,98880,98882,98884],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,98875,63],{"class":62},[56,98877,67],{"class":66},[56,98879,1314],{"class":989},[56,98881,67],{"class":66},[56,98883,97778],{"class":237},[56,98885,83],{"class":66},[14,98887,98888],{},[3205,98889,130],{},[47,98891,98893],{"className":49,"code":98892,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,98894,98895,98899],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98896,98897],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98898,8923],{"class":66},[56,98900,98901,98903,98905,98907,98909,98911],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,98902,1383],{"class":75},[56,98904,1386],{"class":124},[56,98906,1389],{"class":937},[56,98908,8308],{"class":941},[56,98910,1394],{"class":937},[56,98912,1397],{"class":75},[14,98914,98915,8275],{},[18,98916,3255],{},[42,98918,71793],{"id":71792},[14,98920,98921],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[14,98923,98924],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[47,98926,98928],{"className":49,"code":98927,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,98929,98930,98978,98988],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,98931,98932,98934,98936,98938,98940,98942,98944,98946,98948,98950,98952,98954,98956,98958,98960,98962,98964,98966,98968,98970,98972,98974,98976],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,98933,3537],{"class":284},[56,98935,288],{"class":75},[56,98937,9980],{"class":66},[56,98939,938],{"class":937},[56,98941,3546],{"class":941},[56,98943,938],{"class":937},[56,98945,1080],{"class":66},[56,98947,1448],{"class":937},[56,98949,3555],{"class":941},[56,98951,938],{"class":937},[56,98953,1080],{"class":66},[56,98955,1448],{"class":937},[56,98957,3546],{"class":941},[56,98959,938],{"class":937},[56,98961,1080],{"class":66},[56,98963,1448],{"class":937},[56,98965,3546],{"class":941},[56,98967,938],{"class":937},[56,98969,1080],{"class":66},[56,98971,1448],{"class":937},[56,98973,32729],{"class":941},[56,98975,938],{"class":937},[56,98977,8797],{"class":66},[56,98979,98980,98982,98984,98986],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,98981,63],{"class":62},[56,98983,67],{"class":66},[56,98985,3581],{"class":237},[56,98987,241],{"class":66},[56,98989,98990,98992,98994,98996,98998,99000],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,98991,63],{"class":62},[56,98993,67],{"class":66},[56,98995,10653],{"class":62},[56,98997,67],{"class":66},[56,98999,3581],{"class":237},[56,99001,83],{"class":66},[14,99003,99004],{},[3205,99005,29536],{},[47,99007,99009],{"className":49,"code":99008,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[18,99010,99011,99039],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99012,99013,99015,99017,99019,99021,99023,99025,99027,99029,99031,99033,99035,99037],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99014,8766],{"class":66},[56,99016,1394],{"class":937},[56,99018,3555],{"class":941},[56,99020,1394],{"class":937},[56,99022,1080],{"class":66},[56,99024,1389],{"class":937},[56,99026,32729],{"class":941},[56,99028,1394],{"class":937},[56,99030,1080],{"class":66},[56,99032,1389],{"class":937},[56,99034,3546],{"class":941},[56,99036,1394],{"class":937},[56,99038,8797],{"class":66},[56,99040,99041],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,99042,46135],{"class":79},[14,99044,99045],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[42,99047,99049],{"id":99048},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[14,99051,99052,99053,99055],{},"Set items must be ",[3205,99054,95898],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[14,99057,99058],{},"These usually work:",[26,99060,99061,99063,99065,99067],{},[29,99062,55983],{},[29,99064,55986],{},[29,99066,95910],{},[29,99068,40110],{},[47,99070,99072],{"className":49,"code":99071,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[18,99073,99074,99108],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99075,99076,99078,99080,99082,99084,99086,99088,99090,99092,99094,99096,99098,99100,99102,99104,99106],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99077,3286],{"class":284},[56,99079,288],{"class":75},[56,99081,9980],{"class":66},[56,99083,1077],{"class":79},[56,99085,1080],{"class":66},[56,99087,1448],{"class":937},[56,99089,3546],{"class":941},[56,99091,938],{"class":937},[56,99093,1080],{"class":66},[56,99095,8724],{"class":66},[56,99097,406],{"class":79},[56,99099,1080],{"class":66},[56,99101,7272],{"class":79},[56,99103,8721],{"class":66},[56,99105,3382],{"class":3316},[56,99107,8797],{"class":66},[56,99109,99110,99112,99114,99116],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,99111,63],{"class":62},[56,99113,67],{"class":66},[56,99115,4833],{"class":237},[56,99117,241],{"class":66},[14,99119,99120,99121,99123],{},"These do ",[3205,99122,4101],{}," work directly:",[26,99125,99126,99128],{},[29,99127,96614],{},[29,99129,96617],{},[47,99131,99133],{"className":49,"code":99132,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[18,99134,99135],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99136,99137,99140,99142,99145,99147,99149,99151,99153,99155],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99138,99139],{"class":284},"bad_set ",[56,99141,288],{"class":75},[56,99143,99144],{"class":66}," {[",[56,99146,1077],{"class":79},[56,99148,1080],{"class":66},[56,99150,1083],{"class":79},[56,99152,1080],{"class":66},[56,99154,529],{"class":79},[56,99156,13203],{"class":66},[14,99158,99159],{},"This raises an error:",[47,99161,99162],{"className":49,"code":96673,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,99163,99164],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99165,99166,99168,99170,99172,99174,99176,99178,99180],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99167,1096],{"class":989},[56,99169,971],{"class":66},[56,99171,96684],{"class":284},[56,99173,1314],{"class":989},[56,99175,971],{"class":66},[56,99177,1389],{"class":937},[56,99179,7577],{"class":941},[56,99181,29206],{"class":937},[14,99183,51600],{},[47,99185,99187],{"className":49,"code":99186,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[18,99188,99189],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99190,99191,99193,99195,99198,99200,99202,99204,99206,99208,99210,99212],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99192,99139],{"class":284},[56,99194,288],{"class":75},[56,99196,99197],{"class":66}," {{",[56,99199,938],{"class":937},[56,99201,7149],{"class":941},[56,99203,938],{"class":937},[56,99205,971],{"class":66},[56,99207,1448],{"class":937},[56,99209,7158],{"class":941},[56,99211,938],{"class":937},[56,99213,99214],{"class":66},"}}\n",[14,99216,99217],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[42,99219,99221],{"id":99220},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[615,99223,99225],{"id":99224},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[47,99227,99229],{"className":49,"code":99228,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,99230,99231,99255],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99232,99233,99235,99237,99239,99241,99243,99245,99247,99249,99251,99253],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99234,3075],{"class":284},[56,99236,288],{"class":75},[56,99238,9980],{"class":66},[56,99240,1077],{"class":79},[56,99242,1080],{"class":66},[56,99244,1083],{"class":79},[56,99246,1080],{"class":66},[56,99248,529],{"class":79},[56,99250,1080],{"class":66},[56,99252,535],{"class":79},[56,99254,8797],{"class":66},[56,99256,99257,99259,99261,99263],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,99258,63],{"class":62},[56,99260,67],{"class":66},[56,99262,3107],{"class":237},[56,99264,241],{"class":66},[615,99266,99268],{"id":99267},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[47,99270,99272],{"className":49,"code":99271,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[18,99273,99274,99302,99317,99321],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99275,99276,99278,99280,99282,99284,99286,99288,99290,99292,99294,99296,99298,99300],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99277,7261],{"class":284},[56,99279,288],{"class":75},[56,99281,3080],{"class":66},[56,99283,1077],{"class":79},[56,99285,1080],{"class":66},[56,99287,4973],{"class":79},[56,99289,1080],{"class":66},[56,99291,1083],{"class":79},[56,99293,1080],{"class":66},[56,99295,529],{"class":79},[56,99297,1080],{"class":66},[56,99299,529],{"class":79},[56,99301,3093],{"class":66},[56,99303,99304,99307,99309,99311,99313,99315],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,99305,99306],{"class":284},"unique_items ",[56,99308,288],{"class":75},[56,99310,15132],{"class":989},[56,99312,67],{"class":66},[56,99314,7292],{"class":237},[56,99316,241],{"class":66},[56,99318,99319],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,99320,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,99322,99323,99325,99327,99330],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,99324,63],{"class":62},[56,99326,67],{"class":66},[56,99328,99329],{"class":237},"unique_items",[56,99331,241],{"class":66},[615,99333,98679],{"id":99334},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[47,99336,99338],{"className":49,"code":99337,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,99339,99340,99358],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99341,99342,99344,99346,99348,99350,99352,99354,99356],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99343,35602],{"class":284},[56,99345,288],{"class":75},[56,99347,15132],{"class":989},[56,99349,67],{"class":66},[56,99351,938],{"class":937},[56,99353,3555],{"class":941},[56,99355,938],{"class":937},[56,99357,241],{"class":66},[56,99359,99360,99362,99364,99366],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,99361,63],{"class":62},[56,99363,67],{"class":66},[56,99365,35655],{"class":237},[56,99367,241],{"class":66},[615,99369,99371],{"id":99370},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[47,99373,99375],{"className":49,"code":99374,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[18,99376,99377,99387],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99378,99379,99381,99383,99385],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99380,97817],{"class":284},[56,99382,288],{"class":75},[56,99384,15132],{"class":989},[56,99386,8129],{"class":66},[56,99388,99389,99391,99393,99395],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,99390,63],{"class":62},[56,99392,67],{"class":66},[56,99394,97836],{"class":237},[56,99396,241],{"class":66},[42,99398,912],{"id":911},[14,99400,99401],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[615,99403,7902,99405,99407],{"id":99404},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[18,99406,3255],{}," and expecting an empty set",[14,99409,99410],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[47,99412,99414],{"className":49,"code":99413,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,99415,99416,99424],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99417,99418,99420,99422],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99419,524],{"class":284},[56,99421,288],{"class":75},[56,99423,9327],{"class":66},[56,99425,99426,99428,99430,99432,99434,99436],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,99427,63],{"class":62},[56,99429,67],{"class":66},[56,99431,1314],{"class":989},[56,99433,67],{"class":66},[56,99435,551],{"class":237},[56,99437,83],{"class":66},[14,99439,99440],{},"This prints:",[47,99442,99443],{"className":49,"code":8295,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,99444,99445],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99446,99447,99449,99451,99453,99455,99457],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99448,1383],{"class":75},[56,99450,1386],{"class":124},[56,99452,1389],{"class":937},[56,99454,8308],{"class":941},[56,99456,1394],{"class":937},[56,99458,1397],{"class":75},[14,99460,153,99461,6110],{},[18,99462,3260],{},[615,99464,99466],{"id":99465},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[14,99468,99469],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[47,99471,99473],{"className":49,"code":99472,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,99474,99475,99503],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99476,99477,99479,99481,99483,99485,99487,99489,99491,99493,99495,99497,99499,99501],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99478,3075],{"class":284},[56,99480,288],{"class":75},[56,99482,9980],{"class":66},[56,99484,1077],{"class":79},[56,99486,1080],{"class":66},[56,99488,4973],{"class":79},[56,99490,1080],{"class":66},[56,99492,1083],{"class":79},[56,99494,1080],{"class":66},[56,99496,1083],{"class":79},[56,99498,1080],{"class":66},[56,99500,529],{"class":79},[56,99502,8797],{"class":66},[56,99504,99505,99507,99509,99511],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,99506,63],{"class":62},[56,99508,67],{"class":66},[56,99510,3107],{"class":237},[56,99512,241],{"class":66},[14,99514,99515],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[615,99517,99519],{"id":99518},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[14,99521,99522],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[14,99524,99525],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[47,99527,99529],{"className":49,"code":99528,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[18,99530,99531,99551],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99532,99533,99535,99537,99539,99541,99543,99545,99547,99549],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99534,3075],{"class":284},[56,99536,288],{"class":75},[56,99538,9980],{"class":66},[56,99540,406],{"class":79},[56,99542,1080],{"class":66},[56,99544,7272],{"class":79},[56,99546,1080],{"class":66},[56,99548,7277],{"class":79},[56,99550,8797],{"class":66},[56,99552,99553],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,99554,99555],{"class":3123},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[14,99557,99558],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[615,99560,99562],{"id":99561},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[14,99564,99565],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[47,99567,99569],{"className":49,"code":99568,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[18,99570,99571,99576],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99572,99573],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99574,99575],{"class":3123},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[56,99577,99578],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,99579,99580],{"class":3123},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[14,99582,99583,99584,497],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[18,99585,1096],{},[615,99587,99589],{"id":99588},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[14,99591,99592],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[47,99594,99596],{"className":49,"code":99595,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[18,99597,99598,99618,99650,99654,99668],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99599,99600,99602,99604,99606,99608,99610,99612,99614,99616],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99601,15127],{"class":284},[56,99603,288],{"class":75},[56,99605,9980],{"class":66},[56,99607,1077],{"class":79},[56,99609,1080],{"class":66},[56,99611,1083],{"class":79},[56,99613,1080],{"class":66},[56,99615,529],{"class":79},[56,99617,8797],{"class":66},[56,99619,99620,99622,99624,99626,99628,99630,99632,99634,99636,99638,99640,99642,99644,99646,99648],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,99621,11218],{"class":284},[56,99623,288],{"class":75},[56,99625,9980],{"class":66},[56,99627,938],{"class":937},[56,99629,372],{"class":941},[56,99631,938],{"class":937},[56,99633,971],{"class":66},[56,99635,4973],{"class":79},[56,99637,1080],{"class":66},[56,99639,1448],{"class":937},[56,99641,4232],{"class":941},[56,99643,938],{"class":937},[56,99645,971],{"class":66},[56,99647,1083],{"class":79},[56,99649,8797],{"class":66},[56,99651,99652],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,99653,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,99655,99656,99658,99660,99662,99664,99666],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,99657,63],{"class":62},[56,99659,67],{"class":66},[56,99661,1314],{"class":989},[56,99663,67],{"class":66},[56,99665,15165],{"class":237},[56,99667,83],{"class":66},[56,99669,99670,99672,99674,99676,99678,99680],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,99671,63],{"class":62},[56,99673,67],{"class":66},[56,99675,1314],{"class":989},[56,99677,67],{"class":66},[56,99679,10942],{"class":237},[56,99681,83],{"class":66},[42,99683,92310],{"id":92309},[14,99685,99686],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[47,99688,99690],{"className":49,"code":99689,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[18,99691,99692,99718,99722,99736,99746,99760,99767],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99693,99694,99696,99698,99700,99702,99704,99706,99708,99710,99712,99714,99716],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99695,15127],{"class":284},[56,99697,288],{"class":75},[56,99699,15132],{"class":989},[56,99701,1074],{"class":66},[56,99703,1077],{"class":79},[56,99705,1080],{"class":66},[56,99707,1083],{"class":79},[56,99709,1080],{"class":66},[56,99711,1083],{"class":79},[56,99713,1080],{"class":66},[56,99715,529],{"class":79},[56,99717,3354],{"class":66},[56,99719,99720],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,99721,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,99723,99724,99726,99728,99730,99732,99734],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,99725,63],{"class":62},[56,99727,67],{"class":66},[56,99729,1314],{"class":989},[56,99731,67],{"class":66},[56,99733,15165],{"class":237},[56,99735,83],{"class":66},[56,99737,99738,99740,99742,99744],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,99739,63],{"class":62},[56,99741,67],{"class":66},[56,99743,15165],{"class":237},[56,99745,241],{"class":66},[56,99747,99748,99750,99752,99754,99756,99758],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,99749,63],{"class":62},[56,99751,67],{"class":66},[56,99753,10653],{"class":62},[56,99755,67],{"class":66},[56,99757,15165],{"class":237},[56,99759,83],{"class":66},[56,99761,99762,99764],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,99763,63],{"class":62},[56,99765,99766],{"class":66},"({})\n",[56,99768,99769,99771,99773,99775],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,99770,63],{"class":62},[56,99772,67],{"class":66},[56,99774,5764],{"class":989},[56,99776,6674],{"class":66},[14,99778,99779],{},"Use these to confirm:",[26,99781,99782,99785,99788,99791],{},[29,99783,99784],{},"The object type",[29,99786,99787],{},"The actual values stored",[29,99789,99790],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[29,99792,99793,99794,3862,99796],{},"The difference between ",[18,99795,3255],{},[18,99797,3260],{},[42,99799,1553],{"id":1552},[615,99801,99803],{"id":99802},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[14,99805,99806,99807,99810,99811,99813],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[18,99808,99809],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[18,99812,3260],{}," with another iterable.",[615,99815,99817],{"id":99816},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[14,99819,153,99820,99822,99823,99825],{},[18,99821,3260],{},". Empty braces ",[18,99824,3255],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[615,99827,99829],{"id":99828},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[14,99831,99832],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[615,99834,99836],{"id":99835},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[14,99838,99839],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[615,99841,99843],{"id":99842},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[14,99845,99846],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[42,99848,1601],{"id":1600},[26,99850,99851,99855,99861,99867,99872],{},[29,99852,99853],{},[372,99854,95855],{"href":97026},[29,99856,99857],{},[372,99858,3031,99859,10231],{"href":98027},[18,99860,95735],{},[29,99862,99863],{},[372,99864,3031,99865,10231],{"href":98046},[18,99866,96841],{},[29,99868,99869],{},[372,99870,99871],{"href":98604},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[29,99873,99874],{},[372,99875,99876],{"href":98318},"What is a set in Python?",[14,99878,99879],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1633,99881,99882],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":99884},[99885,99886,99887,99888,99891,99897,99901,99902,99903,99909,99917,99918,99925],{"id":3064,"depth":86,"text":3065},{"id":14660,"depth":86,"text":14661},{"id":98290,"depth":86,"text":98291},{"id":98322,"depth":86,"text":98323,"children":99889},[99890],{"id":98391,"depth":102,"text":98392},{"id":98495,"depth":86,"text":99892,"children":99893},"Create a set with set()",[99894,99895,99896],{"id":98520,"depth":102,"text":98521},{"id":98608,"depth":102,"text":98609},{"id":98678,"depth":102,"text":98679},{"id":98763,"depth":86,"text":98764,"children":99898},[99899],{"id":98840,"depth":102,"text":99900},"Do not use {}",{"id":71792,"depth":86,"text":71793},{"id":99048,"depth":86,"text":99049},{"id":99220,"depth":86,"text":99221,"children":99904},[99905,99906,99907,99908],{"id":99224,"depth":102,"text":99225},{"id":99267,"depth":102,"text":99268},{"id":99334,"depth":102,"text":98679},{"id":99370,"depth":102,"text":99371},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912,"children":99910},[99911,99913,99914,99915,99916],{"id":99404,"depth":102,"text":99912},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99465,"depth":102,"text":99466},{"id":99518,"depth":102,"text":99519},{"id":99561,"depth":102,"text":99562},{"id":99588,"depth":102,"text":99589},{"id":92309,"depth":86,"text":92310},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":99919},[99920,99921,99922,99923,99924],{"id":99802,"depth":102,"text":99803},{"id":99816,"depth":102,"text":99817},{"id":99828,"depth":102,"text":99829},{"id":99835,"depth":102,"text":99836},{"id":99842,"depth":102,"text":99843},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98093,"description":99926},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":99932,"title":99933,"body":99934,"description":102365,"extension":1665,"meta":102366,"navigation":316,"path":102367,"seo":102368,"stem":102369,"__hash__":102370},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":99935,"toc":102330},[99936,99942,99948,99951,99953,100030,100032,100049,100059,100061,100066,100074,100076,100092,100096,100098,100100,100103,100124,100127,100151,100157,100159,100256,100258,100275,100285,100287,100289,100297,100299,100310,100312,100403,100405,100429,100440,100442,100444,100447,100577,100579,100652,100654,100675,100678,100680,100686,100691,100694,100821,100823,100840,100843,100845,100853,100856,100860,100868,100959,100961,100998,101003,101010,101087,101089,101105,101110,101115,101117,101126,101134,101215,101217,101246,101249,101253,101264,101267,101350,101352,101373,101379,101381,101383,101387,101391,101398,101463,101465,101485,101488,101557,101559,101575,101579,101585,101597,101605,101607,101692,101694,101723,101726,101730,101735,101737,101787,101790,101871,101873,101889,101893,101896,101971,101974,101978,101981,102058,102060,102093,102099,102103,102106,102241,102243,102257,102259,102261,102267,102270,102277,102285,102291,102294,102298,102301,102303,102305,102327],[10,99937,95727,99939,10814],{"id":99938},"python-set-difference-method",[18,99940,99941],{},"difference()",[14,99943,99944,99947],{},[18,99945,99946],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[14,99949,99950],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[42,99952,3065],{"id":3064},[47,99954,99956],{"className":49,"code":99955,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,99957,99958,99982,100002,100020],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,99959,99960,99962,99964,99966,99968,99970,99972,99974,99976,99978,99980],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,99961,635],{"class":284},[56,99963,288],{"class":75},[56,99965,9980],{"class":66},[56,99967,1077],{"class":79},[56,99969,1080],{"class":66},[56,99971,1083],{"class":79},[56,99973,1080],{"class":66},[56,99975,529],{"class":79},[56,99977,1080],{"class":66},[56,99979,535],{"class":79},[56,99981,8797],{"class":66},[56,99983,99984,99986,99988,99990,99992,99994,99996,99998,100000],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,99985,663],{"class":284},[56,99987,288],{"class":75},[56,99989,9980],{"class":66},[56,99991,121],{"class":79},[56,99993,1080],{"class":66},[56,99995,535],{"class":79},[56,99997,1080],{"class":66},[56,99999,4075],{"class":79},[56,100001,8797],{"class":66},[56,100003,100004,100006,100008,100010,100012,100014,100016,100018],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,100005,299],{"class":284},[56,100007,288],{"class":75},[56,100009,56409],{"class":284},[56,100011,497],{"class":66},[56,100013,893],{"class":237},[56,100015,67],{"class":66},[56,100017,4232],{"class":237},[56,100019,241],{"class":66},[56,100021,100022,100024,100026,100028],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,100023,63],{"class":62},[56,100025,67],{"class":66},[56,100027,338],{"class":237},[56,100029,241],{"class":66},[14,100031,130],{},[47,100033,100035],{"className":49,"code":100034,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2}\n",[18,100036,100037],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100038,100039,100041,100043,100045,100047],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100040,8766],{"class":66},[56,100042,1077],{"class":79},[56,100044,1080],{"class":66},[56,100046,1083],{"class":79},[56,100048,8797],{"class":66},[14,100050,100051,100053,100054,100056,100057,497],{},[18,100052,99941],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[18,100055,372],{}," that are not in ",[18,100058,4232],{},[44434,100060],{},[42,100062,3138,100064,3141],{"id":100063},"what-difference-does",[18,100065,99941],{},[14,100067,16,100068,100070,100071,100073],{},[18,100069,99941],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[3205,100072,4101],{}," appear in the other set.",[14,100075,12548],{},[26,100077,100078,100083,100086,100089],{},[29,100079,100080,100082],{},[18,100081,99941],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[29,100084,100085],{},"It creates a new set",[29,100087,100088],{},"It does not change the original set",[29,100090,100091],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[14,100093,95851,100094,497],{},[372,100095,95855],{"href":97026},[44434,100097],{},[42,100099,220],{"id":219},[14,100101,100102],{},"Use this form:",[47,100104,100106],{"className":49,"code":100105,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[18,100107,100108],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100109,100110,100113,100115,100117,100119,100122],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100111,100112],{"class":284},"set1",[56,100114,497],{"class":66},[56,100116,893],{"class":237},[56,100118,67],{"class":66},[56,100120,100121],{"class":237},"set2",[56,100123,241],{"class":66},[14,100125,100126],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[47,100128,100130],{"className":49,"code":100129,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[18,100131,100132],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100133,100134,100136,100138,100140,100142,100144,100146,100149],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100135,100112],{"class":284},[56,100137,497],{"class":66},[56,100139,893],{"class":237},[56,100141,67],{"class":66},[56,100143,100121],{"class":237},[56,100145,1080],{"class":66},[56,100147,100148],{"class":237}," set3",[56,100150,241],{"class":66},[14,100152,100153,100154,100156],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[3205,100155,4828],{}," of the other sets.",[14,100158,274],{},[47,100160,100162],{"className":49,"code":100161,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,100163,100164,100192,100208,100220,100224,100246],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100165,100166,100168,100170,100172,100174,100176,100178,100180,100182,100184,100186,100188,100190],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100167,635],{"class":284},[56,100169,288],{"class":75},[56,100171,9980],{"class":66},[56,100173,1077],{"class":79},[56,100175,1080],{"class":66},[56,100177,1083],{"class":79},[56,100179,1080],{"class":66},[56,100181,529],{"class":79},[56,100183,1080],{"class":66},[56,100185,535],{"class":79},[56,100187,1080],{"class":66},[56,100189,4075],{"class":79},[56,100191,8797],{"class":66},[56,100193,100194,100196,100198,100200,100202,100204,100206],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,100195,663],{"class":284},[56,100197,288],{"class":75},[56,100199,9980],{"class":66},[56,100201,115],{"class":79},[56,100203,1080],{"class":66},[56,100205,529],{"class":79},[56,100207,8797],{"class":66},[56,100209,100210,100212,100214,100216,100218],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,100211,82710],{"class":284},[56,100213,288],{"class":75},[56,100215,9980],{"class":66},[56,100217,198],{"class":79},[56,100219,8797],{"class":66},[56,100221,100222],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,100223,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,100225,100226,100228,100230,100232,100234,100236,100238,100240,100242,100244],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,100227,299],{"class":284},[56,100229,288],{"class":75},[56,100231,56409],{"class":284},[56,100233,497],{"class":66},[56,100235,893],{"class":237},[56,100237,67],{"class":66},[56,100239,4232],{"class":237},[56,100241,1080],{"class":66},[56,100243,9170],{"class":237},[56,100245,241],{"class":66},[56,100247,100248,100250,100252,100254],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,100249,63],{"class":62},[56,100251,67],{"class":66},[56,100253,338],{"class":237},[56,100255,241],{"class":66},[14,100257,130],{},[47,100259,100261],{"className":49,"code":100260,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 4}\n",[18,100262,100263],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100264,100265,100267,100269,100271,100273],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100266,8766],{"class":66},[56,100268,1077],{"class":79},[56,100270,1080],{"class":66},[56,100272,535],{"class":79},[56,100274,8797],{"class":66},[14,100276,100277,100278,100280,100281,964,100283,497],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[18,100279,372],{}," and removes anything found in ",[18,100282,4232],{},[18,100284,9228],{},[44434,100286],{},[42,100288,16919],{"id":16918},[14,100290,100291,100293,100294,497],{},[18,100292,99941],{}," always returns a ",[3205,100295,100296],{},"new set",[14,100298,43167],{},[26,100300,100301,100304,100307],{},[29,100302,100303],{},"The return value is a new set",[29,100305,100306],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[29,100308,100309],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[14,100311,274],{},[47,100313,100315],{"className":49,"code":100314,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,100316,100317,100333,100353,100357,100375,100379,100389],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100318,100319,100321,100323,100325,100327,100329,100331],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100320,635],{"class":284},[56,100322,288],{"class":75},[56,100324,9980],{"class":66},[56,100326,1077],{"class":79},[56,100328,1080],{"class":66},[56,100330,1083],{"class":79},[56,100332,8797],{"class":66},[56,100334,100335,100337,100339,100341,100343,100345,100347,100349,100351],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,100336,663],{"class":284},[56,100338,288],{"class":75},[56,100340,9980],{"class":66},[56,100342,1077],{"class":79},[56,100344,1080],{"class":66},[56,100346,1083],{"class":79},[56,100348,1080],{"class":66},[56,100350,529],{"class":79},[56,100352,8797],{"class":66},[56,100354,100355],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,100356,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,100358,100359,100361,100363,100365,100367,100369,100371,100373],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,100360,299],{"class":284},[56,100362,288],{"class":75},[56,100364,56409],{"class":284},[56,100366,497],{"class":66},[56,100368,893],{"class":237},[56,100370,67],{"class":66},[56,100372,4232],{"class":237},[56,100374,241],{"class":66},[56,100376,100377],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,100378,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,100380,100381,100383,100385,100387],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,100382,63],{"class":62},[56,100384,67],{"class":66},[56,100386,338],{"class":237},[56,100388,241],{"class":66},[56,100390,100391,100393,100395,100397,100399,100401],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,100392,63],{"class":62},[56,100394,67],{"class":66},[56,100396,1314],{"class":989},[56,100398,67],{"class":66},[56,100400,338],{"class":237},[56,100402,83],{"class":66},[14,100404,130],{},[47,100406,100407],{"className":49,"code":98815,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,100408,100409,100415],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100410,100411,100413],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100412,5764],{"class":989},[56,100414,8129],{"class":66},[56,100416,100417,100419,100421,100423,100425,100427],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,100418,1383],{"class":75},[56,100420,1386],{"class":124},[56,100422,1389],{"class":937},[56,100424,5764],{"class":941},[56,100426,1394],{"class":937},[56,100428,1397],{"class":75},[14,100430,100431,100432,18465,100434,100436,100437,100439],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[18,100433,3260],{},[18,100435,3255],{},". In Python, ",[18,100438,3255],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44434,100441],{},[42,100443,10968],{"id":10967},[14,100445,100446],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[47,100448,100450],{"className":49,"code":100449,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[18,100451,100452,100485,100518,100522,100542,100546,100556,100567],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100453,100454,100457,100459,100461,100463,100465,100467,100469,100471,100473,100475,100477,100479,100481,100483],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100455,100456],{"class":284},"fruits_a ",[56,100458,288],{"class":75},[56,100460,9980],{"class":66},[56,100462,938],{"class":937},[56,100464,3546],{"class":941},[56,100466,938],{"class":937},[56,100468,1080],{"class":66},[56,100470,1448],{"class":937},[56,100472,3555],{"class":941},[56,100474,938],{"class":937},[56,100476,1080],{"class":66},[56,100478,1448],{"class":937},[56,100480,32729],{"class":941},[56,100482,938],{"class":937},[56,100484,8797],{"class":66},[56,100486,100487,100490,100492,100494,100496,100498,100500,100502,100504,100506,100508,100510,100512,100514,100516],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,100488,100489],{"class":284},"fruits_b ",[56,100491,288],{"class":75},[56,100493,9980],{"class":66},[56,100495,938],{"class":937},[56,100497,3555],{"class":941},[56,100499,938],{"class":937},[56,100501,1080],{"class":66},[56,100503,1448],{"class":937},[56,100505,32729],{"class":941},[56,100507,938],{"class":937},[56,100509,1080],{"class":66},[56,100511,1448],{"class":937},[56,100513,22036],{"class":941},[56,100515,938],{"class":937},[56,100517,8797],{"class":66},[56,100519,100520],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,100521,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,100523,100524,100526,100528,100531,100533,100535,100537,100540],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,100525,299],{"class":284},[56,100527,288],{"class":75},[56,100529,100530],{"class":284}," fruits_a",[56,100532,497],{"class":66},[56,100534,893],{"class":237},[56,100536,67],{"class":66},[56,100538,100539],{"class":237},"fruits_b",[56,100541,241],{"class":66},[56,100543,100544],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,100545,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,100547,100548,100550,100552,100554],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,100549,63],{"class":62},[56,100551,67],{"class":66},[56,100553,338],{"class":237},[56,100555,241],{"class":66},[56,100557,100558,100560,100562,100565],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,100559,63],{"class":62},[56,100561,67],{"class":66},[56,100563,100564],{"class":237},"fruits_a",[56,100566,241],{"class":66},[56,100568,100569,100571,100573,100575],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,100570,63],{"class":62},[56,100572,67],{"class":66},[56,100574,100539],{"class":237},[56,100576,241],{"class":66},[14,100578,29536],{},[47,100580,100582],{"className":49,"code":100581,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[18,100583,100584,100596,100624],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100585,100586,100588,100590,100592,100594],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100587,8766],{"class":66},[56,100589,1394],{"class":937},[56,100591,3546],{"class":941},[56,100593,1394],{"class":937},[56,100595,8797],{"class":66},[56,100597,100598,100600,100602,100604,100606,100608,100610,100612,100614,100616,100618,100620,100622],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,100599,8766],{"class":66},[56,100601,1394],{"class":937},[56,100603,3555],{"class":941},[56,100605,1394],{"class":937},[56,100607,1080],{"class":66},[56,100609,1389],{"class":937},[56,100611,32729],{"class":941},[56,100613,1394],{"class":937},[56,100615,1080],{"class":66},[56,100617,1389],{"class":937},[56,100619,3546],{"class":941},[56,100621,1394],{"class":937},[56,100623,8797],{"class":66},[56,100625,100626,100628,100630,100632,100634,100636,100638,100640,100642,100644,100646,100648,100650],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,100627,8766],{"class":66},[56,100629,1394],{"class":937},[56,100631,3555],{"class":941},[56,100633,1394],{"class":937},[56,100635,1080],{"class":66},[56,100637,1389],{"class":937},[56,100639,32729],{"class":941},[56,100641,1394],{"class":937},[56,100643,1080],{"class":66},[56,100645,1389],{"class":937},[56,100647,22036],{"class":941},[56,100649,1394],{"class":937},[56,100651,8797],{"class":66},[14,100653,11177],{},[26,100655,100656,100661,100666,100672],{},[29,100657,100658,100659],{},"Start with ",[18,100660,100564],{},[29,100662,100663,100664],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[18,100665,100539],{},[29,100667,100668,100669,100671],{},"Only ",[18,100670,57355],{}," remains",[29,100673,100674],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[14,100676,100677],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44434,100679],{},[42,100681,7902,100683,100685],{"id":100682},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[18,100684,99941],{}," with multiple sets",[14,100687,100688,100689,497],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[18,100690,99941],{},[14,100692,100693],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[47,100695,100697],{"className":49,"code":100696,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,100698,100699,100731,100748,100761,100778,100782,100811],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100700,100701,100703,100705,100707,100709,100711,100713,100715,100717,100719,100721,100723,100725,100727,100729],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100702,3075],{"class":284},[56,100704,288],{"class":75},[56,100706,9980],{"class":66},[56,100708,1077],{"class":79},[56,100710,1080],{"class":66},[56,100712,1083],{"class":79},[56,100714,1080],{"class":66},[56,100716,529],{"class":79},[56,100718,1080],{"class":66},[56,100720,535],{"class":79},[56,100722,1080],{"class":66},[56,100724,4075],{"class":79},[56,100726,1080],{"class":66},[56,100728,37157],{"class":79},[56,100730,8797],{"class":66},[56,100732,100733,100736,100738,100740,100742,100744,100746],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,100734,100735],{"class":284},"group_a ",[56,100737,288],{"class":75},[56,100739,9980],{"class":66},[56,100741,115],{"class":79},[56,100743,1080],{"class":66},[56,100745,535],{"class":79},[56,100747,8797],{"class":66},[56,100749,100750,100753,100755,100757,100759],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,100751,100752],{"class":284},"group_b ",[56,100754,288],{"class":75},[56,100756,9980],{"class":66},[56,100758,198],{"class":79},[56,100760,8797],{"class":66},[56,100762,100763,100766,100768,100770,100772,100774,100776],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,100764,100765],{"class":284},"group_c ",[56,100767,288],{"class":75},[56,100769,9980],{"class":66},[56,100771,80118],{"class":79},[56,100773,1080],{"class":66},[56,100775,5470],{"class":79},[56,100777,8797],{"class":66},[56,100779,100780],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,100781,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,100783,100784,100786,100788,100790,100792,100794,100796,100799,100801,100804,100806,100809],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,100785,299],{"class":284},[56,100787,288],{"class":75},[56,100789,3731],{"class":284},[56,100791,497],{"class":66},[56,100793,893],{"class":237},[56,100795,67],{"class":66},[56,100797,100798],{"class":237},"group_a",[56,100800,1080],{"class":66},[56,100802,100803],{"class":237}," group_b",[56,100805,1080],{"class":66},[56,100807,100808],{"class":237}," group_c",[56,100810,241],{"class":66},[56,100812,100813,100815,100817,100819],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,100814,63],{"class":62},[56,100816,67],{"class":66},[56,100818,338],{"class":237},[56,100820,241],{"class":66},[14,100822,130],{},[47,100824,100826],{"className":49,"code":100825,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 3}\n",[18,100827,100828],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100829,100830,100832,100834,100836,100838],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100831,8766],{"class":66},[56,100833,1077],{"class":79},[56,100835,1080],{"class":66},[56,100837,529],{"class":79},[56,100839,8797],{"class":66},[14,100841,100842],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44434,100844],{},[42,100846,100848,10075,100850],{"id":100847},"difference-vs-difference_update",[18,100849,99941],{},[18,100851,100852],{},"difference_update()",[14,100854,100855],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[615,100857,100858],{"id":893},[18,100859,99941],{},[26,100861,100862,100865],{},[29,100863,100864],{},"Returns a new set",[29,100866,100867],{},"Does not change the original set",[47,100869,100871],{"className":49,"code":100870,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[18,100872,100873,100897,100913,100917,100935,100939,100949],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100874,100875,100877,100879,100881,100883,100885,100887,100889,100891,100893,100895],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100876,635],{"class":284},[56,100878,288],{"class":75},[56,100880,9980],{"class":66},[56,100882,1077],{"class":79},[56,100884,1080],{"class":66},[56,100886,1083],{"class":79},[56,100888,1080],{"class":66},[56,100890,529],{"class":79},[56,100892,1080],{"class":66},[56,100894,535],{"class":79},[56,100896,8797],{"class":66},[56,100898,100899,100901,100903,100905,100907,100909,100911],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,100900,663],{"class":284},[56,100902,288],{"class":75},[56,100904,9980],{"class":66},[56,100906,121],{"class":79},[56,100908,1080],{"class":66},[56,100910,535],{"class":79},[56,100912,8797],{"class":66},[56,100914,100915],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,100916,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,100918,100919,100921,100923,100925,100927,100929,100931,100933],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,100920,299],{"class":284},[56,100922,288],{"class":75},[56,100924,56409],{"class":284},[56,100926,497],{"class":66},[56,100928,893],{"class":237},[56,100930,67],{"class":66},[56,100932,4232],{"class":237},[56,100934,241],{"class":66},[56,100936,100937],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,100938,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,100940,100941,100943,100945,100947],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,100942,63],{"class":62},[56,100944,67],{"class":66},[56,100946,338],{"class":237},[56,100948,241],{"class":66},[56,100950,100951,100953,100955,100957],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,100952,63],{"class":62},[56,100954,67],{"class":66},[56,100956,372],{"class":237},[56,100958,241],{"class":66},[14,100960,130],{},[47,100962,100964],{"className":49,"code":100963,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,100965,100966,100978],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,100967,100968,100970,100972,100974,100976],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,100969,8766],{"class":66},[56,100971,1077],{"class":79},[56,100973,1080],{"class":66},[56,100975,1083],{"class":79},[56,100977,8797],{"class":66},[56,100979,100980,100982,100984,100986,100988,100990,100992,100994,100996],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,100981,8766],{"class":66},[56,100983,1077],{"class":79},[56,100985,1080],{"class":66},[56,100987,1083],{"class":79},[56,100989,1080],{"class":66},[56,100991,529],{"class":79},[56,100993,1080],{"class":66},[56,100995,535],{"class":79},[56,100997,8797],{"class":66},[615,100999,101001],{"id":101000},"difference_update",[18,101002,100852],{},[26,101004,101005,101008],{},[29,101006,101007],{},"Changes the original set",[29,101009,95845],{},[47,101011,101013],{"className":49,"code":101012,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[18,101014,101015,101039,101055,101059,101073,101077],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101016,101017,101019,101021,101023,101025,101027,101029,101031,101033,101035,101037],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101018,635],{"class":284},[56,101020,288],{"class":75},[56,101022,9980],{"class":66},[56,101024,1077],{"class":79},[56,101026,1080],{"class":66},[56,101028,1083],{"class":79},[56,101030,1080],{"class":66},[56,101032,529],{"class":79},[56,101034,1080],{"class":66},[56,101036,535],{"class":79},[56,101038,8797],{"class":66},[56,101040,101041,101043,101045,101047,101049,101051,101053],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,101042,663],{"class":284},[56,101044,288],{"class":75},[56,101046,9980],{"class":66},[56,101048,121],{"class":79},[56,101050,1080],{"class":66},[56,101052,535],{"class":79},[56,101054,8797],{"class":66},[56,101056,101057],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,101058,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,101060,101061,101063,101065,101067,101069,101071],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,101062,372],{"class":284},[56,101064,497],{"class":66},[56,101066,101000],{"class":237},[56,101068,67],{"class":66},[56,101070,4232],{"class":237},[56,101072,241],{"class":66},[56,101074,101075],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,101076,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,101078,101079,101081,101083,101085],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,101080,63],{"class":62},[56,101082,67],{"class":66},[56,101084,372],{"class":237},[56,101086,241],{"class":66},[14,101088,130],{},[47,101090,101091],{"className":49,"code":100034,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,101092,101093],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101094,101095,101097,101099,101101,101103],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101096,8766],{"class":66},[56,101098,1077],{"class":79},[56,101100,1080],{"class":66},[56,101102,1083],{"class":79},[56,101104,8797],{"class":66},[14,101106,153,101107,101109],{},[18,101108,99941],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[14,101111,101112,101113,33109],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[18,101114,100852],{},[44434,101116],{},[42,101118,101120,101122,101123,101125],{"id":101119},"difference-vs-the-operator",[18,101121,99941],{}," vs the ",[18,101124,76],{}," operator",[14,101127,16,101128,101130,101131,101133],{},[18,101129,76],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[18,101132,99941],{}," for two sets.",[47,101135,101137],{"className":49,"code":101136,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[18,101138,101139,101163,101179,101183,101201],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101140,101141,101143,101145,101147,101149,101151,101153,101155,101157,101159,101161],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101142,635],{"class":284},[56,101144,288],{"class":75},[56,101146,9980],{"class":66},[56,101148,1077],{"class":79},[56,101150,1080],{"class":66},[56,101152,1083],{"class":79},[56,101154,1080],{"class":66},[56,101156,529],{"class":79},[56,101158,1080],{"class":66},[56,101160,535],{"class":79},[56,101162,8797],{"class":66},[56,101164,101165,101167,101169,101171,101173,101175,101177],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,101166,663],{"class":284},[56,101168,288],{"class":75},[56,101170,9980],{"class":66},[56,101172,121],{"class":79},[56,101174,1080],{"class":66},[56,101176,535],{"class":79},[56,101178,8797],{"class":66},[56,101180,101181],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,101182,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,101184,101185,101187,101189,101191,101193,101195,101197,101199],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,101186,63],{"class":62},[56,101188,67],{"class":66},[56,101190,372],{"class":237},[56,101192,497],{"class":66},[56,101194,893],{"class":237},[56,101196,67],{"class":66},[56,101198,4232],{"class":237},[56,101200,83],{"class":66},[56,101202,101203,101205,101207,101209,101211,101213],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,101204,63],{"class":62},[56,101206,67],{"class":66},[56,101208,635],{"class":237},[56,101210,76],{"class":75},[56,101212,640],{"class":237},[56,101214,241],{"class":66},[14,101216,130],{},[47,101218,101220],{"className":49,"code":101219,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[18,101221,101222,101234],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101223,101224,101226,101228,101230,101232],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101225,8766],{"class":66},[56,101227,1077],{"class":79},[56,101229,1080],{"class":66},[56,101231,1083],{"class":79},[56,101233,8797],{"class":66},[56,101235,101236,101238,101240,101242,101244],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,101237,8766],{"class":66},[56,101239,1077],{"class":79},[56,101241,1080],{"class":66},[56,101243,1083],{"class":79},[56,101245,8797],{"class":66},[14,101247,101248],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[14,101250,94115,101251,571],{},[18,101252,99941],{},[26,101254,101255,101258,101261],{},[29,101256,101257],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[29,101259,101260],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[29,101262,101263],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[14,101265,101266],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[47,101268,101270],{"className":49,"code":101269,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[18,101271,101272,101300,101312,101324,101328],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101273,101274,101276,101278,101280,101282,101284,101286,101288,101290,101292,101294,101296,101298],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101275,635],{"class":284},[56,101277,288],{"class":75},[56,101279,9980],{"class":66},[56,101281,1077],{"class":79},[56,101283,1080],{"class":66},[56,101285,1083],{"class":79},[56,101287,1080],{"class":66},[56,101289,529],{"class":79},[56,101291,1080],{"class":66},[56,101293,535],{"class":79},[56,101295,1080],{"class":66},[56,101297,4075],{"class":79},[56,101299,8797],{"class":66},[56,101301,101302,101304,101306,101308,101310],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,101303,663],{"class":284},[56,101305,288],{"class":75},[56,101307,9980],{"class":66},[56,101309,115],{"class":79},[56,101311,8797],{"class":66},[56,101313,101314,101316,101318,101320,101322],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,101315,82710],{"class":284},[56,101317,288],{"class":75},[56,101319,9980],{"class":66},[56,101321,584],{"class":79},[56,101323,8797],{"class":66},[56,101325,101326],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,101327,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,101329,101330,101332,101334,101336,101338,101340,101342,101344,101346,101348],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,101331,63],{"class":62},[56,101333,67],{"class":66},[56,101335,372],{"class":237},[56,101337,497],{"class":66},[56,101339,893],{"class":237},[56,101341,67],{"class":66},[56,101343,4232],{"class":237},[56,101345,1080],{"class":66},[56,101347,9170],{"class":237},[56,101349,83],{"class":66},[14,101351,130],{},[47,101353,101355],{"className":49,"code":101354,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[18,101356,101357],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101358,101359,101361,101363,101365,101367,101369,101371],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101360,8766],{"class":66},[56,101362,1077],{"class":79},[56,101364,1080],{"class":66},[56,101366,529],{"class":79},[56,101368,1080],{"class":66},[56,101370,4075],{"class":79},[56,101372,8797],{"class":66},[14,101374,101375,101376,101378],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[18,101377,76],{}," operator expression.",[44434,101380],{},[42,101382,3988],{"id":3987},[14,101384,20714,101385,497],{},[18,101386,99941],{},[615,101388,101390],{"id":101389},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[14,101392,4098,101393,101395,101396,971],{},[3205,101394,4101],{}," change ",[18,101397,372],{},[47,101399,101401],{"className":49,"code":101400,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,101402,101403,101423,101435,101439,101453],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101404,101405,101407,101409,101411,101413,101415,101417,101419,101421],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101406,635],{"class":284},[56,101408,288],{"class":75},[56,101410,9980],{"class":66},[56,101412,1077],{"class":79},[56,101414,1080],{"class":66},[56,101416,1083],{"class":79},[56,101418,1080],{"class":66},[56,101420,529],{"class":79},[56,101422,8797],{"class":66},[56,101424,101425,101427,101429,101431,101433],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,101426,663],{"class":284},[56,101428,288],{"class":75},[56,101430,9980],{"class":66},[56,101432,121],{"class":79},[56,101434,8797],{"class":66},[56,101436,101437],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,101438,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,101440,101441,101443,101445,101447,101449,101451],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,101442,372],{"class":284},[56,101444,497],{"class":66},[56,101446,893],{"class":237},[56,101448,67],{"class":66},[56,101450,4232],{"class":237},[56,101452,241],{"class":66},[56,101454,101455,101457,101459,101461],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,101456,63],{"class":62},[56,101458,67],{"class":66},[56,101460,372],{"class":237},[56,101462,241],{"class":66},[14,101464,130],{},[47,101466,101467],{"className":49,"code":96134,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,101468,101469],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101470,101471,101473,101475,101477,101479,101481,101483],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101472,8766],{"class":66},[56,101474,1077],{"class":79},[56,101476,1080],{"class":66},[56,101478,1083],{"class":79},[56,101480,1080],{"class":66},[56,101482,529],{"class":79},[56,101484,8797],{"class":66},[14,101486,101487],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[47,101489,101491],{"className":49,"code":101490,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,101492,101493,101513,101525,101529,101547],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101494,101495,101497,101499,101501,101503,101505,101507,101509,101511],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101496,635],{"class":284},[56,101498,288],{"class":75},[56,101500,9980],{"class":66},[56,101502,1077],{"class":79},[56,101504,1080],{"class":66},[56,101506,1083],{"class":79},[56,101508,1080],{"class":66},[56,101510,529],{"class":79},[56,101512,8797],{"class":66},[56,101514,101515,101517,101519,101521,101523],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,101516,663],{"class":284},[56,101518,288],{"class":75},[56,101520,9980],{"class":66},[56,101522,121],{"class":79},[56,101524,8797],{"class":66},[56,101526,101527],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,101528,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,101530,101531,101533,101535,101537,101539,101541,101543,101545],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,101532,635],{"class":284},[56,101534,288],{"class":75},[56,101536,56409],{"class":284},[56,101538,497],{"class":66},[56,101540,893],{"class":237},[56,101542,67],{"class":66},[56,101544,4232],{"class":237},[56,101546,241],{"class":66},[56,101548,101549,101551,101553,101555],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,101550,63],{"class":62},[56,101552,67],{"class":66},[56,101554,372],{"class":237},[56,101556,241],{"class":66},[14,101558,130],{},[47,101560,101561],{"className":49,"code":100034,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,101562,101563],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101564,101565,101567,101569,101571,101573],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101566,8766],{"class":66},[56,101568,1077],{"class":79},[56,101570,1080],{"class":66},[56,101572,1083],{"class":79},[56,101574,8797],{"class":66},[615,101576,101578],{"id":101577},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[14,101580,101581,101584],{},[18,101582,101583],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[26,101586,101587,101592],{},[29,101588,101589,101590],{},"keep items from ",[18,101591,372],{},[29,101593,101594,101595],{},"remove anything also in ",[18,101596,4232],{},[14,101598,40421,101599,101601,101602,101604],{},[3205,101600,4101],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[18,101603,4232],{},"”.",[14,101606,274],{},[47,101608,101610],{"className":49,"code":101609,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[18,101611,101612,101632,101652,101656,101674],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101613,101614,101616,101618,101620,101622,101624,101626,101628,101630],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101615,635],{"class":284},[56,101617,288],{"class":75},[56,101619,9980],{"class":66},[56,101621,1077],{"class":79},[56,101623,1080],{"class":66},[56,101625,1083],{"class":79},[56,101627,1080],{"class":66},[56,101629,529],{"class":79},[56,101631,8797],{"class":66},[56,101633,101634,101636,101638,101640,101642,101644,101646,101648,101650],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,101635,663],{"class":284},[56,101637,288],{"class":75},[56,101639,9980],{"class":66},[56,101641,121],{"class":79},[56,101643,1080],{"class":66},[56,101645,535],{"class":79},[56,101647,1080],{"class":66},[56,101649,4075],{"class":79},[56,101651,8797],{"class":66},[56,101653,101654],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,101655,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,101657,101658,101660,101662,101664,101666,101668,101670,101672],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,101659,63],{"class":62},[56,101661,67],{"class":66},[56,101663,372],{"class":237},[56,101665,497],{"class":66},[56,101667,893],{"class":237},[56,101669,67],{"class":66},[56,101671,4232],{"class":237},[56,101673,83],{"class":66},[56,101675,101676,101678,101680,101682,101684,101686,101688,101690],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,101677,63],{"class":62},[56,101679,67],{"class":66},[56,101681,4232],{"class":237},[56,101683,497],{"class":66},[56,101685,893],{"class":237},[56,101687,67],{"class":66},[56,101689,372],{"class":237},[56,101691,83],{"class":66},[14,101693,130],{},[47,101695,101697],{"className":49,"code":101696,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[18,101698,101699,101711],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101700,101701,101703,101705,101707,101709],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101702,8766],{"class":66},[56,101704,1077],{"class":79},[56,101706,1080],{"class":66},[56,101708,1083],{"class":79},[56,101710,8797],{"class":66},[56,101712,101713,101715,101717,101719,101721],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,101714,8766],{"class":66},[56,101716,584],{"class":79},[56,101718,1080],{"class":66},[56,101720,4075],{"class":79},[56,101722,8797],{"class":66},[14,101724,101725],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[615,101727,101729],{"id":101728},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[14,101731,101732,101734],{},[18,101733,99941],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[14,101736,54840],{},[47,101738,101740],{"className":49,"code":101739,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[18,101741,101742,101762,101778,101782],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101743,101744,101746,101748,101750,101752,101754,101756,101758,101760],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101745,635],{"class":284},[56,101747,288],{"class":75},[56,101749,3080],{"class":66},[56,101751,1077],{"class":79},[56,101753,1080],{"class":66},[56,101755,1083],{"class":79},[56,101757,1080],{"class":66},[56,101759,529],{"class":79},[56,101761,3093],{"class":66},[56,101763,101764,101766,101768,101770,101772,101774,101776],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,101765,663],{"class":284},[56,101767,288],{"class":75},[56,101769,3080],{"class":66},[56,101771,121],{"class":79},[56,101773,1080],{"class":66},[56,101775,535],{"class":79},[56,101777,3093],{"class":66},[56,101779,101780],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,101781,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,101783,101784],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,101785,101786],{"class":3123},"# a.difference(b)\n",[14,101788,101789],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[47,101791,101793],{"className":49,"code":101792,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[18,101794,101795,101815,101831,101835,101861],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101796,101797,101799,101801,101803,101805,101807,101809,101811,101813],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101798,635],{"class":284},[56,101800,288],{"class":75},[56,101802,3080],{"class":66},[56,101804,1077],{"class":79},[56,101806,1080],{"class":66},[56,101808,1083],{"class":79},[56,101810,1080],{"class":66},[56,101812,529],{"class":79},[56,101814,3093],{"class":66},[56,101816,101817,101819,101821,101823,101825,101827,101829],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,101818,663],{"class":284},[56,101820,288],{"class":75},[56,101822,3080],{"class":66},[56,101824,121],{"class":79},[56,101826,1080],{"class":66},[56,101828,535],{"class":79},[56,101830,3093],{"class":66},[56,101832,101833],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,101834,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,101836,101837,101839,101841,101843,101845,101847,101849,101851,101853,101855,101857,101859],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,101838,299],{"class":284},[56,101840,288],{"class":75},[56,101842,15132],{"class":989},[56,101844,67],{"class":66},[56,101846,372],{"class":237},[56,101848,8117],{"class":66},[56,101850,893],{"class":237},[56,101852,67],{"class":66},[56,101854,5764],{"class":989},[56,101856,67],{"class":66},[56,101858,4232],{"class":237},[56,101860,83],{"class":66},[56,101862,101863,101865,101867,101869],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,101864,63],{"class":62},[56,101866,67],{"class":66},[56,101868,338],{"class":237},[56,101870,241],{"class":66},[14,101872,130],{},[47,101874,101875],{"className":49,"code":100034,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,101876,101877],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101878,101879,101881,101883,101885,101887],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101880,8766],{"class":66},[56,101882,1077],{"class":79},[56,101884,1080],{"class":66},[56,101886,1083],{"class":79},[56,101888,8797],{"class":66},[615,101890,101892],{"id":101891},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[14,101894,101895],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[47,101897,101899],{"className":49,"code":101898,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[18,101900,101901,101933,101949,101953],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101902,101903,101905,101907,101909,101911,101913,101915,101917,101919,101921,101923,101925,101927,101929,101931],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101904,635],{"class":284},[56,101906,288],{"class":75},[56,101908,9980],{"class":66},[56,101910,938],{"class":937},[56,101912,36560],{"class":941},[56,101914,938],{"class":937},[56,101916,1080],{"class":66},[56,101918,1448],{"class":937},[56,101920,57649],{"class":941},[56,101922,938],{"class":937},[56,101924,1080],{"class":66},[56,101926,1448],{"class":937},[56,101928,57666],{"class":941},[56,101930,938],{"class":937},[56,101932,8797],{"class":66},[56,101934,101935,101937,101939,101941,101943,101945,101947],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,101936,663],{"class":284},[56,101938,288],{"class":75},[56,101940,9980],{"class":66},[56,101942,938],{"class":937},[56,101944,57649],{"class":941},[56,101946,938],{"class":937},[56,101948,8797],{"class":66},[56,101950,101951],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,101952,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,101954,101955,101957,101959,101961,101963,101965,101967,101969],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,101956,63],{"class":62},[56,101958,67],{"class":66},[56,101960,372],{"class":237},[56,101962,497],{"class":66},[56,101964,893],{"class":237},[56,101966,67],{"class":66},[56,101968,4232],{"class":237},[56,101970,83],{"class":66},[14,101972,101973],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[615,101975,101977],{"id":101976},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[14,101979,101980],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[47,101982,101984],{"className":49,"code":101983,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[18,101985,101986,102014,102026,102030,102040],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,101987,101988,101990,101992,101994,101996,101998,102000,102002,102004,102006,102008,102010,102012],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,101989,635],{"class":284},[56,101991,288],{"class":75},[56,101993,9980],{"class":66},[56,101995,1077],{"class":79},[56,101997,1080],{"class":66},[56,101999,4973],{"class":79},[56,102001,1080],{"class":66},[56,102003,1083],{"class":79},[56,102005,1080],{"class":66},[56,102007,1083],{"class":79},[56,102009,1080],{"class":66},[56,102011,529],{"class":79},[56,102013,8797],{"class":66},[56,102015,102016,102018,102020,102022,102024],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,102017,663],{"class":284},[56,102019,288],{"class":75},[56,102021,9980],{"class":66},[56,102023,121],{"class":79},[56,102025,8797],{"class":66},[56,102027,102028],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,102029,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,102031,102032,102034,102036,102038],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,102033,63],{"class":62},[56,102035,67],{"class":66},[56,102037,372],{"class":237},[56,102039,241],{"class":66},[56,102041,102042,102044,102046,102048,102050,102052,102054,102056],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,102043,63],{"class":62},[56,102045,67],{"class":66},[56,102047,372],{"class":237},[56,102049,497],{"class":66},[56,102051,893],{"class":237},[56,102053,67],{"class":66},[56,102055,4232],{"class":237},[56,102057,83],{"class":66},[14,102059,130],{},[47,102061,102063],{"className":49,"code":102062,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[18,102064,102065,102081],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102066,102067,102069,102071,102073,102075,102077,102079],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102068,8766],{"class":66},[56,102070,1077],{"class":79},[56,102072,1080],{"class":66},[56,102074,1083],{"class":79},[56,102076,1080],{"class":66},[56,102078,529],{"class":79},[56,102080,8797],{"class":66},[56,102082,102083,102085,102087,102089,102091],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,102084,8766],{"class":66},[56,102086,1077],{"class":79},[56,102088,1080],{"class":66},[56,102090,1083],{"class":79},[56,102092,8797],{"class":66},[14,102094,102095,102096,102098],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[18,102097,99941],{}," runs.",[615,102100,102102],{"id":102101},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[14,102104,102105],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[47,102107,102109],{"className":49,"code":102108,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[18,102110,102111,102135,102155,102159,102169,102179,102197,102219],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102112,102113,102115,102117,102119,102121,102123,102125,102127,102129,102131,102133],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102114,635],{"class":284},[56,102116,288],{"class":75},[56,102118,9980],{"class":66},[56,102120,1077],{"class":79},[56,102122,1080],{"class":66},[56,102124,1083],{"class":79},[56,102126,1080],{"class":66},[56,102128,529],{"class":79},[56,102130,1080],{"class":66},[56,102132,535],{"class":79},[56,102134,8797],{"class":66},[56,102136,102137,102139,102141,102143,102145,102147,102149,102151,102153],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,102138,663],{"class":284},[56,102140,288],{"class":75},[56,102142,9980],{"class":66},[56,102144,121],{"class":79},[56,102146,1080],{"class":66},[56,102148,535],{"class":79},[56,102150,1080],{"class":66},[56,102152,4075],{"class":79},[56,102154,8797],{"class":66},[56,102156,102157],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,102158,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,102160,102161,102163,102165,102167],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,102162,63],{"class":62},[56,102164,67],{"class":66},[56,102166,372],{"class":237},[56,102168,241],{"class":66},[56,102170,102171,102173,102175,102177],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,102172,63],{"class":62},[56,102174,67],{"class":66},[56,102176,4232],{"class":237},[56,102178,241],{"class":66},[56,102180,102181,102183,102185,102187,102189,102191,102193,102195],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,102182,63],{"class":62},[56,102184,67],{"class":66},[56,102186,372],{"class":237},[56,102188,497],{"class":66},[56,102190,893],{"class":237},[56,102192,67],{"class":66},[56,102194,4232],{"class":237},[56,102196,83],{"class":66},[56,102198,102199,102201,102203,102205,102207,102209,102211,102213,102215,102217],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,102200,63],{"class":62},[56,102202,67],{"class":66},[56,102204,1314],{"class":989},[56,102206,67],{"class":66},[56,102208,372],{"class":237},[56,102210,497],{"class":66},[56,102212,893],{"class":237},[56,102214,67],{"class":66},[56,102216,4232],{"class":237},[56,102218,1000],{"class":66},[56,102220,102221,102223,102225,102227,102229,102231,102233,102235,102237,102239],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,102222,63],{"class":62},[56,102224,67],{"class":66},[56,102226,10653],{"class":62},[56,102228,67],{"class":66},[56,102230,372],{"class":237},[56,102232,497],{"class":66},[56,102234,893],{"class":237},[56,102236,67],{"class":66},[56,102238,4232],{"class":237},[56,102240,1000],{"class":66},[14,102242,10662],{},[26,102244,102245,102248,102251,102254],{},[29,102246,102247],{},"what is in each set",[29,102249,102250],{},"what result Python creates",[29,102252,102253],{},"that the result is a set",[29,102255,102256],{},"how many items remain",[44434,102258],{},[42,102260,1553],{"id":1552},[615,102262,12199,102264,102266],{"id":102263},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[18,102265,99941],{}," change the original set?",[14,102268,102269],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[615,102271,4653,102273,3862,102275,571],{"id":102272},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[18,102274,99941],{},[18,102276,100852],{},[14,102278,102279,102281,102282,102284],{},[18,102280,99941],{}," returns a new set. ",[18,102283,100852],{}," modifies the original set.",[615,102286,27834,102288,102290],{"id":102287},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[18,102289,99941],{}," with more than two sets?",[14,102292,102293],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[615,102295,102297],{"id":102296},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[14,102299,102300],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44434,102302],{},[42,102304,1601],{"id":1600},[26,102306,102307,102311,102319],{},[29,102308,102309],{},[372,102310,95855],{"href":97026},[29,102312,102313],{},[372,102314,96341,102316,10231],{"href":102315},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[18,102317,102318],{},"intersection()",[29,102320,102321],{},[372,102322,96341,102324,10231],{"href":102323},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[18,102325,102326],{},"union()",[1633,102328,102329],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":102331},[102332,102333,102335,102336,102337,102338,102340,102345,102347,102355,102364],{"id":3064,"depth":86,"text":3065},{"id":100063,"depth":86,"text":102334},"What difference() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":16918,"depth":86,"text":16919},{"id":10967,"depth":86,"text":10968},{"id":100682,"depth":86,"text":102339},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":100847,"depth":86,"text":102341,"children":102342},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102343,102344],{"id":893,"depth":102,"text":99941},{"id":101000,"depth":102,"text":100852},{"id":101119,"depth":86,"text":102346},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":3987,"depth":86,"text":3988,"children":102348},[102349,102350,102351,102352,102353,102354],{"id":101389,"depth":102,"text":101390},{"id":101577,"depth":102,"text":101578},{"id":101728,"depth":102,"text":101729},{"id":101891,"depth":102,"text":101892},{"id":101976,"depth":102,"text":101977},{"id":102101,"depth":102,"text":102102},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":102356},[102357,102359,102361,102363],{"id":102263,"depth":102,"text":102358},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102272,"depth":102,"text":102360},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102287,"depth":102,"text":102362},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102296,"depth":102,"text":102297},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":99933,"description":102365},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102372,"title":102373,"body":102374,"description":104069,"extension":1665,"meta":104070,"navigation":316,"path":104071,"seo":104072,"stem":104073,"__hash__":104074},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102375,"toc":104031},[102376,102382,102388,102401,102403,102504,102506,102551,102556,102561,102565,102579,102582,102590,102592,102611,102629,102633,102686,102688,102709,102716,102721,102748,102755,102854,102856,102893,102901,102905,102911,102914,102987,102989,102997,103002,103071,103073,103098,103100,103103,103206,103208,103269,103272,103276,103282,103355,103357,103390,103393,103396,103436,103442,103465,103470,103474,103485,103488,103490,103494,103500,103502,103559,103569,103571,103624,103631,103636,103704,103712,103718,103722,103724,103763,103768,103817,103821,103824,103826,103865,103868,103870,103875,103932,103934,103948,103950,103954,103960,103965,103970,103977,103988,103994,103999,104001,104028],[10,102377,95727,102379,10814],{"id":102378},"python-set-discard-method",[18,102380,102381],{},"discard()",[14,102383,102384,102387],{},[18,102385,102386],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[14,102389,102390,102391,255,102396,13551,102398,102400],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[372,102392,102393],{"href":97736},[18,102394,102395],{},"set.remove()",[18,102397,102381],{},[3205,102399,4101],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[42,102402,45],{"id":44},[47,102404,102406],{"className":49,"code":102405,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[18,102407,102408,102440,102459,102469,102473,102494],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102409,102410,102412,102414,102416,102418,102420,102422,102424,102426,102428,102430,102432,102434,102436,102438],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102411,12572],{"class":284},[56,102413,288],{"class":75},[56,102415,9980],{"class":66},[56,102417,938],{"class":937},[56,102419,12589],{"class":941},[56,102421,938],{"class":937},[56,102423,1080],{"class":66},[56,102425,1448],{"class":937},[56,102427,12606],{"class":941},[56,102429,938],{"class":937},[56,102431,1080],{"class":66},[56,102433,1448],{"class":937},[56,102435,16956],{"class":941},[56,102437,938],{"class":937},[56,102439,8797],{"class":66},[56,102441,102442,102444,102446,102449,102451,102453,102455,102457],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,102443,17003],{"class":284},[56,102445,497],{"class":66},[56,102447,102448],{"class":237},"discard",[56,102450,67],{"class":66},[56,102452,938],{"class":937},[56,102454,12606],{"class":941},[56,102456,938],{"class":937},[56,102458,241],{"class":66},[56,102460,102461,102463,102465,102467],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,102462,63],{"class":62},[56,102464,67],{"class":66},[56,102466,17003],{"class":237},[56,102468,241],{"class":66},[56,102470,102471],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,102472,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,102474,102475,102477,102479,102481,102483,102485,102487,102489,102491],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,102476,17003],{"class":284},[56,102478,497],{"class":66},[56,102480,102448],{"class":237},[56,102482,67],{"class":66},[56,102484,938],{"class":937},[56,102486,22027],{"class":941},[56,102488,938],{"class":937},[56,102490,3120],{"class":66},[56,102492,102493],{"class":3123},"  # no error if missing\n",[56,102495,102496,102498,102500,102502],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,102497,63],{"class":62},[56,102499,67],{"class":66},[56,102501,17003],{"class":237},[56,102503,241],{"class":66},[14,102505,29536],{},[47,102507,102509],{"className":49,"code":102508,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[18,102510,102511,102531],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102512,102513,102515,102517,102519,102521,102523,102525,102527,102529],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102514,8766],{"class":66},[56,102516,1394],{"class":937},[56,102518,12589],{"class":941},[56,102520,1394],{"class":937},[56,102522,1080],{"class":66},[56,102524,1389],{"class":937},[56,102526,16956],{"class":941},[56,102528,1394],{"class":937},[56,102530,8797],{"class":66},[56,102532,102533,102535,102537,102539,102541,102543,102545,102547,102549],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,102534,8766],{"class":66},[56,102536,1394],{"class":937},[56,102538,12589],{"class":941},[56,102540,1394],{"class":937},[56,102542,1080],{"class":66},[56,102544,1389],{"class":937},[56,102546,16956],{"class":941},[56,102548,1394],{"class":937},[56,102550,8797],{"class":66},[14,102552,153,102553,102555],{},[18,102554,102381],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[42,102557,3138,102559,3141],{"id":102558},"what-setdiscard-does",[18,102560,102386],{},[14,102562,102563,971],{},[18,102564,102381],{},[26,102566,102567,102570,102573,102575],{},[29,102568,102569],{},"Removes one item from a set",[29,102571,102572],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[29,102574,95842],{},[29,102576,10916,102577],{},[18,102578,3241],{},[14,102580,102581],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[14,102583,95851,102584,964,102587,497],{},[372,102585,102586],{"href":98318},"what a set is in Python",[372,102588,102589],{"href":97410},"how to create a set",[42,102591,220],{"id":219},[47,102593,102595],{"className":49,"code":102594,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[18,102596,102597],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102598,102599,102601,102603,102605,102607,102609],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102600,15165],{"class":284},[56,102602,497],{"class":66},[56,102604,102448],{"class":237},[56,102606,67],{"class":66},[56,102608,551],{"class":237},[56,102610,241],{"class":66},[26,102612,102613,102618,102623,102626],{},[29,102614,102615,102617],{},[18,102616,15165],{}," is the set you want to change",[29,102619,102620,102622],{},[18,102621,551],{}," is the item you want to remove",[29,102624,102625],{},"The set must already exist",[29,102627,102628],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[615,102630,102632],{"id":102631},"example","Example",[47,102634,102636],{"className":49,"code":102635,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,102637,102638,102662,102676],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102639,102640,102642,102644,102646,102648,102650,102652,102654,102656,102658,102660],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102641,3075],{"class":284},[56,102643,288],{"class":75},[56,102645,9980],{"class":66},[56,102647,1077],{"class":79},[56,102649,1080],{"class":66},[56,102651,1083],{"class":79},[56,102653,1080],{"class":66},[56,102655,529],{"class":79},[56,102657,1080],{"class":66},[56,102659,535],{"class":79},[56,102661,8797],{"class":66},[56,102663,102664,102666,102668,102670,102672,102674],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,102665,3107],{"class":284},[56,102667,497],{"class":66},[56,102669,102448],{"class":237},[56,102671,67],{"class":66},[56,102673,121],{"class":79},[56,102675,241],{"class":66},[56,102677,102678,102680,102682,102684],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,102679,63],{"class":62},[56,102681,67],{"class":66},[56,102683,3107],{"class":237},[56,102685,241],{"class":66},[14,102687,130],{},[47,102689,102691],{"className":49,"code":102690,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[18,102692,102693],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102694,102695,102697,102699,102701,102703,102705,102707],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102696,8766],{"class":66},[56,102698,1077],{"class":79},[56,102700,1080],{"class":66},[56,102702,1083],{"class":79},[56,102704,1080],{"class":66},[56,102706,535],{"class":79},[56,102708,8797],{"class":66},[42,102710,102712,102713,102715],{"id":102711},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[18,102714,102381],{}," different",[14,102717,102718,102720],{},[18,102719,102381],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[26,102722,102723,102736,102745],{},[29,102724,102725,102726,255,102730,102732,102733,102735],{},"Unlike ",[372,102727,102728],{"href":97736},[18,102729,55050],{},[18,102731,102381],{}," does not raise ",[18,102734,19189],{}," when the item is missing",[29,102737,102725,102738,255,102742,102744],{},[372,102739,102740],{"href":97741},[18,102741,12258],{},[18,102743,102381],{}," removes a specific item",[29,102746,102747],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[615,102749,102751,10075,102753],{"id":102750},"discard-vs-remove",[18,102752,102381],{},[18,102754,55050],{},[47,102756,102758],{"className":49,"code":102757,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[18,102759,102760,102784,102788,102809,102819,102823,102844],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102761,102762,102764,102766,102768,102770,102772,102774,102776,102778,102780,102782],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102763,7261],{"class":284},[56,102765,288],{"class":75},[56,102767,9980],{"class":66},[56,102769,938],{"class":937},[56,102771,3546],{"class":941},[56,102773,938],{"class":937},[56,102775,1080],{"class":66},[56,102777,1448],{"class":937},[56,102779,3555],{"class":941},[56,102781,938],{"class":937},[56,102783,8797],{"class":66},[56,102785,102786],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,102787,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,102789,102790,102792,102794,102796,102798,102800,102802,102804,102806],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,102791,7292],{"class":284},[56,102793,497],{"class":66},[56,102795,102448],{"class":237},[56,102797,67],{"class":66},[56,102799,938],{"class":937},[56,102801,32729],{"class":941},[56,102803,938],{"class":937},[56,102805,3120],{"class":66},[56,102807,102808],{"class":3123},"   # no error\n",[56,102810,102811,102813,102815,102817],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,102812,63],{"class":62},[56,102814,67],{"class":66},[56,102816,7292],{"class":237},[56,102818,241],{"class":66},[56,102820,102821],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,102822,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,102824,102825,102827,102829,102831,102833,102835,102837,102839,102841],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,102826,7292],{"class":284},[56,102828,497],{"class":66},[56,102830,34304],{"class":237},[56,102832,67],{"class":66},[56,102834,938],{"class":937},[56,102836,3555],{"class":941},[56,102838,938],{"class":937},[56,102840,3120],{"class":66},[56,102842,102843],{"class":3123},"    # removes existing item\n",[56,102845,102846,102848,102850,102852],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,102847,63],{"class":62},[56,102849,67],{"class":66},[56,102851,7292],{"class":237},[56,102853,241],{"class":66},[14,102855,130],{},[47,102857,102859],{"className":49,"code":102858,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[18,102860,102861,102881],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102862,102863,102865,102867,102869,102871,102873,102875,102877,102879],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102864,8766],{"class":66},[56,102866,1394],{"class":937},[56,102868,3546],{"class":941},[56,102870,1394],{"class":937},[56,102872,1080],{"class":66},[56,102874,1389],{"class":937},[56,102876,3555],{"class":941},[56,102878,1394],{"class":937},[56,102880,8797],{"class":66},[56,102882,102883,102885,102887,102889,102891],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,102884,8766],{"class":66},[56,102886,1394],{"class":937},[56,102888,3546],{"class":941},[56,102890,1394],{"class":937},[56,102892,8797],{"class":66},[14,102894,39858,102895,102897,102898,102900],{},[18,102896,55050],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[372,102899,10566],{"href":10565}," for more help with that case.",[42,102902,102904],{"id":102903},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[14,102906,102907,473,102909,497],{},[18,102908,102381],{},[18,102910,3241],{},[14,102912,102913],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[47,102915,102917],{"className":49,"code":102916,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,102918,102919,102951,102973,102977],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102920,102921,102923,102925,102927,102929,102931,102933,102935,102937,102939,102941,102943,102945,102947,102949],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102922,12572],{"class":284},[56,102924,288],{"class":75},[56,102926,9980],{"class":66},[56,102928,938],{"class":937},[56,102930,12589],{"class":941},[56,102932,938],{"class":937},[56,102934,1080],{"class":66},[56,102936,1448],{"class":937},[56,102938,12606],{"class":941},[56,102940,938],{"class":937},[56,102942,1080],{"class":66},[56,102944,1448],{"class":937},[56,102946,16956],{"class":941},[56,102948,938],{"class":937},[56,102950,8797],{"class":66},[56,102952,102953,102955,102957,102959,102961,102963,102965,102967,102969,102971],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,102954,299],{"class":284},[56,102956,288],{"class":75},[56,102958,12620],{"class":284},[56,102960,497],{"class":66},[56,102962,102448],{"class":237},[56,102964,67],{"class":66},[56,102966,938],{"class":937},[56,102968,12606],{"class":941},[56,102970,938],{"class":937},[56,102972,241],{"class":66},[56,102974,102975],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,102976,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,102978,102979,102981,102983,102985],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,102980,63],{"class":62},[56,102982,67],{"class":66},[56,102984,338],{"class":237},[56,102986,241],{"class":66},[14,102988,130],{},[47,102990,102991],{"className":49,"code":11302,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,102992,102993],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,102994,102995],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,102996,11302],{"class":3316},[14,102998,102999,103000,971],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[18,103001,17003],{},[47,103003,103005],{"className":49,"code":103004,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[18,103006,103007,103039,103057,103061],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103008,103009,103011,103013,103015,103017,103019,103021,103023,103025,103027,103029,103031,103033,103035,103037],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103010,12572],{"class":284},[56,103012,288],{"class":75},[56,103014,9980],{"class":66},[56,103016,938],{"class":937},[56,103018,12589],{"class":941},[56,103020,938],{"class":937},[56,103022,1080],{"class":66},[56,103024,1448],{"class":937},[56,103026,12606],{"class":941},[56,103028,938],{"class":937},[56,103030,1080],{"class":66},[56,103032,1448],{"class":937},[56,103034,16956],{"class":941},[56,103036,938],{"class":937},[56,103038,8797],{"class":66},[56,103040,103041,103043,103045,103047,103049,103051,103053,103055],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,103042,17003],{"class":284},[56,103044,497],{"class":66},[56,103046,102448],{"class":237},[56,103048,67],{"class":66},[56,103050,938],{"class":937},[56,103052,12606],{"class":941},[56,103054,938],{"class":937},[56,103056,241],{"class":66},[56,103058,103059],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,103060,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,103062,103063,103065,103067,103069],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,103064,63],{"class":62},[56,103066,67],{"class":66},[56,103068,17003],{"class":237},[56,103070,241],{"class":66},[14,103072,130],{},[47,103074,103076],{"className":49,"code":103075,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[18,103077,103078],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103079,103080,103082,103084,103086,103088,103090,103092,103094,103096],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103081,8766],{"class":66},[56,103083,1394],{"class":937},[56,103085,12589],{"class":941},[56,103087,1394],{"class":937},[56,103089,1080],{"class":66},[56,103091,1389],{"class":937},[56,103093,16956],{"class":941},[56,103095,1394],{"class":937},[56,103097,8797],{"class":66},[42,103099,10968],{"id":10967},[14,103101,103102],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[47,103104,103106],{"className":49,"code":103105,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[18,103107,103108,103140,103144,103162,103166,103184,103188],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103109,103110,103112,103114,103116,103118,103120,103122,103124,103126,103128,103130,103132,103134,103136,103138],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103111,35751],{"class":284},[56,103113,288],{"class":75},[56,103115,9980],{"class":66},[56,103117,938],{"class":937},[56,103119,3546],{"class":941},[56,103121,938],{"class":937},[56,103123,1080],{"class":66},[56,103125,1448],{"class":937},[56,103127,3555],{"class":941},[56,103129,938],{"class":937},[56,103131,1080],{"class":66},[56,103133,1448],{"class":937},[56,103135,32729],{"class":941},[56,103137,938],{"class":937},[56,103139,8797],{"class":66},[56,103141,103142],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,103143,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,103145,103146,103148,103150,103152,103154,103156,103158,103160],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,103147,63],{"class":62},[56,103149,67],{"class":66},[56,103151,938],{"class":937},[56,103153,11057],{"class":941},[56,103155,938],{"class":937},[56,103157,1080],{"class":66},[56,103159,52372],{"class":237},[56,103161,241],{"class":66},[56,103163,103164],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,103165,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,103167,103168,103170,103172,103174,103176,103178,103180,103182],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,103169,35803],{"class":284},[56,103171,497],{"class":66},[56,103173,102448],{"class":237},[56,103175,67],{"class":66},[56,103177,938],{"class":937},[56,103179,3555],{"class":941},[56,103181,938],{"class":937},[56,103183,241],{"class":66},[56,103185,103186],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,103187,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,103189,103190,103192,103194,103196,103198,103200,103202,103204],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,103191,63],{"class":62},[56,103193,67],{"class":66},[56,103195,938],{"class":937},[56,103197,11097],{"class":941},[56,103199,938],{"class":937},[56,103201,1080],{"class":66},[56,103203,52372],{"class":237},[56,103205,241],{"class":66},[14,103207,130],{},[47,103209,103211],{"className":49,"code":103210,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,103212,103213,103245],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103214,103215,103217,103219,103221,103223,103225,103227,103229,103231,103233,103235,103237,103239,103241,103243],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103216,11117],{"class":284},[56,103218,971],{"class":66},[56,103220,9980],{"class":66},[56,103222,1394],{"class":937},[56,103224,3555],{"class":941},[56,103226,1394],{"class":937},[56,103228,1080],{"class":66},[56,103230,1389],{"class":937},[56,103232,3546],{"class":941},[56,103234,1394],{"class":937},[56,103236,1080],{"class":66},[56,103238,1389],{"class":937},[56,103240,32729],{"class":941},[56,103242,1394],{"class":937},[56,103244,8797],{"class":66},[56,103246,103247,103249,103251,103253,103255,103257,103259,103261,103263,103265,103267],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,103248,11170],{"class":284},[56,103250,971],{"class":66},[56,103252,9980],{"class":66},[56,103254,1394],{"class":937},[56,103256,3546],{"class":941},[56,103258,1394],{"class":937},[56,103260,1080],{"class":66},[56,103262,1389],{"class":937},[56,103264,32729],{"class":941},[56,103266,1394],{"class":937},[56,103268,8797],{"class":66},[14,103270,103271],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[42,103273,103275],{"id":103274},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[14,103277,103278,103279,103281],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[18,103280,102381],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[47,103283,103285],{"className":49,"code":103284,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,103286,103287,103319,103323,103341,103345],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103288,103289,103291,103293,103295,103297,103299,103301,103303,103305,103307,103309,103311,103313,103315,103317],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103290,35751],{"class":284},[56,103292,288],{"class":75},[56,103294,9980],{"class":66},[56,103296,938],{"class":937},[56,103298,3546],{"class":941},[56,103300,938],{"class":937},[56,103302,1080],{"class":66},[56,103304,1448],{"class":937},[56,103306,3555],{"class":941},[56,103308,938],{"class":937},[56,103310,1080],{"class":66},[56,103312,1448],{"class":937},[56,103314,32729],{"class":941},[56,103316,938],{"class":937},[56,103318,8797],{"class":66},[56,103320,103321],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,103322,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,103324,103325,103327,103329,103331,103333,103335,103337,103339],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,103326,35803],{"class":284},[56,103328,497],{"class":66},[56,103330,102448],{"class":237},[56,103332,67],{"class":66},[56,103334,938],{"class":937},[56,103336,22036],{"class":941},[56,103338,938],{"class":937},[56,103340,241],{"class":66},[56,103342,103343],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,103344,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,103346,103347,103349,103351,103353],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,103348,63],{"class":62},[56,103350,67],{"class":66},[56,103352,35803],{"class":237},[56,103354,241],{"class":66},[14,103356,130],{},[47,103358,103360],{"className":49,"code":103359,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,103361,103362],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103363,103364,103366,103368,103370,103372,103374,103376,103378,103380,103382,103384,103386,103388],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103365,8766],{"class":66},[56,103367,1394],{"class":937},[56,103369,3555],{"class":941},[56,103371,1394],{"class":937},[56,103373,1080],{"class":66},[56,103375,1389],{"class":937},[56,103377,3546],{"class":941},[56,103379,1394],{"class":937},[56,103381,1080],{"class":66},[56,103383,1389],{"class":937},[56,103385,32729],{"class":941},[56,103387,1394],{"class":937},[56,103389,8797],{"class":66},[14,103391,103392],{},"No error happens here.",[14,103394,103395],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[47,103397,103399],{"className":49,"code":103398,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[18,103400,103401,103417],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103402,103403,103405,103407,103409,103411,103413,103415],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103404,6477],{"class":3341},[56,103406,1448],{"class":937},[56,103408,22036],{"class":941},[56,103410,938],{"class":937},[56,103412,20676],{"class":75},[56,103414,52372],{"class":284},[56,103416,5871],{"class":66},[56,103418,103419,103422,103424,103426,103428,103430,103432,103434],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,103420,103421],{"class":284},"    fruits",[56,103423,497],{"class":66},[56,103425,34304],{"class":237},[56,103427,67],{"class":66},[56,103429,938],{"class":937},[56,103431,22036],{"class":941},[56,103433,938],{"class":937},[56,103435,241],{"class":66},[14,103437,103438,103439,103441],{},"With ",[18,103440,102381],{},", you can simply write:",[47,103443,103445],{"className":49,"code":103444,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[18,103446,103447],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103448,103449,103451,103453,103455,103457,103459,103461,103463],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103450,35803],{"class":284},[56,103452,497],{"class":66},[56,103454,102448],{"class":237},[56,103456,67],{"class":66},[56,103458,938],{"class":937},[56,103460,22036],{"class":941},[56,103462,938],{"class":937},[56,103464,241],{"class":66},[42,103466,4433,103468],{"id":103467},"when-to-use-discard",[18,103469,102381],{},[14,103471,153,103472,10091],{},[18,103473,102381],{},[26,103475,103476,103479,103482],{},[29,103477,103478],{},"Missing values are normal",[29,103480,103481],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[29,103483,103484],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[14,103486,103487],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[42,103489,912],{"id":911},[14,103491,7932,103492,497],{},[18,103493,102381],{},[615,103495,7938,103497,103499],{"id":103496},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[18,103498,102381],{}," to return the changed set",[14,103501,3995],{},[47,103503,103505],{"className":49,"code":103504,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,103506,103507,103527,103545,103549],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103508,103509,103511,103513,103515,103517,103519,103521,103523,103525],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103510,3075],{"class":284},[56,103512,288],{"class":75},[56,103514,9980],{"class":66},[56,103516,1077],{"class":79},[56,103518,1080],{"class":66},[56,103520,1083],{"class":79},[56,103522,1080],{"class":66},[56,103524,529],{"class":79},[56,103526,8797],{"class":66},[56,103528,103529,103531,103533,103535,103537,103539,103541,103543],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,103530,3075],{"class":284},[56,103532,288],{"class":75},[56,103534,3731],{"class":284},[56,103536,497],{"class":66},[56,103538,102448],{"class":237},[56,103540,67],{"class":66},[56,103542,115],{"class":79},[56,103544,241],{"class":66},[56,103546,103547],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,103548,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,103550,103551,103553,103555,103557],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,103552,63],{"class":62},[56,103554,67],{"class":66},[56,103556,3107],{"class":237},[56,103558,241],{"class":66},[14,103560,103561,41671,103563,8087,103565,473,103567,497],{},[18,103562,3107],{},[18,103564,3241],{},[18,103566,102381],{},[18,103568,3241],{},[14,103570,18342],{},[47,103572,103574],{"className":49,"code":103573,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,103575,103576,103596,103610,103614],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103577,103578,103580,103582,103584,103586,103588,103590,103592,103594],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103579,3075],{"class":284},[56,103581,288],{"class":75},[56,103583,9980],{"class":66},[56,103585,1077],{"class":79},[56,103587,1080],{"class":66},[56,103589,1083],{"class":79},[56,103591,1080],{"class":66},[56,103593,529],{"class":79},[56,103595,8797],{"class":66},[56,103597,103598,103600,103602,103604,103606,103608],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,103599,3107],{"class":284},[56,103601,497],{"class":66},[56,103603,102448],{"class":237},[56,103605,67],{"class":66},[56,103607,115],{"class":79},[56,103609,241],{"class":66},[56,103611,103612],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,103613,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,103615,103616,103618,103620,103622],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,103617,63],{"class":62},[56,103619,67],{"class":66},[56,103621,3107],{"class":237},[56,103623,241],{"class":66},[615,103625,36717,103627,8191,103629],{"id":103626},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[18,103628,102381],{},[18,103630,55050],{},[14,103632,103633,103634,497],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[18,103635,102381],{},[47,103637,103639],{"className":49,"code":103638,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[18,103640,103641,103673,103694],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103642,103643,103645,103647,103649,103651,103653,103655,103657,103659,103661,103663,103665,103667,103669,103671],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103644,35602],{"class":284},[56,103646,288],{"class":75},[56,103648,9980],{"class":66},[56,103650,938],{"class":937},[56,103652,372],{"class":941},[56,103654,938],{"class":937},[56,103656,1080],{"class":66},[56,103658,1448],{"class":937},[56,103660,4232],{"class":941},[56,103662,938],{"class":937},[56,103664,1080],{"class":66},[56,103666,1448],{"class":937},[56,103668,9228],{"class":941},[56,103670,938],{"class":937},[56,103672,8797],{"class":66},[56,103674,103675,103677,103679,103681,103683,103685,103687,103689,103691],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,103676,35655],{"class":284},[56,103678,497],{"class":66},[56,103680,102448],{"class":237},[56,103682,67],{"class":66},[56,103684,938],{"class":937},[56,103686,21580],{"class":941},[56,103688,938],{"class":937},[56,103690,3120],{"class":66},[56,103692,103693],{"class":3123},"   # safe\n",[56,103695,103696,103698,103700,103702],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,103697,63],{"class":62},[56,103699,67],{"class":66},[56,103701,35655],{"class":237},[56,103703,241],{"class":66},[14,103705,103706,103707,45426,103710,497],{},"If you use ",[18,103708,103709],{},"remove(\"z\")",[18,103711,19189],{},[615,103713,25121,103715,103717],{"id":103714},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[18,103716,102381],{}," on a list instead of a set",[14,103719,103720,101734],{},[18,103721,102381],{},[14,103723,16143],{},[47,103725,103727],{"className":49,"code":103726,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[18,103728,103729,103749],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103730,103731,103733,103735,103737,103739,103741,103743,103745,103747],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103732,7261],{"class":284},[56,103734,288],{"class":75},[56,103736,3080],{"class":66},[56,103738,1077],{"class":79},[56,103740,1080],{"class":66},[56,103742,1083],{"class":79},[56,103744,1080],{"class":66},[56,103746,529],{"class":79},[56,103748,3093],{"class":66},[56,103750,103751,103753,103755,103757,103759,103761],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,103752,7292],{"class":284},[56,103754,497],{"class":66},[56,103756,102448],{"class":237},[56,103758,67],{"class":66},[56,103760,115],{"class":79},[56,103762,241],{"class":66},[14,103764,103765,103766,971],{},"Use a set if you need ",[18,103767,102381],{},[47,103769,103771],{"className":49,"code":103770,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[18,103772,103773,103793,103807],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103774,103775,103777,103779,103781,103783,103785,103787,103789,103791],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103776,7261],{"class":284},[56,103778,288],{"class":75},[56,103780,9980],{"class":66},[56,103782,1077],{"class":79},[56,103784,1080],{"class":66},[56,103786,1083],{"class":79},[56,103788,1080],{"class":66},[56,103790,529],{"class":79},[56,103792,8797],{"class":66},[56,103794,103795,103797,103799,103801,103803,103805],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,103796,7292],{"class":284},[56,103798,497],{"class":66},[56,103800,102448],{"class":237},[56,103802,67],{"class":66},[56,103804,115],{"class":79},[56,103806,241],{"class":66},[56,103808,103809,103811,103813,103815],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,103810,63],{"class":62},[56,103812,67],{"class":66},[56,103814,7292],{"class":237},[56,103816,241],{"class":66},[615,103818,103820],{"id":103819},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[14,103822,103823],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[14,103825,919],{},[47,103827,103829],{"className":49,"code":103828,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[18,103830,103831,103851],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103832,103833,103835,103837,103839,103841,103843,103845,103847,103849],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103834,8653],{"class":284},[56,103836,288],{"class":75},[56,103838,9980],{"class":66},[56,103840,1077],{"class":79},[56,103842,1080],{"class":66},[56,103844,1083],{"class":79},[56,103846,1080],{"class":66},[56,103848,529],{"class":79},[56,103850,8797],{"class":66},[56,103852,103853,103855,103857,103859,103861,103863],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,103854,8692],{"class":284},[56,103856,497],{"class":66},[56,103858,102448],{"class":237},[56,103860,1074],{"class":66},[56,103862,115],{"class":79},[56,103864,3354],{"class":66},[14,103866,103867],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[42,103869,8359],{"id":8358},[14,103871,8362,103872,103874],{},[18,103873,102381],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[47,103876,103878],{"className":49,"code":103877,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[18,103879,103880,103890,103904,103918],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,103881,103882,103884,103886,103888],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,103883,63],{"class":62},[56,103885,67],{"class":66},[56,103887,15165],{"class":237},[56,103889,241],{"class":66},[56,103891,103892,103894,103896,103898,103900,103902],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,103893,63],{"class":62},[56,103895,67],{"class":66},[56,103897,1314],{"class":989},[56,103899,67],{"class":66},[56,103901,15165],{"class":237},[56,103903,83],{"class":66},[56,103905,103906,103908,103910,103912,103914,103916],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,103907,63],{"class":62},[56,103909,67],{"class":66},[56,103911,524],{"class":237},[56,103913,3348],{"class":3341},[56,103915,96451],{"class":237},[56,103917,241],{"class":66},[56,103919,103920,103922,103924,103926,103928,103930],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,103921,31660],{"class":62},[56,103923,67],{"class":66},[56,103925,5764],{"class":989},[56,103927,497],{"class":66},[56,103929,102448],{"class":24254},[56,103931,241],{"class":66},[14,103933,10662],{},[26,103935,103936,103939,103942,103945],{},[29,103937,103938],{},"What is currently in the set",[29,103940,103941],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[29,103943,103944],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[29,103946,103947],{},"How Python documents the method",[42,103949,1553],{"id":1552},[615,103951,103953],{"id":103952},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[14,103955,103956,103957,103959],{},"Nothing happens. ",[18,103958,102381],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[615,103961,4615,103963,12211],{"id":103962},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[18,103964,102386],{},[14,103966,4621,103967,103969],{},[18,103968,3241],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[615,103971,4653,103973,3862,103975,571],{"id":103972},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[18,103974,102381],{},[18,103976,55050],{},[14,103978,103979,103980,26043,103982,103984,103985,103987],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[18,103981,55050],{},[18,103983,19189],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[18,103986,102381],{}," does not.",[615,103989,27834,103991,103993],{"id":103990},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[18,103992,102381],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[14,103995,45883,103996,103998],{},[18,103997,102381],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[42,104000,1601],{"id":1600},[26,104002,104003,104009,104015,104020,104024],{},[29,104004,104005],{},[372,104006,96341,104007,10231],{"href":97736},[18,104008,55050],{},[29,104010,104011],{},[372,104012,96341,104013,10231],{"href":97741},[18,104014,12258],{},[29,104016,104017],{},[372,104018,104019],{"href":97410},"Python set: creating a set",[29,104021,104022],{},[372,104023,99876],{"href":98318},[29,104025,104026],{},[372,104027,10754],{"href":10565},[1633,104029,104030],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":104032},[104033,104034,104036,104039,104044,104045,104046,104047,104049,104058,104059,104068],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":102558,"depth":86,"text":104035},"What set.discard() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220,"children":104037},[104038],{"id":102631,"depth":102,"text":102632},{"id":102711,"depth":86,"text":104040,"children":104041},"What makes discard() different",[104042],{"id":102750,"depth":102,"text":104043},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":102903,"depth":86,"text":102904},{"id":10967,"depth":86,"text":10968},{"id":103274,"depth":86,"text":103275},{"id":103467,"depth":86,"text":104048},"When to use discard()",{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912,"children":104050},[104051,104053,104055,104057],{"id":103496,"depth":102,"text":104052},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103626,"depth":102,"text":104054},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103714,"depth":102,"text":104056},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":103819,"depth":102,"text":103820},{"id":8358,"depth":86,"text":8359},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":104060},[104061,104062,104064,104066],{"id":103952,"depth":102,"text":103953},{"id":103962,"depth":102,"text":104063},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":103972,"depth":102,"text":104065},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":103990,"depth":102,"text":104067},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102373,"description":104069},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104076,"title":104077,"body":104078,"description":106084,"extension":1665,"meta":106085,"navigation":316,"path":106086,"seo":106087,"stem":106088,"__hash__":106089},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104079,"toc":106042},[104080,104083,104091,104096,104107,104109,104164,104168,104188,104193,104197,104202,104204,104218,104220,104295,104297,104330,104335,104340,104342,104344,104359,104362,104370,104375,104390,104392,104481,104483,104572,104578,104582,104584,104622,104624,104648,104651,104666,104668,104723,104725,104758,104760,104765,104769,104773,104778,104843,104845,104865,104871,104875,104932,104934,104955,104959,104964,105009,105011,105044,105047,105051,105084,105086,105115,105119,105123,105126,105128,105147,105149,105195,105200,105214,105216,105247,105252,105255,105299,105301,105329,105333,105337,105353,105356,105421,105423,105435,105438,105442,105445,105450,105478,105480,105498,105504,105543,105545,105563,105569,105598,105600,105618,105621,105638,105640,105645,105649,105652,105678,105685,105690,105705,105714,105718,105721,105752,105758,105761,105770,105773,105775,105777,105835,105838,105863,105865,105869,105872,105876,105884,105888,105891,105895,105898,105900,105923,105925,105966,105973,105981,105984,106015,106017,106039],[10,104081,104077],{"id":104082},"python-set-function-explained",[14,104084,8610,104085,104087,104088,497],{},[18,104086,3260],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[3205,104089,104090],{},"unique values only",[14,104092,34916,104093,104095],{},[18,104094,3260],{}," to:",[26,104097,104098,104101,104104],{},[29,104099,104100],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[29,104102,104103],{},"check whether a value exists",[29,104105,104106],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[42,104108,45],{"id":44},[47,104110,104112],{"className":49,"code":104111,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[18,104113,104114,104138,104153],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104115,104116,104118,104120,104122,104124,104126,104128,104130,104132,104134,104136],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104117,3075],{"class":284},[56,104119,288],{"class":75},[56,104121,3080],{"class":66},[56,104123,1077],{"class":79},[56,104125,1080],{"class":66},[56,104127,1083],{"class":79},[56,104129,1080],{"class":66},[56,104131,1083],{"class":79},[56,104133,1080],{"class":66},[56,104135,529],{"class":79},[56,104137,3093],{"class":66},[56,104139,104140,104143,104145,104147,104149,104151],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,104141,104142],{"class":284},"unique_numbers ",[56,104144,288],{"class":75},[56,104146,15132],{"class":989},[56,104148,67],{"class":66},[56,104150,3107],{"class":237},[56,104152,241],{"class":66},[56,104154,104155,104157,104159,104162],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,104156,63],{"class":62},[56,104158,67],{"class":66},[56,104160,104161],{"class":237},"unique_numbers",[56,104163,241],{"class":66},[14,104165,104166],{},[3205,104167,130],{},[47,104169,104170],{"className":49,"code":96134,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,104171,104172],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104173,104174,104176,104178,104180,104182,104184,104186],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104175,8766],{"class":66},[56,104177,1077],{"class":79},[56,104179,1080],{"class":66},[56,104181,1083],{"class":79},[56,104183,1080],{"class":66},[56,104185,529],{"class":79},[56,104187,8797],{"class":66},[14,104189,153,104190,104192],{},[18,104191,3260],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[42,104194,104196],{"id":104195},"what-set-does","What set() does",[14,104198,104199,104201],{},[18,104200,3260],{}," creates a new set object.",[14,104203,30047],{},[26,104205,104206,104209,104212,104215],{},[29,104207,104208],{},"A set stores unique items only",[29,104210,104211],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[29,104213,104214],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[29,104216,104217],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[14,104219,274],{},[47,104221,104223],{"className":49,"code":104222,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[18,104224,104225,104265,104280,104284],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104226,104227,104229,104231,104233,104235,104237,104239,104241,104243,104245,104247,104249,104251,104253,104255,104257,104259,104261,104263],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104228,12572],{"class":284},[56,104230,288],{"class":75},[56,104232,3080],{"class":66},[56,104234,938],{"class":937},[56,104236,12589],{"class":941},[56,104238,938],{"class":937},[56,104240,1080],{"class":66},[56,104242,1448],{"class":937},[56,104244,12606],{"class":941},[56,104246,938],{"class":937},[56,104248,1080],{"class":66},[56,104250,1448],{"class":937},[56,104252,12589],{"class":941},[56,104254,938],{"class":937},[56,104256,1080],{"class":66},[56,104258,1448],{"class":937},[56,104260,16956],{"class":941},[56,104262,938],{"class":937},[56,104264,3093],{"class":66},[56,104266,104267,104270,104272,104274,104276,104278],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,104268,104269],{"class":284},"unique_colors ",[56,104271,288],{"class":75},[56,104273,15132],{"class":989},[56,104275,67],{"class":66},[56,104277,17003],{"class":237},[56,104279,241],{"class":66},[56,104281,104282],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,104283,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,104285,104286,104288,104290,104293],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,104287,63],{"class":62},[56,104289,67],{"class":66},[56,104291,104292],{"class":237},"unique_colors",[56,104294,241],{"class":66},[14,104296,29536],{},[47,104298,104300],{"className":49,"code":104299,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[18,104301,104302],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104303,104304,104306,104308,104310,104312,104314,104316,104318,104320,104322,104324,104326,104328],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104305,8766],{"class":66},[56,104307,1394],{"class":937},[56,104309,12606],{"class":941},[56,104311,1394],{"class":937},[56,104313,1080],{"class":66},[56,104315,1389],{"class":937},[56,104317,16956],{"class":941},[56,104319,1394],{"class":937},[56,104321,1080],{"class":66},[56,104323,1389],{"class":937},[56,104325,12589],{"class":941},[56,104327,1394],{"class":937},[56,104329,8797],{"class":66},[14,104331,360,104332,104334],{},[18,104333,64916],{}," appears only once.",[14,104336,104337,104338,497],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[372,104339,95855],{"href":95854},[42,104341,220],{"id":219},[14,104343,223],{},[47,104345,104347],{"className":49,"code":104346,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set(iterable)\n",[18,104348,104349],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104350,104351,104353,104355,104357],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104352,5764],{"class":989},[56,104354,67],{"class":66},[56,104356,3182],{"class":237},[56,104358,241],{"class":66},[14,104360,104361],{},"The argument is optional.",[26,104363,104364,104367],{},[29,104365,104366],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[29,104368,104369],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[14,104371,104372,104373,971],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[18,104374,3260],{},[26,104376,104377,104379,104381,104383,104387],{},[29,104378,7577],{},[29,104380,48472],{},[29,104382,60697],{},[29,104384,104385],{},[18,104386,35710],{},[29,104388,104389],{},"another set",[14,104391,187],{},[47,104393,104395],{"className":49,"code":104394,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[18,104396,104397,104423,104445,104463],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104398,104399,104401,104403,104405,104407,104409,104411,104413,104415,104417,104419,104421],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104400,63],{"class":62},[56,104402,67],{"class":66},[56,104404,5764],{"class":989},[56,104406,1074],{"class":66},[56,104408,1077],{"class":79},[56,104410,1080],{"class":66},[56,104412,1083],{"class":79},[56,104414,1080],{"class":66},[56,104416,1083],{"class":79},[56,104418,1080],{"class":66},[56,104420,529],{"class":79},[56,104422,1090],{"class":66},[56,104424,104425,104427,104429,104431,104433,104435,104437,104439,104441,104443],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,104426,63],{"class":62},[56,104428,67],{"class":66},[56,104430,5764],{"class":989},[56,104432,4986],{"class":66},[56,104434,406],{"class":79},[56,104436,1080],{"class":66},[56,104438,7272],{"class":79},[56,104440,1080],{"class":66},[56,104442,5481],{"class":79},[56,104444,1000],{"class":66},[56,104446,104447,104449,104451,104453,104455,104457,104459,104461],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,104448,63],{"class":62},[56,104450,67],{"class":66},[56,104452,5764],{"class":989},[56,104454,67],{"class":66},[56,104456,938],{"class":937},[56,104458,3309],{"class":941},[56,104460,938],{"class":937},[56,104462,83],{"class":66},[56,104464,104465,104467,104469,104471,104473,104475,104477,104479],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,104466,63],{"class":62},[56,104468,67],{"class":66},[56,104470,5764],{"class":989},[56,104472,67],{"class":66},[56,104474,59521],{"class":62},[56,104476,67],{"class":66},[56,104478,584],{"class":79},[56,104480,1000],{"class":66},[14,104482,29536],{},[47,104484,104486],{"className":49,"code":104485,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[18,104487,104488,104504,104516,104552],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104489,104490,104492,104494,104496,104498,104500,104502],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104491,8766],{"class":66},[56,104493,1077],{"class":79},[56,104495,1080],{"class":66},[56,104497,1083],{"class":79},[56,104499,1080],{"class":66},[56,104501,529],{"class":79},[56,104503,8797],{"class":66},[56,104505,104506,104508,104510,104512,104514],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,104507,8766],{"class":66},[56,104509,406],{"class":79},[56,104511,1080],{"class":66},[56,104513,7272],{"class":79},[56,104515,8797],{"class":66},[56,104517,104518,104520,104522,104524,104526,104528,104530,104532,104534,104536,104538,104540,104542,104544,104546,104548,104550],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,104519,8766],{"class":66},[56,104521,1394],{"class":937},[56,104523,59961],{"class":941},[56,104525,1394],{"class":937},[56,104527,1080],{"class":66},[56,104529,1389],{"class":937},[56,104531,59970],{"class":941},[56,104533,1394],{"class":937},[56,104535,1080],{"class":66},[56,104537,1389],{"class":937},[56,104539,59979],{"class":941},[56,104541,1394],{"class":937},[56,104543,1080],{"class":66},[56,104545,1389],{"class":937},[56,104547,59996],{"class":941},[56,104549,1394],{"class":937},[56,104551,8797],{"class":66},[56,104553,104554,104556,104558,104560,104562,104564,104566,104568,104570],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,104555,8766],{"class":66},[56,104557,181],{"class":79},[56,104559,1080],{"class":66},[56,104561,4973],{"class":79},[56,104563,1080],{"class":66},[56,104565,1083],{"class":79},[56,104567,1080],{"class":66},[56,104569,529],{"class":79},[56,104571,8797],{"class":66},[14,104573,104574,104575,497],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[372,104576,104577],{"href":64371},"Python list() function explained",[42,104579,104581],{"id":104580},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[14,104583,97807],{},[47,104585,104586],{"className":49,"code":98772,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,104587,104588,104598,104608],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104589,104590,104592,104594,104596],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104591,97817],{"class":284},[56,104593,288],{"class":75},[56,104595,15132],{"class":989},[56,104597,8129],{"class":66},[56,104599,104600,104602,104604,104606],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,104601,63],{"class":62},[56,104603,67],{"class":66},[56,104605,97836],{"class":237},[56,104607,241],{"class":66},[56,104609,104610,104612,104614,104616,104618,104620],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,104611,63],{"class":62},[56,104613,67],{"class":66},[56,104615,1314],{"class":989},[56,104617,67],{"class":66},[56,104619,97836],{"class":237},[56,104621,83],{"class":66},[14,104623,130],{},[47,104625,104626],{"className":49,"code":98815,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,104627,104628,104634],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104629,104630,104632],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104631,5764],{"class":989},[56,104633,8129],{"class":66},[56,104635,104636,104638,104640,104642,104644,104646],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,104637,1383],{"class":75},[56,104639,1386],{"class":124},[56,104641,1389],{"class":937},[56,104643,5764],{"class":941},[56,104645,1394],{"class":937},[56,104647,1397],{"class":75},[14,104649,104650],{},"This is important because:",[26,104652,104653,104658],{},[29,104654,104655,104657],{},[18,104656,3260],{}," creates an empty set",[29,104659,104660,104662,104663,104665],{},[18,104661,3255],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[3205,104664,4101],{}," a set",[14,104667,274],{},[47,104669,104671],{"className":49,"code":104670,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[18,104672,104673,104683,104691,104695,104709],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104674,104675,104677,104679,104681],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104676,635],{"class":284},[56,104678,288],{"class":75},[56,104680,15132],{"class":989},[56,104682,8129],{"class":66},[56,104684,104685,104687,104689],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,104686,663],{"class":284},[56,104688,288],{"class":75},[56,104690,9327],{"class":66},[56,104692,104693],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,104694,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,104696,104697,104699,104701,104703,104705,104707],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,104698,63],{"class":62},[56,104700,67],{"class":66},[56,104702,1314],{"class":989},[56,104704,67],{"class":66},[56,104706,372],{"class":237},[56,104708,83],{"class":66},[56,104710,104711,104713,104715,104717,104719,104721],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,104712,63],{"class":62},[56,104714,67],{"class":66},[56,104716,1314],{"class":989},[56,104718,67],{"class":66},[56,104720,4232],{"class":237},[56,104722,83],{"class":66},[14,104724,130],{},[47,104726,104728],{"className":49,"code":104727,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[18,104729,104730,104744],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104731,104732,104734,104736,104738,104740,104742],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104733,1383],{"class":75},[56,104735,1386],{"class":124},[56,104737,1389],{"class":937},[56,104739,5764],{"class":941},[56,104741,1394],{"class":937},[56,104743,1397],{"class":75},[56,104745,104746,104748,104750,104752,104754,104756],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,104747,1383],{"class":75},[56,104749,1386],{"class":124},[56,104751,1389],{"class":937},[56,104753,8308],{"class":941},[56,104755,1394],{"class":937},[56,104757,1397],{"class":75},[14,104759,13546],{},[14,104761,104762,104763,497],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[372,104764,104019],{"href":95858},[42,104766,104768],{"id":104767},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[615,104770,104772],{"id":104771},"from-a-list","From a list",[14,104774,104775,104776,497],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[18,104777,3260],{},[47,104779,104781],{"className":49,"code":104780,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,104782,104783,104815,104829,104833],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104784,104785,104787,104789,104791,104793,104795,104797,104799,104801,104803,104805,104807,104809,104811,104813],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104786,3075],{"class":284},[56,104788,288],{"class":75},[56,104790,3080],{"class":66},[56,104792,1077],{"class":79},[56,104794,1080],{"class":66},[56,104796,1083],{"class":79},[56,104798,1080],{"class":66},[56,104800,1083],{"class":79},[56,104802,1080],{"class":66},[56,104804,529],{"class":79},[56,104806,1080],{"class":66},[56,104808,529],{"class":79},[56,104810,1080],{"class":66},[56,104812,529],{"class":79},[56,104814,3093],{"class":66},[56,104816,104817,104819,104821,104823,104825,104827],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,104818,299],{"class":284},[56,104820,288],{"class":75},[56,104822,15132],{"class":989},[56,104824,67],{"class":66},[56,104826,3107],{"class":237},[56,104828,241],{"class":66},[56,104830,104831],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,104832,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,104834,104835,104837,104839,104841],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,104836,63],{"class":62},[56,104838,67],{"class":66},[56,104840,338],{"class":237},[56,104842,241],{"class":66},[14,104844,130],{},[47,104846,104847],{"className":49,"code":96134,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,104848,104849],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104850,104851,104853,104855,104857,104859,104861,104863],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104852,8766],{"class":66},[56,104854,1077],{"class":79},[56,104856,1080],{"class":66},[56,104858,1083],{"class":79},[56,104860,1080],{"class":66},[56,104862,529],{"class":79},[56,104864,8797],{"class":66},[14,104866,104867,104868,497],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[372,104869,98605],{"href":104870},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[615,104872,104874],{"id":104873},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[47,104876,104878],{"className":49,"code":104877,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,104879,104880,104904,104918,104922],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104881,104882,104884,104886,104888,104890,104892,104894,104896,104898,104900,104902],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104883,3286],{"class":284},[56,104885,288],{"class":75},[56,104887,8724],{"class":66},[56,104889,198],{"class":79},[56,104891,1080],{"class":66},[56,104893,4075],{"class":79},[56,104895,1080],{"class":66},[56,104897,5481],{"class":79},[56,104899,1080],{"class":66},[56,104901,37450],{"class":79},[56,104903,241],{"class":66},[56,104905,104906,104908,104910,104912,104914,104916],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,104907,299],{"class":284},[56,104909,288],{"class":75},[56,104911,15132],{"class":989},[56,104913,67],{"class":66},[56,104915,4833],{"class":237},[56,104917,241],{"class":66},[56,104919,104920],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,104921,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,104923,104924,104926,104928,104930],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,104925,63],{"class":62},[56,104927,67],{"class":66},[56,104929,338],{"class":237},[56,104931,241],{"class":66},[14,104933,130],{},[47,104935,104937],{"className":49,"code":104936,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[18,104938,104939],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104940,104941,104943,104945,104947,104949,104951,104953],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104942,8766],{"class":66},[56,104944,198],{"class":79},[56,104946,1080],{"class":66},[56,104948,5481],{"class":79},[56,104950,1080],{"class":66},[56,104952,37450],{"class":79},[56,104954,8797],{"class":66},[615,104956,104958],{"id":104957},"from-a-string","From a string",[14,104960,50647,104961,104963],{},[18,104962,3260],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[47,104965,104967],{"className":49,"code":104966,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,104968,104969,104981,104995,104999],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,104970,104971,104973,104975,104977,104979],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,104972,34197],{"class":284},[56,104974,288],{"class":75},[56,104976,1448],{"class":937},[56,104978,3555],{"class":941},[56,104980,1454],{"class":937},[56,104982,104983,104985,104987,104989,104991,104993],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,104984,299],{"class":284},[56,104986,288],{"class":75},[56,104988,15132],{"class":989},[56,104990,67],{"class":66},[56,104992,34218],{"class":237},[56,104994,241],{"class":66},[56,104996,104997],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,104998,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,105000,105001,105003,105005,105007],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,105002,63],{"class":62},[56,105004,67],{"class":66},[56,105006,338],{"class":237},[56,105008,241],{"class":66},[14,105010,29536],{},[47,105012,105014],{"className":49,"code":105013,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[18,105015,105016],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105017,105018,105020,105022,105024,105026,105028,105030,105032,105034,105036,105038,105040,105042],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105019,8766],{"class":66},[56,105021,1394],{"class":937},[56,105023,4232],{"class":941},[56,105025,1394],{"class":937},[56,105027,1080],{"class":66},[56,105029,1389],{"class":937},[56,105031,372],{"class":941},[56,105033,1394],{"class":937},[56,105035,1080],{"class":66},[56,105037,1389],{"class":937},[56,105039,75554],{"class":941},[56,105041,1394],{"class":937},[56,105043,8797],{"class":66},[14,105045,105046],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[615,105048,105050],{"id":105049},"from-range","From range()",[47,105052,105054],{"className":49,"code":105053,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[18,105055,105056,105074],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105057,105058,105060,105062,105064,105066,105068,105070,105072],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105059,299],{"class":284},[56,105061,288],{"class":75},[56,105063,15132],{"class":989},[56,105065,67],{"class":66},[56,105067,59521],{"class":62},[56,105069,67],{"class":66},[56,105071,198],{"class":79},[56,105073,83],{"class":66},[56,105075,105076,105078,105080,105082],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,105077,63],{"class":62},[56,105079,67],{"class":66},[56,105081,338],{"class":237},[56,105083,241],{"class":66},[14,105085,130],{},[47,105087,105089],{"className":49,"code":105088,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,105090,105091],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105092,105093,105095,105097,105099,105101,105103,105105,105107,105109,105111,105113],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105094,8766],{"class":66},[56,105096,181],{"class":79},[56,105098,1080],{"class":66},[56,105100,4973],{"class":79},[56,105102,1080],{"class":66},[56,105104,1083],{"class":79},[56,105106,1080],{"class":66},[56,105108,529],{"class":79},[56,105110,1080],{"class":66},[56,105112,535],{"class":79},[56,105114,8797],{"class":66},[42,105116,105118],{"id":105117},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[14,105120,99052,105121,497],{},[3205,105122,95898],{},[14,105124,105125],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[14,105127,99058],{},[26,105129,105130,105134,105138,105142],{},[29,105131,105132],{},[18,105133,254],{},[29,105135,105136],{},[18,105137,1540],{},[29,105139,105140],{},[18,105141,258],{},[29,105143,105144,105146],{},[18,105145,48472],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[14,105148,274],{},[47,105150,105152],{"className":49,"code":105151,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[18,105153,105154,105185],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105155,105156,105158,105160,105162,105164,105166,105168,105170,105172,105174,105176,105178,105180,105182],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105157,7261],{"class":284},[56,105159,288],{"class":75},[56,105161,9980],{"class":66},[56,105163,1077],{"class":79},[56,105165,1080],{"class":66},[56,105167,1448],{"class":937},[56,105169,3309],{"class":941},[56,105171,938],{"class":937},[56,105173,1080],{"class":66},[56,105175,8724],{"class":66},[56,105177,406],{"class":79},[56,105179,1080],{"class":66},[56,105181,7272],{"class":79},[56,105183,105184],{"class":66},")}\n",[56,105186,105187,105189,105191,105193],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,105188,63],{"class":62},[56,105190,67],{"class":66},[56,105192,7292],{"class":237},[56,105194,241],{"class":66},[14,105196,99120,105197,105199],{},[3205,105198,4101],{}," work inside a set:",[26,105201,105202,105206,105210],{},[29,105203,105204],{},[18,105205,7577],{},[29,105207,105208],{},[18,105209,8308],{},[29,105211,105212],{},[18,105213,5764],{},[14,105215,96623],{},[47,105217,105219],{"className":49,"code":105218,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[18,105220,105221],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105222,105223,105225,105227,105229,105231,105233,105235,105237,105239,105241,105243,105245],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105224,99139],{"class":284},[56,105226,288],{"class":75},[56,105228,99144],{"class":66},[56,105230,1077],{"class":79},[56,105232,1080],{"class":66},[56,105234,1083],{"class":79},[56,105236,17563],{"class":66},[56,105238,3080],{"class":66},[56,105240,121],{"class":79},[56,105242,1080],{"class":66},[56,105244,535],{"class":79},[56,105246,13203],{"class":66},[14,105248,76382,105249,105251],{},[18,105250,1096],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[14,105253,105254],{},"A safer example:",[47,105256,105258],{"className":49,"code":105257,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[18,105259,105260,105288],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105261,105262,105265,105267,105270,105272,105274,105276,105278,105280,105282,105284,105286],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105263,105264],{"class":284},"good_set ",[56,105266,288],{"class":75},[56,105268,105269],{"class":66}," {(",[56,105271,1077],{"class":79},[56,105273,1080],{"class":66},[56,105275,1083],{"class":79},[56,105277,8721],{"class":66},[56,105279,8724],{"class":66},[56,105281,121],{"class":79},[56,105283,1080],{"class":66},[56,105285,535],{"class":79},[56,105287,105184],{"class":66},[56,105289,105290,105292,105294,105297],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,105291,63],{"class":62},[56,105293,67],{"class":66},[56,105295,105296],{"class":237},"good_set",[56,105298,241],{"class":66},[14,105300,130],{},[47,105302,105304],{"className":49,"code":105303,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[18,105305,105306],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105307,105308,105311,105313,105315,105317,105319,105321,105323,105325,105327],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105309,105310],{"class":66},"{(",[56,105312,1077],{"class":79},[56,105314,1080],{"class":66},[56,105316,1083],{"class":79},[56,105318,8721],{"class":66},[56,105320,8724],{"class":66},[56,105322,121],{"class":79},[56,105324,1080],{"class":66},[56,105326,535],{"class":79},[56,105328,105184],{"class":66},[42,105330,105332],{"id":105331},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[14,105334,153,105335,10091],{},[18,105336,3260],{},[26,105338,105339,105342,105347,105350],{},[29,105340,105341],{},"you need unique values only",[29,105343,105344,105345],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[18,105346,3348],{},[29,105348,105349],{},"order does not matter",[29,105351,105352],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[14,105354,105355],{},"Example of membership checking:",[47,105357,105359],{"className":49,"code":105358,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[18,105360,105361,105386,105390,105406],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105362,105363,105366,105368,105370,105372,105374,105376,105379,105381,105384],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105364,105365],{"class":284},"allowed_ids ",[56,105367,288],{"class":75},[56,105369,15132],{"class":989},[56,105371,1074],{"class":66},[56,105373,46110],{"class":79},[56,105375,1080],{"class":66},[56,105377,105378],{"class":79}," 102",[56,105380,1080],{"class":66},[56,105382,105383],{"class":79}," 103",[56,105385,3354],{"class":66},[56,105387,105388],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,105389,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,105391,105392,105394,105396,105399,105401,105404],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,105393,63],{"class":62},[56,105395,67],{"class":66},[56,105397,105398],{"class":79},"102",[56,105400,20676],{"class":3341},[56,105402,105403],{"class":237}," allowed_ids",[56,105405,241],{"class":66},[56,105407,105408,105410,105412,105415,105417,105419],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,105409,63],{"class":62},[56,105411,67],{"class":66},[56,105413,105414],{"class":79},"999",[56,105416,20676],{"class":3341},[56,105418,105403],{"class":237},[56,105420,241],{"class":66},[14,105422,130],{},[47,105424,105425],{"className":49,"code":43691,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,105426,105427,105431],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105428,105429],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105430,3446],{"class":3316},[56,105432,105433],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,105434,3507],{"class":3316},[14,105436,105437],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[42,105439,105441],{"id":105440},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[14,105443,105444],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[615,105446,153,105448,97749],{"id":105447},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[18,105449,3260],{},[47,105451,105452],{"className":49,"code":97810,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,105453,105454,105464],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105455,105456,105458,105460,105462],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105457,97817],{"class":284},[56,105459,288],{"class":75},[56,105461,15132],{"class":989},[56,105463,8129],{"class":66},[56,105465,105466,105468,105470,105472,105474,105476],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,105467,63],{"class":62},[56,105469,67],{"class":66},[56,105471,1314],{"class":989},[56,105473,67],{"class":66},[56,105475,97836],{"class":237},[56,105477,83],{"class":66},[14,105479,130],{},[47,105481,105482],{"className":49,"code":8339,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,105483,105484],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105485,105486,105488,105490,105492,105494,105496],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105487,1383],{"class":75},[56,105489,1386],{"class":124},[56,105491,1389],{"class":937},[56,105493,5764],{"class":941},[56,105495,1394],{"class":937},[56,105497,1397],{"class":75},[615,105499,153,105501,105503],{"id":105500},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[18,105502,99809],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[47,105505,105507],{"className":49,"code":105506,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[18,105508,105509,105529],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105510,105511,105513,105515,105517,105519,105521,105523,105525,105527],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105512,3075],{"class":284},[56,105514,288],{"class":75},[56,105516,9980],{"class":66},[56,105518,1077],{"class":79},[56,105520,1080],{"class":66},[56,105522,1083],{"class":79},[56,105524,1080],{"class":66},[56,105526,529],{"class":79},[56,105528,8797],{"class":66},[56,105530,105531,105533,105535,105537,105539,105541],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,105532,63],{"class":62},[56,105534,67],{"class":66},[56,105536,1314],{"class":989},[56,105538,67],{"class":66},[56,105540,3107],{"class":237},[56,105542,83],{"class":66},[14,105544,130],{},[47,105546,105547],{"className":49,"code":8339,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,105548,105549],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105550,105551,105553,105555,105557,105559,105561],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105552,1383],{"class":75},[56,105554,1386],{"class":124},[56,105556,1389],{"class":937},[56,105558,5764],{"class":941},[56,105560,1394],{"class":937},[56,105562,1397],{"class":75},[615,105564,153,105566,105568],{"id":105565},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[18,105567,3255],{}," for an empty dictionary",[47,105570,105572],{"className":49,"code":105571,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[18,105573,105574,105583],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105575,105576,105579,105581],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105577,105578],{"class":284},"empty_dict ",[56,105580,288],{"class":75},[56,105582,9327],{"class":66},[56,105584,105585,105587,105589,105591,105593,105596],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,105586,63],{"class":62},[56,105588,67],{"class":66},[56,105590,1314],{"class":989},[56,105592,67],{"class":66},[56,105594,105595],{"class":237},"empty_dict",[56,105597,83],{"class":66},[14,105599,130],{},[47,105601,105602],{"className":49,"code":8295,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,105603,105604],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105605,105606,105608,105610,105612,105614,105616],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105607,1383],{"class":75},[56,105609,1386],{"class":124},[56,105611,1389],{"class":937},[56,105613,8308],{"class":941},[56,105615,1394],{"class":937},[56,105617,1397],{"class":75},[14,105619,105620],{},"So the rule is simple:",[26,105622,105623,105628,105633],{},[29,105624,105625,105627],{},[18,105626,3260],{}," → empty set",[29,105629,105630,105632],{},[18,105631,99809],{}," → non-empty set",[29,105634,105635,105637],{},[18,105636,3255],{}," → empty dictionary",[42,105639,912],{"id":911},[14,105641,105642,105643,497],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[18,105644,3260],{},[615,105646,7902,105647,99407],{"id":99404},[18,105648,3255],{},[14,105650,105651],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[47,105653,105654],{"className":49,"code":99413,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,105655,105656,105664],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105657,105658,105660,105662],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105659,524],{"class":284},[56,105661,288],{"class":75},[56,105663,9327],{"class":66},[56,105665,105666,105668,105670,105672,105674,105676],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,105667,63],{"class":62},[56,105669,67],{"class":66},[56,105671,1314],{"class":989},[56,105673,67],{"class":66},[56,105675,551],{"class":237},[56,105677,83],{"class":66},[615,105679,105681,105682],{"id":105680},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[18,105683,105684],{},"set(5)",[14,105686,105687,105689],{},[18,105688,3260],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[47,105691,105693],{"className":49,"code":105692,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set(5)\n",[18,105694,105695],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105696,105697,105699,105701,105703],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105698,5764],{"class":989},[56,105700,67],{"class":66},[56,105702,198],{"class":79},[56,105704,241],{"class":66},[14,105706,1093,105707,105709,105710,497],{},[18,105708,1096],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[372,105711,105713],{"href":105712},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[615,105715,105717],{"id":105716},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[14,105719,105720],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[47,105722,105724],{"className":49,"code":105723,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[18,105725,105726],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105727,105728,105730,105732,105734,105736,105738,105740,105742,105744,105746,105748,105750],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105729,524],{"class":284},[56,105731,288],{"class":75},[56,105733,99144],{"class":66},[56,105735,1077],{"class":79},[56,105737,1080],{"class":66},[56,105739,1083],{"class":79},[56,105741,17563],{"class":66},[56,105743,3080],{"class":66},[56,105745,121],{"class":79},[56,105747,1080],{"class":66},[56,105749,535],{"class":79},[56,105751,13203],{"class":66},[615,105753,7938,105755,105757],{"id":105754},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[18,105756,3260],{}," to keep the original order",[14,105759,105760],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[615,105762,36717,105764,8191,105766,964,105768],{"id":105763},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[18,105765,3260],{},[18,105767,24285],{},[18,105769,8607],{},[14,105771,105772],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[42,105774,60233],{"id":60232},[14,105776,10604],{},[47,105778,105780],{"className":49,"code":105779,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[18,105781,105782,105797,105807,105821],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105783,105784,105786,105788,105790,105792,105795],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105785,63],{"class":62},[56,105787,67],{"class":66},[56,105789,1314],{"class":989},[56,105791,67],{"class":66},[56,105793,105794],{"class":237},"my_value",[56,105796,83],{"class":66},[56,105798,105799,105801,105803,105805],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,105800,63],{"class":62},[56,105802,67],{"class":66},[56,105804,105794],{"class":237},[56,105806,241],{"class":66},[56,105808,105809,105811,105813,105815,105817,105819],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,105810,63],{"class":62},[56,105812,67],{"class":66},[56,105814,7577],{"class":989},[56,105816,67],{"class":66},[56,105818,15165],{"class":237},[56,105820,83],{"class":66},[56,105822,105823,105825,105827,105829,105831,105833],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,105824,63],{"class":62},[56,105826,67],{"class":66},[56,105828,10653],{"class":62},[56,105830,67],{"class":66},[56,105832,15165],{"class":237},[56,105834,83],{"class":66},[14,105836,105837],{},"What they help you see:",[26,105839,105840,105846,105851,105857],{},[29,105841,105842,105845],{},[18,105843,105844],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[29,105847,105848,90073],{},[18,105849,105850],{},"print(my_value)",[29,105852,105853,105856],{},[18,105854,105855],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[29,105858,105859,105862],{},[18,105860,105861],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[42,105864,1553],{"id":1552},[615,105866,105868],{"id":105867},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[14,105870,105871],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[615,105873,105875],{"id":105874},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[14,105877,153,105878,105880,105881,105883],{},[18,105879,3260],{},". Do not use ",[18,105882,3255],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[615,105885,105887],{"id":105886},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[14,105889,105890],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[615,105892,105894],{"id":105893},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[14,105896,105897],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[14,105899,274],{},[47,105901,105903],{"className":49,"code":105902,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[18,105904,105905],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105906,105907,105909,105911,105913,105915,105917,105919,105921],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105908,63],{"class":62},[56,105910,67],{"class":66},[56,105912,5764],{"class":989},[56,105914,67],{"class":66},[56,105916,938],{"class":937},[56,105918,3546],{"class":941},[56,105920,938],{"class":937},[56,105922,83],{"class":66},[14,105924,29536],{},[47,105926,105928],{"className":49,"code":105927,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[18,105929,105930],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105931,105932,105934,105936,105938,105940,105942,105944,105946,105948,105950,105952,105954,105956,105958,105960,105962,105964],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105933,8766],{"class":66},[56,105935,1394],{"class":937},[56,105937,372],{"class":941},[56,105939,1394],{"class":937},[56,105941,1080],{"class":66},[56,105943,1389],{"class":937},[56,105945,14],{"class":941},[56,105947,1394],{"class":937},[56,105949,1080],{"class":66},[56,105951,1389],{"class":937},[56,105953,59979],{"class":941},[56,105955,1394],{"class":937},[56,105957,1080],{"class":66},[56,105959,1389],{"class":937},[56,105961,59970],{"class":941},[56,105963,1394],{"class":937},[56,105965,8797],{"class":66},[615,105967,4631,105969,105972],{"id":105968},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[18,105970,105971],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[14,105974,105975,28191,105977,105980],{},[18,105976,3260],{},[3205,105978,105979],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[14,105982,105983],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[47,105985,105987],{"className":49,"code":105986,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[18,105988,105989],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,105990,105991,105993,105995,105997,105999,106001,106003,106005,106007,106009,106011,106013],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,105992,63],{"class":62},[56,105994,67],{"class":66},[56,105996,5764],{"class":989},[56,105998,1074],{"class":66},[56,106000,1077],{"class":79},[56,106002,1080],{"class":66},[56,106004,1083],{"class":79},[56,106006,1080],{"class":66},[56,106008,529],{"class":79},[56,106010,1080],{"class":66},[56,106012,535],{"class":79},[56,106014,1090],{"class":66},[42,106016,1601],{"id":1600},[26,106018,106019,106023,106027,106031,106035],{},[29,106020,106021],{},[372,106022,95855],{"href":95854},[29,106024,106025],{},[372,106026,104019],{"href":95858},[29,106028,106029],{},[372,106030,99871],{"href":104870},[29,106032,106033],{},[372,106034,104577],{"href":64371},[29,106036,106037],{},[372,106038,105713],{"href":105712},[1633,106040,106041],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":106043},[106044,106045,106046,106047,106048,106054,106055,106056,106064,106074,106075,106083],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":104195,"depth":86,"text":104196},{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":104580,"depth":86,"text":104581},{"id":104767,"depth":86,"text":104768,"children":106049},[106050,106051,106052,106053],{"id":104771,"depth":102,"text":104772},{"id":104873,"depth":102,"text":104874},{"id":104957,"depth":102,"text":104958},{"id":105049,"depth":102,"text":105050},{"id":105117,"depth":86,"text":105118},{"id":105331,"depth":86,"text":105332},{"id":105440,"depth":86,"text":105441,"children":106057},[106058,106060,106062],{"id":105447,"depth":102,"text":106059},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105500,"depth":102,"text":106061},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105565,"depth":102,"text":106063},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912,"children":106065},[106066,106067,106069,106070,106072],{"id":99404,"depth":102,"text":99912},{"id":105680,"depth":102,"text":106068},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105716,"depth":102,"text":105717},{"id":105754,"depth":102,"text":106071},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105763,"depth":102,"text":106073},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60232,"depth":86,"text":60233},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":106076},[106077,106078,106079,106080,106081],{"id":105867,"depth":102,"text":105868},{"id":105874,"depth":102,"text":105875},{"id":105886,"depth":102,"text":105887},{"id":105893,"depth":102,"text":105894},{"id":105968,"depth":102,"text":106082},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104077,"description":106084},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106091,"title":106092,"body":106093,"description":107608,"extension":1665,"meta":107609,"navigation":316,"path":107610,"seo":107611,"stem":107612,"__hash__":107613},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106094,"toc":107584},[106095,106101,106106,106109,106192,106197,106202,106207,106209,106222,106226,106228,106247,106250,106273,106276,106287,106289,106370,106372,106389,106391,106397,106400,106495,106497,106528,106530,106538,106540,106543,106654,106656,106681,106683,106705,106710,106715,106721,106830,106832,106848,106851,106854,106937,106939,106956,106964,106966,106970,106976,107067,107069,107102,107107,107114,107191,107193,107210,107216,107218,107222,107238,107241,107267,107269,107330,107332,107455,107457,107508,107514,107516,107521,107523,107529,107532,107536,107539,107543,107546,107556,107558,107581],[10,106096,3031,106098,10814],{"id":106097},"python-setintersection-method",[18,106099,106100],{},"set.intersection()",[14,106102,16,106103,106105],{},[18,106104,106100],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[14,106107,106108],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[47,106110,106112],{"className":49,"code":106111,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[18,106113,106114,106134,106154,106158,106177,106187],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106115,106116,106118,106120,106122,106124,106126,106128,106130,106132],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106117,635],{"class":284},[56,106119,288],{"class":75},[56,106121,9980],{"class":66},[56,106123,1077],{"class":79},[56,106125,1080],{"class":66},[56,106127,1083],{"class":79},[56,106129,1080],{"class":66},[56,106131,529],{"class":79},[56,106133,8797],{"class":66},[56,106135,106136,106138,106140,106142,106144,106146,106148,106150,106152],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,106137,663],{"class":284},[56,106139,288],{"class":75},[56,106141,9980],{"class":66},[56,106143,115],{"class":79},[56,106145,1080],{"class":66},[56,106147,529],{"class":79},[56,106149,1080],{"class":66},[56,106151,535],{"class":79},[56,106153,8797],{"class":66},[56,106155,106156],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,106157,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,106159,106160,106162,106164,106166,106168,106171,106173,106175],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,106161,299],{"class":284},[56,106163,288],{"class":75},[56,106165,56409],{"class":284},[56,106167,497],{"class":66},[56,106169,106170],{"class":237},"intersection",[56,106172,67],{"class":66},[56,106174,4232],{"class":237},[56,106176,241],{"class":66},[56,106178,106179,106181,106183,106185],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,106180,63],{"class":62},[56,106182,67],{"class":66},[56,106184,338],{"class":237},[56,106186,241],{"class":66},[56,106188,106189],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,106190,106191],{"class":3123},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[14,106193,153,106194,106196],{},[18,106195,102318],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[42,106198,12492,106200,12495],{"id":106199},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[18,106201,102318],{},[14,106203,106204,106206],{},[18,106205,102318],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[14,106208,12548],{},[26,106210,106211,106214,106216,106219],{},[29,106212,106213],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[29,106215,100088],{},[29,106217,106218],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[29,106220,106221],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[14,106223,95851,106224,497],{},[372,106225,95855],{"href":95854},[42,106227,220],{"id":219},[47,106229,106231],{"className":49,"code":106230,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[18,106232,106233],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106234,106235,106237,106239,106241,106243,106245],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106236,100112],{"class":284},[56,106238,497],{"class":66},[56,106240,106170],{"class":237},[56,106242,67],{"class":66},[56,106244,100121],{"class":237},[56,106246,241],{"class":66},[14,106248,106249],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[47,106251,106253],{"className":49,"code":106252,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[18,106254,106255],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106256,106257,106259,106261,106263,106265,106267,106269,106271],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106258,100112],{"class":284},[56,106260,497],{"class":66},[56,106262,106170],{"class":237},[56,106264,67],{"class":66},[56,106266,100121],{"class":237},[56,106268,1080],{"class":66},[56,106270,100148],{"class":237},[56,106272,241],{"class":66},[14,106274,106275],{},"Important notes:",[26,106277,106278,106281,106284],{},[29,106279,106280],{},"The result is always a new set",[29,106282,106283],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[29,106285,106286],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[14,106288,274],{},[47,106290,106292],{"className":49,"code":106291,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,106293,106294,106318,106338,106342,106360],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106295,106296,106298,106300,106302,106304,106306,106308,106310,106312,106314,106316],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106297,635],{"class":284},[56,106299,288],{"class":75},[56,106301,9980],{"class":66},[56,106303,1077],{"class":79},[56,106305,1080],{"class":66},[56,106307,1083],{"class":79},[56,106309,1080],{"class":66},[56,106311,529],{"class":79},[56,106313,1080],{"class":66},[56,106315,535],{"class":79},[56,106317,8797],{"class":66},[56,106319,106320,106322,106324,106326,106328,106330,106332,106334,106336],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,106321,663],{"class":284},[56,106323,288],{"class":75},[56,106325,9980],{"class":66},[56,106327,121],{"class":79},[56,106329,1080],{"class":66},[56,106331,535],{"class":79},[56,106333,1080],{"class":66},[56,106335,4075],{"class":79},[56,106337,8797],{"class":66},[56,106339,106340],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,106341,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,106343,106344,106346,106348,106350,106352,106354,106356,106358],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,106345,299],{"class":284},[56,106347,288],{"class":75},[56,106349,56409],{"class":284},[56,106351,497],{"class":66},[56,106353,106170],{"class":237},[56,106355,67],{"class":66},[56,106357,4232],{"class":237},[56,106359,241],{"class":66},[56,106361,106362,106364,106366,106368],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,106363,63],{"class":62},[56,106365,67],{"class":66},[56,106367,338],{"class":237},[56,106369,241],{"class":66},[14,106371,130],{},[47,106373,106375],{"className":49,"code":106374,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{3, 4}\n",[18,106376,106377],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106378,106379,106381,106383,106385,106387],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106380,8766],{"class":66},[56,106382,121],{"class":79},[56,106384,1080],{"class":66},[56,106386,535],{"class":79},[56,106388,8797],{"class":66},[42,106390,16919],{"id":16918},[14,106392,106393,21478,106395,497],{},[18,106394,102318],{},[3205,106396,5764],{},[14,106398,106399],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[47,106401,106403],{"className":49,"code":106402,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,106404,106405,106425,106445,106449,106467,106471,106481],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106406,106407,106409,106411,106413,106415,106417,106419,106421,106423],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106408,635],{"class":284},[56,106410,288],{"class":75},[56,106412,9980],{"class":66},[56,106414,1077],{"class":79},[56,106416,1080],{"class":66},[56,106418,1083],{"class":79},[56,106420,1080],{"class":66},[56,106422,529],{"class":79},[56,106424,8797],{"class":66},[56,106426,106427,106429,106431,106433,106435,106437,106439,106441,106443],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,106428,663],{"class":284},[56,106430,288],{"class":75},[56,106432,9980],{"class":66},[56,106434,115],{"class":79},[56,106436,1080],{"class":66},[56,106438,529],{"class":79},[56,106440,1080],{"class":66},[56,106442,535],{"class":79},[56,106444,8797],{"class":66},[56,106446,106447],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,106448,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,106450,106451,106453,106455,106457,106459,106461,106463,106465],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,106452,299],{"class":284},[56,106454,288],{"class":75},[56,106456,56409],{"class":284},[56,106458,497],{"class":66},[56,106460,106170],{"class":237},[56,106462,67],{"class":66},[56,106464,4232],{"class":237},[56,106466,241],{"class":66},[56,106468,106469],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,106470,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,106472,106473,106475,106477,106479],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,106474,63],{"class":62},[56,106476,67],{"class":66},[56,106478,338],{"class":237},[56,106480,241],{"class":66},[56,106482,106483,106485,106487,106489,106491,106493],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,106484,63],{"class":62},[56,106486,67],{"class":66},[56,106488,1314],{"class":989},[56,106490,67],{"class":66},[56,106492,338],{"class":237},[56,106494,83],{"class":66},[14,106496,130],{},[47,106498,106500],{"className":49,"code":106499,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[18,106501,106502,106514],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106503,106504,106506,106508,106510,106512],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106505,8766],{"class":66},[56,106507,115],{"class":79},[56,106509,1080],{"class":66},[56,106511,529],{"class":79},[56,106513,8797],{"class":66},[56,106515,106516,106518,106520,106522,106524,106526],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,106517,1383],{"class":75},[56,106519,1386],{"class":124},[56,106521,1389],{"class":937},[56,106523,5764],{"class":941},[56,106525,1394],{"class":937},[56,106527,1397],{"class":75},[14,106529,85336],{},[26,106531,106532,106535],{},[29,106533,106534],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[29,106536,106537],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[42,106539,10968],{"id":10967},[14,106541,106542],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[47,106544,106546],{"className":49,"code":106545,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[18,106547,106548,106581,106614,106618,106639,106643],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106549,106550,106553,106555,106557,106559,106561,106563,106565,106567,106569,106571,106573,106575,106577,106579],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106551,106552],{"class":284},"colors1 ",[56,106554,288],{"class":75},[56,106556,9980],{"class":66},[56,106558,938],{"class":937},[56,106560,12589],{"class":941},[56,106562,938],{"class":937},[56,106564,1080],{"class":66},[56,106566,1448],{"class":937},[56,106568,12606],{"class":941},[56,106570,938],{"class":937},[56,106572,1080],{"class":66},[56,106574,1448],{"class":937},[56,106576,16956],{"class":941},[56,106578,938],{"class":937},[56,106580,8797],{"class":66},[56,106582,106583,106586,106588,106590,106592,106594,106596,106598,106600,106602,106604,106606,106608,106610,106612],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,106584,106585],{"class":284},"colors2 ",[56,106587,288],{"class":75},[56,106589,9980],{"class":66},[56,106591,938],{"class":937},[56,106593,16956],{"class":941},[56,106595,938],{"class":937},[56,106597,1080],{"class":66},[56,106599,1448],{"class":937},[56,106601,22027],{"class":941},[56,106603,938],{"class":937},[56,106605,1080],{"class":66},[56,106607,1448],{"class":937},[56,106609,12606],{"class":941},[56,106611,938],{"class":937},[56,106613,8797],{"class":66},[56,106615,106616],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,106617,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,106619,106620,106623,106625,106628,106630,106632,106634,106637],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,106621,106622],{"class":284},"common_colors ",[56,106624,288],{"class":75},[56,106626,106627],{"class":284}," colors1",[56,106629,497],{"class":66},[56,106631,106170],{"class":237},[56,106633,67],{"class":66},[56,106635,106636],{"class":237},"colors2",[56,106638,241],{"class":66},[56,106640,106641],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,106642,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,106644,106645,106647,106649,106652],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,106646,63],{"class":62},[56,106648,67],{"class":66},[56,106650,106651],{"class":237},"common_colors",[56,106653,241],{"class":66},[14,106655,130],{},[47,106657,106659],{"className":49,"code":106658,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[18,106660,106661],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106662,106663,106665,106667,106669,106671,106673,106675,106677,106679],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106664,8766],{"class":66},[56,106666,1394],{"class":937},[56,106668,12606],{"class":941},[56,106670,1394],{"class":937},[56,106672,1080],{"class":66},[56,106674,1389],{"class":937},[56,106676,16956],{"class":941},[56,106678,1394],{"class":937},[56,106680,8797],{"class":66},[14,106682,11177],{},[26,106684,106685,106691,106695,106700],{},[29,106686,106687,106690],{},[18,106688,106689],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[29,106692,106693,106690],{},[18,106694,106636],{},[29,106696,106697,106699],{},[18,106698,102318],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[29,106701,106702,106703],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[18,106704,106651],{},[42,106706,7902,106708,100685],{"id":106707},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[18,106709,102318],{},[14,106711,106712,106713,497],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[18,106714,102318],{},[14,106716,106717,106718,106720],{},"Only the values found in ",[3205,106719,3177],{}," inputs will be kept.",[47,106722,106724],{"className":49,"code":106723,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[18,106725,106726,106750,106774,106794,106798,106820],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106727,106728,106730,106732,106734,106736,106738,106740,106742,106744,106746,106748],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106729,635],{"class":284},[56,106731,288],{"class":75},[56,106733,9980],{"class":66},[56,106735,1077],{"class":79},[56,106737,1080],{"class":66},[56,106739,1083],{"class":79},[56,106741,1080],{"class":66},[56,106743,529],{"class":79},[56,106745,1080],{"class":66},[56,106747,535],{"class":79},[56,106749,8797],{"class":66},[56,106751,106752,106754,106756,106758,106760,106762,106764,106766,106768,106770,106772],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,106753,663],{"class":284},[56,106755,288],{"class":75},[56,106757,9980],{"class":66},[56,106759,115],{"class":79},[56,106761,1080],{"class":66},[56,106763,529],{"class":79},[56,106765,1080],{"class":66},[56,106767,535],{"class":79},[56,106769,1080],{"class":66},[56,106771,4075],{"class":79},[56,106773,8797],{"class":66},[56,106775,106776,106778,106780,106782,106784,106786,106788,106790,106792],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,106777,82710],{"class":284},[56,106779,288],{"class":75},[56,106781,9980],{"class":66},[56,106783,121],{"class":79},[56,106785,1080],{"class":66},[56,106787,535],{"class":79},[56,106789,1080],{"class":66},[56,106791,37157],{"class":79},[56,106793,8797],{"class":66},[56,106795,106796],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,106797,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,106799,106800,106802,106804,106806,106808,106810,106812,106814,106816,106818],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,106801,299],{"class":284},[56,106803,288],{"class":75},[56,106805,56409],{"class":284},[56,106807,497],{"class":66},[56,106809,106170],{"class":237},[56,106811,67],{"class":66},[56,106813,4232],{"class":237},[56,106815,1080],{"class":66},[56,106817,9170],{"class":237},[56,106819,241],{"class":66},[56,106821,106822,106824,106826,106828],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,106823,63],{"class":62},[56,106825,67],{"class":66},[56,106827,338],{"class":237},[56,106829,241],{"class":66},[14,106831,130],{},[47,106833,106834],{"className":49,"code":106374,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,106835,106836],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106837,106838,106840,106842,106844,106846],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106839,8766],{"class":66},[56,106841,121],{"class":79},[56,106843,1080],{"class":66},[56,106845,535],{"class":79},[56,106847,8797],{"class":66},[14,106849,106850],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[14,106852,106853],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[47,106855,106857],{"className":49,"code":106856,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[18,106858,106859,106883,106887,106927],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106860,106861,106863,106865,106867,106869,106871,106873,106875,106877,106879,106881],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106862,635],{"class":284},[56,106864,288],{"class":75},[56,106866,9980],{"class":66},[56,106868,1077],{"class":79},[56,106870,1080],{"class":66},[56,106872,1083],{"class":79},[56,106874,1080],{"class":66},[56,106876,529],{"class":79},[56,106878,1080],{"class":66},[56,106880,535],{"class":79},[56,106882,8797],{"class":66},[56,106884,106885],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,106886,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,106888,106889,106891,106893,106895,106897,106899,106901,106903,106905,106907,106909,106911,106913,106915,106917,106919,106921,106923,106925],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,106890,299],{"class":284},[56,106892,288],{"class":75},[56,106894,56409],{"class":284},[56,106896,497],{"class":66},[56,106898,106170],{"class":237},[56,106900,1074],{"class":66},[56,106902,115],{"class":79},[56,106904,1080],{"class":66},[56,106906,535],{"class":79},[56,106908,1080],{"class":66},[56,106910,37157],{"class":79},[56,106912,17563],{"class":66},[56,106914,8724],{"class":66},[56,106916,1077],{"class":79},[56,106918,1080],{"class":66},[56,106920,1083],{"class":79},[56,106922,1080],{"class":66},[56,106924,535],{"class":79},[56,106926,83],{"class":66},[56,106928,106929,106931,106933,106935],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,106930,63],{"class":62},[56,106932,67],{"class":66},[56,106934,338],{"class":237},[56,106936,241],{"class":66},[14,106938,130],{},[47,106940,106942],{"className":49,"code":106941,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{2, 4}\n",[18,106943,106944],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106945,106946,106948,106950,106952,106954],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106947,8766],{"class":66},[56,106949,115],{"class":79},[56,106951,1080],{"class":66},[56,106953,535],{"class":79},[56,106955,8797],{"class":66},[42,106957,106959,10075,106961],{"id":106958},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[18,106960,102318],{},[18,106962,106963],{},"intersection_update()",[14,106965,100855],{},[615,106967,106968],{"id":106170},[18,106969,102318],{},[26,106971,106972,106974],{},[29,106973,100864],{},[29,106975,100867],{},[47,106977,106979],{"className":49,"code":106978,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[18,106980,106981,107001,107021,107025,107043,107047,107057],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,106982,106983,106985,106987,106989,106991,106993,106995,106997,106999],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,106984,635],{"class":284},[56,106986,288],{"class":75},[56,106988,9980],{"class":66},[56,106990,1077],{"class":79},[56,106992,1080],{"class":66},[56,106994,1083],{"class":79},[56,106996,1080],{"class":66},[56,106998,529],{"class":79},[56,107000,8797],{"class":66},[56,107002,107003,107005,107007,107009,107011,107013,107015,107017,107019],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,107004,663],{"class":284},[56,107006,288],{"class":75},[56,107008,9980],{"class":66},[56,107010,115],{"class":79},[56,107012,1080],{"class":66},[56,107014,529],{"class":79},[56,107016,1080],{"class":66},[56,107018,535],{"class":79},[56,107020,8797],{"class":66},[56,107022,107023],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,107024,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,107026,107027,107029,107031,107033,107035,107037,107039,107041],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,107028,299],{"class":284},[56,107030,288],{"class":75},[56,107032,56409],{"class":284},[56,107034,497],{"class":66},[56,107036,106170],{"class":237},[56,107038,67],{"class":66},[56,107040,4232],{"class":237},[56,107042,241],{"class":66},[56,107044,107045],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,107046,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,107048,107049,107051,107053,107055],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,107050,63],{"class":62},[56,107052,67],{"class":66},[56,107054,372],{"class":237},[56,107056,241],{"class":66},[56,107058,107059,107061,107063,107065],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,107060,63],{"class":62},[56,107062,67],{"class":66},[56,107064,338],{"class":237},[56,107066,241],{"class":66},[14,107068,130],{},[47,107070,107072],{"className":49,"code":107071,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[18,107073,107074,107090],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107075,107076,107078,107080,107082,107084,107086,107088],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107077,8766],{"class":66},[56,107079,1077],{"class":79},[56,107081,1080],{"class":66},[56,107083,1083],{"class":79},[56,107085,1080],{"class":66},[56,107087,529],{"class":79},[56,107089,8797],{"class":66},[56,107091,107092,107094,107096,107098,107100],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,107093,8766],{"class":66},[56,107095,115],{"class":79},[56,107097,1080],{"class":66},[56,107099,529],{"class":79},[56,107101,8797],{"class":66},[615,107103,107105],{"id":107104},"intersection_update",[18,107106,106963],{},[26,107108,107109,107111],{},[29,107110,101007],{},[29,107112,107113],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[47,107115,107117],{"className":49,"code":107116,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[18,107118,107119,107139,107159,107163,107177,107181],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107120,107121,107123,107125,107127,107129,107131,107133,107135,107137],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107122,635],{"class":284},[56,107124,288],{"class":75},[56,107126,9980],{"class":66},[56,107128,1077],{"class":79},[56,107130,1080],{"class":66},[56,107132,1083],{"class":79},[56,107134,1080],{"class":66},[56,107136,529],{"class":79},[56,107138,8797],{"class":66},[56,107140,107141,107143,107145,107147,107149,107151,107153,107155,107157],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,107142,663],{"class":284},[56,107144,288],{"class":75},[56,107146,9980],{"class":66},[56,107148,115],{"class":79},[56,107150,1080],{"class":66},[56,107152,529],{"class":79},[56,107154,1080],{"class":66},[56,107156,535],{"class":79},[56,107158,8797],{"class":66},[56,107160,107161],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,107162,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,107164,107165,107167,107169,107171,107173,107175],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,107166,372],{"class":284},[56,107168,497],{"class":66},[56,107170,107104],{"class":237},[56,107172,67],{"class":66},[56,107174,4232],{"class":237},[56,107176,241],{"class":66},[56,107178,107179],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,107180,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,107182,107183,107185,107187,107189],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,107184,63],{"class":62},[56,107186,67],{"class":66},[56,107188,372],{"class":237},[56,107190,241],{"class":66},[14,107192,130],{},[47,107194,107196],{"className":49,"code":107195,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{2, 3}\n",[18,107197,107198],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107199,107200,107202,107204,107206,107208],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107201,8766],{"class":66},[56,107203,115],{"class":79},[56,107205,1080],{"class":66},[56,107207,529],{"class":79},[56,107209,8797],{"class":66},[14,107211,107212,107213,107215],{},"Choose ",[18,107214,102318],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[42,107217,3988],{"id":3987},[14,107219,14231,107220,971],{},[18,107221,102318],{},[26,107223,107224,107227,107230,107233],{},[29,107225,107226],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[29,107228,107229],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[29,107231,107232],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[29,107234,107235,107236],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[18,107237,102318],{},[14,107239,107240],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[26,107242,107243,107248,107251,107264],{},[29,107244,7902,107245,107247],{},[18,107246,102318],{}," when order matters",[29,107249,107250],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[29,107252,36717,107253,8191,107255,964,107260],{},[18,107254,102318],{},[372,107256,107258],{"href":107257},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[18,107259,102326],{},[372,107261,107262],{"href":102367},[18,107263,99941],{},[29,107265,107266],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[14,107268,29642],{},[47,107270,107272],{"className":49,"code":107271,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[18,107273,107274,107284,107298,107316],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107275,107276,107278,107280,107282],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107277,63],{"class":62},[56,107279,67],{"class":66},[56,107281,15165],{"class":237},[56,107283,241],{"class":66},[56,107285,107286,107288,107290,107292,107294,107296],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,107287,63],{"class":62},[56,107289,67],{"class":66},[56,107291,1314],{"class":989},[56,107293,67],{"class":66},[56,107295,338],{"class":237},[56,107297,83],{"class":66},[56,107299,107300,107302,107304,107306,107308,107310,107312,107314],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,107301,63],{"class":62},[56,107303,67],{"class":66},[56,107305,100112],{"class":237},[56,107307,497],{"class":66},[56,107309,106170],{"class":237},[56,107311,67],{"class":66},[56,107313,100121],{"class":237},[56,107315,83],{"class":66},[56,107317,107318,107320,107322,107324,107326,107328],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,107319,63],{"class":62},[56,107321,67],{"class":66},[56,107323,10653],{"class":62},[56,107325,67],{"class":66},[56,107327,338],{"class":237},[56,107329,83],{"class":66},[14,107331,274],{},[47,107333,107335],{"className":49,"code":107334,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[18,107336,107337,107361,107381,107385,107403,107407,107417,107427,107441],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107338,107339,107341,107343,107345,107347,107349,107351,107353,107355,107357,107359],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107340,3075],{"class":284},[56,107342,288],{"class":75},[56,107344,9980],{"class":66},[56,107346,1077],{"class":79},[56,107348,1080],{"class":66},[56,107350,1083],{"class":79},[56,107352,1080],{"class":66},[56,107354,1083],{"class":79},[56,107356,1080],{"class":66},[56,107358,529],{"class":79},[56,107360,8797],{"class":66},[56,107362,107363,107365,107367,107369,107371,107373,107375,107377,107379],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,107364,43066],{"class":284},[56,107366,288],{"class":75},[56,107368,9980],{"class":66},[56,107370,115],{"class":79},[56,107372,1080],{"class":66},[56,107374,529],{"class":79},[56,107376,1080],{"class":66},[56,107378,535],{"class":79},[56,107380,8797],{"class":66},[56,107382,107383],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,107384,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,107386,107387,107389,107391,107393,107395,107397,107399,107401],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,107388,299],{"class":284},[56,107390,288],{"class":75},[56,107392,3731],{"class":284},[56,107394,497],{"class":66},[56,107396,106170],{"class":237},[56,107398,67],{"class":66},[56,107400,30250],{"class":237},[56,107402,241],{"class":66},[56,107404,107405],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,107406,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,107408,107409,107411,107413,107415],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,107410,63],{"class":62},[56,107412,67],{"class":66},[56,107414,3107],{"class":237},[56,107416,241],{"class":66},[56,107418,107419,107421,107423,107425],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,107420,63],{"class":62},[56,107422,67],{"class":66},[56,107424,338],{"class":237},[56,107426,241],{"class":66},[56,107428,107429,107431,107433,107435,107437,107439],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,107430,63],{"class":62},[56,107432,67],{"class":66},[56,107434,1314],{"class":989},[56,107436,67],{"class":66},[56,107438,338],{"class":237},[56,107440,83],{"class":66},[56,107442,107443,107445,107447,107449,107451,107453],{"class":58,"line":5910},[56,107444,63],{"class":62},[56,107446,67],{"class":66},[56,107448,10653],{"class":62},[56,107450,67],{"class":66},[56,107452,338],{"class":237},[56,107454,83],{"class":66},[14,107456,130],{},[47,107458,107460],{"className":49,"code":107459,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[18,107461,107462,107478,107490,107504],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107463,107464,107466,107468,107470,107472,107474,107476],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107465,8766],{"class":66},[56,107467,1077],{"class":79},[56,107469,1080],{"class":66},[56,107471,1083],{"class":79},[56,107473,1080],{"class":66},[56,107475,529],{"class":79},[56,107477,8797],{"class":66},[56,107479,107480,107482,107484,107486,107488],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,107481,8766],{"class":66},[56,107483,115],{"class":79},[56,107485,1080],{"class":66},[56,107487,529],{"class":79},[56,107489,8797],{"class":66},[56,107491,107492,107494,107496,107498,107500,107502],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,107493,1383],{"class":75},[56,107495,1386],{"class":124},[56,107497,1389],{"class":937},[56,107499,5764],{"class":941},[56,107501,1394],{"class":937},[56,107503,1397],{"class":75},[56,107505,107506],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,107507,16556],{"class":79},[14,107509,107510,107511,107513],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[18,107512,115],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[42,107515,1553],{"id":1552},[615,107517,12199,107519,102266],{"id":107518},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[18,107520,102318],{},[14,107522,102269],{},[615,107524,4643,107526,107528],{"id":107525},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[18,107527,102318],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[14,107530,107531],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[615,107533,107535],{"id":107534},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[14,107537,107538],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[615,107540,107542],{"id":107541},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[14,107544,107545],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[47,107547,107548],{"className":49,"code":96985,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,107549,107550],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107551,107552,107554],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107553,5764],{"class":989},[56,107555,8129],{"class":66},[42,107557,1601],{"id":1600},[26,107559,107560,107564,107571,107577],{},[29,107561,107562],{},[372,107563,95855],{"href":95854},[29,107565,107566],{},[372,107567,3031,107568,10231],{"href":107257},[18,107569,107570],{},"set.union()",[29,107572,107573],{},[372,107574,3031,107575,10231],{"href":102367},[18,107576,99946],{},[29,107578,107579],{},[372,107580,99871],{"href":104870},[1633,107582,107583],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":107585},[107586,107588,107589,107590,107591,107593,107598,107599,107607],{"id":106199,"depth":86,"text":107587},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":16918,"depth":86,"text":16919},{"id":10967,"depth":86,"text":10968},{"id":106707,"depth":86,"text":107592},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":106958,"depth":86,"text":107594,"children":107595},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107596,107597],{"id":106170,"depth":102,"text":102318},{"id":107104,"depth":102,"text":106963},{"id":3987,"depth":86,"text":3988},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":107600},[107601,107603,107605,107606],{"id":107518,"depth":102,"text":107602},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107525,"depth":102,"text":107604},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107534,"depth":102,"text":107535},{"id":107541,"depth":102,"text":107542},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106092,"description":107608},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107615,"title":107616,"body":107617,"description":108853,"extension":1665,"meta":108854,"navigation":316,"path":108855,"seo":108856,"stem":108857,"__hash__":108858},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107618,"toc":108820},[107619,107624,107630,107639,107641,107716,107721,107736,107746,107751,107755,107768,107772,107774,107789,107791,107807,107809,107884,107888,107891,107893,107910,107915,107970,107975,107987,107991,107994,108095,108097,108138,108141,108145,108152,108154,108179,108182,108200,108207,108213,108216,108298,108305,108308,108388,108397,108400,108405,108409,108423,108472,108477,108481,108492,108541,108552,108557,108561,108573,108622,108633,108635,108639,108662,108664,108721,108723,108737,108739,108745,108751,108757,108766,108770,108777,108781,108789,108791,108817],[10,107620,95727,107622,10814],{"id":107621},"python-set-pop-method",[18,107623,12258],{},[14,107625,107626,107629],{},[18,107627,107628],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[14,107631,107632,107633,107635,107636,107638],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[3205,107634,4101],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[18,107637,12258],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[42,107640,45],{"id":44},[47,107642,107644],{"className":49,"code":107643,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[18,107645,107646,107678,107692,107696,107706],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107647,107648,107650,107652,107654,107656,107658,107660,107662,107664,107666,107668,107670,107672,107674,107676],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107649,7261],{"class":284},[56,107651,288],{"class":75},[56,107653,9980],{"class":66},[56,107655,938],{"class":937},[56,107657,3546],{"class":941},[56,107659,938],{"class":937},[56,107661,1080],{"class":66},[56,107663,1448],{"class":937},[56,107665,3555],{"class":941},[56,107667,938],{"class":937},[56,107669,1080],{"class":66},[56,107671,1448],{"class":937},[56,107673,3564],{"class":941},[56,107675,938],{"class":937},[56,107677,8797],{"class":66},[56,107679,107680,107682,107684,107686,107688,107690],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,107681,69458],{"class":284},[56,107683,288],{"class":75},[56,107685,5442],{"class":284},[56,107687,497],{"class":66},[56,107689,25746],{"class":237},[56,107691,8129],{"class":66},[56,107693,107694],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,107695,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,107697,107698,107700,107702,107704],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,107699,63],{"class":62},[56,107701,67],{"class":66},[56,107703,69481],{"class":237},[56,107705,241],{"class":66},[56,107707,107708,107710,107712,107714],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,107709,63],{"class":62},[56,107711,67],{"class":66},[56,107713,7292],{"class":237},[56,107715,241],{"class":66},[14,107717,107718],{},[3205,107719,107720],{},"What this does:",[26,107722,107723,107728,107733],{},[29,107724,107725,107726],{},"Removes one item from ",[18,107727,7292],{},[29,107729,107730,107731],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[18,107732,69481],{},[29,107734,107735],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[14,107737,107738,88487,107740,107742,107743,107745],{},[3205,107739,83345],{},[18,107741,107628],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[3205,107744,4101],{}," chosen by index.",[42,107747,3138,107749,3141],{"id":107748},"what-setpop-does",[18,107750,107628],{},[14,107752,107753,971],{},[18,107754,107628],{},[26,107756,107757,107759,107762,107765],{},[29,107758,102569],{},[29,107760,107761],{},"Returns the removed item",[29,107763,107764],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[29,107766,107767],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[14,107769,95851,107770,497],{},[372,107771,95855],{"href":97026},[42,107773,220],{"id":219},[47,107775,107777],{"className":49,"code":107776,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set.pop()\n",[18,107778,107779],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107780,107781,107783,107785,107787],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107782,15165],{"class":284},[56,107784,497],{"class":66},[56,107786,25746],{"class":237},[56,107788,8129],{"class":66},[14,107790,12548],{},[26,107792,107793,107799,107804],{},[29,107794,107795,107796],{},"The syntax is ",[18,107797,107798],{},"my_set.pop()",[29,107800,107801,107802],{},"It takes ",[3205,107803,28194],{},[29,107805,107806],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[14,107808,274],{},[47,107810,107812],{"className":49,"code":107811,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[18,107813,107814,107846,107860,107864,107874],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107815,107816,107818,107820,107822,107824,107826,107828,107830,107832,107834,107836,107838,107840,107842,107844],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107817,12572],{"class":284},[56,107819,288],{"class":75},[56,107821,9980],{"class":66},[56,107823,938],{"class":937},[56,107825,12589],{"class":941},[56,107827,938],{"class":937},[56,107829,1080],{"class":66},[56,107831,1448],{"class":937},[56,107833,12606],{"class":941},[56,107835,938],{"class":937},[56,107837,1080],{"class":66},[56,107839,1448],{"class":937},[56,107841,16956],{"class":941},[56,107843,938],{"class":937},[56,107845,8797],{"class":66},[56,107847,107848,107850,107852,107854,107856,107858],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,107849,28044],{"class":284},[56,107851,288],{"class":75},[56,107853,12620],{"class":284},[56,107855,497],{"class":66},[56,107857,25746],{"class":237},[56,107859,8129],{"class":66},[56,107861,107862],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,107863,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,107865,107866,107868,107870,107872],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,107867,63],{"class":62},[56,107869,67],{"class":66},[56,107871,22814],{"class":237},[56,107873,241],{"class":66},[56,107875,107876,107878,107880,107882],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,107877,63],{"class":62},[56,107879,67],{"class":66},[56,107881,17003],{"class":237},[56,107883,241],{"class":66},[42,107885,107887],{"id":107886},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[14,107889,107890],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[14,107892,168],{},[26,107894,107895,107901,107904],{},[29,107896,107897,107898,107900],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[18,107899,12258],{}," removes",[29,107902,107903],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[29,107905,107906,107907,107909],{},"You should not use ",[18,107908,12258],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[14,107911,9950,107912,107914],{},[3205,107913,4101],{}," valid:",[47,107916,107918],{"className":49,"code":107917,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[18,107919,107920,107952],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,107921,107922,107924,107926,107928,107930,107932,107934,107936,107938,107940,107942,107944,107946,107948,107950],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,107923,35751],{"class":284},[56,107925,288],{"class":75},[56,107927,9980],{"class":66},[56,107929,938],{"class":937},[56,107931,3546],{"class":941},[56,107933,938],{"class":937},[56,107935,1080],{"class":66},[56,107937,1448],{"class":937},[56,107939,3555],{"class":941},[56,107941,938],{"class":937},[56,107943,1080],{"class":66},[56,107945,1448],{"class":937},[56,107947,3564],{"class":941},[56,107949,938],{"class":937},[56,107951,8797],{"class":66},[56,107953,107954,107956,107958,107960,107962,107964,107966,107968],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,107955,35803],{"class":284},[56,107957,497],{"class":66},[56,107959,25746],{"class":237},[56,107961,67],{"class":66},[56,107963,938],{"class":937},[56,107965,3546],{"class":941},[56,107967,938],{"class":937},[56,107969,241],{"class":66},[14,107971,39168,107972,107974],{},[18,107973,107628],{}," does not accept a value.",[14,107976,107977,107978,964,107982,497],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[372,107979,107980],{"href":97736},[18,107981,102395],{},[372,107983,107985],{"href":107984},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[18,107986,102386],{},[42,107988,107990],{"id":107989},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[14,107992,107993],{},"Here is a simple example:",[47,107995,107997],{"className":49,"code":107996,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[18,107998,107999,108033,108037,108053,108057,108076],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108000,108001,108004,108006,108008,108010,108012,108014,108016,108018,108020,108022,108024,108026,108029,108031],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108002,108003],{"class":284},"animals ",[56,108005,288],{"class":75},[56,108007,9980],{"class":66},[56,108009,938],{"class":937},[56,108011,36560],{"class":941},[56,108013,938],{"class":937},[56,108015,1080],{"class":66},[56,108017,1448],{"class":937},[56,108019,57649],{"class":941},[56,108021,938],{"class":937},[56,108023,1080],{"class":66},[56,108025,1448],{"class":937},[56,108027,108028],{"class":941},"rabbit",[56,108030,938],{"class":937},[56,108032,8797],{"class":66},[56,108034,108035],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,108036,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,108038,108039,108042,108044,108047,108049,108051],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,108040,108041],{"class":284},"removed_animal ",[56,108043,288],{"class":75},[56,108045,108046],{"class":284}," animals",[56,108048,497],{"class":66},[56,108050,25746],{"class":237},[56,108052,8129],{"class":66},[56,108054,108055],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,108056,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,108058,108059,108061,108063,108065,108067,108069,108071,108074],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,108060,63],{"class":62},[56,108062,67],{"class":66},[56,108064,938],{"class":937},[56,108066,28462],{"class":941},[56,108068,938],{"class":937},[56,108070,1080],{"class":66},[56,108072,108073],{"class":237}," removed_animal",[56,108075,241],{"class":66},[56,108077,108078,108080,108082,108084,108087,108089,108091,108093],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,108079,63],{"class":62},[56,108081,67],{"class":66},[56,108083,938],{"class":937},[56,108085,108086],{"class":941},"Updated set:",[56,108088,938],{"class":937},[56,108090,1080],{"class":66},[56,108092,108046],{"class":237},[56,108094,241],{"class":66},[14,108096,29536],{},[47,108098,108100],{"className":49,"code":108099,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[18,108101,108102,108111],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108103,108104,108106,108108],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108105,28504],{"class":284},[56,108107,971],{"class":66},[56,108109,108110],{"class":284}," dog\n",[56,108112,108113,108116,108118,108120,108122,108124,108126,108128,108130,108132,108134,108136],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,108114,108115],{"class":284},"Updated ",[56,108117,5764],{"class":989},[56,108119,971],{"class":66},[56,108121,9980],{"class":66},[56,108123,1394],{"class":937},[56,108125,36560],{"class":941},[56,108127,1394],{"class":937},[56,108129,1080],{"class":66},[56,108131,1389],{"class":937},[56,108133,108028],{"class":941},[56,108135,1394],{"class":937},[56,108137,8797],{"class":66},[14,108139,108140],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[42,108142,108144],{"id":108143},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[14,108146,29156,108147,108149,108150,497],{},[18,108148,12258],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[18,108151,19189],{},[14,108153,274],{},[47,108155,108157],{"className":49,"code":108156,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[18,108158,108159,108169],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108160,108161,108163,108165,108167],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108162,7261],{"class":284},[56,108164,288],{"class":75},[56,108166,15132],{"class":989},[56,108168,8129],{"class":66},[56,108170,108171,108173,108175,108177],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,108172,7292],{"class":284},[56,108174,497],{"class":66},[56,108176,25746],{"class":237},[56,108178,8129],{"class":66},[14,108180,108181],{},"This raises:",[47,108183,108185],{"className":49,"code":108184,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[18,108186,108187],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108188,108189,108191,108193,108195,108198],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108190,19189],{"class":989},[56,108192,971],{"class":66},[56,108194,1389],{"class":937},[56,108196,108197],{"class":941},"pop from an empty set",[56,108199,29206],{"class":937},[14,108201,108202,108203,108206],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[372,108204,108205],{"href":10565},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[615,108208,108210,108211],{"id":108209},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[18,108212,12258],{},[14,108214,108215],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[47,108217,108219],{"className":49,"code":108218,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[18,108220,108221,108231,108235,108243,108258,108277,108283],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108222,108223,108225,108227,108229],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108224,7261],{"class":284},[56,108226,288],{"class":75},[56,108228,15132],{"class":989},[56,108230,8129],{"class":66},[56,108232,108233],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,108234,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,108236,108237,108239,108241],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,108238,6477],{"class":3341},[56,108240,5442],{"class":284},[56,108242,5871],{"class":66},[56,108244,108245,108248,108250,108252,108254,108256],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,108246,108247],{"class":284},"    removed ",[56,108249,288],{"class":75},[56,108251,5442],{"class":284},[56,108253,497],{"class":66},[56,108255,25746],{"class":237},[56,108257,8129],{"class":66},[56,108259,108260,108262,108264,108266,108268,108270,108272,108275],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,108261,7552],{"class":62},[56,108263,67],{"class":66},[56,108265,938],{"class":937},[56,108267,28462],{"class":941},[56,108269,938],{"class":937},[56,108271,1080],{"class":66},[56,108273,108274],{"class":237}," removed",[56,108276,241],{"class":66},[56,108278,108279,108281],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,108280,26939],{"class":3341},[56,108282,5871],{"class":66},[56,108284,108285,108287,108289,108291,108294,108296],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,108286,7552],{"class":62},[56,108288,67],{"class":66},[56,108290,938],{"class":937},[56,108292,108293],{"class":941},"The set is empty.",[56,108295,938],{"class":937},[56,108297,241],{"class":66},[615,108299,153,108301,3862,108303],{"id":108300},"use-try-and-except",[18,108302,29310],{},[18,108304,29341],{},[14,108306,108307],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[47,108309,108311],{"className":49,"code":108310,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[18,108312,108313,108323,108327,108333,108347,108365,108373],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108314,108315,108317,108319,108321],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108316,7261],{"class":284},[56,108318,288],{"class":75},[56,108320,15132],{"class":989},[56,108322,8129],{"class":66},[56,108324,108325],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,108326,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,108328,108329,108331],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,108330,29310],{"class":3341},[56,108332,5871],{"class":66},[56,108334,108335,108337,108339,108341,108343,108345],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,108336,108247],{"class":284},[56,108338,288],{"class":75},[56,108340,5442],{"class":284},[56,108342,497],{"class":66},[56,108344,25746],{"class":237},[56,108346,8129],{"class":66},[56,108348,108349,108351,108353,108355,108357,108359,108361,108363],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,108350,7552],{"class":62},[56,108352,67],{"class":66},[56,108354,938],{"class":937},[56,108356,28462],{"class":941},[56,108358,938],{"class":937},[56,108360,1080],{"class":66},[56,108362,108274],{"class":237},[56,108364,241],{"class":66},[56,108366,108367,108369,108371],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,108368,29341],{"class":3341},[56,108370,29344],{"class":989},[56,108372,5871],{"class":66},[56,108374,108375,108377,108379,108381,108384,108386],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,108376,7552],{"class":62},[56,108378,67],{"class":66},[56,108380,938],{"class":937},[56,108382,108383],{"class":941},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[56,108385,938],{"class":937},[56,108387,241],{"class":66},[42,108389,4433,108391,10075,108393,10075,108395],{"id":108390},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[18,108392,12258],{},[18,108394,55050],{},[18,108396,102381],{},[14,108398,108399],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[615,108401,153,108403],{"id":108402},"use-pop",[18,108404,12258],{},[14,108406,153,108407,10091],{},[18,108408,12258],{},[26,108410,108411,108417,108420],{},[29,108412,108413,108414],{},"You want to remove ",[3205,108415,108416],{},"any one item",[29,108418,108419],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[29,108421,108422],{},"You want the removed item returned",[47,108424,108426],{"className":49,"code":108425,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[18,108427,108428,108448,108462],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108429,108430,108432,108434,108436,108438,108440,108442,108444,108446],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108431,3075],{"class":284},[56,108433,288],{"class":75},[56,108435,9980],{"class":66},[56,108437,1077],{"class":79},[56,108439,1080],{"class":66},[56,108441,1083],{"class":79},[56,108443,1080],{"class":66},[56,108445,529],{"class":79},[56,108447,8797],{"class":66},[56,108449,108450,108452,108454,108456,108458,108460],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,108451,524],{"class":284},[56,108453,288],{"class":75},[56,108455,3731],{"class":284},[56,108457,497],{"class":66},[56,108459,25746],{"class":237},[56,108461,8129],{"class":66},[56,108463,108464,108466,108468,108470],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,108465,63],{"class":62},[56,108467,67],{"class":66},[56,108469,551],{"class":237},[56,108471,241],{"class":66},[615,108473,153,108475],{"id":108474},"use-remove",[18,108476,55050],{},[14,108478,153,108479,10091],{},[18,108480,55050],{},[26,108482,108483,108489],{},[29,108484,108485,108486],{},"You want to delete a ",[3205,108487,108488],{},"specific item",[29,108490,108491],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[47,108493,108495],{"className":49,"code":108494,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,108496,108497,108517,108531],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108498,108499,108501,108503,108505,108507,108509,108511,108513,108515],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108500,3075],{"class":284},[56,108502,288],{"class":75},[56,108504,9980],{"class":66},[56,108506,1077],{"class":79},[56,108508,1080],{"class":66},[56,108510,1083],{"class":79},[56,108512,1080],{"class":66},[56,108514,529],{"class":79},[56,108516,8797],{"class":66},[56,108518,108519,108521,108523,108525,108527,108529],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,108520,3107],{"class":284},[56,108522,497],{"class":66},[56,108524,34304],{"class":237},[56,108526,67],{"class":66},[56,108528,115],{"class":79},[56,108530,241],{"class":66},[56,108532,108533,108535,108537,108539],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,108534,63],{"class":62},[56,108536,67],{"class":66},[56,108538,3107],{"class":237},[56,108540,241],{"class":66},[14,108542,108543,108544,108546,108547,108551],{},"If the item is missing, ",[18,108545,55050],{}," raises an error. See the ",[372,108548,108549,10231],{"href":97736},[18,108550,102395],{}," for details.",[615,108553,153,108555],{"id":108554},"use-discard",[18,108556,102381],{},[14,108558,153,108559,10091],{},[18,108560,102381],{},[26,108562,108563,108567],{},[29,108564,108485,108565],{},[3205,108566,108488],{},[29,108568,108569,108570,108572],{},"You do ",[3205,108571,4101],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[47,108574,108576],{"className":49,"code":108575,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,108577,108578,108598,108612],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108579,108580,108582,108584,108586,108588,108590,108592,108594,108596],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108581,3075],{"class":284},[56,108583,288],{"class":75},[56,108585,9980],{"class":66},[56,108587,1077],{"class":79},[56,108589,1080],{"class":66},[56,108591,1083],{"class":79},[56,108593,1080],{"class":66},[56,108595,529],{"class":79},[56,108597,8797],{"class":66},[56,108599,108600,108602,108604,108606,108608,108610],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,108601,3107],{"class":284},[56,108603,497],{"class":66},[56,108605,102448],{"class":237},[56,108607,67],{"class":66},[56,108609,198],{"class":79},[56,108611,241],{"class":66},[56,108613,108614,108616,108618,108620],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,108615,63],{"class":62},[56,108617,67],{"class":66},[56,108619,3107],{"class":237},[56,108621,241],{"class":66},[14,108623,108624,108625,108627,108628,108632],{},"This does nothing if ",[18,108626,198],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[372,108629,108630,10231],{"href":107984},[18,108631,102386],{}," for more examples.",[42,108634,912],{"id":911},[14,108636,71004,108637,971],{},[18,108638,107628],{},[26,108640,108641,108647,108652,108657],{},[29,108642,108643,108644],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[18,108645,108646],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[29,108648,7938,108649,108651],{},[18,108650,12258],{}," to remove the first or last item",[29,108653,29156,108654,108656],{},[18,108655,12258],{}," on an empty set",[29,108658,7902,108659,108661],{},[18,108660,12258],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[14,108663,61818],{},[47,108665,108667],{"className":49,"code":108666,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[18,108668,108669,108679,108693,108707],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108670,108671,108673,108675,108677],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108672,63],{"class":62},[56,108674,67],{"class":66},[56,108676,15165],{"class":237},[56,108678,241],{"class":66},[56,108680,108681,108683,108685,108687,108689,108691],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,108682,63],{"class":62},[56,108684,67],{"class":66},[56,108686,10653],{"class":62},[56,108688,67],{"class":66},[56,108690,15165],{"class":237},[56,108692,83],{"class":66},[56,108694,108695,108697,108699,108701,108703,108705],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,108696,63],{"class":62},[56,108698,67],{"class":66},[56,108700,1314],{"class":989},[56,108702,67],{"class":66},[56,108704,15165],{"class":237},[56,108706,83],{"class":66},[56,108708,108709,108711,108713,108715,108717,108719],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,108710,28044],{"class":284},[56,108712,288],{"class":75},[56,108714,96451],{"class":284},[56,108716,497],{"class":66},[56,108718,25746],{"class":237},[56,108720,8129],{"class":66},[14,108722,25513],{},[26,108724,108725,108728,108731,108734],{},[29,108726,108727],{},"What values are in the set",[29,108729,108730],{},"Whether the set is empty",[29,108732,108733],{},"That the object is really a set",[29,108735,108736],{},"What value was actually removed",[42,108738,1553],{"id":1552},[615,108740,12199,108742,108744],{"id":108741},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[18,108743,107628],{}," remove the first item?",[14,108746,108747,108748,108750],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[18,108749,12258],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[615,108752,108754,108755,571],{"id":108753},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[18,108756,107628],{},[14,108758,108759,108760,108762,108763,108765],{},"No. Unlike list ",[18,108761,12258],{},", set ",[18,108764,12258],{}," does not accept an index.",[615,108767,108769],{"id":108768},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[14,108771,71173,108772,44147,108774,108776],{},[18,108773,19189],{},[18,108775,12258],{}," is called on an empty set.",[615,108778,108780],{"id":108779},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[14,108782,153,108783,964,108785,10583,108787,497],{},[18,108784,55050],{},[18,108786,102381],{},[18,108788,12258],{},[42,108790,1601],{"id":1600},[26,108792,108793,108797,108803,108809,108813],{},[29,108794,108795],{},[372,108796,95855],{"href":97026},[29,108798,108799],{},[372,108800,96341,108801,10231],{"href":97736},[18,108802,55050],{},[29,108804,108805],{},[372,108806,96341,108807,10231],{"href":107984},[18,108808,102381],{},[29,108810,108811],{},[372,108812,10754],{"href":10565},[29,108814,108815],{},[372,108816,55036],{"href":54588},[1633,108818,108819],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":108821},[108822,108823,108825,108826,108827,108828,108834,108843,108844,108852],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":107748,"depth":86,"text":108824},"What set.pop() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":107886,"depth":86,"text":107887},{"id":107989,"depth":86,"text":107990},{"id":108143,"depth":86,"text":108144,"children":108829},[108830,108832],{"id":108209,"depth":102,"text":108831},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108300,"depth":102,"text":108833},"Use try and except",{"id":108390,"depth":86,"text":108835,"children":108836},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[108837,108839,108841],{"id":108402,"depth":102,"text":108838},"Use pop()",{"id":108474,"depth":102,"text":108840},"Use remove()",{"id":108554,"depth":102,"text":108842},"Use discard()",{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":108845},[108846,108848,108850,108851],{"id":108741,"depth":102,"text":108847},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108753,"depth":102,"text":108849},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":108768,"depth":102,"text":108769},{"id":108779,"depth":102,"text":108780},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107616,"description":108853},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":108860,"title":108861,"body":108862,"description":110016,"extension":1665,"meta":110017,"navigation":316,"path":110018,"seo":110019,"stem":110020,"__hash__":110021},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":108863,"toc":109984},[108864,108869,108874,108883,108885,108950,108954,108978,108985,108990,108994,109009,109012,109014,109033,109047,109050,109098,109102,109118,109120,109193,109197,109222,109228,109236,109240,109247,109302,109307,109324,109330,109336,109341,109349,109356,109360,109368,109423,109425,109442,109446,109453,109518,109522,109555,109557,109569,109576,109578,109583,109590,109592,109661,109665,109673,109675,109739,109743,109748,109795,109800,109868,109876,109883,109886,109892,109897,109901,109903,109906,109908,109913,109918,109924,109929,109936,109944,109950,109953,109955,109981],[10,108865,95727,108867,10814],{"id":108866},"python-set-remove-method",[18,108868,55050],{},[14,108870,108871,108873],{},[18,108872,102395],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[14,108875,108876,108877,108880,108881,497],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[3205,108878,108879],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[18,108882,19189],{},[42,108884,45],{"id":44},[47,108886,108888],{"className":49,"code":108887,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,108889,108890,108922,108940],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108891,108892,108894,108896,108898,108900,108902,108904,108906,108908,108910,108912,108914,108916,108918,108920],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108893,12572],{"class":284},[56,108895,288],{"class":75},[56,108897,9980],{"class":66},[56,108899,938],{"class":937},[56,108901,12589],{"class":941},[56,108903,938],{"class":937},[56,108905,1080],{"class":66},[56,108907,1448],{"class":937},[56,108909,12606],{"class":941},[56,108911,938],{"class":937},[56,108913,1080],{"class":66},[56,108915,1448],{"class":937},[56,108917,16956],{"class":941},[56,108919,938],{"class":937},[56,108921,8797],{"class":66},[56,108923,108924,108926,108928,108930,108932,108934,108936,108938],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,108925,17003],{"class":284},[56,108927,497],{"class":66},[56,108929,34304],{"class":237},[56,108931,67],{"class":66},[56,108933,938],{"class":937},[56,108935,12606],{"class":941},[56,108937,938],{"class":937},[56,108939,241],{"class":66},[56,108941,108942,108944,108946,108948],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,108943,63],{"class":62},[56,108945,67],{"class":66},[56,108947,17003],{"class":237},[56,108949,241],{"class":66},[14,108951,108952],{},[3205,108953,29536],{},[47,108955,108956],{"className":49,"code":103075,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,108957,108958],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,108959,108960,108962,108964,108966,108968,108970,108972,108974,108976],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,108961,8766],{"class":66},[56,108963,1394],{"class":937},[56,108965,12589],{"class":941},[56,108967,1394],{"class":937},[56,108969,1080],{"class":66},[56,108971,1389],{"class":937},[56,108973,16956],{"class":941},[56,108975,1394],{"class":937},[56,108977,8797],{"class":66},[14,108979,153,108980,108982,108983,497],{},[18,108981,55050],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[18,108984,19189],{},[42,108986,3138,108988,3141],{"id":108987},"what-setremove-does",[18,108989,102395],{},[14,108991,108992,971],{},[18,108993,102395],{},[26,108995,108996,108999,109001,109003],{},[29,108997,108998],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[29,109000,95842],{},[29,109002,95845],{},[29,109004,109005,109006,109008],{},"Raises ",[18,109007,19189],{}," if the value is missing",[14,109010,109011],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[42,109013,220],{"id":219},[47,109015,109017],{"className":49,"code":109016,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[18,109018,109019],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109020,109021,109023,109025,109027,109029,109031],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109022,15165],{"class":284},[56,109024,497],{"class":66},[56,109026,34304],{"class":237},[56,109028,67],{"class":66},[56,109030,551],{"class":237},[56,109032,241],{"class":66},[26,109034,109035,109039,109044],{},[29,109036,109037,102617],{},[18,109038,15165],{},[29,109040,109041,109043],{},[18,109042,551],{}," is the item to remove",[29,109045,109046],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[14,109048,109049],{},"Here is a small example:",[47,109051,109052],{"className":49,"code":108494,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,109053,109054,109074,109088],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109055,109056,109058,109060,109062,109064,109066,109068,109070,109072],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109057,3075],{"class":284},[56,109059,288],{"class":75},[56,109061,9980],{"class":66},[56,109063,1077],{"class":79},[56,109065,1080],{"class":66},[56,109067,1083],{"class":79},[56,109069,1080],{"class":66},[56,109071,529],{"class":79},[56,109073,8797],{"class":66},[56,109075,109076,109078,109080,109082,109084,109086],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,109077,3107],{"class":284},[56,109079,497],{"class":66},[56,109081,34304],{"class":237},[56,109083,67],{"class":66},[56,109085,115],{"class":79},[56,109087,241],{"class":66},[56,109089,109090,109092,109094,109096],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,109091,63],{"class":62},[56,109093,67],{"class":66},[56,109095,3107],{"class":237},[56,109097,241],{"class":66},[14,109099,109100],{},[3205,109101,29536],{},[47,109103,109104],{"className":49,"code":100825,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,109105,109106],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109107,109108,109110,109112,109114,109116],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109109,8766],{"class":66},[56,109111,1077],{"class":79},[56,109113,1080],{"class":66},[56,109115,529],{"class":79},[56,109117,8797],{"class":66},[42,109119,10968],{"id":10967},[47,109121,109123],{"className":49,"code":109122,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[18,109124,109125,109157,109161,109179,109183],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109126,109127,109129,109131,109133,109135,109137,109139,109141,109143,109145,109147,109149,109151,109153,109155],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109128,35751],{"class":284},[56,109130,288],{"class":75},[56,109132,9980],{"class":66},[56,109134,938],{"class":937},[56,109136,3546],{"class":941},[56,109138,938],{"class":937},[56,109140,1080],{"class":66},[56,109142,1448],{"class":937},[56,109144,3555],{"class":941},[56,109146,938],{"class":937},[56,109148,1080],{"class":66},[56,109150,1448],{"class":937},[56,109152,32729],{"class":941},[56,109154,938],{"class":937},[56,109156,8797],{"class":66},[56,109158,109159],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,109160,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,109162,109163,109165,109167,109169,109171,109173,109175,109177],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,109164,35803],{"class":284},[56,109166,497],{"class":66},[56,109168,34304],{"class":237},[56,109170,67],{"class":66},[56,109172,938],{"class":937},[56,109174,3555],{"class":941},[56,109176,938],{"class":937},[56,109178,241],{"class":66},[56,109180,109181],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,109182,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,109184,109185,109187,109189,109191],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,109186,63],{"class":62},[56,109188,67],{"class":66},[56,109190,35803],{"class":237},[56,109192,241],{"class":66},[14,109194,109195],{},[3205,109196,29536],{},[47,109198,109200],{"className":49,"code":109199,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[18,109201,109202],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109203,109204,109206,109208,109210,109212,109214,109216,109218,109220],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109205,8766],{"class":66},[56,109207,1394],{"class":937},[56,109209,3546],{"class":941},[56,109211,1394],{"class":937},[56,109213,1080],{"class":66},[56,109215,1389],{"class":937},[56,109217,32729],{"class":941},[56,109219,1394],{"class":937},[56,109221,8797],{"class":66},[14,109223,109224,109225,109227],{},"This removes ",[18,109226,64798],{}," from the set.",[14,109229,109230,109231,109233,109234,497],{},"A set does ",[3205,109232,4101],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[372,109235,95859],{"href":97410},[42,109237,109239],{"id":109238},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[14,109241,109242,109243,52015,109245,497],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[18,109244,55050],{},[18,109246,19189],{},[47,109248,109250],{"className":49,"code":109249,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[18,109251,109252,109284],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109253,109254,109256,109258,109260,109262,109264,109266,109268,109270,109272,109274,109276,109278,109280,109282],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109255,12572],{"class":284},[56,109257,288],{"class":75},[56,109259,9980],{"class":66},[56,109261,938],{"class":937},[56,109263,12589],{"class":941},[56,109265,938],{"class":937},[56,109267,1080],{"class":66},[56,109269,1448],{"class":937},[56,109271,12606],{"class":941},[56,109273,938],{"class":937},[56,109275,1080],{"class":66},[56,109277,1448],{"class":937},[56,109279,16956],{"class":941},[56,109281,938],{"class":937},[56,109283,8797],{"class":66},[56,109285,109286,109288,109290,109292,109294,109296,109298,109300],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,109287,17003],{"class":284},[56,109289,497],{"class":66},[56,109291,34304],{"class":237},[56,109293,67],{"class":66},[56,109295,938],{"class":937},[56,109297,22027],{"class":941},[56,109299,938],{"class":937},[56,109301,241],{"class":66},[14,109303,109304],{},[3205,109305,109306],{},"Result:",[47,109308,109310],{"className":49,"code":109309,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[18,109311,109312],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109313,109314,109316,109318,109320,109322],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109315,19189],{"class":989},[56,109317,971],{"class":66},[56,109319,1389],{"class":937},[56,109321,22027],{"class":941},[56,109323,29206],{"class":937},[14,109325,21692,109326,109329],{},[18,109327,109328],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[14,109331,109332,109333,109335],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[18,109334,55050],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[14,109337,109338,109339,497],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[372,109340,10754],{"href":10565},[42,109342,3666,109344,109346,109347],{"id":109343},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[18,109345,55050],{}," is different from ",[18,109348,102381],{},[14,109350,109351,3862,109353,109355],{},[18,109352,55050],{},[18,109354,102381],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[615,109357,109358],{"id":34304},[18,109359,55050],{},[26,109361,109362,109365],{},[29,109363,109364],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[29,109366,109367],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[47,109369,109371],{"className":49,"code":109370,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[18,109372,109373,109405],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109374,109375,109377,109379,109381,109383,109385,109387,109389,109391,109393,109395,109397,109399,109401,109403],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109376,35602],{"class":284},[56,109378,288],{"class":75},[56,109380,9980],{"class":66},[56,109382,938],{"class":937},[56,109384,372],{"class":941},[56,109386,938],{"class":937},[56,109388,1080],{"class":66},[56,109390,1448],{"class":937},[56,109392,4232],{"class":941},[56,109394,938],{"class":937},[56,109396,1080],{"class":66},[56,109398,1448],{"class":937},[56,109400,9228],{"class":941},[56,109402,938],{"class":937},[56,109404,8797],{"class":66},[56,109406,109407,109409,109411,109413,109415,109417,109419,109421],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,109408,35655],{"class":284},[56,109410,497],{"class":66},[56,109412,34304],{"class":237},[56,109414,67],{"class":66},[56,109416,938],{"class":937},[56,109418,18269],{"class":941},[56,109420,938],{"class":937},[56,109422,241],{"class":66},[14,109424,108181],{},[47,109426,109428],{"className":49,"code":109427,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[18,109429,109430],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109431,109432,109434,109436,109438,109440],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109433,19189],{"class":989},[56,109435,971],{"class":66},[56,109437,1389],{"class":937},[56,109439,18269],{"class":941},[56,109441,29206],{"class":937},[615,109443,109444],{"id":102448},[18,109445,102381],{},[26,109447,109448,109450],{},[29,109449,109364],{},[29,109451,109452],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[47,109454,109456],{"className":49,"code":109455,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,109457,109458,109490,109508],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109459,109460,109462,109464,109466,109468,109470,109472,109474,109476,109478,109480,109482,109484,109486,109488],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109461,35602],{"class":284},[56,109463,288],{"class":75},[56,109465,9980],{"class":66},[56,109467,938],{"class":937},[56,109469,372],{"class":941},[56,109471,938],{"class":937},[56,109473,1080],{"class":66},[56,109475,1448],{"class":937},[56,109477,4232],{"class":941},[56,109479,938],{"class":937},[56,109481,1080],{"class":66},[56,109483,1448],{"class":937},[56,109485,9228],{"class":941},[56,109487,938],{"class":937},[56,109489,8797],{"class":66},[56,109491,109492,109494,109496,109498,109500,109502,109504,109506],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,109493,35655],{"class":284},[56,109495,497],{"class":66},[56,109497,102448],{"class":237},[56,109499,67],{"class":66},[56,109501,938],{"class":937},[56,109503,18269],{"class":941},[56,109505,938],{"class":937},[56,109507,241],{"class":66},[56,109509,109510,109512,109514,109516],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,109511,63],{"class":62},[56,109513,67],{"class":66},[56,109515,35655],{"class":237},[56,109517,241],{"class":66},[14,109519,109520],{},[3205,109521,130],{},[47,109523,109525],{"className":49,"code":109524,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[18,109526,109527],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109528,109529,109531,109533,109535,109537,109539,109541,109543,109545,109547,109549,109551,109553],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109530,8766],{"class":66},[56,109532,1394],{"class":937},[56,109534,372],{"class":941},[56,109536,1394],{"class":937},[56,109538,1080],{"class":66},[56,109540,1389],{"class":937},[56,109542,4232],{"class":941},[56,109544,1394],{"class":937},[56,109546,1080],{"class":66},[56,109548,1389],{"class":937},[56,109550,9228],{"class":941},[56,109552,1394],{"class":937},[56,109554,8797],{"class":66},[14,109556,18196],{},[26,109558,109559,109564],{},[29,109560,109561,109563],{},[18,109562,55050],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[29,109565,109566,109568],{},[18,109567,102381],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[14,109570,109571,109572,497],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[372,109573,96341,109574,10231],{"href":107984},[18,109575,102381],{},[42,109577,3988],{"id":3987},[615,109579,7938,109581,96721],{"id":109580},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[18,109582,55050],{},[14,109584,109585,109587,109588,497],{},[18,109586,55050],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[18,109589,3241],{},[14,109591,16143],{},[47,109593,109595],{"className":49,"code":109594,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[18,109596,109597,109629,109651],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109598,109599,109601,109603,109605,109607,109609,109611,109613,109615,109617,109619,109621,109623,109625,109627],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109600,12572],{"class":284},[56,109602,288],{"class":75},[56,109604,9980],{"class":66},[56,109606,938],{"class":937},[56,109608,12589],{"class":941},[56,109610,938],{"class":937},[56,109612,1080],{"class":66},[56,109614,1448],{"class":937},[56,109616,12606],{"class":941},[56,109618,938],{"class":937},[56,109620,1080],{"class":66},[56,109622,1448],{"class":937},[56,109624,16956],{"class":941},[56,109626,938],{"class":937},[56,109628,8797],{"class":66},[56,109630,109631,109633,109635,109637,109639,109641,109643,109645,109647,109649],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,109632,12615],{"class":284},[56,109634,288],{"class":75},[56,109636,12620],{"class":284},[56,109638,497],{"class":66},[56,109640,34304],{"class":237},[56,109642,67],{"class":66},[56,109644,938],{"class":937},[56,109646,12606],{"class":941},[56,109648,938],{"class":937},[56,109650,241],{"class":66},[56,109652,109653,109655,109657,109659],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,109654,63],{"class":62},[56,109656,67],{"class":66},[56,109658,12639],{"class":237},[56,109660,241],{"class":66},[14,109662,109663],{},[3205,109664,130],{},[47,109666,109667],{"className":49,"code":11302,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,109668,109669],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109670,109671],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109672,11302],{"class":3316},[14,109674,16155],{},[47,109676,109677],{"className":49,"code":108887,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,109678,109679,109711,109729],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109680,109681,109683,109685,109687,109689,109691,109693,109695,109697,109699,109701,109703,109705,109707,109709],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109682,12572],{"class":284},[56,109684,288],{"class":75},[56,109686,9980],{"class":66},[56,109688,938],{"class":937},[56,109690,12589],{"class":941},[56,109692,938],{"class":937},[56,109694,1080],{"class":66},[56,109696,1448],{"class":937},[56,109698,12606],{"class":941},[56,109700,938],{"class":937},[56,109702,1080],{"class":66},[56,109704,1448],{"class":937},[56,109706,16956],{"class":941},[56,109708,938],{"class":937},[56,109710,8797],{"class":66},[56,109712,109713,109715,109717,109719,109721,109723,109725,109727],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,109714,17003],{"class":284},[56,109716,497],{"class":66},[56,109718,34304],{"class":237},[56,109720,67],{"class":66},[56,109722,938],{"class":937},[56,109724,12606],{"class":941},[56,109726,938],{"class":937},[56,109728,241],{"class":66},[56,109730,109731,109733,109735,109737],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,109732,63],{"class":62},[56,109734,67],{"class":66},[56,109736,17003],{"class":237},[56,109738,241],{"class":66},[615,109740,109742],{"id":109741},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[14,109744,109745,109746,497],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[18,109747,19189],{},[47,109749,109751],{"className":49,"code":109750,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[18,109752,109753,109777],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109754,109755,109757,109759,109761,109763,109765,109767,109769,109771,109773,109775],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109756,12572],{"class":284},[56,109758,288],{"class":75},[56,109760,9980],{"class":66},[56,109762,938],{"class":937},[56,109764,12589],{"class":941},[56,109766,938],{"class":937},[56,109768,1080],{"class":66},[56,109770,1448],{"class":937},[56,109772,12606],{"class":941},[56,109774,938],{"class":937},[56,109776,8797],{"class":66},[56,109778,109779,109781,109783,109785,109787,109789,109791,109793],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,109780,17003],{"class":284},[56,109782,497],{"class":66},[56,109784,34304],{"class":237},[56,109786,67],{"class":66},[56,109788,938],{"class":937},[56,109790,16956],{"class":941},[56,109792,938],{"class":937},[56,109794,241],{"class":66},[14,109796,109797,109798,971],{},"To check first, you can use ",[18,109799,3348],{},[47,109801,109803],{"className":49,"code":109802,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[18,109804,109805,109829,109833,109849],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,109806,109807,109809,109811,109813,109815,109817,109819,109821,109823,109825,109827],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,109808,12572],{"class":284},[56,109810,288],{"class":75},[56,109812,9980],{"class":66},[56,109814,938],{"class":937},[56,109816,12589],{"class":941},[56,109818,938],{"class":937},[56,109820,1080],{"class":66},[56,109822,1448],{"class":937},[56,109824,12606],{"class":941},[56,109826,938],{"class":937},[56,109828,8797],{"class":66},[56,109830,109831],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,109832,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,109834,109835,109837,109839,109841,109843,109845,109847],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,109836,6477],{"class":3341},[56,109838,1448],{"class":937},[56,109840,16956],{"class":941},[56,109842,938],{"class":937},[56,109844,20676],{"class":75},[56,109846,12620],{"class":284},[56,109848,5871],{"class":66},[56,109850,109851,109854,109856,109858,109860,109862,109864,109866],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,109852,109853],{"class":284},"    colors",[56,109855,497],{"class":66},[56,109857,34304],{"class":237},[56,109859,67],{"class":66},[56,109861,938],{"class":937},[56,109863,16956],{"class":941},[56,109865,938],{"class":937},[56,109867,241],{"class":66},[14,109869,109870,109871,109875],{},"Or use ",[372,109872,109873],{"href":107984},[18,109874,102381],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[615,109877,36717,109879,8191,109881],{"id":109878},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[18,109880,102395],{},[18,109882,54596],{},[14,109884,109885],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[14,109887,109888,109889,109891],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[18,109890,102395],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[14,109893,109894,109895,497],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[372,109896,98605],{"href":98604},[615,109898,109900],{"id":109899},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[14,109902,107890],{},[14,109904,109905],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[42,109907,1553],{"id":1552},[615,109909,12199,109911,96820],{"id":109910},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[18,109912,102395],{},[14,109914,109915,109916,497],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[18,109917,3241],{},[615,109919,29794,109921,109923],{"id":109920},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[18,109922,102395],{}," raise?",[14,109925,29800,109926,109928],{},[18,109927,19189],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[615,109930,20923,109932,964,109934,571],{"id":109931},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[18,109933,55050],{},[18,109935,102381],{},[14,109937,153,109938,109940,109941,109943],{},[18,109939,55050],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[18,109942,102381],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[615,109945,4643,109947,109949],{"id":109946},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[18,109948,102395],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[14,109951,109952],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[42,109954,1601],{"id":1600},[26,109956,109957,109963,109969,109973,109977],{},[29,109958,109959],{},[372,109960,96341,109961,10231],{"href":107984},[18,109962,102381],{},[29,109964,109965],{},[372,109966,96341,109967,10231],{"href":97741},[18,109968,12258],{},[29,109970,109971],{},[372,109972,96865],{"href":97410},[29,109974,109975],{},[372,109976,99871],{"href":98604},[29,109978,109979],{},[372,109980,10754],{"href":10565},[1633,109982,109983],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":109985},[109986,109987,109989,109990,109991,109992,109997,110005,110015],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":108987,"depth":86,"text":109988},"What set.remove() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":10967,"depth":86,"text":10968},{"id":109238,"depth":86,"text":109239},{"id":109343,"depth":86,"text":109993,"children":109994},"How remove() is different from discard()",[109995,109996],{"id":34304,"depth":102,"text":55050},{"id":102448,"depth":102,"text":102381},{"id":3987,"depth":86,"text":3988,"children":109998},[109999,110001,110002,110004],{"id":109580,"depth":102,"text":110000},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109741,"depth":102,"text":109742},{"id":109878,"depth":102,"text":110003},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":109899,"depth":102,"text":109900},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":110006},[110007,110009,110011,110013],{"id":109910,"depth":102,"text":110008},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":109920,"depth":102,"text":110010},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":109931,"depth":102,"text":110012},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":109946,"depth":102,"text":110014},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":108861,"description":110016},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110023,"title":110024,"body":110025,"description":111398,"extension":1665,"meta":111399,"navigation":316,"path":111400,"seo":111401,"stem":111402,"__hash__":111403},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110026,"toc":111373},[110027,110033,110039,110042,110045,110059,110061,110142,110145,110150,110154,110168,110175,110177,110196,110199,110217,110219,110299,110301,110326,110330,110333,110341,110346,110351,110353,110366,110371,110374,110398,110401,110409,110411,110414,110511,110513,110546,110548,110574,110581,110584,110588,110596,110600,110608,110610,110700,110702,110716,110723,110728,110733,110735,110826,110828,110840,110842,110856,110862,110870,110872,110954,110956,111001,111004,111012,111015,111017,111021,111064,111066,111086,111091,111093,111178,111180,111185,111187,111194,111202,111208,111211,111213,111299,111301,111325,111329,111332,111334,111361,111371],[10,110028,95727,110030,10814],{"id":110029},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[18,110031,110032],{},"symmetric_difference()",[14,110034,110035,110038],{},[18,110036,110037],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[14,110040,110041],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[14,110043,110044],{},"Use it when:",[26,110046,110047,110050,110056],{},[29,110048,110049],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[29,110051,110052,110053,110055],{},"you do ",[3205,110054,4101],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[29,110057,110058],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[42,110060,3065],{"id":3064},[47,110062,110064],{"className":49,"code":110063,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110065,110066,110086,110106,110110,110129],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110067,110068,110070,110072,110074,110076,110078,110080,110082,110084],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110069,635],{"class":284},[56,110071,288],{"class":75},[56,110073,9980],{"class":66},[56,110075,1077],{"class":79},[56,110077,1080],{"class":66},[56,110079,1083],{"class":79},[56,110081,1080],{"class":66},[56,110083,529],{"class":79},[56,110085,8797],{"class":66},[56,110087,110088,110090,110092,110094,110096,110098,110100,110102,110104],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,110089,663],{"class":284},[56,110091,288],{"class":75},[56,110093,9980],{"class":66},[56,110095,121],{"class":79},[56,110097,1080],{"class":66},[56,110099,535],{"class":79},[56,110101,1080],{"class":66},[56,110103,4075],{"class":79},[56,110105,8797],{"class":66},[56,110107,110108],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,110109,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,110111,110112,110114,110116,110118,110120,110123,110125,110127],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,110113,299],{"class":284},[56,110115,288],{"class":75},[56,110117,56409],{"class":284},[56,110119,497],{"class":66},[56,110121,110122],{"class":237},"symmetric_difference",[56,110124,67],{"class":66},[56,110126,4232],{"class":237},[56,110128,241],{"class":66},[56,110130,110131,110133,110135,110137,110139],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,110132,63],{"class":62},[56,110134,67],{"class":66},[56,110136,338],{"class":237},[56,110138,3120],{"class":66},[56,110140,110141],{"class":3123},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[14,110143,110144],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[42,110146,3138,110148,3141],{"id":110147},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[18,110149,110032],{},[14,110151,110152,971],{},[18,110153,110037],{},[26,110155,110156,110159,110162,110165],{},[29,110157,110158],{},"returns a new set",[29,110160,110161],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[29,110163,110164],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[29,110166,110167],{},"does not change the original set",[14,110169,95851,110170,964,110172,497],{},[372,110171,95855],{"href":95854},[372,110173,110174],{"href":95858},"creating a set in Python",[42,110176,220],{"id":219},[47,110178,110180],{"className":49,"code":110179,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[18,110181,110182],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110183,110184,110186,110188,110190,110192,110194],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110185,100112],{"class":284},[56,110187,497],{"class":66},[56,110189,110122],{"class":237},[56,110191,67],{"class":66},[56,110193,100121],{"class":237},[56,110195,241],{"class":66},[14,110197,110198],{},"Notes:",[26,110200,110201,110206,110211,110214],{},[29,110202,110203,110205],{},[18,110204,100112],{}," must be a set",[29,110207,110208,110210],{},[18,110209,100121],{}," can be any iterable",[29,110212,110213],{},"the result is always a set",[29,110215,110216],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[14,110218,274],{},[47,110220,110222],{"className":49,"code":110221,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[18,110223,110224,110245,110266,110270,110289],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110225,110226,110229,110231,110233,110235,110237,110239,110241,110243],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110227,110228],{"class":284},"set1 ",[56,110230,288],{"class":75},[56,110232,9980],{"class":66},[56,110234,1077],{"class":79},[56,110236,1080],{"class":66},[56,110238,1083],{"class":79},[56,110240,1080],{"class":66},[56,110242,529],{"class":79},[56,110244,8797],{"class":66},[56,110246,110247,110250,110252,110254,110256,110258,110260,110262,110264],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,110248,110249],{"class":284},"set2 ",[56,110251,288],{"class":75},[56,110253,9980],{"class":66},[56,110255,121],{"class":79},[56,110257,1080],{"class":66},[56,110259,535],{"class":79},[56,110261,1080],{"class":66},[56,110263,4075],{"class":79},[56,110265,8797],{"class":66},[56,110267,110268],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,110269,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,110271,110272,110274,110276,110279,110281,110283,110285,110287],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,110273,299],{"class":284},[56,110275,288],{"class":75},[56,110277,110278],{"class":284}," set1",[56,110280,497],{"class":66},[56,110282,110122],{"class":237},[56,110284,67],{"class":66},[56,110286,100121],{"class":237},[56,110288,241],{"class":66},[56,110290,110291,110293,110295,110297],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,110292,63],{"class":62},[56,110294,67],{"class":66},[56,110296,338],{"class":237},[56,110298,241],{"class":66},[14,110300,130],{},[47,110302,110304],{"className":49,"code":110303,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110305,110306],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110307,110308,110310,110312,110314,110316,110318,110320,110322,110324],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110309,8766],{"class":66},[56,110311,1077],{"class":79},[56,110313,1080],{"class":66},[56,110315,1083],{"class":79},[56,110317,1080],{"class":66},[56,110319,535],{"class":79},[56,110321,1080],{"class":66},[56,110323,4075],{"class":79},[56,110325,8797],{"class":66},[42,110327,110329],{"id":110328},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[14,110331,110332],{},"The result includes:",[26,110334,110335,110338],{},[29,110336,110337],{},"items only in the first set",[29,110339,110340],{},"items only in the second set",[14,110342,110343,110344,10574],{},"The result does ",[3205,110345,4101],{},[26,110347,110348],{},[29,110349,110350],{},"items shared by both sets",[14,110352,4947],{},[26,110354,110355,110360],{},[29,110356,110357,110358],{},"first set: ",[18,110359,99809],{},[29,110361,110362,110363],{},"second set: ",[18,110364,110365],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[14,110367,3516,110368,110370],{},[18,110369,121],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[14,110372,110373],{},"The output is:",[47,110375,110376],{"className":49,"code":110303,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,110377,110378],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110379,110380,110382,110384,110386,110388,110390,110392,110394,110396],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110381,8766],{"class":66},[56,110383,1077],{"class":79},[56,110385,1080],{"class":66},[56,110387,1083],{"class":79},[56,110389,1080],{"class":66},[56,110391,535],{"class":79},[56,110393,1080],{"class":66},[56,110395,4075],{"class":79},[56,110397,8797],{"class":66},[14,110399,110400],{},"Also remember:",[26,110402,110403,110406],{},[29,110404,110405],{},"sets are unordered",[29,110407,110408],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[42,110410,10968],{"id":10967},[14,110412,110413],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[47,110415,110417],{"className":49,"code":110416,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,110418,110419,110451,110475,110479,110497,110501],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110420,110421,110423,110425,110427,110429,110431,110433,110435,110437,110439,110441,110443,110445,110447,110449],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110422,106552],{"class":284},[56,110424,288],{"class":75},[56,110426,9980],{"class":66},[56,110428,938],{"class":937},[56,110430,12589],{"class":941},[56,110432,938],{"class":937},[56,110434,1080],{"class":66},[56,110436,1448],{"class":937},[56,110438,12606],{"class":941},[56,110440,938],{"class":937},[56,110442,1080],{"class":66},[56,110444,1448],{"class":937},[56,110446,16956],{"class":941},[56,110448,938],{"class":937},[56,110450,8797],{"class":66},[56,110452,110453,110455,110457,110459,110461,110463,110465,110467,110469,110471,110473],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,110454,106585],{"class":284},[56,110456,288],{"class":75},[56,110458,9980],{"class":66},[56,110460,938],{"class":937},[56,110462,16956],{"class":941},[56,110464,938],{"class":937},[56,110466,1080],{"class":66},[56,110468,1448],{"class":937},[56,110470,22027],{"class":941},[56,110472,938],{"class":937},[56,110474,8797],{"class":66},[56,110476,110477],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,110478,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,110480,110481,110483,110485,110487,110489,110491,110493,110495],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,110482,299],{"class":284},[56,110484,288],{"class":75},[56,110486,106627],{"class":284},[56,110488,497],{"class":66},[56,110490,110122],{"class":237},[56,110492,67],{"class":66},[56,110494,106636],{"class":237},[56,110496,241],{"class":66},[56,110498,110499],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,110500,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,110502,110503,110505,110507,110509],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,110504,63],{"class":62},[56,110506,67],{"class":66},[56,110508,338],{"class":237},[56,110510,241],{"class":66},[14,110512,130],{},[47,110514,110516],{"className":49,"code":110515,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[18,110517,110518],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110519,110520,110522,110524,110526,110528,110530,110532,110534,110536,110538,110540,110542,110544],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110521,8766],{"class":66},[56,110523,1394],{"class":937},[56,110525,12589],{"class":941},[56,110527,1394],{"class":937},[56,110529,1080],{"class":66},[56,110531,1389],{"class":937},[56,110533,12606],{"class":941},[56,110535,1394],{"class":937},[56,110537,1080],{"class":66},[56,110539,1389],{"class":937},[56,110541,22027],{"class":941},[56,110543,1394],{"class":937},[56,110545,8797],{"class":66},[14,110547,12906],{},[26,110549,110550,110555,110566],{},[29,110551,110552,110554],{},[18,110553,96020],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[29,110556,110557,3862,110559,110562,110563,110565],{},[18,110558,64916],{},[18,110560,110561],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[18,110564,106689],{},", so they stay",[29,110567,110568,110570,110571,110573],{},[18,110569,109328],{}," is only in ",[18,110572,106636],{},", so it stays",[42,110575,110577,10075,110579],{"id":110576},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[18,110578,110032],{},[18,110580,99941],{},[14,110582,110583],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[14,110585,110586,971],{},[18,110587,99941],{},[26,110589,110590,110593],{},[29,110591,110592],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[29,110594,110595],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[14,110597,110598,971],{},[18,110599,110032],{},[26,110601,110602,110605],{},[29,110603,110604],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[29,110606,110607],{},"removes shared items",[14,110609,274],{},[47,110611,110613],{"className":49,"code":110612,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110614,110615,110635,110655,110659,110680],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110616,110617,110619,110621,110623,110625,110627,110629,110631,110633],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110618,635],{"class":284},[56,110620,288],{"class":75},[56,110622,9980],{"class":66},[56,110624,1077],{"class":79},[56,110626,1080],{"class":66},[56,110628,1083],{"class":79},[56,110630,1080],{"class":66},[56,110632,529],{"class":79},[56,110634,8797],{"class":66},[56,110636,110637,110639,110641,110643,110645,110647,110649,110651,110653],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,110638,663],{"class":284},[56,110640,288],{"class":75},[56,110642,9980],{"class":66},[56,110644,121],{"class":79},[56,110646,1080],{"class":66},[56,110648,535],{"class":79},[56,110650,1080],{"class":66},[56,110652,4075],{"class":79},[56,110654,8797],{"class":66},[56,110656,110657],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,110658,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,110660,110661,110663,110665,110667,110669,110671,110673,110675,110677],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,110662,63],{"class":62},[56,110664,67],{"class":66},[56,110666,372],{"class":237},[56,110668,497],{"class":66},[56,110670,893],{"class":237},[56,110672,67],{"class":66},[56,110674,4232],{"class":237},[56,110676,4836],{"class":66},[56,110678,110679],{"class":3123},"            # {1, 2}\n",[56,110681,110682,110684,110686,110688,110690,110692,110694,110696,110698],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,110683,63],{"class":62},[56,110685,67],{"class":66},[56,110687,372],{"class":237},[56,110689,497],{"class":66},[56,110691,110122],{"class":237},[56,110693,67],{"class":66},[56,110695,4232],{"class":237},[56,110697,4836],{"class":66},[56,110699,110141],{"class":3123},[14,110701,18196],{},[26,110703,110704,110711],{},[29,110705,110706,110710],{},[372,110707,110708],{"href":102367},[18,110709,99941],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[29,110712,110713,110715],{},[18,110714,110032],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[42,110717,110719,10075,110721],{"id":110718},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[18,110720,110032],{},[18,110722,102326],{},[14,110724,110725,110727],{},[18,110726,102326],{}," combines both sets.",[14,110729,110730,110732],{},[18,110731,110032],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[14,110734,274],{},[47,110736,110738],{"className":49,"code":110737,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110739,110740,110760,110780,110784,110806],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110741,110742,110744,110746,110748,110750,110752,110754,110756,110758],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110743,635],{"class":284},[56,110745,288],{"class":75},[56,110747,9980],{"class":66},[56,110749,1077],{"class":79},[56,110751,1080],{"class":66},[56,110753,1083],{"class":79},[56,110755,1080],{"class":66},[56,110757,529],{"class":79},[56,110759,8797],{"class":66},[56,110761,110762,110764,110766,110768,110770,110772,110774,110776,110778],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,110763,663],{"class":284},[56,110765,288],{"class":75},[56,110767,9980],{"class":66},[56,110769,121],{"class":79},[56,110771,1080],{"class":66},[56,110773,535],{"class":79},[56,110775,1080],{"class":66},[56,110777,4075],{"class":79},[56,110779,8797],{"class":66},[56,110781,110782],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,110783,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,110785,110786,110788,110790,110792,110794,110797,110799,110801,110803],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,110787,63],{"class":62},[56,110789,67],{"class":66},[56,110791,372],{"class":237},[56,110793,497],{"class":66},[56,110795,110796],{"class":237},"union",[56,110798,67],{"class":66},[56,110800,4232],{"class":237},[56,110802,4836],{"class":66},[56,110804,110805],{"class":3123},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[56,110807,110808,110810,110812,110814,110816,110818,110820,110822,110824],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,110809,63],{"class":62},[56,110811,67],{"class":66},[56,110813,372],{"class":237},[56,110815,497],{"class":66},[56,110817,110122],{"class":237},[56,110819,67],{"class":66},[56,110821,4232],{"class":237},[56,110823,4836],{"class":66},[56,110825,110141],{"class":3123},[14,110827,26726],{},[26,110829,110830,110835],{},[29,110831,110832,110834],{},[18,110833,102326],{}," includes everything",[29,110836,110837,110839],{},[18,110838,110032],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[14,110841,18196],{},[26,110843,110844,110851],{},[29,110845,110846,110850],{},[372,110847,110848],{"href":107257},[18,110849,102326],{}," when overlap does not matter",[29,110852,110853,110855],{},[18,110854,110032],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[42,110857,36125,110859,101125],{"id":110858},"using-the-operator",[18,110860,110861],{},"^",[14,110863,110864,110865,110867,110868,497],{},"For sets, the ",[18,110866,110861],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[18,110869,110032],{},[14,110871,274],{},[47,110873,110875],{"className":49,"code":110874,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[18,110876,110877,110897,110917,110921,110939],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110878,110879,110881,110883,110885,110887,110889,110891,110893,110895],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110880,110228],{"class":284},[56,110882,288],{"class":75},[56,110884,9980],{"class":66},[56,110886,1077],{"class":79},[56,110888,1080],{"class":66},[56,110890,1083],{"class":79},[56,110892,1080],{"class":66},[56,110894,529],{"class":79},[56,110896,8797],{"class":66},[56,110898,110899,110901,110903,110905,110907,110909,110911,110913,110915],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,110900,110249],{"class":284},[56,110902,288],{"class":75},[56,110904,9980],{"class":66},[56,110906,121],{"class":79},[56,110908,1080],{"class":66},[56,110910,535],{"class":79},[56,110912,1080],{"class":66},[56,110914,4075],{"class":79},[56,110916,8797],{"class":66},[56,110918,110919],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,110920,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,110922,110923,110925,110927,110929,110931,110933,110935,110937],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,110924,63],{"class":62},[56,110926,67],{"class":66},[56,110928,100112],{"class":237},[56,110930,497],{"class":66},[56,110932,110122],{"class":237},[56,110934,67],{"class":66},[56,110936,100121],{"class":237},[56,110938,83],{"class":66},[56,110940,110941,110943,110945,110947,110949,110952],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,110942,63],{"class":62},[56,110944,67],{"class":66},[56,110946,110228],{"class":237},[56,110948,110861],{"class":75},[56,110950,110951],{"class":237}," set2",[56,110953,241],{"class":66},[14,110955,29536],{},[47,110957,110959],{"className":49,"code":110958,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[18,110960,110961,110981],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,110962,110963,110965,110967,110969,110971,110973,110975,110977,110979],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,110964,8766],{"class":66},[56,110966,1077],{"class":79},[56,110968,1080],{"class":66},[56,110970,1083],{"class":79},[56,110972,1080],{"class":66},[56,110974,535],{"class":79},[56,110976,1080],{"class":66},[56,110978,4075],{"class":79},[56,110980,8797],{"class":66},[56,110982,110983,110985,110987,110989,110991,110993,110995,110997,110999],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,110984,8766],{"class":66},[56,110986,1077],{"class":79},[56,110988,1080],{"class":66},[56,110990,1083],{"class":79},[56,110992,1080],{"class":66},[56,110994,535],{"class":79},[56,110996,1080],{"class":66},[56,110998,4075],{"class":79},[56,111000,8797],{"class":66},[14,111002,111003],{},"Both forms:",[26,111005,111006,111009],{},[29,111007,111008],{},"return a new set",[29,111010,111011],{},"do not change the original sets",[14,111013,111014],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[42,111016,3988],{"id":3987},[14,111018,20714,111019,971],{},[18,111020,110032],{},[26,111022,111023,111031,111041,111056],{},[29,111024,111025,111028,111030],{},[3205,111026,111027],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9335,111029],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[29,111032,111033,111036,111038,111040],{},[3205,111034,111035],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9335,111037],{},[18,111039,110032],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[29,111042,111043,111048,111050,111052,111053,111055],{},[3205,111044,111045,111046],{},"Confusing it with ",[18,111047,99941],{},[9335,111049],{},[18,111051,99941],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[18,111054,110032],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[29,111057,111058,111061,111063],{},[3205,111059,111060],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9335,111062],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[14,111065,58384],{},[26,111067,111068,111077,111080,111083],{},[29,111069,50011,111070,44147,111072,111076],{},[18,111071,110032],{},[372,111073,111074],{"href":107257},[18,111075,102326],{}," is actually needed",[29,111078,111079],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[29,111081,111082],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[29,111084,111085],{},"being confused by output order",[14,111087,111088,111089,497],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[372,111090,98605],{"href":104870},[14,111092,61818],{},[47,111094,111096],{"className":49,"code":111095,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[18,111097,111098,111108,111118,111136,111150,111164],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,111099,111100,111102,111104,111106],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,111101,63],{"class":62},[56,111103,67],{"class":66},[56,111105,100112],{"class":237},[56,111107,241],{"class":66},[56,111109,111110,111112,111114,111116],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,111111,63],{"class":62},[56,111113,67],{"class":66},[56,111115,100121],{"class":237},[56,111117,241],{"class":66},[56,111119,111120,111122,111124,111126,111128,111130,111132,111134],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,111121,63],{"class":62},[56,111123,67],{"class":66},[56,111125,100112],{"class":237},[56,111127,497],{"class":66},[56,111129,110122],{"class":237},[56,111131,67],{"class":66},[56,111133,100121],{"class":237},[56,111135,83],{"class":66},[56,111137,111138,111140,111142,111144,111146,111148],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,111139,63],{"class":62},[56,111141,67],{"class":66},[56,111143,110228],{"class":237},[56,111145,110861],{"class":75},[56,111147,110951],{"class":237},[56,111149,241],{"class":66},[56,111151,111152,111154,111156,111158,111160,111162],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,111153,63],{"class":62},[56,111155,67],{"class":66},[56,111157,1314],{"class":989},[56,111159,67],{"class":66},[56,111161,100112],{"class":237},[56,111163,83],{"class":66},[56,111165,111166,111168,111170,111172,111174,111176],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,111167,63],{"class":62},[56,111169,67],{"class":66},[56,111171,1314],{"class":989},[56,111173,67],{"class":66},[56,111175,100121],{"class":237},[56,111177,83],{"class":66},[42,111179,1553],{"id":1552},[615,111181,12199,111183,102266],{"id":111182},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[18,111184,110032],{},[14,111186,102269],{},[615,111188,4653,111190,3862,111192,571],{"id":111189},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[18,111191,110032],{},[18,111193,99941],{},[14,111195,111196,111198,111199,111201],{},[18,111197,99941],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[18,111200,110032],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[615,111203,27834,111205,111207],{"id":111204},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[18,111206,110032],{}," with lists?",[14,111209,111210],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[14,111212,274],{},[47,111214,111216],{"className":49,"code":111215,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[18,111217,111218,111238,111258,111262,111289],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,111219,111220,111222,111224,111226,111228,111230,111232,111234,111236],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,111221,80182],{"class":284},[56,111223,288],{"class":75},[56,111225,3080],{"class":66},[56,111227,1077],{"class":79},[56,111229,1080],{"class":66},[56,111231,1083],{"class":79},[56,111233,1080],{"class":66},[56,111235,529],{"class":79},[56,111237,3093],{"class":66},[56,111239,111240,111242,111244,111246,111248,111250,111252,111254,111256],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,111241,80203],{"class":284},[56,111243,288],{"class":75},[56,111245,3080],{"class":66},[56,111247,121],{"class":79},[56,111249,1080],{"class":66},[56,111251,535],{"class":79},[56,111253,1080],{"class":66},[56,111255,4075],{"class":79},[56,111257,3093],{"class":66},[56,111259,111260],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,111261,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,111263,111264,111266,111268,111270,111272,111275,111277,111279,111281,111283,111285,111287],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,111265,299],{"class":284},[56,111267,288],{"class":75},[56,111269,15132],{"class":989},[56,111271,67],{"class":66},[56,111273,111274],{"class":237},"list1",[56,111276,8117],{"class":66},[56,111278,110122],{"class":237},[56,111280,67],{"class":66},[56,111282,5764],{"class":989},[56,111284,67],{"class":66},[56,111286,80469],{"class":237},[56,111288,83],{"class":66},[56,111290,111291,111293,111295,111297],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,111292,63],{"class":62},[56,111294,67],{"class":66},[56,111296,338],{"class":237},[56,111298,241],{"class":66},[14,111300,130],{},[47,111302,111303],{"className":49,"code":110303,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,111304,111305],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,111306,111307,111309,111311,111313,111315,111317,111319,111321,111323],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,111308,8766],{"class":66},[56,111310,1077],{"class":79},[56,111312,1080],{"class":66},[56,111314,1083],{"class":79},[56,111316,1080],{"class":66},[56,111318,535],{"class":79},[56,111320,1080],{"class":66},[56,111322,4075],{"class":79},[56,111324,8797],{"class":66},[615,111326,111328],{"id":111327},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[14,111330,111331],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[42,111333,1601],{"id":1600},[26,111335,111336,111340,111345,111351,111357],{},[29,111337,111338],{},[372,111339,95855],{"href":95854},[29,111341,111342],{},[372,111343,111344],{"href":95858},"Creating a set in Python",[29,111346,111347],{},[372,111348,96341,111349,10231],{"href":102367},[18,111350,99941],{},[29,111352,111353],{},[372,111354,96341,111355,10231],{"href":107257},[18,111356,102326],{},[29,111358,111359],{},[372,111360,99871],{"href":104870},[14,111362,111363,111364,255,111366,16572,111368,111370],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[18,111365,99941],{},[18,111367,102326],{},[18,111369,110032],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1633,111372,56763],{},{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":111374},[111375,111376,111378,111379,111380,111381,111383,111385,111387,111388,111397],{"id":3064,"depth":86,"text":3065},{"id":110147,"depth":86,"text":111377},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":110328,"depth":86,"text":110329},{"id":10967,"depth":86,"text":10968},{"id":110576,"depth":86,"text":111382},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110718,"depth":86,"text":111384},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":110858,"depth":86,"text":111386},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":3987,"depth":86,"text":3988},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":111389},[111390,111392,111394,111396],{"id":111182,"depth":102,"text":111391},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111189,"depth":102,"text":111393},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111204,"depth":102,"text":111395},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111327,"depth":102,"text":111328},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110024,"description":111398},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111405,"title":111406,"body":111407,"description":113470,"extension":1665,"meta":113471,"navigation":316,"path":107257,"seo":113472,"stem":113473,"__hash__":113474},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111408,"toc":113429},[111409,111414,111419,111422,111435,111437,111519,111524,111529,111533,111545,111548,111552,111554,111581,111583,111594,111597,111666,111668,111674,111677,111687,111689,111778,111783,111785,111792,111795,111797,111800,111920,111922,111991,111994,112011,112016,112019,112135,112137,112166,112169,112175,112180,112184,112265,112267,112295,112300,112304,112399,112401,112442,112446,112449,112516,112518,112559,112565,112580,112587,112594,112598,112604,112690,112694,112702,112773,112778,112785,112787,112793,112795,112860,112862,112878,112883,112886,112955,112959,112962,113021,113024,113028,113081,113094,113097,113150,113154,113156,113187,113190,113195,113248,113252,113255,113276,113288,113290,113343,113345,113350,113352,113358,113361,113367,113372,113376,113379,113387,113396,113398,113426],[10,111410,3031,111412,10814],{"id":111411},"python-setunion-method",[18,111413,107570],{},[14,111415,111416,111418],{},[18,111417,107570],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[14,111420,111421],{},"It is useful when you want:",[26,111423,111424,111427,111432],{},[29,111425,111426],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[29,111428,635,111429,111431],{},[3205,111430,100296],{}," as the result",[29,111433,111434],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[42,111436,45],{"id":44},[47,111438,111440],{"className":49,"code":111439,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,111441,111442,111462,111482,111486,111504,111514],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,111443,111444,111446,111448,111450,111452,111454,111456,111458,111460],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,111445,110228],{"class":284},[56,111447,288],{"class":75},[56,111449,9980],{"class":66},[56,111451,1077],{"class":79},[56,111453,1080],{"class":66},[56,111455,1083],{"class":79},[56,111457,1080],{"class":66},[56,111459,529],{"class":79},[56,111461,8797],{"class":66},[56,111463,111464,111466,111468,111470,111472,111474,111476,111478,111480],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,111465,110249],{"class":284},[56,111467,288],{"class":75},[56,111469,9980],{"class":66},[56,111471,121],{"class":79},[56,111473,1080],{"class":66},[56,111475,535],{"class":79},[56,111477,1080],{"class":66},[56,111479,4075],{"class":79},[56,111481,8797],{"class":66},[56,111483,111484],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,111485,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,111487,111488,111490,111492,111494,111496,111498,111500,111502],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,111489,299],{"class":284},[56,111491,288],{"class":75},[56,111493,110278],{"class":284},[56,111495,497],{"class":66},[56,111497,110796],{"class":237},[56,111499,67],{"class":66},[56,111501,100121],{"class":237},[56,111503,241],{"class":66},[56,111505,111506,111508,111510,111512],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,111507,63],{"class":62},[56,111509,67],{"class":66},[56,111511,338],{"class":237},[56,111513,241],{"class":66},[56,111515,111516],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,111517,111518],{"class":3123},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[14,111520,111521,111523],{},[18,111522,102326],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[42,111525,3138,111527,3141],{"id":111526},"what-setunion-does",[18,111528,107570],{},[14,111530,111531,971],{},[18,111532,107570],{},[26,111534,111535,111538,111541,111543],{},[29,111536,111537],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[29,111539,111540],{},"keeps only unique values",[29,111542,110158],{},[29,111544,110167],{},[14,111546,111547],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[14,111549,95851,111550,497],{},[372,111551,95855],{"href":97026},[42,111553,220],{"id":219},[47,111555,111557],{"className":49,"code":111556,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[18,111558,111559],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,111560,111561,111563,111565,111567,111569,111571,111573,111575,111577,111579],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,111562,100112],{"class":284},[56,111564,497],{"class":66},[56,111566,110796],{"class":237},[56,111568,67],{"class":66},[56,111570,100121],{"class":237},[56,111572,1080],{"class":66},[56,111574,100148],{"class":237},[56,111576,1080],{"class":66},[56,111578,33963],{"class":62},[56,111580,241],{"class":66},[14,111582,12548],{},[26,111584,111585,111588,111591],{},[29,111586,111587],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[29,111589,111590],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[29,111592,111593],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[14,111595,111596],{},"Example with two sets:",[47,111598,111600],{"className":49,"code":111599,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[18,111601,111602,111618,111634,111638,111656],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,111603,111604,111606,111608,111610,111612,111614,111616],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,111605,635],{"class":284},[56,111607,288],{"class":75},[56,111609,9980],{"class":66},[56,111611,1077],{"class":79},[56,111613,1080],{"class":66},[56,111615,1083],{"class":79},[56,111617,8797],{"class":66},[56,111619,111620,111622,111624,111626,111628,111630,111632],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,111621,663],{"class":284},[56,111623,288],{"class":75},[56,111625,9980],{"class":66},[56,111627,115],{"class":79},[56,111629,1080],{"class":66},[56,111631,529],{"class":79},[56,111633,8797],{"class":66},[56,111635,111636],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,111637,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,111639,111640,111642,111644,111646,111648,111650,111652,111654],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,111641,299],{"class":284},[56,111643,288],{"class":75},[56,111645,56409],{"class":284},[56,111647,497],{"class":66},[56,111649,110796],{"class":237},[56,111651,67],{"class":66},[56,111653,4232],{"class":237},[56,111655,241],{"class":66},[56,111657,111658,111660,111662,111664],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,111659,63],{"class":62},[56,111661,67],{"class":66},[56,111663,338],{"class":237},[56,111665,241],{"class":66},[42,111667,21473],{"id":21472},[14,111669,111670,100293,111672,497],{},[18,111671,107570],{},[3205,111673,100296],{},[14,111675,111676],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[26,111678,111679,111682],{},[29,111680,111681],{},"the original set",[29,111683,111684,111685],{},"all arguments passed to ",[18,111686,102326],{},[14,111688,274],{},[47,111690,111692],{"className":49,"code":111691,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[18,111693,111694,111710,111726,111730,111748,111752,111765],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,111695,111696,111698,111700,111702,111704,111706,111708],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,111697,635],{"class":284},[56,111699,288],{"class":75},[56,111701,9980],{"class":66},[56,111703,1077],{"class":79},[56,111705,1080],{"class":66},[56,111707,1083],{"class":79},[56,111709,8797],{"class":66},[56,111711,111712,111714,111716,111718,111720,111722,111724],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,111713,663],{"class":284},[56,111715,288],{"class":75},[56,111717,9980],{"class":66},[56,111719,115],{"class":79},[56,111721,1080],{"class":66},[56,111723,529],{"class":79},[56,111725,8797],{"class":66},[56,111727,111728],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,111729,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,111731,111732,111734,111736,111738,111740,111742,111744,111746],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,111733,299],{"class":284},[56,111735,288],{"class":75},[56,111737,56409],{"class":284},[56,111739,497],{"class":66},[56,111741,110796],{"class":237},[56,111743,67],{"class":66},[56,111745,4232],{"class":237},[56,111747,241],{"class":66},[56,111749,111750],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,111751,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,111753,111754,111756,111758,111760,111762],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,111755,63],{"class":62},[56,111757,67],{"class":66},[56,111759,338],{"class":237},[56,111761,3120],{"class":66},[56,111763,111764],{"class":3123},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[56,111766,111767,111769,111771,111773,111775],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,111768,63],{"class":62},[56,111770,67],{"class":66},[56,111772,372],{"class":237},[56,111774,3120],{"class":66},[56,111776,111777],{"class":3123},"       # {1, 2}\n",[14,111779,360,111780,111782],{},[18,111781,372],{}," did not change.",[14,111784,110400],{},[26,111786,111787,111789],{},[29,111788,110405],{},[29,111790,111791],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[14,111793,111794],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[42,111796,10968],{"id":10967},[14,111798,111799],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[47,111801,111803],{"className":49,"code":111802,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[18,111804,111805,111838,111871,111875,111895,111899,111909],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,111806,111807,111810,111812,111814,111816,111818,111820,111822,111824,111826,111828,111830,111832,111834,111836],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,111808,111809],{"class":284},"fruits1 ",[56,111811,288],{"class":75},[56,111813,9980],{"class":66},[56,111815,938],{"class":937},[56,111817,3546],{"class":941},[56,111819,938],{"class":937},[56,111821,1080],{"class":66},[56,111823,1448],{"class":937},[56,111825,3555],{"class":941},[56,111827,938],{"class":937},[56,111829,1080],{"class":66},[56,111831,1448],{"class":937},[56,111833,32729],{"class":941},[56,111835,938],{"class":937},[56,111837,8797],{"class":66},[56,111839,111840,111843,111845,111847,111849,111851,111853,111855,111857,111859,111861,111863,111865,111867,111869],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,111841,111842],{"class":284},"fruits2 ",[56,111844,288],{"class":75},[56,111846,9980],{"class":66},[56,111848,938],{"class":937},[56,111850,3555],{"class":941},[56,111852,938],{"class":937},[56,111854,1080],{"class":66},[56,111856,1448],{"class":937},[56,111858,22036],{"class":941},[56,111860,938],{"class":937},[56,111862,1080],{"class":66},[56,111864,1448],{"class":937},[56,111866,32729],{"class":941},[56,111868,938],{"class":937},[56,111870,8797],{"class":66},[56,111872,111873],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,111874,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,111876,111877,111879,111881,111884,111886,111888,111890,111893],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,111878,299],{"class":284},[56,111880,288],{"class":75},[56,111882,111883],{"class":284}," fruits1",[56,111885,497],{"class":66},[56,111887,110796],{"class":237},[56,111889,67],{"class":66},[56,111891,111892],{"class":237},"fruits2",[56,111894,241],{"class":66},[56,111896,111897],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,111898,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,111900,111901,111903,111905,111907],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,111902,63],{"class":62},[56,111904,67],{"class":66},[56,111906,338],{"class":237},[56,111908,241],{"class":66},[56,111910,111911,111913,111915,111918],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,111912,63],{"class":62},[56,111914,67],{"class":66},[56,111916,111917],{"class":237},"fruits1",[56,111919,241],{"class":66},[14,111921,29536],{},[47,111923,111925],{"className":49,"code":111924,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[18,111926,111927,111963],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,111928,111929,111931,111933,111935,111937,111939,111941,111943,111945,111947,111949,111951,111953,111955,111957,111959,111961],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,111930,8766],{"class":66},[56,111932,1394],{"class":937},[56,111934,3555],{"class":941},[56,111936,1394],{"class":937},[56,111938,1080],{"class":66},[56,111940,1389],{"class":937},[56,111942,32729],{"class":941},[56,111944,1394],{"class":937},[56,111946,1080],{"class":66},[56,111948,1389],{"class":937},[56,111950,3546],{"class":941},[56,111952,1394],{"class":937},[56,111954,1080],{"class":66},[56,111956,1389],{"class":937},[56,111958,22036],{"class":941},[56,111960,1394],{"class":937},[56,111962,8797],{"class":66},[56,111964,111965,111967,111969,111971,111973,111975,111977,111979,111981,111983,111985,111987,111989],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,111966,8766],{"class":66},[56,111968,1394],{"class":937},[56,111970,3555],{"class":941},[56,111972,1394],{"class":937},[56,111974,1080],{"class":66},[56,111976,1389],{"class":937},[56,111978,32729],{"class":941},[56,111980,1394],{"class":937},[56,111982,1080],{"class":66},[56,111984,1389],{"class":937},[56,111986,3546],{"class":941},[56,111988,1394],{"class":937},[56,111990,8797],{"class":66},[14,111992,111993],{},"What this shows:",[26,111995,111996,112003,112006],{},[29,111997,111998,3862,112000,112002],{},[18,111999,64798],{},[18,112001,65225],{}," appear in both sets",[29,112004,112005],{},"they appear only once in the result",[29,112007,112008,112010],{},[18,112009,111917],{}," stays unchanged",[42,112012,7902,112014,100685],{"id":112013},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[18,112015,102326],{},[14,112017,112018],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[47,112020,112022],{"className":49,"code":112021,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,112023,112024,112040,112056,112073,112090,112094,112121,112125],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112025,112026,112028,112030,112032,112034,112036,112038],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112027,110228],{"class":284},[56,112029,288],{"class":75},[56,112031,9980],{"class":66},[56,112033,1077],{"class":79},[56,112035,1080],{"class":66},[56,112037,1083],{"class":79},[56,112039,8797],{"class":66},[56,112041,112042,112044,112046,112048,112050,112052,112054],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,112043,110249],{"class":284},[56,112045,288],{"class":75},[56,112047,9980],{"class":66},[56,112049,115],{"class":79},[56,112051,1080],{"class":66},[56,112053,529],{"class":79},[56,112055,8797],{"class":66},[56,112057,112058,112061,112063,112065,112067,112069,112071],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,112059,112060],{"class":284},"set3 ",[56,112062,288],{"class":75},[56,112064,9980],{"class":66},[56,112066,121],{"class":79},[56,112068,1080],{"class":66},[56,112070,535],{"class":79},[56,112072,8797],{"class":66},[56,112074,112075,112078,112080,112082,112084,112086,112088],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,112076,112077],{"class":284},"set4 ",[56,112079,288],{"class":75},[56,112081,9980],{"class":66},[56,112083,584],{"class":79},[56,112085,1080],{"class":66},[56,112087,4075],{"class":79},[56,112089,8797],{"class":66},[56,112091,112092],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,112093,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,112095,112096,112098,112100,112102,112104,112106,112108,112110,112112,112114,112116,112119],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,112097,299],{"class":284},[56,112099,288],{"class":75},[56,112101,110278],{"class":284},[56,112103,497],{"class":66},[56,112105,110796],{"class":237},[56,112107,67],{"class":66},[56,112109,100121],{"class":237},[56,112111,1080],{"class":66},[56,112113,100148],{"class":237},[56,112115,1080],{"class":66},[56,112117,112118],{"class":237}," set4",[56,112120,241],{"class":66},[56,112122,112123],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,112124,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,112126,112127,112129,112131,112133],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,112128,63],{"class":62},[56,112130,67],{"class":66},[56,112132,338],{"class":237},[56,112134,241],{"class":66},[14,112136,29536],{},[47,112138,112140],{"className":49,"code":112139,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,112141,112142],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112143,112144,112146,112148,112150,112152,112154,112156,112158,112160,112162,112164],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112145,8766],{"class":66},[56,112147,1077],{"class":79},[56,112149,1080],{"class":66},[56,112151,1083],{"class":79},[56,112153,1080],{"class":66},[56,112155,529],{"class":79},[56,112157,1080],{"class":66},[56,112159,535],{"class":79},[56,112161,1080],{"class":66},[56,112163,4075],{"class":79},[56,112165,8797],{"class":66},[14,112167,112168],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[42,112170,7902,112172,112174],{"id":112171},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[18,112173,102326],{}," with other iterables",[14,112176,112177,112179],{},[18,112178,102326],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[615,112181,112183],{"id":112182},"with-a-list","With a list",[47,112185,112187],{"className":49,"code":112186,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[18,112188,112189,112209,112233,112237,112255],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112190,112191,112193,112195,112197,112199,112201,112203,112205,112207],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112192,3075],{"class":284},[56,112194,288],{"class":75},[56,112196,9980],{"class":66},[56,112198,1077],{"class":79},[56,112200,1080],{"class":66},[56,112202,1083],{"class":79},[56,112204,1080],{"class":66},[56,112206,529],{"class":79},[56,112208,8797],{"class":66},[56,112210,112211,112213,112215,112217,112219,112221,112223,112225,112227,112229,112231],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,112212,60570],{"class":284},[56,112214,288],{"class":75},[56,112216,3080],{"class":66},[56,112218,121],{"class":79},[56,112220,1080],{"class":66},[56,112222,535],{"class":79},[56,112224,1080],{"class":66},[56,112226,4075],{"class":79},[56,112228,1080],{"class":66},[56,112230,4075],{"class":79},[56,112232,3093],{"class":66},[56,112234,112235],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,112236,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,112238,112239,112241,112243,112245,112247,112249,112251,112253],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,112240,299],{"class":284},[56,112242,288],{"class":75},[56,112244,3731],{"class":284},[56,112246,497],{"class":66},[56,112248,110796],{"class":237},[56,112250,67],{"class":66},[56,112252,60599],{"class":237},[56,112254,241],{"class":66},[56,112256,112257,112259,112261,112263],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,112258,63],{"class":62},[56,112260,67],{"class":66},[56,112262,338],{"class":237},[56,112264,241],{"class":66},[14,112266,29536],{},[47,112268,112269],{"className":49,"code":112139,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,112270,112271],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112272,112273,112275,112277,112279,112281,112283,112285,112287,112289,112291,112293],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112274,8766],{"class":66},[56,112276,1077],{"class":79},[56,112278,1080],{"class":66},[56,112280,1083],{"class":79},[56,112282,1080],{"class":66},[56,112284,529],{"class":79},[56,112286,1080],{"class":66},[56,112288,535],{"class":79},[56,112290,1080],{"class":66},[56,112292,4075],{"class":79},[56,112294,8797],{"class":66},[14,112296,20480,112297,112299],{},[18,112298,198],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[615,112301,112303],{"id":112302},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[47,112305,112307],{"className":49,"code":112306,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[18,112308,112309,112333,112366,112370,112389],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112310,112311,112313,112315,112317,112319,112321,112323,112325,112327,112329,112331],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112312,35602],{"class":284},[56,112314,288],{"class":75},[56,112316,9980],{"class":66},[56,112318,938],{"class":937},[56,112320,372],{"class":941},[56,112322,938],{"class":937},[56,112324,1080],{"class":66},[56,112326,1448],{"class":937},[56,112328,4232],{"class":941},[56,112330,938],{"class":937},[56,112332,8797],{"class":66},[56,112334,112335,112338,112340,112342,112344,112346,112348,112350,112352,112354,112356,112358,112360,112362,112364],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,112336,112337],{"class":284},"more_letters ",[56,112339,288],{"class":75},[56,112341,8724],{"class":66},[56,112343,938],{"class":937},[56,112345,4232],{"class":941},[56,112347,938],{"class":937},[56,112349,1080],{"class":66},[56,112351,1448],{"class":937},[56,112353,9228],{"class":941},[56,112355,938],{"class":937},[56,112357,1080],{"class":66},[56,112359,1448],{"class":937},[56,112361,18269],{"class":941},[56,112363,938],{"class":937},[56,112365,241],{"class":66},[56,112367,112368],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,112369,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,112371,112372,112374,112376,112378,112380,112382,112384,112387],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,112373,299],{"class":284},[56,112375,288],{"class":75},[56,112377,69620],{"class":284},[56,112379,497],{"class":66},[56,112381,110796],{"class":237},[56,112383,67],{"class":66},[56,112385,112386],{"class":237},"more_letters",[56,112388,241],{"class":66},[56,112390,112391,112393,112395,112397],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,112392,63],{"class":62},[56,112394,67],{"class":66},[56,112396,338],{"class":237},[56,112398,241],{"class":66},[14,112400,29536],{},[47,112402,112404],{"className":49,"code":112403,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[18,112405,112406],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112407,112408,112410,112412,112414,112416,112418,112420,112422,112424,112426,112428,112430,112432,112434,112436,112438,112440],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112409,8766],{"class":66},[56,112411,1394],{"class":937},[56,112413,372],{"class":941},[56,112415,1394],{"class":937},[56,112417,1080],{"class":66},[56,112419,1389],{"class":937},[56,112421,4232],{"class":941},[56,112423,1394],{"class":937},[56,112425,1080],{"class":66},[56,112427,1389],{"class":937},[56,112429,9228],{"class":941},[56,112431,1394],{"class":937},[56,112433,1080],{"class":66},[56,112435,1389],{"class":937},[56,112437,18269],{"class":941},[56,112439,1394],{"class":937},[56,112441,8797],{"class":66},[615,112443,112445],{"id":112444},"with-a-string","With a string",[14,112447,112448],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[47,112450,112452],{"className":49,"code":112451,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,112453,112454,112479,112502,112506],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112455,112456,112459,112461,112463,112465,112467,112469,112471,112473,112475,112477],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112457,112458],{"class":284},"chars ",[56,112460,288],{"class":75},[56,112462,9980],{"class":66},[56,112464,938],{"class":937},[56,112466,372],{"class":941},[56,112468,938],{"class":937},[56,112470,1080],{"class":66},[56,112472,1448],{"class":937},[56,112474,4232],{"class":941},[56,112476,938],{"class":937},[56,112478,8797],{"class":66},[56,112480,112481,112483,112485,112488,112490,112492,112494,112496,112498,112500],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,112482,299],{"class":284},[56,112484,288],{"class":75},[56,112486,112487],{"class":284}," chars",[56,112489,497],{"class":66},[56,112491,110796],{"class":237},[56,112493,67],{"class":66},[56,112495,938],{"class":937},[56,112497,36560],{"class":941},[56,112499,938],{"class":937},[56,112501,241],{"class":66},[56,112503,112504],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,112505,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,112507,112508,112510,112512,112514],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,112509,63],{"class":62},[56,112511,67],{"class":66},[56,112513,338],{"class":237},[56,112515,241],{"class":66},[14,112517,29536],{},[47,112519,112521],{"className":49,"code":112520,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[18,112522,112523],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112524,112525,112527,112529,112531,112533,112535,112537,112539,112541,112543,112545,112547,112549,112551,112553,112555,112557],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112526,8766],{"class":66},[56,112528,1394],{"class":937},[56,112530,372],{"class":941},[56,112532,1394],{"class":937},[56,112534,1080],{"class":66},[56,112536,1389],{"class":937},[56,112538,4232],{"class":941},[56,112540,1394],{"class":937},[56,112542,1080],{"class":66},[56,112544,1389],{"class":937},[56,112546,9228],{"class":941},[56,112548,1394],{"class":937},[56,112550,1080],{"class":66},[56,112552,1389],{"class":937},[56,112554,62810],{"class":941},[56,112556,1394],{"class":937},[56,112558,8797],{"class":66},[14,112560,21692,112561,112564],{},[18,112562,112563],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[26,112566,112567,112571,112575],{},[29,112568,112569],{},[18,112570,66005],{},[29,112572,112573],{},[18,112574,17597],{},[29,112576,112577],{},[18,112578,112579],{},"\"t\"",[42,112581,112583,10075,112585],{"id":112582},"union-vs-update",[18,112584,102326],{},[18,112586,14452],{},[14,112588,112589,3862,112591,112593],{},[18,112590,102326],{},[18,112592,14452],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[615,112595,112596],{"id":110796},[18,112597,102326],{},[26,112599,112600,112602],{},[29,112601,110158],{},[29,112603,110167],{},[47,112605,112606],{"className":49,"code":111691,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,112607,112608,112624,112640,112644,112662,112666,112678],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112609,112610,112612,112614,112616,112618,112620,112622],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112611,635],{"class":284},[56,112613,288],{"class":75},[56,112615,9980],{"class":66},[56,112617,1077],{"class":79},[56,112619,1080],{"class":66},[56,112621,1083],{"class":79},[56,112623,8797],{"class":66},[56,112625,112626,112628,112630,112632,112634,112636,112638],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,112627,663],{"class":284},[56,112629,288],{"class":75},[56,112631,9980],{"class":66},[56,112633,115],{"class":79},[56,112635,1080],{"class":66},[56,112637,529],{"class":79},[56,112639,8797],{"class":66},[56,112641,112642],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,112643,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,112645,112646,112648,112650,112652,112654,112656,112658,112660],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,112647,299],{"class":284},[56,112649,288],{"class":75},[56,112651,56409],{"class":284},[56,112653,497],{"class":66},[56,112655,110796],{"class":237},[56,112657,67],{"class":66},[56,112659,4232],{"class":237},[56,112661,241],{"class":66},[56,112663,112664],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,112665,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,112667,112668,112670,112672,112674,112676],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,112669,63],{"class":62},[56,112671,67],{"class":66},[56,112673,338],{"class":237},[56,112675,3120],{"class":66},[56,112677,111764],{"class":3123},[56,112679,112680,112682,112684,112686,112688],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,112681,63],{"class":62},[56,112683,67],{"class":66},[56,112685,372],{"class":237},[56,112687,3120],{"class":66},[56,112689,111777],{"class":3123},[615,112691,112692],{"id":29971},[18,112693,14452],{},[26,112695,112696,112699],{},[29,112697,112698],{},"changes the existing set in place",[29,112700,112701],{},"does not create a separate result set",[47,112703,112705],{"className":49,"code":112704,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,112706,112707,112723,112739,112743,112757,112761],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112708,112709,112711,112713,112715,112717,112719,112721],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112710,635],{"class":284},[56,112712,288],{"class":75},[56,112714,9980],{"class":66},[56,112716,1077],{"class":79},[56,112718,1080],{"class":66},[56,112720,1083],{"class":79},[56,112722,8797],{"class":66},[56,112724,112725,112727,112729,112731,112733,112735,112737],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,112726,663],{"class":284},[56,112728,288],{"class":75},[56,112730,9980],{"class":66},[56,112732,115],{"class":79},[56,112734,1080],{"class":66},[56,112736,529],{"class":79},[56,112738,8797],{"class":66},[56,112740,112741],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,112742,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,112744,112745,112747,112749,112751,112753,112755],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,112746,372],{"class":284},[56,112748,497],{"class":66},[56,112750,29971],{"class":237},[56,112752,67],{"class":66},[56,112754,4232],{"class":237},[56,112756,241],{"class":66},[56,112758,112759],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,112760,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,112762,112763,112765,112767,112769,112771],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,112764,63],{"class":62},[56,112766,67],{"class":66},[56,112768,372],{"class":237},[56,112770,3120],{"class":66},[56,112772,111764],{"class":3123},[14,112774,153,112775,112777],{},[18,112776,102326],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[14,112779,112780,112781,497],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[372,112782,3031,112783,10231],{"href":98046},[18,112784,96841],{},[42,112786,3988],{"id":3987},[615,112788,7938,112790,112792],{"id":112789},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[18,112791,102326],{}," to change the original set",[14,112794,81351],{},[47,112796,112798],{"className":49,"code":112797,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,112799,112800,112816,112832,112836,112850],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112801,112802,112804,112806,112808,112810,112812,112814],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112803,635],{"class":284},[56,112805,288],{"class":75},[56,112807,9980],{"class":66},[56,112809,1077],{"class":79},[56,112811,1080],{"class":66},[56,112813,1083],{"class":79},[56,112815,8797],{"class":66},[56,112817,112818,112820,112822,112824,112826,112828,112830],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,112819,663],{"class":284},[56,112821,288],{"class":75},[56,112823,9980],{"class":66},[56,112825,115],{"class":79},[56,112827,1080],{"class":66},[56,112829,529],{"class":79},[56,112831,8797],{"class":66},[56,112833,112834],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,112835,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,112837,112838,112840,112842,112844,112846,112848],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,112839,372],{"class":284},[56,112841,497],{"class":66},[56,112843,110796],{"class":237},[56,112845,67],{"class":66},[56,112847,4232],{"class":237},[56,112849,241],{"class":66},[56,112851,112852,112854,112856,112858],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,112853,63],{"class":62},[56,112855,67],{"class":66},[56,112857,372],{"class":237},[56,112859,241],{"class":66},[14,112861,130],{},[47,112863,112864],{"className":49,"code":100034,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,112865,112866],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112867,112868,112870,112872,112874,112876],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112869,8766],{"class":66},[56,112871,1077],{"class":79},[56,112873,1080],{"class":66},[56,112875,1083],{"class":79},[56,112877,8797],{"class":66},[14,112879,7981,112880,112882],{},[18,112881,102326],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[14,112884,112885],{},"Fix it like this:",[47,112887,112889],{"className":49,"code":112888,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[18,112890,112891,112907,112923,112927,112945],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112892,112893,112895,112897,112899,112901,112903,112905],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112894,635],{"class":284},[56,112896,288],{"class":75},[56,112898,9980],{"class":66},[56,112900,1077],{"class":79},[56,112902,1080],{"class":66},[56,112904,1083],{"class":79},[56,112906,8797],{"class":66},[56,112908,112909,112911,112913,112915,112917,112919,112921],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,112910,663],{"class":284},[56,112912,288],{"class":75},[56,112914,9980],{"class":66},[56,112916,115],{"class":79},[56,112918,1080],{"class":66},[56,112920,529],{"class":79},[56,112922,8797],{"class":66},[56,112924,112925],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,112926,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,112928,112929,112931,112933,112935,112937,112939,112941,112943],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,112930,635],{"class":284},[56,112932,288],{"class":75},[56,112934,56409],{"class":284},[56,112936,497],{"class":66},[56,112938,110796],{"class":237},[56,112940,67],{"class":66},[56,112942,4232],{"class":237},[56,112944,241],{"class":66},[56,112946,112947,112949,112951,112953],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,112948,63],{"class":62},[56,112950,67],{"class":66},[56,112952,372],{"class":237},[56,112954,241],{"class":66},[615,112956,112958],{"id":112957},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[14,112960,112961],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[47,112963,112965],{"className":49,"code":112964,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[18,112966,112967,112983,112999,113003],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,112968,112969,112971,112973,112975,112977,112979,112981],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,112970,635],{"class":284},[56,112972,288],{"class":75},[56,112974,9980],{"class":66},[56,112976,121],{"class":79},[56,112978,1080],{"class":66},[56,112980,4973],{"class":79},[56,112982,8797],{"class":66},[56,112984,112985,112987,112989,112991,112993,112995,112997],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,112986,663],{"class":284},[56,112988,288],{"class":75},[56,112990,9980],{"class":66},[56,112992,115],{"class":79},[56,112994,1080],{"class":66},[56,112996,535],{"class":79},[56,112998,8797],{"class":66},[56,113000,113001],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,113002,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,113004,113005,113007,113009,113011,113013,113015,113017,113019],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,113006,63],{"class":62},[56,113008,67],{"class":66},[56,113010,372],{"class":237},[56,113012,497],{"class":66},[56,113014,110796],{"class":237},[56,113016,67],{"class":66},[56,113018,4232],{"class":237},[56,113020,83],{"class":66},[14,113022,113023],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[615,113025,113027],{"id":113026},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[47,113029,113031],{"className":49,"code":113030,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,113032,113033,113049,113071],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113034,113035,113037,113039,113041,113043,113045,113047],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113036,3537],{"class":284},[56,113038,288],{"class":75},[56,113040,9980],{"class":66},[56,113042,938],{"class":937},[56,113044,57649],{"class":941},[56,113046,938],{"class":937},[56,113048,8797],{"class":66},[56,113050,113051,113053,113055,113057,113059,113061,113063,113065,113067,113069],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,113052,299],{"class":284},[56,113054,288],{"class":75},[56,113056,5645],{"class":284},[56,113058,497],{"class":66},[56,113060,110796],{"class":237},[56,113062,67],{"class":66},[56,113064,938],{"class":937},[56,113066,36560],{"class":941},[56,113068,938],{"class":937},[56,113070,241],{"class":66},[56,113072,113073,113075,113077,113079],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,113074,63],{"class":62},[56,113076,67],{"class":66},[56,113078,338],{"class":237},[56,113080,241],{"class":66},[14,113082,113083,113084,255,113086,16572,113088,113090,113091,113093],{},"This adds ",[18,113085,66005],{},[18,113087,17597],{},[18,113089,112579],{}," as separate items, not ",[18,113092,112563],{}," as one item.",[14,113095,113096],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[47,113098,113100],{"className":49,"code":113099,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[18,113101,113102,113118,113140],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113103,113104,113106,113108,113110,113112,113114,113116],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113105,3537],{"class":284},[56,113107,288],{"class":75},[56,113109,9980],{"class":66},[56,113111,938],{"class":937},[56,113113,57649],{"class":941},[56,113115,938],{"class":937},[56,113117,8797],{"class":66},[56,113119,113120,113122,113124,113126,113128,113130,113132,113134,113136,113138],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,113121,299],{"class":284},[56,113123,288],{"class":75},[56,113125,5645],{"class":284},[56,113127,497],{"class":66},[56,113129,110796],{"class":237},[56,113131,1074],{"class":66},[56,113133,938],{"class":937},[56,113135,36560],{"class":941},[56,113137,938],{"class":937},[56,113139,3354],{"class":66},[56,113141,113142,113144,113146,113148],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,113143,63],{"class":62},[56,113145,67],{"class":66},[56,113147,338],{"class":237},[56,113149,241],{"class":66},[615,113151,113153],{"id":113152},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[14,113155,919],{},[47,113157,113159],{"className":49,"code":113158,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[18,113160,113161],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113162,113163,113165,113167,113169,113171,113173,113175,113177,113179,113181,113183,113185],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113164,15127],{"class":284},[56,113166,288],{"class":75},[56,113168,9980],{"class":66},[56,113170,1077],{"class":79},[56,113172,1080],{"class":66},[56,113174,1083],{"class":79},[56,113176,1080],{"class":66},[56,113178,3080],{"class":66},[56,113180,121],{"class":79},[56,113182,1080],{"class":66},[56,113184,535],{"class":79},[56,113186,13203],{"class":66},[14,113188,113189],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[14,113191,113192,113193,971],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[18,113194,102326],{},[47,113196,113198],{"className":49,"code":113197,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[18,113199,113200,113216,113238],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113201,113202,113204,113206,113208,113210,113212,113214],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113203,15127],{"class":284},[56,113205,288],{"class":75},[56,113207,9980],{"class":66},[56,113209,1077],{"class":79},[56,113211,1080],{"class":66},[56,113213,1083],{"class":79},[56,113215,8797],{"class":66},[56,113217,113218,113220,113222,113224,113226,113228,113230,113232,113234,113236],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,113219,299],{"class":284},[56,113221,288],{"class":75},[56,113223,96451],{"class":284},[56,113225,497],{"class":66},[56,113227,110796],{"class":237},[56,113229,1074],{"class":66},[56,113231,121],{"class":79},[56,113233,1080],{"class":66},[56,113235,535],{"class":79},[56,113237,3354],{"class":66},[56,113239,113240,113242,113244,113246],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,113241,63],{"class":62},[56,113243,67],{"class":66},[56,113245,338],{"class":237},[56,113247,241],{"class":66},[42,113249,113251],{"id":113250},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[14,113253,113254],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[26,113256,113257,113263,113270,113273],{},[29,113258,113259,113260,113262],{},"call ",[18,113261,102326],{}," without saving the returned set",[29,113264,113265,113266,8191,113268],{},"confuse ",[18,113267,102326],{},[18,113269,14452],{},[29,113271,113272],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[29,113274,113275],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[14,113277,113278,113279,3862,113283,497],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[372,113280,3031,113281,10231],{"href":102315},[18,113282,106100],{},[372,113284,3031,113286,10231],{"href":113285},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[18,113287,99946],{},[14,113289,61818],{},[47,113291,113293],{"className":49,"code":113292,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[18,113294,113295,113305,113319,113329],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113296,113297,113299,113301,113303],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113298,63],{"class":62},[56,113300,67],{"class":66},[56,113302,15165],{"class":237},[56,113304,241],{"class":66},[56,113306,113307,113309,113311,113313,113315,113317],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,113308,63],{"class":62},[56,113310,67],{"class":66},[56,113312,1314],{"class":989},[56,113314,67],{"class":66},[56,113316,15165],{"class":237},[56,113318,83],{"class":66},[56,113320,113321,113323,113325,113327],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,113322,63],{"class":62},[56,113324,67],{"class":66},[56,113326,338],{"class":237},[56,113328,241],{"class":66},[56,113330,113331,113333,113335,113337,113339,113341],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,113332,31660],{"class":62},[56,113334,67],{"class":66},[56,113336,5764],{"class":989},[56,113338,497],{"class":66},[56,113340,110796],{"class":24254},[56,113342,241],{"class":66},[42,113344,1553],{"id":1552},[615,113346,12199,113348,102266],{"id":113347},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[18,113349,107570],{},[14,113351,102269],{},[615,113353,4643,113355,113357],{"id":113354},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[18,113356,102326],{}," combine more than two sets?",[14,113359,113360],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[615,113362,27834,113364,113366],{"id":113363},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[18,113365,102326],{}," with a list or tuple?",[14,113368,41668,113369,113371],{},[18,113370,102326],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[615,113373,113375],{"id":113374},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[14,113377,113378],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[615,113380,4653,113382,3862,113384,571],{"id":113381},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[18,113383,102326],{},[18,113385,113386],{},"|",[14,113388,113389,113390,113392,113393,113395],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[18,113391,113386],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[18,113394,102326],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[42,113397,1601],{"id":1600},[26,113399,113400,113404,113410,113416,113422],{},[29,113401,113402],{},[372,113403,95855],{"href":97026},[29,113405,113406],{},[372,113407,3031,113408,10231],{"href":98046},[18,113409,96841],{},[29,113411,113412],{},[372,113413,3031,113414,10231],{"href":102315},[18,113415,106100],{},[29,113417,113418],{},[372,113419,3031,113420,10231],{"href":113285},[18,113421,99946],{},[29,113423,113424],{},[372,113425,99871],{"href":98604},[1633,113427,113428],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":113430},[113431,113432,113434,113435,113436,113437,113439,113445,113450,113457,113458,113469],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":111526,"depth":86,"text":113433},"What set.union() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":21472,"depth":86,"text":21473},{"id":10967,"depth":86,"text":10968},{"id":112013,"depth":86,"text":113438},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112171,"depth":86,"text":113440,"children":113441},"Using union() with other iterables",[113442,113443,113444],{"id":112182,"depth":102,"text":112183},{"id":112302,"depth":102,"text":112303},{"id":112444,"depth":102,"text":112445},{"id":112582,"depth":86,"text":113446,"children":113447},"union() vs update()",[113448,113449],{"id":110796,"depth":102,"text":102326},{"id":29971,"depth":102,"text":14452},{"id":3987,"depth":86,"text":3988,"children":113451},[113452,113454,113455,113456],{"id":112789,"depth":102,"text":113453},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":112957,"depth":102,"text":112958},{"id":113026,"depth":102,"text":113027},{"id":113152,"depth":102,"text":113153},{"id":113250,"depth":86,"text":113251},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":113459},[113460,113462,113464,113466,113467],{"id":113347,"depth":102,"text":113461},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113354,"depth":102,"text":113463},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113363,"depth":102,"text":113465},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113374,"depth":102,"text":113375},{"id":113381,"depth":102,"text":113468},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111406,"description":113470},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113476,"title":113477,"body":113478,"description":115367,"extension":1665,"meta":115368,"navigation":316,"path":96340,"seo":115369,"stem":115370,"__hash__":115371},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113479,"toc":115333},[113480,113485,113490,113498,113500,113558,113563,113568,113572,113584,113587,113661,113666,113668,113670,113689,113691,113708,113711,113738,113740,113810,113814,113816,113822,113824,113885,113890,113892,113949,113953,113958,114023,114025,114045,114052,114056,114061,114146,114149,114156,114259,114263,114268,114326,114329,114340,114354,114361,114419,114426,114429,114439,114443,114501,114505,114571,114574,114632,114639,114646,114649,114653,114662,114731,114735,114741,114829,114839,114843,114847,114851,114854,114915,114920,114977,114981,114983,115018,115025,115027,115081,115088,115092,115095,115160,115169,115175,115232,115234,115239,115243,115247,115250,115257,115265,115269,115274,115278,115284,115286,115321,115330],[10,113481,95727,113483,10814],{"id":113482},"python-set-update-method",[18,113484,14452],{},[14,113486,113487,113489],{},[18,113488,96841],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[14,113491,113492,113493,113497],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[372,113494,113495],{"href":98027},[18,113496,95735],{},", which adds only one item.",[42,113499,3065],{"id":3064},[47,113501,113503],{"className":49,"code":113502,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,113504,113505,113521,113543,113553],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113506,113507,113509,113511,113513,113515,113517,113519],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113508,3075],{"class":284},[56,113510,288],{"class":75},[56,113512,9980],{"class":66},[56,113514,1077],{"class":79},[56,113516,1080],{"class":66},[56,113518,1083],{"class":79},[56,113520,8797],{"class":66},[56,113522,113523,113525,113527,113529,113531,113533,113535,113537,113539,113541],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,113524,3107],{"class":284},[56,113526,497],{"class":66},[56,113528,29971],{"class":237},[56,113530,1074],{"class":66},[56,113532,115],{"class":79},[56,113534,1080],{"class":66},[56,113536,529],{"class":79},[56,113538,1080],{"class":66},[56,113540,535],{"class":79},[56,113542,3354],{"class":66},[56,113544,113545,113547,113549,113551],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,113546,63],{"class":62},[56,113548,67],{"class":66},[56,113550,3107],{"class":237},[56,113552,241],{"class":66},[56,113554,113555],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,113556,113557],{"class":3123},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[14,113559,153,113560,113562],{},[18,113561,14452],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[42,113564,3138,113566,3141],{"id":113565},"what-setupdate-does",[18,113567,96841],{},[14,113569,113570,971],{},[18,113571,96841],{},[26,113573,113574,113577,113579,113582],{},[29,113575,113576],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[29,113578,95842],{},[29,113580,113581],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[29,113583,95845],{},[14,113585,113586],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[47,113588,113590],{"className":49,"code":113589,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[18,113591,113592,113616,113642,113646,113656],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113593,113594,113596,113598,113600,113602,113604,113606,113608,113610,113612,113614],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113595,12572],{"class":284},[56,113597,288],{"class":75},[56,113599,9980],{"class":66},[56,113601,938],{"class":937},[56,113603,12589],{"class":941},[56,113605,938],{"class":937},[56,113607,1080],{"class":66},[56,113609,1448],{"class":937},[56,113611,12606],{"class":941},[56,113613,938],{"class":937},[56,113615,8797],{"class":66},[56,113617,113618,113620,113622,113624,113626,113628,113630,113632,113634,113636,113638,113640],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,113619,17003],{"class":284},[56,113621,497],{"class":66},[56,113623,29971],{"class":237},[56,113625,1074],{"class":66},[56,113627,938],{"class":937},[56,113629,12606],{"class":941},[56,113631,938],{"class":937},[56,113633,1080],{"class":66},[56,113635,1448],{"class":937},[56,113637,16956],{"class":941},[56,113639,938],{"class":937},[56,113641,3354],{"class":66},[56,113643,113644],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,113645,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,113647,113648,113650,113652,113654],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,113649,63],{"class":62},[56,113651,67],{"class":66},[56,113653,17003],{"class":237},[56,113655,241],{"class":66},[56,113657,113658],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,113659,113660],{"class":3123},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[14,113662,20480,113663,113665],{},[18,113664,110561],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[42,113667,220],{"id":219},[14,113669,6698],{},[47,113671,113673],{"className":49,"code":113672,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[18,113674,113675],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113676,113677,113679,113681,113683,113685,113687],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113678,15165],{"class":284},[56,113680,497],{"class":66},[56,113682,29971],{"class":237},[56,113684,67],{"class":66},[56,113686,3182],{"class":237},[56,113688,241],{"class":66},[14,113690,79727],{},[26,113692,113693,113696,113699,113702,113705],{},[29,113694,113695],{},"A list",[29,113697,113698],{},"A tuple",[29,113700,113701],{},"Another set",[29,113703,113704],{},"A string",[29,113706,113707],{},"Any other iterable",[14,113709,113710],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[47,113712,113714],{"className":49,"code":113713,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[18,113715,113716],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113717,113718,113720,113722,113724,113726,113728,113730,113732,113734,113736],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113719,15165],{"class":284},[56,113721,497],{"class":66},[56,113723,29971],{"class":237},[56,113725,67],{"class":66},[56,113727,372],{"class":237},[56,113729,1080],{"class":66},[56,113731,640],{"class":237},[56,113733,1080],{"class":66},[56,113735,9170],{"class":237},[56,113737,241],{"class":66},[14,113739,274],{},[47,113741,113743],{"className":49,"code":113742,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[18,113744,113745,113757,113791,113795,113805],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113746,113747,113749,113751,113753,113755],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113748,3286],{"class":284},[56,113750,288],{"class":75},[56,113752,9980],{"class":66},[56,113754,1077],{"class":79},[56,113756,8797],{"class":66},[56,113758,113759,113761,113763,113765,113767,113769,113771,113773,113775,113777,113779,113781,113783,113785,113787,113789],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,113760,4833],{"class":284},[56,113762,497],{"class":66},[56,113764,29971],{"class":237},[56,113766,1074],{"class":66},[56,113768,115],{"class":79},[56,113770,1080],{"class":66},[56,113772,529],{"class":79},[56,113774,17563],{"class":66},[56,113776,8724],{"class":66},[56,113778,584],{"class":79},[56,113780,1080],{"class":66},[56,113782,4075],{"class":79},[56,113784,8721],{"class":66},[56,113786,9980],{"class":66},[56,113788,80118],{"class":79},[56,113790,30003],{"class":66},[56,113792,113793],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,113794,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,113796,113797,113799,113801,113803],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,113798,63],{"class":62},[56,113800,67],{"class":66},[56,113802,4833],{"class":237},[56,113804,241],{"class":66},[56,113806,113807],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,113808,113809],{"class":3123},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[14,113811,95851,113812,497],{},[372,113813,95859],{"href":97410},[42,113815,21473],{"id":21472},[14,113817,113818,473,113820,497],{},[18,113819,96841],{},[18,113821,3241],{},[14,113823,11208],{},[47,113825,113827],{"className":49,"code":113826,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,113828,113829,113845,113867,113871,113881],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113830,113831,113833,113835,113837,113839,113841,113843],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113832,3075],{"class":284},[56,113834,288],{"class":75},[56,113836,9980],{"class":66},[56,113838,1077],{"class":79},[56,113840,1080],{"class":66},[56,113842,1083],{"class":79},[56,113844,8797],{"class":66},[56,113846,113847,113849,113851,113853,113855,113857,113859,113861,113863,113865],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,113848,299],{"class":284},[56,113850,288],{"class":75},[56,113852,3731],{"class":284},[56,113854,497],{"class":66},[56,113856,29971],{"class":237},[56,113858,1074],{"class":66},[56,113860,121],{"class":79},[56,113862,1080],{"class":66},[56,113864,535],{"class":79},[56,113866,3354],{"class":66},[56,113868,113869],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,113870,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,113872,113873,113875,113877,113879],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,113874,63],{"class":62},[56,113876,67],{"class":66},[56,113878,338],{"class":237},[56,113880,241],{"class":66},[56,113882,113883],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,113884,61354],{"class":3123},[14,113886,113887,113888,497],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[18,113889,338],{},[14,113891,18470],{},[47,113893,113895],{"className":49,"code":113894,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,113896,113897,113913,113931,113935,113945],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113898,113899,113901,113903,113905,113907,113909,113911],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113900,3075],{"class":284},[56,113902,288],{"class":75},[56,113904,9980],{"class":66},[56,113906,1077],{"class":79},[56,113908,1080],{"class":66},[56,113910,1083],{"class":79},[56,113912,8797],{"class":66},[56,113914,113915,113917,113919,113921,113923,113925,113927,113929],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,113916,3107],{"class":284},[56,113918,497],{"class":66},[56,113920,29971],{"class":237},[56,113922,1074],{"class":66},[56,113924,121],{"class":79},[56,113926,1080],{"class":66},[56,113928,535],{"class":79},[56,113930,3354],{"class":66},[56,113932,113933],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,113934,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,113936,113937,113939,113941,113943],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,113938,63],{"class":62},[56,113940,67],{"class":66},[56,113942,3107],{"class":237},[56,113944,241],{"class":66},[56,113946,113947],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,113948,113557],{"class":3123},[42,113950,113952],{"id":113951},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[14,113954,113955,113956,497],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[18,113957,14452],{},[47,113959,113961],{"className":49,"code":113960,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,113962,113963,113979,114005,114009,114019],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,113964,113965,113967,113969,113971,113973,113975,113977],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,113966,3075],{"class":284},[56,113968,288],{"class":75},[56,113970,9980],{"class":66},[56,113972,1077],{"class":79},[56,113974,1080],{"class":66},[56,113976,1083],{"class":79},[56,113978,8797],{"class":66},[56,113980,113981,113983,113985,113987,113989,113991,113993,113995,113997,113999,114001,114003],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,113982,3107],{"class":284},[56,113984,497],{"class":66},[56,113986,29971],{"class":237},[56,113988,1074],{"class":66},[56,113990,115],{"class":79},[56,113992,1080],{"class":66},[56,113994,529],{"class":79},[56,113996,1080],{"class":66},[56,113998,535],{"class":79},[56,114000,1080],{"class":66},[56,114002,535],{"class":79},[56,114004,3354],{"class":66},[56,114006,114007],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,114008,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,114010,114011,114013,114015,114017],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,114012,63],{"class":62},[56,114014,67],{"class":66},[56,114016,3107],{"class":237},[56,114018,241],{"class":66},[56,114020,114021],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,114022,113557],{"class":3123},[14,114024,11177],{},[26,114026,114027,114032,114039],{},[29,114028,114029,114031],{},[18,114030,115],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[29,114033,114034,3862,114036,114038],{},[18,114035,121],{},[18,114037,584],{}," are added",[29,114040,114041,114042,114044],{},"The second ",[18,114043,584],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[14,114046,114047,114048,114051],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[372,114049,114050],{"href":98604},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[42,114053,114055],{"id":114054},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[14,114057,7244,114058,114060],{},[18,114059,14452],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[47,114062,114064],{"className":49,"code":114063,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[18,114065,114066,114087,114108,114112,114128,114132,114142],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114067,114068,114071,114073,114075,114077,114079,114081,114083,114085],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114069,114070],{"class":284},"set_a ",[56,114072,288],{"class":75},[56,114074,9980],{"class":66},[56,114076,1077],{"class":79},[56,114078,1080],{"class":66},[56,114080,1083],{"class":79},[56,114082,1080],{"class":66},[56,114084,529],{"class":79},[56,114086,8797],{"class":66},[56,114088,114089,114092,114094,114096,114098,114100,114102,114104,114106],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,114090,114091],{"class":284},"set_b ",[56,114093,288],{"class":75},[56,114095,9980],{"class":66},[56,114097,121],{"class":79},[56,114099,1080],{"class":66},[56,114101,535],{"class":79},[56,114103,1080],{"class":66},[56,114105,4075],{"class":79},[56,114107,8797],{"class":66},[56,114109,114110],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,114111,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,114113,114114,114117,114119,114121,114123,114126],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,114115,114116],{"class":284},"set_a",[56,114118,497],{"class":66},[56,114120,29971],{"class":237},[56,114122,67],{"class":66},[56,114124,114125],{"class":237},"set_b",[56,114127,241],{"class":66},[56,114129,114130],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,114131,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,114133,114134,114136,114138,114140],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,114135,63],{"class":62},[56,114137,67],{"class":66},[56,114139,114116],{"class":237},[56,114141,241],{"class":66},[56,114143,114144],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,114145,111518],{"class":3123},[14,114147,114148],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[14,114150,114151,114152,497],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[372,114153,114154],{"href":102323},[18,114155,107570],{},[47,114157,114159],{"className":49,"code":114158,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,114160,114161,114181,114201,114205,114225,114229,114240,114244,114254],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114162,114163,114165,114167,114169,114171,114173,114175,114177,114179],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114164,114070],{"class":284},[56,114166,288],{"class":75},[56,114168,9980],{"class":66},[56,114170,1077],{"class":79},[56,114172,1080],{"class":66},[56,114174,1083],{"class":79},[56,114176,1080],{"class":66},[56,114178,529],{"class":79},[56,114180,8797],{"class":66},[56,114182,114183,114185,114187,114189,114191,114193,114195,114197,114199],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,114184,114091],{"class":284},[56,114186,288],{"class":75},[56,114188,9980],{"class":66},[56,114190,121],{"class":79},[56,114192,1080],{"class":66},[56,114194,535],{"class":79},[56,114196,1080],{"class":66},[56,114198,4075],{"class":79},[56,114200,8797],{"class":66},[56,114202,114203],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,114204,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,114206,114207,114210,114212,114215,114217,114219,114221,114223],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,114208,114209],{"class":284},"combined ",[56,114211,288],{"class":75},[56,114213,114214],{"class":284}," set_a",[56,114216,497],{"class":66},[56,114218,110796],{"class":237},[56,114220,67],{"class":66},[56,114222,114125],{"class":237},[56,114224,241],{"class":66},[56,114226,114227],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,114228,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,114230,114231,114233,114235,114238],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,114232,63],{"class":62},[56,114234,67],{"class":66},[56,114236,114237],{"class":237},"combined",[56,114239,241],{"class":66},[56,114241,114242],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,114243,111518],{"class":3123},[56,114245,114246,114248,114250,114252],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,114247,63],{"class":62},[56,114249,67],{"class":66},[56,114251,114116],{"class":237},[56,114253,241],{"class":66},[56,114255,114256],{"class":58,"line":5910},[56,114257,114258],{"class":3123},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[42,114260,114262],{"id":114261},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[14,114264,64263,114265,114267],{},[18,114266,14452],{}," adds each character separately.",[47,114269,114271],{"className":49,"code":114270,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[18,114272,114273,114289,114307,114311,114321],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114274,114275,114277,114279,114281,114283,114285,114287],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114276,35602],{"class":284},[56,114278,288],{"class":75},[56,114280,9980],{"class":66},[56,114282,938],{"class":937},[56,114284,238],{"class":941},[56,114286,938],{"class":937},[56,114288,8797],{"class":66},[56,114290,114291,114293,114295,114297,114299,114301,114303,114305],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,114292,35655],{"class":284},[56,114294,497],{"class":66},[56,114296,29971],{"class":237},[56,114298,67],{"class":66},[56,114300,938],{"class":937},[56,114302,36560],{"class":941},[56,114304,938],{"class":937},[56,114306,241],{"class":66},[56,114308,114309],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,114310,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,114312,114313,114315,114317,114319],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,114314,63],{"class":62},[56,114316,67],{"class":66},[56,114318,35655],{"class":237},[56,114320,241],{"class":66},[56,114322,114323],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,114324,114325],{"class":3123},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[14,114327,114328],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[14,114330,114331,13551,114334,114336,114337,114339],{},[18,114332,114333],{},"update(\"cat\")",[3205,114335,4101],{}," add ",[18,114338,112563],{}," as one item. It adds:",[26,114341,114342,114346,114350],{},[29,114343,114344],{},[18,114345,66005],{},[29,114347,114348],{},[18,114349,17597],{},[29,114351,114352],{},[18,114353,112579],{},[14,114355,114356,114357,971],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[372,114358,114359],{"href":98027},[18,114360,95735],{},[47,114362,114364],{"className":49,"code":114363,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[18,114365,114366,114382,114400,114404,114414],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114367,114368,114370,114372,114374,114376,114378,114380],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114369,3537],{"class":284},[56,114371,288],{"class":75},[56,114373,9980],{"class":66},[56,114375,938],{"class":937},[56,114377,57649],{"class":941},[56,114379,938],{"class":937},[56,114381,8797],{"class":66},[56,114383,114384,114386,114388,114390,114392,114394,114396,114398],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,114385,3581],{"class":284},[56,114387,497],{"class":66},[56,114389,81630],{"class":237},[56,114391,67],{"class":66},[56,114393,938],{"class":937},[56,114395,36560],{"class":941},[56,114397,938],{"class":937},[56,114399,241],{"class":66},[56,114401,114402],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,114403,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,114405,114406,114408,114410,114412],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,114407,63],{"class":62},[56,114409,67],{"class":66},[56,114411,3581],{"class":237},[56,114413,241],{"class":66},[56,114415,114416],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,114417,114418],{"class":3123},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[42,114420,114422,10075,114424],{"id":114421},"update-vs-add",[18,114423,14452],{},[18,114425,95730],{},[14,114427,114428],{},"The difference is simple:",[26,114430,114431,114435],{},[29,114432,114433,96329],{},[18,114434,95730],{},[29,114436,114437,96334],{},[18,114438,14452],{},[14,114440,45558,114441,971],{},[18,114442,95730],{},[47,114444,114446],{"className":49,"code":114445,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[18,114447,114448,114464,114482,114486,114496],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114449,114450,114452,114454,114456,114458,114460,114462],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114451,35751],{"class":284},[56,114453,288],{"class":75},[56,114455,9980],{"class":66},[56,114457,938],{"class":937},[56,114459,3546],{"class":941},[56,114461,938],{"class":937},[56,114463,8797],{"class":66},[56,114465,114466,114468,114470,114472,114474,114476,114478,114480],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,114467,35803],{"class":284},[56,114469,497],{"class":66},[56,114471,81630],{"class":237},[56,114473,67],{"class":66},[56,114475,938],{"class":937},[56,114477,3555],{"class":941},[56,114479,938],{"class":937},[56,114481,241],{"class":66},[56,114483,114484],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,114485,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,114487,114488,114490,114492,114494],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,114489,63],{"class":62},[56,114491,67],{"class":66},[56,114493,35803],{"class":237},[56,114495,241],{"class":66},[56,114497,114498],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,114499,114500],{"class":3123},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[14,114502,45558,114503,971],{},[18,114504,14452],{},[47,114506,114508],{"className":49,"code":114507,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[18,114509,114510,114526,114552,114556,114566],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114511,114512,114514,114516,114518,114520,114522,114524],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114513,35751],{"class":284},[56,114515,288],{"class":75},[56,114517,9980],{"class":66},[56,114519,938],{"class":937},[56,114521,3546],{"class":941},[56,114523,938],{"class":937},[56,114525,8797],{"class":66},[56,114527,114528,114530,114532,114534,114536,114538,114540,114542,114544,114546,114548,114550],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,114529,35803],{"class":284},[56,114531,497],{"class":66},[56,114533,29971],{"class":237},[56,114535,1074],{"class":66},[56,114537,938],{"class":937},[56,114539,3555],{"class":941},[56,114541,938],{"class":937},[56,114543,1080],{"class":66},[56,114545,1448],{"class":937},[56,114547,32729],{"class":941},[56,114549,938],{"class":937},[56,114551,3354],{"class":66},[56,114553,114554],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,114555,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,114557,114558,114560,114562,114564],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,114559,63],{"class":62},[56,114561,67],{"class":66},[56,114563,35803],{"class":237},[56,114565,241],{"class":66},[56,114567,114568],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,114569,114570],{"class":3123},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[14,114572,114573],{},"Important warning with strings:",[47,114575,114577],{"className":49,"code":114576,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[18,114578,114579,114595,114613,114617,114627],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114580,114581,114583,114585,114587,114589,114591,114593],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114582,35751],{"class":284},[56,114584,288],{"class":75},[56,114586,9980],{"class":66},[56,114588,938],{"class":937},[56,114590,3546],{"class":941},[56,114592,938],{"class":937},[56,114594,8797],{"class":66},[56,114596,114597,114599,114601,114603,114605,114607,114609,114611],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,114598,35803],{"class":284},[56,114600,497],{"class":66},[56,114602,29971],{"class":237},[56,114604,67],{"class":66},[56,114606,938],{"class":937},[56,114608,37855],{"class":941},[56,114610,938],{"class":937},[56,114612,241],{"class":66},[56,114614,114615],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,114616,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,114618,114619,114621,114623,114625],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,114620,63],{"class":62},[56,114622,67],{"class":66},[56,114624,35803],{"class":237},[56,114626,241],{"class":66},[56,114628,114629],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,114630,114631],{"class":3123},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[14,114633,61629,114634,61702,114637,6110],{},[18,114635,114636],{},"\"kiwi\"",[18,114638,95730],{},[42,114640,114642,10075,114644],{"id":114641},"update-vs-union",[18,114643,14452],{},[18,114645,102326],{},[14,114647,114648],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[615,114650,114651],{"id":29971},[18,114652,14452],{},[26,114654,114655,114658],{},[29,114656,114657],{},"Changes the existing set",[29,114659,10916,114660],{},[18,114661,3241],{},[47,114663,114665],{"className":49,"code":114664,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,114666,114667,114683,114699,114703,114717,114727],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114668,114669,114671,114673,114675,114677,114679,114681],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114670,635],{"class":284},[56,114672,288],{"class":75},[56,114674,9980],{"class":66},[56,114676,1077],{"class":79},[56,114678,1080],{"class":66},[56,114680,1083],{"class":79},[56,114682,8797],{"class":66},[56,114684,114685,114687,114689,114691,114693,114695,114697],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,114686,663],{"class":284},[56,114688,288],{"class":75},[56,114690,9980],{"class":66},[56,114692,115],{"class":79},[56,114694,1080],{"class":66},[56,114696,529],{"class":79},[56,114698,8797],{"class":66},[56,114700,114701],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,114702,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,114704,114705,114707,114709,114711,114713,114715],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,114706,372],{"class":284},[56,114708,497],{"class":66},[56,114710,29971],{"class":237},[56,114712,67],{"class":66},[56,114714,4232],{"class":237},[56,114716,241],{"class":66},[56,114718,114719,114721,114723,114725],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,114720,63],{"class":62},[56,114722,67],{"class":66},[56,114724,372],{"class":237},[56,114726,241],{"class":66},[56,114728,114729],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,114730,114258],{"class":3123},[615,114732,114733],{"id":110796},[18,114734,102326],{},[26,114736,114737,114739],{},[29,114738,100864],{},[29,114740,100867],{},[47,114742,114744],{"className":49,"code":114743,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[18,114745,114746,114762,114778,114782,114800,114810,114814,114824],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114747,114748,114750,114752,114754,114756,114758,114760],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114749,635],{"class":284},[56,114751,288],{"class":75},[56,114753,9980],{"class":66},[56,114755,1077],{"class":79},[56,114757,1080],{"class":66},[56,114759,1083],{"class":79},[56,114761,8797],{"class":66},[56,114763,114764,114766,114768,114770,114772,114774,114776],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,114765,663],{"class":284},[56,114767,288],{"class":75},[56,114769,9980],{"class":66},[56,114771,115],{"class":79},[56,114773,1080],{"class":66},[56,114775,529],{"class":79},[56,114777,8797],{"class":66},[56,114779,114780],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,114781,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,114783,114784,114786,114788,114790,114792,114794,114796,114798],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,114785,82710],{"class":284},[56,114787,288],{"class":75},[56,114789,56409],{"class":284},[56,114791,497],{"class":66},[56,114793,110796],{"class":237},[56,114795,67],{"class":66},[56,114797,4232],{"class":237},[56,114799,241],{"class":66},[56,114801,114802,114804,114806,114808],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,114803,63],{"class":62},[56,114805,67],{"class":66},[56,114807,9228],{"class":237},[56,114809,241],{"class":66},[56,114811,114812],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,114813,114258],{"class":3123},[56,114815,114816,114818,114820,114822],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,114817,63],{"class":62},[56,114819,67],{"class":66},[56,114821,372],{"class":237},[56,114823,241],{"class":66},[56,114825,114826],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,114827,114828],{"class":3123},"# {1, 2}\n",[14,114830,107212,114831,114833,114834,114838],{},[18,114832,14452],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[372,114835,114836],{"href":102323},[18,114837,102326],{}," when you want a new set.",[42,114840,114842],{"id":114841},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[14,114844,10238,114845,497],{},[18,114846,96841],{},[615,114848,114850],{"id":114849},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[14,114852,114853],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[47,114855,114857],{"className":49,"code":114856,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[18,114858,114859,114875,114897,114901,114911],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114860,114861,114863,114865,114867,114869,114871,114873],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114862,15127],{"class":284},[56,114864,288],{"class":75},[56,114866,9980],{"class":66},[56,114868,1077],{"class":79},[56,114870,1080],{"class":66},[56,114872,1083],{"class":79},[56,114874,8797],{"class":66},[56,114876,114877,114879,114881,114883,114885,114887,114889,114891,114893,114895],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,114878,299],{"class":284},[56,114880,288],{"class":75},[56,114882,96451],{"class":284},[56,114884,497],{"class":66},[56,114886,29971],{"class":237},[56,114888,1074],{"class":66},[56,114890,121],{"class":79},[56,114892,1080],{"class":66},[56,114894,535],{"class":79},[56,114896,3354],{"class":66},[56,114898,114899],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,114900,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,114902,114903,114905,114907,114909],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,114904,63],{"class":62},[56,114906,67],{"class":66},[56,114908,338],{"class":237},[56,114910,241],{"class":66},[56,114912,114913],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,114914,61354],{"class":3123},[14,114916,114917,114918,971],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[18,114919,14452],{},[47,114921,114923],{"className":49,"code":114922,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[18,114924,114925,114941,114959,114963,114973],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114926,114927,114929,114931,114933,114935,114937,114939],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114928,15127],{"class":284},[56,114930,288],{"class":75},[56,114932,9980],{"class":66},[56,114934,1077],{"class":79},[56,114936,1080],{"class":66},[56,114938,1083],{"class":79},[56,114940,8797],{"class":66},[56,114942,114943,114945,114947,114949,114951,114953,114955,114957],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,114944,15165],{"class":284},[56,114946,497],{"class":66},[56,114948,29971],{"class":237},[56,114950,1074],{"class":66},[56,114952,121],{"class":79},[56,114954,1080],{"class":66},[56,114956,535],{"class":79},[56,114958,3354],{"class":66},[56,114960,114961],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,114962,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,114964,114965,114967,114969,114971],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,114966,63],{"class":62},[56,114968,67],{"class":66},[56,114970,15165],{"class":237},[56,114972,241],{"class":66},[56,114974,114975],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,114976,113557],{"class":3123},[615,114978,114980],{"id":114979},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[14,114982,919],{},[47,114984,114986],{"className":49,"code":114985,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[18,114987,114988,115004],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,114989,114990,114992,114994,114996,114998,115000,115002],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,114991,15127],{"class":284},[56,114993,288],{"class":75},[56,114995,9980],{"class":66},[56,114997,1077],{"class":79},[56,114999,1080],{"class":66},[56,115001,1083],{"class":79},[56,115003,8797],{"class":66},[56,115005,115006,115008,115010,115012,115014,115016],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,115007,15165],{"class":284},[56,115009,497],{"class":66},[56,115011,29971],{"class":237},[56,115013,67],{"class":66},[56,115015,198],{"class":79},[56,115017,241],{"class":66},[14,115019,61808,115020,8087,115022,115024],{},[18,115021,1096],{},[18,115023,198],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[14,115026,6033],{},[47,115028,115030],{"className":49,"code":115029,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[18,115031,115032,115048,115062,115066,115076],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,115033,115034,115036,115038,115040,115042,115044,115046],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,115035,15127],{"class":284},[56,115037,288],{"class":75},[56,115039,9980],{"class":66},[56,115041,1077],{"class":79},[56,115043,1080],{"class":66},[56,115045,1083],{"class":79},[56,115047,8797],{"class":66},[56,115049,115050,115052,115054,115056,115058,115060],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,115051,15165],{"class":284},[56,115053,497],{"class":66},[56,115055,29971],{"class":237},[56,115057,1074],{"class":66},[56,115059,198],{"class":79},[56,115061,3354],{"class":66},[56,115063,115064],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,115065,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,115067,115068,115070,115072,115074],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,115069,63],{"class":62},[56,115071,67],{"class":66},[56,115073,15165],{"class":237},[56,115075,241],{"class":66},[56,115077,115078],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,115079,115080],{"class":3123},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[14,115082,45431,115083,497],{},[372,115084,25184,115085],{"href":52120},[18,115086,115087],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[615,115089,115091],{"id":115090},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[14,115093,115094],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[47,115096,115098],{"className":49,"code":115097,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[18,115099,115100,115116,115142,115146,115156],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,115101,115102,115104,115106,115108,115110,115112,115114],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,115103,15127],{"class":284},[56,115105,288],{"class":75},[56,115107,9980],{"class":66},[56,115109,1077],{"class":79},[56,115111,1080],{"class":66},[56,115113,1083],{"class":79},[56,115115,8797],{"class":66},[56,115117,115118,115120,115122,115124,115126,115128,115130,115132,115134,115136,115138,115140],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,115119,15165],{"class":284},[56,115121,497],{"class":66},[56,115123,29971],{"class":237},[56,115125,1074],{"class":66},[56,115127,115],{"class":79},[56,115129,1080],{"class":66},[56,115131,1083],{"class":79},[56,115133,1080],{"class":66},[56,115135,1083],{"class":79},[56,115137,1080],{"class":66},[56,115139,529],{"class":79},[56,115141,3354],{"class":66},[56,115143,115144],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,115145,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,115147,115148,115150,115152,115154],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,115149,63],{"class":62},[56,115151,67],{"class":66},[56,115153,15165],{"class":237},[56,115155,241],{"class":66},[56,115157,115158],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,115159,114258],{"class":3123},[615,115161,115163,115164,44147,115166,115168],{"id":115162},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[18,115165,14452],{},[18,115167,95730],{}," is better",[14,115170,115171,115172,115174],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[18,115173,95730],{}," is usually the better choice.",[47,115176,115178],{"className":49,"code":115177,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[18,115179,115180,115196,115214,115218,115228],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,115181,115182,115184,115186,115188,115190,115192,115194],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,115183,15127],{"class":284},[56,115185,288],{"class":75},[56,115187,9980],{"class":66},[56,115189,938],{"class":937},[56,115191,57649],{"class":941},[56,115193,938],{"class":937},[56,115195,8797],{"class":66},[56,115197,115198,115200,115202,115204,115206,115208,115210,115212],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,115199,15165],{"class":284},[56,115201,497],{"class":66},[56,115203,81630],{"class":237},[56,115205,67],{"class":66},[56,115207,938],{"class":937},[56,115209,36560],{"class":941},[56,115211,938],{"class":937},[56,115213,241],{"class":66},[56,115215,115216],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,115217,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,115219,115220,115222,115224,115226],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,115221,63],{"class":62},[56,115223,67],{"class":66},[56,115225,15165],{"class":237},[56,115227,241],{"class":66},[56,115229,115230],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,115231,114418],{"class":3123},[42,115233,1553],{"id":1552},[615,115235,12199,115237,96820],{"id":115236},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[18,115238,96841],{},[14,115240,96823,115241,497],{},[18,115242,3241],{},[615,115244,27834,115245,31734],{"id":31731},[18,115246,14452],{},[14,115248,115249],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[615,115251,4653,115253,3862,115255,571],{"id":115252},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[18,115254,95730],{},[18,115256,14452],{},[14,115258,115259,115261,115262,115264],{},[18,115260,95730],{}," adds one item. ",[18,115263,14452],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[615,115266,115268],{"id":115267},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[14,115270,115271,115272,114267],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[18,115273,14452],{},[615,115275,115277],{"id":115276},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[14,115279,153,115280,10583,115282,497],{},[18,115281,102326],{},[18,115283,14452],{},[42,115285,1601],{"id":1600},[26,115287,115288,115295,115302,115308,115314],{},[29,115289,115290],{},[372,115291,115292],{"href":98027},[18,115293,115294],{},"Python set add() method",[29,115296,115297],{},[372,115298,115299],{"href":102323},[18,115300,115301],{},"Python set union() method",[29,115303,115304],{},[372,115305,115306],{"href":97410},[18,115307,96865],{},[29,115309,115310],{},[372,115311,115312],{"href":98604},[18,115313,99871],{},[29,115315,115316],{},[372,115317,115318,115320],{"href":52120},[18,115319,115087],{}," fix",[14,115322,115323,115324,115326,115327,115329],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[18,115325,95735],{}," for a single value and ",[18,115328,107570],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1633,115331,115332],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":115334},[115335,115336,115338,115339,115340,115341,115342,115343,115345,115350,115357,115366],{"id":3064,"depth":86,"text":3065},{"id":113565,"depth":86,"text":115337},"What set.update() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":21472,"depth":86,"text":21473},{"id":113951,"depth":86,"text":113952},{"id":114054,"depth":86,"text":114055},{"id":114261,"depth":86,"text":114262},{"id":114421,"depth":86,"text":115344},"update() vs add()",{"id":114641,"depth":86,"text":115346,"children":115347},"update() vs union()",[115348,115349],{"id":29971,"depth":102,"text":14452},{"id":110796,"depth":102,"text":102326},{"id":114841,"depth":86,"text":114842,"children":115351},[115352,115353,115354,115355],{"id":114849,"depth":102,"text":114850},{"id":114979,"depth":102,"text":114980},{"id":115090,"depth":102,"text":115091},{"id":115162,"depth":102,"text":115356},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":115358},[115359,115361,115362,115364,115365],{"id":115236,"depth":102,"text":115360},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":31731,"depth":102,"text":31804},{"id":115252,"depth":102,"text":115363},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115267,"depth":102,"text":115268},{"id":115276,"depth":102,"text":115277},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113477,"description":115367},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115373,"title":115374,"body":115375,"description":117141,"extension":1665,"meta":117142,"navigation":316,"path":13287,"seo":117143,"stem":117144,"__hash__":117145},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115376,"toc":117116},[115377,115380,115383,115386,115397,115405,115408,115410,115559,115571,115575,115592,115596,115604,115606,115617,115619,115716,115722,115725,115821,115830,115835,115839,115844,115846,115856,115858,115967,115975,115979,115982,115985,116002,116008,116088,116091,116095,116098,116102,116105,116164,116167,116171,116174,116266,116270,116273,116380,116384,116390,116418,116420,116502,116512,116516,116519,116530,116533,116618,116621,116626,116630,116633,116644,116647,116789,116792,116796,116799,116813,116816,116877,116883,116885,116888,116910,116913,117013,117016,117048,117050,117054,117057,117059,117062,117066,117069,117073,117076,117080,117083,117085,117113],[10,115378,115374],{"id":115379},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[14,115381,115382],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[14,115384,115385],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[26,115387,115388,115391,115394],{},[29,115389,115390],{},"a list inside another list",[29,115392,115393],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[29,115395,115396],{},"a list of dictionaries",[14,115398,99793,115399,3862,115401,115404],{},[3205,115400,12346],{},[3205,115402,115403],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[14,115406,115407],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[42,115409,45],{"id":44},[47,115411,115413],{"className":49,"code":115412,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[18,115414,115415,115422,115426,115452,115472,115492,115496,115514,115518,115531,115545],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,115416,115417,115419],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,115418,34601],{"class":3341},[56,115420,115421],{"class":284}," copy\n",[56,115423,115424],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,115425,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,115427,115428,115430,115432,115434,115436,115438,115440,115442,115444,115446,115448,115450],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,115429,11580],{"class":284},[56,115431,288],{"class":75},[56,115433,55815],{"class":66},[56,115435,1077],{"class":79},[56,115437,1080],{"class":66},[56,115439,1083],{"class":79},[56,115441,17563],{"class":66},[56,115443,3080],{"class":66},[56,115445,121],{"class":79},[56,115447,1080],{"class":66},[56,115449,535],{"class":79},[56,115451,52763],{"class":66},[56,115453,115454,115457,115459,115462,115464,115466,115468,115470],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,115455,115456],{"class":284},"shallow ",[56,115458,288],{"class":75},[56,115460,115461],{"class":284}," copy",[56,115463,497],{"class":66},[56,115465,12407],{"class":237},[56,115467,67],{"class":66},[56,115469,11627],{"class":237},[56,115471,241],{"class":66},[56,115473,115474,115477,115479,115481,115483,115486,115488,115490],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,115475,115476],{"class":284},"deep ",[56,115478,288],{"class":75},[56,115480,115461],{"class":284},[56,115482,497],{"class":66},[56,115484,115485],{"class":237},"deepcopy",[56,115487,67],{"class":66},[56,115489,11627],{"class":237},[56,115491,241],{"class":66},[56,115493,115494],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,115495,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,115497,115498,115500,115502,115504,115506,115508,115510,115512],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,115499,11627],{"class":284},[56,115501,3366],{"class":66},[56,115503,181],{"class":79},[56,115505,13047],{"class":66},[56,115507,13050],{"class":237},[56,115509,67],{"class":66},[56,115511,55868],{"class":79},[56,115513,241],{"class":66},[56,115515,115516],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,115517,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,115519,115520,115522,115524,115526,115528],{"class":58,"line":5910},[56,115521,63],{"class":62},[56,115523,67],{"class":66},[56,115525,11627],{"class":237},[56,115527,3120],{"class":66},[56,115529,115530],{"class":3123},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[56,115532,115533,115535,115537,115540,115542],{"class":58,"line":5915},[56,115534,63],{"class":62},[56,115536,67],{"class":66},[56,115538,115539],{"class":237},"shallow",[56,115541,3120],{"class":66},[56,115543,115544],{"class":3123},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[56,115546,115547,115549,115551,115554,115556],{"class":58,"line":11088},[56,115548,63],{"class":62},[56,115550,67],{"class":66},[56,115552,115553],{"class":237},"deep",[56,115555,3120],{"class":66},[56,115557,115558],{"class":3123},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[14,115560,153,115561,115564,115565,3862,115567,115570],{},[18,115562,115563],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[3205,115566,12346],{},[18,115568,115569],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[42,115572,115574],{"id":115573},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[26,115576,115577,115580,115583,115586,115589],{},[29,115578,115579],{},"What a copy means in Python",[29,115581,115582],{},"How shallow copy works",[29,115584,115585],{},"How deep copy works",[29,115587,115588],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[29,115590,115591],{},"When to use each approach",[42,115593,115595],{"id":115594},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[14,115597,14687,115598,115600,115601,115603],{},[3205,115599,12346],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[3205,115602,4101],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[14,115605,168],{},[26,115607,115608,115611,115614],{},[29,115609,115610],{},"the outer container is new",[29,115612,115613],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[29,115615,115616],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[14,115618,274],{},[47,115620,115622],{"className":49,"code":115621,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[18,115623,115624,115650,115664,115668,115686,115690,115703],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,115625,115626,115628,115630,115632,115634,115636,115638,115640,115642,115644,115646,115648],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,115627,11580],{"class":284},[56,115629,288],{"class":75},[56,115631,55815],{"class":66},[56,115633,1077],{"class":79},[56,115635,1080],{"class":66},[56,115637,1083],{"class":79},[56,115639,17563],{"class":66},[56,115641,3080],{"class":66},[56,115643,121],{"class":79},[56,115645,1080],{"class":66},[56,115647,535],{"class":79},[56,115649,52763],{"class":66},[56,115651,115652,115654,115656,115658,115660,115662],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,115653,13809],{"class":284},[56,115655,288],{"class":75},[56,115657,11655],{"class":284},[56,115659,497],{"class":66},[56,115661,12407],{"class":237},[56,115663,8129],{"class":66},[56,115665,115666],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,115667,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,115669,115670,115672,115674,115676,115678,115680,115682,115684],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,115671,13828],{"class":284},[56,115673,497],{"class":66},[56,115675,13050],{"class":237},[56,115677,1074],{"class":66},[56,115679,198],{"class":79},[56,115681,1080],{"class":66},[56,115683,37157],{"class":79},[56,115685,3354],{"class":66},[56,115687,115688],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,115689,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,115691,115692,115694,115696,115698,115700],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,115693,63],{"class":62},[56,115695,67],{"class":66},[56,115697,11627],{"class":237},[56,115699,3120],{"class":66},[56,115701,115702],{"class":3123},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[56,115704,115705,115707,115709,115711,115713],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,115706,63],{"class":62},[56,115708,67],{"class":66},[56,115710,13828],{"class":237},[56,115712,3120],{"class":66},[56,115714,115715],{"class":3123},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[14,115717,115718,115719,115721],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[18,115720,13828],{},", because the outer list is different.",[14,115723,115724],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[47,115726,115728],{"className":49,"code":115727,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,115729,115730,115756,115770,115774,115792,115796,115808],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,115731,115732,115734,115736,115738,115740,115742,115744,115746,115748,115750,115752,115754],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,115733,11580],{"class":284},[56,115735,288],{"class":75},[56,115737,55815],{"class":66},[56,115739,1077],{"class":79},[56,115741,1080],{"class":66},[56,115743,1083],{"class":79},[56,115745,17563],{"class":66},[56,115747,3080],{"class":66},[56,115749,121],{"class":79},[56,115751,1080],{"class":66},[56,115753,535],{"class":79},[56,115755,52763],{"class":66},[56,115757,115758,115760,115762,115764,115766,115768],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,115759,13809],{"class":284},[56,115761,288],{"class":75},[56,115763,11655],{"class":284},[56,115765,497],{"class":66},[56,115767,12407],{"class":237},[56,115769,8129],{"class":66},[56,115771,115772],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,115773,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,115775,115776,115778,115780,115782,115784,115786,115788,115790],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,115777,13828],{"class":284},[56,115779,3366],{"class":66},[56,115781,181],{"class":79},[56,115783,13047],{"class":66},[56,115785,13050],{"class":237},[56,115787,67],{"class":66},[56,115789,55868],{"class":79},[56,115791,241],{"class":66},[56,115793,115794],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,115795,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,115797,115798,115800,115802,115804,115806],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,115799,63],{"class":62},[56,115801,67],{"class":66},[56,115803,11627],{"class":237},[56,115805,3120],{"class":66},[56,115807,115530],{"class":3123},[56,115809,115810,115812,115814,115816,115818],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,115811,63],{"class":62},[56,115813,67],{"class":66},[56,115815,13828],{"class":237},[56,115817,3120],{"class":66},[56,115819,115820],{"class":3123},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[14,115822,115823,115824,3862,115826,115829],{},"Both changed because ",[18,115825,55972],{},[18,115827,115828],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[14,115831,115832,115833,497],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[372,115834,43453],{"href":11559},[42,115836,115838],{"id":115837},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[14,115840,14687,115841,115843],{},[3205,115842,115403],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[14,115845,168],{},[26,115847,115848,115850,115853],{},[29,115849,115610],{},[29,115851,115852],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[29,115854,115855],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[14,115857,274],{},[47,115859,115861],{"className":49,"code":115860,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[18,115862,115863,115869,115873,115899,115917,115921,115939,115943,115955],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,115864,115865,115867],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,115866,34601],{"class":3341},[56,115868,115421],{"class":284},[56,115870,115871],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,115872,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,115874,115875,115877,115879,115881,115883,115885,115887,115889,115891,115893,115895,115897],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,115876,11580],{"class":284},[56,115878,288],{"class":75},[56,115880,55815],{"class":66},[56,115882,1077],{"class":79},[56,115884,1080],{"class":66},[56,115886,1083],{"class":79},[56,115888,17563],{"class":66},[56,115890,3080],{"class":66},[56,115892,121],{"class":79},[56,115894,1080],{"class":66},[56,115896,535],{"class":79},[56,115898,52763],{"class":66},[56,115900,115901,115903,115905,115907,115909,115911,115913,115915],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,115902,13809],{"class":284},[56,115904,288],{"class":75},[56,115906,115461],{"class":284},[56,115908,497],{"class":66},[56,115910,115485],{"class":237},[56,115912,67],{"class":66},[56,115914,11627],{"class":237},[56,115916,241],{"class":66},[56,115918,115919],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,115920,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,115922,115923,115925,115927,115929,115931,115933,115935,115937],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,115924,13828],{"class":284},[56,115926,3366],{"class":66},[56,115928,181],{"class":79},[56,115930,13047],{"class":66},[56,115932,13050],{"class":237},[56,115934,67],{"class":66},[56,115936,55868],{"class":79},[56,115938,241],{"class":66},[56,115940,115941],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,115942,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,115944,115945,115947,115949,115951,115953],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,115946,63],{"class":62},[56,115948,67],{"class":66},[56,115950,11627],{"class":237},[56,115952,3120],{"class":66},[56,115954,115702],{"class":3123},[56,115956,115957,115959,115961,115963,115965],{"class":58,"line":5910},[56,115958,63],{"class":62},[56,115960,67],{"class":66},[56,115962,13828],{"class":237},[56,115964,3120],{"class":66},[56,115966,115820],{"class":3123},[14,115968,115969,115970,115972,115973,497],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[18,115971,115828],{}," does not change ",[18,115974,55972],{},[42,115976,115978],{"id":115977},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[14,115980,115981],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[14,115983,115984],{},"Common reasons:",[26,115986,115987,115990,115993,115999],{},[29,115988,115989],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[29,115991,115992],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[29,115994,115995,115996,115998],{},"Assignment with ",[18,115997,288],{}," does not make a copy",[29,116000,116001],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[14,116003,116004,116005,116007],{},"For example, this does ",[3205,116006,4101],{}," create a copy:",[47,116009,116011],{"className":49,"code":116010,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,116012,116013,116033,116041,116045,116059,116063,116075],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,116014,116015,116017,116019,116021,116023,116025,116027,116029,116031],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,116016,11580],{"class":284},[56,116018,288],{"class":75},[56,116020,3080],{"class":66},[56,116022,1077],{"class":79},[56,116024,1080],{"class":66},[56,116026,1083],{"class":79},[56,116028,1080],{"class":66},[56,116030,529],{"class":79},[56,116032,3093],{"class":66},[56,116034,116035,116037,116039],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,116036,13809],{"class":284},[56,116038,288],{"class":75},[56,116040,11618],{"class":284},[56,116042,116043],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,116044,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,116046,116047,116049,116051,116053,116055,116057],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,116048,13828],{"class":284},[56,116050,497],{"class":66},[56,116052,13050],{"class":237},[56,116054,67],{"class":66},[56,116056,584],{"class":79},[56,116058,241],{"class":66},[56,116060,116061],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,116062,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,116064,116065,116067,116069,116071,116073],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,116066,63],{"class":62},[56,116068,67],{"class":66},[56,116070,11627],{"class":237},[56,116072,3120],{"class":66},[56,116074,55222],{"class":3123},[56,116076,116077,116079,116081,116083,116085],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,116078,63],{"class":62},[56,116080,67],{"class":66},[56,116082,13828],{"class":237},[56,116084,3120],{"class":66},[56,116086,116087],{"class":3123},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,116089,116090],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[42,116092,116094],{"id":116093},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[14,116096,116097],{},"These three ideas are different.",[615,116099,116101],{"id":116100},"assignment","Assignment",[14,116103,116104],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[47,116106,116108],{"className":49,"code":116107,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[18,116109,116110,116136,116144,116148],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,116111,116112,116114,116116,116118,116120,116122,116124,116126,116128,116130,116132,116134],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,116113,11580],{"class":284},[56,116115,288],{"class":75},[56,116117,55815],{"class":66},[56,116119,1077],{"class":79},[56,116121,1080],{"class":66},[56,116123,1083],{"class":79},[56,116125,17563],{"class":66},[56,116127,3080],{"class":66},[56,116129,121],{"class":79},[56,116131,1080],{"class":66},[56,116133,535],{"class":79},[56,116135,52763],{"class":66},[56,116137,116138,116140,116142],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,116139,13600],{"class":284},[56,116141,288],{"class":75},[56,116143,11618],{"class":284},[56,116145,116146],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,116147,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,116149,116150,116152,116154,116156,116158,116160,116162],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,116151,63],{"class":62},[56,116153,67],{"class":66},[56,116155,11580],{"class":237},[56,116157,11688],{"class":3341},[56,116159,13668],{"class":237},[56,116161,3120],{"class":66},[56,116163,3124],{"class":3123},[14,116165,116166],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[615,116168,116170],{"id":116169},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[14,116172,116173],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[47,116175,116177],{"className":49,"code":116176,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[18,116178,116179,116205,116219,116223,116240],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,116180,116181,116183,116185,116187,116189,116191,116193,116195,116197,116199,116201,116203],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,116182,11580],{"class":284},[56,116184,288],{"class":75},[56,116186,55815],{"class":66},[56,116188,1077],{"class":79},[56,116190,1080],{"class":66},[56,116192,1083],{"class":79},[56,116194,17563],{"class":66},[56,116196,3080],{"class":66},[56,116198,121],{"class":79},[56,116200,1080],{"class":66},[56,116202,535],{"class":79},[56,116204,52763],{"class":66},[56,116206,116207,116209,116211,116213,116215,116217],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,116208,115456],{"class":284},[56,116210,288],{"class":75},[56,116212,11655],{"class":284},[56,116214,497],{"class":66},[56,116216,12407],{"class":237},[56,116218,8129],{"class":66},[56,116220,116221],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,116222,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,116224,116225,116227,116229,116231,116233,116236,116238],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,116226,63],{"class":62},[56,116228,67],{"class":66},[56,116230,11580],{"class":237},[56,116232,11688],{"class":3341},[56,116234,116235],{"class":237}," shallow",[56,116237,3120],{"class":66},[56,116239,20703],{"class":3123},[56,116241,116242,116244,116246,116248,116250,116252,116254,116256,116258,116260,116262,116264],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,116243,63],{"class":62},[56,116245,67],{"class":66},[56,116247,11627],{"class":237},[56,116249,3366],{"class":66},[56,116251,181],{"class":79},[56,116253,12770],{"class":66},[56,116255,7580],{"class":3341},[56,116257,116235],{"class":237},[56,116259,3366],{"class":66},[56,116261,181],{"class":79},[56,116263,19948],{"class":66},[56,116265,3124],{"class":3123},[615,116267,116269],{"id":116268},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[14,116271,116272],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[47,116274,116276],{"className":49,"code":116275,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[18,116277,116278,116284,116288,116314,116332,116336,116354],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,116279,116280,116282],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,116281,34601],{"class":3341},[56,116283,115421],{"class":284},[56,116285,116286],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,116287,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,116289,116290,116292,116294,116296,116298,116300,116302,116304,116306,116308,116310,116312],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,116291,11580],{"class":284},[56,116293,288],{"class":75},[56,116295,55815],{"class":66},[56,116297,1077],{"class":79},[56,116299,1080],{"class":66},[56,116301,1083],{"class":79},[56,116303,17563],{"class":66},[56,116305,3080],{"class":66},[56,116307,121],{"class":79},[56,116309,1080],{"class":66},[56,116311,535],{"class":79},[56,116313,52763],{"class":66},[56,116315,116316,116318,116320,116322,116324,116326,116328,116330],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,116317,115476],{"class":284},[56,116319,288],{"class":75},[56,116321,115461],{"class":284},[56,116323,497],{"class":66},[56,116325,115485],{"class":237},[56,116327,67],{"class":66},[56,116329,11627],{"class":237},[56,116331,241],{"class":66},[56,116333,116334],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,116335,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,116337,116338,116340,116342,116344,116346,116349,116351],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,116339,63],{"class":62},[56,116341,67],{"class":66},[56,116343,11580],{"class":237},[56,116345,11688],{"class":3341},[56,116347,116348],{"class":237}," deep",[56,116350,3120],{"class":66},[56,116352,116353],{"class":3123},"         # False\n",[56,116355,116356,116358,116360,116362,116364,116366,116368,116370,116372,116374,116376,116378],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,116357,63],{"class":62},[56,116359,67],{"class":66},[56,116361,11627],{"class":237},[56,116363,3366],{"class":66},[56,116365,181],{"class":79},[56,116367,12770],{"class":66},[56,116369,7580],{"class":3341},[56,116371,116348],{"class":237},[56,116373,3366],{"class":66},[56,116375,181],{"class":79},[56,116377,19948],{"class":66},[56,116379,43389],{"class":3123},[42,116381,116383],{"id":116382},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[14,116385,116386,116387,971],{},"These all make ",[3205,116388,116389],{},"shallow copies",[26,116391,116392,116396,116400,116405,116411],{},[29,116393,116394],{},[18,116395,55122],{},[29,116397,116398],{},[18,116399,11929],{},[29,116401,116402],{},[18,116403,116404],{},"set.copy()",[29,116406,116407,116408],{},"list slicing like ",[18,116409,116410],{},"my_list[:]",[29,116412,116413,116415,116416,34591],{},[18,116414,115563],{}," from the ",[18,116417,12407],{},[14,116419,187],{},[47,116421,116423],{"className":49,"code":116422,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,116424,116425,116445,116449,116463,116474,116478,116490],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,116426,116427,116429,116431,116433,116435,116437,116439,116441,116443],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,116428,3075],{"class":284},[56,116430,288],{"class":75},[56,116432,3080],{"class":66},[56,116434,1077],{"class":79},[56,116436,1080],{"class":66},[56,116438,1083],{"class":79},[56,116440,1080],{"class":66},[56,116442,529],{"class":79},[56,116444,3093],{"class":66},[56,116446,116447],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,116448,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,116450,116451,116453,116455,116457,116459,116461],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,116452,635],{"class":284},[56,116454,288],{"class":75},[56,116456,3731],{"class":284},[56,116458,497],{"class":66},[56,116460,12407],{"class":237},[56,116462,8129],{"class":66},[56,116464,116465,116467,116469,116471],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,116466,663],{"class":284},[56,116468,288],{"class":75},[56,116470,3731],{"class":284},[56,116472,116473],{"class":66},"[:]\n",[56,116475,116476],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,116477,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,116479,116480,116482,116484,116486,116488],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,116481,63],{"class":62},[56,116483,67],{"class":66},[56,116485,372],{"class":237},[56,116487,3120],{"class":66},[56,116489,54453],{"class":3123},[56,116491,116492,116494,116496,116498,116500],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,116493,63],{"class":62},[56,116495,67],{"class":66},[56,116497,4232],{"class":237},[56,116499,3120],{"class":66},[56,116501,54453],{"class":3123},[14,116503,72664,116504,47052,116508,497],{},[372,116505,116506,10231],{"href":54481},[18,116507,55122],{},[372,116509,116510,10231],{"href":11926},[18,116511,11929],{},[42,116513,116515],{"id":116514},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[14,116517,116518],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[26,116520,116521,116524,116527],{},[29,116522,116523],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[29,116525,116526],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[29,116528,116529],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[14,116531,116532],{},"Example with a flat list:",[47,116534,116536],{"className":49,"code":116535,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[18,116537,116538,116558,116572,116576,116590,116594,116606],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,116539,116540,116542,116544,116546,116548,116550,116552,116554,116556],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,116541,11580],{"class":284},[56,116543,288],{"class":75},[56,116545,3080],{"class":66},[56,116547,1077],{"class":79},[56,116549,1080],{"class":66},[56,116551,1083],{"class":79},[56,116553,1080],{"class":66},[56,116555,529],{"class":79},[56,116557,3093],{"class":66},[56,116559,116560,116562,116564,116566,116568,116570],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,116561,13809],{"class":284},[56,116563,288],{"class":75},[56,116565,11655],{"class":284},[56,116567,497],{"class":66},[56,116569,12407],{"class":237},[56,116571,8129],{"class":66},[56,116573,116574],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,116575,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,116577,116578,116580,116582,116584,116586,116588],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,116579,13828],{"class":284},[56,116581,497],{"class":66},[56,116583,13050],{"class":237},[56,116585,67],{"class":66},[56,116587,584],{"class":79},[56,116589,241],{"class":66},[56,116591,116592],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,116593,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,116595,116596,116598,116600,116602,116604],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,116597,63],{"class":62},[56,116599,67],{"class":66},[56,116601,11627],{"class":237},[56,116603,3120],{"class":66},[56,116605,54453],{"class":3123},[56,116607,116608,116610,116612,116614,116616],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,116609,63],{"class":62},[56,116611,67],{"class":66},[56,116613,13828],{"class":237},[56,116615,3120],{"class":66},[56,116617,116087],{"class":3123},[14,116619,116620],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[14,116622,116623,116624,497],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[372,116625,14386],{"href":56741},[42,116627,116629],{"id":116628},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[14,116631,116632],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[26,116634,116635,116638,116641],{},[29,116636,116637],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[29,116639,116640],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[29,116642,116643],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[14,116645,116646],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[47,116648,116650],{"className":49,"code":116649,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[18,116651,116652,116658,116662,116688,116702,116720,116724,116746,116750,116763,116776],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,116653,116654,116656],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,116655,34601],{"class":3341},[56,116657,115421],{"class":284},[56,116659,116660],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,116661,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,116663,116664,116666,116668,116670,116672,116674,116676,116678,116680,116682,116684,116686],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,116665,11580],{"class":284},[56,116667,288],{"class":75},[56,116669,9980],{"class":66},[56,116671,938],{"class":937},[56,116673,15888],{"class":941},[56,116675,938],{"class":937},[56,116677,971],{"class":66},[56,116679,3080],{"class":66},[56,116681,406],{"class":79},[56,116683,1080],{"class":66},[56,116685,7272],{"class":79},[56,116687,13203],{"class":66},[56,116689,116690,116692,116694,116696,116698,116700],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,116691,115456],{"class":284},[56,116693,288],{"class":75},[56,116695,11655],{"class":284},[56,116697,497],{"class":66},[56,116699,12407],{"class":237},[56,116701,8129],{"class":66},[56,116703,116704,116706,116708,116710,116712,116714,116716,116718],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,116705,115476],{"class":284},[56,116707,288],{"class":75},[56,116709,115461],{"class":284},[56,116711,497],{"class":66},[56,116713,115485],{"class":237},[56,116715,67],{"class":66},[56,116717,11627],{"class":237},[56,116719,241],{"class":66},[56,116721,116722],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,116723,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,116725,116726,116728,116730,116732,116734,116736,116738,116740,116742,116744],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,116727,11627],{"class":284},[56,116729,3366],{"class":66},[56,116731,938],{"class":937},[56,116733,15888],{"class":941},[56,116735,938],{"class":937},[56,116737,13047],{"class":66},[56,116739,13050],{"class":237},[56,116741,67],{"class":66},[56,116743,36354],{"class":79},[56,116745,241],{"class":66},[56,116747,116748],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,116749,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,116751,116752,116754,116756,116758,116760],{"class":58,"line":5910},[56,116753,63],{"class":62},[56,116755,67],{"class":66},[56,116757,11627],{"class":237},[56,116759,3120],{"class":66},[56,116761,116762],{"class":3123},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[56,116764,116765,116767,116769,116771,116773],{"class":58,"line":5915},[56,116766,63],{"class":62},[56,116768,67],{"class":66},[56,116770,115539],{"class":237},[56,116772,3120],{"class":66},[56,116774,116775],{"class":3123},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[56,116777,116778,116780,116782,116784,116786],{"class":58,"line":11088},[56,116779,63],{"class":62},[56,116781,67],{"class":66},[56,116783,115553],{"class":237},[56,116785,3120],{"class":66},[56,116787,116788],{"class":3123},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[14,116790,116791],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[42,116793,116795],{"id":116794},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[14,116797,116798],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[26,116800,116801,116804,116807,116810],{},[29,116802,116803],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[29,116805,116806],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[29,116808,116809],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[29,116811,116812],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[14,116814,116815],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[47,116817,116819],{"className":49,"code":116818,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[18,116820,116821,116829,116837,116841,116849,116853,116865],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,116822,116823,116825,116827],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,116824,635],{"class":284},[56,116826,288],{"class":75},[56,116828,668],{"class":79},[56,116830,116831,116833,116835],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,116832,663],{"class":284},[56,116834,288],{"class":75},[56,116836,35687],{"class":284},[56,116838,116839],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,116840,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,116842,116843,116845,116847],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,116844,663],{"class":284},[56,116846,288],{"class":75},[56,116848,14112],{"class":79},[56,116850,116851],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,116852,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,116854,116855,116857,116859,116861,116863],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,116856,63],{"class":62},[56,116858,67],{"class":66},[56,116860,372],{"class":237},[56,116862,3120],{"class":66},[56,116864,26300],{"class":3123},[56,116866,116867,116869,116871,116873,116875],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,116868,63],{"class":62},[56,116870,67],{"class":66},[56,116872,4232],{"class":237},[56,116874,3120],{"class":66},[56,116876,27121],{"class":3123},[14,116878,93035,116879,116882],{},[372,116880,116881],{"href":11559},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[42,116884,912],{"id":911},[14,116886,116887],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[26,116889,116890,116894,116899,116904,116907],{},[29,116891,7902,116892,56305],{},[18,116893,288],{},[29,116895,7902,116896,116898],{},[18,116897,55122],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[29,116900,7902,116901,116903],{},[18,116902,11929],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[29,116905,116906],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[29,116908,116909],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[14,116911,116912],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[47,116914,116916],{"className":49,"code":116915,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[18,116917,116918,116932,116946,116968,116999],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,116919,116920,116922,116924,116926,116928,116930],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,116921,63],{"class":62},[56,116923,67],{"class":66},[56,116925,11580],{"class":237},[56,116927,11688],{"class":3341},[56,116929,13882],{"class":237},[56,116931,241],{"class":66},[56,116933,116934,116936,116938,116940,116942,116944],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,116935,63],{"class":62},[56,116937,67],{"class":66},[56,116939,11580],{"class":237},[56,116941,4159],{"class":75},[56,116943,13882],{"class":237},[56,116945,241],{"class":66},[56,116947,116948,116950,116952,116954,116956,116958,116960,116962,116964,116966],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,116949,63],{"class":62},[56,116951,67],{"class":66},[56,116953,12144],{"class":62},[56,116955,67],{"class":66},[56,116957,11627],{"class":237},[56,116959,8721],{"class":66},[56,116961,14314],{"class":62},[56,116963,67],{"class":66},[56,116965,13828],{"class":237},[56,116967,83],{"class":66},[56,116969,116970,116972,116974,116976,116978,116980,116982,116984,116987,116989,116991,116993,116995,116997],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,116971,63],{"class":62},[56,116973,67],{"class":66},[56,116975,12144],{"class":62},[56,116977,67],{"class":66},[56,116979,11627],{"class":237},[56,116981,3366],{"class":66},[56,116983,181],{"class":79},[56,116985,116986],{"class":66},"]),",[56,116988,14314],{"class":62},[56,116990,67],{"class":66},[56,116992,13828],{"class":237},[56,116994,3366],{"class":66},[56,116996,181],{"class":79},[56,116998,1090],{"class":66},[56,117000,117001,117003,117005,117007,117009,117011],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,117002,63],{"class":62},[56,117004,67],{"class":66},[56,117006,1314],{"class":989},[56,117008,67],{"class":66},[56,117010,11627],{"class":237},[56,117012,83],{"class":66},[14,117014,117015],{},"What they tell you:",[26,117017,117018,117023,117028,117033,117043],{},[29,117019,117020,117022],{},[18,117021,11688],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[29,117024,117025,117027],{},[18,117026,4159],{}," checks whether values are equal",[29,117029,117030,117032],{},[18,117031,43005],{}," shows the identity of an object",[29,117034,117035,117036,3862,117039,117042],{},"comparing ",[18,117037,117038],{},"id(original[0])",[18,117040,117041],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[29,117044,117045,117047],{},[18,117046,377],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[42,117049,1553],{"id":1552},[615,117051,117053],{"id":117052},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[14,117055,117056],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[615,117058,56791],{"id":56706},[14,117060,117061],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[615,117063,117065],{"id":117064},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[14,117067,117068],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[615,117070,117072],{"id":117071},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[14,117074,117075],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[615,117077,117079],{"id":117078},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[14,117081,117082],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[42,117084,1601],{"id":1600},[26,117086,117087,117092,117098,117104,117108],{},[29,117088,117089],{},[372,117090,117091],{"href":11559},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[29,117093,117094],{},[372,117095,3031,117096,10231],{"href":54481},[18,117097,55122],{},[29,117099,117100],{},[372,117101,3031,117102,10231],{"href":11926},[18,117103,11929],{},[29,117105,117106],{},[372,117107,14463],{"href":56741},[29,117109,117110],{},[372,117111,117112],{"href":58016},"What is a list in Python?",[1633,117114,117115],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":117117},[117118,117119,117120,117121,117122,117123,117128,117129,117130,117131,117132,117133,117140],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":115573,"depth":86,"text":115574},{"id":115594,"depth":86,"text":115595},{"id":115837,"depth":86,"text":115838},{"id":115977,"depth":86,"text":115978},{"id":116093,"depth":86,"text":116094,"children":117124},[117125,117126,117127],{"id":116100,"depth":102,"text":116101},{"id":116169,"depth":102,"text":116170},{"id":116268,"depth":102,"text":116269},{"id":116382,"depth":86,"text":116383},{"id":116514,"depth":86,"text":116515},{"id":116628,"depth":86,"text":116629},{"id":116794,"depth":86,"text":116795},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":117134},[117135,117136,117137,117138,117139],{"id":117052,"depth":102,"text":117053},{"id":56706,"depth":102,"text":56791},{"id":117064,"depth":102,"text":117065},{"id":117071,"depth":102,"text":117072},{"id":117078,"depth":102,"text":117079},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115374,"description":117141},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117147,"title":117148,"body":117149,"description":119006,"extension":1665,"meta":119007,"navigation":316,"path":119008,"seo":119009,"stem":119010,"__hash__":119011},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117150,"toc":118964},[117151,117156,117161,117169,117171,117239,117244,117249,117264,117267,117269,117300,117302,117322,117325,117340,117342,117345,117418,117420,117465,117467,117478,117483,117487,117492,117495,117534,117536,117556,117559,117616,117618,117653,117656,117695,117697,117717,117720,117751,117753,117809,117811,117816,117887,117889,117922,117927,117932,117997,117999,118036,118039,118116,118118,118178,118185,118190,118193,118196,118277,118279,118320,118325,118328,118406,118408,118441,118450,118457,118460,118471,118474,118485,118489,118497,118506,118510,118515,118519,118524,118567,118570,118576,118579,118581,118628,118633,118637,118640,118689,118691,118712,118715,118717,118742,118745,118866,118871,118873,118878,118881,118886,118889,118897,118902,118909,118912,118920,118923,118925,118961],[10,117152,3031,117154,3035],{"id":117153},"python-sorted-function-explained",[18,117155,73948],{},[14,117157,117158,117160],{},[18,117159,73948],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[14,117162,117163,117164,255,117166,117168],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[18,117165,77391],{},[18,117167,73948],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[42,117170,3065],{"id":3064},[47,117172,117174],{"className":49,"code":117173,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[18,117175,117176,117196,117210,117214,117226],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117177,117178,117180,117182,117184,117186,117188,117190,117192,117194],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117179,3075],{"class":284},[56,117181,288],{"class":75},[56,117183,3080],{"class":66},[56,117185,121],{"class":79},[56,117187,1080],{"class":66},[56,117189,4973],{"class":79},[56,117191,1080],{"class":66},[56,117193,1083],{"class":79},[56,117195,3093],{"class":66},[56,117197,117198,117200,117202,117204,117206,117208],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,117199,299],{"class":284},[56,117201,288],{"class":75},[56,117203,74082],{"class":62},[56,117205,67],{"class":66},[56,117207,3107],{"class":237},[56,117209,241],{"class":66},[56,117211,117212],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,117213,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,117215,117216,117218,117220,117222,117224],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,117217,63],{"class":62},[56,117219,67],{"class":66},[56,117221,338],{"class":237},[56,117223,3120],{"class":66},[56,117225,55209],{"class":3123},[56,117227,117228,117230,117232,117234,117236],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,117229,63],{"class":62},[56,117231,67],{"class":66},[56,117233,3107],{"class":237},[56,117235,3120],{"class":66},[56,117237,117238],{"class":3123},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[14,117240,117241,117243],{},[18,117242,73948],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[42,117245,3138,117247,3141],{"id":117246},"what-sorted-does",[18,117248,73948],{},[26,117250,117251,117255,117258,117261],{},[29,117252,117253,62449],{},[18,117254,73948],{},[29,117256,117257],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[29,117259,117260],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[29,117262,117263],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[14,117265,117266],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[42,117268,220],{"id":219},[47,117270,117272],{"className":49,"code":117271,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[18,117273,117274],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117275,117276,117278,117280,117282,117284,117286,117288,117290,117292,117294,117296,117298],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117277,74038],{"class":62},[56,117279,67],{"class":66},[56,117281,3182],{"class":237},[56,117283,1080],{"class":66},[56,117285,21082],{"class":8663},[56,117287,288],{"class":75},[56,117289,3241],{"class":3316},[56,117291,1080],{"class":66},[56,117293,77594],{"class":8663},[56,117295,288],{"class":75},[56,117297,3134],{"class":3316},[56,117299,241],{"class":66},[615,117301,16895],{"id":16894},[26,117303,117304,117309,117314],{},[29,117305,117306,117308],{},[18,117307,3182],{},": the values to sort",[29,117310,117311,117313],{},[18,117312,14339],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[29,117315,117316,117318,117319,117321],{},[18,117317,73101],{},": set to ",[18,117320,3060],{}," to sort in descending order",[14,117323,117324],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[47,117326,117328],{"className":49,"code":117327,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"sorted(my_values)\n",[18,117329,117330],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117331,117332,117334,117336,117338],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117333,74038],{"class":62},[56,117335,67],{"class":66},[56,117337,59830],{"class":237},[56,117339,241],{"class":66},[42,117341,10968],{"id":10967},[14,117343,117344],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[47,117346,117348],{"className":49,"code":117347,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,117349,117350,117374,117378,117393,117397,117408],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117351,117352,117354,117356,117358,117360,117362,117364,117366,117368,117370,117372],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117353,3075],{"class":284},[56,117355,288],{"class":75},[56,117357,3080],{"class":66},[56,117359,198],{"class":79},[56,117361,1080],{"class":66},[56,117363,1083],{"class":79},[56,117365,1080],{"class":66},[56,117367,5837],{"class":79},[56,117369,1080],{"class":66},[56,117371,4973],{"class":79},[56,117373,3093],{"class":66},[56,117375,117376],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,117377,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,117379,117380,117383,117385,117387,117389,117391],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,117381,117382],{"class":284},"sorted_numbers ",[56,117384,288],{"class":75},[56,117386,74082],{"class":62},[56,117388,67],{"class":66},[56,117390,3107],{"class":237},[56,117392,241],{"class":66},[56,117394,117395],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,117396,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,117398,117399,117401,117403,117406],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,117400,63],{"class":62},[56,117402,67],{"class":66},[56,117404,117405],{"class":237},"sorted_numbers",[56,117407,241],{"class":66},[56,117409,117410,117412,117414,117416],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,117411,63],{"class":62},[56,117413,67],{"class":66},[56,117415,3107],{"class":237},[56,117417,241],{"class":66},[14,117419,130],{},[47,117421,117423],{"className":49,"code":117422,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[18,117424,117425,117445],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117426,117427,117429,117431,117433,117435,117437,117439,117441,117443],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117428,3366],{"class":66},[56,117430,1077],{"class":79},[56,117432,1080],{"class":66},[56,117434,1083],{"class":79},[56,117436,1080],{"class":66},[56,117438,4075],{"class":79},[56,117440,1080],{"class":66},[56,117442,5837],{"class":79},[56,117444,3093],{"class":66},[56,117446,117447,117449,117451,117453,117455,117457,117459,117461,117463],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,117448,3366],{"class":66},[56,117450,198],{"class":79},[56,117452,1080],{"class":66},[56,117454,1083],{"class":79},[56,117456,1080],{"class":66},[56,117458,5837],{"class":79},[56,117460,1080],{"class":66},[56,117462,4973],{"class":79},[56,117464,3093],{"class":66},[14,117466,13260],{},[26,117468,117469,117474],{},[29,117470,117471,117473],{},[18,117472,117405],{}," is a new sorted list",[29,117475,117476,112010],{},[18,117477,3107],{},[14,117479,117480,117481,497],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[372,117482,77901],{"href":77900},[42,117484,117486],{"id":117485},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[14,117488,117489,117491],{},[18,117490,73948],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[615,117493,117494],{"id":7577},"List",[47,117496,117498],{"className":49,"code":117497,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[18,117499,117500,117520],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117501,117502,117504,117506,117508,117510,117512,117514,117516,117518],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117503,3075],{"class":284},[56,117505,288],{"class":75},[56,117507,3080],{"class":66},[56,117509,121],{"class":79},[56,117511,1080],{"class":66},[56,117513,4973],{"class":79},[56,117515,1080],{"class":66},[56,117517,1083],{"class":79},[56,117519,3093],{"class":66},[56,117521,117522,117524,117526,117528,117530,117532],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,117523,63],{"class":62},[56,117525,67],{"class":66},[56,117527,74038],{"class":62},[56,117529,67],{"class":66},[56,117531,3107],{"class":237},[56,117533,83],{"class":66},[14,117535,130],{},[47,117537,117538],{"className":49,"code":54671,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,117539,117540],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117541,117542,117544,117546,117548,117550,117552,117554],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117543,3366],{"class":66},[56,117545,1077],{"class":79},[56,117547,1080],{"class":66},[56,117549,1083],{"class":79},[56,117551,1080],{"class":66},[56,117553,529],{"class":79},[56,117555,3093],{"class":66},[615,117557,117558],{"id":48472},"Tuple",[47,117560,117562],{"className":49,"code":117561,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[18,117563,117564,117584,117598],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117565,117566,117568,117570,117572,117574,117576,117578,117580,117582],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117567,3286],{"class":284},[56,117569,288],{"class":75},[56,117571,8724],{"class":66},[56,117573,121],{"class":79},[56,117575,1080],{"class":66},[56,117577,4973],{"class":79},[56,117579,1080],{"class":66},[56,117581,1083],{"class":79},[56,117583,241],{"class":66},[56,117585,117586,117588,117590,117592,117594,117596],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,117587,63],{"class":62},[56,117589,67],{"class":66},[56,117591,74038],{"class":62},[56,117593,67],{"class":66},[56,117595,4833],{"class":237},[56,117597,83],{"class":66},[56,117599,117600,117602,117604,117606,117608,117610,117612,117614],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,117601,63],{"class":62},[56,117603,67],{"class":66},[56,117605,1314],{"class":989},[56,117607,67],{"class":66},[56,117609,74038],{"class":62},[56,117611,67],{"class":66},[56,117613,4833],{"class":237},[56,117615,1000],{"class":66},[14,117617,130],{},[47,117619,117621],{"className":49,"code":117620,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,117622,117623,117639],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117624,117625,117627,117629,117631,117633,117635,117637],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117626,3366],{"class":66},[56,117628,1077],{"class":79},[56,117630,1080],{"class":66},[56,117632,1083],{"class":79},[56,117634,1080],{"class":66},[56,117636,529],{"class":79},[56,117638,3093],{"class":66},[56,117640,117641,117643,117645,117647,117649,117651],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,117642,1383],{"class":75},[56,117644,1386],{"class":124},[56,117646,1389],{"class":937},[56,117648,7577],{"class":941},[56,117650,1394],{"class":937},[56,117652,1397],{"class":75},[615,117654,117655],{"id":5764},"Set",[47,117657,117659],{"className":49,"code":117658,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[18,117660,117661,117681],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117662,117663,117665,117667,117669,117671,117673,117675,117677,117679],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117664,3286],{"class":284},[56,117666,288],{"class":75},[56,117668,9980],{"class":66},[56,117670,121],{"class":79},[56,117672,1080],{"class":66},[56,117674,4973],{"class":79},[56,117676,1080],{"class":66},[56,117678,1083],{"class":79},[56,117680,8797],{"class":66},[56,117682,117683,117685,117687,117689,117691,117693],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,117684,63],{"class":62},[56,117686,67],{"class":66},[56,117688,74038],{"class":62},[56,117690,67],{"class":66},[56,117692,4833],{"class":237},[56,117694,83],{"class":66},[14,117696,130],{},[47,117698,117699],{"className":49,"code":54671,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,117700,117701],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117702,117703,117705,117707,117709,117711,117713,117715],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117704,3366],{"class":66},[56,117706,1077],{"class":79},[56,117708,1080],{"class":66},[56,117710,1083],{"class":79},[56,117712,1080],{"class":66},[56,117714,529],{"class":79},[56,117716,3093],{"class":66},[615,117718,117719],{"id":60697},"String",[47,117721,117723],{"className":49,"code":117722,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[18,117724,117725,117737],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117726,117727,117729,117731,117733,117735],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117728,34197],{"class":284},[56,117730,288],{"class":75},[56,117732,1448],{"class":937},[56,117734,51],{"class":941},[56,117736,1454],{"class":937},[56,117738,117739,117741,117743,117745,117747,117749],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,117740,63],{"class":62},[56,117742,67],{"class":66},[56,117744,74038],{"class":62},[56,117746,67],{"class":66},[56,117748,34218],{"class":237},[56,117750,83],{"class":66},[14,117752,130],{},[47,117754,117755],{"className":49,"code":78918,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,117756,117757],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117758,117759,117761,117763,117765,117767,117769,117771,117773,117775,117777,117779,117781,117783,117785,117787,117789,117791,117793,117795,117797,117799,117801,117803,117805,117807],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117760,3366],{"class":66},[56,117762,1394],{"class":937},[56,117764,59961],{"class":941},[56,117766,1394],{"class":937},[56,117768,1080],{"class":66},[56,117770,1389],{"class":937},[56,117772,75554],{"class":941},[56,117774,1394],{"class":937},[56,117776,1080],{"class":66},[56,117778,1389],{"class":937},[56,117780,59996],{"class":941},[56,117782,1394],{"class":937},[56,117784,1080],{"class":66},[56,117786,1389],{"class":937},[56,117788,14],{"class":941},[56,117790,1394],{"class":937},[56,117792,1080],{"class":66},[56,117794,1389],{"class":937},[56,117796,62810],{"class":941},[56,117798,1394],{"class":937},[56,117800,1080],{"class":66},[56,117802,1389],{"class":937},[56,117804,11239],{"class":941},[56,117806,1394],{"class":937},[56,117808,3093],{"class":66},[615,117810,28729],{"id":15103},[14,117812,63063,117813,117815],{},[18,117814,73948],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[47,117817,117819],{"className":49,"code":117818,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[18,117820,117821,117873],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117822,117823,117825,117827,117829,117831,117833,117835,117837,117839,117841,117843,117845,117847,117849,117851,117853,117855,117857,117859,117861,117863,117865,117867,117869,117871],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117824,12701],{"class":284},[56,117826,288],{"class":75},[56,117828,9980],{"class":66},[56,117830,938],{"class":937},[56,117832,7149],{"class":941},[56,117834,938],{"class":937},[56,117836,971],{"class":66},[56,117838,1448],{"class":937},[56,117840,12376],{"class":941},[56,117842,938],{"class":937},[56,117844,1080],{"class":66},[56,117846,1448],{"class":937},[56,117848,8787],{"class":941},[56,117850,938],{"class":937},[56,117852,971],{"class":66},[56,117854,7272],{"class":79},[56,117856,1080],{"class":66},[56,117858,1448],{"class":937},[56,117860,9898],{"class":941},[56,117862,938],{"class":937},[56,117864,971],{"class":66},[56,117866,1448],{"class":937},[56,117868,15530],{"class":941},[56,117870,938],{"class":937},[56,117872,8797],{"class":66},[56,117874,117875,117877,117879,117881,117883,117885],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,117876,63],{"class":62},[56,117878,67],{"class":66},[56,117880,74038],{"class":62},[56,117882,67],{"class":66},[56,117884,16807],{"class":237},[56,117886,83],{"class":66},[14,117888,130],{},[47,117890,117892],{"className":49,"code":117891,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[18,117893,117894],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117895,117896,117898,117900,117902,117904,117906,117908,117910,117912,117914,117916,117918,117920],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117897,3366],{"class":66},[56,117899,1394],{"class":937},[56,117901,8787],{"class":941},[56,117903,1394],{"class":937},[56,117905,1080],{"class":66},[56,117907,1389],{"class":937},[56,117909,9898],{"class":941},[56,117911,1394],{"class":937},[56,117913,1080],{"class":66},[56,117915,1389],{"class":937},[56,117917,7149],{"class":941},[56,117919,1394],{"class":937},[56,117921,3093],{"class":66},[42,117923,7902,117925],{"id":117924},"using-reversetrue",[18,117926,77615],{},[14,117928,153,117929,117931],{},[18,117930,77615],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[47,117933,117935],{"className":49,"code":117934,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[18,117936,117937,117957,117961,117975],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,117938,117939,117941,117943,117945,117947,117949,117951,117953,117955],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,117940,3075],{"class":284},[56,117942,288],{"class":75},[56,117944,3080],{"class":66},[56,117946,121],{"class":79},[56,117948,1080],{"class":66},[56,117950,4973],{"class":79},[56,117952,1080],{"class":66},[56,117954,1083],{"class":79},[56,117956,3093],{"class":66},[56,117958,117959],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,117960,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,117962,117963,117965,117967,117969,117971,117973],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,117964,63],{"class":62},[56,117966,67],{"class":66},[56,117968,74038],{"class":62},[56,117970,67],{"class":66},[56,117972,3107],{"class":237},[56,117974,83],{"class":66},[56,117976,117977,117979,117981,117983,117985,117987,117989,117991,117993,117995],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,117978,63],{"class":62},[56,117980,67],{"class":66},[56,117982,74038],{"class":62},[56,117984,67],{"class":66},[56,117986,3107],{"class":237},[56,117988,1080],{"class":66},[56,117990,77594],{"class":8663},[56,117992,288],{"class":75},[56,117994,3060],{"class":3316},[56,117996,83],{"class":66},[14,117998,130],{},[47,118000,118002],{"className":49,"code":118001,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,118003,118004,118020],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118005,118006,118008,118010,118012,118014,118016,118018],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118007,3366],{"class":66},[56,118009,1077],{"class":79},[56,118011,1080],{"class":66},[56,118013,1083],{"class":79},[56,118015,1080],{"class":66},[56,118017,529],{"class":79},[56,118019,3093],{"class":66},[56,118021,118022,118024,118026,118028,118030,118032,118034],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,118023,3366],{"class":66},[56,118025,121],{"class":79},[56,118027,1080],{"class":66},[56,118029,1083],{"class":79},[56,118031,1080],{"class":66},[56,118033,4973],{"class":79},[56,118035,3093],{"class":66},[14,118037,118038],{},"This also works with strings:",[47,118040,118042],{"className":49,"code":118041,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[18,118043,118044,118076,118080,118094],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118045,118046,118048,118050,118052,118054,118056,118058,118060,118062,118064,118066,118068,118070,118072,118074],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118047,3537],{"class":284},[56,118049,288],{"class":75},[56,118051,3080],{"class":66},[56,118053,938],{"class":937},[56,118055,3546],{"class":941},[56,118057,938],{"class":937},[56,118059,1080],{"class":66},[56,118061,1448],{"class":937},[56,118063,3555],{"class":941},[56,118065,938],{"class":937},[56,118067,1080],{"class":66},[56,118069,1448],{"class":937},[56,118071,3564],{"class":941},[56,118073,938],{"class":937},[56,118075,3093],{"class":66},[56,118077,118078],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,118079,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,118081,118082,118084,118086,118088,118090,118092],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,118083,63],{"class":62},[56,118085,67],{"class":66},[56,118087,74038],{"class":62},[56,118089,67],{"class":66},[56,118091,3581],{"class":237},[56,118093,83],{"class":66},[56,118095,118096,118098,118100,118102,118104,118106,118108,118110,118112,118114],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,118097,63],{"class":62},[56,118099,67],{"class":66},[56,118101,74038],{"class":62},[56,118103,67],{"class":66},[56,118105,3581],{"class":237},[56,118107,1080],{"class":66},[56,118109,77594],{"class":8663},[56,118111,288],{"class":75},[56,118113,3060],{"class":3316},[56,118115,83],{"class":66},[14,118117,130],{},[47,118119,118120],{"className":49,"code":73682,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,118121,118122,118150],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118123,118124,118126,118128,118130,118132,118134,118136,118138,118140,118142,118144,118146,118148],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118125,3366],{"class":66},[56,118127,1394],{"class":937},[56,118129,3546],{"class":941},[56,118131,1394],{"class":937},[56,118133,1080],{"class":66},[56,118135,1389],{"class":937},[56,118137,3555],{"class":941},[56,118139,1394],{"class":937},[56,118141,1080],{"class":66},[56,118143,1389],{"class":937},[56,118145,3564],{"class":941},[56,118147,1394],{"class":937},[56,118149,3093],{"class":66},[56,118151,118152,118154,118156,118158,118160,118162,118164,118166,118168,118170,118172,118174,118176],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,118153,3366],{"class":66},[56,118155,1394],{"class":937},[56,118157,3564],{"class":941},[56,118159,1394],{"class":937},[56,118161,1080],{"class":66},[56,118163,1389],{"class":937},[56,118165,3555],{"class":941},[56,118167,1394],{"class":937},[56,118169,1080],{"class":66},[56,118171,1389],{"class":937},[56,118173,3546],{"class":941},[56,118175,1394],{"class":937},[56,118177,3093],{"class":66},[42,118179,7902,118181,118184],{"id":118180},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[18,118182,118183],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[14,118186,16,118187,118189],{},[18,118188,118183],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[14,118191,118192],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[14,118194,118195],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[47,118197,118199],{"className":49,"code":118198,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[18,118200,118201,118241,118245,118267],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118202,118203,118205,118207,118209,118211,118213,118215,118217,118219,118221,118223,118225,118227,118229,118231,118233,118235,118237,118239],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118204,3537],{"class":284},[56,118206,288],{"class":75},[56,118208,3080],{"class":66},[56,118210,938],{"class":937},[56,118212,78268],{"class":941},[56,118214,938],{"class":937},[56,118216,1080],{"class":66},[56,118218,1448],{"class":937},[56,118220,37872],{"class":941},[56,118222,938],{"class":937},[56,118224,1080],{"class":66},[56,118226,1448],{"class":937},[56,118228,3555],{"class":941},[56,118230,938],{"class":937},[56,118232,1080],{"class":66},[56,118234,1448],{"class":937},[56,118236,37855],{"class":941},[56,118238,938],{"class":937},[56,118240,3093],{"class":66},[56,118242,118243],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,118244,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,118246,118247,118249,118251,118253,118255,118257,118259,118261,118263,118265],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,118248,299],{"class":284},[56,118250,288],{"class":75},[56,118252,74082],{"class":62},[56,118254,67],{"class":66},[56,118256,3581],{"class":237},[56,118258,1080],{"class":66},[56,118260,21082],{"class":8663},[56,118262,288],{"class":75},[56,118264,10653],{"class":62},[56,118266,241],{"class":66},[56,118268,118269,118271,118273,118275],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,118270,63],{"class":62},[56,118272,67],{"class":66},[56,118274,338],{"class":237},[56,118276,241],{"class":66},[14,118278,130],{},[47,118280,118282],{"className":49,"code":118281,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[18,118283,118284],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118285,118286,118288,118290,118292,118294,118296,118298,118300,118302,118304,118306,118308,118310,118312,118314,118316,118318],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118287,3366],{"class":66},[56,118289,1394],{"class":937},[56,118291,37872],{"class":941},[56,118293,1394],{"class":937},[56,118295,1080],{"class":66},[56,118297,1389],{"class":937},[56,118299,78268],{"class":941},[56,118301,1394],{"class":937},[56,118303,1080],{"class":66},[56,118305,1389],{"class":937},[56,118307,37855],{"class":941},[56,118309,1394],{"class":937},[56,118311,1080],{"class":66},[56,118313,1389],{"class":937},[56,118315,3555],{"class":941},[56,118317,1394],{"class":937},[56,118319,3093],{"class":66},[14,118321,20273,118322,118324],{},[18,118323,10653],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[14,118326,118327],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[47,118329,118331],{"className":49,"code":118330,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[18,118332,118333,118366,118370,118396],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118334,118335,118337,118339,118341,118343,118345,118347,118349,118351,118353,118355,118357,118359,118362,118364],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118336,3537],{"class":284},[56,118338,288],{"class":75},[56,118340,3080],{"class":66},[56,118342,938],{"class":937},[56,118344,82887],{"class":941},[56,118346,938],{"class":937},[56,118348,1080],{"class":66},[56,118350,1448],{"class":937},[56,118352,3546],{"class":941},[56,118354,938],{"class":937},[56,118356,1080],{"class":66},[56,118358,1448],{"class":937},[56,118360,118361],{"class":941},"Cherry",[56,118363,938],{"class":937},[56,118365,3093],{"class":66},[56,118367,118368],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,118369,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,118371,118372,118374,118376,118378,118380,118382,118384,118386,118388,118390,118392,118394],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,118373,299],{"class":284},[56,118375,288],{"class":75},[56,118377,74082],{"class":62},[56,118379,67],{"class":66},[56,118381,3581],{"class":237},[56,118383,1080],{"class":66},[56,118385,21082],{"class":8663},[56,118387,288],{"class":75},[56,118389,1540],{"class":989},[56,118391,497],{"class":66},[56,118393,8126],{"class":24254},[56,118395,241],{"class":66},[56,118397,118398,118400,118402,118404],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,118399,63],{"class":62},[56,118401,67],{"class":66},[56,118403,338],{"class":237},[56,118405,241],{"class":66},[14,118407,130],{},[47,118409,118411],{"className":49,"code":118410,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[18,118412,118413],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118414,118415,118417,118419,118421,118423,118425,118427,118429,118431,118433,118435,118437,118439],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118416,3366],{"class":66},[56,118418,1394],{"class":937},[56,118420,3546],{"class":941},[56,118422,1394],{"class":937},[56,118424,1080],{"class":66},[56,118426,1389],{"class":937},[56,118428,82887],{"class":941},[56,118430,1394],{"class":937},[56,118432,1080],{"class":66},[56,118434,1389],{"class":937},[56,118436,118361],{"class":941},[56,118438,1394],{"class":937},[56,118440,3093],{"class":66},[14,118442,118443,118444,34840,118446,497],{},"You can learn more about ",[18,118445,41877],{},[372,118447,3031,118448,1610],{"href":41874},[18,118449,41877],{},[42,118451,118453,10075,118455],{"id":118452},"sorted-vs-listsort",[18,118454,73948],{},[18,118456,77391],{},[14,118458,118459],{},"The main difference is this:",[26,118461,118462,118467],{},[29,118463,118464,118466],{},[18,118465,73948],{}," returns a new list",[29,118468,118469,73486],{},[18,118470,77391],{},[14,118472,118473],{},"Also:",[26,118475,118476,118481],{},[29,118477,118478,118480],{},[18,118479,73948],{}," works with many iterables",[29,118482,118483,78824],{},[18,118484,77391],{},[14,118486,153,118487,10091],{},[18,118488,73948],{},[26,118490,118491,118494],{},[29,118492,118493],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[29,118495,118496],{},"your data is not a list",[14,118498,118499,118500,497],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[372,118501,3031,118502,10075,118504,5259],{"href":78649},[18,118503,73948],{},[18,118505,77391],{},[42,118507,118509],{"id":118508},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[14,118511,118512,118513,497],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[18,118514,73948],{},[615,118516,118518],{"id":118517},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[14,118520,118521,118522,971],{},"This can raise a ",[18,118523,1096],{},[47,118525,118527],{"className":49,"code":118526,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[18,118528,118529,118553],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118530,118531,118533,118535,118537,118539,118541,118543,118545,118547,118549,118551],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118532,3286],{"class":284},[56,118534,288],{"class":75},[56,118536,3080],{"class":66},[56,118538,1077],{"class":79},[56,118540,1080],{"class":66},[56,118542,1448],{"class":937},[56,118544,115],{"class":941},[56,118546,938],{"class":937},[56,118548,1080],{"class":66},[56,118550,529],{"class":79},[56,118552,3093],{"class":66},[56,118554,118555,118557,118559,118561,118563,118565],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,118556,63],{"class":62},[56,118558,67],{"class":66},[56,118560,74038],{"class":62},[56,118562,67],{"class":66},[56,118564,4833],{"class":237},[56,118566,83],{"class":66},[14,118568,118569],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[615,118571,118573,118574,378],{"id":118572},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[18,118575,14339],{},[14,118577,118578],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[14,118580,274],{},[47,118582,118584],{"className":49,"code":118583,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[18,118585,118586,118606],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118587,118588,118590,118592,118594,118596,118598,118600,118602,118604],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118589,3075],{"class":284},[56,118591,288],{"class":75},[56,118593,3080],{"class":66},[56,118595,406],{"class":79},[56,118597,1080],{"class":66},[56,118599,1083],{"class":79},[56,118601,1080],{"class":66},[56,118603,7277],{"class":79},[56,118605,3093],{"class":66},[56,118607,118608,118610,118612,118614,118616,118618,118620,118622,118624,118626],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,118609,63],{"class":62},[56,118611,67],{"class":66},[56,118613,74038],{"class":62},[56,118615,67],{"class":66},[56,118617,3107],{"class":237},[56,118619,1080],{"class":66},[56,118621,21082],{"class":8663},[56,118623,288],{"class":75},[56,118625,10653],{"class":62},[56,118627,83],{"class":66},[14,118629,48029,118630,118632],{},[18,118631,41877],{}," does not work on integers.",[615,118634,118636],{"id":118635},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[14,118638,118639],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[47,118641,118643],{"className":49,"code":118642,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,118644,118645,118665,118675,118679],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118646,118647,118649,118651,118653,118655,118657,118659,118661,118663],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118648,3075],{"class":284},[56,118650,288],{"class":75},[56,118652,3080],{"class":66},[56,118654,121],{"class":79},[56,118656,1080],{"class":66},[56,118658,4973],{"class":79},[56,118660,1080],{"class":66},[56,118662,1083],{"class":79},[56,118664,3093],{"class":66},[56,118666,118667,118669,118671,118673],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,118668,74038],{"class":62},[56,118670,67],{"class":66},[56,118672,3107],{"class":237},[56,118674,241],{"class":66},[56,118676,118677],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,118678,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,118680,118681,118683,118685,118687],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,118682,63],{"class":62},[56,118684,67],{"class":66},[56,118686,3107],{"class":237},[56,118688,241],{"class":66},[14,118690,130],{},[47,118692,118694],{"className":49,"code":118693,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[18,118695,118696],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118697,118698,118700,118702,118704,118706,118708,118710],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118699,3366],{"class":66},[56,118701,121],{"class":79},[56,118703,1080],{"class":66},[56,118705,4973],{"class":79},[56,118707,1080],{"class":66},[56,118709,1083],{"class":79},[56,118711,3093],{"class":66},[14,118713,118714],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[42,118716,912],{"id":911},[26,118718,118719,118723,118726,118731,118735],{},[29,118720,4049,118721,73486],{},[18,118722,73948],{},[29,118724,118725],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[29,118727,4175,118728,118730],{},[18,118729,73948],{}," always returns a list",[29,118732,7902,118733,22607],{},[18,118734,118183],{},[29,118736,29156,118737,118739,118740],{},[18,118738,63835],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[18,118741,73948],{},[14,118743,118744],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[47,118746,118748],{"className":49,"code":118747,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[18,118749,118750,118772,118798,118836],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,118751,118752,118754,118756,118758,118760,118762,118764,118766,118768,118770],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,118753,63],{"class":62},[56,118755,67],{"class":66},[56,118757,74038],{"class":62},[56,118759,1074],{"class":66},[56,118761,121],{"class":79},[56,118763,1080],{"class":66},[56,118765,4973],{"class":79},[56,118767,1080],{"class":66},[56,118769,1083],{"class":79},[56,118771,1090],{"class":66},[56,118773,118774,118776,118778,118780,118782,118784,118786,118788,118790,118792,118794,118796],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,118775,63],{"class":62},[56,118777,67],{"class":66},[56,118779,1314],{"class":989},[56,118781,67],{"class":66},[56,118783,74038],{"class":62},[56,118785,4986],{"class":66},[56,118787,121],{"class":79},[56,118789,1080],{"class":66},[56,118791,4973],{"class":79},[56,118793,1080],{"class":66},[56,118795,1083],{"class":79},[56,118797,92891],{"class":66},[56,118799,118800,118802,118804,118806,118808,118810,118812,118814,118816,118818,118820,118822,118824,118826,118828,118830,118832,118834],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,118801,63],{"class":62},[56,118803,67],{"class":66},[56,118805,74038],{"class":62},[56,118807,1074],{"class":66},[56,118809,1394],{"class":937},[56,118811,82887],{"class":941},[56,118813,1394],{"class":937},[56,118815,1080],{"class":66},[56,118817,1389],{"class":937},[56,118819,3546],{"class":941},[56,118821,1394],{"class":937},[56,118823,17563],{"class":66},[56,118825,21082],{"class":8663},[56,118827,288],{"class":75},[56,118829,1540],{"class":989},[56,118831,497],{"class":66},[56,118833,8126],{"class":24254},[56,118835,83],{"class":66},[56,118837,118838,118840,118842,118844,118846,118848,118850,118852,118854,118856,118858,118860,118862,118864],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,118839,63],{"class":62},[56,118841,67],{"class":66},[56,118843,74038],{"class":62},[56,118845,1074],{"class":66},[56,118847,121],{"class":79},[56,118849,1080],{"class":66},[56,118851,4973],{"class":79},[56,118853,1080],{"class":66},[56,118855,1083],{"class":79},[56,118857,17563],{"class":66},[56,118859,77594],{"class":8663},[56,118861,288],{"class":75},[56,118863,3060],{"class":3316},[56,118865,83],{"class":66},[14,118867,118868,118869,497],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[372,118870,52292],{"href":50499},[42,118872,1553],{"id":1552},[615,118874,12199,118876,56685],{"id":118875},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[18,118877,73948],{},[14,118879,118880],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[615,118882,4615,118884,12211],{"id":118883},"what-does-sorted-return",[18,118885,73948],{},[14,118887,118888],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[615,118890,118892,118893,10583,118895,571],{"id":118891},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[18,118894,73948],{},[18,118896,77391],{},[14,118898,153,118899,118901],{},[18,118900,73948],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[615,118903,4615,118905,85975,118907,571],{"id":118904},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[18,118906,118183],{},[18,118908,73948],{},[14,118910,118911],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[615,118913,4631,118915,118917,118918,571],{"id":118914},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[18,118916,73948],{}," give a ",[18,118919,1096],{},[14,118921,118922],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[42,118924,1601],{"id":1600},[26,118926,118927,118931,118939,118943,118949,118955],{},[29,118928,118929],{},[372,118930,79397],{"href":77900},[29,118932,118933],{},[372,118934,3031,118935,10075,118937,5259],{"href":78649},[18,118936,73948],{},[18,118938,77391],{},[29,118940,118941],{},[372,118942,52292],{"href":50499},[29,118944,118945],{},[372,118946,3031,118947,1610],{"href":41874},[18,118948,41877],{},[29,118950,118951],{},[372,118952,3031,118953,1610],{"href":91547},[18,118954,35260],{},[29,118956,118957],{},[372,118958,3031,118959,1610],{"href":35707},[18,118960,35710],{},[1633,118962,118963],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":118965},[118966,118967,118969,118972,118973,118980,118982,118984,118986,118992,118993,119005],{"id":3064,"depth":86,"text":3065},{"id":117246,"depth":86,"text":118968},"What sorted() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220,"children":118970},[118971],{"id":16894,"depth":102,"text":16895},{"id":10967,"depth":86,"text":10968},{"id":117485,"depth":86,"text":117486,"children":118974},[118975,118976,118977,118978,118979],{"id":7577,"depth":102,"text":117494},{"id":48472,"depth":102,"text":117558},{"id":5764,"depth":102,"text":117655},{"id":60697,"depth":102,"text":117719},{"id":15103,"depth":102,"text":28729},{"id":117924,"depth":86,"text":118981},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118180,"depth":86,"text":118983},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118452,"depth":86,"text":118985},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118508,"depth":86,"text":118509,"children":118987},[118988,118989,118991],{"id":118517,"depth":102,"text":118518},{"id":118572,"depth":102,"text":118990},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118635,"depth":102,"text":118636},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":118994},[118995,118997,118999,119001,119003],{"id":118875,"depth":102,"text":118996},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":118883,"depth":102,"text":118998},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":118891,"depth":102,"text":119000},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":118904,"depth":102,"text":119002},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":118914,"depth":102,"text":119004},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117148,"description":119006},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119013,"title":119014,"body":119015,"description":121126,"extension":1665,"meta":121127,"navigation":316,"path":78649,"seo":121128,"stem":121129,"__hash__":121130},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119016,"toc":121073},[119017,119024,119027,119037,119043,119046,119064,119072,119074,119133,119141,119145,119167,119171,119175,119177,119194,119196,119208,119214,119298,119302,119349,119355,119362,119366,119371,119373,119385,119390,119443,119447,119467,119474,119481,119485,119488,119507,119511,119625,119629,119699,119701,119713,119718,119722,119735,119739,119814,119818,119857,119864,119870,119875,119879,119893,119897,119962,119966,119999,120002,120007,120015,120022,120035,120038,120042,120125,120129,120166,120170,120273,120277,120338,120343,120350,120354,120357,120363,120366,120433,120437,120461,120463,120481,120488,120541,120545,120565,120571,120573,120630,120637,120663,120668,120673,120681,120687,120747,120751,120798,120801,120803,120806,120832,120835,120928,120930,120950,120954,120957,120975,120981,120983,120991,120996,121003,121006,121012,121015,121021,121029,121037,121042,121044,121070],[10,119018,3031,119020,10075,119022,92605],{"id":119019},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[18,119021,73948],{},[18,119023,77391],{},[14,119025,119026],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[26,119028,119029,119033],{},[29,119030,119031],{},[18,119032,73948],{},[29,119034,119035],{},[18,119036,77391],{},[14,119038,119039,119040,119042],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[3205,119041,4101],{}," behave the same way.",[14,119044,119045],{},"The main difference is simple:",[26,119047,119048,119056],{},[29,119049,153,119050,119052,119053],{},[18,119051,73948],{}," when you want a ",[3205,119054,119055],{},"new sorted result",[29,119057,153,119058,119060,119061],{},[18,119059,77391],{}," when you want to ",[3205,119062,119063],{},"change the original list",[14,119065,119066,119067,473,119069,119071],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[18,119068,77391],{},[18,119070,3241],{}," and causes confusion.",[42,119073,3065],{"id":3064},[47,119075,119077],{"className":49,"code":119076,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[18,119078,119079,119099,119103,119120],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119080,119081,119083,119085,119087,119089,119091,119093,119095,119097],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119082,3075],{"class":284},[56,119084,288],{"class":75},[56,119086,3080],{"class":66},[56,119088,121],{"class":79},[56,119090,1080],{"class":66},[56,119092,4973],{"class":79},[56,119094,1080],{"class":66},[56,119096,1083],{"class":79},[56,119098,3093],{"class":66},[56,119100,119101],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,119102,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,119104,119105,119107,119109,119111,119113,119115,119117],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,119106,55411],{"class":284},[56,119108,288],{"class":75},[56,119110,74082],{"class":62},[56,119112,67],{"class":66},[56,119114,3107],{"class":237},[56,119116,3120],{"class":66},[56,119118,119119],{"class":3123},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[56,119121,119122,119124,119126,119128,119130],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,119123,3107],{"class":284},[56,119125,497],{"class":66},[56,119127,34309],{"class":237},[56,119129,6846],{"class":66},[56,119131,119132],{"class":3123},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[14,119134,153,119135,119137,119138,119140],{},[18,119136,73948],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[18,119139,77391],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[42,119142,119144],{"id":119143},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[26,119146,119147,119152,119157,119164],{},[29,119148,153,119149,119151],{},[18,119150,73948],{}," to get a new sorted list",[29,119153,153,119154,119156],{},[18,119155,77391],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[29,119158,119159,119160,473,119162],{},"Understand why ",[18,119161,77391],{},[18,119163,3241],{},[29,119165,119166],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[42,119168,3138,119169,3141],{"id":117246},[18,119170,73948],{},[14,119172,119173,62449],{},[18,119174,73948],{},[14,119176,48446],{},[26,119178,119179,119185,119191],{},[29,119180,119181,119182],{},"returns a ",[3205,119183,119184],{},"new list",[29,119186,119187,119188,119190],{},"does ",[3205,119189,4101],{}," change the original data",[29,119192,119193],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[14,119195,50653],{},[26,119197,119198,119200,119202,119204,119206],{},[29,119199,4774],{},[29,119201,4777],{},[29,119203,4783],{},[29,119205,4780],{},[29,119207,35421],{},[615,119209,34588,119211,119213],{"id":119210},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[18,119212,73948],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[47,119215,119217],{"className":49,"code":119216,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[18,119218,119219,119239,119243,119257,119261,119279],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119220,119221,119223,119225,119227,119229,119231,119233,119235,119237],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119222,3075],{"class":284},[56,119224,288],{"class":75},[56,119226,3080],{"class":66},[56,119228,121],{"class":79},[56,119230,1080],{"class":66},[56,119232,4973],{"class":79},[56,119234,1080],{"class":66},[56,119236,1083],{"class":79},[56,119238,3093],{"class":66},[56,119240,119241],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,119242,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,119244,119245,119247,119249,119251,119253,119255],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,119246,299],{"class":284},[56,119248,288],{"class":75},[56,119250,74082],{"class":62},[56,119252,67],{"class":66},[56,119254,3107],{"class":237},[56,119256,241],{"class":66},[56,119258,119259],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,119260,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,119262,119263,119265,119267,119269,119271,119273,119275,119277],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,119264,63],{"class":62},[56,119266,67],{"class":66},[56,119268,938],{"class":937},[56,119270,11648],{"class":941},[56,119272,938],{"class":937},[56,119274,1080],{"class":66},[56,119276,3731],{"class":237},[56,119278,241],{"class":66},[56,119280,119281,119283,119285,119287,119290,119292,119294,119296],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,119282,63],{"class":62},[56,119284,67],{"class":66},[56,119286,938],{"class":937},[56,119288,119289],{"class":941},"sorted result:",[56,119291,938],{"class":937},[56,119293,1080],{"class":66},[56,119295,80741],{"class":237},[56,119297,241],{"class":66},[14,119299,119300],{},[3205,119301,130],{},[47,119303,119305],{"className":49,"code":119304,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[18,119306,119307,119327],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119308,119309,119311,119313,119315,119317,119319,119321,119323,119325],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119310,11627],{"class":284},[56,119312,971],{"class":66},[56,119314,3080],{"class":66},[56,119316,121],{"class":79},[56,119318,1080],{"class":66},[56,119320,4973],{"class":79},[56,119322,1080],{"class":66},[56,119324,1083],{"class":79},[56,119326,3093],{"class":66},[56,119328,119329,119331,119333,119335,119337,119339,119341,119343,119345,119347],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,119330,74038],{"class":62},[56,119332,80741],{"class":284},[56,119334,971],{"class":66},[56,119336,3080],{"class":66},[56,119338,1077],{"class":79},[56,119340,1080],{"class":66},[56,119342,1083],{"class":79},[56,119344,1080],{"class":66},[56,119346,529],{"class":79},[56,119348,3093],{"class":66},[14,119350,119351,119352,119354],{},"The important part is that ",[18,119353,3107],{}," stays the same.",[14,119356,119357,119358,497],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[372,119359,3031,119360,1610],{"href":74045},[18,119361,73948],{},[42,119363,3138,119364,3141],{"id":77457},[18,119365,77391],{},[14,119367,119368,119370],{},[18,119369,63835],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[14,119372,48446],{},[26,119374,119375,119378,119381],{},[29,119376,119377],{},"changes the original list directly",[29,119379,119380],{},"only works on lists",[29,119382,3153,119383],{},[18,119384,3241],{},[615,119386,34588,119388,73486],{"id":119387},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[18,119389,77391],{},[47,119391,119393],{"className":49,"code":119392,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,119394,119395,119415,119419,119429,119433],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119396,119397,119399,119401,119403,119405,119407,119409,119411,119413],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119398,3075],{"class":284},[56,119400,288],{"class":75},[56,119402,3080],{"class":66},[56,119404,121],{"class":79},[56,119406,1080],{"class":66},[56,119408,4973],{"class":79},[56,119410,1080],{"class":66},[56,119412,1083],{"class":79},[56,119414,3093],{"class":66},[56,119416,119417],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,119418,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,119420,119421,119423,119425,119427],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,119422,3107],{"class":284},[56,119424,497],{"class":66},[56,119426,34309],{"class":237},[56,119428,8129],{"class":66},[56,119430,119431],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,119432,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,119434,119435,119437,119439,119441],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,119436,63],{"class":62},[56,119438,67],{"class":66},[56,119440,3107],{"class":237},[56,119442,241],{"class":66},[14,119444,119445],{},[3205,119446,130],{},[47,119448,119449],{"className":49,"code":54671,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,119450,119451],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119452,119453,119455,119457,119459,119461,119463,119465],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119454,3366],{"class":66},[56,119456,1077],{"class":79},[56,119458,1080],{"class":66},[56,119460,1083],{"class":79},[56,119462,1080],{"class":66},[56,119464,529],{"class":79},[56,119466,3093],{"class":66},[14,119468,119469,119470,119473],{},"After calling ",[18,119471,119472],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[14,119475,119476,119477,497],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[372,119478,3031,119479,10231],{"href":74299},[18,119480,77391],{},[42,119482,119484],{"id":119483},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[14,119486,119487],{},"Here is the core difference:",[26,119489,119490,119499],{},[29,119491,119492,119495,119496],{},[18,119493,119494],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[3205,119497,119498],{},"new sorted list",[29,119500,119501,119504,119505,73856],{},[18,119502,119503],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[18,119506,7823],{},[615,119508,119510],{"id":119509},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[47,119512,119514],{"className":49,"code":119513,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[18,119515,119516,119536,119540,119554,119573,119592,119596,119606],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119517,119518,119520,119522,119524,119526,119528,119530,119532,119534],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119519,3075],{"class":284},[56,119521,288],{"class":75},[56,119523,3080],{"class":66},[56,119525,198],{"class":79},[56,119527,1080],{"class":66},[56,119529,1083],{"class":79},[56,119531,1080],{"class":66},[56,119533,535],{"class":79},[56,119535,3093],{"class":66},[56,119537,119538],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,119539,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,119541,119542,119544,119546,119548,119550,119552],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,119543,635],{"class":284},[56,119545,288],{"class":75},[56,119547,74082],{"class":62},[56,119549,67],{"class":66},[56,119551,3107],{"class":237},[56,119553,241],{"class":66},[56,119555,119556,119558,119560,119562,119565,119567,119569,119571],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,119557,63],{"class":62},[56,119559,67],{"class":66},[56,119561,938],{"class":937},[56,119563,119564],{"class":941},"numbers after sorted():",[56,119566,938],{"class":937},[56,119568,1080],{"class":66},[56,119570,3731],{"class":237},[56,119572,241],{"class":66},[56,119574,119575,119577,119579,119581,119584,119586,119588,119590],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,119576,63],{"class":62},[56,119578,67],{"class":66},[56,119580,938],{"class":937},[56,119582,119583],{"class":941},"a:",[56,119585,938],{"class":937},[56,119587,1080],{"class":66},[56,119589,56409],{"class":237},[56,119591,241],{"class":66},[56,119593,119594],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,119595,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,119597,119598,119600,119602,119604],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,119599,3107],{"class":284},[56,119601,497],{"class":66},[56,119603,34309],{"class":237},[56,119605,8129],{"class":66},[56,119607,119608,119610,119612,119614,119617,119619,119621,119623],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,119609,63],{"class":62},[56,119611,67],{"class":66},[56,119613,938],{"class":937},[56,119615,119616],{"class":941},"numbers after sort():",[56,119618,938],{"class":937},[56,119620,1080],{"class":66},[56,119622,3731],{"class":237},[56,119624,241],{"class":66},[14,119626,119627],{},[3205,119628,130],{},[47,119630,119632],{"className":49,"code":119631,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[18,119633,119634,119657,119677],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119635,119636,119639,119641,119643,119645,119647,119649,119651,119653,119655],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119637,119638],{"class":284},"numbers after ",[56,119640,74038],{"class":62},[56,119642,29090],{"class":66},[56,119644,3080],{"class":66},[56,119646,198],{"class":79},[56,119648,1080],{"class":66},[56,119650,1083],{"class":79},[56,119652,1080],{"class":66},[56,119654,535],{"class":79},[56,119656,3093],{"class":66},[56,119658,119659,119661,119663,119665,119667,119669,119671,119673,119675],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,119660,372],{"class":284},[56,119662,971],{"class":66},[56,119664,3080],{"class":66},[56,119666,115],{"class":79},[56,119668,1080],{"class":66},[56,119670,535],{"class":79},[56,119672,1080],{"class":66},[56,119674,4075],{"class":79},[56,119676,3093],{"class":66},[56,119678,119679,119681,119683,119685,119687,119689,119691,119693,119695,119697],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,119680,119638],{"class":284},[56,119682,34309],{"class":237},[56,119684,29090],{"class":66},[56,119686,3080],{"class":66},[56,119688,115],{"class":79},[56,119690,1080],{"class":66},[56,119692,535],{"class":79},[56,119694,1080],{"class":66},[56,119696,4075],{"class":79},[56,119698,3093],{"class":66},[14,119700,10203],{},[26,119702,119703,119708],{},[29,119704,119705,119707],{},[18,119706,73948],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[29,119709,119710,119712],{},[18,119711,63835],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[42,119714,4433,119716],{"id":119715},"when-to-use-sorted",[18,119717,73948],{},[14,119719,153,119720,10091],{},[18,119721,73948],{},[26,119723,119724,119727,119729,119732],{},[29,119725,119726],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[29,119728,118496],{},[29,119730,119731],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[29,119733,119734],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[615,119736,119738],{"id":119737},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[47,119740,119742],{"className":49,"code":119741,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,119743,119744,119768,119772,119786,119790,119800],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119745,119746,119748,119750,119752,119754,119756,119758,119760,119762,119764,119766],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119747,3075],{"class":284},[56,119749,288],{"class":75},[56,119751,8724],{"class":66},[56,119753,584],{"class":79},[56,119755,1080],{"class":66},[56,119757,4973],{"class":79},[56,119759,1080],{"class":66},[56,119761,529],{"class":79},[56,119763,1080],{"class":66},[56,119765,1083],{"class":79},[56,119767,241],{"class":66},[56,119769,119770],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,119771,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,119773,119774,119776,119778,119780,119782,119784],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,119775,299],{"class":284},[56,119777,288],{"class":75},[56,119779,74082],{"class":62},[56,119781,67],{"class":66},[56,119783,3107],{"class":237},[56,119785,241],{"class":66},[56,119787,119788],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,119789,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,119791,119792,119794,119796,119798],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,119793,63],{"class":62},[56,119795,67],{"class":66},[56,119797,338],{"class":237},[56,119799,241],{"class":66},[56,119801,119802,119804,119806,119808,119810,119812],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,119803,63],{"class":62},[56,119805,67],{"class":66},[56,119807,1314],{"class":989},[56,119809,67],{"class":66},[56,119811,338],{"class":237},[56,119813,83],{"class":66},[14,119815,119816],{},[3205,119817,130],{},[47,119819,119821],{"className":49,"code":119820,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,119822,119823,119843],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119824,119825,119827,119829,119831,119833,119835,119837,119839,119841],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119826,3366],{"class":66},[56,119828,1077],{"class":79},[56,119830,1080],{"class":66},[56,119832,1083],{"class":79},[56,119834,1080],{"class":66},[56,119836,529],{"class":79},[56,119838,1080],{"class":66},[56,119840,535],{"class":79},[56,119842,3093],{"class":66},[56,119844,119845,119847,119849,119851,119853,119855],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,119846,1383],{"class":75},[56,119848,1386],{"class":124},[56,119850,1389],{"class":937},[56,119852,7577],{"class":941},[56,119854,1394],{"class":937},[56,119856,1397],{"class":75},[14,119858,360,119859,119861,119862,497],{},[18,119860,73948],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[3205,119863,7577],{},[14,119865,119866,119867,119869],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[372,119868,52292],{"href":50499}," is a helpful next step.",[42,119871,4433,119873],{"id":119872},"when-to-use-listsort",[18,119874,77391],{},[14,119876,153,119877,10091],{},[18,119878,77391],{},[26,119880,119881,119884,119887,119890],{},[29,119882,119883],{},"you already have a list",[29,119885,119886],{},"you want to update that list directly",[29,119888,119889],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[29,119891,119892],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[615,119894,119896],{"id":119895},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[47,119898,119900],{"className":49,"code":119899,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[18,119901,119902,119934,119938,119948,119952],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119903,119904,119906,119908,119910,119912,119914,119916,119918,119920,119922,119924,119926,119928,119930,119932],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119905,4467],{"class":284},[56,119907,288],{"class":75},[56,119909,3080],{"class":66},[56,119911,938],{"class":937},[56,119913,4494],{"class":941},[56,119915,938],{"class":937},[56,119917,1080],{"class":66},[56,119919,1448],{"class":937},[56,119921,4476],{"class":941},[56,119923,938],{"class":937},[56,119925,1080],{"class":66},[56,119927,1448],{"class":937},[56,119929,4485],{"class":941},[56,119931,938],{"class":937},[56,119933,3093],{"class":66},[56,119935,119936],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,119937,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,119939,119940,119942,119944,119946],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,119941,4511],{"class":284},[56,119943,497],{"class":66},[56,119945,34309],{"class":237},[56,119947,8129],{"class":66},[56,119949,119950],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,119951,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,119953,119954,119956,119958,119960],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,119955,63],{"class":62},[56,119957,67],{"class":66},[56,119959,4511],{"class":237},[56,119961,241],{"class":66},[14,119963,119964],{},[3205,119965,130],{},[47,119967,119969],{"className":49,"code":119968,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[18,119970,119971],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,119972,119973,119975,119977,119979,119981,119983,119985,119987,119989,119991,119993,119995,119997],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,119974,3366],{"class":66},[56,119976,1394],{"class":937},[56,119978,4476],{"class":941},[56,119980,1394],{"class":937},[56,119982,1080],{"class":66},[56,119984,1389],{"class":937},[56,119986,4485],{"class":941},[56,119988,1394],{"class":937},[56,119990,1080],{"class":66},[56,119992,1389],{"class":937},[56,119994,4494],{"class":941},[56,119996,1394],{"class":937},[56,119998,3093],{"class":66},[14,120000,120001],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[14,120003,120004,120005,497],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[372,120006,79397],{"href":77900},[42,120008,120010,3862,120012,120014],{"id":120009},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[18,120011,73101],{},[18,120013,14339],{}," work with both",[14,120016,10080,120017,3862,120019,120021],{},[18,120018,73948],{},[18,120020,77391],{}," support:",[26,120023,120024,120029],{},[29,120025,120026,120028],{},[18,120027,77615],{}," for descending order",[29,120030,120031,120034],{},[18,120032,120033],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[14,120036,120037],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[615,120039,120041],{"id":120040},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[47,120043,120045],{"className":49,"code":120044,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,120046,120047,120067,120071,120093,120097,120115],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120048,120049,120051,120053,120055,120057,120059,120061,120063,120065],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120050,3075],{"class":284},[56,120052,288],{"class":75},[56,120054,3080],{"class":66},[56,120056,121],{"class":79},[56,120058,1080],{"class":66},[56,120060,4973],{"class":79},[56,120062,1080],{"class":66},[56,120064,1083],{"class":79},[56,120066,3093],{"class":66},[56,120068,120069],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,120070,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,120072,120073,120075,120077,120079,120081,120083,120085,120087,120089,120091],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,120074,63],{"class":62},[56,120076,67],{"class":66},[56,120078,74038],{"class":62},[56,120080,67],{"class":66},[56,120082,3107],{"class":237},[56,120084,1080],{"class":66},[56,120086,77594],{"class":8663},[56,120088,288],{"class":75},[56,120090,3060],{"class":3316},[56,120092,83],{"class":66},[56,120094,120095],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,120096,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,120098,120099,120101,120103,120105,120107,120109,120111,120113],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,120100,3107],{"class":284},[56,120102,497],{"class":66},[56,120104,34309],{"class":237},[56,120106,67],{"class":66},[56,120108,73101],{"class":8663},[56,120110,288],{"class":75},[56,120112,3060],{"class":3316},[56,120114,241],{"class":66},[56,120116,120117,120119,120121,120123],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,120118,63],{"class":62},[56,120120,67],{"class":66},[56,120122,3107],{"class":237},[56,120124,241],{"class":66},[14,120126,120127],{},[3205,120128,130],{},[47,120130,120132],{"className":49,"code":120131,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[18,120133,120134,120150],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120135,120136,120138,120140,120142,120144,120146,120148],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120137,3366],{"class":66},[56,120139,121],{"class":79},[56,120141,1080],{"class":66},[56,120143,1083],{"class":79},[56,120145,1080],{"class":66},[56,120147,4973],{"class":79},[56,120149,3093],{"class":66},[56,120151,120152,120154,120156,120158,120160,120162,120164],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,120153,3366],{"class":66},[56,120155,121],{"class":79},[56,120157,1080],{"class":66},[56,120159,1083],{"class":79},[56,120161,1080],{"class":66},[56,120163,4973],{"class":79},[56,120165,3093],{"class":66},[615,120167,120169],{"id":120168},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[47,120171,120173],{"className":49,"code":120172,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[18,120174,120175,120207,120211,120237,120241,120263],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120176,120177,120179,120181,120183,120185,120187,120189,120191,120193,120195,120197,120199,120201,120203,120205],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120178,3537],{"class":284},[56,120180,288],{"class":75},[56,120182,3080],{"class":66},[56,120184,938],{"class":937},[56,120186,82887],{"class":941},[56,120188,938],{"class":937},[56,120190,1080],{"class":66},[56,120192,1448],{"class":937},[56,120194,3546],{"class":941},[56,120196,938],{"class":937},[56,120198,1080],{"class":66},[56,120200,1448],{"class":937},[56,120202,118361],{"class":941},[56,120204,938],{"class":937},[56,120206,3093],{"class":66},[56,120208,120209],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,120210,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,120212,120213,120215,120217,120219,120221,120223,120225,120227,120229,120231,120233,120235],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,120214,63],{"class":62},[56,120216,67],{"class":66},[56,120218,74038],{"class":62},[56,120220,67],{"class":66},[56,120222,3581],{"class":237},[56,120224,1080],{"class":66},[56,120226,21082],{"class":8663},[56,120228,288],{"class":75},[56,120230,1540],{"class":989},[56,120232,497],{"class":66},[56,120234,8126],{"class":24254},[56,120236,83],{"class":66},[56,120238,120239],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,120240,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,120242,120243,120245,120247,120249,120251,120253,120255,120257,120259,120261],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,120244,3581],{"class":284},[56,120246,497],{"class":66},[56,120248,34309],{"class":237},[56,120250,67],{"class":66},[56,120252,14339],{"class":8663},[56,120254,288],{"class":75},[56,120256,1540],{"class":989},[56,120258,497],{"class":66},[56,120260,8126],{"class":24254},[56,120262,241],{"class":66},[56,120264,120265,120267,120269,120271],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,120266,63],{"class":62},[56,120268,67],{"class":66},[56,120270,3581],{"class":237},[56,120272,241],{"class":66},[14,120274,120275],{},[3205,120276,130],{},[47,120278,120280],{"className":49,"code":120279,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[18,120281,120282,120310],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120283,120284,120286,120288,120290,120292,120294,120296,120298,120300,120302,120304,120306,120308],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120285,3366],{"class":66},[56,120287,1394],{"class":937},[56,120289,3546],{"class":941},[56,120291,1394],{"class":937},[56,120293,1080],{"class":66},[56,120295,1389],{"class":937},[56,120297,82887],{"class":941},[56,120299,1394],{"class":937},[56,120301,1080],{"class":66},[56,120303,1389],{"class":937},[56,120305,118361],{"class":941},[56,120307,1394],{"class":937},[56,120309,3093],{"class":66},[56,120311,120312,120314,120316,120318,120320,120322,120324,120326,120328,120330,120332,120334,120336],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,120313,3366],{"class":66},[56,120315,1394],{"class":937},[56,120317,3546],{"class":941},[56,120319,1394],{"class":937},[56,120321,1080],{"class":66},[56,120323,1389],{"class":937},[56,120325,82887],{"class":941},[56,120327,1394],{"class":937},[56,120329,1080],{"class":66},[56,120331,1389],{"class":937},[56,120333,118361],{"class":941},[56,120335,1394],{"class":937},[56,120337,3093],{"class":66},[14,120339,7902,120340,120342],{},[18,120341,78109],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[14,120344,120345,120346,497],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[372,120347,120349],{"href":120348},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[42,120351,120353],{"id":120352},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[14,120355,120356],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[615,120358,120360,120361,12092],{"id":120359},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[18,120362,77391],{},[14,120364,120365],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[47,120367,120369],{"className":49,"code":120368,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,120370,120371,120391,120395,120409,120413,120423],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120372,120373,120375,120377,120379,120381,120383,120385,120387,120389],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120374,3075],{"class":284},[56,120376,288],{"class":75},[56,120378,3080],{"class":66},[56,120380,121],{"class":79},[56,120382,1080],{"class":66},[56,120384,4973],{"class":79},[56,120386,1080],{"class":66},[56,120388,1083],{"class":79},[56,120390,3093],{"class":66},[56,120392,120393],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,120394,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,120396,120397,120399,120401,120403,120405,120407],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,120398,299],{"class":284},[56,120400,288],{"class":75},[56,120402,3731],{"class":284},[56,120404,497],{"class":66},[56,120406,34309],{"class":237},[56,120408,8129],{"class":66},[56,120410,120411],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,120412,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,120414,120415,120417,120419,120421],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,120416,63],{"class":62},[56,120418,67],{"class":66},[56,120420,338],{"class":237},[56,120422,241],{"class":66},[56,120424,120425,120427,120429,120431],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,120426,63],{"class":62},[56,120428,67],{"class":66},[56,120430,3107],{"class":237},[56,120432,241],{"class":66},[14,120434,120435],{},[3205,120436,130],{},[47,120438,120439],{"className":49,"code":78732,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,120440,120441,120445],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120442,120443],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120444,11302],{"class":3316},[56,120446,120447,120449,120451,120453,120455,120457,120459],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,120448,3366],{"class":66},[56,120450,1077],{"class":79},[56,120452,1080],{"class":66},[56,120454,1083],{"class":79},[56,120456,1080],{"class":66},[56,120458,529],{"class":79},[56,120460,3093],{"class":66},[14,120462,11394],{},[26,120464,120465,120470,120475],{},[29,120466,120467,120469],{},[18,120468,119472],{}," sorts the list in place",[29,120471,34525,120472,120474],{},[3205,120473,4101],{}," return the sorted list",[29,120476,89511,120477,41671,120479],{},[18,120478,338],{},[18,120480,3241],{},[615,120482,120484,120485,120487],{"id":120483},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[18,120486,73948],{}," to change the original list",[47,120489,120491],{"className":49,"code":120490,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,120492,120493,120513,120517,120527,120531],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120494,120495,120497,120499,120501,120503,120505,120507,120509,120511],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120496,3075],{"class":284},[56,120498,288],{"class":75},[56,120500,3080],{"class":66},[56,120502,121],{"class":79},[56,120504,1080],{"class":66},[56,120506,4973],{"class":79},[56,120508,1080],{"class":66},[56,120510,1083],{"class":79},[56,120512,3093],{"class":66},[56,120514,120515],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,120516,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,120518,120519,120521,120523,120525],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,120520,74038],{"class":62},[56,120522,67],{"class":66},[56,120524,3107],{"class":237},[56,120526,241],{"class":66},[56,120528,120529],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,120530,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,120532,120533,120535,120537,120539],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,120534,63],{"class":62},[56,120536,67],{"class":66},[56,120538,3107],{"class":237},[56,120540,241],{"class":66},[14,120542,120543],{},[3205,120544,130],{},[47,120546,120547],{"className":49,"code":118693,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,120548,120549],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120550,120551,120553,120555,120557,120559,120561,120563],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120552,3366],{"class":66},[56,120554,121],{"class":79},[56,120556,1080],{"class":66},[56,120558,4973],{"class":79},[56,120560,1080],{"class":66},[56,120562,1083],{"class":79},[56,120564,3093],{"class":66},[14,120566,120567,120570],{},[18,120568,120569],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[14,120572,10298],{},[47,120574,120576],{"className":49,"code":120575,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[18,120577,120578,120598,120602,120616,120620],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120579,120580,120582,120584,120586,120588,120590,120592,120594,120596],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120581,3075],{"class":284},[56,120583,288],{"class":75},[56,120585,3080],{"class":66},[56,120587,121],{"class":79},[56,120589,1080],{"class":66},[56,120591,4973],{"class":79},[56,120593,1080],{"class":66},[56,120595,1083],{"class":79},[56,120597,3093],{"class":66},[56,120599,120600],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,120601,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,120603,120604,120606,120608,120610,120612,120614],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,120605,55163],{"class":284},[56,120607,288],{"class":75},[56,120609,74082],{"class":62},[56,120611,67],{"class":66},[56,120613,3107],{"class":237},[56,120615,241],{"class":66},[56,120617,120618],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,120619,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,120621,120622,120624,120626,120628],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,120623,63],{"class":62},[56,120625,67],{"class":66},[56,120627,55182],{"class":237},[56,120629,241],{"class":66},[615,120631,120633,120634,120636],{"id":120632},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[18,120635,63835],{}," on a tuple or string",[47,120638,120639],{"className":49,"code":78834,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,120640,120641,120653],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120642,120643,120645,120647,120649,120651],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120644,34197],{"class":284},[56,120646,288],{"class":75},[56,120648,1448],{"class":937},[56,120650,51],{"class":941},[56,120652,1454],{"class":937},[56,120654,120655,120657,120659,120661],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,120656,34218],{"class":284},[56,120658,497],{"class":66},[56,120660,34309],{"class":237},[56,120662,8129],{"class":66},[14,120664,120665,120666,33109],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[18,120667,63835],{},[14,120669,120670,120672],{},[18,120671,63835],{}," only works on lists.",[14,120674,120675,120676,120678,120679,497],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[18,120677,73948],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[372,120680,4609],{"href":5062},[615,120682,120684,120685,118730],{"id":120683},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[18,120686,73948],{},[47,120688,120690],{"className":49,"code":120689,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,120691,120692,120705,120719,120723,120733],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120693,120694,120696,120698,120700,120703],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120695,34197],{"class":284},[56,120697,288],{"class":75},[56,120699,1448],{"class":937},[56,120701,120702],{"class":941},"cab",[56,120704,1454],{"class":937},[56,120706,120707,120709,120711,120713,120715,120717],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,120708,299],{"class":284},[56,120710,288],{"class":75},[56,120712,74082],{"class":62},[56,120714,67],{"class":66},[56,120716,34218],{"class":237},[56,120718,241],{"class":66},[56,120720,120721],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,120722,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,120724,120725,120727,120729,120731],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,120726,63],{"class":62},[56,120728,67],{"class":66},[56,120730,338],{"class":237},[56,120732,241],{"class":66},[56,120734,120735,120737,120739,120741,120743,120745],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,120736,63],{"class":62},[56,120738,67],{"class":66},[56,120740,1314],{"class":989},[56,120742,67],{"class":66},[56,120744,338],{"class":237},[56,120746,83],{"class":66},[14,120748,120749],{},[3205,120750,130],{},[47,120752,120754],{"className":49,"code":120753,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,120755,120756,120784],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120757,120758,120760,120762,120764,120766,120768,120770,120772,120774,120776,120778,120780,120782],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120759,3366],{"class":66},[56,120761,1394],{"class":937},[56,120763,372],{"class":941},[56,120765,1394],{"class":937},[56,120767,1080],{"class":66},[56,120769,1389],{"class":937},[56,120771,4232],{"class":941},[56,120773,1394],{"class":937},[56,120775,1080],{"class":66},[56,120777,1389],{"class":937},[56,120779,9228],{"class":941},[56,120781,1394],{"class":937},[56,120783,3093],{"class":66},[56,120785,120786,120788,120790,120792,120794,120796],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,120787,1383],{"class":75},[56,120789,1386],{"class":124},[56,120791,1389],{"class":937},[56,120793,7577],{"class":941},[56,120795,1394],{"class":937},[56,120797,1397],{"class":75},[14,120799,120800],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[42,120802,113251],{"id":113250},[14,120804,120805],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[26,120807,120808,120811,120816,120821,120827],{},[29,120809,120810],{},"confusing a function with a method",[29,120812,120813,120814,53165],{},"not knowing that ",[18,120815,63835],{},[29,120817,120818,120819,12092],{},"assigning the result of ",[18,120820,77391],{},[29,120822,120823,120824,120826],{},"trying to use ",[18,120825,63835],{}," on non-list data types",[29,120828,50025,120829,120831],{},[18,120830,73948],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[14,120833,120834],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[47,120836,120838],{"className":49,"code":120837,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[18,120839,120840,120850,120864,120889,120904,120914],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,120841,120842,120844,120846,120848],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,120843,63],{"class":62},[56,120845,67],{"class":66},[56,120847,7823],{"class":237},[56,120849,241],{"class":66},[56,120851,120852,120854,120856,120858,120860,120862],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,120853,63],{"class":62},[56,120855,67],{"class":66},[56,120857,74038],{"class":62},[56,120859,67],{"class":66},[56,120861,7823],{"class":237},[56,120863,83],{"class":66},[56,120865,120866,120868,120870,120872,120874,120876,120878,120881,120883,120885,120887],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,120867,299],{"class":284},[56,120869,288],{"class":75},[56,120871,7880],{"class":284},[56,120873,497],{"class":66},[56,120875,34309],{"class":237},[56,120877,6846],{"class":66},[56,120879,120880],{"class":284},"; ",[56,120882,63],{"class":62},[56,120884,67],{"class":66},[56,120886,338],{"class":237},[56,120888,241],{"class":66},[56,120890,120891,120893,120895,120897,120899,120902],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,120892,63],{"class":62},[56,120894,67],{"class":66},[56,120896,1314],{"class":989},[56,120898,67],{"class":66},[56,120900,120901],{"class":237},"my_data",[56,120903,83],{"class":66},[56,120905,120906,120908,120910,120912],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,120907,31660],{"class":62},[56,120909,67],{"class":66},[56,120911,74038],{"class":62},[56,120913,241],{"class":66},[56,120915,120916,120918,120920,120922,120924,120926],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,120917,31660],{"class":62},[56,120919,67],{"class":66},[56,120921,7577],{"class":989},[56,120923,497],{"class":66},[56,120925,34309],{"class":24254},[56,120927,241],{"class":66},[14,120929,83897],{},[26,120931,120932,120935,120939,120947],{},[29,120933,120934],{},"whether your original list changed",[29,120936,25524,120937,11199],{},[18,120938,73948],{},[29,120940,120941,120942,120944,120945],{},"whether ",[18,120943,63835],{}," returned ",[18,120946,3241],{},[29,120948,120949],{},"what type of object you are working with",[42,120951,120953],{"id":120952},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[14,120955,120956],{},"Use this rule:",[26,120958,120959,120967],{},[29,120960,120961,120962,120964,120965],{},"Need a ",[3205,120963,119055],{},": use ",[18,120966,73948],{},[29,120968,120969,120970,120964,120973],{},"Need to ",[3205,120971,120972],{},"change one list directly",[18,120974,77391],{},[14,120976,120977,120978,120980],{},"For many beginners, ",[18,120979,73948],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[42,120982,1553],{"id":1552},[615,120984,120986,120987,964,120989,571],{"id":120985},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[18,120988,73948],{},[18,120990,77391],{},[14,120992,120993,120995],{},[18,120994,73948],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[615,120997,4631,120999,4634,121001,571],{"id":120998},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[18,121000,77391],{},[18,121002,3241],{},[14,121004,121005],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[615,121007,4643,121009,121011],{"id":121008},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[18,121010,73948],{}," sort a tuple?",[14,121013,121014],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[615,121016,27834,121018,121020],{"id":121017},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[18,121019,63835],{}," on a string?",[14,121022,45883,121023,121025,121026,39444],{},[18,121024,63835],{}," is a list method. Use ",[18,121027,121028],{},"sorted(string)",[615,121030,11313,121032,3862,121034,121036],{"id":121031},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[18,121033,73948],{},[18,121035,63835],{}," both support descending order?",[14,121038,121039,121040,497],{},"Yes. Both support ",[18,121041,77615],{},[42,121043,1601],{"id":1600},[26,121045,121046,121052,121058,121062,121066],{},[29,121047,121048],{},[372,121049,3031,121050,1610],{"href":74045},[18,121051,73948],{},[29,121053,121054],{},[372,121055,3031,121056,10231],{"href":74299},[18,121057,77391],{},[29,121059,121060],{},[372,121061,79397],{"href":77900},[29,121063,121064],{},[372,121065,120349],{"href":120348},[29,121067,121068],{},[372,121069,52292],{"href":50499},[1633,121071,121072],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":121074},[121075,121076,121077,121081,121085,121088,121092,121096,121101,121111,121112,121113,121125],{"id":3064,"depth":86,"text":3065},{"id":119143,"depth":86,"text":119144},{"id":117246,"depth":86,"text":118968,"children":121078},[121079],{"id":119210,"depth":102,"text":121080},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77457,"depth":86,"text":79419,"children":121082},[121083],{"id":119387,"depth":102,"text":121084},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119483,"depth":86,"text":119484,"children":121086},[121087],{"id":119509,"depth":102,"text":119510},{"id":119715,"depth":86,"text":121089,"children":121090},"When to use sorted()",[121091],{"id":119737,"depth":102,"text":119738},{"id":119872,"depth":86,"text":121093,"children":121094},"When to use list.sort()",[121095],{"id":119895,"depth":102,"text":119896},{"id":120009,"depth":86,"text":121097,"children":121098},"reverse and key work with both",[121099,121100],{"id":120040,"depth":102,"text":120041},{"id":120168,"depth":102,"text":120169},{"id":120352,"depth":86,"text":120353,"children":121102},[121103,121105,121107,121109],{"id":120359,"depth":102,"text":121104},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120483,"depth":102,"text":121106},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120632,"depth":102,"text":121108},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120683,"depth":102,"text":121110},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113250,"depth":86,"text":113251},{"id":120952,"depth":86,"text":120953},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":121114},[121115,121117,121119,121121,121123],{"id":120985,"depth":102,"text":121116},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":120998,"depth":102,"text":121118},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121008,"depth":102,"text":121120},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121017,"depth":102,"text":121122},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121031,"depth":102,"text":121124},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119014,"description":121126},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121132,"title":41692,"body":121133,"description":122865,"extension":1665,"meta":122866,"navigation":316,"path":122867,"seo":122868,"stem":122869,"__hash__":122870},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121134,"toc":122822},[121135,121140,121145,121151,121153,121208,121212,121235,121240,121245,121250,121252,121283,121286,121300,121302,121304,121319,121324,121328,121331,121382,121386,121400,121407,121411,121415,121470,121474,121497,121501,121557,121561,121584,121588,121643,121647,121670,121674,121741,121745,121780,121786,121791,121796,121798,121812,121814,121888,121892,121912,121917,121924,121927,121939,121941,122010,122014,122051,122054,122079,122086,122095,122098,122110,122116,122122,122124,122130,122135,122214,122218,122259,122263,122265,122292,122295,122318,122321,122327,122330,122367,122379,122386,122388,122439,122442,122474,122477,122479,122486,122488,122503,122505,122562,122566,122590,122592,122597,122613,122620,122624,122627,122710,122720,122722,122727,122730,122736,122739,122745,122748,122754,122757,122764,122772,122774,122819],[10,121136,3031,121138,3035],{"id":121137},"python-str-function-explained",[18,121139,47202],{},[14,121141,31825,121142,121144],{},[18,121143,47202],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[14,121146,121147,121148,121150],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[18,121149,47202],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[42,121152,45],{"id":44},[47,121154,121156],{"className":49,"code":121155,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121157,121158,121166,121180,121184,121194],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121159,121160,121162,121164],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121161,21131],{"class":284},[56,121163,288],{"class":75},[56,121165,44743],{"class":79},[56,121167,121168,121170,121172,121174,121176,121178],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,121169,34197],{"class":284},[56,121171,288],{"class":75},[56,121173,48423],{"class":989},[56,121175,67],{"class":66},[56,121177,8787],{"class":237},[56,121179,241],{"class":66},[56,121181,121182],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,121183,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,121185,121186,121188,121190,121192],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,121187,63],{"class":62},[56,121189,67],{"class":66},[56,121191,34218],{"class":237},[56,121193,241],{"class":66},[56,121195,121196,121198,121200,121202,121204,121206],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,121197,63],{"class":62},[56,121199,67],{"class":66},[56,121201,1314],{"class":989},[56,121203,67],{"class":66},[56,121205,34218],{"class":237},[56,121207,83],{"class":66},[14,121209,121210],{},[3205,121211,130],{},[47,121213,121215],{"className":49,"code":121214,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121216,121217,121221],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121218,121219],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121220,790],{"class":79},[56,121222,121223,121225,121227,121229,121231,121233],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,121224,1383],{"class":75},[56,121226,1386],{"class":124},[56,121228,1389],{"class":937},[56,121230,1540],{"class":941},[56,121232,1394],{"class":937},[56,121234,1397],{"class":75},[14,121236,153,121237,121239],{},[18,121238,47202],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[42,121241,3138,121243,3141],{"id":121242},"what-str-does",[18,121244,47202],{},[14,121246,121247,121249],{},[18,121248,47202],{}," converts a value into a string.",[14,121251,168],{},[26,121253,121254,121261,121268,121275],{},[29,121255,121256,121257,41671,121259],{},"An integer like ",[18,121258,406],{},[18,121260,41642],{},[29,121262,121263,121264,41671,121266],{},"A float like ",[18,121265,39658],{},[18,121267,47613],{},[29,121269,121270,121271,41671,121273],{},"A boolean like ",[18,121272,3060],{},[18,121274,6120],{},[29,121276,121277,121278,41671,121280],{},"A list like ",[18,121279,74770],{},[18,121281,121282],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[14,121284,121285],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[26,121287,121288,121291,121294,121297],{},[29,121289,121290],{},"print it",[29,121292,121293],{},"combine it with other strings",[29,121295,121296],{},"save it to a file",[29,121298,121299],{},"use it in messages",[42,121301,220],{"id":219},[14,121303,6698],{},[47,121305,121307],{"className":49,"code":121306,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"str(object)\n",[18,121308,121309],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121310,121311,121313,121315,121317],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121312,1540],{"class":989},[56,121314,67],{"class":66},[56,121316,41915],{"class":989},[56,121318,241],{"class":66},[14,121320,20273,121321,121323],{},[18,121322,41915],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[14,121325,121326,7709],{},[18,121327,47202],{},[14,121329,121330],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[47,121332,121334],{"className":49,"code":121333,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,121335,121336,121345,121368,121372],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121337,121338,121340,121342],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121339,4568],{"class":284},[56,121341,288],{"class":75},[56,121343,121344],{"class":79}," 100\n",[56,121346,121347,121349,121351,121353,121356,121358,121360,121362,121364,121366],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,121348,89531],{"class":284},[56,121350,288],{"class":75},[56,121352,1448],{"class":937},[56,121354,121355],{"class":941},"Your score is ",[56,121357,938],{"class":937},[56,121359,532],{"class":75},[56,121361,48423],{"class":989},[56,121363,67],{"class":66},[56,121365,85044],{"class":237},[56,121367,241],{"class":66},[56,121369,121370],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,121371,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,121373,121374,121376,121378,121380],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,121375,63],{"class":62},[56,121377,67],{"class":66},[56,121379,89548],{"class":237},[56,121381,241],{"class":66},[14,121383,121384],{},[3205,121385,130],{},[47,121387,121389],{"className":49,"code":121388,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Your score is 100\n",[18,121390,121391],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121392,121393,121396,121398],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121394,121395],{"class":284},"Your score ",[56,121397,11688],{"class":75},[56,121399,121344],{"class":79},[14,121401,370,121402,121406],{},[372,121403,121404,378],{"href":374},[18,121405,377],{}," can help you check.",[42,121408,121410],{"id":121409},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[615,121412,121414],{"id":121413},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[47,121416,121418],{"className":49,"code":121417,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121419,121420,121428,121442,121446,121456],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121421,121422,121424,121426],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121423,285],{"class":284},[56,121425,288],{"class":75},[56,121427,668],{"class":79},[56,121429,121430,121432,121434,121436,121438,121440],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,121431,34197],{"class":284},[56,121433,288],{"class":75},[56,121435,48423],{"class":989},[56,121437,67],{"class":66},[56,121439,309],{"class":237},[56,121441,241],{"class":66},[56,121443,121444],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,121445,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,121447,121448,121450,121452,121454],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,121449,63],{"class":62},[56,121451,67],{"class":66},[56,121453,34218],{"class":237},[56,121455,241],{"class":66},[56,121457,121458,121460,121462,121464,121466,121468],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,121459,63],{"class":62},[56,121461,67],{"class":66},[56,121463,1314],{"class":989},[56,121465,67],{"class":66},[56,121467,34218],{"class":237},[56,121469,83],{"class":66},[14,121471,121472],{},[3205,121473,130],{},[47,121475,121477],{"className":49,"code":121476,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121478,121479,121483],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121480,121481],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121482,452],{"class":79},[56,121484,121485,121487,121489,121491,121493,121495],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,121486,1383],{"class":75},[56,121488,1386],{"class":124},[56,121490,1389],{"class":937},[56,121492,1540],{"class":941},[56,121494,1394],{"class":937},[56,121496,1397],{"class":75},[615,121498,121500],{"id":121499},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[47,121502,121504],{"className":49,"code":121503,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121505,121506,121515,121529,121533,121543],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121507,121508,121510,121512],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121509,39902],{"class":284},[56,121511,288],{"class":75},[56,121513,121514],{"class":79}," 3.14\n",[56,121516,121517,121519,121521,121523,121525,121527],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,121518,34197],{"class":284},[56,121520,288],{"class":75},[56,121522,48423],{"class":989},[56,121524,67],{"class":66},[56,121526,24654],{"class":237},[56,121528,241],{"class":66},[56,121530,121531],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,121532,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,121534,121535,121537,121539,121541],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,121536,63],{"class":62},[56,121538,67],{"class":66},[56,121540,34218],{"class":237},[56,121542,241],{"class":66},[56,121544,121545,121547,121549,121551,121553,121555],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,121546,63],{"class":62},[56,121548,67],{"class":66},[56,121550,1314],{"class":989},[56,121552,67],{"class":66},[56,121554,34218],{"class":237},[56,121556,83],{"class":66},[14,121558,121559],{},[3205,121560,130],{},[47,121562,121564],{"className":49,"code":121563,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121565,121566,121570],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121567,121568],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121569,39692],{"class":79},[56,121571,121572,121574,121576,121578,121580,121582],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,121573,1383],{"class":75},[56,121575,1386],{"class":124},[56,121577,1389],{"class":937},[56,121579,1540],{"class":941},[56,121581,1394],{"class":937},[56,121583,1397],{"class":75},[615,121585,121587],{"id":121586},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[47,121589,121591],{"className":49,"code":121590,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121592,121593,121601,121615,121619,121629],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121594,121595,121597,121599],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121596,524],{"class":284},[56,121598,288],{"class":75},[56,121600,5901],{"class":3316},[56,121602,121603,121605,121607,121609,121611,121613],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,121604,34197],{"class":284},[56,121606,288],{"class":75},[56,121608,48423],{"class":989},[56,121610,67],{"class":66},[56,121612,551],{"class":237},[56,121614,241],{"class":66},[56,121616,121617],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,121618,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,121620,121621,121623,121625,121627],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,121622,63],{"class":62},[56,121624,67],{"class":66},[56,121626,34218],{"class":237},[56,121628,241],{"class":66},[56,121630,121631,121633,121635,121637,121639,121641],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,121632,63],{"class":62},[56,121634,67],{"class":66},[56,121636,1314],{"class":989},[56,121638,67],{"class":66},[56,121640,34218],{"class":237},[56,121642,83],{"class":66},[14,121644,121645],{},[3205,121646,130],{},[47,121648,121650],{"className":49,"code":121649,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121651,121652,121656],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121653,121654],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121655,3446],{"class":3316},[56,121657,121658,121660,121662,121664,121666,121668],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,121659,1383],{"class":75},[56,121661,1386],{"class":124},[56,121663,1389],{"class":937},[56,121665,1540],{"class":941},[56,121667,1394],{"class":937},[56,121669,1397],{"class":75},[615,121671,121673],{"id":121672},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[47,121675,121677],{"className":49,"code":121676,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,121678,121679,121699,121713,121717,121727],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121680,121681,121683,121685,121687,121689,121691,121693,121695,121697],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121682,7261],{"class":284},[56,121684,288],{"class":75},[56,121686,3080],{"class":66},[56,121688,1077],{"class":79},[56,121690,1080],{"class":66},[56,121692,1083],{"class":79},[56,121694,1080],{"class":66},[56,121696,529],{"class":79},[56,121698,3093],{"class":66},[56,121700,121701,121703,121705,121707,121709,121711],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,121702,34197],{"class":284},[56,121704,288],{"class":75},[56,121706,48423],{"class":989},[56,121708,67],{"class":66},[56,121710,7292],{"class":237},[56,121712,241],{"class":66},[56,121714,121715],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,121716,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,121718,121719,121721,121723,121725],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,121720,63],{"class":62},[56,121722,67],{"class":66},[56,121724,34218],{"class":237},[56,121726,241],{"class":66},[56,121728,121729,121731,121733,121735,121737,121739],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,121730,63],{"class":62},[56,121732,67],{"class":66},[56,121734,1314],{"class":989},[56,121736,67],{"class":66},[56,121738,34218],{"class":237},[56,121740,83],{"class":66},[14,121742,121743],{},[3205,121744,130],{},[47,121746,121748],{"className":49,"code":121747,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,121749,121750,121766],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121751,121752,121754,121756,121758,121760,121762,121764],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121753,3366],{"class":66},[56,121755,1077],{"class":79},[56,121757,1080],{"class":66},[56,121759,1083],{"class":79},[56,121761,1080],{"class":66},[56,121763,529],{"class":79},[56,121765,3093],{"class":66},[56,121767,121768,121770,121772,121774,121776,121778],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,121769,1383],{"class":75},[56,121771,1386],{"class":124},[56,121773,1389],{"class":937},[56,121775,1540],{"class":941},[56,121777,1394],{"class":937},[56,121779,1397],{"class":75},[14,121781,121782,121783,121785],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[3205,121784,4101],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[42,121787,4433,121789],{"id":121788},"when-to-use-str",[18,121790,47202],{},[14,121792,153,121793,121795],{},[18,121794,47202],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[14,121797,35938],{},[26,121799,121800,121803,121806,121809],{},[29,121801,121802],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[29,121804,121805],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[29,121807,121808],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[29,121810,121811],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[14,121813,274],{},[47,121815,121817],{"className":49,"code":121816,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[18,121818,121819,121831,121839,121843,121878],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121820,121821,121823,121825,121827,121829],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121822,7359],{"class":284},[56,121824,288],{"class":75},[56,121826,1448],{"class":937},[56,121828,11002],{"class":941},[56,121830,1454],{"class":937},[56,121832,121833,121835,121837],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,121834,21131],{"class":284},[56,121836,288],{"class":75},[56,121838,44743],{"class":79},[56,121840,121841],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,121842,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,121844,121845,121847,121849,121851,121853,121855,121857,121859,121861,121863,121865,121867,121869,121871,121873,121876],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,121846,89531],{"class":284},[56,121848,288],{"class":75},[56,121850,35480],{"class":284},[56,121852,118],{"class":75},[56,121854,1448],{"class":937},[56,121856,4255],{"class":941},[56,121858,938],{"class":937},[56,121860,532],{"class":75},[56,121862,48423],{"class":989},[56,121864,67],{"class":66},[56,121866,8787],{"class":237},[56,121868,3120],{"class":66},[56,121870,532],{"class":75},[56,121872,1448],{"class":937},[56,121874,121875],{"class":941}," years old.",[56,121877,1454],{"class":937},[56,121879,121880,121882,121884,121886],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,121881,63],{"class":62},[56,121883,67],{"class":66},[56,121885,89548],{"class":237},[56,121887,241],{"class":66},[14,121889,121890],{},[3205,121891,130],{},[47,121893,121895],{"className":49,"code":121894,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[18,121896,121897],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121898,121899,121902,121904,121906,121909],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121900,121901],{"class":284},"Maya ",[56,121903,11688],{"class":75},[56,121905,8794],{"class":79},[56,121907,121908],{"class":284}," years old",[56,121910,121911],{"class":66},".\n",[14,121913,121914,121915,497],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[372,121916,89217],{"href":89216},[42,121918,121920,10075,121922],{"id":121919},"str-vs-print",[18,121921,47202],{},[18,121923,45970],{},[14,121925,121926],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[26,121928,121929,121934],{},[29,121930,121931,121933],{},[18,121932,47202],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[29,121935,121936,121938],{},[18,121937,45970],{}," displays output on the screen",[14,121940,274],{},[47,121942,121944],{"className":49,"code":121943,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,121945,121946,121954,121958,121972,121982,121996],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,121947,121948,121950,121952],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,121949,524],{"class":284},[56,121951,288],{"class":75},[56,121953,850],{"class":79},[56,121955,121956],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,121957,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,121959,121960,121962,121964,121966,121968,121970],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,121961,34197],{"class":284},[56,121963,288],{"class":75},[56,121965,48423],{"class":989},[56,121967,67],{"class":66},[56,121969,551],{"class":237},[56,121971,241],{"class":66},[56,121973,121974,121976,121978,121980],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,121975,63],{"class":62},[56,121977,67],{"class":66},[56,121979,34218],{"class":237},[56,121981,241],{"class":66},[56,121983,121984,121986,121988,121990,121992,121994],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,121985,63],{"class":62},[56,121987,67],{"class":66},[56,121989,1314],{"class":989},[56,121991,67],{"class":66},[56,121993,34218],{"class":237},[56,121995,83],{"class":66},[56,121997,121998,122000,122002,122004,122006,122008],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,121999,63],{"class":62},[56,122001,67],{"class":66},[56,122003,1314],{"class":989},[56,122005,67],{"class":66},[56,122007,551],{"class":237},[56,122009,83],{"class":66},[14,122011,122012],{},[3205,122013,130],{},[47,122015,122017],{"className":49,"code":122016,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,122018,122019,122023,122037],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122020,122021],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122022,46130],{"class":79},[56,122024,122025,122027,122029,122031,122033,122035],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,122026,1383],{"class":75},[56,122028,1386],{"class":124},[56,122030,1389],{"class":937},[56,122032,1540],{"class":941},[56,122034,1394],{"class":937},[56,122036,1397],{"class":75},[56,122038,122039,122041,122043,122045,122047,122049],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,122040,1383],{"class":75},[56,122042,1386],{"class":124},[56,122044,1389],{"class":937},[56,122046,254],{"class":941},[56,122048,1394],{"class":937},[56,122050,1397],{"class":75},[14,122052,122053],{},"Notice:",[26,122055,122056,122062,122067],{},[29,122057,122058,122061],{},[18,122059,122060],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[29,122063,122064,122066],{},[18,122065,45970],{}," only displayed values",[29,122068,122069,122071,122072,122074,122075,60824,122077],{},[18,122070,45970],{}," did not change ",[18,122073,551],{}," from ",[18,122076,254],{},[18,122078,1540],{},[14,122080,122081,122082,497],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[372,122083,122084,378],{"href":45967},[18,122085,45970],{},[42,122087,122089,10075,122091,122094],{"id":122088},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[18,122090,47202],{},[18,122092,122093],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[14,122096,122097],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[26,122099,122100,122105],{},[29,122101,122102,122104],{},[18,122103,47202],{}," is the more readable text version",[29,122106,122107,122109],{},[18,122108,122093],{}," is more developer-focused",[14,122111,122112,122113,122115],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[18,122114,47202],{}," much more often.",[14,122117,122118,122119,122121],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[18,122120,47202],{}," is usually the right choice.",[42,122123,3988],{"id":3987},[615,122125,25279,122127,122129],{"id":122126},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[18,122128,47202],{}," changes the original variable",[14,122131,122132,122134],{},[18,122133,47202],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[47,122136,122138],{"className":49,"code":122137,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,122139,122140,122148,122162,122166,122176,122190,122200],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122141,122142,122144,122146],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122143,21131],{"class":284},[56,122145,288],{"class":75},[56,122147,44743],{"class":79},[56,122149,122150,122152,122154,122156,122158,122160],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,122151,34197],{"class":284},[56,122153,288],{"class":75},[56,122155,48423],{"class":989},[56,122157,67],{"class":66},[56,122159,8787],{"class":237},[56,122161,241],{"class":66},[56,122163,122164],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,122165,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,122167,122168,122170,122172,122174],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,122169,63],{"class":62},[56,122171,67],{"class":66},[56,122173,8787],{"class":237},[56,122175,241],{"class":66},[56,122177,122178,122180,122182,122184,122186,122188],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,122179,63],{"class":62},[56,122181,67],{"class":66},[56,122183,1314],{"class":989},[56,122185,67],{"class":66},[56,122187,8787],{"class":237},[56,122189,83],{"class":66},[56,122191,122192,122194,122196,122198],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,122193,63],{"class":62},[56,122195,67],{"class":66},[56,122197,34218],{"class":237},[56,122199,241],{"class":66},[56,122201,122202,122204,122206,122208,122210,122212],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,122203,63],{"class":62},[56,122205,67],{"class":66},[56,122207,1314],{"class":989},[56,122209,67],{"class":66},[56,122211,34218],{"class":237},[56,122213,83],{"class":66},[14,122215,122216],{},[3205,122217,130],{},[47,122219,122221],{"className":49,"code":122220,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122222,122223,122227,122241,122245],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122224,122225],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122226,790],{"class":79},[56,122228,122229,122231,122233,122235,122237,122239],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,122230,1383],{"class":75},[56,122232,1386],{"class":124},[56,122234,1389],{"class":937},[56,122236,254],{"class":941},[56,122238,1394],{"class":937},[56,122240,1397],{"class":75},[56,122242,122243],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,122244,790],{"class":79},[56,122246,122247,122249,122251,122253,122255,122257],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,122248,1383],{"class":75},[56,122250,1386],{"class":124},[56,122252,1389],{"class":937},[56,122254,1540],{"class":941},[56,122256,1394],{"class":937},[56,122258,1397],{"class":75},[615,122260,122262],{"id":122261},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[14,122264,6167],{},[47,122266,122268],{"className":49,"code":122267,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[18,122269,122270,122278],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122271,122272,122274,122276],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122273,21131],{"class":284},[56,122275,288],{"class":75},[56,122277,44743],{"class":79},[56,122279,122280,122282,122284,122286,122288,122290],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,122281,34197],{"class":284},[56,122283,288],{"class":75},[56,122285,48423],{"class":989},[56,122287,67],{"class":66},[56,122289,8787],{"class":237},[56,122291,241],{"class":66},[14,122293,122294],{},"But if you only do this:",[47,122296,122298],{"className":49,"code":122297,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[18,122299,122300,122308],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122301,122302,122304,122306],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122303,21131],{"class":284},[56,122305,288],{"class":75},[56,122307,44743],{"class":79},[56,122309,122310,122312,122314,122316],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,122311,1540],{"class":989},[56,122313,67],{"class":66},[56,122315,8787],{"class":237},[56,122317,241],{"class":66},[14,122319,122320],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[615,122322,7902,122324,122326],{"id":122323},"using-str-too-early",[18,122325,47202],{}," too early",[14,122328,122329],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[47,122331,122333],{"className":49,"code":122332,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[18,122334,122335,122343,122358,122362],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122336,122337,122339,122341],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122338,39902],{"class":284},[56,122340,288],{"class":75},[56,122342,668],{"class":79},[56,122344,122345,122348,122350,122352,122354,122356],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,122346,122347],{"class":284},"text_price ",[56,122349,288],{"class":75},[56,122351,48423],{"class":989},[56,122353,67],{"class":66},[56,122355,24654],{"class":237},[56,122357,241],{"class":66},[56,122359,122360],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,122361,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,122363,122364],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,122365,122366],{"class":3123},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[14,122368,122369,122370,964,122374,122378],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[372,122371,122372],{"href":960},[18,122373,963],{},[372,122375,122376],{"href":967},[18,122377,970],{},", depending on the situation.",[615,122380,7938,122382,122385],{"id":122381},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[18,122383,122384],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[14,122387,64167],{},[47,122389,122391],{"className":49,"code":122390,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[18,122392,122393,122425],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122394,122395,122397,122399,122401,122403,122405,122407,122409,122411,122413,122415,122417,122419,122421,122423],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122396,7261],{"class":284},[56,122398,288],{"class":75},[56,122400,3080],{"class":66},[56,122402,938],{"class":937},[56,122404,3546],{"class":941},[56,122406,938],{"class":937},[56,122408,1080],{"class":66},[56,122410,1448],{"class":937},[56,122412,3555],{"class":941},[56,122414,938],{"class":937},[56,122416,1080],{"class":66},[56,122418,1448],{"class":937},[56,122420,32729],{"class":941},[56,122422,938],{"class":937},[56,122424,3093],{"class":66},[56,122426,122427,122429,122431,122433,122435,122437],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,122428,63],{"class":62},[56,122430,67],{"class":66},[56,122432,1540],{"class":989},[56,122434,67],{"class":66},[56,122436,7292],{"class":237},[56,122438,83],{"class":66},[14,122440,122441],{},"prints:",[47,122443,122444],{"className":49,"code":72360,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,122445,122446],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122447,122448,122450,122452,122454,122456,122458,122460,122462,122464,122466,122468,122470,122472],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122449,3366],{"class":66},[56,122451,1394],{"class":937},[56,122453,3546],{"class":941},[56,122455,1394],{"class":937},[56,122457,1080],{"class":66},[56,122459,1389],{"class":937},[56,122461,3555],{"class":941},[56,122463,1394],{"class":937},[56,122465,1080],{"class":66},[56,122467,1389],{"class":937},[56,122469,32729],{"class":941},[56,122471,1394],{"class":937},[56,122473,3093],{"class":66},[14,122475,122476],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[42,122478,16919],{"id":16918},[14,122480,122481,21478,122483,497],{},[18,122482,47202],{},[3205,122484,122485],{},"new string",[14,122487,10951],{},[26,122489,122490,122493,122496],{},[29,122491,122492],{},"It always returns a string",[29,122494,122495],{},"It does not modify the original object",[29,122497,7244,122498,122502],{},[372,122499,122500],{"href":374},[18,122501,377],{}," to confirm the result",[14,122504,274],{},[47,122506,122508],{"className":49,"code":122507,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,122509,122510,122518,122533,122537,122548],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122511,122512,122514,122516],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122513,524],{"class":284},[56,122515,288],{"class":75},[56,122517,13628],{"class":79},[56,122519,122520,122523,122525,122527,122529,122531],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,122521,122522],{"class":284},"converted ",[56,122524,288],{"class":75},[56,122526,48423],{"class":989},[56,122528,67],{"class":66},[56,122530,551],{"class":237},[56,122532,241],{"class":66},[56,122534,122535],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,122536,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,122538,122539,122541,122543,122546],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,122540,63],{"class":62},[56,122542,67],{"class":66},[56,122544,122545],{"class":237},"converted",[56,122547,241],{"class":66},[56,122549,122550,122552,122554,122556,122558,122560],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,122551,63],{"class":62},[56,122553,67],{"class":66},[56,122555,1314],{"class":989},[56,122557,67],{"class":66},[56,122559,122545],{"class":237},[56,122561,83],{"class":66},[14,122563,122564],{},[3205,122565,130],{},[47,122567,122569],{"className":49,"code":122568,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,122570,122571,122576],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122572,122573],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122574,122575],{"class":79},"99\n",[56,122577,122578,122580,122582,122584,122586,122588],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,122579,1383],{"class":75},[56,122581,1386],{"class":124},[56,122583,1389],{"class":937},[56,122585,1540],{"class":941},[56,122587,1394],{"class":937},[56,122589,1397],{"class":75},[42,122591,113251],{"id":113250},[14,122593,122594,122595,74339],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[18,122596,47202],{},[26,122598,122599,122602,122605,122610],{},[29,122600,122601],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[29,122603,122604],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[29,122606,7902,122607,122609],{},[18,122608,47202],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[29,122611,122612],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[14,122614,122615,122616,497],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[372,122617,25184,122618],{"href":89929},[18,122619,89930],{},[42,122621,122623],{"id":122622},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[14,122625,122626],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[47,122628,122630],{"className":49,"code":122629,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,122631,122632,122640,122644,122654,122668,122672,122686,122696],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122633,122634,122636,122638],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122635,524],{"class":284},[56,122637,288],{"class":75},[56,122639,44743],{"class":79},[56,122641,122642],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,122643,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,122645,122646,122648,122650,122652],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,122647,63],{"class":62},[56,122649,67],{"class":66},[56,122651,551],{"class":237},[56,122653,241],{"class":66},[56,122655,122656,122658,122660,122662,122664,122666],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,122657,63],{"class":62},[56,122659,67],{"class":66},[56,122661,1314],{"class":989},[56,122663,67],{"class":66},[56,122665,551],{"class":237},[56,122667,83],{"class":66},[56,122669,122670],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,122671,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,122673,122674,122676,122678,122680,122682,122684],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,122675,122522],{"class":284},[56,122677,288],{"class":75},[56,122679,48423],{"class":989},[56,122681,67],{"class":66},[56,122683,551],{"class":237},[56,122685,241],{"class":66},[56,122687,122688,122690,122692,122694],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,122689,63],{"class":62},[56,122691,67],{"class":66},[56,122693,122545],{"class":237},[56,122695,241],{"class":66},[56,122697,122698,122700,122702,122704,122706,122708],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,122699,63],{"class":62},[56,122701,67],{"class":66},[56,122703,1314],{"class":989},[56,122705,67],{"class":66},[56,122707,122545],{"class":237},[56,122709,83],{"class":66},[14,122711,122712,122713,255,122715,122717,122718,497],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[18,122714,254],{},[18,122716,258],{},", or another type into ",[18,122719,1540],{},[42,122721,1553],{"id":1552},[615,122723,4615,122725,4618],{"id":122724},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[18,122726,47202],{},[14,122728,122729],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[615,122731,12199,122733,122735],{"id":122732},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[18,122734,47202],{}," change the original variable?",[14,122737,122738],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[615,122740,4643,122742,122744],{"id":122741},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[18,122743,47202],{}," convert numbers to text?",[14,122746,122747],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[615,122749,94115,122751,122753],{"id":122750},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[18,122752,47202],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[14,122755,122756],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[615,122758,14401,122760,56727,122762,571],{"id":122759},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[18,122761,47202],{},[18,122763,45970],{},[14,122765,45883,122766,122768,122769,122771],{},[18,122767,47202],{}," converts to text. ",[18,122770,45970],{}," shows output.",[42,122773,1601],{"id":1600},[26,122775,122776,122782,122788,122794,122800,122809,122813],{},[29,122777,122778],{},[372,122779,122780,1610],{"href":45967},[18,122781,45970],{},[29,122783,122784],{},[372,122785,122786,1610],{"href":374},[18,122787,377],{},[29,122789,122790],{},[372,122791,122792,1610],{"href":960},[18,122793,963],{},[29,122795,122796],{},[372,122797,122798,1610],{"href":967},[18,122799,970],{},[29,122801,122802],{},[372,122803,122805,122806,122808],{"href":122804},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[18,122807,254],{}," to string in Python",[29,122810,122811],{},[372,122812,90207],{"href":89216},[29,122814,122815],{},[372,122816,29854,122817],{"href":89929},[18,122818,89930],{},[1633,122820,122821],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":122823},[122824,122825,122827,122828,122834,122836,122838,122840,122849,122850,122851,122852,122864],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":121242,"depth":86,"text":122826},"What str() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":121409,"depth":86,"text":121410,"children":122829},[122830,122831,122832,122833],{"id":121413,"depth":102,"text":121414},{"id":121499,"depth":102,"text":121500},{"id":121586,"depth":102,"text":121587},{"id":121672,"depth":102,"text":121673},{"id":121788,"depth":86,"text":122835},"When to use str()",{"id":121919,"depth":86,"text":122837},"str() vs print()",{"id":122088,"depth":86,"text":122839},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":3987,"depth":86,"text":3988,"children":122841},[122842,122844,122845,122847],{"id":122126,"depth":102,"text":122843},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122261,"depth":102,"text":122262},{"id":122323,"depth":102,"text":122846},"Using str() too early",{"id":122381,"depth":102,"text":122848},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":16918,"depth":86,"text":16919},{"id":113250,"depth":86,"text":113251},{"id":122622,"depth":86,"text":122623},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":122853},[122854,122856,122858,122860,122862],{"id":122724,"depth":102,"text":122855},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122732,"depth":102,"text":122857},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122741,"depth":102,"text":122859},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122750,"depth":102,"text":122861},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122759,"depth":102,"text":122863},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41692,"description":122865},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":122872,"title":122873,"body":122874,"description":124327,"extension":1665,"meta":124328,"navigation":316,"path":124329,"seo":124330,"stem":124331,"__hash__":124332},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":122875,"toc":124289},[122876,122882,122888,122891,122913,122915,122977,122979,122992,122998,123003,123008,123010,123023,123034,123036,123063,123065,123082,123089,123100,123102,123107,123109,123121,123129,123138,123140,123143,123196,123198,123206,123214,123218,123223,123263,123265,123273,123276,123278,123318,123320,123328,123338,123344,123347,123420,123422,123435,123439,123444,123472,123475,123510,123512,123520,123523,123527,123531,123533,123549,123551,123591,123593,123601,123610,123653,123655,123663,123665,123669,123675,123678,123718,123720,123728,123733,123736,123779,123783,123786,123821,123826,123828,123867,123877,123885,123895,123903,123907,123912,123914,123955,123957,123965,123970,123973,123976,123994,124000,124004,124009,124012,124052,124054,124059,124158,124161,124177,124179,124198,124200,124207,124210,124216,124219,124225,124229,124235,124238,124244,124247,124249,124286],[10,122877,122879,122880,10814],{"id":122878},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[18,122881,56812],{},[14,122883,122884,122885,122887],{},"The Python string ",[18,122886,56812],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[14,122889,122890],{},"This reference page explains:",[26,122892,122893,122897,122900,122902,122910],{},[29,122894,25524,122895,3141],{},[18,122896,56812],{},[29,122898,122899],{},"its syntax",[29,122901,34905],{},[29,122903,122904,122905,3862,122907,122909],{},"how ",[18,122906,35584],{},[18,122908,52181],{}," work",[29,122911,122912],{},"common beginner mistakes",[42,122914,45],{"id":44},[47,122916,122918],{"className":49,"code":122917,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[18,122919,122920,122932,122954],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122921,122922,122924,122926,122928,122930],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122923,34197],{"class":284},[56,122925,288],{"class":75},[56,122927,1448],{"class":937},[56,122929,3555],{"class":941},[56,122931,1454],{"class":937},[56,122933,122934,122936,122938,122940,122942,122944,122946,122948,122950,122952],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,122935,63],{"class":62},[56,122937,67],{"class":66},[56,122939,34218],{"class":237},[56,122941,497],{"class":66},[56,122943,40775],{"class":237},[56,122945,67],{"class":66},[56,122947,938],{"class":937},[56,122949,372],{"class":941},[56,122951,938],{"class":937},[56,122953,83],{"class":66},[56,122955,122956,122958,122960,122962,122964,122966,122968,122970,122973,122975],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,122957,63],{"class":62},[56,122959,67],{"class":66},[56,122961,34218],{"class":237},[56,122963,497],{"class":66},[56,122965,40775],{"class":237},[56,122967,67],{"class":66},[56,122969,938],{"class":937},[56,122971,122972],{"class":941},"na",[56,122974,938],{"class":937},[56,122976,83],{"class":66},[14,122978,130],{},[47,122980,122982],{"className":49,"code":122981,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"3\n2\n",[18,122983,122984,122988],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,122985,122986],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,122987,46135],{"class":79},[56,122989,122990],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,122991,16556],{"class":79},[14,122993,153,122994,122997],{},[18,122995,122996],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[42,122999,12492,123001,12495],{"id":123000},"what-the-count-method-does",[18,123002,56812],{},[14,123004,123005,123007],{},[18,123006,56812],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[14,123009,12548],{},[26,123011,123012,123015,123018,123020],{},[29,123013,123014],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[29,123016,123017],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[29,123019,43175],{},[29,123021,123022],{},"It does not change the original string",[14,123024,123025,123026,123028,123029,255,123031,123033],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[18,123027,17597],{}," characters are in ",[18,123030,64798],{},[18,123032,56812],{}," is a simple choice.",[42,123035,220],{"id":219},[47,123037,123039],{"className":49,"code":123038,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[18,123040,123041],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123042,123043,123045,123047,123049,123051,123053,123055,123057,123059,123061],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123044,60697],{"class":284},[56,123046,497],{"class":66},[56,123048,40775],{"class":237},[56,123050,67],{"class":66},[56,123052,551],{"class":237},[56,123054,1080],{"class":66},[56,123056,35563],{"class":237},[56,123058,1080],{"class":66},[56,123060,64564],{"class":237},[56,123062,241],{"class":66},[615,123064,16895],{"id":16894},[26,123066,123067,123072,123077],{},[29,123068,123069,123071],{},[18,123070,551],{},": the text to search for",[29,123073,123074,123076],{},[18,123075,35584],{},": optional; where counting begins",[29,123078,123079,123081],{},[18,123080,52181],{},": optional; where counting stops",[14,123083,123084,3862,123086,123088],{},[18,123085,35584],{},[18,123087,52181],{}," work like slice positions:",[26,123090,123091,123096],{},[29,123092,123093,123095],{},[18,123094,35584],{}," is included",[29,123097,123098,75265],{},[18,123099,52181],{},[42,123101,16919],{"id":16918},[14,123103,123104,123106],{},[18,123105,56812],{}," returns a whole number.",[14,123108,187],{},[26,123110,123111,123116],{},[29,123112,123113,123114],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[18,123115,121],{},[29,123117,123118,123119],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[18,123120,181],{},[14,123122,40421,123123,4634,123125,964,123127,497],{},[3205,123124,4101],{},[18,123126,3060],{},[18,123128,3134],{},[14,123130,123131,123132,123137],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[372,123133,123135,101125],{"href":123134},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[18,123136,3348],{}," is often a better fit.",[42,123139,10968],{"id":10967},[14,123141,123142],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[47,123144,123146],{"className":49,"code":123145,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,123147,123148,123160,123182,123186],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123149,123150,123152,123154,123156,123158],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123151,34197],{"class":284},[56,123153,288],{"class":75},[56,123155,1448],{"class":937},[56,123157,3546],{"class":941},[56,123159,1454],{"class":937},[56,123161,123162,123164,123166,123168,123170,123172,123174,123176,123178,123180],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,123163,299],{"class":284},[56,123165,288],{"class":75},[56,123167,42358],{"class":284},[56,123169,497],{"class":66},[56,123171,40775],{"class":237},[56,123173,67],{"class":66},[56,123175,938],{"class":937},[56,123177,14],{"class":941},[56,123179,938],{"class":937},[56,123181,241],{"class":66},[56,123183,123184],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,123185,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,123187,123188,123190,123192,123194],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,123189,63],{"class":62},[56,123191,67],{"class":66},[56,123193,338],{"class":237},[56,123195,241],{"class":66},[14,123197,130],{},[47,123199,123200],{"className":49,"code":16556,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,123201,123202],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123203,123204],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123205,16556],{"class":79},[14,123207,63343,123208,123211,123212,497],{},[18,123209,123210],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[18,123213,57355],{},[42,123215,123217],{"id":123216},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[14,123219,123220,123222],{},[18,123221,56812],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[47,123224,123226],{"className":49,"code":123225,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[18,123227,123228,123241],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123229,123230,123232,123234,123236,123239],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123231,34197],{"class":284},[56,123233,288],{"class":75},[56,123235,1448],{"class":937},[56,123237,123238],{"class":941},"cat dog cat bird cat",[56,123240,1454],{"class":937},[56,123242,123243,123245,123247,123249,123251,123253,123255,123257,123259,123261],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,123244,63],{"class":62},[56,123246,67],{"class":66},[56,123248,34218],{"class":237},[56,123250,497],{"class":66},[56,123252,40775],{"class":237},[56,123254,67],{"class":66},[56,123256,938],{"class":937},[56,123258,36560],{"class":941},[56,123260,938],{"class":937},[56,123262,83],{"class":66},[14,123264,130],{},[47,123266,123267],{"className":49,"code":46135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,123268,123269],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123270,123271],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123272,46135],{"class":79},[14,123274,123275],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[14,123277,274],{},[47,123279,123281],{"className":49,"code":123280,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[18,123282,123283,123296],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123284,123285,123287,123289,123291,123294],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123286,34197],{"class":284},[56,123288,288],{"class":75},[56,123290,1448],{"class":937},[56,123292,123293],{"class":941},"one One one",[56,123295,1454],{"class":937},[56,123297,123298,123300,123302,123304,123306,123308,123310,123312,123314,123316],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,123299,63],{"class":62},[56,123301,67],{"class":66},[56,123303,34218],{"class":237},[56,123305,497],{"class":66},[56,123307,40775],{"class":237},[56,123309,67],{"class":66},[56,123311,938],{"class":937},[56,123313,6064],{"class":941},[56,123315,938],{"class":937},[56,123317,83],{"class":66},[14,123319,130],{},[47,123321,123322],{"className":49,"code":16556,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,123323,123324],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123325,123326],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123327,16556],{"class":79},[14,123329,123330,123331,123334,123335,123337],{},"The uppercase ",[18,123332,123333],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[18,123336,56812],{}," is case-sensitive.",[42,123339,7902,123340,3862,123342],{"id":64930},[18,123341,35584],{},[18,123343,52181],{},[14,123345,123346],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[47,123348,123350],{"className":49,"code":123349,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[18,123351,123352,123364,123390],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123353,123354,123356,123358,123360,123362],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123355,34197],{"class":284},[56,123357,288],{"class":75},[56,123359,1448],{"class":937},[56,123361,3555],{"class":941},[56,123363,1454],{"class":937},[56,123365,123366,123368,123370,123372,123374,123376,123378,123380,123382,123384,123386,123388],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,123367,63],{"class":62},[56,123369,67],{"class":66},[56,123371,34218],{"class":237},[56,123373,497],{"class":66},[56,123375,40775],{"class":237},[56,123377,67],{"class":66},[56,123379,938],{"class":937},[56,123381,372],{"class":941},[56,123383,938],{"class":937},[56,123385,1080],{"class":66},[56,123387,1083],{"class":79},[56,123389,83],{"class":66},[56,123391,123392,123394,123396,123398,123400,123402,123404,123406,123408,123410,123412,123414,123416,123418],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,123393,63],{"class":62},[56,123395,67],{"class":66},[56,123397,34218],{"class":237},[56,123399,497],{"class":66},[56,123401,40775],{"class":237},[56,123403,67],{"class":66},[56,123405,938],{"class":937},[56,123407,372],{"class":941},[56,123409,938],{"class":937},[56,123411,1080],{"class":66},[56,123413,1083],{"class":79},[56,123415,1080],{"class":66},[56,123417,4075],{"class":79},[56,123419,83],{"class":66},[14,123421,130],{},[47,123423,123425],{"className":49,"code":123424,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"2\n1\n",[18,123426,123427,123431],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123428,123429],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123430,16556],{"class":79},[56,123432,123433],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,123434,46435],{"class":79},[615,123436,123438],{"id":123437},"how-this-works","How this works",[14,123440,123441,123442,971],{},"In ",[18,123443,64798],{},[26,123445,123446,123454,123462],{},[29,123447,70489,123448,123450,123451],{},[18,123449,115],{}," starts at the first ",[18,123452,123453],{},"\"n\"",[29,123455,123456,123459,123460,75563],{},[18,123457,123458],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[18,123461,115],{},[29,123463,123464,123459,123467,123469,123470],{},[18,123465,123466],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[18,123468,115],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[18,123471,198],{},[14,123473,123474],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[47,123476,123478],{"className":49,"code":123477,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[18,123479,123480,123492],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123481,123482,123484,123486,123488,123490],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123483,34197],{"class":284},[56,123485,288],{"class":75},[56,123487,1448],{"class":937},[56,123489,3555],{"class":941},[56,123491,1454],{"class":937},[56,123493,123494,123496,123498,123500,123502,123504,123506,123508],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,123495,63],{"class":62},[56,123497,67],{"class":66},[56,123499,34218],{"class":237},[56,123501,3366],{"class":66},[56,123503,115],{"class":79},[56,123505,971],{"class":66},[56,123507,198],{"class":79},[56,123509,3354],{"class":66},[14,123511,130],{},[47,123513,123514],{"className":49,"code":40984,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,123515,123516],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123517,123518],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123519,40984],{"class":284},[14,123521,123522],{},"Only that section is searched.",[42,123524,123526],{"id":123525},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[14,123528,123529,123337],{},[18,123530,56812],{},[14,123532,168],{},[26,123534,123535,123543],{},[29,123536,123537,3862,123539,123542],{},[18,123538,17597],{},[18,123540,123541],{},"\"A\""," are different",[29,123544,123545,3862,123547,123542],{},[18,123546,64058],{},[18,123548,89942],{},[14,123550,274],{},[47,123552,123554],{"className":49,"code":123553,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[18,123555,123556,123569],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123557,123558,123560,123562,123564,123567],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123559,34197],{"class":284},[56,123561,288],{"class":75},[56,123563,1448],{"class":937},[56,123565,123566],{"class":941},"Apple apple APPLE",[56,123568,1454],{"class":937},[56,123570,123571,123573,123575,123577,123579,123581,123583,123585,123587,123589],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,123572,63],{"class":62},[56,123574,67],{"class":66},[56,123576,34218],{"class":237},[56,123578,497],{"class":66},[56,123580,40775],{"class":237},[56,123582,67],{"class":66},[56,123584,938],{"class":937},[56,123586,3546],{"class":941},[56,123588,938],{"class":937},[56,123590,83],{"class":66},[14,123592,130],{},[47,123594,123595],{"className":49,"code":46435,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,123596,123597],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123598,123599],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123600,46435],{"class":79},[14,123602,123603,123604,971],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[372,123605,123607],{"href":123606},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[18,123608,123609],{},"lower()",[47,123611,123613],{"className":49,"code":123612,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[18,123614,123615,123627],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123616,123617,123619,123621,123623,123625],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123618,34197],{"class":284},[56,123620,288],{"class":75},[56,123622,1448],{"class":937},[56,123624,123566],{"class":941},[56,123626,1454],{"class":937},[56,123628,123629,123631,123633,123635,123637,123639,123641,123643,123645,123647,123649,123651],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,123630,63],{"class":62},[56,123632,67],{"class":66},[56,123634,34218],{"class":237},[56,123636,497],{"class":66},[56,123638,8126],{"class":237},[56,123640,8123],{"class":66},[56,123642,40775],{"class":237},[56,123644,67],{"class":66},[56,123646,938],{"class":937},[56,123648,3546],{"class":941},[56,123650,938],{"class":937},[56,123652,83],{"class":66},[14,123654,130],{},[47,123656,123657],{"className":49,"code":46135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,123658,123659],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123660,123661],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123662,46135],{"class":79},[42,123664,912],{"id":911},[14,123666,22598,123667,497],{},[18,123668,56812],{},[615,123670,7938,123672,123674],{"id":123671},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[18,123673,56812],{}," to ignore case automatically",[14,123676,123677],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[47,123679,123681],{"className":49,"code":123680,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,123682,123683,123696],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123684,123685,123687,123689,123691,123694],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123686,34197],{"class":284},[56,123688,288],{"class":75},[56,123690,1448],{"class":937},[56,123692,123693],{"class":941},"Aardvark",[56,123695,1454],{"class":937},[56,123697,123698,123700,123702,123704,123706,123708,123710,123712,123714,123716],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,123699,63],{"class":62},[56,123701,67],{"class":66},[56,123703,34218],{"class":237},[56,123705,497],{"class":66},[56,123707,40775],{"class":237},[56,123709,67],{"class":66},[56,123711,938],{"class":937},[56,123713,372],{"class":941},[56,123715,938],{"class":937},[56,123717,83],{"class":66},[14,123719,130],{},[47,123721,123722],{"className":49,"code":16556,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,123723,123724],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123725,123726],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123727,16556],{"class":79},[14,123729,123330,123730,123732],{},[18,123731,123541],{}," at the start is not counted.",[14,123734,123735],{},"If needed, convert first:",[47,123737,123739],{"className":49,"code":123738,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[18,123740,123741,123753],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123742,123743,123745,123747,123749,123751],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123744,34197],{"class":284},[56,123746,288],{"class":75},[56,123748,1448],{"class":937},[56,123750,123693],{"class":941},[56,123752,1454],{"class":937},[56,123754,123755,123757,123759,123761,123763,123765,123767,123769,123771,123773,123775,123777],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,123756,63],{"class":62},[56,123758,67],{"class":66},[56,123760,34218],{"class":237},[56,123762,497],{"class":66},[56,123764,8126],{"class":237},[56,123766,8123],{"class":66},[56,123768,40775],{"class":237},[56,123770,67],{"class":66},[56,123772,938],{"class":937},[56,123774,372],{"class":941},[56,123776,938],{"class":937},[56,123778,83],{"class":66},[615,123780,123782],{"id":123781},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[14,123784,123785],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[47,123787,123789],{"className":49,"code":123788,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[18,123790,123791,123803],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123792,123793,123795,123797,123799,123801],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123794,34197],{"class":284},[56,123796,288],{"class":75},[56,123798,1448],{"class":937},[56,123800,3555],{"class":941},[56,123802,1454],{"class":937},[56,123804,123805,123807,123809,123811,123813,123815,123817,123819],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,123806,63],{"class":62},[56,123808,67],{"class":66},[56,123810,34218],{"class":237},[56,123812,497],{"class":66},[56,123814,40775],{"class":237},[56,123816,67],{"class":66},[56,123818,372],{"class":237},[56,123820,83],{"class":66},[14,123822,123823,123824,497],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[18,123825,372],{},[14,123827,10298],{},[47,123829,123831],{"className":49,"code":123830,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[18,123832,123833,123845],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123834,123835,123837,123839,123841,123843],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123836,34197],{"class":284},[56,123838,288],{"class":75},[56,123840,1448],{"class":937},[56,123842,3555],{"class":941},[56,123844,1454],{"class":937},[56,123846,123847,123849,123851,123853,123855,123857,123859,123861,123863,123865],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,123848,63],{"class":62},[56,123850,67],{"class":66},[56,123852,34218],{"class":237},[56,123854,497],{"class":66},[56,123856,40775],{"class":237},[56,123858,67],{"class":66},[56,123860,938],{"class":937},[56,123862,372],{"class":941},[56,123864,938],{"class":937},[56,123866,83],{"class":66},[615,123868,36717,123870,8191,123872,964,123875],{"id":123869},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[18,123871,56812],{},[18,123873,123874],{},"find()",[18,123876,58490],{},[14,123878,153,123879,123881,123882,497],{},[18,123880,56812],{}," when you need the ",[3205,123883,123884],{},"number of matches",[14,123886,153,123887,123881,123892,123894],{},[372,123888,123890],{"href":123889},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[18,123891,123874],{},[3205,123893,64470],{}," of the first match.",[14,123896,153,123897,123902],{},[372,123898,123900],{"href":123899},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[18,123901,58490],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[615,123904,123906],{"id":123905},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[14,123908,123909,123911],{},[18,123910,56812],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[14,123913,274],{},[47,123915,123917],{"className":49,"code":123916,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[18,123918,123919,123932],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123920,123921,123923,123925,123927,123930],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123922,34197],{"class":284},[56,123924,288],{"class":75},[56,123926,1448],{"class":937},[56,123928,123929],{"class":941},"aaaa",[56,123931,1454],{"class":937},[56,123933,123934,123936,123938,123940,123942,123944,123946,123948,123951,123953],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,123935,63],{"class":62},[56,123937,67],{"class":66},[56,123939,34218],{"class":237},[56,123941,497],{"class":66},[56,123943,40775],{"class":237},[56,123945,67],{"class":66},[56,123947,938],{"class":937},[56,123949,123950],{"class":941},"aa",[56,123952,938],{"class":937},[56,123954,83],{"class":66},[14,123956,130],{},[47,123958,123959],{"className":49,"code":16556,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,123960,123961],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,123962,123963],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,123964,16556],{"class":79},[14,123966,123967,123968,497],{},"It does not return ",[18,123969,121],{},[14,123971,123972],{},"Why not?",[14,123974,123975],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[26,123977,123978,123987],{},[29,123979,123980,123983,123984],{},[18,123981,123982],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[18,123985,123986],{},"0-1",[29,123988,123989,123983,123991],{},[18,123990,123982],{},[18,123992,123993],{},"2-3",[14,123995,123996,123997,497],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[18,123998,123999],{},"1-2",[42,124001,4433,124002],{"id":57895},[18,124003,56812],{},[14,124005,153,124006,124008],{},[18,124007,56812],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[14,124010,124011],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[26,124013,124014,124023,124033,124043],{},[29,124015,153,124016,124018,124019,124022],{},[18,124017,56812],{}," when you need ",[3205,124020,124021],{},"how many times"," something appears",[29,124024,153,124025,124018,124029,124032],{},[372,124026,124027],{"href":123889},[18,124028,123874],{},[3205,124030,124031],{},"where"," it appears",[29,124034,47329,124035,124039,124040],{},[372,124036,124037,101125],{"href":123134},[18,124038,3348],{}," when you only need to know ",[3205,124041,124042],{},"if it exists",[29,124044,153,124045,124051],{},[372,124046,124048],{"href":124047},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[18,124049,124050],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[42,124053,25447],{"id":25446},[14,124055,8362,124056,124058],{},[18,124057,56812],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[47,124060,124062],{"className":49,"code":124061,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[18,124063,124064,124074,124088,124110,124136],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124065,124066,124068,124070,124072],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124067,63],{"class":62},[56,124069,67],{"class":66},[56,124071,34218],{"class":237},[56,124073,241],{"class":66},[56,124075,124076,124078,124080,124082,124084,124086],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,124077,63],{"class":62},[56,124079,67],{"class":66},[56,124081,1314],{"class":989},[56,124083,67],{"class":66},[56,124085,34218],{"class":237},[56,124087,83],{"class":66},[56,124089,124090,124092,124094,124096,124098,124100,124102,124104,124106,124108],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,124091,63],{"class":62},[56,124093,67],{"class":66},[56,124095,34218],{"class":237},[56,124097,497],{"class":66},[56,124099,40775],{"class":237},[56,124101,67],{"class":66},[56,124103,938],{"class":937},[56,124105,372],{"class":941},[56,124107,938],{"class":937},[56,124109,83],{"class":66},[56,124111,124112,124114,124116,124118,124120,124122,124124,124126,124128,124130,124132,124134],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,124113,63],{"class":62},[56,124115,67],{"class":66},[56,124117,34218],{"class":237},[56,124119,497],{"class":66},[56,124121,8126],{"class":237},[56,124123,8123],{"class":66},[56,124125,40775],{"class":237},[56,124127,67],{"class":66},[56,124129,938],{"class":937},[56,124131,372],{"class":941},[56,124133,938],{"class":937},[56,124135,83],{"class":66},[56,124137,124138,124140,124142,124144,124146,124148,124150,124152,124154,124156],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,124139,63],{"class":62},[56,124141,67],{"class":66},[56,124143,34218],{"class":237},[56,124145,497],{"class":66},[56,124147,40775],{"class":237},[56,124149,67],{"class":66},[56,124151,938],{"class":937},[56,124153,122972],{"class":941},[56,124155,938],{"class":937},[56,124157,83],{"class":66},[14,124159,124160],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[26,124162,124163,124166,124171,124174],{},[29,124164,124165],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[29,124167,124168,124170],{},[18,124169,34218],{}," not being a string",[29,124172,124173],{},"counting the wrong substring",[29,124175,124176],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[14,124178,58384],{},[26,124180,124181,124184,124187,124190],{},[29,124182,124183],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[29,124185,124186],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[29,124188,124189],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[29,124191,50011,124192,44147,124194,964,124196,72835],{},[18,124193,56812],{},[18,124195,123874],{},[18,124197,3348],{},[42,124199,1553],{"id":1552},[615,124201,124203,124204,124206],{"id":124202},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[18,124205,56812],{}," change the original string?",[14,124208,124209],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[615,124211,14401,124213,124215],{"id":124212},"is-count-case-sensitive",[18,124214,56812],{}," case-sensitive?",[14,124217,124218],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[615,124220,4615,124222,124224],{"id":124221},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[18,124223,56812],{}," return if nothing is found?",[14,124226,4621,124227,497],{},[18,124228,181],{},[615,124230,4643,124232,124234],{"id":124231},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[18,124233,56812],{}," count words instead of letters?",[14,124236,124237],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[615,124239,12199,124241,124243],{"id":124240},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[18,124242,56812],{}," count overlapping matches?",[14,124245,124246],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[42,124248,1601],{"id":1600},[26,124250,124251,124258,124265,124272,124279],{},[29,124252,124253],{},[372,124254,124255],{"href":123889},[18,124256,124257],{},"Python string find() method",[29,124259,124260],{},[372,124261,124262],{"href":123899},[18,124263,124264],{},"Python string index() method",[29,124266,124267],{},[372,124268,124269],{"href":123606},[18,124270,124271],{},"Python string lower() method",[29,124273,124274],{},[372,124275,124276],{"href":123134},[18,124277,124278],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[29,124280,124281],{},[372,124282,124283],{"href":124047},[18,124284,124285],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1633,124287,124288],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":124290},[124291,124292,124294,124297,124298,124299,124300,124303,124304,124312,124313,124314,124326],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":123000,"depth":86,"text":124293},"What the count() method does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220,"children":124295},[124296],{"id":16894,"depth":102,"text":16895},{"id":16918,"depth":86,"text":16919},{"id":10967,"depth":86,"text":10968},{"id":123216,"depth":86,"text":123217},{"id":64930,"depth":86,"text":65713,"children":124301},[124302],{"id":123437,"depth":102,"text":123438},{"id":123525,"depth":86,"text":123526},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912,"children":124305},[124306,124308,124309,124311],{"id":123671,"depth":102,"text":124307},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":123781,"depth":102,"text":123782},{"id":123869,"depth":102,"text":124310},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":123905,"depth":102,"text":123906},{"id":57895,"depth":86,"text":58526},{"id":25446,"depth":86,"text":25447},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":124315},[124316,124318,124320,124322,124324],{"id":124202,"depth":102,"text":124317},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124212,"depth":102,"text":124319},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124221,"depth":102,"text":124321},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124231,"depth":102,"text":124323},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124240,"depth":102,"text":124325},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":122873,"description":124327},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124334,"title":124335,"body":124336,"description":125921,"extension":1665,"meta":125922,"navigation":316,"path":125923,"seo":125924,"stem":125925,"__hash__":125926},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124337,"toc":125894},[124338,124341,124344,124441,124450,124452,124471,124475,124478,124481,124494,124497,124526,124531,124536,124594,124596,124629,124635,124639,124642,124645,124674,124677,124704,124707,124710,124714,124717,124724,124787,124789,124807,124810,124814,124817,124820,124862,124865,124909,124912,124915,124919,124924,124927,124970,124972,124995,124998,125031,125034,125083,125093,125097,125100,125103,125132,125135,125146,125148,125207,125210,125214,125217,125220,125235,125244,125247,125281,125284,125311,125314,125321,125323,125326,125328,125331,125345,125354,125356,125383,125387,125390,125404,125407,125466,125470,125473,125500,125503,125530,125538,125541,125601,125603,125636,125640,125643,125662,125667,125716,125721,125723,125726,125785,125803,125805,125809,125817,125821,125824,125828,125834,125838,125848,125852,125855,125857,125891],[10,124339,124335],{"id":124340},"python-string-creating-a-string",[14,124342,124343],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[47,124345,124347],{"className":49,"code":124346,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[18,124348,124349,124361,124373,124382,124396,124400,124410,124420,124431],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124350,124351,124353,124355,124357,124359],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124352,7359],{"class":284},[56,124354,288],{"class":75},[56,124356,1448],{"class":937},[56,124358,4476],{"class":941},[56,124360,1454],{"class":937},[56,124362,124363,124365,124367,124369,124371],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,124364,89531],{"class":284},[56,124366,288],{"class":75},[56,124368,1389],{"class":937},[56,124370,34377],{"class":941},[56,124372,29206],{"class":937},[56,124374,124375,124378,124380],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,124376,124377],{"class":284},"empty ",[56,124379,288],{"class":75},[56,124381,7364],{"class":937},[56,124383,124384,124386,124388,124390,124392,124394],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,124385,34197],{"class":284},[56,124387,288],{"class":75},[56,124389,48423],{"class":989},[56,124391,67],{"class":66},[56,124393,49765],{"class":79},[56,124395,241],{"class":66},[56,124397,124398],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,124399,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,124401,124402,124404,124406,124408],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,124403,63],{"class":62},[56,124405,67],{"class":66},[56,124407,7149],{"class":237},[56,124409,241],{"class":66},[56,124411,124412,124414,124416,124418],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,124413,63],{"class":62},[56,124415,67],{"class":66},[56,124417,89548],{"class":237},[56,124419,241],{"class":66},[56,124421,124422,124424,124426,124429],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,124423,63],{"class":62},[56,124425,67],{"class":66},[56,124427,124428],{"class":237},"empty",[56,124430,241],{"class":66},[56,124432,124433,124435,124437,124439],{"class":58,"line":5910},[56,124434,63],{"class":62},[56,124436,67],{"class":66},[56,124438,34218],{"class":237},[56,124440,241],{"class":66},[14,124442,124443,124446,124447,124449],{},[3205,124444,124445],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[18,124448,47202],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[42,124451,14661],{"id":14660},[26,124453,124454,124457,124460,124463,124468],{},[29,124455,124456],{},"What a string is in Python",[29,124458,124459],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[29,124461,124462],{},"How to create an empty string",[29,124464,124465,124466],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[18,124467,47202],{},[29,124469,124470],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[42,124472,124474],{"id":124473},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[14,124476,124477],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[14,124479,124480],{},"Strings can contain:",[26,124482,124483,124486,124488,124491],{},[29,124484,124485],{},"Letters",[29,124487,55983],{},[29,124489,124490],{},"Spaces",[29,124492,124493],{},"Symbols",[14,124495,124496],{},"Examples of strings:",[47,124498,124500],{"className":49,"code":124499,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[18,124501,124502,124510,124518],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124503,124504,124506,124508],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124505,938],{"class":42845},[56,124507,3309],{"class":42849},[56,124509,1454],{"class":42845},[56,124511,124512,124514,124516],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,124513,938],{"class":42845},[56,124515,49765],{"class":42849},[56,124517,1454],{"class":42845},[56,124519,124520,124522,124524],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,124521,938],{"class":42845},[56,124523,88673],{"class":42849},[56,124525,1454],{"class":42845},[14,124527,20480,124528,124530],{},[18,124529,49815],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[14,124532,124533,124534,971],{},"You can check the type with ",[18,124535,377],{},[47,124537,124539],{"className":49,"code":124538,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,124540,124541,124553,124562,124566,124580],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124542,124543,124545,124547,124549,124551],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124544,34197],{"class":284},[56,124546,288],{"class":75},[56,124548,1448],{"class":937},[56,124550,49765],{"class":941},[56,124552,1454],{"class":937},[56,124554,124555,124557,124559],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,124556,285],{"class":284},[56,124558,288],{"class":75},[56,124560,124561],{"class":79}," 123\n",[56,124563,124564],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,124565,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,124567,124568,124570,124572,124574,124576,124578],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,124569,63],{"class":62},[56,124571,67],{"class":66},[56,124573,1314],{"class":989},[56,124575,67],{"class":66},[56,124577,34218],{"class":237},[56,124579,83],{"class":66},[56,124581,124582,124584,124586,124588,124590,124592],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,124583,63],{"class":62},[56,124585,67],{"class":66},[56,124587,1314],{"class":989},[56,124589,67],{"class":66},[56,124591,309],{"class":237},[56,124593,83],{"class":66},[14,124595,130],{},[47,124597,124599],{"className":49,"code":124598,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,124600,124601,124615],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124602,124603,124605,124607,124609,124611,124613],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124604,1383],{"class":75},[56,124606,1386],{"class":124},[56,124608,1389],{"class":937},[56,124610,1540],{"class":941},[56,124612,1394],{"class":937},[56,124614,1397],{"class":75},[56,124616,124617,124619,124621,124623,124625,124627],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,124618,1383],{"class":75},[56,124620,1386],{"class":124},[56,124622,1389],{"class":937},[56,124624,254],{"class":941},[56,124626,1394],{"class":937},[56,124628,1397],{"class":75},[14,124630,124631,124632,497],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[372,124633,124634],{"href":50495},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[42,124636,124638],{"id":124637},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[14,124640,124641],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[14,124643,124644],{},"You can use single quotes:",[47,124646,124648],{"className":49,"code":124647,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[18,124649,124650,124663],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124651,124652,124655,124657,124659,124661],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124653,124654],{"class":284},"greeting ",[56,124656,288],{"class":75},[56,124658,1389],{"class":937},[56,124660,3309],{"class":941},[56,124662,29206],{"class":937},[56,124664,124665,124667,124669,124672],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,124666,63],{"class":62},[56,124668,67],{"class":66},[56,124670,124671],{"class":237},"greeting",[56,124673,241],{"class":66},[14,124675,124676],{},"Or double quotes:",[47,124678,124680],{"className":49,"code":124679,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[18,124681,124682,124694],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124683,124684,124686,124688,124690,124692],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124685,124654],{"class":284},[56,124687,288],{"class":75},[56,124689,1448],{"class":937},[56,124691,3309],{"class":941},[56,124693,1454],{"class":937},[56,124695,124696,124698,124700,124702],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,124697,63],{"class":62},[56,124699,67],{"class":66},[56,124701,124671],{"class":237},[56,124703,241],{"class":66},[14,124705,124706],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[14,124708,124709],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[42,124711,124713],{"id":124712},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[14,124715,124716],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[14,124718,124719,124720,964,124722,971],{},"Use either ",[18,124721,5749],{},[18,124723,3236],{},[47,124725,124727],{"className":49,"code":124726,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[18,124728,124729,124738,124747,124751,124762,124773],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124730,124731,124734,124736],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124732,124733],{"class":284},"empty1 ",[56,124735,288],{"class":75},[56,124737,7364],{"class":937},[56,124739,124740,124743,124745],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,124741,124742],{"class":284},"empty2 ",[56,124744,288],{"class":75},[56,124746,47014],{"class":937},[56,124748,124749],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,124750,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,124752,124753,124755,124757,124760],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,124754,63],{"class":62},[56,124756,67],{"class":66},[56,124758,124759],{"class":237},"empty1",[56,124761,241],{"class":66},[56,124763,124764,124766,124768,124771],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,124765,63],{"class":62},[56,124767,67],{"class":66},[56,124769,124770],{"class":237},"empty2",[56,124772,241],{"class":66},[56,124774,124775,124777,124779,124781,124783,124785],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,124776,63],{"class":62},[56,124778,67],{"class":66},[56,124780,1314],{"class":989},[56,124782,67],{"class":66},[56,124784,124759],{"class":237},[56,124786,83],{"class":66},[14,124788,130],{},[47,124790,124791],{"className":49,"code":45288,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,124792,124793],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124794,124795,124797,124799,124801,124803,124805],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124796,1383],{"class":75},[56,124798,1386],{"class":124},[56,124800,1389],{"class":937},[56,124802,1540],{"class":941},[56,124804,1394],{"class":937},[56,124806,1397],{"class":75},[14,124808,124809],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[42,124811,124813],{"id":124812},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[14,124815,124816],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[14,124818,124819],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[47,124821,124823],{"className":49,"code":124822,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,124824,124825,124836,124841,124848,124852],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124826,124827,124829,124831,124834],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124828,89531],{"class":284},[56,124830,288],{"class":75},[56,124832,124833],{"class":937}," \"\"\"",[56,124835,88473],{"class":941},[56,124837,124838],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,124839,124840],{"class":941},"Welcome to Python\n",[56,124842,124843,124846],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,124844,124845],{"class":941},"Have a nice day",[56,124847,42853],{"class":937},[56,124849,124850],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,124851,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,124853,124854,124856,124858,124860],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,124855,63],{"class":62},[56,124857,67],{"class":66},[56,124859,89548],{"class":237},[56,124861,241],{"class":66},[14,124863,124864],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[47,124866,124868],{"className":49,"code":124867,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,124869,124870,124882,124887,124895,124899],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124871,124872,124874,124876,124879],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124873,89531],{"class":284},[56,124875,288],{"class":75},[56,124877,124878],{"class":937}," '''",[56,124880,124881],{"class":941},"Line 1\n",[56,124883,124884],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,124885,124886],{"class":941},"Line 2\n",[56,124888,124889,124892],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,124890,124891],{"class":941},"Line 3",[56,124893,124894],{"class":937},"'''\n",[56,124896,124897],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,124898,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,124900,124901,124903,124905,124907],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,124902,63],{"class":62},[56,124904,67],{"class":66},[56,124906,89548],{"class":237},[56,124908,241],{"class":66},[14,124910,124911],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[14,124913,124914],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[42,124916,124918],{"id":124917},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[14,124920,16,124921,124923],{},[18,124922,47202],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[14,124925,124926],{},"Example with a number:",[47,124928,124930],{"className":49,"code":124929,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,124931,124932,124946,124956],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124933,124934,124936,124938,124940,124942,124944],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124935,34197],{"class":284},[56,124937,288],{"class":75},[56,124939,48423],{"class":989},[56,124941,67],{"class":66},[56,124943,46044],{"class":79},[56,124945,241],{"class":66},[56,124947,124948,124950,124952,124954],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,124949,63],{"class":62},[56,124951,67],{"class":66},[56,124953,34218],{"class":237},[56,124955,241],{"class":66},[56,124957,124958,124960,124962,124964,124966,124968],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,124959,63],{"class":62},[56,124961,67],{"class":66},[56,124963,1314],{"class":989},[56,124965,67],{"class":66},[56,124967,34218],{"class":237},[56,124969,83],{"class":66},[14,124971,130],{},[47,124973,124975],{"className":49,"code":124974,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,124976,124977,124981],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,124978,124979],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,124980,46130],{"class":79},[56,124982,124983,124985,124987,124989,124991,124993],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,124984,1383],{"class":75},[56,124986,1386],{"class":124},[56,124988,1389],{"class":937},[56,124990,1540],{"class":941},[56,124992,1394],{"class":937},[56,124994,1397],{"class":75},[14,124996,124997],{},"You can also convert other values:",[47,124999,125001],{"className":49,"code":125000,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[18,125002,125003,125017],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125004,125005,125007,125009,125011,125013,125015],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125006,63],{"class":62},[56,125008,67],{"class":66},[56,125010,1540],{"class":989},[56,125012,67],{"class":66},[56,125014,3060],{"class":3316},[56,125016,83],{"class":66},[56,125018,125019,125021,125023,125025,125027,125029],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,125020,63],{"class":62},[56,125022,67],{"class":66},[56,125024,1540],{"class":989},[56,125026,67],{"class":66},[56,125028,39658],{"class":79},[56,125030,83],{"class":66},[14,125032,125033],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[47,125035,125037],{"className":49,"code":125036,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125038,125039,125047,125069,125073],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125040,125041,125043,125045],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125042,21131],{"class":284},[56,125044,288],{"class":75},[56,125046,44743],{"class":79},[56,125048,125049,125051,125053,125055,125057,125059,125061,125063,125065,125067],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,125050,89531],{"class":284},[56,125052,288],{"class":75},[56,125054,1448],{"class":937},[56,125056,88949],{"class":941},[56,125058,938],{"class":937},[56,125060,532],{"class":75},[56,125062,48423],{"class":989},[56,125064,67],{"class":66},[56,125066,8787],{"class":237},[56,125068,241],{"class":66},[56,125070,125071],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,125072,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,125074,125075,125077,125079,125081],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,125076,63],{"class":62},[56,125078,67],{"class":66},[56,125080,89548],{"class":237},[56,125082,241],{"class":66},[14,125084,125085,125086,964,125090,497],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[372,125087,3031,125088,1610],{"href":41691},[18,125089,47202],{},[372,125091,125092],{"href":122804},"how to convert int to string in Python",[42,125094,125096],{"id":125095},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[14,125098,125099],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[14,125101,125102],{},"Both of these are valid:",[47,125104,125106],{"className":49,"code":125105,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[18,125107,125108,125120],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125109,125110,125112,125114,125116,125118],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125111,635],{"class":284},[56,125113,288],{"class":75},[56,125115,1389],{"class":937},[56,125117,6777],{"class":941},[56,125119,29206],{"class":937},[56,125121,125122,125124,125126,125128,125130],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,125123,663],{"class":284},[56,125125,288],{"class":75},[56,125127,1448],{"class":937},[56,125129,6777],{"class":941},[56,125131,1454],{"class":937},[14,125133,125134],{},"A common rule is:",[26,125136,125137,125140,125143],{},[29,125138,125139],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[29,125141,125142],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[29,125144,125145],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[14,125147,274],{},[47,125149,125151],{"className":49,"code":125150,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[18,125152,125153,125167,125181,125185,125196],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125154,125155,125158,125160,125162,125165],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125156,125157],{"class":284},"text1 ",[56,125159,288],{"class":75},[56,125161,1448],{"class":937},[56,125163,125164],{"class":941},"It's working",[56,125166,1454],{"class":937},[56,125168,125169,125172,125174,125176,125179],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,125170,125171],{"class":284},"text2 ",[56,125173,288],{"class":75},[56,125175,1389],{"class":937},[56,125177,125178],{"class":941},"She said \"hello\"",[56,125180,29206],{"class":937},[56,125182,125183],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,125184,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,125186,125187,125189,125191,125194],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,125188,63],{"class":62},[56,125190,67],{"class":66},[56,125192,125193],{"class":237},"text1",[56,125195,241],{"class":66},[56,125197,125198,125200,125202,125205],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,125199,63],{"class":62},[56,125201,67],{"class":66},[56,125203,125204],{"class":237},"text2",[56,125206,241],{"class":66},[14,125208,125209],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[42,125211,125213],{"id":125212},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[14,125215,125216],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[14,125218,125219],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[47,125221,125223],{"className":49,"code":125222,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[18,125224,125225,125230],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125226,125227],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125228,125229],{"class":3123},"# This will cause an error\n",[56,125231,125232],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,125233,125234],{"class":3123},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[14,125236,125237,125238,34840,125240,125243],{},"Python sees the second ",[18,125239,1394],{},[18,125241,125242],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[14,125245,125246],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[47,125248,125250],{"className":49,"code":125249,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[18,125251,125252,125271],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125253,125254,125256,125258,125260,125263,125266,125269],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125255,34197],{"class":284},[56,125257,288],{"class":75},[56,125259,1389],{"class":937},[56,125261,125262],{"class":941},"It",[56,125264,125265],{"class":33962},"\\'",[56,125267,125268],{"class":941},"s working",[56,125270,29206],{"class":937},[56,125272,125273,125275,125277,125279],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,125274,63],{"class":62},[56,125276,67],{"class":66},[56,125278,34218],{"class":237},[56,125280,241],{"class":66},[14,125282,125283],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[47,125285,125287],{"className":49,"code":125286,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,125288,125289,125301],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125290,125291,125293,125295,125297,125299],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125292,34197],{"class":284},[56,125294,288],{"class":75},[56,125296,1448],{"class":937},[56,125298,125164],{"class":941},[56,125300,1454],{"class":937},[56,125302,125303,125305,125307,125309],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,125304,63],{"class":62},[56,125306,67],{"class":66},[56,125308,34218],{"class":237},[56,125310,241],{"class":66},[14,125312,125313],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[14,125315,125316,125317,497],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[372,125318,125320],{"href":125319},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[42,125322,912],{"id":911},[14,125324,125325],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[615,125327,89738],{"id":89737},[14,125329,125330],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[47,125332,125334],{"className":49,"code":125333,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[18,125335,125336,125340],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125337,125338],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125339,125229],{"class":3123},[56,125341,125342],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,125343,125344],{"class":3123},"# name = Alice\n",[14,125346,125347,125348,8087,125351,125353],{},"Python may raise a ",[18,125349,125350],{},"NameError",[18,125352,4476],{}," is not defined.",[14,125355,10298],{},[47,125357,125359],{"className":49,"code":125358,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[18,125360,125361,125373],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125362,125363,125365,125367,125369,125371],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125364,7359],{"class":284},[56,125366,288],{"class":75},[56,125368,1448],{"class":937},[56,125370,4476],{"class":941},[56,125372,1454],{"class":937},[56,125374,125375,125377,125379,125381],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,125376,63],{"class":62},[56,125378,67],{"class":66},[56,125380,7149],{"class":237},[56,125382,241],{"class":66},[615,125384,125386],{"id":125385},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[14,125388,125389],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[47,125391,125393],{"className":49,"code":125392,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[18,125394,125395,125399],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125396,125397],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125398,125229],{"class":3123},[56,125400,125401],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,125402,125403],{"class":3123},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[14,125405,125406],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[47,125408,125410],{"className":49,"code":125409,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[18,125411,125412,125429,125442,125446,125456],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125413,125414,125416,125418,125420,125422,125424,125427],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125415,125157],{"class":284},[56,125417,288],{"class":75},[56,125419,1389],{"class":937},[56,125421,125262],{"class":941},[56,125423,125265],{"class":33962},[56,125425,125426],{"class":941},"s good",[56,125428,29206],{"class":937},[56,125430,125431,125433,125435,125437,125440],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,125432,125171],{"class":284},[56,125434,288],{"class":75},[56,125436,1448],{"class":937},[56,125438,125439],{"class":941},"It's good",[56,125441,1454],{"class":937},[56,125443,125444],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,125445,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,125447,125448,125450,125452,125454],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,125449,63],{"class":62},[56,125451,67],{"class":66},[56,125453,125193],{"class":237},[56,125455,241],{"class":66},[56,125457,125458,125460,125462,125464],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,125459,63],{"class":62},[56,125461,67],{"class":66},[56,125463,125204],{"class":237},[56,125465,241],{"class":66},[615,125467,125469],{"id":125468},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[14,125471,125472],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[47,125474,125476],{"className":49,"code":125475,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,125477,125478,125490],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125479,125480,125482,125484,125486,125488],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125481,34197],{"class":284},[56,125483,288],{"class":75},[56,125485,124833],{"class":937},[56,125487,3309],{"class":941},[56,125489,42853],{"class":937},[56,125491,125492,125494,125496,125498],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,125493,63],{"class":62},[56,125495,67],{"class":66},[56,125497,34218],{"class":237},[56,125499,241],{"class":66},[14,125501,125502],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[47,125504,125506],{"className":49,"code":125505,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[18,125507,125508,125520],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125509,125510,125512,125514,125516,125518],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125511,34197],{"class":284},[56,125513,288],{"class":75},[56,125515,1448],{"class":937},[56,125517,3309],{"class":941},[56,125519,1454],{"class":937},[56,125521,125522,125524,125526,125528],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,125523,63],{"class":62},[56,125525,67],{"class":66},[56,125527,34218],{"class":237},[56,125529,241],{"class":66},[615,125531,4049,125533,3862,125535,125537],{"id":125532},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[18,125534,49765],{},[18,125536,49815],{}," are the same type",[14,125539,125540],{},"They are different:",[47,125542,125544],{"className":49,"code":125543,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[18,125545,125546,125555,125568,125572,125586],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125547,125548,125551,125553],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125549,125550],{"class":284},"value1 ",[56,125552,288],{"class":75},[56,125554,124561],{"class":79},[56,125556,125557,125560,125562,125564,125566],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,125558,125559],{"class":284},"value2 ",[56,125561,288],{"class":75},[56,125563,1448],{"class":937},[56,125565,49765],{"class":941},[56,125567,1454],{"class":937},[56,125569,125570],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,125571,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,125573,125574,125576,125578,125580,125582,125584],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,125575,63],{"class":62},[56,125577,67],{"class":66},[56,125579,1314],{"class":989},[56,125581,67],{"class":66},[56,125583,84294],{"class":237},[56,125585,83],{"class":66},[56,125587,125588,125590,125592,125594,125596,125599],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,125589,63],{"class":62},[56,125591,67],{"class":66},[56,125593,1314],{"class":989},[56,125595,67],{"class":66},[56,125597,125598],{"class":237},"value2",[56,125600,83],{"class":66},[14,125602,130],{},[47,125604,125606],{"className":49,"code":125605,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,125607,125608,125622],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125609,125610,125612,125614,125616,125618,125620],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125611,1383],{"class":75},[56,125613,1386],{"class":124},[56,125615,1389],{"class":937},[56,125617,254],{"class":941},[56,125619,1394],{"class":937},[56,125621,1397],{"class":75},[56,125623,125624,125626,125628,125630,125632,125634],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,125625,1383],{"class":75},[56,125627,1386],{"class":124},[56,125629,1389],{"class":937},[56,125631,1540],{"class":941},[56,125633,1394],{"class":937},[56,125635,1397],{"class":75},[615,125637,125639],{"id":125638},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[14,125641,125642],{},"This causes a type error:",[47,125644,125646],{"className":49,"code":125645,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[18,125647,125648,125652,125657],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125649,125650],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125651,125229],{"class":3123},[56,125653,125654],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,125655,125656],{"class":3123},"# age = 10\n",[56,125658,125659],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,125660,125661],{"class":3123},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[14,125663,125664,125665,971],{},"Fix it with ",[18,125666,47202],{},[47,125668,125670],{"className":49,"code":125669,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[18,125671,125672,125680,125702,125706],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125673,125674,125676,125678],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125675,21131],{"class":284},[56,125677,288],{"class":75},[56,125679,668],{"class":79},[56,125681,125682,125684,125686,125688,125690,125692,125694,125696,125698,125700],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,125683,89531],{"class":284},[56,125685,288],{"class":75},[56,125687,1448],{"class":937},[56,125689,88949],{"class":941},[56,125691,938],{"class":937},[56,125693,532],{"class":75},[56,125695,48423],{"class":989},[56,125697,67],{"class":66},[56,125699,8787],{"class":237},[56,125701,241],{"class":66},[56,125703,125704],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,125705,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,125707,125708,125710,125712,125714],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,125709,63],{"class":62},[56,125711,67],{"class":66},[56,125713,89548],{"class":237},[56,125715,241],{"class":66},[14,125717,125718,125719,497],{},"For this specific error, see ",[372,125720,89930],{"href":89929},[615,125722,60233],{"id":60232},[14,125724,125725],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[47,125727,125729],{"className":49,"code":125728,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[18,125730,125731,125743,125747,125757,125771],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125732,125733,125735,125737,125739,125741],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125734,34197],{"class":284},[56,125736,288],{"class":75},[56,125738,1448],{"class":937},[56,125740,3309],{"class":941},[56,125742,1454],{"class":937},[56,125744,125745],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,125746,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,125748,125749,125751,125753,125755],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,125750,63],{"class":62},[56,125752,67],{"class":66},[56,125754,34218],{"class":237},[56,125756,241],{"class":66},[56,125758,125759,125761,125763,125765,125767,125769],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,125760,63],{"class":62},[56,125762,67],{"class":66},[56,125764,1314],{"class":989},[56,125766,67],{"class":66},[56,125768,34218],{"class":237},[56,125770,83],{"class":66},[56,125772,125773,125775,125777,125779,125781,125783],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,125774,63],{"class":62},[56,125776,67],{"class":66},[56,125778,41295],{"class":62},[56,125780,67],{"class":66},[56,125782,34218],{"class":237},[56,125784,83],{"class":66},[26,125786,125787,125792,125797],{},[29,125788,125789,45796],{},[18,125790,125791],{},"print(text)",[29,125793,125794,45801],{},[18,125795,125796],{},"print(type(text))",[29,125798,125799,125802],{},[18,125800,125801],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[42,125804,1553],{"id":1552},[615,125806,125808],{"id":125807},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[14,125810,125811,125812,964,125815,497],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[18,125813,125814],{},"'hello'",[18,125816,64058],{},[615,125818,125820],{"id":125819},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[14,125822,125823],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[615,125825,125827],{"id":125826},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[14,125829,153,125830,964,125832,497],{},[18,125831,5749],{},[18,125833,3236],{},[615,125835,125837],{"id":125836},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[14,125839,153,125840,125842,125843,125845,125846,497],{},[18,125841,47202],{},", like ",[18,125844,79904],{},", which returns ",[18,125847,41642],{},[615,125849,125851],{"id":125850},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[14,125853,125854],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[42,125856,1601],{"id":1600},[26,125858,125859,125863,125869,125874,125883,125887],{},[29,125860,125861],{},[372,125862,124634],{"href":50495},[29,125864,125865],{},[372,125866,3031,125867,1610],{"href":41691},[18,125868,47202],{},[29,125870,125871],{},[372,125872,125873],{"href":122804},"How to convert int to string in Python",[29,125875,125876],{},[372,125877,125879,125880,10231],{"href":125878},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[18,125881,125882],{},"format()",[29,125884,125885],{},[372,125886,125320],{"href":125319},[29,125888,125889],{},[372,125890,89930],{"href":89929},[1633,125892,125893],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":125895},[125896,125897,125898,125899,125900,125901,125902,125903,125904,125913,125920],{"id":14660,"depth":86,"text":14661},{"id":124473,"depth":86,"text":124474},{"id":124637,"depth":86,"text":124638},{"id":124712,"depth":86,"text":124713},{"id":124812,"depth":86,"text":124813},{"id":124917,"depth":86,"text":124918},{"id":125095,"depth":86,"text":125096},{"id":125212,"depth":86,"text":125213},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912,"children":125905},[125906,125907,125908,125909,125911,125912],{"id":89737,"depth":102,"text":89738},{"id":125385,"depth":102,"text":125386},{"id":125468,"depth":102,"text":125469},{"id":125532,"depth":102,"text":125910},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125638,"depth":102,"text":125639},{"id":60232,"depth":102,"text":60233},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":125914},[125915,125916,125917,125918,125919],{"id":125807,"depth":102,"text":125808},{"id":125819,"depth":102,"text":125820},{"id":125826,"depth":102,"text":125827},{"id":125836,"depth":102,"text":125837},{"id":125850,"depth":102,"text":125851},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124335,"description":125921},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":125928,"title":125929,"body":125930,"description":127844,"extension":1665,"meta":127845,"navigation":316,"path":127846,"seo":127847,"stem":127848,"__hash__":127849},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":125931,"toc":127805},[125932,125938,125943,125951,125953,126020,126022,126034,126043,126048,126052,126069,126071,126136,126138,126150,126155,126157,126185,126206,126209,126248,126250,126258,126262,126266,126270,126278,126281,126322,126324,126332,126335,126392,126394,126402,126406,126411,126455,126457,126465,126474,126478,126483,126531,126533,126541,126547,126549,126553,126565,126570,126649,126651,126671,126675,126679,126719,126721,126729,126733,126776,126778,126786,126790,126830,126832,126840,126844,126900,126902,126910,126916,126918,126922,126932,126999,127001,127014,127021,127064,127066,127074,127078,127081,127137,127139,127147,127150,127152,127229,127231,127239,127248,127250,127254,127258,127260,127282,127285,127332,127336,127375,127377,127385,127387,127429,127436,127441,127503,127505,127517,127523,127528,127577,127579,127598,127604,127606,127625,127627,127718,127720,127726,127733,127739,127745,127750,127759,127766,127774,127776,127802],[10,125933,122879,125935,10814],{"id":125934},"python-string-endswith-method",[18,125936,125937],{},"endswith()",[14,125939,122884,125940,125942],{},[18,125941,125937],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[14,125944,125945,125946,964,125948,125950],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[18,125947,3060],{},[18,125949,3134],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[42,125952,45],{"id":44},[47,125954,125956],{"className":49,"code":125955,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[18,125957,125958,125972,125997],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,125959,125960,125963,125965,125967,125970],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,125961,125962],{"class":284},"filename ",[56,125964,288],{"class":75},[56,125966,1448],{"class":937},[56,125968,125969],{"class":941},"report.csv",[56,125971,1454],{"class":937},[56,125973,125974,125976,125978,125981,125983,125986,125988,125990,125993,125995],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,125975,63],{"class":62},[56,125977,67],{"class":66},[56,125979,125980],{"class":237},"filename",[56,125982,497],{"class":66},[56,125984,125985],{"class":237},"endswith",[56,125987,67],{"class":66},[56,125989,938],{"class":937},[56,125991,125992],{"class":941},".csv",[56,125994,938],{"class":937},[56,125996,83],{"class":66},[56,125998,125999,126001,126003,126005,126007,126009,126011,126013,126016,126018],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,126000,63],{"class":62},[56,126002,67],{"class":66},[56,126004,125980],{"class":237},[56,126006,497],{"class":66},[56,126008,125985],{"class":237},[56,126010,67],{"class":66},[56,126012,938],{"class":937},[56,126014,126015],{"class":941},".txt",[56,126017,938],{"class":937},[56,126019,83],{"class":66},[14,126021,130],{},[47,126023,126024],{"className":49,"code":43691,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,126025,126026,126030],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126027,126028],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126029,3446],{"class":3316},[56,126031,126032],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,126033,3507],{"class":3316},[14,126035,153,126036,4844,126038,964,126040,126042],{},[18,126037,125937],{},[18,126039,3060],{},[18,126041,3134],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[42,126044,3138,126046,3141],{"id":126045},"what-endswith-does",[18,126047,125937],{},[14,126049,126050,971],{},[18,126051,125937],{},[26,126053,126054,126057,126063,126066],{},[29,126055,126056],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[29,126058,10916,126059,964,126061],{},[18,126060,3060],{},[18,126062,3134],{},[29,126064,126065],{},"Does not change the original string",[29,126067,126068],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[14,126070,274],{},[47,126072,126074],{"className":49,"code":126073,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[18,126075,126076,126088,126092,126114],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126077,126078,126080,126082,126084,126086],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126079,34197],{"class":284},[56,126081,288],{"class":75},[56,126083,1448],{"class":937},[56,126085,59929],{"class":941},[56,126087,1454],{"class":937},[56,126089,126090],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,126091,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,126093,126094,126096,126098,126100,126102,126104,126106,126108,126110,126112],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,126095,63],{"class":62},[56,126097,67],{"class":66},[56,126099,34218],{"class":237},[56,126101,497],{"class":66},[56,126103,125985],{"class":237},[56,126105,67],{"class":66},[56,126107,938],{"class":937},[56,126109,60114],{"class":941},[56,126111,938],{"class":937},[56,126113,83],{"class":66},[56,126115,126116,126118,126120,126122,126124,126126,126128,126130,126132,126134],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,126117,63],{"class":62},[56,126119,67],{"class":66},[56,126121,34218],{"class":237},[56,126123,497],{"class":66},[56,126125,125985],{"class":237},[56,126127,67],{"class":66},[56,126129,938],{"class":937},[56,126131,3309],{"class":941},[56,126133,938],{"class":937},[56,126135,83],{"class":66},[14,126137,130],{},[47,126139,126140],{"className":49,"code":43691,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,126141,126142,126146],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126143,126144],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126145,3446],{"class":3316},[56,126147,126148],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,126149,3507],{"class":3316},[14,126151,126152,126153,497],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[372,126154,124634],{"href":50495},[42,126156,220],{"id":219},[47,126158,126160],{"className":49,"code":126159,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[18,126161,126162],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126163,126164,126166,126168,126170,126172,126175,126177,126179,126181,126183],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126165,60697],{"class":284},[56,126167,497],{"class":66},[56,126169,125985],{"class":237},[56,126171,67],{"class":66},[56,126173,126174],{"class":237},"suffix",[56,126176,1080],{"class":66},[56,126178,35563],{"class":237},[56,126180,1080],{"class":66},[56,126182,64564],{"class":237},[56,126184,241],{"class":66},[26,126186,126187,126192,126199],{},[29,126188,126189,126191],{},[18,126190,126174],{}," is required",[29,126193,126194,3862,126196,126198],{},[18,126195,35584],{},[18,126197,52181],{}," are optional",[29,126200,126201,3862,126203,126205],{},[18,126202,35584],{},[18,126204,52181],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[14,126207,126208],{},"Basic example:",[47,126210,126212],{"className":49,"code":126211,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[18,126213,126214,126226],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126215,126216,126218,126220,126222,126224],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126217,125962],{"class":284},[56,126219,288],{"class":75},[56,126221,1448],{"class":937},[56,126223,86419],{"class":941},[56,126225,1454],{"class":937},[56,126227,126228,126230,126232,126234,126236,126238,126240,126242,126244,126246],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,126229,63],{"class":62},[56,126231,67],{"class":66},[56,126233,125980],{"class":237},[56,126235,497],{"class":66},[56,126237,125985],{"class":237},[56,126239,67],{"class":66},[56,126241,938],{"class":937},[56,126243,126015],{"class":941},[56,126245,938],{"class":937},[56,126247,83],{"class":66},[14,126249,130],{},[47,126251,126252],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,126253,126254],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126255,126256],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126257,3446],{"class":3316},[42,126259,126261],{"id":126260},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[615,126263,126264],{"id":126174},[18,126265,126174],{},[14,126267,126268,30257],{},[18,126269,126174],{},[26,126271,126272,126275],{},[29,126273,126274],{},"A single string",[29,126276,126277],{},"A tuple of strings",[14,126279,126280],{},"Single suffix:",[47,126282,126284],{"className":49,"code":126283,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[18,126285,126286,126299],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126287,126288,126290,126292,126294,126297],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126289,7359],{"class":284},[56,126291,288],{"class":75},[56,126293,1448],{"class":937},[56,126295,126296],{"class":941},"image.png",[56,126298,1454],{"class":937},[56,126300,126301,126303,126305,126307,126309,126311,126313,126315,126318,126320],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,126302,63],{"class":62},[56,126304,67],{"class":66},[56,126306,7149],{"class":237},[56,126308,497],{"class":66},[56,126310,125985],{"class":237},[56,126312,67],{"class":66},[56,126314,938],{"class":937},[56,126316,126317],{"class":941},".png",[56,126319,938],{"class":937},[56,126321,83],{"class":66},[14,126323,130],{},[47,126325,126326],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,126327,126328],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126329,126330],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126331,3446],{"class":3316},[14,126333,126334],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[47,126336,126338],{"className":49,"code":126337,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,126339,126340,126352],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126341,126342,126344,126346,126348,126350],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126343,7359],{"class":284},[56,126345,288],{"class":75},[56,126347,1448],{"class":937},[56,126349,126296],{"class":941},[56,126351,1454],{"class":937},[56,126353,126354,126356,126358,126360,126362,126364,126366,126368,126371,126373,126375,126377,126379,126381,126383,126385,126388,126390],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,126355,63],{"class":62},[56,126357,67],{"class":66},[56,126359,7149],{"class":237},[56,126361,497],{"class":66},[56,126363,125985],{"class":237},[56,126365,4986],{"class":66},[56,126367,938],{"class":937},[56,126369,126370],{"class":941},".jpg",[56,126372,938],{"class":937},[56,126374,1080],{"class":66},[56,126376,1448],{"class":937},[56,126378,126317],{"class":941},[56,126380,938],{"class":937},[56,126382,1080],{"class":66},[56,126384,1448],{"class":937},[56,126386,126387],{"class":941},".gif",[56,126389,938],{"class":937},[56,126391,1000],{"class":66},[14,126393,130],{},[47,126395,126396],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,126397,126398],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126399,126400],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126401,3446],{"class":3316},[615,126403,126404],{"id":35584},[18,126405,35584],{},[14,126407,126408,126410],{},[18,126409,35584],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[47,126412,126414],{"className":49,"code":126413,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[18,126415,126416,126429],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126417,126418,126420,126422,126424,126427],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126419,34197],{"class":284},[56,126421,288],{"class":75},[56,126423,1448],{"class":937},[56,126425,126426],{"class":941},"my_report.csv",[56,126428,1454],{"class":937},[56,126430,126431,126433,126435,126437,126439,126441,126443,126445,126447,126449,126451,126453],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,126432,63],{"class":62},[56,126434,67],{"class":66},[56,126436,34218],{"class":237},[56,126438,497],{"class":66},[56,126440,125985],{"class":237},[56,126442,67],{"class":66},[56,126444,938],{"class":937},[56,126446,125992],{"class":941},[56,126448,938],{"class":937},[56,126450,1080],{"class":66},[56,126452,529],{"class":79},[56,126454,83],{"class":66},[14,126456,130],{},[47,126458,126459],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,126460,126461],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126462,126463],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126464,3446],{"class":3316},[14,126466,126467,126468,126470,126471,497],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[18,126469,121],{}," onward, which is ",[18,126472,126473],{},"\"report.csv\"",[615,126475,126476],{"id":52181},[18,126477,52181],{},[14,126479,126480,126482],{},[18,126481,52181],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[47,126484,126486],{"className":49,"code":126485,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[18,126487,126488,126501],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126489,126490,126492,126494,126496,126499],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126491,34197],{"class":284},[56,126493,288],{"class":75},[56,126495,1448],{"class":937},[56,126497,126498],{"class":941},"report.csv backup",[56,126500,1454],{"class":937},[56,126502,126503,126505,126507,126509,126511,126513,126515,126517,126519,126521,126523,126525,126527,126529],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,126504,63],{"class":62},[56,126506,67],{"class":66},[56,126508,34218],{"class":237},[56,126510,497],{"class":66},[56,126512,125985],{"class":237},[56,126514,67],{"class":66},[56,126516,938],{"class":937},[56,126518,125992],{"class":941},[56,126520,938],{"class":937},[56,126522,1080],{"class":66},[56,126524,3297],{"class":79},[56,126526,1080],{"class":66},[56,126528,5481],{"class":79},[56,126530,83],{"class":66},[14,126532,130],{},[47,126534,126535],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,126536,126537],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126538,126539],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126540,3446],{"class":3316},[14,126542,126543,126544,126546],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[18,126545,126473],{}," and ignores the rest.",[42,126548,16919],{"id":16918},[14,126550,126551,25013],{},[18,126552,125937],{},[26,126554,126555,126560],{},[29,126556,126557,126559],{},[18,126558,3060],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[29,126561,126562,126564],{},[18,126563,3134],{}," if it does not",[14,126566,126567,126568,6652],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[18,126569,6477],{},[47,126571,126573],{"className":49,"code":126572,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[18,126574,126575,126588,126592,126613,126628,126634],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126576,126577,126579,126581,126583,126586],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126578,125962],{"class":284},[56,126580,288],{"class":75},[56,126582,1448],{"class":937},[56,126584,126585],{"class":941},"data.csv",[56,126587,1454],{"class":937},[56,126589,126590],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,126591,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,126593,126594,126596,126599,126601,126603,126605,126607,126609,126611],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,126595,6477],{"class":3341},[56,126597,126598],{"class":284}," filename",[56,126600,497],{"class":66},[56,126602,125985],{"class":237},[56,126604,67],{"class":66},[56,126606,938],{"class":937},[56,126608,125992],{"class":941},[56,126610,938],{"class":937},[56,126612,7826],{"class":66},[56,126614,126615,126617,126619,126621,126624,126626],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,126616,7552],{"class":62},[56,126618,67],{"class":66},[56,126620,938],{"class":937},[56,126622,126623],{"class":941},"This is a CSV file.",[56,126625,938],{"class":937},[56,126627,241],{"class":66},[56,126629,126630,126632],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,126631,26939],{"class":3341},[56,126633,5871],{"class":66},[56,126635,126636,126638,126640,126642,126645,126647],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,126637,7552],{"class":62},[56,126639,67],{"class":66},[56,126641,938],{"class":937},[56,126643,126644],{"class":941},"This is not a CSV file.",[56,126646,938],{"class":937},[56,126648,241],{"class":66},[14,126650,130],{},[47,126652,126654],{"className":49,"code":126653,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"This is a CSV file.\n",[18,126655,126656],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126657,126658,126660,126662,126664,126667,126669],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126659,49398],{"class":284},[56,126661,11688],{"class":75},[56,126663,44062],{"class":284},[56,126665,126666],{"class":33962},"CSV",[56,126668,86160],{"class":86159},[56,126670,121911],{"class":66},[42,126672,126674],{"id":126673},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[615,126676,126678],{"id":126677},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[47,126680,126682],{"className":49,"code":126681,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,126683,126684,126697],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126685,126686,126688,126690,126692,126695],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126687,125962],{"class":284},[56,126689,288],{"class":75},[56,126691,1448],{"class":937},[56,126693,126694],{"class":941},"sales.csv",[56,126696,1454],{"class":937},[56,126698,126699,126701,126703,126705,126707,126709,126711,126713,126715,126717],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,126700,63],{"class":62},[56,126702,67],{"class":66},[56,126704,125980],{"class":237},[56,126706,497],{"class":66},[56,126708,125985],{"class":237},[56,126710,67],{"class":66},[56,126712,938],{"class":937},[56,126714,125992],{"class":941},[56,126716,938],{"class":937},[56,126718,83],{"class":66},[14,126720,130],{},[47,126722,126723],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,126724,126725],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126726,126727],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126728,3446],{"class":3316},[615,126730,126732],{"id":126731},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[47,126734,126736],{"className":49,"code":126735,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[18,126737,126738,126752],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126739,126740,126743,126745,126747,126750],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126741,126742],{"class":284},"url ",[56,126744,288],{"class":75},[56,126746,1448],{"class":937},[56,126748,126749],{"class":941},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[56,126751,1454],{"class":937},[56,126753,126754,126756,126758,126761,126763,126765,126767,126769,126772,126774],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,126755,63],{"class":62},[56,126757,67],{"class":66},[56,126759,126760],{"class":237},"url",[56,126762,497],{"class":66},[56,126764,125985],{"class":237},[56,126766,67],{"class":66},[56,126768,938],{"class":937},[56,126770,126771],{"class":941},"\u002F",[56,126773,938],{"class":937},[56,126775,83],{"class":66},[14,126777,130],{},[47,126779,126780],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,126781,126782],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126783,126784],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126785,3446],{"class":3316},[615,126787,126789],{"id":126788},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[47,126791,126793],{"className":49,"code":126792,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[18,126794,126795,126808],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126796,126797,126799,126801,126803,126806],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126798,89531],{"class":284},[56,126800,288],{"class":75},[56,126802,1448],{"class":937},[56,126804,126805],{"class":941},"Hello!",[56,126807,1454],{"class":937},[56,126809,126810,126812,126814,126816,126818,126820,126822,126824,126826,126828],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,126811,63],{"class":62},[56,126813,67],{"class":66},[56,126815,89548],{"class":237},[56,126817,497],{"class":66},[56,126819,125985],{"class":237},[56,126821,67],{"class":66},[56,126823,938],{"class":937},[56,126825,89372],{"class":941},[56,126827,938],{"class":937},[56,126829,83],{"class":66},[14,126831,130],{},[47,126833,126834],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,126835,126836],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126837,126838],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126839,3446],{"class":3316},[615,126841,126843],{"id":126842},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[47,126845,126847],{"className":49,"code":126846,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,126848,126849,126862],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126850,126851,126853,126855,126857,126860],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126852,125962],{"class":284},[56,126854,288],{"class":75},[56,126856,1448],{"class":937},[56,126858,126859],{"class":941},"photo.jpg",[56,126861,1454],{"class":937},[56,126863,126864,126866,126868,126870,126872,126874,126876,126878,126880,126882,126884,126886,126888,126890,126892,126894,126896,126898],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,126865,63],{"class":62},[56,126867,67],{"class":66},[56,126869,125980],{"class":237},[56,126871,497],{"class":66},[56,126873,125985],{"class":237},[56,126875,4986],{"class":66},[56,126877,938],{"class":937},[56,126879,126370],{"class":941},[56,126881,938],{"class":937},[56,126883,1080],{"class":66},[56,126885,1448],{"class":937},[56,126887,126317],{"class":941},[56,126889,938],{"class":937},[56,126891,1080],{"class":66},[56,126893,1448],{"class":937},[56,126895,126387],{"class":941},[56,126897,938],{"class":937},[56,126899,1000],{"class":66},[14,126901,130],{},[47,126903,126904],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,126905,126906],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126907,126908],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126909,3446],{"class":3316},[14,126911,126912,126913,497],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[372,126914,126915],{"href":123134},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[42,126917,123526],{"id":123525},[14,126919,126920,123337],{},[18,126921,125937],{},[14,126923,126924,126925,3862,126928,126931],{},"That means ",[18,126926,126927],{},"\".CSV\"",[18,126929,126930],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[47,126933,126935],{"className":49,"code":126934,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[18,126936,126937,126950,126954,126976],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,126938,126939,126941,126943,126945,126948],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,126940,125962],{"class":284},[56,126942,288],{"class":75},[56,126944,1448],{"class":937},[56,126946,126947],{"class":941},"REPORT.CSV",[56,126949,1454],{"class":937},[56,126951,126952],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,126953,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,126955,126956,126958,126960,126962,126964,126966,126968,126970,126972,126974],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,126957,63],{"class":62},[56,126959,67],{"class":66},[56,126961,125980],{"class":237},[56,126963,497],{"class":66},[56,126965,125985],{"class":237},[56,126967,67],{"class":66},[56,126969,938],{"class":937},[56,126971,125992],{"class":941},[56,126973,938],{"class":937},[56,126975,83],{"class":66},[56,126977,126978,126980,126982,126984,126986,126988,126990,126992,126995,126997],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,126979,63],{"class":62},[56,126981,67],{"class":66},[56,126983,125980],{"class":237},[56,126985,497],{"class":66},[56,126987,125985],{"class":237},[56,126989,67],{"class":66},[56,126991,938],{"class":937},[56,126993,126994],{"class":941},".CSV",[56,126996,938],{"class":937},[56,126998,83],{"class":66},[14,127000,130],{},[47,127002,127004],{"className":49,"code":127003,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"False\nTrue\n",[18,127005,127006,127010],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127007,127008],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127009,3507],{"class":3316},[56,127011,127012],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,127013,3446],{"class":3316},[14,127015,127016,127017,497],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[372,127018,127019],{"href":123606},[18,127020,123609],{},[47,127022,127024],{"className":49,"code":127023,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,127025,127026,127038],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127027,127028,127030,127032,127034,127036],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127029,125962],{"class":284},[56,127031,288],{"class":75},[56,127033,1448],{"class":937},[56,127035,126947],{"class":941},[56,127037,1454],{"class":937},[56,127039,127040,127042,127044,127046,127048,127050,127052,127054,127056,127058,127060,127062],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,127041,63],{"class":62},[56,127043,67],{"class":66},[56,127045,125980],{"class":237},[56,127047,497],{"class":66},[56,127049,8126],{"class":237},[56,127051,8123],{"class":66},[56,127053,125985],{"class":237},[56,127055,67],{"class":66},[56,127057,938],{"class":937},[56,127059,125992],{"class":941},[56,127061,938],{"class":937},[56,127063,83],{"class":66},[14,127065,130],{},[47,127067,127068],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,127069,127070],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127071,127072],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127073,3446],{"class":3316},[42,127075,127077],{"id":127076},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[14,127079,127080],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[47,127082,127084],{"className":49,"code":127083,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[18,127085,127086,127099],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127087,127088,127090,127092,127094,127097],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127089,125962],{"class":284},[56,127091,288],{"class":75},[56,127093,1448],{"class":937},[56,127095,127096],{"class":941},"picture.gif",[56,127098,1454],{"class":937},[56,127100,127101,127103,127105,127107,127109,127111,127113,127115,127117,127119,127121,127123,127125,127127,127129,127131,127133,127135],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,127102,63],{"class":62},[56,127104,67],{"class":66},[56,127106,125980],{"class":237},[56,127108,497],{"class":66},[56,127110,125985],{"class":237},[56,127112,4986],{"class":66},[56,127114,938],{"class":937},[56,127116,126370],{"class":941},[56,127118,938],{"class":937},[56,127120,1080],{"class":66},[56,127122,1448],{"class":937},[56,127124,126317],{"class":941},[56,127126,938],{"class":937},[56,127128,1080],{"class":66},[56,127130,1448],{"class":937},[56,127132,126387],{"class":941},[56,127134,938],{"class":937},[56,127136,1000],{"class":66},[14,127138,130],{},[47,127140,127141],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,127142,127143],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127144,127145],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127146,3446],{"class":3316},[14,127148,127149],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[14,127151,51600],{},[47,127153,127155],{"className":49,"code":127154,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[18,127156,127157,127170,127205,127209],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127158,127159,127162,127164,127166,127168],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127160,127161],{"class":284},"document ",[56,127163,288],{"class":75},[56,127165,1448],{"class":937},[56,127167,86419],{"class":941},[56,127169,1454],{"class":937},[56,127171,127172,127175,127177,127179,127181,127183,127185,127187,127189,127192,127194,127196,127198,127201,127203],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,127173,127174],{"class":284},"allowed ",[56,127176,288],{"class":75},[56,127178,8724],{"class":66},[56,127180,938],{"class":937},[56,127182,126015],{"class":941},[56,127184,938],{"class":937},[56,127186,1080],{"class":66},[56,127188,1448],{"class":937},[56,127190,127191],{"class":941},".md",[56,127193,938],{"class":937},[56,127195,1080],{"class":66},[56,127197,1448],{"class":937},[56,127199,127200],{"class":941},".docx",[56,127202,938],{"class":937},[56,127204,241],{"class":66},[56,127206,127207],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,127208,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,127210,127211,127213,127215,127218,127220,127222,127224,127227],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,127212,63],{"class":62},[56,127214,67],{"class":66},[56,127216,127217],{"class":237},"document",[56,127219,497],{"class":66},[56,127221,125985],{"class":237},[56,127223,67],{"class":66},[56,127225,127226],{"class":237},"allowed",[56,127228,83],{"class":66},[14,127230,130],{},[47,127232,127233],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,127234,127235],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127236,127237],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127238,3446],{"class":3316},[14,127240,127241,127242,497],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[372,127243,125879,127245,10231],{"href":127244},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[18,127246,127247],{},"startswith()",[42,127249,912],{"id":911},[14,127251,7932,127252,497],{},[18,127253,125937],{},[615,127255,127257],{"id":127256},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[14,127259,3995],{},[47,127261,127263],{"className":49,"code":127262,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[18,127264,127265,127277],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127266,127267,127269,127271,127273,127275],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127268,125962],{"class":284},[56,127270,288],{"class":75},[56,127272,1448],{"class":937},[56,127274,126859],{"class":941},[56,127276,1454],{"class":937},[56,127278,127279],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,127280,127281],{"class":3123},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[14,127283,127284],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[47,127286,127288],{"className":49,"code":127287,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[18,127289,127290,127302],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127291,127292,127294,127296,127298,127300],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127293,125962],{"class":284},[56,127295,288],{"class":75},[56,127297,1448],{"class":937},[56,127299,126859],{"class":941},[56,127301,1454],{"class":937},[56,127303,127304,127306,127308,127310,127312,127314,127316,127318,127320,127322,127324,127326,127328,127330],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,127305,63],{"class":62},[56,127307,67],{"class":66},[56,127309,125980],{"class":237},[56,127311,497],{"class":66},[56,127313,125985],{"class":237},[56,127315,4986],{"class":66},[56,127317,938],{"class":937},[56,127319,126370],{"class":941},[56,127321,938],{"class":937},[56,127323,1080],{"class":66},[56,127325,1448],{"class":937},[56,127327,126317],{"class":941},[56,127329,938],{"class":937},[56,127331,1000],{"class":66},[615,127333,127335],{"id":127334},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[47,127337,127339],{"className":49,"code":127338,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[18,127340,127341,127353],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127342,127343,127345,127347,127349,127351],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127344,125962],{"class":284},[56,127346,288],{"class":75},[56,127348,1448],{"class":937},[56,127350,126947],{"class":941},[56,127352,1454],{"class":937},[56,127354,127355,127357,127359,127361,127363,127365,127367,127369,127371,127373],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,127356,63],{"class":62},[56,127358,67],{"class":66},[56,127360,125980],{"class":237},[56,127362,497],{"class":66},[56,127364,125985],{"class":237},[56,127366,67],{"class":66},[56,127368,938],{"class":937},[56,127370,125992],{"class":941},[56,127372,938],{"class":937},[56,127374,83],{"class":66},[14,127376,130],{},[47,127378,127379],{"className":49,"code":3507,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,127380,127381],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127382,127383],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127384,3507],{"class":3316},[14,127386,38776],{},[47,127388,127389],{"className":49,"code":127023,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,127390,127391,127403],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127392,127393,127395,127397,127399,127401],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127394,125962],{"class":284},[56,127396,288],{"class":75},[56,127398,1448],{"class":937},[56,127400,126947],{"class":941},[56,127402,1454],{"class":937},[56,127404,127405,127407,127409,127411,127413,127415,127417,127419,127421,127423,127425,127427],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,127406,63],{"class":62},[56,127408,67],{"class":66},[56,127410,125980],{"class":237},[56,127412,497],{"class":66},[56,127414,8126],{"class":237},[56,127416,8123],{"class":66},[56,127418,125985],{"class":237},[56,127420,67],{"class":66},[56,127422,938],{"class":937},[56,127424,125992],{"class":941},[56,127426,938],{"class":937},[56,127428,83],{"class":66},[615,127430,36717,127432,8191,127434],{"id":127431},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[18,127433,125937],{},[18,127435,3348],{},[14,127437,127438,127440],{},[18,127439,125937],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[47,127442,127444],{"className":49,"code":127443,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[18,127445,127446,127459,127463,127485],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127447,127448,127450,127452,127454,127457],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127449,34197],{"class":284},[56,127451,288],{"class":75},[56,127453,1448],{"class":937},[56,127455,127456],{"class":941},"my_report.csv.backup",[56,127458,1454],{"class":937},[56,127460,127461],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,127462,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,127464,127465,127467,127469,127471,127473,127475,127477,127479,127481,127483],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,127466,63],{"class":62},[56,127468,67],{"class":66},[56,127470,34218],{"class":237},[56,127472,497],{"class":66},[56,127474,125985],{"class":237},[56,127476,67],{"class":66},[56,127478,938],{"class":937},[56,127480,125992],{"class":941},[56,127482,938],{"class":937},[56,127484,83],{"class":66},[56,127486,127487,127489,127491,127493,127495,127497,127499,127501],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,127488,63],{"class":62},[56,127490,67],{"class":66},[56,127492,938],{"class":937},[56,127494,125992],{"class":941},[56,127496,938],{"class":937},[56,127498,20676],{"class":3341},[56,127500,42358],{"class":237},[56,127502,241],{"class":66},[14,127504,130],{},[47,127506,127507],{"className":49,"code":127003,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,127508,127509,127513],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127510,127511],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127512,3507],{"class":3316},[56,127514,127515],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,127516,3446],{"class":3316},[615,127518,7938,127520,127522],{"id":127519},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[18,127521,125937],{}," to remove the suffix",[14,127524,127525,127527],{},[18,127526,125937],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[47,127529,127531],{"className":49,"code":127530,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[18,127532,127533,127545,127567],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127534,127535,127537,127539,127541,127543],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127536,125962],{"class":284},[56,127538,288],{"class":75},[56,127540,1448],{"class":937},[56,127542,125969],{"class":941},[56,127544,1454],{"class":937},[56,127546,127547,127549,127551,127553,127555,127557,127559,127561,127563,127565],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,127548,63],{"class":62},[56,127550,67],{"class":66},[56,127552,125980],{"class":237},[56,127554,497],{"class":66},[56,127556,125985],{"class":237},[56,127558,67],{"class":66},[56,127560,938],{"class":937},[56,127562,125992],{"class":941},[56,127564,938],{"class":937},[56,127566,83],{"class":66},[56,127568,127569,127571,127573,127575],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,127570,63],{"class":62},[56,127572,67],{"class":66},[56,127574,125980],{"class":237},[56,127576,241],{"class":66},[14,127578,130],{},[47,127580,127582],{"className":49,"code":127581,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\nreport.csv\n",[18,127583,127584,127588],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127585,127586],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127587,3446],{"class":3316},[56,127589,127590,127593,127595],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,127591,127592],{"class":284},"report",[56,127594,497],{"class":66},[56,127596,127597],{"class":24254},"csv\n",[14,127599,127600,127601,497],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[372,127602,127603],{"href":124047},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[14,127605,65587],{},[26,127607,127608,127611,127614,127617],{},[29,127609,127610],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[29,127612,127613],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[29,127615,127616],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[29,127618,7902,127619,44147,127621,964,127623,111076],{},[18,127620,125937],{},[18,127622,124050],{},[18,127624,41169],{},[14,127626,29642],{},[47,127628,127630],{"className":49,"code":127629,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[18,127631,127632,127642,127656,127678,127704],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127633,127634,127636,127638,127640],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127635,63],{"class":62},[56,127637,67],{"class":66},[56,127639,34218],{"class":237},[56,127641,241],{"class":66},[56,127643,127644,127646,127648,127650,127652,127654],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,127645,63],{"class":62},[56,127647,67],{"class":66},[56,127649,41295],{"class":62},[56,127651,67],{"class":66},[56,127653,34218],{"class":237},[56,127655,83],{"class":66},[56,127657,127658,127660,127662,127664,127666,127668,127670,127672,127674,127676],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,127659,63],{"class":62},[56,127661,67],{"class":66},[56,127663,34218],{"class":237},[56,127665,497],{"class":66},[56,127667,125985],{"class":237},[56,127669,67],{"class":66},[56,127671,1394],{"class":937},[56,127673,125992],{"class":941},[56,127675,1394],{"class":937},[56,127677,83],{"class":66},[56,127679,127680,127682,127684,127686,127688,127690,127692,127694,127696,127698,127700,127702],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,127681,63],{"class":62},[56,127683,67],{"class":66},[56,127685,34218],{"class":237},[56,127687,497],{"class":66},[56,127689,8126],{"class":237},[56,127691,8123],{"class":66},[56,127693,125985],{"class":237},[56,127695,67],{"class":66},[56,127697,1394],{"class":937},[56,127699,125992],{"class":941},[56,127701,1394],{"class":937},[56,127703,83],{"class":66},[56,127705,127706,127708,127710,127712,127714,127716],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,127707,63],{"class":62},[56,127709,67],{"class":66},[56,127711,1314],{"class":989},[56,127713,67],{"class":66},[56,127715,34218],{"class":237},[56,127717,83],{"class":66},[42,127719,1553],{"id":1552},[615,127721,12199,127723,127725],{"id":127722},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[18,127724,125937],{}," change the string?",[14,127727,127728,127729,964,127731,497],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[18,127730,3060],{},[18,127732,3134],{},[615,127734,4643,127736,127738],{"id":127735},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[18,127737,125937],{}," check more than one ending?",[14,127740,127741,127742,497],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[18,127743,127744],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[615,127746,14401,127748,124215],{"id":127747},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[18,127749,125937],{},[14,127751,127752,127753,964,127755,127758],{},"Yes. Use ",[18,127754,123609],{},[18,127756,127757],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[615,127760,4653,127762,3862,127764,571],{"id":127761},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[18,127763,125937],{},[18,127765,123874],{},[14,127767,127768,127770,127771,127773],{},[18,127769,125937],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[18,127772,123874],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[42,127775,1601],{"id":1600},[26,127777,127778,127784,127790,127794,127798],{},[29,127779,127780],{},[372,127781,125879,127782,10231],{"href":127244},[18,127783,127247],{},[29,127785,127786],{},[372,127787,125879,127788,10231],{"href":123606},[18,127789,123609],{},[29,127791,127792],{},[372,127793,124278],{"href":123134},[29,127795,127796],{},[372,127797,124285],{"href":124047},[29,127799,127800],{},[372,127801,124634],{"href":50495},[1633,127803,127804],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":127806},[127807,127808,127810,127811,127816,127817,127823,127824,127825,127833,127843],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":126045,"depth":86,"text":127809},"What endswith() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":126260,"depth":86,"text":126261,"children":127812},[127813,127814,127815],{"id":126174,"depth":102,"text":126174},{"id":35584,"depth":102,"text":35584},{"id":52181,"depth":102,"text":52181},{"id":16918,"depth":86,"text":16919},{"id":126673,"depth":86,"text":126674,"children":127818},[127819,127820,127821,127822],{"id":126677,"depth":102,"text":126678},{"id":126731,"depth":102,"text":126732},{"id":126788,"depth":102,"text":126789},{"id":126842,"depth":102,"text":126843},{"id":123525,"depth":86,"text":123526},{"id":127076,"depth":86,"text":127077},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912,"children":127826},[127827,127828,127829,127831],{"id":127256,"depth":102,"text":127257},{"id":127334,"depth":102,"text":127335},{"id":127431,"depth":102,"text":127830},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127519,"depth":102,"text":127832},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":127834},[127835,127837,127839,127841],{"id":127722,"depth":102,"text":127836},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127735,"depth":102,"text":127838},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127747,"depth":102,"text":127840},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127761,"depth":102,"text":127842},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":125929,"description":127844},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":127851,"title":127852,"body":127853,"description":129521,"extension":1665,"meta":129522,"navigation":316,"path":129523,"seo":129524,"stem":129525,"__hash__":129526},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":127854,"toc":129494},[127855,127860,127865,127870,127875,127968,127978,127983,127988,128003,128005,128087,128095,128097,128099,128126,128128,128144,128151,128153,128261,128263,128268,128284,128286,128381,128389,128392,128398,128403,128408,128415,128554,128557,128570,128572,128576,128583,128653,128656,128705,128712,128719,128733,128738,128743,128789,128835,128851,128853,128858,128872,128875,128997,129002,129004,129009,129042,129045,129121,129123,129132,129146,129149,129233,129236,129347,129350,129378,129380,129387,129391,129397,129400,129406,129409,129416,129427,129433,129440,129442,129491],[10,127856,122879,127858,10814],{"id":127857},"python-string-find-method",[18,127859,123874],{},[14,127861,122884,127862,127864],{},[18,127863,123874],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[14,127866,127867,127868,497],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[18,127869,65378],{},[14,127871,153,127872,127874],{},[18,127873,123874],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[47,127876,127878],{"className":49,"code":127877,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[18,127879,127880,127892,127915,127928,127932,127955],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,127881,127882,127884,127886,127888,127890],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,127883,34197],{"class":284},[56,127885,288],{"class":75},[56,127887,1448],{"class":937},[56,127889,59929],{"class":941},[56,127891,1454],{"class":937},[56,127893,127894,127896,127898,127900,127902,127905,127907,127909,127911,127913],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,127895,64443],{"class":284},[56,127897,288],{"class":75},[56,127899,42358],{"class":284},[56,127901,497],{"class":66},[56,127903,127904],{"class":237},"find",[56,127906,67],{"class":66},[56,127908,938],{"class":937},[56,127910,60114],{"class":941},[56,127912,938],{"class":937},[56,127914,241],{"class":66},[56,127916,127917,127919,127921,127923,127925],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,127918,63],{"class":62},[56,127920,67],{"class":66},[56,127922,64470],{"class":237},[56,127924,3120],{"class":66},[56,127926,127927],{"class":3123},"   # 6\n",[56,127929,127930],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,127931,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,127933,127934,127937,127939,127941,127943,127945,127947,127949,127951,127953],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,127935,127936],{"class":284},"missing ",[56,127938,288],{"class":75},[56,127940,42358],{"class":284},[56,127942,497],{"class":66},[56,127944,127904],{"class":237},[56,127946,67],{"class":66},[56,127948,938],{"class":937},[56,127950,51],{"class":941},[56,127952,938],{"class":937},[56,127954,241],{"class":66},[56,127956,127957,127959,127961,127963,127965],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,127958,63],{"class":62},[56,127960,67],{"class":66},[56,127962,26278],{"class":237},[56,127964,3120],{"class":66},[56,127966,127967],{"class":3123},"    # -1\n",[43097,127969,127970],{},[14,127971,153,127972,127974,127975,127977],{},[18,127973,123874],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[18,127976,65378],{}," if the substring is not found.",[42,127979,3138,127981,3141],{"id":127980},"what-find-does",[18,127982,123874],{},[14,127984,127985,127987],{},[18,127986,123874],{}," is a string method that:",[26,127989,127990,127993,127996,128001],{},[29,127991,127992],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[29,127994,127995],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[29,127997,10916,127998,128000],{},[18,127999,65378],{}," if no match is found",[29,128002,126065],{},[14,128004,274],{},[47,128006,128008],{"className":49,"code":128007,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[18,128009,128010,128022,128026,128050,128074],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128011,128012,128014,128016,128018,128020],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128013,34197],{"class":284},[56,128015,288],{"class":75},[56,128017,1448],{"class":937},[56,128019,3555],{"class":941},[56,128021,1454],{"class":937},[56,128023,128024],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,128025,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,128027,128028,128030,128032,128034,128036,128038,128040,128042,128044,128046,128048],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,128029,63],{"class":62},[56,128031,67],{"class":66},[56,128033,34218],{"class":237},[56,128035,497],{"class":66},[56,128037,127904],{"class":237},[56,128039,67],{"class":66},[56,128041,938],{"class":937},[56,128043,122972],{"class":941},[56,128045,938],{"class":937},[56,128047,4836],{"class":66},[56,128049,57167],{"class":3123},[56,128051,128052,128054,128056,128058,128060,128062,128064,128066,128068,128070,128072],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,128053,63],{"class":62},[56,128055,67],{"class":66},[56,128057,34218],{"class":237},[56,128059,497],{"class":66},[56,128061,127904],{"class":237},[56,128063,67],{"class":66},[56,128065,938],{"class":937},[56,128067,238],{"class":941},[56,128069,938],{"class":937},[56,128071,4836],{"class":66},[56,128073,127967],{"class":3123},[56,128075,128076,128078,128080,128082,128084],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,128077,63],{"class":62},[56,128079,67],{"class":66},[56,128081,34218],{"class":237},[56,128083,3120],{"class":66},[56,128085,128086],{"class":3123},"              # banana\n",[14,128088,20273,128089,128092,128093,497],{},[18,128090,128091],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[18,128094,115],{},[42,128096,220],{"id":219},[14,128098,223],{},[47,128100,128102],{"className":49,"code":128101,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[18,128103,128104],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128105,128106,128108,128110,128112,128114,128116,128118,128120,128122,128124],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128107,60697],{"class":284},[56,128109,497],{"class":66},[56,128111,127904],{"class":237},[56,128113,67],{"class":66},[56,128115,551],{"class":237},[56,128117,1080],{"class":66},[56,128119,35563],{"class":237},[56,128121,1080],{"class":66},[56,128123,64564],{"class":237},[56,128125,241],{"class":66},[615,128127,16895],{"id":16894},[26,128129,128130,128134,128139],{},[29,128131,128132,123071],{},[18,128133,551],{},[29,128135,128136,128138],{},[18,128137,35584],{},": optional starting position",[29,128140,128141,128143],{},[18,128142,52181],{},": optional ending position",[14,128145,128146,3862,128148,128150],{},[18,128147,35584],{},[18,128149,52181],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[14,128152,126208],{},[47,128154,128156],{"className":49,"code":128155,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[18,128157,128158,128170,128174,128199,128228],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128159,128160,128162,128164,128166,128168],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128161,34197],{"class":284},[56,128163,288],{"class":75},[56,128165,1448],{"class":937},[56,128167,59929],{"class":941},[56,128169,1454],{"class":937},[56,128171,128172],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,128173,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,128175,128176,128178,128180,128182,128184,128186,128188,128190,128192,128194,128196],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,128177,63],{"class":62},[56,128179,67],{"class":66},[56,128181,34218],{"class":237},[56,128183,497],{"class":66},[56,128185,127904],{"class":237},[56,128187,67],{"class":66},[56,128189,938],{"class":937},[56,128191,59996],{"class":941},[56,128193,938],{"class":937},[56,128195,4836],{"class":66},[56,128197,128198],{"class":3123},"        # 4\n",[56,128200,128201,128203,128205,128207,128209,128211,128213,128215,128217,128219,128221,128223,128225],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,128202,63],{"class":62},[56,128204,67],{"class":66},[56,128206,34218],{"class":237},[56,128208,497],{"class":66},[56,128210,127904],{"class":237},[56,128212,67],{"class":66},[56,128214,938],{"class":937},[56,128216,59996],{"class":941},[56,128218,938],{"class":937},[56,128220,1080],{"class":66},[56,128222,4075],{"class":79},[56,128224,4836],{"class":66},[56,128226,128227],{"class":3123},"     # 7\n",[56,128229,128230,128232,128234,128236,128238,128240,128242,128244,128246,128248,128250,128252,128254,128256,128258],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,128231,63],{"class":62},[56,128233,67],{"class":66},[56,128235,34218],{"class":237},[56,128237,497],{"class":66},[56,128239,127904],{"class":237},[56,128241,67],{"class":66},[56,128243,938],{"class":937},[56,128245,59996],{"class":941},[56,128247,938],{"class":937},[56,128249,1080],{"class":66},[56,128251,4075],{"class":79},[56,128253,1080],{"class":66},[56,128255,5470],{"class":79},[56,128257,4836],{"class":66},[56,128259,128260],{"class":3123},"  # -1\n",[42,128262,37534],{"id":37533},[14,128264,57066,128265,128267],{},[18,128266,123874],{}," is always an integer.",[26,128269,128270,128276,128279],{},[29,128271,128272,128273,128275],{},"A number ",[18,128274,181],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[29,128277,128278],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[29,128280,128281,128283],{},[18,128282,65378],{}," means the substring was not found",[14,128285,274],{},[47,128287,128289],{"className":49,"code":128288,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[18,128290,128291,128303,128307,128332,128357],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128292,128293,128295,128297,128299,128301],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128294,34197],{"class":284},[56,128296,288],{"class":75},[56,128298,1448],{"class":937},[56,128300,51],{"class":941},[56,128302,1454],{"class":937},[56,128304,128305],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,128306,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,128308,128309,128311,128313,128315,128317,128319,128321,128323,128326,128328,128330],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,128310,63],{"class":62},[56,128312,67],{"class":66},[56,128314,34218],{"class":237},[56,128316,497],{"class":66},[56,128318,127904],{"class":237},[56,128320,67],{"class":66},[56,128322,938],{"class":937},[56,128324,128325],{"class":941},"py",[56,128327,938],{"class":937},[56,128329,4836],{"class":66},[56,128331,20270],{"class":3123},[56,128333,128334,128336,128338,128340,128342,128344,128346,128348,128351,128353,128355],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,128335,63],{"class":62},[56,128337,67],{"class":66},[56,128339,34218],{"class":237},[56,128341,497],{"class":66},[56,128343,127904],{"class":237},[56,128345,67],{"class":66},[56,128347,938],{"class":937},[56,128349,128350],{"class":941},"th",[56,128352,938],{"class":937},[56,128354,4836],{"class":66},[56,128356,57167],{"class":3123},[56,128358,128359,128361,128363,128365,128367,128369,128371,128373,128375,128377,128379],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,128360,63],{"class":62},[56,128362,67],{"class":66},[56,128364,34218],{"class":237},[56,128366,497],{"class":66},[56,128368,127904],{"class":237},[56,128370,67],{"class":66},[56,128372,938],{"class":937},[56,128374,21580],{"class":941},[56,128376,938],{"class":937},[56,128378,4836],{"class":66},[56,128380,127967],{"class":3123},[14,128382,89434,128383,7941,128385,964,128387,497],{},[18,128384,123874],{},[18,128386,3060],{},[18,128388,3134],{},[14,128390,128391],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[42,128393,7902,128394,3862,128396],{"id":64930},[18,128395,35584],{},[18,128397,52181],{},[14,128399,153,128400,128402],{},[18,128401,35584],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[14,128404,153,128405,128407],{},[18,128406,52181],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[14,128409,16,128410,74986,128412,128414],{},[18,128411,52181],{},[3205,128413,64593],{}," in the search.",[47,128416,128418],{"className":49,"code":128417,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[18,128419,128420,128433,128437,128461,128490,128522],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128421,128422,128424,128426,128428,128431],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128423,34197],{"class":284},[56,128425,288],{"class":75},[56,128427,1448],{"class":937},[56,128429,128430],{"class":941},"one two three two",[56,128432,1454],{"class":937},[56,128434,128435],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,128436,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,128438,128439,128441,128443,128445,128447,128449,128451,128453,128455,128457,128459],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,128440,63],{"class":62},[56,128442,67],{"class":66},[56,128444,34218],{"class":237},[56,128446,497],{"class":66},[56,128448,127904],{"class":237},[56,128450,67],{"class":66},[56,128452,938],{"class":937},[56,128454,78795],{"class":941},[56,128456,938],{"class":937},[56,128458,4836],{"class":66},[56,128460,128198],{"class":3123},[56,128462,128463,128465,128467,128469,128471,128473,128475,128477,128479,128481,128483,128485,128487],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,128464,63],{"class":62},[56,128466,67],{"class":66},[56,128468,34218],{"class":237},[56,128470,497],{"class":66},[56,128472,127904],{"class":237},[56,128474,67],{"class":66},[56,128476,938],{"class":937},[56,128478,78795],{"class":941},[56,128480,938],{"class":937},[56,128482,1080],{"class":66},[56,128484,4075],{"class":79},[56,128486,4836],{"class":66},[56,128488,128489],{"class":3123},"     # 14\n",[56,128491,128492,128494,128496,128498,128500,128502,128504,128506,128508,128510,128512,128514,128516,128518,128520],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,128493,63],{"class":62},[56,128495,67],{"class":66},[56,128497,34218],{"class":237},[56,128499,497],{"class":66},[56,128501,127904],{"class":237},[56,128503,67],{"class":66},[56,128505,938],{"class":937},[56,128507,78795],{"class":941},[56,128509,938],{"class":937},[56,128511,1080],{"class":66},[56,128513,3297],{"class":79},[56,128515,1080],{"class":66},[56,128517,5470],{"class":79},[56,128519,4836],{"class":66},[56,128521,50455],{"class":3123},[56,128523,128524,128526,128528,128530,128532,128534,128536,128538,128540,128542,128544,128546,128548,128550,128552],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,128525,63],{"class":62},[56,128527,67],{"class":66},[56,128529,34218],{"class":237},[56,128531,497],{"class":66},[56,128533,127904],{"class":237},[56,128535,67],{"class":66},[56,128537,938],{"class":937},[56,128539,78795],{"class":941},[56,128541,938],{"class":937},[56,128543,1080],{"class":66},[56,128545,3297],{"class":79},[56,128547,1080],{"class":66},[56,128549,535],{"class":79},[56,128551,4836],{"class":66},[56,128553,128260],{"class":3123},[14,128555,128556],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[14,128558,128559,128560,54590,128564,497],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[372,128561,128563],{"href":128562},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[372,128565,128567,128569],{"href":128566},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[18,128568,60054],{}," string method",[42,128571,123526],{"id":123525},[14,128573,128574,123337],{},[18,128575,123874],{},[14,128577,126924,128578,3862,128580,128582],{},[18,128579,89942],{},[18,128581,64058],{}," are treated as different text.",[47,128584,128586],{"className":49,"code":128585,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[18,128587,128588,128601,128605,128629],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128589,128590,128592,128594,128596,128599],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128591,34197],{"class":284},[56,128593,288],{"class":75},[56,128595,1448],{"class":937},[56,128597,128598],{"class":941},"Hello World",[56,128600,1454],{"class":937},[56,128602,128603],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,128604,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,128606,128607,128609,128611,128613,128615,128617,128619,128621,128623,128625,128627],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,128608,63],{"class":62},[56,128610,67],{"class":66},[56,128612,34218],{"class":237},[56,128614,497],{"class":66},[56,128616,127904],{"class":237},[56,128618,67],{"class":66},[56,128620,938],{"class":937},[56,128622,34377],{"class":941},[56,128624,938],{"class":937},[56,128626,4836],{"class":66},[56,128628,50767],{"class":3123},[56,128630,128631,128633,128635,128637,128639,128641,128643,128645,128647,128649,128651],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,128632,63],{"class":62},[56,128634,67],{"class":66},[56,128636,34218],{"class":237},[56,128638,497],{"class":66},[56,128640,127904],{"class":237},[56,128642,67],{"class":66},[56,128644,938],{"class":937},[56,128646,3309],{"class":941},[56,128648,938],{"class":937},[56,128650,4836],{"class":66},[56,128652,128260],{"class":3123},[14,128654,128655],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[47,128657,128659],{"className":49,"code":128658,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[18,128660,128661,128673,128677],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128662,128663,128665,128667,128669,128671],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128664,34197],{"class":284},[56,128666,288],{"class":75},[56,128668,1448],{"class":937},[56,128670,128598],{"class":941},[56,128672,1454],{"class":937},[56,128674,128675],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,128676,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,128678,128679,128681,128683,128685,128687,128689,128691,128693,128695,128697,128699,128701,128703],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,128680,63],{"class":62},[56,128682,67],{"class":66},[56,128684,34218],{"class":237},[56,128686,497],{"class":66},[56,128688,8126],{"class":237},[56,128690,8123],{"class":66},[56,128692,127904],{"class":237},[56,128694,67],{"class":66},[56,128696,938],{"class":937},[56,128698,3309],{"class":941},[56,128700,938],{"class":937},[56,128702,4836],{"class":66},[56,128704,50767],{"class":3123},[42,128706,128708,10075,128710],{"id":128707},"find-vs-index",[18,128709,123874],{},[18,128711,58490],{},[14,128713,128714,3862,128716,128718],{},[18,128715,123874],{},[18,128717,58490],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[26,128720,128721,128727],{},[29,128722,128723,473,128725],{},[18,128724,123874],{},[18,128726,65378],{},[29,128728,128729,52015,128731],{},[18,128730,58490],{},[18,128732,40219],{},[14,128734,153,128735,128737],{},[18,128736,123874],{}," when missing text is normal.",[14,128739,153,128740,128742],{},[18,128741,58490],{}," when the value must exist.",[47,128744,128746],{"className":49,"code":128745,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[18,128747,128748,128760,128764],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128749,128750,128752,128754,128756,128758],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128751,34197],{"class":284},[56,128753,288],{"class":75},[56,128755,1448],{"class":937},[56,128757,3309],{"class":941},[56,128759,1454],{"class":937},[56,128761,128762],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,128763,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,128765,128766,128768,128770,128772,128774,128776,128778,128780,128782,128784,128786],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,128767,63],{"class":62},[56,128769,67],{"class":66},[56,128771,34218],{"class":237},[56,128773,497],{"class":66},[56,128775,127904],{"class":237},[56,128777,67],{"class":66},[56,128779,938],{"class":937},[56,128781,238],{"class":941},[56,128783,938],{"class":937},[56,128785,4836],{"class":66},[56,128787,128788],{"class":3123},"   # -1\n",[47,128790,128792],{"className":49,"code":128791,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[18,128793,128794,128806,128810],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128795,128796,128798,128800,128802,128804],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128797,34197],{"class":284},[56,128799,288],{"class":75},[56,128801,1448],{"class":937},[56,128803,3309],{"class":941},[56,128805,1454],{"class":937},[56,128807,128808],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,128809,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,128811,128812,128814,128816,128818,128820,128822,128824,128826,128828,128830,128832],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,128813,63],{"class":62},[56,128815,67],{"class":66},[56,128817,34218],{"class":237},[56,128819,497],{"class":66},[56,128821,35357],{"class":237},[56,128823,67],{"class":66},[56,128825,938],{"class":937},[56,128827,238],{"class":941},[56,128829,938],{"class":937},[56,128831,4836],{"class":66},[56,128833,128834],{"class":3123},"  # ValueError\n",[14,128836,128837,128838,128842,128843,128845,128846,497],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[372,128839,128840,128569],{"href":123899},[18,128841,58490],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[18,128844,58490],{},", read ",[372,128847,25184,128848],{"href":73006},[18,128849,128850],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[42,128852,40561],{"id":40560},[14,128854,34916,128855,128857],{},[18,128856,123874],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[26,128859,128860,128863,128866,128869],{},[29,128861,128862],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[29,128864,128865],{},"Get the position of a word",[29,128867,128868],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[29,128870,128871],{},"Search before slicing a string",[14,128873,128874],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[47,128876,128878],{"className":49,"code":128877,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[18,128879,128880,128893,128916,128920,128935,128951,128970,128984],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,128881,128882,128884,128886,128888,128891],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,128883,34197],{"class":284},[56,128885,288],{"class":75},[56,128887,1448],{"class":937},[56,128889,128890],{"class":941},"name:Alice",[56,128892,1454],{"class":937},[56,128894,128895,128898,128900,128902,128904,128906,128908,128910,128912,128914],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,128896,128897],{"class":284},"colon_pos ",[56,128899,288],{"class":75},[56,128901,42358],{"class":284},[56,128903,497],{"class":66},[56,128905,127904],{"class":237},[56,128907,67],{"class":66},[56,128909,938],{"class":937},[56,128911,971],{"class":941},[56,128913,938],{"class":937},[56,128915,241],{"class":66},[56,128917,128918],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,128919,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,128921,128922,128924,128927,128929,128931,128933],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,128923,6477],{"class":3341},[56,128925,128926],{"class":284}," colon_pos ",[56,128928,72116],{"class":75},[56,128930,291],{"class":75},[56,128932,1077],{"class":79},[56,128934,5871],{"class":66},[56,128936,128937,128940,128942,128944,128946,128949],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,128938,128939],{"class":284},"    label ",[56,128941,288],{"class":75},[56,128943,42358],{"class":284},[56,128945,75059],{"class":66},[56,128947,128948],{"class":284},"colon_pos",[56,128950,3093],{"class":66},[56,128952,128953,128955,128957,128959,128961,128963,128965,128967],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,128954,26906],{"class":284},[56,128956,288],{"class":75},[56,128958,42358],{"class":284},[56,128960,3366],{"class":66},[56,128962,128897],{"class":284},[56,128964,118],{"class":75},[56,128966,4973],{"class":79},[56,128968,128969],{"class":66},":]\n",[56,128971,128972,128974,128976,128979,128981],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,128973,7552],{"class":62},[56,128975,67],{"class":66},[56,128977,128978],{"class":237},"label",[56,128980,3120],{"class":66},[56,128982,128983],{"class":3123},"  # name\n",[56,128985,128986,128988,128990,128992,128994],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,128987,7552],{"class":62},[56,128989,67],{"class":66},[56,128991,551],{"class":237},[56,128993,3120],{"class":66},[56,128995,128996],{"class":3123},"  # Alice\n",[14,128998,128999,129000,497],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[372,129001,126915],{"href":123134},[42,129003,912],{"id":911},[14,129005,129006,129007,971],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[18,129008,123874],{},[26,129010,129011,129020,129026,129031,129037],{},[29,129012,7938,129013,7941,129015,964,129017,129019],{},[18,129014,123874],{},[18,129016,3060],{},[18,129018,3134],{}," instead of an index",[29,129021,129022,129023,129025],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[18,129024,65378],{}," when the substring is missing",[29,129027,7902,129028,129030],{},[18,129029,123874],{}," without handling case differences",[29,129032,36717,129033,8191,129035],{},[18,129034,123874],{},[18,129036,58490],{},[29,129038,4049,129039,129041],{},[18,129040,123874],{}," changes the string",[14,129043,129044],{},"Example of a mistake:",[47,129046,129048],{"className":49,"code":129047,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[18,129049,129050,129062,129066,129086,129101,129107],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129051,129052,129054,129056,129058,129060],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129053,34197],{"class":284},[56,129055,288],{"class":75},[56,129057,1448],{"class":937},[56,129059,3309],{"class":941},[56,129061,1454],{"class":937},[56,129063,129064],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,129065,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,129067,129068,129070,129072,129074,129076,129078,129080,129082,129084],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,129069,6477],{"class":3341},[56,129071,42358],{"class":284},[56,129073,497],{"class":66},[56,129075,127904],{"class":237},[56,129077,67],{"class":66},[56,129079,938],{"class":937},[56,129081,59961],{"class":941},[56,129083,938],{"class":937},[56,129085,7826],{"class":66},[56,129087,129088,129090,129092,129094,129097,129099],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,129089,7552],{"class":62},[56,129091,67],{"class":66},[56,129093,938],{"class":937},[56,129095,129096],{"class":941},"Found",[56,129098,938],{"class":937},[56,129100,241],{"class":66},[56,129102,129103,129105],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,129104,26939],{"class":3341},[56,129106,5871],{"class":66},[56,129108,129109,129111,129113,129115,129117,129119],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,129110,7552],{"class":62},[56,129112,67],{"class":66},[56,129114,938],{"class":937},[56,129116,25820],{"class":941},[56,129118,938],{"class":937},[56,129120,241],{"class":66},[14,129122,99440],{},[47,129124,129126],{"className":49,"code":129125,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Not found\n",[18,129127,129128],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129129,129130],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129131,129125],{"class":284},[14,129133,45221,129134,129137,129138,16572,129140,129142,129143,129145],{},[18,129135,129136],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[18,129139,181],{},[18,129141,181],{}," is treated as false in an ",[18,129144,6477],{}," statement.",[14,129147,129148],{},"A safer version is:",[47,129150,129152],{"className":49,"code":129151,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[18,129153,129154,129166,129170,129199,129213,129219],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129155,129156,129158,129160,129162,129164],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129157,34197],{"class":284},[56,129159,288],{"class":75},[56,129161,1448],{"class":937},[56,129163,3309],{"class":941},[56,129165,1454],{"class":937},[56,129167,129168],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,129169,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,129171,129172,129174,129176,129178,129180,129182,129184,129186,129188,129190,129193,129195,129197],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,129173,6477],{"class":3341},[56,129175,42358],{"class":284},[56,129177,497],{"class":66},[56,129179,127904],{"class":237},[56,129181,67],{"class":66},[56,129183,938],{"class":937},[56,129185,59961],{"class":941},[56,129187,938],{"class":937},[56,129189,3120],{"class":66},[56,129191,129192],{"class":75}," !=",[56,129194,291],{"class":75},[56,129196,1077],{"class":79},[56,129198,5871],{"class":66},[56,129200,129201,129203,129205,129207,129209,129211],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,129202,7552],{"class":62},[56,129204,67],{"class":66},[56,129206,938],{"class":937},[56,129208,129096],{"class":941},[56,129210,938],{"class":937},[56,129212,241],{"class":66},[56,129214,129215,129217],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,129216,26939],{"class":3341},[56,129218,5871],{"class":66},[56,129220,129221,129223,129225,129227,129229,129231],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,129222,7552],{"class":62},[56,129224,67],{"class":66},[56,129226,938],{"class":937},[56,129228,25820],{"class":941},[56,129230,938],{"class":937},[56,129232,241],{"class":66},[14,129234,129235],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[47,129237,129239],{"className":49,"code":129238,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[18,129240,129241,129263,129277,129303,129317],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129242,129243,129245,129247,129249,129251,129253,129255,129257,129259,129261],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129244,63],{"class":62},[56,129246,67],{"class":66},[56,129248,34218],{"class":237},[56,129250,497],{"class":66},[56,129252,127904],{"class":237},[56,129254,67],{"class":66},[56,129256,1394],{"class":937},[56,129258,37905],{"class":941},[56,129260,1394],{"class":937},[56,129262,83],{"class":66},[56,129264,129265,129267,129269,129271,129273,129275],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,129266,63],{"class":62},[56,129268,67],{"class":66},[56,129270,41295],{"class":62},[56,129272,67],{"class":66},[56,129274,34218],{"class":237},[56,129276,83],{"class":66},[56,129278,129279,129281,129283,129285,129287,129289,129291,129293,129295,129297,129299,129301],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,129280,63],{"class":62},[56,129282,67],{"class":66},[56,129284,34218],{"class":237},[56,129286,497],{"class":66},[56,129288,8126],{"class":237},[56,129290,8123],{"class":66},[56,129292,127904],{"class":237},[56,129294,67],{"class":66},[56,129296,1394],{"class":937},[56,129298,37905],{"class":941},[56,129300,1394],{"class":937},[56,129302,83],{"class":66},[56,129304,129305,129307,129309,129311,129313,129315],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,129306,63],{"class":62},[56,129308,67],{"class":66},[56,129310,10653],{"class":62},[56,129312,67],{"class":66},[56,129314,34218],{"class":237},[56,129316,83],{"class":66},[56,129318,129319,129321,129323,129325,129327,129329,129331,129333,129335,129337,129339,129341,129343,129345],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,129320,63],{"class":62},[56,129322,67],{"class":66},[56,129324,34218],{"class":237},[56,129326,497],{"class":66},[56,129328,127904],{"class":237},[56,129330,67],{"class":66},[56,129332,1394],{"class":937},[56,129334,37905],{"class":941},[56,129336,1394],{"class":937},[56,129338,1080],{"class":66},[56,129340,35563],{"class":237},[56,129342,1080],{"class":66},[56,129344,64564],{"class":237},[56,129346,83],{"class":66},[14,129348,129349],{},"These help you check:",[26,129351,129352,129357,129362,129367,129370],{},[29,129353,129354,129355],{},"The actual result from ",[18,129356,123874],{},[29,129358,129359,129360],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[18,129361,122093],{},[29,129363,129364,129365],{},"Case differences with ",[18,129366,123609],{},[29,129368,129369],{},"The string length",[29,129371,129372,129373,3862,129375,129377],{},"Whether your ",[18,129374,35584],{},[18,129376,52181],{}," values are correct",[42,129379,1553],{"id":1552},[615,129381,129383,129384,129386],{"id":129382},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[18,129385,123874],{}," return if the text is not found?",[14,129388,4621,129389,497],{},[18,129390,65378],{},[615,129392,12199,129394,129396],{"id":129393},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[18,129395,123874],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[14,129398,129399],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[615,129401,129403,129404,124215],{"id":129402},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[18,129405,123874],{},[14,129407,129408],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[615,129410,4653,129412,3862,129414,69179],{"id":129411},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[18,129413,123874],{},[18,129415,58490],{},[14,129417,129418,473,129420,129422,129423,52015,129425,497],{},[18,129419,123874],{},[18,129421,65378],{}," if not found, while ",[18,129424,58490],{},[18,129426,40219],{},[615,129428,27834,129430,129432],{"id":129429},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[18,129431,123874],{}," to search only part of a string?",[14,129434,129435,129436,3862,129438,65677],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[18,129437,35584],{},[18,129439,52181],{},[42,129441,1601],{"id":1600},[26,129443,129444,129450,129456,129463,129469,129476,129480,129485],{},[29,129445,129446],{},[372,129447,125879,129448,10231],{"href":123899},[18,129449,58490],{},[29,129451,129452],{},[372,129453,125879,129454,10231],{"href":128566},[18,129455,60054],{},[29,129457,129458],{},[372,129459,125879,129461,10231],{"href":129460},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[18,129462,124050],{},[29,129464,129465],{},[372,129466,125879,129467,10231],{"href":127244},[18,129468,127247],{},[29,129470,129471],{},[372,129472,125879,129474,10231],{"href":129473},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[18,129475,125937],{},[29,129477,129478],{},[372,129479,124278],{"href":123134},[29,129481,129482],{},[372,129483,129484],{"href":128562},"How to split a string in Python",[29,129486,129487],{},[372,129488,25627,129489],{"href":73006},[18,129490,128850],{},[1633,129492,129493],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":129495},[129496,129498,129501,129502,129503,129504,129506,129507,129508,129520],{"id":127980,"depth":86,"text":129497},"What find() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220,"children":129499},[129500],{"id":16894,"depth":102,"text":16895},{"id":37533,"depth":86,"text":37534},{"id":64930,"depth":86,"text":65713},{"id":123525,"depth":86,"text":123526},{"id":128707,"depth":86,"text":129505},"find() vs index()",{"id":40560,"depth":86,"text":40561},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":129509},[129510,129512,129514,129516,129518],{"id":129382,"depth":102,"text":129511},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129393,"depth":102,"text":129513},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129402,"depth":102,"text":129515},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129411,"depth":102,"text":129517},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129429,"depth":102,"text":129519},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":127852,"description":129521},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129528,"title":129529,"body":129530,"description":131456,"extension":1665,"meta":131457,"navigation":316,"path":131458,"seo":131459,"stem":131460,"__hash__":131461},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129531,"toc":131424},[129532,129537,129542,129545,129547,129623,129627,129655,129663,129667,129672,129676,129693,129695,129762,129766,129788,129796,129798,129801,129825,129828,129842,129844,129929,129933,129945,129948,129952,129958,130008,130012,130029,130038,130041,130049,130052,130101,130105,130130,130133,130188,130192,130204,130210,130214,130220,130225,130292,130296,130322,130325,130336,130338,130405,130409,130434,130441,130445,130450,130457,130465,130467,130519,130523,130541,130543,130588,130592,130607,130610,130620,130627,130629,130633,130636,130647,130649,130709,130713,130741,130744,130750,130755,130758,130762,130806,130809,130847,130850,130858,130860,130865,130869,130872,130920,130923,130926,130982,130986,130991,130994,131043,131045,131094,131100,131105,131107,131154,131158,131171,131173,131224,131230,131233,131237,131240,131246,131251,131253,131256,131328,131331,131348,131350,131355,131358,131362,131368,131374,131381,131387,131393,131395,131421],[10,129533,122879,129535,10814],{"id":129534},"python-string-format-method",[18,129536,125882],{},[14,129538,122884,129539,129541],{},[18,129540,125882],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[14,129543,129544],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[42,129546,45],{"id":44},[47,129548,129550],{"className":49,"code":129549,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[18,129551,129552,129564,129572,129576,129613],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129553,129554,129556,129558,129560,129562],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129555,7359],{"class":284},[56,129557,288],{"class":75},[56,129559,1448],{"class":937},[56,129561,11002],{"class":941},[56,129563,1454],{"class":937},[56,129565,129566,129568,129570],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,129567,21131],{"class":284},[56,129569,288],{"class":75},[56,129571,88323],{"class":79},[56,129573,129574],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,129575,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,129577,129578,129580,129582,129584,129587,129589,129592,129594,129596,129598,129600,129603,129605,129607,129609,129611],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,129579,89531],{"class":284},[56,129581,288],{"class":75},[56,129583,1448],{"class":937},[56,129585,129586],{"class":941},"My name is ",[56,129588,3255],{"class":79},[56,129590,129591],{"class":941}," and I am ",[56,129593,3255],{"class":79},[56,129595,121875],{"class":941},[56,129597,938],{"class":937},[56,129599,497],{"class":66},[56,129601,129602],{"class":237},"format",[56,129604,67],{"class":66},[56,129606,7149],{"class":237},[56,129608,1080],{"class":66},[56,129610,8676],{"class":237},[56,129612,241],{"class":66},[56,129614,129615,129617,129619,129621],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,129616,63],{"class":62},[56,129618,67],{"class":66},[56,129620,89548],{"class":237},[56,129622,241],{"class":66},[14,129624,129625],{},[3205,129626,130],{},[47,129628,129630],{"className":49,"code":129629,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[18,129631,129632],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129633,129634,129637,129639,129642,129645,129648,129651,129653],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129635,129636],{"class":284},"My name ",[56,129638,11688],{"class":75},[56,129640,129641],{"class":284}," Maya ",[56,129643,129644],{"class":75},"and",[56,129646,129647],{"class":284}," I am ",[56,129649,129650],{"class":79},"12",[56,129652,121908],{"class":284},[56,129654,121911],{"class":66},[14,129656,153,129657,129659,129660,129662],{},[18,129658,3255],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[18,129661,125882],{}," in the same order.",[14,129664,124631,129665,497],{},[372,129666,124634],{"href":50495},[42,129668,12492,129670,12495],{"id":129669},"what-the-format-method-does",[18,129671,125882],{},[14,129673,16,129674,10905],{},[18,129675,125882],{},[26,129677,129678,129681,129687,129690],{},[29,129679,129680],{},"inserts values into a string",[29,129682,129683,129684,129686],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[18,129685,3255],{}," with given values",[29,129688,129689],{},"returns a new string",[29,129691,129692],{},"does not change the original string",[14,129694,274],{},[47,129696,129698],{"className":49,"code":129697,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[18,129699,129700,129714,129737,129741,129752],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129701,129702,129704,129706,129708,129710,129712],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129703,34197],{"class":284},[56,129705,288],{"class":75},[56,129707,1448],{"class":937},[56,129709,44419],{"class":941},[56,129711,3255],{"class":79},[56,129713,1454],{"class":937},[56,129715,129716,129719,129721,129723,129725,129727,129729,129731,129733,129735],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,129717,129718],{"class":284},"new_text ",[56,129720,288],{"class":75},[56,129722,42358],{"class":284},[56,129724,497],{"class":66},[56,129726,129602],{"class":237},[56,129728,67],{"class":66},[56,129730,938],{"class":937},[56,129732,7158],{"class":941},[56,129734,938],{"class":937},[56,129736,241],{"class":66},[56,129738,129739],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,129740,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,129742,129743,129745,129747,129750],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,129744,63],{"class":62},[56,129746,67],{"class":66},[56,129748,129749],{"class":237},"new_text",[56,129751,241],{"class":66},[56,129753,129754,129756,129758,129760],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,129755,63],{"class":62},[56,129757,67],{"class":66},[56,129759,34218],{"class":237},[56,129761,241],{"class":66},[14,129763,129764],{},[3205,129765,130],{},[47,129767,129769],{"className":49,"code":129768,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[18,129770,129771,129780],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129772,129773,129775,129777],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129774,34377],{"class":284},[56,129776,1080],{"class":66},[56,129778,129779],{"class":284}," Sam\n",[56,129781,129782,129784,129786],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,129783,34377],{"class":284},[56,129785,1080],{"class":66},[56,129787,9327],{"class":66},[14,129789,360,129790,129792,129793,129795],{},[18,129791,34218],{}," stays the same. ",[18,129794,125882],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[42,129797,220],{"id":219},[14,129799,129800],{},"The general form is:",[47,129802,129804],{"className":49,"code":129803,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[18,129805,129806],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129807,129808,129810,129813,129815,129817,129819,129821,129823],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129809,938],{"class":42845},[56,129811,129812],{"class":42849},"text {}",[56,129814,938],{"class":42845},[56,129816,497],{"class":66},[56,129818,129602],{"class":237},[56,129820,67],{"class":66},[56,129822,551],{"class":237},[56,129824,241],{"class":66},[14,129826,129827],{},"Key idea:",[26,129829,129830,129836,129839],{},[29,129831,129832,129833,129835],{},"each ",[18,129834,3255],{}," is a placeholder",[29,129837,129838],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[29,129840,129841],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[14,129843,274],{},[47,129845,129847],{"className":49,"code":129846,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[18,129848,129849,129862,129876,129880,129918],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129850,129851,129854,129856,129858,129860],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129852,129853],{"class":284},"animal ",[56,129855,288],{"class":75},[56,129857,1448],{"class":937},[56,129859,36560],{"class":941},[56,129861,1454],{"class":937},[56,129863,129864,129867,129869,129871,129874],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,129865,129866],{"class":284},"sound ",[56,129868,288],{"class":75},[56,129870,1448],{"class":937},[56,129872,129873],{"class":941},"meow",[56,129875,1454],{"class":937},[56,129877,129878],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,129879,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,129881,129882,129885,129887,129889,129891,129893,129896,129898,129900,129902,129904,129906,129908,129911,129913,129916],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,129883,129884],{"class":284},"sentence ",[56,129886,288],{"class":75},[56,129888,1448],{"class":937},[56,129890,16],{"class":941},[56,129892,3255],{"class":79},[56,129894,129895],{"class":941}," says ",[56,129897,3255],{"class":79},[56,129899,497],{"class":941},[56,129901,938],{"class":937},[56,129903,497],{"class":66},[56,129905,129602],{"class":237},[56,129907,67],{"class":66},[56,129909,129910],{"class":237},"animal",[56,129912,1080],{"class":66},[56,129914,129915],{"class":237}," sound",[56,129917,241],{"class":66},[56,129919,129920,129922,129924,129927],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,129921,63],{"class":62},[56,129923,67],{"class":66},[56,129925,129926],{"class":237},"sentence",[56,129928,241],{"class":66},[14,129930,129931],{},[3205,129932,130],{},[47,129934,129936],{"className":49,"code":129935,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"The cat says meow.\n",[18,129937,129938],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129939,129940,129943],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129941,129942],{"class":284},"The cat says meow",[56,129944,121911],{"class":66},[14,129946,129947],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[42,129949,129951],{"id":129950},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[14,129953,129954,129955,129957],{},"You can use empty braces ",[18,129956,3255],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[47,129959,129961],{"className":49,"code":129960,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[18,129962,129963],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,129964,129965,129967,129969,129971,129974,129976,129978,129980,129982,129984,129986,129988,129990,129992,129995,129997,129999,130001,130004,130006],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,129966,63],{"class":62},[56,129968,67],{"class":66},[56,129970,938],{"class":937},[56,129972,129973],{"class":941},"I like ",[56,129975,3255],{"class":79},[56,129977,3862],{"class":941},[56,129979,3255],{"class":79},[56,129981,497],{"class":941},[56,129983,938],{"class":937},[56,129985,497],{"class":66},[56,129987,129602],{"class":237},[56,129989,67],{"class":66},[56,129991,938],{"class":937},[56,129993,129994],{"class":941},"pizza",[56,129996,938],{"class":937},[56,129998,1080],{"class":66},[56,130000,1448],{"class":937},[56,130002,130003],{"class":941},"pasta",[56,130005,938],{"class":937},[56,130007,83],{"class":66},[14,130009,130010],{},[3205,130011,130],{},[47,130013,130015],{"className":49,"code":130014,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[18,130016,130017],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130018,130019,130022,130024,130027],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130020,130021],{"class":284},"I like pizza ",[56,130023,129644],{"class":75},[56,130025,130026],{"class":284}," pasta",[56,130028,121911],{"class":66},[14,130030,130031,130032,3862,130035,497],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[18,130033,130034],{},"{0}",[18,130036,130037],{},"{1}",[14,130039,130040],{},"This is helpful when:",[26,130042,130043,130046],{},[29,130044,130045],{},"you want to reuse a value",[29,130047,130048],{},"you want to change the order",[14,130050,130051],{},"Example with reused values:",[47,130053,130055],{"className":49,"code":130054,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130056,130057,130091],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130058,130059,130061,130063,130065,130067,130070,130072,130075,130077,130079,130081,130083,130085,130087,130089],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130060,34197],{"class":284},[56,130062,288],{"class":75},[56,130064,1448],{"class":937},[56,130066,130034],{"class":79},[56,130068,130069],{"class":941}," is learning Python. ",[56,130071,130034],{"class":79},[56,130073,130074],{"class":941}," likes coding.",[56,130076,938],{"class":937},[56,130078,497],{"class":66},[56,130080,129602],{"class":237},[56,130082,67],{"class":66},[56,130084,938],{"class":937},[56,130086,19384],{"class":941},[56,130088,938],{"class":937},[56,130090,241],{"class":66},[56,130092,130093,130095,130097,130099],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,130094,63],{"class":62},[56,130096,67],{"class":66},[56,130098,34218],{"class":237},[56,130100,241],{"class":66},[14,130102,130103],{},[3205,130104,130],{},[47,130106,130108],{"className":49,"code":130107,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[18,130109,130110],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130111,130112,130115,130117,130120,130122,130125,130128],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130113,130114],{"class":284},"Lina ",[56,130116,11688],{"class":75},[56,130118,130119],{"class":284}," learning Python",[56,130121,497],{"class":66},[56,130123,130124],{"class":24254}," Lina",[56,130126,130127],{"class":284}," likes coding",[56,130129,121911],{"class":66},[14,130131,130132],{},"Example with changed order:",[47,130134,130136],{"className":49,"code":130135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130137,130138,130178],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130139,130140,130142,130144,130146,130148,130150,130152,130154,130156,130158,130160,130162,130164,130166,130168,130170,130172,130174,130176],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130141,34197],{"class":284},[56,130143,288],{"class":75},[56,130145,1448],{"class":937},[56,130147,130037],{"class":79},[56,130149,82850],{"class":941},[56,130151,130034],{"class":79},[56,130153,497],{"class":941},[56,130155,938],{"class":937},[56,130157,497],{"class":66},[56,130159,129602],{"class":237},[56,130161,67],{"class":66},[56,130163,938],{"class":937},[56,130165,6064],{"class":941},[56,130167,938],{"class":937},[56,130169,1080],{"class":66},[56,130171,1448],{"class":937},[56,130173,78795],{"class":941},[56,130175,938],{"class":937},[56,130177,241],{"class":66},[56,130179,130180,130182,130184,130186],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,130181,63],{"class":62},[56,130183,67],{"class":66},[56,130185,34218],{"class":237},[56,130187,241],{"class":66},[14,130189,130190],{},[3205,130191,130],{},[47,130193,130195],{"className":49,"code":130194,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"two comes after one.\n",[18,130196,130197],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130198,130199,130202],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130200,130201],{"class":284},"two comes after one",[56,130203,121911],{"class":66},[14,130205,130206,130207,130209],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[18,130208,3255],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[42,130211,130213],{"id":130212},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[14,130215,130216,130217,497],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[18,130218,130219],{},"{name}",[14,130221,130222,130223,971],{},"You pass matching names into ",[18,130224,125882],{},[47,130226,130228],{"className":49,"code":130227,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130229,130230,130282],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130231,130232,130234,130236,130238,130240,130242,130245,130248,130250,130252,130254,130256,130258,130260,130262,130264,130266,130268,130270,130272,130274,130276,130278,130280],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130233,34197],{"class":284},[56,130235,288],{"class":75},[56,130237,1448],{"class":937},[56,130239,129586],{"class":941},[56,130241,130219],{"class":79},[56,130243,130244],{"class":941}," and I live in ",[56,130246,130247],{"class":79},"{city}",[56,130249,497],{"class":941},[56,130251,938],{"class":937},[56,130253,497],{"class":66},[56,130255,129602],{"class":237},[56,130257,67],{"class":66},[56,130259,7149],{"class":8663},[56,130261,288],{"class":75},[56,130263,938],{"class":937},[56,130265,12376],{"class":941},[56,130267,938],{"class":937},[56,130269,1080],{"class":66},[56,130271,30892],{"class":8663},[56,130273,288],{"class":75},[56,130275,938],{"class":937},[56,130277,15530],{"class":941},[56,130279,938],{"class":937},[56,130281,241],{"class":66},[56,130283,130284,130286,130288,130290],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,130285,63],{"class":62},[56,130287,67],{"class":66},[56,130289,34218],{"class":237},[56,130291,241],{"class":66},[14,130293,130294],{},[3205,130295,130],{},[47,130297,130299],{"className":49,"code":130298,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[18,130300,130301],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130302,130303,130305,130307,130310,130312,130315,130317,130320],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130304,129636],{"class":284},[56,130306,11688],{"class":75},[56,130308,130309],{"class":284}," Ana ",[56,130311,129644],{"class":75},[56,130313,130314],{"class":284}," I live ",[56,130316,3348],{"class":75},[56,130318,130319],{"class":284}," Lima",[56,130321,121911],{"class":66},[14,130323,130324],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[26,130326,130327,130330,130333],{},[29,130328,130329],{},"they make code easier to read",[29,130331,130332],{},"they help when a string has many values",[29,130334,130335],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[14,130337,274],{},[47,130339,130341],{"className":49,"code":130340,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[18,130342,130343,130395],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130344,130345,130348,130350,130352,130355,130358,130361,130364,130366,130368,130370,130372,130374,130376,130378,130381,130383,130385,130388,130390,130393],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130346,130347],{"class":284},"report ",[56,130349,288],{"class":75},[56,130351,1448],{"class":937},[56,130353,130354],{"class":941},"Student: ",[56,130356,130357],{"class":79},"{student}",[56,130359,130360],{"class":941},", Score: ",[56,130362,130363],{"class":79},"{score}",[56,130365,938],{"class":937},[56,130367,497],{"class":66},[56,130369,129602],{"class":237},[56,130371,67],{"class":66},[56,130373,13123],{"class":8663},[56,130375,288],{"class":75},[56,130377,938],{"class":937},[56,130379,130380],{"class":941},"Noah",[56,130382,938],{"class":937},[56,130384,1080],{"class":66},[56,130386,130387],{"class":8663}," score",[56,130389,288],{"class":75},[56,130391,130392],{"class":79},"95",[56,130394,241],{"class":66},[56,130396,130397,130399,130401,130403],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,130398,63],{"class":62},[56,130400,67],{"class":66},[56,130402,127592],{"class":237},[56,130404,241],{"class":66},[14,130406,130407],{},[3205,130408,130],{},[47,130410,130412],{"className":49,"code":130411,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[18,130413,130414],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130415,130416,130419,130421,130424,130426,130429,130431],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130417,130418],{"class":284},"Student",[56,130420,971],{"class":66},[56,130422,130423],{"class":284}," Noah",[56,130425,1080],{"class":66},[56,130427,130428],{"class":284}," Score",[56,130430,971],{"class":66},[56,130432,130433],{"class":79}," 95\n",[14,130435,130436,130437,497],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[372,130438,3031,130439,1610],{"href":41691},[18,130440,47202],{},[42,130442,130444],{"id":130443},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[14,130446,130447,130449],{},[18,130448,125882],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[14,130451,130452,130453,130456],{},"A common example is ",[18,130454,130455],{},":.2f",", which means:",[26,130458,130459,130462],{},[29,130460,130461],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[29,130463,130464],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[14,130466,274],{},[47,130468,130470],{"className":49,"code":130469,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[18,130471,130472,130480,130509],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130473,130474,130476,130478],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130475,39902],{"class":284},[56,130477,288],{"class":75},[56,130479,48795],{"class":79},[56,130481,130482,130484,130486,130488,130491,130493,130495,130497,130499,130501,130503,130505,130507],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,130483,34197],{"class":284},[56,130485,288],{"class":75},[56,130487,1448],{"class":937},[56,130489,130490],{"class":941},"Price: $",[56,130492,8766],{"class":79},[56,130494,130455],{"class":124},[56,130496,21806],{"class":79},[56,130498,938],{"class":937},[56,130500,497],{"class":66},[56,130502,129602],{"class":237},[56,130504,67],{"class":66},[56,130506,24654],{"class":237},[56,130508,241],{"class":66},[56,130510,130511,130513,130515,130517],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,130512,63],{"class":62},[56,130514,67],{"class":66},[56,130516,34218],{"class":237},[56,130518,241],{"class":66},[14,130520,130521],{},[3205,130522,130],{},[47,130524,130526],{"className":49,"code":130525,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Price: $3.50\n",[18,130527,130528],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130529,130530,130533,130535,130538],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130531,130532],{"class":284},"Price",[56,130534,971],{"class":66},[56,130536,130537],{"class":36880}," $",[56,130539,130540],{"class":79},"3.50\n",[14,130542,51600],{},[47,130544,130546],{"className":49,"code":130545,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[18,130547,130548,130558],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130549,130550,130553,130555],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130551,130552],{"class":284},"average ",[56,130554,288],{"class":75},[56,130556,130557],{"class":79}," 91.236\n",[56,130559,130560,130562,130564,130566,130569,130571,130573,130575,130577,130579,130581,130583,130586],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,130561,63],{"class":62},[56,130563,67],{"class":66},[56,130565,938],{"class":937},[56,130567,130568],{"class":941},"Average: ",[56,130570,8766],{"class":79},[56,130572,130455],{"class":124},[56,130574,21806],{"class":79},[56,130576,938],{"class":937},[56,130578,497],{"class":66},[56,130580,129602],{"class":237},[56,130582,67],{"class":66},[56,130584,130585],{"class":237},"average",[56,130587,83],{"class":66},[14,130589,130590],{},[3205,130591,130],{},[47,130593,130595],{"className":49,"code":130594,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Average: 91.24\n",[18,130596,130597],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130598,130599,130602,130604],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130600,130601],{"class":284},"Average",[56,130603,971],{"class":66},[56,130605,130606],{"class":79}," 91.24\n",[14,130608,130609],{},"This is useful for:",[26,130611,130612,130614,130617],{},[29,130613,82608],{},[29,130615,130616],{},"averages",[29,130618,130619],{},"percentages",[14,130621,130622,130623,497],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[372,130624,3031,130625,378],{"href":45967},[18,130626,45970],{},[42,130628,16919],{"id":16918},[14,130630,130631,92045],{},[18,130632,125882],{},[14,130634,130635],{},"That means you can:",[26,130637,130638,130641,130644],{},[29,130639,130640],{},"save it in a variable",[29,130642,130643],{},"print it directly",[29,130645,130646],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[14,130648,274],{},[47,130650,130652],{"className":49,"code":130651,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[18,130653,130654,130685,130695],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130655,130656,130658,130660,130662,130664,130666,130668,130670,130672,130674,130676,130678,130681,130683],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130657,89531],{"class":284},[56,130659,288],{"class":75},[56,130661,1448],{"class":937},[56,130663,44419],{"class":941},[56,130665,3255],{"class":79},[56,130667,89372],{"class":941},[56,130669,938],{"class":937},[56,130671,497],{"class":66},[56,130673,129602],{"class":237},[56,130675,67],{"class":66},[56,130677,938],{"class":937},[56,130679,130680],{"class":941},"Chris",[56,130682,938],{"class":937},[56,130684,241],{"class":66},[56,130686,130687,130689,130691,130693],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,130688,63],{"class":62},[56,130690,67],{"class":66},[56,130692,89548],{"class":237},[56,130694,241],{"class":66},[56,130696,130697,130699,130701,130703,130705,130707],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,130698,63],{"class":62},[56,130700,67],{"class":66},[56,130702,1314],{"class":989},[56,130704,67],{"class":66},[56,130706,89548],{"class":237},[56,130708,83],{"class":66},[14,130710,130711],{},[3205,130712,130],{},[47,130714,130716],{"className":49,"code":130715,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[18,130717,130718,130727],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130719,130720,130722,130724],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130721,34377],{"class":284},[56,130723,1080],{"class":66},[56,130725,130726],{"class":284}," Chris!\n",[56,130728,130729,130731,130733,130735,130737,130739],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,130730,1383],{"class":75},[56,130732,1386],{"class":124},[56,130734,1389],{"class":937},[56,130736,1540],{"class":941},[56,130738,1394],{"class":937},[56,130740,1397],{"class":75},[14,130742,130743],{},"The original string is not changed.",[42,130745,130747,130749],{"id":130746},"format-vs-f-strings",[18,130748,125882],{}," vs f-strings",[14,130751,130752,130754],{},[18,130753,125882],{}," is a string method.",[14,130756,130757],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[14,130759,45558,130760,971],{},[18,130761,125882],{},[47,130763,130765],{"className":49,"code":130764,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[18,130766,130767,130780],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130768,130769,130771,130773,130775,130778],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130770,7359],{"class":284},[56,130772,288],{"class":75},[56,130774,1448],{"class":937},[56,130776,130777],{"class":941},"Rita",[56,130779,1454],{"class":937},[56,130781,130782,130784,130786,130788,130790,130792,130794,130796,130798,130800,130802,130804],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,130783,63],{"class":62},[56,130785,67],{"class":66},[56,130787,938],{"class":937},[56,130789,44419],{"class":941},[56,130791,3255],{"class":79},[56,130793,89372],{"class":941},[56,130795,938],{"class":937},[56,130797,497],{"class":66},[56,130799,129602],{"class":237},[56,130801,67],{"class":66},[56,130803,7149],{"class":237},[56,130805,83],{"class":66},[14,130807,130808],{},"Example with an f-string:",[47,130810,130812],{"className":49,"code":130811,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[18,130813,130814,130826],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130815,130816,130818,130820,130822,130824],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130817,7359],{"class":284},[56,130819,288],{"class":75},[56,130821,1448],{"class":937},[56,130823,130777],{"class":941},[56,130825,1454],{"class":937},[56,130827,130828,130830,130832,130834,130836,130838,130840,130842,130845],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,130829,63],{"class":62},[56,130831,67],{"class":66},[56,130833,21797],{"class":124},[56,130835,42863],{"class":941},[56,130837,8766],{"class":79},[56,130839,7149],{"class":237},[56,130841,21806],{"class":79},[56,130843,130844],{"class":941},"!\"",[56,130846,241],{"class":66},[14,130848,130849],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[14,130851,130852,130853,130855,130856,497],{},"This page focuses on how ",[18,130854,125882],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[372,130857,89217],{"href":89216},[42,130859,912],{"id":911},[14,130861,130862,130863,497],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[18,130864,125882],{},[615,130866,130868],{"id":130867},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[14,130870,130871],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[47,130873,130875],{"className":49,"code":130874,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130876,130877,130910],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130878,130879,130881,130883,130885,130887,130889,130892,130894,130896,130898,130900,130902,130904,130906,130908],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130880,34197],{"class":284},[56,130882,288],{"class":75},[56,130884,1448],{"class":937},[56,130886,44419],{"class":941},[56,130888,3255],{"class":79},[56,130890,130891],{"class":79}," {}",[56,130893,89372],{"class":941},[56,130895,938],{"class":937},[56,130897,497],{"class":66},[56,130899,129602],{"class":237},[56,130901,67],{"class":66},[56,130903,938],{"class":937},[56,130905,7158],{"class":941},[56,130907,938],{"class":937},[56,130909,241],{"class":66},[56,130911,130912,130914,130916,130918],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,130913,63],{"class":62},[56,130915,67],{"class":66},[56,130917,34218],{"class":237},[56,130919,241],{"class":66},[14,130921,130922],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[14,130924,130925],{},"Fixed version:",[47,130927,130929],{"className":49,"code":130928,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130930,130931,130972],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,130932,130933,130935,130937,130939,130941,130943,130945,130947,130949,130951,130953,130955,130957,130959,130961,130963,130965,130968,130970],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,130934,34197],{"class":284},[56,130936,288],{"class":75},[56,130938,1448],{"class":937},[56,130940,44419],{"class":941},[56,130942,3255],{"class":79},[56,130944,130891],{"class":79},[56,130946,89372],{"class":941},[56,130948,938],{"class":937},[56,130950,497],{"class":66},[56,130952,129602],{"class":237},[56,130954,67],{"class":66},[56,130956,938],{"class":937},[56,130958,7158],{"class":941},[56,130960,938],{"class":937},[56,130962,1080],{"class":66},[56,130964,1448],{"class":937},[56,130966,130967],{"class":941},"Lee",[56,130969,938],{"class":937},[56,130971,241],{"class":66},[56,130973,130974,130976,130978,130980],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,130975,63],{"class":62},[56,130977,67],{"class":66},[56,130979,34218],{"class":237},[56,130981,241],{"class":66},[615,130983,130985],{"id":130984},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[14,130987,130988,130989,497],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[18,130990,125882],{},[14,130992,130993],{},"Problem:",[47,130995,130997],{"className":49,"code":130996,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,130998,130999,131033],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131000,131001,131003,131005,131007,131009,131011,131013,131015,131017,131019,131021,131023,131025,131027,131029,131031],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131002,34197],{"class":284},[56,131004,288],{"class":75},[56,131006,1448],{"class":937},[56,131008,44419],{"class":941},[56,131010,130219],{"class":79},[56,131012,89372],{"class":941},[56,131014,938],{"class":937},[56,131016,497],{"class":66},[56,131018,129602],{"class":237},[56,131020,67],{"class":66},[56,131022,7468],{"class":8663},[56,131024,288],{"class":75},[56,131026,938],{"class":937},[56,131028,7158],{"class":941},[56,131030,938],{"class":937},[56,131032,241],{"class":66},[56,131034,131035,131037,131039,131041],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,131036,63],{"class":62},[56,131038,67],{"class":66},[56,131040,34218],{"class":237},[56,131042,241],{"class":66},[14,131044,130925],{},[47,131046,131048],{"className":49,"code":131047,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131049,131050,131084],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131051,131052,131054,131056,131058,131060,131062,131064,131066,131068,131070,131072,131074,131076,131078,131080,131082],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131053,34197],{"class":284},[56,131055,288],{"class":75},[56,131057,1448],{"class":937},[56,131059,44419],{"class":941},[56,131061,130219],{"class":79},[56,131063,89372],{"class":941},[56,131065,938],{"class":937},[56,131067,497],{"class":66},[56,131069,129602],{"class":237},[56,131071,67],{"class":66},[56,131073,7149],{"class":8663},[56,131075,288],{"class":75},[56,131077,938],{"class":937},[56,131079,7158],{"class":941},[56,131081,938],{"class":937},[56,131083,241],{"class":66},[56,131085,131086,131088,131090,131092],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,131087,63],{"class":62},[56,131089,67],{"class":66},[56,131091,34218],{"class":237},[56,131093,241],{"class":66},[615,131095,7938,131097,131099],{"id":131096},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[18,131098,125882],{}," to change the original string",[14,131101,131102,131104],{},[18,131103,125882],{}," does not modify the original string.",[14,131106,130993],{},[47,131108,131110],{"className":49,"code":131109,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131111,131112,131126,131144],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131113,131114,131116,131118,131120,131122,131124],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131115,34197],{"class":284},[56,131117,288],{"class":75},[56,131119,1448],{"class":937},[56,131121,44419],{"class":941},[56,131123,3255],{"class":79},[56,131125,1454],{"class":937},[56,131127,131128,131130,131132,131134,131136,131138,131140,131142],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,131129,34218],{"class":284},[56,131131,497],{"class":66},[56,131133,129602],{"class":237},[56,131135,67],{"class":66},[56,131137,938],{"class":937},[56,131139,7158],{"class":941},[56,131141,938],{"class":937},[56,131143,241],{"class":66},[56,131145,131146,131148,131150,131152],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,131147,63],{"class":62},[56,131149,67],{"class":66},[56,131151,34218],{"class":237},[56,131153,241],{"class":66},[14,131155,131156],{},[3205,131157,130],{},[47,131159,131161],{"className":49,"code":131160,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Hello, {}\n",[18,131162,131163],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131164,131165,131167,131169],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131166,34377],{"class":284},[56,131168,1080],{"class":66},[56,131170,9327],{"class":66},[14,131172,130925],{},[47,131174,131176],{"className":49,"code":131175,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,131177,131178,131192,131214],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131179,131180,131182,131184,131186,131188,131190],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131181,34197],{"class":284},[56,131183,288],{"class":75},[56,131185,1448],{"class":937},[56,131187,44419],{"class":941},[56,131189,3255],{"class":79},[56,131191,1454],{"class":937},[56,131193,131194,131196,131198,131200,131202,131204,131206,131208,131210,131212],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,131195,34197],{"class":284},[56,131197,288],{"class":75},[56,131199,42358],{"class":284},[56,131201,497],{"class":66},[56,131203,129602],{"class":237},[56,131205,67],{"class":66},[56,131207,938],{"class":937},[56,131209,7158],{"class":941},[56,131211,938],{"class":937},[56,131213,241],{"class":66},[56,131215,131216,131218,131220,131222],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,131217,63],{"class":62},[56,131219,67],{"class":66},[56,131221,34218],{"class":237},[56,131223,241],{"class":66},[615,131225,4175,131227,131229],{"id":131226},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[18,131228,125882],{}," returns a new string",[14,131231,131232],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[615,131234,131236],{"id":131235},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[14,131238,131239],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[14,131241,131242,131243,131245],{},"Use simple ",[18,131244,3255],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[14,131247,131248,131249,497],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[372,131250,89930],{"href":89929},[42,131252,67419],{"id":67418},[14,131254,131255],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[47,131257,131259],{"className":49,"code":131258,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[18,131260,131261,131271,131285,131314],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131262,131263,131265,131267,131269],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131264,63],{"class":62},[56,131266,67],{"class":66},[56,131268,34218],{"class":237},[56,131270,241],{"class":66},[56,131272,131273,131275,131277,131279,131281,131283],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,131274,63],{"class":62},[56,131276,67],{"class":66},[56,131278,1314],{"class":989},[56,131280,67],{"class":66},[56,131282,551],{"class":237},[56,131284,83],{"class":66},[56,131286,131287,131289,131291,131293,131296,131298,131300,131302,131304,131306,131308,131310,131312],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,131288,63],{"class":62},[56,131290,67],{"class":66},[56,131292,938],{"class":937},[56,131294,131295],{"class":941},"Hello ",[56,131297,3255],{"class":79},[56,131299,938],{"class":937},[56,131301,497],{"class":66},[56,131303,129602],{"class":237},[56,131305,67],{"class":66},[56,131307,938],{"class":937},[56,131309,7158],{"class":941},[56,131311,938],{"class":937},[56,131313,83],{"class":66},[56,131315,131316,131318,131320,131322,131324,131326],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,131317,31660],{"class":62},[56,131319,67],{"class":66},[56,131321,1540],{"class":989},[56,131323,497],{"class":66},[56,131325,129602],{"class":24254},[56,131327,241],{"class":66},[14,131329,131330],{},"Use them to check:",[26,131332,131333,131336,131339,131342],{},[29,131334,131335],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[29,131337,131338],{},"what type your value has",[29,131340,131341],{},"whether a small test example works",[29,131343,131344,131345],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[18,131346,131347],{},"str.format",[42,131349,1553],{"id":1552},[615,131351,129383,131353,12211],{"id":131352},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[18,131354,125882],{},[14,131356,131357],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[615,131359,131361],{"id":131360},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[14,131363,131364,131365,131367],{},"No. You can use plain ",[18,131366,3255],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[615,131369,131371,131372,571],{"id":131370},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[18,131373,125882],{},[14,131375,131376,131377,131380],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[18,131378,131379],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[615,131382,14401,131384,131386],{"id":131383},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[18,131385,125882],{}," better than f-strings?",[14,131388,131389,131390,131392],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[18,131391,125882],{}," is still useful and common.",[42,131394,1601],{"id":1600},[26,131396,131397,131401,131405,131411,131417],{},[29,131398,131399],{},[372,131400,124634],{"href":50495},[29,131402,131403],{},[372,131404,90207],{"href":89216},[29,131406,131407],{},[372,131408,3031,131409,1610],{"href":45967},[18,131410,45970],{},[29,131412,131413],{},[372,131414,3031,131415,1610],{"href":41691},[18,131416,47202],{},[29,131418,131419],{},[372,131420,89930],{"href":89929},[1633,131422,131423],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":131425},[131426,131427,131429,131430,131431,131432,131433,131434,131436,131445,131446,131455],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":129669,"depth":86,"text":131428},"What the format() method does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":129950,"depth":86,"text":129951},{"id":130212,"depth":86,"text":130213},{"id":130443,"depth":86,"text":130444},{"id":16918,"depth":86,"text":16919},{"id":130746,"depth":86,"text":131435},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912,"children":131437},[131438,131439,131440,131442,131444],{"id":130867,"depth":102,"text":130868},{"id":130984,"depth":102,"text":130985},{"id":131096,"depth":102,"text":131441},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131226,"depth":102,"text":131443},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131235,"depth":102,"text":131236},{"id":67418,"depth":86,"text":67419},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":131447},[131448,131450,131451,131453],{"id":131352,"depth":102,"text":131449},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131360,"depth":102,"text":131361},{"id":131370,"depth":102,"text":131452},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131383,"depth":102,"text":131454},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129529,"description":131456},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131463,"title":131464,"body":131465,"description":132945,"extension":1665,"meta":132946,"navigation":316,"path":132947,"seo":132948,"stem":132949,"__hash__":132950},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131466,"toc":132917},[131467,131472,131477,131482,131484,131546,131553,131559,131564,131566,131582,131584,131655,131657,131671,131674,131724,131726,131728,131755,131758,131773,131776,131817,131820,131865,131872,131921,131923,131931,131933,131951,131953,132046,132054,132095,132100,132107,132113,132120,132123,132127,132228,132230,132252,132256,132309,132312,132315,132321,132328,132330,132369,132371,132389,132399,132406,132489,132492,132499,132506,132513,132517,132525,132571,132575,132584,132649,132654,132659,132670,132672,132677,132704,132706,132809,132812,132832,132834,132839,132842,132846,132850,132857,132866,132872,132875,132881,132883,132885,132914],[10,131468,122879,131470,10814],{"id":131469},"python-string-index-method",[18,131471,58490],{},[14,131473,122884,131474,131476],{},[18,131475,58490],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[14,131478,131479,131480,497],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[18,131481,40219],{},[42,131483,45],{"id":44},[47,131485,131487],{"className":49,"code":131486,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[18,131488,131489,131501,131523,131533,131537,131541],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131490,131491,131493,131495,131497,131499],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131492,34197],{"class":284},[56,131494,288],{"class":75},[56,131496,1448],{"class":937},[56,131498,59929],{"class":941},[56,131500,1454],{"class":937},[56,131502,131503,131505,131507,131509,131511,131513,131515,131517,131519,131521],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,131504,64443],{"class":284},[56,131506,288],{"class":75},[56,131508,42358],{"class":284},[56,131510,497],{"class":66},[56,131512,35357],{"class":237},[56,131514,67],{"class":66},[56,131516,938],{"class":937},[56,131518,60114],{"class":941},[56,131520,938],{"class":937},[56,131522,241],{"class":66},[56,131524,131525,131527,131529,131531],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,131526,63],{"class":62},[56,131528,67],{"class":66},[56,131530,64470],{"class":237},[56,131532,241],{"class":66},[56,131534,131535],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,131536,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,131538,131539],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,131540,90348],{"class":3123},[56,131542,131543],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,131544,131545],{"class":3123},"# 6\n",[14,131547,153,131548,131550,131551,497],{},[18,131549,58490],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[18,131552,40219],{},[42,131554,3138,131556,3141],{"id":131555},"what-strindex-does",[18,131557,131558],{},"str.index()",[14,131560,131561,131563],{},[18,131562,131558],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[14,131565,12548],{},[26,131567,131568,131571,131574,131577],{},[29,131569,131570],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[29,131572,131573],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[29,131575,131576],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[29,131578,29800,131579,131581],{},[18,131580,40219],{}," if the substring is not found",[14,131583,274],{},[47,131585,131587],{"className":49,"code":131586,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[18,131588,131589,131601,131605,131630],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131590,131591,131593,131595,131597,131599],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131592,34197],{"class":284},[56,131594,288],{"class":75},[56,131596,1448],{"class":937},[56,131598,3555],{"class":941},[56,131600,1454],{"class":937},[56,131602,131603],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,131604,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,131606,131607,131609,131611,131613,131615,131617,131619,131621,131623,131625,131627],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,131608,63],{"class":62},[56,131610,67],{"class":66},[56,131612,34218],{"class":237},[56,131614,497],{"class":66},[56,131616,35357],{"class":237},[56,131618,67],{"class":66},[56,131620,938],{"class":937},[56,131622,372],{"class":941},[56,131624,938],{"class":937},[56,131626,4836],{"class":66},[56,131628,131629],{"class":3123},"     # 1\n",[56,131631,131632,131634,131636,131638,131640,131642,131644,131646,131648,131650,131652],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,131633,63],{"class":62},[56,131635,67],{"class":66},[56,131637,34218],{"class":237},[56,131639,497],{"class":66},[56,131641,35357],{"class":237},[56,131643,67],{"class":66},[56,131645,938],{"class":937},[56,131647,122972],{"class":941},[56,131649,938],{"class":937},[56,131651,4836],{"class":66},[56,131653,131654],{"class":3123},"    # 2\n",[14,131656,244],{},[26,131658,131659,131665],{},[29,131660,131661,128092,131663],{},[18,131662,17597],{},[18,131664,1077],{},[29,131666,131667,128092,131669],{},[18,131668,128091],{},[18,131670,115],{},[14,131672,131673],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[47,131675,131677],{"className":49,"code":131676,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[18,131678,131679,131691,131695,131719],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131680,131681,131683,131685,131687,131689],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131682,34197],{"class":284},[56,131684,288],{"class":75},[56,131686,1448],{"class":937},[56,131688,34377],{"class":941},[56,131690,1454],{"class":937},[56,131692,131693],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,131694,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,131696,131697,131699,131701,131703,131705,131707,131709,131711,131713,131715,131717],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,131698,63],{"class":62},[56,131700,67],{"class":66},[56,131702,34218],{"class":237},[56,131704,497],{"class":66},[56,131706,35357],{"class":237},[56,131708,67],{"class":66},[56,131710,938],{"class":937},[56,131712,50711],{"class":941},[56,131714,938],{"class":937},[56,131716,4836],{"class":66},[56,131718,20270],{"class":3123},[56,131720,131721],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,131722,131723],{"class":3123},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[42,131725,220],{"id":219},[14,131727,223],{},[47,131729,131731],{"className":49,"code":131730,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,131732,131733],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131734,131735,131737,131739,131741,131743,131745,131747,131749,131751,131753],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131736,60697],{"class":284},[56,131738,497],{"class":66},[56,131740,35357],{"class":237},[56,131742,67],{"class":66},[56,131744,551],{"class":237},[56,131746,1080],{"class":66},[56,131748,35563],{"class":237},[56,131750,1080],{"class":66},[56,131752,64564],{"class":237},[56,131754,241],{"class":66},[14,131756,131757],{},"Parameters:",[26,131759,131760,131764,131768],{},[29,131761,131762,123071],{},[18,131763,551],{},[29,131765,131766,128138],{},[18,131767,35584],{},[29,131769,131770,131772],{},[18,131771,52181],{},": optional stopping position",[14,131774,131775],{},"You can use just the value:",[47,131777,131779],{"className":49,"code":131778,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[18,131780,131781,131793],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131782,131783,131785,131787,131789,131791],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131784,34197],{"class":284},[56,131786,288],{"class":75},[56,131788,1448],{"class":937},[56,131790,51],{"class":941},[56,131792,1454],{"class":937},[56,131794,131795,131797,131799,131801,131803,131805,131807,131809,131811,131813,131815],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,131796,63],{"class":62},[56,131798,67],{"class":66},[56,131800,34218],{"class":237},[56,131802,497],{"class":66},[56,131804,35357],{"class":237},[56,131806,67],{"class":66},[56,131808,938],{"class":937},[56,131810,62810],{"class":941},[56,131812,938],{"class":937},[56,131814,4836],{"class":66},[56,131816,50935],{"class":3123},[14,131818,131819],{},"Or include a start position:",[47,131821,131823],{"className":49,"code":131822,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[18,131824,131825,131837],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131826,131827,131829,131831,131833,131835],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131828,34197],{"class":284},[56,131830,288],{"class":75},[56,131832,1448],{"class":937},[56,131834,3555],{"class":941},[56,131836,1454],{"class":937},[56,131838,131839,131841,131843,131845,131847,131849,131851,131853,131855,131857,131859,131861,131863],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,131840,63],{"class":62},[56,131842,67],{"class":66},[56,131844,34218],{"class":237},[56,131846,497],{"class":66},[56,131848,35357],{"class":237},[56,131850,67],{"class":66},[56,131852,938],{"class":937},[56,131854,372],{"class":941},[56,131856,938],{"class":937},[56,131858,1080],{"class":66},[56,131860,1083],{"class":79},[56,131862,4836],{"class":66},[56,131864,50290],{"class":3123},[14,131866,131867,131868,3862,131870,971],{},"Or include both ",[18,131869,35584],{},[18,131871,52181],{},[47,131873,131875],{"className":49,"code":131874,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[18,131876,131877,131889],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131878,131879,131881,131883,131885,131887],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131880,34197],{"class":284},[56,131882,288],{"class":75},[56,131884,1448],{"class":937},[56,131886,3555],{"class":941},[56,131888,1454],{"class":937},[56,131890,131891,131893,131895,131897,131899,131901,131903,131905,131907,131909,131911,131913,131915,131917,131919],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,131892,63],{"class":62},[56,131894,67],{"class":66},[56,131896,34218],{"class":237},[56,131898,497],{"class":66},[56,131900,35357],{"class":237},[56,131902,67],{"class":66},[56,131904,938],{"class":937},[56,131906,372],{"class":941},[56,131908,938],{"class":937},[56,131910,1080],{"class":66},[56,131912,1083],{"class":79},[56,131914,1080],{"class":66},[56,131916,4075],{"class":79},[56,131918,4836],{"class":66},[56,131920,50290],{"class":3123},[42,131922,37534],{"id":37533},[14,131924,28214,131925,131927,131928,497],{},[18,131926,58490],{}," is a ",[3205,131929,131930],{},"zero-based index",[14,131932,168],{},[26,131934,131935,131941,131946],{},[29,131936,131937,131938,131940],{},"Index ",[18,131939,181],{}," is the first character",[29,131942,131937,131943,131945],{},[18,131944,1077],{}," is the second character",[29,131947,131937,131948,131950],{},[18,131949,115],{}," is the third character",[14,131952,274],{},[47,131954,131956],{"className":49,"code":131955,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[18,131957,131958,131970,131974,131998,132022],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,131959,131960,131962,131964,131966,131968],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,131961,34197],{"class":284},[56,131963,288],{"class":75},[56,131965,1448],{"class":937},[56,131967,36560],{"class":941},[56,131969,1454],{"class":937},[56,131971,131972],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,131973,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,131975,131976,131978,131980,131982,131984,131986,131988,131990,131992,131994,131996],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,131977,63],{"class":62},[56,131979,67],{"class":66},[56,131981,34218],{"class":237},[56,131983,497],{"class":66},[56,131985,35357],{"class":237},[56,131987,67],{"class":66},[56,131989,938],{"class":937},[56,131991,9228],{"class":941},[56,131993,938],{"class":937},[56,131995,4836],{"class":66},[56,131997,50767],{"class":3123},[56,131999,132000,132002,132004,132006,132008,132010,132012,132014,132016,132018,132020],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,132001,63],{"class":62},[56,132003,67],{"class":66},[56,132005,34218],{"class":237},[56,132007,497],{"class":66},[56,132009,35357],{"class":237},[56,132011,67],{"class":66},[56,132013,938],{"class":937},[56,132015,372],{"class":941},[56,132017,938],{"class":937},[56,132019,4836],{"class":66},[56,132021,27285],{"class":3123},[56,132023,132024,132026,132028,132030,132032,132034,132036,132038,132040,132042,132044],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,132025,63],{"class":62},[56,132027,67],{"class":66},[56,132029,34218],{"class":237},[56,132031,497],{"class":66},[56,132033,35357],{"class":237},[56,132035,67],{"class":66},[56,132037,938],{"class":937},[56,132039,62810],{"class":941},[56,132041,938],{"class":937},[56,132043,4836],{"class":66},[56,132045,50935],{"class":3123},[14,132047,132048,132050,132051,132053],{},[18,132049,58490],{}," returns only the ",[3205,132052,29415],{}," matching position.",[47,132055,132057],{"className":49,"code":132056,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[18,132058,132059,132071],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132060,132061,132063,132065,132067,132069],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132062,34197],{"class":284},[56,132064,288],{"class":75},[56,132066,1448],{"class":937},[56,132068,3555],{"class":941},[56,132070,1454],{"class":937},[56,132072,132073,132075,132077,132079,132081,132083,132085,132087,132089,132091,132093],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,132074,63],{"class":62},[56,132076,67],{"class":66},[56,132078,34218],{"class":237},[56,132080,497],{"class":66},[56,132082,35357],{"class":237},[56,132084,67],{"class":66},[56,132086,938],{"class":937},[56,132088,372],{"class":941},[56,132090,938],{"class":937},[56,132092,4836],{"class":66},[56,132094,27285],{"class":3123},[14,132096,20480,132097,132099],{},[18,132098,17597],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[14,132101,132102,132103,497],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[372,132104,132105,10231],{"href":124329},[18,132106,58112],{},[42,132108,7902,132109,3862,132111],{"id":64930},[18,132110,35584],{},[18,132112,52181],{},[14,132114,16,132115,3862,132117,132119],{},[18,132116,35584],{},[18,132118,52181],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[14,132121,132122],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[14,132124,45558,132125,971],{},[18,132126,35584],{},[47,132128,132130],{"className":49,"code":132129,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[18,132131,132132,132144,132148,132172,132200],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132133,132134,132136,132138,132140,132142],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132135,34197],{"class":284},[56,132137,288],{"class":75},[56,132139,1448],{"class":937},[56,132141,3555],{"class":941},[56,132143,1454],{"class":937},[56,132145,132146],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,132147,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,132149,132150,132152,132154,132156,132158,132160,132162,132164,132166,132168,132170],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,132151,63],{"class":62},[56,132153,67],{"class":66},[56,132155,34218],{"class":237},[56,132157,497],{"class":66},[56,132159,35357],{"class":237},[56,132161,67],{"class":66},[56,132163,938],{"class":937},[56,132165,372],{"class":941},[56,132167,938],{"class":937},[56,132169,4836],{"class":66},[56,132171,50640],{"class":3123},[56,132173,132174,132176,132178,132180,132182,132184,132186,132188,132190,132192,132194,132196,132198],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,132175,63],{"class":62},[56,132177,67],{"class":66},[56,132179,34218],{"class":237},[56,132181,497],{"class":66},[56,132183,35357],{"class":237},[56,132185,67],{"class":66},[56,132187,938],{"class":937},[56,132189,372],{"class":941},[56,132191,938],{"class":937},[56,132193,1080],{"class":66},[56,132195,1083],{"class":79},[56,132197,4836],{"class":66},[56,132199,50489],{"class":3123},[56,132201,132202,132204,132206,132208,132210,132212,132214,132216,132218,132220,132222,132224,132226],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,132203,63],{"class":62},[56,132205,67],{"class":66},[56,132207,34218],{"class":237},[56,132209,497],{"class":66},[56,132211,35357],{"class":237},[56,132213,67],{"class":66},[56,132215,938],{"class":937},[56,132217,372],{"class":941},[56,132219,938],{"class":937},[56,132221,1080],{"class":66},[56,132223,535],{"class":79},[56,132225,4836],{"class":66},[56,132227,50273],{"class":3123},[14,132229,19459],{},[26,132231,132232,132239,132245],{},[29,132233,132234,132235,65120,132237],{},"The first search finds the first ",[18,132236,17597],{},[18,132238,1077],{},[29,132240,132241,132242,132244],{},"Starting at index ",[18,132243,115],{}," skips that first match",[29,132246,132241,132247,132249,132250],{},[18,132248,584],{}," finds the last ",[18,132251,17597],{},[14,132253,45558,132254,971],{},[18,132255,52181],{},[47,132257,132259],{"className":49,"code":132258,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[18,132260,132261,132273,132277],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132262,132263,132265,132267,132269,132271],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132264,34197],{"class":284},[56,132266,288],{"class":75},[56,132268,1448],{"class":937},[56,132270,3555],{"class":941},[56,132272,1454],{"class":937},[56,132274,132275],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,132276,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,132278,132279,132281,132283,132285,132287,132289,132291,132293,132295,132297,132299,132301,132303,132305,132307],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,132280,63],{"class":62},[56,132282,67],{"class":66},[56,132284,34218],{"class":237},[56,132286,497],{"class":66},[56,132288,35357],{"class":237},[56,132290,67],{"class":66},[56,132292,938],{"class":937},[56,132294,75554],{"class":941},[56,132296,938],{"class":937},[56,132298,1080],{"class":66},[56,132300,3297],{"class":79},[56,132302,1080],{"class":66},[56,132304,535],{"class":79},[56,132306,4836],{"class":66},[56,132308,50935],{"class":3123},[14,132310,132311],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[14,132313,132314],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[42,132316,43730,132318,132320],{"id":132317},"when-index-causes-an-error",[18,132319,58490],{}," causes an error",[14,132322,132323,132324,52015,132326,497],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[18,132325,58490],{},[18,132327,40219],{},[14,132329,274],{},[47,132331,132333],{"className":49,"code":132332,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[18,132334,132335,132347],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132336,132337,132339,132341,132343,132345],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132338,34197],{"class":284},[56,132340,288],{"class":75},[56,132342,1448],{"class":937},[56,132344,3309],{"class":941},[56,132346,1454],{"class":937},[56,132348,132349,132351,132353,132355,132357,132359,132361,132363,132365,132367],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,132350,63],{"class":62},[56,132352,67],{"class":66},[56,132354,34218],{"class":237},[56,132356,497],{"class":66},[56,132358,35357],{"class":237},[56,132360,67],{"class":66},[56,132362,938],{"class":937},[56,132364,21580],{"class":941},[56,132366,938],{"class":937},[56,132368,83],{"class":66},[14,132370,130],{},[47,132372,132374],{"className":49,"code":132373,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[18,132375,132376],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132377,132378,132380,132382,132385,132387],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132379,40219],{"class":989},[56,132381,971],{"class":66},[56,132383,132384],{"class":284}," substring ",[56,132386,4101],{"class":75},[56,132388,65353],{"class":284},[14,132390,52862,132391,125845,132396,132398],{},[372,132392,132393],{"href":129523},[18,132394,132395],{},"str.find()",[18,132397,65378],{}," instead of raising an error.",[14,132400,132401,132402,3862,132404,971],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[18,132403,29310],{},[18,132405,29341],{},[47,132407,132409],{"className":49,"code":132408,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[18,132410,132411,132423,132427,132433,132456,132466,132474],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132412,132413,132415,132417,132419,132421],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132414,34197],{"class":284},[56,132416,288],{"class":75},[56,132418,1448],{"class":937},[56,132420,3309],{"class":941},[56,132422,1454],{"class":937},[56,132424,132425],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,132426,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,132428,132429,132431],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,132430,29310],{"class":3341},[56,132432,5871],{"class":66},[56,132434,132435,132438,132440,132442,132444,132446,132448,132450,132452,132454],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,132436,132437],{"class":284},"    position ",[56,132439,288],{"class":75},[56,132441,42358],{"class":284},[56,132443,497],{"class":66},[56,132445,35357],{"class":237},[56,132447,67],{"class":66},[56,132449,938],{"class":937},[56,132451,21580],{"class":941},[56,132453,938],{"class":937},[56,132455,241],{"class":66},[56,132457,132458,132460,132462,132464],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,132459,7552],{"class":62},[56,132461,67],{"class":66},[56,132463,64470],{"class":237},[56,132465,241],{"class":66},[56,132467,132468,132470,132472],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,132469,29341],{"class":3341},[56,132471,41442],{"class":989},[56,132473,5871],{"class":66},[56,132475,132476,132478,132480,132482,132485,132487],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,132477,7552],{"class":62},[56,132479,67],{"class":66},[56,132481,938],{"class":937},[56,132483,132484],{"class":941},"Substring not found",[56,132486,938],{"class":937},[56,132488,241],{"class":66},[14,132490,132491],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[14,132493,41462,132494,497],{},[372,132495,25184,132497],{"href":132496},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[18,132498,128850],{},[42,132500,132502,10075,132504],{"id":132501},"index-vs-find",[18,132503,58490],{},[18,132505,123874],{},[14,132507,132508,3862,132510,132512],{},[18,132509,58490],{},[18,132511,123874],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[615,132514,132515],{"id":35357},[18,132516,58490],{},[26,132518,132519,132522],{},[29,132520,132521],{},"Returns the first match position",[29,132523,132524],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[47,132526,132528],{"className":49,"code":132527,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[18,132529,132530,132542,132566],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132531,132532,132534,132536,132538,132540],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132533,34197],{"class":284},[56,132535,288],{"class":75},[56,132537,1448],{"class":937},[56,132539,3309],{"class":941},[56,132541,1454],{"class":937},[56,132543,132544,132546,132548,132550,132552,132554,132556,132558,132560,132562,132564],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,132545,63],{"class":62},[56,132547,67],{"class":66},[56,132549,34218],{"class":237},[56,132551,497],{"class":66},[56,132553,35357],{"class":237},[56,132555,67],{"class":66},[56,132557,938],{"class":937},[56,132559,59970],{"class":941},[56,132561,938],{"class":937},[56,132563,4836],{"class":66},[56,132565,27285],{"class":3123},[56,132567,132568],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,132569,132570],{"class":3123},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[615,132572,132573],{"id":127904},[18,132574,123874],{},[26,132576,132577,132579],{},[29,132578,132521],{},[29,132580,10916,132581,132583],{},[18,132582,65378],{}," if nothing is found",[47,132585,132587],{"className":49,"code":132586,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[18,132588,132589,132601,132625],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132590,132591,132593,132595,132597,132599],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132592,34197],{"class":284},[56,132594,288],{"class":75},[56,132596,1448],{"class":937},[56,132598,3309],{"class":941},[56,132600,1454],{"class":937},[56,132602,132603,132605,132607,132609,132611,132613,132615,132617,132619,132621,132623],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,132604,63],{"class":62},[56,132606,67],{"class":66},[56,132608,34218],{"class":237},[56,132610,497],{"class":66},[56,132612,127904],{"class":237},[56,132614,67],{"class":66},[56,132616,938],{"class":937},[56,132618,59970],{"class":941},[56,132620,938],{"class":937},[56,132622,4836],{"class":66},[56,132624,27285],{"class":3123},[56,132626,132627,132629,132631,132633,132635,132637,132639,132641,132643,132645,132647],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,132628,63],{"class":62},[56,132630,67],{"class":66},[56,132632,34218],{"class":237},[56,132634,497],{"class":66},[56,132636,127904],{"class":237},[56,132638,67],{"class":66},[56,132640,938],{"class":937},[56,132642,21580],{"class":941},[56,132644,938],{"class":937},[56,132646,4836],{"class":66},[56,132648,128260],{"class":3123},[14,132650,153,132651,132653],{},[18,132652,58490],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[14,132655,153,132656,132658],{},[18,132657,123874],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[14,132660,132661,132662,964,132667,497],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[372,132663,132664,132666],{"href":129523},[18,132665,132395],{}," method reference",[372,132668,126915],{"href":132669},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[42,132671,912],{"id":911},[14,132673,132674,132675,971],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[18,132676,58490],{},[26,132678,132679,132682,132689,132694,132699],{},[29,132680,132681],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[29,132683,7938,132684,7941,132686,132688],{},[18,132685,58490],{},[18,132687,65378],{}," when no match exists",[29,132690,7902,132691,132693],{},[18,132692,58490],{}," on a value that may not be present",[29,132695,132696,132697],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[18,132698,1077],{},[29,132700,4049,132701,132703],{},[18,132702,58490],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[14,132705,61818],{},[47,132707,132709],{"className":49,"code":132708,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[18,132710,132711,132721,132735,132757,132779],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132712,132713,132715,132717,132719],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132714,63],{"class":62},[56,132716,67],{"class":66},[56,132718,34218],{"class":237},[56,132720,241],{"class":66},[56,132722,132723,132725,132727,132729,132731,132733],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,132724,63],{"class":62},[56,132726,67],{"class":66},[56,132728,41295],{"class":62},[56,132730,67],{"class":66},[56,132732,34218],{"class":237},[56,132734,83],{"class":66},[56,132736,132737,132739,132741,132743,132745,132747,132749,132751,132753,132755],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,132738,63],{"class":62},[56,132740,67],{"class":66},[56,132742,34218],{"class":237},[56,132744,497],{"class":66},[56,132746,35357],{"class":237},[56,132748,67],{"class":66},[56,132750,938],{"class":937},[56,132752,551],{"class":941},[56,132754,938],{"class":937},[56,132756,83],{"class":66},[56,132758,132759,132761,132763,132765,132767,132769,132771,132773,132775,132777],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,132760,63],{"class":62},[56,132762,67],{"class":66},[56,132764,34218],{"class":237},[56,132766,497],{"class":66},[56,132768,127904],{"class":237},[56,132770,67],{"class":66},[56,132772,938],{"class":937},[56,132774,551],{"class":941},[56,132776,938],{"class":937},[56,132778,83],{"class":66},[56,132780,132781,132783,132785,132787,132789,132791,132793,132795,132797,132799,132801,132803,132805,132807],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,132782,63],{"class":62},[56,132784,67],{"class":66},[56,132786,34218],{"class":237},[56,132788,497],{"class":66},[56,132790,35357],{"class":237},[56,132792,67],{"class":66},[56,132794,938],{"class":937},[56,132796,551],{"class":941},[56,132798,938],{"class":937},[56,132800,1080],{"class":66},[56,132802,35563],{"class":237},[56,132804,1080],{"class":66},[56,132806,64564],{"class":237},[56,132808,83],{"class":66},[14,132810,132811],{},"Tips:",[26,132813,132814,132819,132824,132827],{},[29,132815,153,132816,132818],{},[18,132817,125801],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[29,132820,153,132821,132823],{},[18,132822,123874],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[29,132825,132826],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[29,132828,132829,132830],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[18,132831,181],{},[42,132833,1553],{"id":1552},[615,132835,129383,132837,12211],{"id":132836},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[18,132838,58490],{},[14,132840,132841],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[615,132843,132845],{"id":132844},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[14,132847,76382,132848,497],{},[18,132849,40219],{},[615,132851,4653,132853,3862,132855,571],{"id":132852},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[18,132854,58490],{},[18,132856,123874],{},[14,132858,132859,132861,132862,473,132864,6110],{},[18,132860,58490],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[18,132863,123874],{},[18,132865,65378],{},[615,132867,4643,132869,132871],{"id":132868},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[18,132870,58490],{}," search for more than one character?",[14,132873,132874],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[615,132876,132878,132879,124215],{"id":132877},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[18,132880,58490],{},[14,132882,129408],{},[42,132884,1601],{"id":1600},[26,132886,132887,132893,132897,132902,132908],{},[29,132888,132889],{},[372,132890,132891,10231],{"href":129523},[18,132892,132395],{},[29,132894,132895],{},[372,132896,124278],{"href":132669},[29,132898,132899],{},[372,132900,129484],{"href":132901},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[29,132903,132904],{},[372,132905,132906,10231],{"href":124329},[18,132907,58112],{},[29,132909,132910],{},[372,132911,29854,132912],{"href":132496},[18,132913,128850],{},[1633,132915,132916],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":132918},[132919,132920,132922,132923,132924,132925,132927,132932,132933,132944],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":131555,"depth":86,"text":132921},"What str.index() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":37533,"depth":86,"text":37534},{"id":64930,"depth":86,"text":65713},{"id":132317,"depth":86,"text":132926},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132501,"depth":86,"text":132928,"children":132929},"index() vs find()",[132930,132931],{"id":35357,"depth":102,"text":58490},{"id":127904,"depth":102,"text":123874},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":132934},[132935,132937,132938,132940,132942],{"id":132836,"depth":102,"text":132936},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":132844,"depth":102,"text":132845},{"id":132852,"depth":102,"text":132939},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":132868,"depth":102,"text":132941},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":132877,"depth":102,"text":132943},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131464,"description":132945},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":132952,"title":132953,"body":132954,"description":135729,"extension":1665,"meta":135730,"navigation":316,"path":135731,"seo":135732,"stem":135733,"__hash__":135734},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":132955,"toc":135665},[132956,132962,132967,132970,132973,132984,132986,133055,133057,133071,133076,133081,133086,133088,133131,133133,133216,133218,133264,133270,133272,133274,133294,133296,133319,133321,133395,133397,133416,133421,133423,133427,133499,133501,133515,133519,133595,133597,133616,133620,133714,133716,133725,133732,133808,133810,133828,133832,133835,133842,133891,133893,133902,133909,133968,133970,133988,133991,133998,134057,134059,134077,134084,134141,134143,134152,134156,134161,134165,134224,134226,134244,134248,134295,134300,134303,134372,134374,134391,134398,134404,134459,134464,134467,134544,134546,134564,134570,134576,134636,134638,134657,134663,134666,134673,134726,134731,134733,134794,134803,134810,134812,134869,134874,134876,134947,134951,135006,135008,135017,135022,135028,135097,135099,135131,135137,135145,135152,135158,135223,135225,135234,135240,135321,135323,135332,135337,135351,135358,135362,135367,135395,135397,135530,135533,135570,135572,135578,135587,135592,135595,135600,135605,135611,135614,135623,135626,135628,135657,135662],[10,132957,122879,132959,10814],{"id":132958},"python-string-join-method",[18,132960,132961],{},"join()",[14,132963,122884,132964,132966],{},[18,132965,132961],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,132968,132969],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[14,132971,132972],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[26,132974,132975,132981],{},[29,132976,132977,132978,132980],{},"You call ",[18,132979,132961],{}," on the separator string",[29,132982,132983],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[42,132985,3065],{"id":3064},[47,132987,132989],{"className":49,"code":132988,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[18,132990,132991,133024,133045],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,132992,132993,132995,132997,132999,133001,133003,133005,133007,133009,133011,133013,133015,133017,133020,133022],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,132994,3537],{"class":284},[56,132996,288],{"class":75},[56,132998,3080],{"class":66},[56,133000,938],{"class":937},[56,133002,6777],{"class":941},[56,133004,938],{"class":937},[56,133006,1080],{"class":66},[56,133008,1448],{"class":937},[56,133010,11688],{"class":941},[56,133012,938],{"class":937},[56,133014,1080],{"class":66},[56,133016,1448],{"class":937},[56,133018,133019],{"class":941},"fun",[56,133021,938],{"class":937},[56,133023,3093],{"class":66},[56,133025,133026,133028,133030,133032,133034,133036,133039,133041,133043],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,133027,299],{"class":284},[56,133029,288],{"class":75},[56,133031,1448],{"class":937},[56,133033,1448],{"class":937},[56,133035,497],{"class":66},[56,133037,133038],{"class":237},"join",[56,133040,67],{"class":66},[56,133042,3581],{"class":237},[56,133044,241],{"class":66},[56,133046,133047,133049,133051,133053],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,133048,63],{"class":62},[56,133050,67],{"class":66},[56,133052,338],{"class":237},[56,133054,241],{"class":66},[14,133056,130],{},[47,133058,133060],{"className":49,"code":133059,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Python is fun\n",[18,133061,133062],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133063,133064,133066,133068],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133065,3031],{"class":284},[56,133067,11688],{"class":75},[56,133069,133070],{"class":284}," fun\n",[14,133072,153,133073,133075],{},[18,133074,132961],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[42,133077,3138,133079,3141],{"id":133078},"what-join-does",[18,133080,132961],{},[14,133082,133083,133085],{},[18,133084,132961],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133087,10951],{},[26,133089,133090,133097,133125,133128],{},[29,133091,133092,133093,133096],{},"It uses the string before ",[18,133094,133095],{},".join()"," as the separator",[29,133098,133099,133100],{},"Common separators are:\n",[26,133101,133102,133108,133114,133120],{},[29,133103,133104,133107],{},[18,133105,133106],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[29,133109,133110,133113],{},[18,133111,133112],{},"\", \""," for commas",[29,133115,133116,133119],{},[18,133117,133118],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[29,133121,133122,133124],{},[18,133123,5749],{}," for no separator",[29,133126,133127],{},"It returns a new string",[29,133129,133130],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[14,133132,274],{},[47,133134,133136],{"className":49,"code":133135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[18,133137,133138,133170,133192,133196,133206],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133139,133140,133142,133144,133146,133148,133150,133152,133154,133156,133158,133160,133162,133164,133166,133168],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133141,3537],{"class":284},[56,133143,288],{"class":75},[56,133145,3080],{"class":66},[56,133147,938],{"class":937},[56,133149,12589],{"class":941},[56,133151,938],{"class":937},[56,133153,1080],{"class":66},[56,133155,1448],{"class":937},[56,133157,16956],{"class":941},[56,133159,938],{"class":937},[56,133161,1080],{"class":66},[56,133163,1448],{"class":937},[56,133165,12606],{"class":941},[56,133167,938],{"class":937},[56,133169,3093],{"class":66},[56,133171,133172,133174,133176,133178,133180,133182,133184,133186,133188,133190],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,133173,299],{"class":284},[56,133175,288],{"class":75},[56,133177,1448],{"class":937},[56,133179,255],{"class":941},[56,133181,938],{"class":937},[56,133183,497],{"class":66},[56,133185,133038],{"class":237},[56,133187,67],{"class":66},[56,133189,3581],{"class":237},[56,133191,241],{"class":66},[56,133193,133194],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,133195,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,133197,133198,133200,133202,133204],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,133199,63],{"class":62},[56,133201,67],{"class":66},[56,133203,338],{"class":237},[56,133205,241],{"class":66},[56,133207,133208,133210,133212,133214],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,133209,63],{"class":62},[56,133211,67],{"class":66},[56,133213,3581],{"class":237},[56,133215,241],{"class":66},[14,133217,130],{},[47,133219,133221],{"className":49,"code":133220,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[18,133222,133223,133236],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133224,133225,133227,133229,133232,133234],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133226,12589],{"class":284},[56,133228,1080],{"class":66},[56,133230,133231],{"class":284}," green",[56,133233,1080],{"class":66},[56,133235,35392],{"class":284},[56,133237,133238,133240,133242,133244,133246,133248,133250,133252,133254,133256,133258,133260,133262],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,133239,3366],{"class":66},[56,133241,1394],{"class":937},[56,133243,12589],{"class":941},[56,133245,1394],{"class":937},[56,133247,1080],{"class":66},[56,133249,1389],{"class":937},[56,133251,16956],{"class":941},[56,133253,1394],{"class":937},[56,133255,1080],{"class":66},[56,133257,1389],{"class":937},[56,133259,12606],{"class":941},[56,133261,1394],{"class":937},[56,133263,3093],{"class":66},[14,133265,133266,133267,133269],{},"The list stays the same. ",[18,133268,132961],{}," creates a new string.",[42,133271,220],{"id":219},[14,133273,6698],{},[47,133275,133277],{"className":49,"code":133276,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[18,133278,133279],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133280,133281,133284,133286,133288,133290,133292],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133282,133283],{"class":284},"separator",[56,133285,497],{"class":66},[56,133287,133038],{"class":237},[56,133289,67],{"class":66},[56,133291,3182],{"class":237},[56,133293,241],{"class":66},[615,133295,48529],{"id":48528},[26,133297,133298,133311,133316],{},[29,133299,133300,133302,133303,255,133305,255,133307,259,133309],{},[18,133301,133283],{}," is a string such as ",[18,133304,133106],{},[18,133306,133112],{},[18,133308,133118],{},[18,133310,5749],{},[29,133312,133313,133315],{},[18,133314,3182],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[29,133317,133318],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[14,133320,274],{},[47,133322,133324],{"className":49,"code":133323,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133325,133326,133358,133381,133385],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133327,133328,133330,133332,133334,133336,133338,133340,133342,133344,133346,133348,133350,133352,133354,133356],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133329,4467],{"class":284},[56,133331,288],{"class":75},[56,133333,3080],{"class":66},[56,133335,938],{"class":937},[56,133337,12376],{"class":941},[56,133339,938],{"class":937},[56,133341,1080],{"class":66},[56,133343,1448],{"class":937},[56,133345,35452],{"class":941},[56,133347,938],{"class":937},[56,133349,1080],{"class":66},[56,133351,1448],{"class":937},[56,133353,35461],{"class":941},[56,133355,938],{"class":937},[56,133357,3093],{"class":66},[56,133359,133360,133362,133364,133366,133369,133371,133373,133375,133377,133379],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,133361,299],{"class":284},[56,133363,288],{"class":75},[56,133365,1448],{"class":937},[56,133367,133368],{"class":941}," | ",[56,133370,938],{"class":937},[56,133372,497],{"class":66},[56,133374,133038],{"class":237},[56,133376,67],{"class":66},[56,133378,4511],{"class":237},[56,133380,241],{"class":66},[56,133382,133383],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,133384,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,133386,133387,133389,133391,133393],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,133388,63],{"class":62},[56,133390,67],{"class":66},[56,133392,338],{"class":237},[56,133394,241],{"class":66},[14,133396,130],{},[47,133398,133400],{"className":49,"code":133399,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[18,133401,133402],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133403,133404,133407,133409,133412,133414],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133405,133406],{"class":284},"Ana ",[56,133408,113386],{"class":75},[56,133410,133411],{"class":284}," Ben ",[56,133413,113386],{"class":75},[56,133415,35533],{"class":284},[14,133417,133418,133419,497],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[372,133420,124634],{"href":50495},[42,133422,121410],{"id":121409},[615,133424,133426],{"id":133425},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[47,133428,133430],{"className":49,"code":133429,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133431,133432,133465,133485,133489],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133433,133434,133436,133438,133440,133442,133444,133446,133448,133450,133452,133454,133456,133458,133461,133463],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133435,3537],{"class":284},[56,133437,288],{"class":75},[56,133439,3080],{"class":66},[56,133441,938],{"class":937},[56,133443,6777],{"class":941},[56,133445,938],{"class":937},[56,133447,1080],{"class":66},[56,133449,1448],{"class":937},[56,133451,11688],{"class":941},[56,133453,938],{"class":937},[56,133455,1080],{"class":66},[56,133457,1448],{"class":937},[56,133459,133460],{"class":941},"easy",[56,133462,938],{"class":937},[56,133464,3093],{"class":66},[56,133466,133467,133469,133471,133473,133475,133477,133479,133481,133483],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,133468,299],{"class":284},[56,133470,288],{"class":75},[56,133472,1448],{"class":937},[56,133474,1448],{"class":937},[56,133476,497],{"class":66},[56,133478,133038],{"class":237},[56,133480,67],{"class":66},[56,133482,3581],{"class":237},[56,133484,241],{"class":66},[56,133486,133487],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,133488,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,133490,133491,133493,133495,133497],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,133492,63],{"class":62},[56,133494,67],{"class":66},[56,133496,338],{"class":237},[56,133498,241],{"class":66},[14,133500,130],{},[47,133502,133504],{"className":49,"code":133503,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Python is easy\n",[18,133505,133506],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133507,133508,133510,133512],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133509,3031],{"class":284},[56,133511,11688],{"class":75},[56,133513,133514],{"class":284}," easy\n",[615,133516,133518],{"id":133517},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[47,133520,133522],{"className":49,"code":133521,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133523,133524,133559,133581,133585],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133525,133526,133528,133530,133532,133534,133537,133539,133541,133543,133546,133548,133550,133552,133555,133557],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133527,7261],{"class":284},[56,133529,288],{"class":75},[56,133531,3080],{"class":66},[56,133533,938],{"class":937},[56,133535,133536],{"class":941},"apples",[56,133538,938],{"class":937},[56,133540,1080],{"class":66},[56,133542,1448],{"class":937},[56,133544,133545],{"class":941},"bananas",[56,133547,938],{"class":937},[56,133549,1080],{"class":66},[56,133551,1448],{"class":937},[56,133553,133554],{"class":941},"oranges",[56,133556,938],{"class":937},[56,133558,3093],{"class":66},[56,133560,133561,133563,133565,133567,133569,133571,133573,133575,133577,133579],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,133562,299],{"class":284},[56,133564,288],{"class":75},[56,133566,1448],{"class":937},[56,133568,255],{"class":941},[56,133570,938],{"class":937},[56,133572,497],{"class":66},[56,133574,133038],{"class":237},[56,133576,67],{"class":66},[56,133578,7292],{"class":237},[56,133580,241],{"class":66},[56,133582,133583],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,133584,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,133586,133587,133589,133591,133593],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,133588,63],{"class":62},[56,133590,67],{"class":66},[56,133592,338],{"class":237},[56,133594,241],{"class":66},[14,133596,130],{},[47,133598,133600],{"className":49,"code":133599,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[18,133601,133602],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133603,133604,133606,133608,133611,133613],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133605,133536],{"class":284},[56,133607,1080],{"class":66},[56,133609,133610],{"class":284}," bananas",[56,133612,1080],{"class":66},[56,133614,133615],{"class":284}," oranges\n",[615,133617,133619],{"id":133618},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[47,133621,133623],{"className":49,"code":133622,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,133624,133625,133682,133700,133704],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133626,133627,133629,133631,133633,133635,133638,133640,133642,133644,133646,133648,133650,133652,133654,133656,133658,133660,133662,133664,133666,133668,133670,133672,133674,133676,133678,133680],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133628,35602],{"class":284},[56,133630,288],{"class":75},[56,133632,3080],{"class":66},[56,133634,938],{"class":937},[56,133636,133637],{"class":941},"P",[56,133639,938],{"class":937},[56,133641,1080],{"class":66},[56,133643,1448],{"class":937},[56,133645,11239],{"class":941},[56,133647,938],{"class":937},[56,133649,1080],{"class":66},[56,133651,1448],{"class":937},[56,133653,62810],{"class":941},[56,133655,938],{"class":937},[56,133657,1080],{"class":66},[56,133659,1448],{"class":937},[56,133661,59961],{"class":941},[56,133663,938],{"class":937},[56,133665,1080],{"class":66},[56,133667,1448],{"class":937},[56,133669,59996],{"class":941},[56,133671,938],{"class":937},[56,133673,1080],{"class":66},[56,133675,1448],{"class":937},[56,133677,75554],{"class":941},[56,133679,938],{"class":937},[56,133681,3093],{"class":66},[56,133683,133684,133686,133688,133690,133692,133694,133696,133698],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,133685,299],{"class":284},[56,133687,288],{"class":75},[56,133689,5603],{"class":937},[56,133691,497],{"class":66},[56,133693,133038],{"class":237},[56,133695,67],{"class":66},[56,133697,35655],{"class":237},[56,133699,241],{"class":66},[56,133701,133702],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,133703,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,133705,133706,133708,133710,133712],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,133707,63],{"class":62},[56,133709,67],{"class":66},[56,133711,338],{"class":237},[56,133713,241],{"class":66},[14,133715,130],{},[47,133717,133719],{"className":49,"code":133718,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Python\n",[18,133720,133721],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133722,133723],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133724,133718],{"class":284},[615,133726,133728,133729,133731],{"id":133727},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[18,133730,132961],{}," returns the result",[47,133733,133735],{"className":49,"code":133734,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[18,133736,133737,133770,133793,133797],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133738,133739,133741,133743,133745,133747,133749,133751,133753,133755,133757,133759,133761,133763,133766,133768],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133740,3537],{"class":284},[56,133742,288],{"class":75},[56,133744,3080],{"class":66},[56,133746,938],{"class":937},[56,133748,6064],{"class":941},[56,133750,938],{"class":937},[56,133752,1080],{"class":66},[56,133754,1448],{"class":937},[56,133756,78795],{"class":941},[56,133758,938],{"class":937},[56,133760,1080],{"class":66},[56,133762,1448],{"class":937},[56,133764,133765],{"class":941},"three",[56,133767,938],{"class":937},[56,133769,3093],{"class":66},[56,133771,133772,133775,133777,133779,133781,133783,133785,133787,133789,133791],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,133773,133774],{"class":284},"joined_text ",[56,133776,288],{"class":75},[56,133778,1448],{"class":937},[56,133780,76],{"class":941},[56,133782,938],{"class":937},[56,133784,497],{"class":66},[56,133786,133038],{"class":237},[56,133788,67],{"class":66},[56,133790,3581],{"class":237},[56,133792,241],{"class":66},[56,133794,133795],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,133796,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,133798,133799,133801,133803,133806],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,133800,63],{"class":62},[56,133802,67],{"class":66},[56,133804,133805],{"class":237},"joined_text",[56,133807,241],{"class":66},[14,133809,130],{},[47,133811,133813],{"className":49,"code":133812,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"one-two-three\n",[18,133814,133815],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133816,133817,133819,133821,133823,133825],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133818,6064],{"class":284},[56,133820,76],{"class":75},[56,133822,78795],{"class":284},[56,133824,76],{"class":75},[56,133826,133827],{"class":284},"three\n",[42,133829,133831],{"id":133830},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[14,133833,133834],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[615,133836,133838,133841],{"id":133837},"join-adds-spaces",[18,133839,133840],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[47,133843,133845],{"className":49,"code":133844,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[18,133846,133847,133871],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133848,133849,133851,133853,133855,133857,133859,133861,133863,133865,133867,133869],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133850,3537],{"class":284},[56,133852,288],{"class":75},[56,133854,3080],{"class":66},[56,133856,938],{"class":937},[56,133858,3309],{"class":941},[56,133860,938],{"class":937},[56,133862,1080],{"class":66},[56,133864,1448],{"class":937},[56,133866,60114],{"class":941},[56,133868,938],{"class":937},[56,133870,3093],{"class":66},[56,133872,133873,133875,133877,133879,133881,133883,133885,133887,133889],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,133874,63],{"class":62},[56,133876,67],{"class":66},[56,133878,938],{"class":937},[56,133880,1448],{"class":937},[56,133882,497],{"class":66},[56,133884,133038],{"class":237},[56,133886,67],{"class":66},[56,133888,3581],{"class":237},[56,133890,83],{"class":66},[14,133892,130],{},[47,133894,133896],{"className":49,"code":133895,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"hello world\n",[18,133897,133898],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133899,133900],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133901,133895],{"class":284},[615,133903,133905,133908],{"id":133904},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[18,133906,133907],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[47,133910,133912],{"className":49,"code":133911,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[18,133913,133914,133946],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133915,133916,133918,133920,133922,133924,133926,133928,133930,133932,133934,133936,133938,133940,133942,133944],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133917,12572],{"class":284},[56,133919,288],{"class":75},[56,133921,3080],{"class":66},[56,133923,938],{"class":937},[56,133925,12589],{"class":941},[56,133927,938],{"class":937},[56,133929,1080],{"class":66},[56,133931,1448],{"class":937},[56,133933,12606],{"class":941},[56,133935,938],{"class":937},[56,133937,1080],{"class":66},[56,133939,1448],{"class":937},[56,133941,16956],{"class":941},[56,133943,938],{"class":937},[56,133945,3093],{"class":66},[56,133947,133948,133950,133952,133954,133956,133958,133960,133962,133964,133966],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,133949,63],{"class":62},[56,133951,67],{"class":66},[56,133953,938],{"class":937},[56,133955,255],{"class":941},[56,133957,938],{"class":937},[56,133959,497],{"class":66},[56,133961,133038],{"class":237},[56,133963,67],{"class":66},[56,133965,17003],{"class":237},[56,133967,83],{"class":66},[14,133969,130],{},[47,133971,133973],{"className":49,"code":133972,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"red, blue, green\n",[18,133974,133975],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,133976,133977,133979,133981,133984,133986],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,133978,12589],{"class":284},[56,133980,1080],{"class":66},[56,133982,133983],{"class":284}," blue",[56,133985,1080],{"class":66},[56,133987,35385],{"class":284},[14,133989,133990],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[615,133992,133994,133997],{"id":133993},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[18,133995,133996],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[47,133999,134001],{"className":49,"code":134000,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[18,134002,134003,134035],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134004,134005,134007,134009,134011,134013,134015,134017,134019,134021,134023,134025,134027,134029,134031,134033],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134006,42353],{"class":284},[56,134008,288],{"class":75},[56,134010,3080],{"class":66},[56,134012,938],{"class":937},[56,134014,51],{"class":941},[56,134016,938],{"class":937},[56,134018,1080],{"class":66},[56,134020,1448],{"class":937},[56,134022,60697],{"class":941},[56,134024,938],{"class":937},[56,134026,1080],{"class":66},[56,134028,1448],{"class":937},[56,134030,133038],{"class":941},[56,134032,938],{"class":937},[56,134034,3093],{"class":66},[56,134036,134037,134039,134041,134043,134045,134047,134049,134051,134053,134055],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,134038,63],{"class":62},[56,134040,67],{"class":66},[56,134042,938],{"class":937},[56,134044,76],{"class":941},[56,134046,938],{"class":937},[56,134048,497],{"class":66},[56,134050,133038],{"class":237},[56,134052,67],{"class":66},[56,134054,42385],{"class":237},[56,134056,83],{"class":66},[14,134058,130],{},[47,134060,134062],{"className":49,"code":134061,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"python-string-join\n",[18,134063,134064],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134065,134066,134068,134070,134072,134074],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134067,51],{"class":284},[56,134069,76],{"class":75},[56,134071,60697],{"class":284},[56,134073,76],{"class":75},[56,134075,134076],{"class":284},"join\n",[615,134078,134080,134083],{"id":134079},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[18,134081,134082],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[47,134085,134087],{"className":49,"code":134086,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[18,134088,134089,134122],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134090,134091,134093,134095,134097,134099,134101,134103,134105,134107,134109,134111,134113,134115,134118,134120],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134092,112458],{"class":284},[56,134094,288],{"class":75},[56,134096,3080],{"class":66},[56,134098,938],{"class":937},[56,134100,21748],{"class":941},[56,134102,938],{"class":937},[56,134104,1080],{"class":66},[56,134106,1448],{"class":937},[56,134108,30107],{"class":941},[56,134110,938],{"class":937},[56,134112,1080],{"class":66},[56,134114,1448],{"class":937},[56,134116,134117],{"class":941},"C",[56,134119,938],{"class":937},[56,134121,3093],{"class":66},[56,134123,134124,134126,134128,134130,134132,134134,134136,134139],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,134125,63],{"class":62},[56,134127,67],{"class":66},[56,134129,5749],{"class":937},[56,134131,497],{"class":66},[56,134133,133038],{"class":237},[56,134135,67],{"class":66},[56,134137,134138],{"class":237},"chars",[56,134140,83],{"class":66},[14,134142,130],{},[47,134144,134146],{"className":49,"code":134145,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"ABC\n",[18,134147,134148],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134149,134150],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134151,134145],{"class":33962},[42,134153,134155],{"id":134154},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[14,134157,134158,134160],{},[18,134159,132961],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[615,134162,134164],{"id":134163},"this-works","This works",[47,134166,134168],{"className":49,"code":134167,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,134169,134170,134202],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134171,134172,134174,134176,134178,134180,134182,134184,134186,134188,134190,134192,134194,134196,134198,134200],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134173,3286],{"class":284},[56,134175,288],{"class":75},[56,134177,3080],{"class":66},[56,134179,938],{"class":937},[56,134181,406],{"class":941},[56,134183,938],{"class":937},[56,134185,1080],{"class":66},[56,134187,1448],{"class":937},[56,134189,15253],{"class":941},[56,134191,938],{"class":937},[56,134193,1080],{"class":66},[56,134195,1448],{"class":937},[56,134197,36354],{"class":941},[56,134199,938],{"class":937},[56,134201,3093],{"class":66},[56,134203,134204,134206,134208,134210,134212,134214,134216,134218,134220,134222],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,134205,63],{"class":62},[56,134207,67],{"class":66},[56,134209,938],{"class":937},[56,134211,255],{"class":941},[56,134213,938],{"class":937},[56,134215,497],{"class":66},[56,134217,133038],{"class":237},[56,134219,67],{"class":66},[56,134221,4833],{"class":237},[56,134223,83],{"class":66},[14,134225,130],{},[47,134227,134229],{"className":49,"code":134228,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"10, 20, 30\n",[18,134230,134231],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134232,134233,134235,134237,134239,134241],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134234,406],{"class":79},[56,134236,1080],{"class":66},[56,134238,7272],{"class":79},[56,134240,1080],{"class":66},[56,134242,134243],{"class":79}," 30\n",[615,134245,134247],{"id":134246},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[47,134249,134251],{"className":49,"code":134250,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,134252,134253,134273],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134254,134255,134257,134259,134261,134263,134265,134267,134269,134271],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134256,3286],{"class":284},[56,134258,288],{"class":75},[56,134260,3080],{"class":66},[56,134262,1077],{"class":79},[56,134264,1080],{"class":66},[56,134266,1083],{"class":79},[56,134268,1080],{"class":66},[56,134270,529],{"class":79},[56,134272,3093],{"class":66},[56,134274,134275,134277,134279,134281,134283,134285,134287,134289,134291,134293],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,134276,63],{"class":62},[56,134278,67],{"class":66},[56,134280,938],{"class":937},[56,134282,255],{"class":941},[56,134284,938],{"class":937},[56,134286,497],{"class":66},[56,134288,133038],{"class":237},[56,134290,67],{"class":66},[56,134292,4833],{"class":237},[56,134294,83],{"class":66},[14,134296,89835,134297,134299],{},[18,134298,1096],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[14,134301,134302],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[47,134304,134306],{"className":49,"code":134305,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134307,134308,134328,134358,134362],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134309,134310,134312,134314,134316,134318,134320,134322,134324,134326],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134311,3286],{"class":284},[56,134313,288],{"class":75},[56,134315,3080],{"class":66},[56,134317,1077],{"class":79},[56,134319,1080],{"class":66},[56,134321,1083],{"class":79},[56,134323,1080],{"class":66},[56,134325,529],{"class":79},[56,134327,3093],{"class":66},[56,134329,134330,134332,134334,134336,134338,134340,134342,134344,134346,134348,134350,134352,134354,134356],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,134331,299],{"class":284},[56,134333,288],{"class":75},[56,134335,1448],{"class":937},[56,134337,255],{"class":941},[56,134339,938],{"class":937},[56,134341,497],{"class":66},[56,134343,133038],{"class":237},[56,134345,67],{"class":66},[56,134347,39374],{"class":62},[56,134349,67],{"class":66},[56,134351,1540],{"class":989},[56,134353,1080],{"class":66},[56,134355,3351],{"class":237},[56,134357,83],{"class":66},[56,134359,134360],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,134361,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,134363,134364,134366,134368,134370],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,134365,63],{"class":62},[56,134367,67],{"class":66},[56,134369,338],{"class":237},[56,134371,241],{"class":66},[14,134373,130],{},[47,134375,134377],{"className":49,"code":134376,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"1, 2, 3\n",[18,134378,134379],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134380,134381,134383,134385,134387,134389],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134382,1077],{"class":79},[56,134384,1080],{"class":66},[56,134386,1083],{"class":79},[56,134388,1080],{"class":66},[56,134390,658],{"class":79},[14,134392,134393,134394,497],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[372,134395,3031,134396,1610],{"href":41691},[18,134397,47202],{},[615,134399,134401,134403],{"id":134400},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[18,134402,3241],{}," values do not work directly",[47,134405,134407],{"className":49,"code":134406,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[18,134408,134409,134437],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134410,134411,134413,134415,134417,134419,134421,134423,134425,134427,134429,134431,134433,134435],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134412,3286],{"class":284},[56,134414,288],{"class":75},[56,134416,3080],{"class":66},[56,134418,938],{"class":937},[56,134420,3546],{"class":941},[56,134422,938],{"class":937},[56,134424,1080],{"class":66},[56,134426,3317],{"class":3316},[56,134428,1080],{"class":66},[56,134430,1448],{"class":937},[56,134432,3555],{"class":941},[56,134434,938],{"class":937},[56,134436,3093],{"class":66},[56,134438,134439,134441,134443,134445,134447,134449,134451,134453,134455,134457],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,134440,63],{"class":62},[56,134442,67],{"class":66},[56,134444,938],{"class":937},[56,134446,255],{"class":941},[56,134448,938],{"class":937},[56,134450,497],{"class":66},[56,134452,133038],{"class":237},[56,134454,67],{"class":66},[56,134456,4833],{"class":237},[56,134458,83],{"class":66},[14,134460,134461,134462,497],{},"This also causes a ",[18,134463,1096],{},[14,134465,134466],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[47,134468,134470],{"className":49,"code":134469,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134471,134472,134500,134530,134534],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134473,134474,134476,134478,134480,134482,134484,134486,134488,134490,134492,134494,134496,134498],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134475,3286],{"class":284},[56,134477,288],{"class":75},[56,134479,3080],{"class":66},[56,134481,938],{"class":937},[56,134483,3546],{"class":941},[56,134485,938],{"class":937},[56,134487,1080],{"class":66},[56,134489,3317],{"class":3316},[56,134491,1080],{"class":66},[56,134493,1448],{"class":937},[56,134495,3555],{"class":941},[56,134497,938],{"class":937},[56,134499,3093],{"class":66},[56,134501,134502,134504,134506,134508,134510,134512,134514,134516,134518,134520,134522,134524,134526,134528],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,134503,299],{"class":284},[56,134505,288],{"class":75},[56,134507,1448],{"class":937},[56,134509,255],{"class":941},[56,134511,938],{"class":937},[56,134513,497],{"class":66},[56,134515,133038],{"class":237},[56,134517,67],{"class":66},[56,134519,39374],{"class":62},[56,134521,67],{"class":66},[56,134523,1540],{"class":989},[56,134525,1080],{"class":66},[56,134527,3351],{"class":237},[56,134529,83],{"class":66},[56,134531,134532],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,134533,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,134535,134536,134538,134540,134542],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,134537,63],{"class":62},[56,134539,67],{"class":66},[56,134541,338],{"class":237},[56,134543,241],{"class":66},[14,134545,130],{},[47,134547,134549],{"className":49,"code":134548,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"apple, None, banana\n",[18,134550,134551],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134552,134553,134555,134557,134559,134561],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134554,3546],{"class":284},[56,134556,1080],{"class":66},[56,134558,3317],{"class":3316},[56,134560,1080],{"class":66},[56,134562,134563],{"class":284}," banana\n",[14,134565,134566,134567,134569],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[18,134568,3241],{}," values instead of converting them.",[615,134571,134573,134575],{"id":134572},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[18,134574,132961],{}," also works with tuples",[47,134577,134579],{"className":49,"code":134578,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[18,134580,134581,134613],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134582,134583,134585,134587,134589,134591,134593,134595,134597,134599,134601,134603,134605,134607,134609,134611],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134584,4467],{"class":284},[56,134586,288],{"class":75},[56,134588,8724],{"class":66},[56,134590,938],{"class":937},[56,134592,7158],{"class":941},[56,134594,938],{"class":937},[56,134596,1080],{"class":66},[56,134598,1448],{"class":937},[56,134600,130967],{"class":941},[56,134602,938],{"class":937},[56,134604,1080],{"class":66},[56,134606,1448],{"class":937},[56,134608,7404],{"class":941},[56,134610,938],{"class":937},[56,134612,241],{"class":66},[56,134614,134615,134617,134619,134621,134624,134626,134628,134630,134632,134634],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,134616,63],{"class":62},[56,134618,67],{"class":66},[56,134620,938],{"class":937},[56,134622,134623],{"class":941}," \u002F ",[56,134625,938],{"class":937},[56,134627,497],{"class":66},[56,134629,133038],{"class":237},[56,134631,67],{"class":66},[56,134633,4511],{"class":237},[56,134635,83],{"class":66},[14,134637,130],{},[47,134639,134641],{"className":49,"code":134640,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[18,134642,134643],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134644,134645,134648,134650,134653,134655],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134646,134647],{"class":284},"Sam ",[56,134649,126771],{"class":75},[56,134651,134652],{"class":284}," Lee ",[56,134654,126771],{"class":75},[56,134656,21837],{"class":284},[42,134658,134660,134661],{"id":134659},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[18,134662,132961],{},[14,134664,134665],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[615,134667,134669,134670,134672],{"id":134668},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[18,134671,1096],{}," because not all items are strings",[47,134674,134676],{"className":49,"code":134675,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[18,134677,134678,134706],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134679,134680,134682,134684,134686,134688,134690,134692,134694,134696,134698,134700,134702,134704],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134681,7261],{"class":284},[56,134683,288],{"class":75},[56,134685,3080],{"class":66},[56,134687,938],{"class":937},[56,134689,372],{"class":941},[56,134691,938],{"class":937},[56,134693,1080],{"class":66},[56,134695,1083],{"class":79},[56,134697,1080],{"class":66},[56,134699,1448],{"class":937},[56,134701,9228],{"class":941},[56,134703,938],{"class":937},[56,134705,3093],{"class":66},[56,134707,134708,134710,134712,134714,134716,134718,134720,134722,134724],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,134709,63],{"class":62},[56,134711,67],{"class":66},[56,134713,938],{"class":937},[56,134715,1448],{"class":937},[56,134717,497],{"class":66},[56,134719,133038],{"class":237},[56,134721,67],{"class":66},[56,134723,7292],{"class":237},[56,134725,83],{"class":66},[14,134727,48029,134728,134730],{},[18,134729,115],{}," is an integer.",[14,134732,38776],{},[47,134734,134736],{"className":49,"code":134735,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[18,134737,134738,134766],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134739,134740,134742,134744,134746,134748,134750,134752,134754,134756,134758,134760,134762,134764],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134741,7261],{"class":284},[56,134743,288],{"class":75},[56,134745,3080],{"class":66},[56,134747,938],{"class":937},[56,134749,372],{"class":941},[56,134751,938],{"class":937},[56,134753,1080],{"class":66},[56,134755,1083],{"class":79},[56,134757,1080],{"class":66},[56,134759,1448],{"class":937},[56,134761,9228],{"class":941},[56,134763,938],{"class":937},[56,134765,3093],{"class":66},[56,134767,134768,134770,134772,134774,134776,134778,134780,134782,134784,134786,134788,134790,134792],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,134769,63],{"class":62},[56,134771,67],{"class":66},[56,134773,938],{"class":937},[56,134775,1448],{"class":937},[56,134777,497],{"class":66},[56,134779,133038],{"class":237},[56,134781,67],{"class":66},[56,134783,39374],{"class":62},[56,134785,67],{"class":66},[56,134787,1540],{"class":989},[56,134789,1080],{"class":66},[56,134791,5442],{"class":237},[56,134793,1000],{"class":66},[14,134795,134796,134797,497],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[372,134798,25184,134800],{"href":134799},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[18,134801,134802],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[615,134804,134806,134807,134809],{"id":134805},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[18,134808,132961],{}," on a list instead of a string",[14,134811,3995],{},[47,134813,134815],{"className":49,"code":134814,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[18,134816,134817,134849],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134818,134819,134821,134823,134825,134827,134829,134831,134833,134835,134837,134839,134841,134843,134845,134847],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134820,3537],{"class":284},[56,134822,288],{"class":75},[56,134824,3080],{"class":66},[56,134826,938],{"class":937},[56,134828,6777],{"class":941},[56,134830,938],{"class":937},[56,134832,1080],{"class":66},[56,134834,1448],{"class":937},[56,134836,11688],{"class":941},[56,134838,938],{"class":937},[56,134840,1080],{"class":66},[56,134842,1448],{"class":937},[56,134844,133019],{"class":941},[56,134846,938],{"class":937},[56,134848,3093],{"class":66},[56,134850,134851,134853,134855,134857,134859,134861,134863,134865,134867],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,134852,299],{"class":284},[56,134854,288],{"class":75},[56,134856,5645],{"class":284},[56,134858,497],{"class":66},[56,134860,133038],{"class":237},[56,134862,67],{"class":66},[56,134864,938],{"class":937},[56,134866,1448],{"class":937},[56,134868,241],{"class":66},[14,134870,134871,134873],{},[18,134872,132961],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[14,134875,10298],{},[47,134877,134879],{"className":49,"code":134878,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,134880,134881,134913,134933,134937],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134882,134883,134885,134887,134889,134891,134893,134895,134897,134899,134901,134903,134905,134907,134909,134911],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134884,3537],{"class":284},[56,134886,288],{"class":75},[56,134888,3080],{"class":66},[56,134890,938],{"class":937},[56,134892,6777],{"class":941},[56,134894,938],{"class":937},[56,134896,1080],{"class":66},[56,134898,1448],{"class":937},[56,134900,11688],{"class":941},[56,134902,938],{"class":937},[56,134904,1080],{"class":66},[56,134906,1448],{"class":937},[56,134908,133019],{"class":941},[56,134910,938],{"class":937},[56,134912,3093],{"class":66},[56,134914,134915,134917,134919,134921,134923,134925,134927,134929,134931],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,134916,299],{"class":284},[56,134918,288],{"class":75},[56,134920,1448],{"class":937},[56,134922,1448],{"class":937},[56,134924,497],{"class":66},[56,134926,133038],{"class":237},[56,134928,67],{"class":66},[56,134930,3581],{"class":237},[56,134932,241],{"class":66},[56,134934,134935],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,134936,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,134938,134939,134941,134943,134945],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,134940,63],{"class":62},[56,134942,67],{"class":66},[56,134944,338],{"class":237},[56,134946,241],{"class":66},[615,134948,134950],{"id":134949},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[47,134952,134954],{"className":49,"code":134953,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[18,134955,134956,134988],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,134957,134958,134960,134962,134964,134966,134968,134970,134972,134974,134976,134978,134980,134982,134984,134986],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,134959,3537],{"class":284},[56,134961,288],{"class":75},[56,134963,3080],{"class":66},[56,134965,938],{"class":937},[56,134967,6064],{"class":941},[56,134969,938],{"class":937},[56,134971,1080],{"class":66},[56,134973,1448],{"class":937},[56,134975,78795],{"class":941},[56,134977,938],{"class":937},[56,134979,1080],{"class":66},[56,134981,1448],{"class":937},[56,134983,133765],{"class":941},[56,134985,938],{"class":937},[56,134987,3093],{"class":66},[56,134989,134990,134992,134994,134996,134998,135000,135002,135004],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,134991,63],{"class":62},[56,134993,67],{"class":66},[56,134995,5749],{"class":937},[56,134997,497],{"class":66},[56,134999,133038],{"class":237},[56,135001,67],{"class":66},[56,135003,3581],{"class":237},[56,135005,83],{"class":66},[14,135007,130],{},[47,135009,135011],{"className":49,"code":135010,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"onetwothree\n",[18,135012,135013],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135014,135015],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135016,135010],{"class":284},[14,135018,135019,135020,6110],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[18,135021,133106],{},[615,135023,135025,135026,131229],{"id":135024},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[18,135027,132961],{},[47,135029,135031],{"className":49,"code":135030,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[18,135032,135033,135065,135083,135087],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135034,135035,135037,135039,135041,135043,135045,135047,135049,135051,135053,135055,135057,135059,135061,135063],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135036,3537],{"class":284},[56,135038,288],{"class":75},[56,135040,3080],{"class":66},[56,135042,938],{"class":937},[56,135044,372],{"class":941},[56,135046,938],{"class":937},[56,135048,1080],{"class":66},[56,135050,1448],{"class":937},[56,135052,4232],{"class":941},[56,135054,938],{"class":937},[56,135056,1080],{"class":66},[56,135058,1448],{"class":937},[56,135060,9228],{"class":941},[56,135062,938],{"class":937},[56,135064,3093],{"class":66},[56,135066,135067,135069,135071,135073,135075,135077,135079,135081],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,135068,938],{"class":42845},[56,135070,76],{"class":42849},[56,135072,938],{"class":42845},[56,135074,497],{"class":66},[56,135076,133038],{"class":237},[56,135078,67],{"class":66},[56,135080,3581],{"class":237},[56,135082,241],{"class":66},[56,135084,135085],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,135086,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,135088,135089,135091,135093,135095],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,135090,63],{"class":62},[56,135092,67],{"class":66},[56,135094,3581],{"class":237},[56,135096,241],{"class":66},[14,135098,130],{},[47,135100,135101],{"className":49,"code":42392,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,135102,135103],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135104,135105,135107,135109,135111,135113,135115,135117,135119,135121,135123,135125,135127,135129],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135106,3366],{"class":66},[56,135108,1394],{"class":937},[56,135110,372],{"class":941},[56,135112,1394],{"class":937},[56,135114,1080],{"class":66},[56,135116,1389],{"class":937},[56,135118,4232],{"class":941},[56,135120,1394],{"class":937},[56,135122,1080],{"class":66},[56,135124,1389],{"class":937},[56,135126,9228],{"class":941},[56,135128,1394],{"class":937},[56,135130,3093],{"class":66},[14,135132,135133,135134,135136],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[18,135135,132961],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[42,135138,135140,135142,135143],{"id":135139},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[18,135141,132961],{}," vs concatenation with ",[18,135144,118],{},[14,135146,10080,135147,3862,135149,135151],{},[18,135148,132961],{},[18,135150,118],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[615,135153,153,135155,135157],{"id":135154},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[18,135156,118],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[47,135159,135161],{"className":49,"code":135160,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135162,135163,135176,135189,135209,135213],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135164,135165,135168,135170,135172,135174],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135166,135167],{"class":284},"first ",[56,135169,288],{"class":75},[56,135171,1448],{"class":937},[56,135173,34377],{"class":941},[56,135175,1454],{"class":937},[56,135177,135178,135181,135183,135185,135187],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,135179,135180],{"class":284},"second ",[56,135182,288],{"class":75},[56,135184,1448],{"class":937},[56,135186,89264],{"class":941},[56,135188,1454],{"class":937},[56,135190,135191,135193,135195,135198,135200,135202,135204,135206],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,135192,299],{"class":284},[56,135194,288],{"class":75},[56,135196,135197],{"class":284}," first ",[56,135199,118],{"class":75},[56,135201,1448],{"class":937},[56,135203,1448],{"class":937},[56,135205,532],{"class":75},[56,135207,135208],{"class":284}," second\n",[56,135210,135211],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,135212,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,135214,135215,135217,135219,135221],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,135216,63],{"class":62},[56,135218,67],{"class":66},[56,135220,338],{"class":237},[56,135222,241],{"class":66},[14,135224,130],{},[47,135226,135228],{"className":49,"code":135227,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Hello World\n",[18,135229,135230],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135231,135232],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135233,135227],{"class":284},[615,135235,153,135237,135239],{"id":135236},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[18,135238,132961],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[47,135241,135243],{"className":49,"code":135242,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,135244,135245,135287,135307,135311],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135246,135247,135249,135251,135253,135255,135257,135259,135261,135263,135266,135268,135270,135272,135275,135277,135279,135281,135283,135285],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135248,3537],{"class":284},[56,135250,288],{"class":75},[56,135252,3080],{"class":66},[56,135254,938],{"class":937},[56,135256,6777],{"class":941},[56,135258,938],{"class":937},[56,135260,1080],{"class":66},[56,135262,1448],{"class":937},[56,135264,135265],{"class":941},"makes",[56,135267,938],{"class":937},[56,135269,1080],{"class":66},[56,135271,1448],{"class":937},[56,135273,135274],{"class":941},"this",[56,135276,938],{"class":937},[56,135278,1080],{"class":66},[56,135280,1448],{"class":937},[56,135282,133460],{"class":941},[56,135284,938],{"class":937},[56,135286,3093],{"class":66},[56,135288,135289,135291,135293,135295,135297,135299,135301,135303,135305],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,135290,299],{"class":284},[56,135292,288],{"class":75},[56,135294,1448],{"class":937},[56,135296,1448],{"class":937},[56,135298,497],{"class":66},[56,135300,133038],{"class":237},[56,135302,67],{"class":66},[56,135304,3581],{"class":237},[56,135306,241],{"class":66},[56,135308,135309],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,135310,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,135312,135313,135315,135317,135319],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,135314,63],{"class":62},[56,135316,67],{"class":66},[56,135318,338],{"class":237},[56,135320,241],{"class":66},[14,135322,130],{},[47,135324,135326],{"className":49,"code":135325,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Python makes this easy\n",[18,135327,135328],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135329,135330],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135331,135325],{"class":284},[14,135333,135334,135336],{},[18,135335,132961],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[26,135338,135339,135342,135345],{},[29,135340,135341],{},"You already have a list of strings",[29,135343,135344],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[29,135346,135347,135348,135350],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[18,135349,118],{}," operators",[14,135352,135353,135354,497],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[372,135355,135357],{"href":135356},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[42,135359,135361],{"id":135360},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[14,135363,8362,135364,135366],{},[18,135365,132961],{}," is not working, check these first:",[26,135368,135369,135372,135377,135386,135392],{},[29,135370,135371],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[29,135373,135374,135375],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[18,135376,3241],{},[29,135378,135379,135380,10583,135383],{},"You may have written ",[18,135381,135382],{},"list.join(...)",[18,135384,135385],{},"string.join(...)",[29,135387,135388,135389,135391],{},"You may be expecting ",[18,135390,132961],{}," to change the original iterable",[29,135393,135394],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[14,135396,93904],{},[47,135398,135400],{"className":49,"code":135399,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[18,135401,135402,135416,135426,135450,135490],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135403,135404,135406,135408,135410,135412,135414],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135405,63],{"class":62},[56,135407,67],{"class":66},[56,135409,1314],{"class":989},[56,135411,67],{"class":66},[56,135413,7292],{"class":237},[56,135415,83],{"class":66},[56,135417,135418,135420,135422,135424],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,135419,63],{"class":62},[56,135421,67],{"class":66},[56,135423,7292],{"class":237},[56,135425,241],{"class":66},[56,135427,135428,135430,135432,135434,135436,135438,135440,135442,135444,135446,135448],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,135429,63],{"class":62},[56,135431,1074],{"class":66},[56,135433,1314],{"class":989},[56,135435,67],{"class":66},[56,135437,22814],{"class":237},[56,135439,3120],{"class":66},[56,135441,3342],{"class":3341},[56,135443,5437],{"class":237},[56,135445,3348],{"class":3341},[56,135447,5442],{"class":237},[56,135449,3354],{"class":66},[56,135451,135452,135454,135456,135458,135460,135462,135464,135466,135468,135470,135472,135474,135476,135478,135480,135482,135484,135486,135488],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,135453,63],{"class":62},[56,135455,67],{"class":66},[56,135457,1394],{"class":937},[56,135459,1389],{"class":937},[56,135461,497],{"class":66},[56,135463,133038],{"class":237},[56,135465,1074],{"class":66},[56,135467,1394],{"class":937},[56,135469,372],{"class":941},[56,135471,1394],{"class":937},[56,135473,1080],{"class":66},[56,135475,1389],{"class":937},[56,135477,4232],{"class":941},[56,135479,1394],{"class":937},[56,135481,1080],{"class":66},[56,135483,1389],{"class":937},[56,135485,9228],{"class":941},[56,135487,1394],{"class":937},[56,135489,1090],{"class":66},[56,135491,135492,135494,135496,135498,135500,135502,135504,135506,135508,135510,135512,135514,135516,135518,135520,135522,135524,135526,135528],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,135493,63],{"class":62},[56,135495,67],{"class":66},[56,135497,1394],{"class":937},[56,135499,255],{"class":941},[56,135501,1394],{"class":937},[56,135503,497],{"class":66},[56,135505,133038],{"class":237},[56,135507,67],{"class":66},[56,135509,39374],{"class":62},[56,135511,67],{"class":66},[56,135513,1540],{"class":989},[56,135515,1080],{"class":66},[56,135517,3080],{"class":66},[56,135519,1077],{"class":79},[56,135521,1080],{"class":66},[56,135523,1083],{"class":79},[56,135525,1080],{"class":66},[56,135527,529],{"class":79},[56,135529,36778],{"class":66},[14,135531,135532],{},"What these checks do:",[26,135534,135535,135543,135549,135555,135564],{},[29,135536,135537,135540,135541,7580],{},[18,135538,135539],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[18,135542,7292],{},[29,135544,135545,135548],{},[18,135546,135547],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[29,135550,135551,135554],{},[18,135552,135553],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[29,135556,135557,135560,135561,135563],{},[18,135558,135559],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[18,135562,132961],{}," behavior",[29,135565,135566,135569],{},[18,135567,135568],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[42,135571,1553],{"id":1552},[615,135573,12199,135575,135577],{"id":135574},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[18,135576,132961],{}," work with numbers?",[14,135579,135580,135581,135583,135584,497],{},"Not directly. ",[18,135582,132961],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[18,135585,135586],{},"map(str, values)",[615,135588,12199,135590,56685],{"id":135589},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[18,135591,132961],{},[14,135593,135594],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[615,135596,27834,135598,62158],{"id":135597},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[18,135599,132961],{},[14,135601,41668,135602,135604],{},[18,135603,132961],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[615,135606,4615,135608,39475],{"id":135607},"what-does-joinwords-do",[18,135609,135610],{},"''.join(words)",[14,135612,135613],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[615,135615,135617,135618,135620,135621,571],{"id":135616},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[18,135619,1096],{}," when using ",[18,135622,132961],{},[14,135624,135625],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[42,135627,1601],{"id":1600},[26,135629,135630,135635,135641,135647,135653],{},[29,135631,135632],{},[372,135633,135634],{"href":135356},"How to join strings in Python",[29,135636,135637],{},[372,135638,125879,135639,10231],{"href":128566},[18,135640,60054],{},[29,135642,135643],{},[372,135644,3031,135645,1610],{"href":41691},[18,135646,47202],{},[29,135648,135649],{},[372,135650,29854,135651],{"href":134799},[18,135652,134802],{},[29,135654,135655],{},[372,135656,124634],{"href":50495},[14,135658,96874,135659,135661],{},[18,135660,132961],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1633,135663,135664],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":135666},[135667,135668,135670,135673,135680,135690,135698,135708,135715,135716,135728],{"id":3064,"depth":86,"text":3065},{"id":133078,"depth":86,"text":135669},"What join() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220,"children":135671},[135672],{"id":48528,"depth":102,"text":48529},{"id":121409,"depth":86,"text":121410,"children":135674},[135675,135676,135677,135678],{"id":133425,"depth":102,"text":133426},{"id":133517,"depth":102,"text":133518},{"id":133618,"depth":102,"text":133619},{"id":133727,"depth":102,"text":135679},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":133830,"depth":86,"text":133831,"children":135681},[135682,135684,135686,135688],{"id":133837,"depth":102,"text":135683},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":133904,"depth":102,"text":135685},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":133993,"depth":102,"text":135687},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134079,"depth":102,"text":135689},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134154,"depth":86,"text":134155,"children":135691},[135692,135693,135694,135696],{"id":134163,"depth":102,"text":134164},{"id":134246,"depth":102,"text":134247},{"id":134400,"depth":102,"text":135695},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134572,"depth":102,"text":135697},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134659,"depth":86,"text":135699,"children":135700},"Common errors with join()",[135701,135703,135705,135706],{"id":134668,"depth":102,"text":135702},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":134805,"depth":102,"text":135704},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":134949,"depth":102,"text":134950},{"id":135024,"depth":102,"text":135707},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135139,"depth":86,"text":135709,"children":135710},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135711,135713],{"id":135154,"depth":102,"text":135712},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135236,"depth":102,"text":135714},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135360,"depth":86,"text":135361},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":135717},[135718,135720,135722,135724,135726],{"id":135574,"depth":102,"text":135719},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135589,"depth":102,"text":135721},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135597,"depth":102,"text":135723},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135607,"depth":102,"text":135725},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135616,"depth":102,"text":135727},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":132953,"description":135729},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135736,"title":135737,"body":135738,"description":137306,"extension":1665,"meta":137307,"navigation":316,"path":137308,"seo":137309,"stem":137310,"__hash__":137311},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135739,"toc":137273},[135740,135745,135750,135752,135766,135811,135818,135823,135828,135830,135846,135855,135857,135859,135874,135876,135886,135888,135950,135952,135955,136016,136018,136034,136036,136049,136052,136099,136101,136107,136110,136113,136173,136181,136267,136271,136276,136278,136292,136295,136380,136383,136441,136452,136507,136509,136516,136522,136528,136572,136575,136622,136624,136626,136633,136635,136666,136669,136671,136702,136706,136709,136711,136751,136753,136796,136802,136807,136809,136836,136841,136844,136893,136897,136900,136975,136986,136989,137046,137053,137059,137067,137072,137079,137086,137104,137106,137160,137168,137170,137175,137178,137184,137190,137195,137198,137204,137210,137217,137225,137227,137270],[10,135741,122879,135743,10814],{"id":135742},"python-string-lower-method",[18,135744,123609],{},[14,135746,122884,135747,135749],{},[18,135748,123609],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[14,135751,23591],{},[26,135753,135754,135757,135760,135763],{},[29,135755,135756],{},"convert text to lowercase",[29,135758,135759],{},"compare text without case differences",[29,135761,135762],{},"clean up user input",[29,135764,135765],{},"make simple text matching easier",[47,135767,135769],{"className":49,"code":135768,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[18,135770,135771,135784,135798],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135772,135773,135775,135777,135779,135782],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135774,34197],{"class":284},[56,135776,288],{"class":75},[56,135778,1448],{"class":937},[56,135780,135781],{"class":941},"Hello WORLD",[56,135783,1454],{"class":937},[56,135785,135786,135788,135790,135792,135794,135796],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,135787,299],{"class":284},[56,135789,288],{"class":75},[56,135791,42358],{"class":284},[56,135793,497],{"class":66},[56,135795,8126],{"class":237},[56,135797,8129],{"class":66},[56,135799,135800,135802,135804,135806,135808],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,135801,63],{"class":62},[56,135803,67],{"class":66},[56,135805,338],{"class":237},[56,135807,3120],{"class":66},[56,135809,135810],{"class":3123},"  # hello world\n",[14,135812,135813,88487,135815,135817],{},[3205,135814,83345],{},[18,135816,123609],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[42,135819,3138,135821,3141],{"id":135820},"what-lower-does",[18,135822,123609],{},[14,135824,135825,135827],{},[18,135826,123609],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[14,135829,12548],{},[26,135831,135832,135837,135840,135843],{},[29,135833,135834,135836],{},[18,135835,123609],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[29,135838,135839],{},"It works on string objects",[29,135841,135842],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[29,135844,135845],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[14,135847,124631,135848,135852,135853,497],{},[372,135849,135851],{"href":135850},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[372,135854,50496],{"href":50495},[42,135856,220],{"id":219},[14,135858,223],{},[47,135860,135862],{"className":49,"code":135861,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.lower()\n",[18,135863,135864],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135865,135866,135868,135870,135872],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135867,60697],{"class":284},[56,135869,497],{"class":66},[56,135871,8126],{"class":237},[56,135873,8129],{"class":66},[14,135875,43167],{},[26,135877,135878,135880,135883],{},[29,135879,97052],{},[29,135881,135882],{},"You call it directly on a string",[29,135884,135885],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[14,135887,274],{},[47,135889,135891],{"className":49,"code":135890,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[18,135892,135893,135916,135920,135933],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135894,135895,135897,135899,135901,135904,135906,135908,135910,135913],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135896,63],{"class":62},[56,135898,67],{"class":66},[56,135900,938],{"class":937},[56,135902,135903],{"class":941},"HELLO",[56,135905,938],{"class":937},[56,135907,497],{"class":66},[56,135909,8126],{"class":237},[56,135911,135912],{"class":66},"())",[56,135914,135915],{"class":3123},"  # hello\n",[56,135917,135918],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,135919,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,135921,135922,135924,135926,135928,135931],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,135923,7359],{"class":284},[56,135925,288],{"class":75},[56,135927,1448],{"class":937},[56,135929,135930],{"class":941},"PyThOn",[56,135932,1454],{"class":937},[56,135934,135935,135937,135939,135941,135943,135945,135947],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,135936,63],{"class":62},[56,135938,67],{"class":66},[56,135940,7149],{"class":237},[56,135942,497],{"class":66},[56,135944,8126],{"class":237},[56,135946,135912],{"class":66},[56,135948,135949],{"class":3123},"  # python\n",[42,135951,10968],{"id":10967},[14,135953,135954],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[47,135956,135958],{"className":49,"code":135957,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[18,135959,135960,135972,135976,135991,135995,136006],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,135961,135962,135964,135966,135968,135970],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,135963,34197],{"class":284},[56,135965,288],{"class":75},[56,135967,1448],{"class":937},[56,135969,135781],{"class":941},[56,135971,1454],{"class":937},[56,135973,135974],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,135975,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,135977,135978,135981,135983,135985,135987,135989],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,135979,135980],{"class":284},"lower_text ",[56,135982,288],{"class":75},[56,135984,42358],{"class":284},[56,135986,497],{"class":66},[56,135988,8126],{"class":237},[56,135990,8129],{"class":66},[56,135992,135993],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,135994,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,135996,135997,135999,136001,136004],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,135998,63],{"class":62},[56,136000,67],{"class":66},[56,136002,136003],{"class":237},"lower_text",[56,136005,241],{"class":66},[56,136007,136008,136010,136012,136014],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,136009,63],{"class":62},[56,136011,67],{"class":66},[56,136013,34218],{"class":237},[56,136015,241],{"class":66},[14,136017,130],{},[47,136019,136021],{"className":49,"code":136020,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[18,136022,136023,136027],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136024,136025],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136026,133895],{"class":284},[56,136028,136029,136031],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,136030,131295],{"class":284},[56,136032,136033],{"class":33962},"WORLD\n",[14,136035,24111],{},[26,136037,136038,136043],{},[29,136039,136040,136042],{},[18,136041,123609],{}," returns the lowercase result",[29,136044,136045,136046,136048],{},"the original ",[18,136047,34218],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[14,136050,136051],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[47,136053,136055],{"className":49,"code":136054,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[18,136056,136057,136069,136083,136087],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136058,136059,136061,136063,136065,136067],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136060,34197],{"class":284},[56,136062,288],{"class":75},[56,136064,1448],{"class":937},[56,136066,135781],{"class":941},[56,136068,1454],{"class":937},[56,136070,136071,136073,136075,136077,136079,136081],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,136072,34197],{"class":284},[56,136074,288],{"class":75},[56,136076,42358],{"class":284},[56,136078,497],{"class":66},[56,136080,8126],{"class":237},[56,136082,8129],{"class":66},[56,136084,136085],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,136086,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,136088,136089,136091,136093,136095,136097],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,136090,63],{"class":62},[56,136092,67],{"class":66},[56,136094,34218],{"class":237},[56,136096,3120],{"class":66},[56,136098,135810],{"class":3123},[42,136100,16919],{"id":16918},[14,136102,136103,21478,136105,497],{},[18,136104,123609],{},[3205,136106,60697],{},[14,136108,136109],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[14,136111,136112],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[47,136114,136116],{"className":49,"code":136115,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[18,136117,136118,136132,136136,136159],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136119,136120,136123,136125,136127,136130],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136121,136122],{"class":284},"answer ",[56,136124,288],{"class":75},[56,136126,1448],{"class":937},[56,136128,136129],{"class":941},"YES",[56,136131,1454],{"class":937},[56,136133,136134],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,136135,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,136137,136138,136140,136143,136145,136147,136149,136151,136153,136155,136157],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,136139,6477],{"class":3341},[56,136141,136142],{"class":284}," answer",[56,136144,497],{"class":66},[56,136146,8126],{"class":237},[56,136148,6846],{"class":66},[56,136150,5886],{"class":75},[56,136152,1448],{"class":937},[56,136154,8144],{"class":941},[56,136156,938],{"class":937},[56,136158,5871],{"class":66},[56,136160,136161,136163,136165,136167,136169,136171],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,136162,7552],{"class":62},[56,136164,67],{"class":66},[56,136166,938],{"class":937},[56,136168,96361],{"class":941},[56,136170,938],{"class":937},[56,136172,241],{"class":66},[14,136174,136175,136176,971],{},"This is especially useful with ",[372,136177,136178,136179,378],{"href":7703},"the ",[18,136180,1046],{},[47,136182,136184],{"className":49,"code":136183,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[18,136185,136186,136205,136209,136231,136246,136252],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136187,136188,136190,136192,136194,136196,136198,136201,136203],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136189,136122],{"class":284},[56,136191,288],{"class":75},[56,136193,7726],{"class":62},[56,136195,67],{"class":66},[56,136197,938],{"class":937},[56,136199,136200],{"class":941},"Type yes or no: ",[56,136202,938],{"class":937},[56,136204,241],{"class":66},[56,136206,136207],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,136208,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,136210,136211,136213,136215,136217,136219,136221,136223,136225,136227,136229],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,136212,6477],{"class":3341},[56,136214,136142],{"class":284},[56,136216,497],{"class":66},[56,136218,8126],{"class":237},[56,136220,6846],{"class":66},[56,136222,5886],{"class":75},[56,136224,1448],{"class":937},[56,136226,8144],{"class":941},[56,136228,938],{"class":937},[56,136230,5871],{"class":66},[56,136232,136233,136235,136237,136239,136242,136244],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,136234,7552],{"class":62},[56,136236,67],{"class":66},[56,136238,938],{"class":937},[56,136240,136241],{"class":941},"You typed yes",[56,136243,938],{"class":937},[56,136245,241],{"class":66},[56,136247,136248,136250],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,136249,26939],{"class":3341},[56,136251,5871],{"class":66},[56,136253,136254,136256,136258,136260,136263,136265],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,136255,7552],{"class":62},[56,136257,67],{"class":66},[56,136259,938],{"class":937},[56,136261,136262],{"class":941},"You typed something else",[56,136264,938],{"class":937},[56,136266,241],{"class":66},[42,136268,136270],{"id":136269},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[14,136272,136273,136275],{},[18,136274,123609],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[14,136277,6823],{},[26,136279,136280,136283,136286,136289],{},[29,136281,136282],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[29,136284,136285],{},"Make text matching easier",[29,136287,136288],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[29,136290,136291],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[14,136293,136294],{},"Example: checking user input",[47,136296,136298],{"className":49,"code":136297,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[18,136299,136300,136318,136322,136344,136359,136365],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136301,136302,136304,136306,136308,136310,136312,136314,136316],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136303,44476],{"class":284},[56,136305,288],{"class":75},[56,136307,7726],{"class":62},[56,136309,67],{"class":66},[56,136311,938],{"class":937},[56,136313,44487],{"class":941},[56,136315,938],{"class":937},[56,136317,241],{"class":66},[56,136319,136320],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,136321,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,136323,136324,136326,136328,136330,136332,136334,136336,136338,136340,136342],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,136325,6477],{"class":3341},[56,136327,35362],{"class":284},[56,136329,497],{"class":66},[56,136331,8126],{"class":237},[56,136333,6846],{"class":66},[56,136335,5886],{"class":75},[56,136337,1448],{"class":937},[56,136339,12606],{"class":941},[56,136341,938],{"class":937},[56,136343,5871],{"class":66},[56,136345,136346,136348,136350,136352,136355,136357],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,136347,7552],{"class":62},[56,136349,67],{"class":66},[56,136351,938],{"class":937},[56,136353,136354],{"class":941},"Nice choice!",[56,136356,938],{"class":937},[56,136358,241],{"class":66},[56,136360,136361,136363],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,136362,26939],{"class":3341},[56,136364,5871],{"class":66},[56,136366,136367,136369,136371,136373,136376,136378],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,136368,7552],{"class":62},[56,136370,67],{"class":66},[56,136372,938],{"class":937},[56,136374,136375],{"class":941},"Got it.",[56,136377,938],{"class":937},[56,136379,241],{"class":66},[14,136381,136382],{},"Example: simple search",[47,136384,136386],{"className":49,"code":136385,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[18,136387,136388,136401,136405,136426],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136389,136390,136392,136394,136396,136399],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136391,89531],{"class":284},[56,136393,288],{"class":75},[56,136395,1448],{"class":937},[56,136397,136398],{"class":941},"Python Is Fun",[56,136400,1454],{"class":937},[56,136402,136403],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,136404,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,136406,136407,136409,136411,136413,136415,136417,136420,136422,136424],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,136408,6477],{"class":3341},[56,136410,1448],{"class":937},[56,136412,51],{"class":941},[56,136414,938],{"class":937},[56,136416,20676],{"class":75},[56,136418,136419],{"class":284}," message",[56,136421,497],{"class":66},[56,136423,8126],{"class":237},[56,136425,21098],{"class":66},[56,136427,136428,136430,136432,136434,136437,136439],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,136429,7552],{"class":62},[56,136431,67],{"class":66},[56,136433,938],{"class":937},[56,136435,136436],{"class":941},"Found it",[56,136438,938],{"class":937},[56,136440,241],{"class":66},[14,136442,136443,136444,136446,136447,971],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[18,136445,123609],{}," is often used with ",[372,136448,136450],{"href":136449},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[18,136451,41169],{},[47,136453,136455],{"className":49,"code":136454,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[18,136456,136457,136470,136489,136493],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136458,136459,136461,136463,136465,136468],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136460,7359],{"class":284},[56,136462,288],{"class":75},[56,136464,1448],{"class":937},[56,136466,136467],{"class":941},"  ALICE  ",[56,136469,1454],{"class":937},[56,136471,136472,136475,136477,136479,136481,136483,136485,136487],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,136473,136474],{"class":284},"clean_name ",[56,136476,288],{"class":75},[56,136478,35503],{"class":284},[56,136480,497],{"class":66},[56,136482,8120],{"class":237},[56,136484,8123],{"class":66},[56,136486,8126],{"class":237},[56,136488,8129],{"class":66},[56,136490,136491],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,136492,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,136494,136495,136497,136499,136502,136504],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,136496,63],{"class":62},[56,136498,67],{"class":66},[56,136500,136501],{"class":237},"clean_name",[56,136503,3120],{"class":66},[56,136505,136506],{"class":3123},"  # alice\n",[42,136508,15095],{"id":15094},[14,136510,136511,136512,136515],{},"Strings are ",[3205,136513,136514],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[14,136517,136518,136519,136521],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[18,136520,123609],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[14,136523,136524,136525,136527],{},"So this does ",[3205,136526,4101],{}," update the original variable:",[47,136529,136531],{"className":49,"code":136530,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[18,136532,136533,136545,136555,136559],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136534,136535,136537,136539,136541,136543],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136536,34197],{"class":284},[56,136538,288],{"class":75},[56,136540,1448],{"class":937},[56,136542,135903],{"class":941},[56,136544,1454],{"class":937},[56,136546,136547,136549,136551,136553],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,136548,34218],{"class":284},[56,136550,497],{"class":66},[56,136552,8126],{"class":237},[56,136554,8129],{"class":66},[56,136556,136557],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,136558,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,136560,136561,136563,136565,136567,136569],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,136562,63],{"class":62},[56,136564,67],{"class":66},[56,136566,34218],{"class":237},[56,136568,3120],{"class":66},[56,136570,136571],{"class":3123},"  # HELLO\n",[14,136573,136574],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[47,136576,136578],{"className":49,"code":136577,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[18,136579,136580,136592,136606,136610],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136581,136582,136584,136586,136588,136590],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136583,34197],{"class":284},[56,136585,288],{"class":75},[56,136587,1448],{"class":937},[56,136589,135903],{"class":941},[56,136591,1454],{"class":937},[56,136593,136594,136596,136598,136600,136602,136604],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,136595,34197],{"class":284},[56,136597,288],{"class":75},[56,136599,42358],{"class":284},[56,136601,497],{"class":66},[56,136603,8126],{"class":237},[56,136605,8129],{"class":66},[56,136607,136608],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,136609,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,136611,136612,136614,136616,136618,136620],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,136613,63],{"class":62},[56,136615,67],{"class":66},[56,136617,34218],{"class":237},[56,136619,3120],{"class":66},[56,136621,135915],{"class":3123},[42,136623,912],{"id":911},[615,136625,25192],{"id":25191},[14,136627,136628,136629,10583,136631,497],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[18,136630,8126],{},[18,136632,123609],{},[14,136634,16143],{},[47,136636,136638],{"className":49,"code":136637,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[18,136639,136640,136652],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136641,136642,136644,136646,136648,136650],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136643,34197],{"class":284},[56,136645,288],{"class":75},[56,136647,1448],{"class":937},[56,136649,135903],{"class":941},[56,136651,1454],{"class":937},[56,136653,136654,136656,136658,136660,136662,136664],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,136655,63],{"class":62},[56,136657,67],{"class":66},[56,136659,34218],{"class":237},[56,136661,497],{"class":66},[56,136663,8126],{"class":24254},[56,136665,241],{"class":66},[14,136667,136668],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[14,136670,16155],{},[47,136672,136674],{"className":49,"code":136673,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[18,136675,136676,136688],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136677,136678,136680,136682,136684,136686],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136679,34197],{"class":284},[56,136681,288],{"class":75},[56,136683,1448],{"class":937},[56,136685,135903],{"class":941},[56,136687,1454],{"class":937},[56,136689,136690,136692,136694,136696,136698,136700],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,136691,63],{"class":62},[56,136693,67],{"class":66},[56,136695,34218],{"class":237},[56,136697,497],{"class":66},[56,136699,8126],{"class":237},[56,136701,6674],{"class":66},[615,136703,136705],{"id":136704},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[14,136707,136708],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[14,136710,16143],{},[47,136712,136714],{"className":49,"code":136713,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[18,136715,136716,136728,136738],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136717,136718,136720,136722,136724,136726],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136719,34197],{"class":284},[56,136721,288],{"class":75},[56,136723,1448],{"class":937},[56,136725,135903],{"class":941},[56,136727,1454],{"class":937},[56,136729,136730,136732,136734,136736],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,136731,34218],{"class":284},[56,136733,497],{"class":66},[56,136735,8126],{"class":237},[56,136737,8129],{"class":66},[56,136739,136740,136742,136744,136746,136748],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,136741,63],{"class":62},[56,136743,67],{"class":66},[56,136745,34218],{"class":237},[56,136747,3120],{"class":66},[56,136749,136750],{"class":3123},"  # still HELLO\n",[14,136752,16155],{},[47,136754,136756],{"className":49,"code":136755,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[18,136757,136758,136770,136784],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136759,136760,136762,136764,136766,136768],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136761,34197],{"class":284},[56,136763,288],{"class":75},[56,136765,1448],{"class":937},[56,136767,135903],{"class":941},[56,136769,1454],{"class":937},[56,136771,136772,136774,136776,136778,136780,136782],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,136773,34197],{"class":284},[56,136775,288],{"class":75},[56,136777,42358],{"class":284},[56,136779,497],{"class":66},[56,136781,8126],{"class":237},[56,136783,8129],{"class":66},[56,136785,136786,136788,136790,136792,136794],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,136787,63],{"class":62},[56,136789,67],{"class":66},[56,136791,34218],{"class":237},[56,136793,3120],{"class":66},[56,136795,135915],{"class":3123},[615,136797,7902,136799,136801],{"id":136798},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[18,136800,123609],{}," on a non-string value",[14,136803,136804,136806],{},[18,136805,123609],{}," only works on strings.",[14,136808,16143],{},[47,136810,136812],{"className":49,"code":136811,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[18,136813,136814,136822],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136815,136816,136818,136820],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136817,285],{"class":284},[56,136819,288],{"class":75},[56,136821,124561],{"class":79},[56,136823,136824,136826,136828,136830,136832,136834],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,136825,63],{"class":62},[56,136827,67],{"class":66},[56,136829,309],{"class":237},[56,136831,497],{"class":66},[56,136833,8126],{"class":237},[56,136835,6674],{"class":66},[14,136837,136838,136839,33109],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[18,136840,123609],{},[14,136842,136843],{},"You can check the type first:",[47,136845,136847],{"className":49,"code":136846,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[18,136848,136849,136861,136865,136879],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136850,136851,136853,136855,136857,136859],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136852,34197],{"class":284},[56,136854,288],{"class":75},[56,136856,1448],{"class":937},[56,136858,135903],{"class":941},[56,136860,1454],{"class":937},[56,136862,136863],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,136864,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,136866,136867,136869,136871,136873,136875,136877],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,136868,63],{"class":62},[56,136870,67],{"class":66},[56,136872,1314],{"class":989},[56,136874,67],{"class":66},[56,136876,34218],{"class":237},[56,136878,83],{"class":66},[56,136880,136881,136883,136885,136887,136889,136891],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,136882,63],{"class":62},[56,136884,67],{"class":66},[56,136886,34218],{"class":237},[56,136888,497],{"class":66},[56,136890,8126],{"class":237},[56,136892,6674],{"class":66},[615,136894,136896],{"id":136895},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[14,136898,136899],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[47,136901,136903],{"className":49,"code":136902,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[18,136904,136905,136918,136922,136939,136954,136960],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136906,136907,136909,136911,136913,136916],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136908,136122],{"class":284},[56,136910,288],{"class":75},[56,136912,1448],{"class":937},[56,136914,136915],{"class":941},"Yes",[56,136917,1454],{"class":937},[56,136919,136920],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,136921,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,136923,136924,136926,136929,136931,136933,136935,136937],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,136925,6477],{"class":3341},[56,136927,136928],{"class":284}," answer ",[56,136930,4159],{"class":75},[56,136932,1448],{"class":937},[56,136934,8144],{"class":941},[56,136936,938],{"class":937},[56,136938,5871],{"class":66},[56,136940,136941,136943,136945,136947,136950,136952],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,136942,7552],{"class":62},[56,136944,67],{"class":66},[56,136946,938],{"class":937},[56,136948,136949],{"class":941},"Match",[56,136951,938],{"class":937},[56,136953,241],{"class":66},[56,136955,136956,136958],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,136957,26939],{"class":3341},[56,136959,5871],{"class":66},[56,136961,136962,136964,136966,136968,136971,136973],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,136963,7552],{"class":62},[56,136965,67],{"class":66},[56,136967,938],{"class":937},[56,136969,136970],{"class":941},"No match",[56,136972,938],{"class":937},[56,136974,241],{"class":66},[14,136976,28567,136977,3862,136980,136983,136984,497],{},[18,136978,136979],{},"\"Yes\"",[18,136981,136982],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[18,136985,136970],{},[14,136987,136988],{},"Better:",[47,136990,136992],{"className":49,"code":136991,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[18,136993,136994,137006,137010,137032],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,136995,136996,136998,137000,137002,137004],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,136997,136122],{"class":284},[56,136999,288],{"class":75},[56,137001,1448],{"class":937},[56,137003,136915],{"class":941},[56,137005,1454],{"class":937},[56,137007,137008],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,137009,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,137011,137012,137014,137016,137018,137020,137022,137024,137026,137028,137030],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,137013,6477],{"class":3341},[56,137015,136142],{"class":284},[56,137017,497],{"class":66},[56,137019,8126],{"class":237},[56,137021,6846],{"class":66},[56,137023,5886],{"class":75},[56,137025,1448],{"class":937},[56,137027,8144],{"class":941},[56,137029,938],{"class":937},[56,137031,5871],{"class":66},[56,137033,137034,137036,137038,137040,137042,137044],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,137035,7552],{"class":62},[56,137037,67],{"class":66},[56,137039,938],{"class":937},[56,137041,136949],{"class":941},[56,137043,938],{"class":937},[56,137045,241],{"class":66},[615,137047,43730,137049,137052],{"id":137048},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[18,137050,137051],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[14,137054,137055,137056,137058],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[18,137057,123609],{}," is enough.",[14,137060,137061,137062,137064,137065,497],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[18,137063,137051],{}," can be stronger than ",[18,137066,123609],{},[14,137068,137069,137070,122121],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[18,137071,123609],{},[42,137073,137075,10075,137077],{"id":137074},"lower-vs-upper",[18,137076,123609],{},[18,137078,127757],{},[14,137080,137081,3862,137083,137085],{},[18,137082,123609],{},[18,137084,127757],{}," are very similar.",[26,137087,137088,137093,137098,137101],{},[29,137089,137090,137092],{},[18,137091,123609],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[29,137094,137095,137097],{},[18,137096,127757],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[29,137099,137100],{},"Both return new strings",[29,137102,137103],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[14,137105,274],{},[47,137107,137109],{"className":49,"code":137108,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[18,137110,137111,137123,137127,137143],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137112,137113,137115,137117,137119,137121],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137114,34197],{"class":284},[56,137116,288],{"class":75},[56,137118,1448],{"class":937},[56,137120,128598],{"class":941},[56,137122,1454],{"class":937},[56,137124,137125],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,137126,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,137128,137129,137131,137133,137135,137137,137139,137141],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,137130,63],{"class":62},[56,137132,67],{"class":66},[56,137134,34218],{"class":237},[56,137136,497],{"class":66},[56,137138,8126],{"class":237},[56,137140,135912],{"class":66},[56,137142,135810],{"class":3123},[56,137144,137145,137147,137149,137151,137153,137155,137157],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,137146,63],{"class":62},[56,137148,67],{"class":66},[56,137150,34218],{"class":237},[56,137152,497],{"class":66},[56,137154,33987],{"class":237},[56,137156,135912],{"class":66},[56,137158,137159],{"class":3123},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[14,137161,137162,137163,497],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[372,137164,125879,137166,10231],{"href":137165},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[18,137167,127757],{},[42,137169,1553],{"id":1552},[615,137171,12199,137173,124206],{"id":137172},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[18,137174,123609],{},[14,137176,137177],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[615,137179,12199,137181,137183],{"id":137180},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[18,137182,123609],{}," take any arguments?",[14,137185,137186,137187,497],{},"No. The method is called as ",[18,137188,137189],{},"string.lower()",[615,137191,4615,137193,12211],{"id":137192},"what-does-lower-return",[18,137194,123609],{},[14,137196,137197],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[615,137199,27834,137201,137203],{"id":137200},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[18,137202,123609],{}," on user input?",[14,137205,137206,137207,137209],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[18,137208,1046],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[615,137211,4653,137213,3862,137215,571],{"id":137212},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[18,137214,123609],{},[18,137216,137051],{},[14,137218,137219,137221,137222,137224],{},[18,137220,123609],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[18,137223,137051],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[42,137226,1601],{"id":1600},[26,137228,137229,137233,137239,137245,137251,137255,137259,137265],{},[29,137230,137231],{},[372,137232,50496],{"href":50495},[29,137234,137235],{},[372,137236,125879,137237,10231],{"href":137165},[18,137238,127757],{},[29,137240,137241],{},[372,137242,125879,137243,10231],{"href":136449},[18,137244,41169],{},[29,137246,137247],{},[372,137248,125879,137249,10231],{"href":129460},[18,137250,124050],{},[29,137252,137253],{},[372,137254,124278],{"href":123134},[29,137256,137257],{},[372,137258,90207],{"href":89216},[29,137260,137261],{},[372,137262,3031,137263,1610],{"href":7703},[18,137264,1046],{},[29,137266,137267],{},[372,137268,137269],{"href":135850},"What is a string in Python?",[1633,137271,137272],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":137274},[137275,137277,137278,137279,137280,137281,137282,137291,137293,137305],{"id":135820,"depth":86,"text":137276},"What lower() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":10967,"depth":86,"text":10968},{"id":16918,"depth":86,"text":16919},{"id":136269,"depth":86,"text":136270},{"id":15094,"depth":86,"text":15095},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912,"children":137283},[137284,137285,137286,137288,137289],{"id":25191,"depth":102,"text":25192},{"id":136704,"depth":102,"text":136705},{"id":136798,"depth":102,"text":137287},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":136895,"depth":102,"text":136896},{"id":137048,"depth":102,"text":137290},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137074,"depth":86,"text":137292},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":137294},[137295,137297,137299,137301,137303],{"id":137172,"depth":102,"text":137296},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137180,"depth":102,"text":137298},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137192,"depth":102,"text":137300},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137200,"depth":102,"text":137302},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137212,"depth":102,"text":137304},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135737,"description":137306},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137313,"title":137314,"body":137315,"description":138865,"extension":1665,"meta":138866,"navigation":316,"path":138867,"seo":138868,"stem":138869,"__hash__":138870},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137316,"toc":138826},[137317,137322,137327,137333,137348,137350,137410,137412,137421,137427,137432,137437,137439,137453,137457,137459,137506,137508,137526,137528,137531,137602,137604,137618,137621,137633,137642,137646,137651,137656,137660,137726,137728,137737,137741,137806,137808,137817,137820,137825,137829,137834,137838,137899,137901,137910,137914,137917,137973,137975,137984,137987,138000,138002,138006,138013,138075,138077,138090,138096,138099,138106,138111,138116,138119,138127,138129,138190,138192,138201,138204,138251,138254,138301,138303,138308,138325,138332,138337,138390,138392,138400,138402,138459,138461,138469,138473,138520,138522,138530,138538,138542,138590,138592,138601,138606,138657,138659,138668,138675,138678,138699,138701,138706,138709,138713,138716,138720,138723,138750,138756,138759,138786,138791,138793,138795,138823],[10,137318,122879,137320,10814],{"id":137319},"python-string-replace-method",[18,137321,124050],{},[14,137323,122884,137324,137326],{},[18,137325,124050],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[14,137328,137329,137330,137332],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[18,137331,124050],{},". You will learn:",[26,137334,137335,137339,137342,137345],{},[29,137336,25524,137337,3141],{},[18,137338,124050],{},[29,137340,137341],{},"how its syntax works",[29,137343,137344],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[29,137346,137347],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[42,137349,45],{"id":44},[47,137351,137353],{"className":49,"code":137352,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[18,137354,137355,137368,137400],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137356,137357,137359,137361,137363,137366],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137358,34197],{"class":284},[56,137360,288],{"class":75},[56,137362,1448],{"class":937},[56,137364,137365],{"class":941},"I like cats",[56,137367,1454],{"class":937},[56,137369,137370,137372,137374,137376,137378,137380,137382,137384,137387,137389,137391,137393,137396,137398],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,137371,129718],{"class":284},[56,137373,288],{"class":75},[56,137375,42358],{"class":284},[56,137377,497],{"class":66},[56,137379,34509],{"class":237},[56,137381,67],{"class":66},[56,137383,938],{"class":937},[56,137385,137386],{"class":941},"cats",[56,137388,938],{"class":937},[56,137390,1080],{"class":66},[56,137392,1448],{"class":937},[56,137394,137395],{"class":941},"dogs",[56,137397,938],{"class":937},[56,137399,241],{"class":66},[56,137401,137402,137404,137406,137408],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,137403,63],{"class":62},[56,137405,67],{"class":66},[56,137407,129749],{"class":237},[56,137409,241],{"class":66},[14,137411,130],{},[47,137413,137415],{"className":49,"code":137414,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"I like dogs\n",[18,137416,137417],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137418,137419],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137420,137414],{"class":284},[14,137422,153,137423,137426],{},[18,137424,137425],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[42,137428,3138,137430,3141],{"id":137429},"what-replace-does",[18,137431,124050],{},[14,137433,137434,137436],{},[18,137435,124050],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[14,137438,12548],{},[26,137440,137441,137443,137445,137448],{},[29,137442,133127],{},[29,137444,135845],{},[29,137446,137447],{},"It works on exact matches",[29,137449,137450,137451],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[18,137452,40775],{},[14,137454,124631,137455,497],{},[372,137456,124634],{"href":50495},[42,137458,4906],{"id":4905},[47,137460,137462],{"className":49,"code":137461,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[18,137463,137464,137484],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137465,137466,137468,137470,137472,137474,137477,137479,137482],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137467,60697],{"class":284},[56,137469,497],{"class":66},[56,137471,34509],{"class":237},[56,137473,67],{"class":66},[56,137475,137476],{"class":237},"old",[56,137478,1080],{"class":66},[56,137480,137481],{"class":237}," new",[56,137483,241],{"class":66},[56,137485,137486,137488,137490,137492,137494,137496,137498,137500,137502,137504],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,137487,60697],{"class":284},[56,137489,497],{"class":66},[56,137491,34509],{"class":237},[56,137493,67],{"class":66},[56,137495,137476],{"class":237},[56,137497,1080],{"class":66},[56,137499,137481],{"class":237},[56,137501,1080],{"class":66},[56,137503,49121],{"class":237},[56,137505,241],{"class":66},[615,137507,16895],{"id":16894},[26,137509,137510,137515,137521],{},[29,137511,137512,137514],{},[18,137513,137476],{}," = the text to find",[29,137516,137517,137520],{},[18,137518,137519],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[29,137522,137523,137525],{},[18,137524,40775],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[42,137527,5263],{"id":5262},[14,137529,137530],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[47,137532,137534],{"className":49,"code":137533,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[18,137535,137536,137548,137578,137582,137592],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137537,137538,137540,137542,137544,137546],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137539,34197],{"class":284},[56,137541,288],{"class":75},[56,137543,1448],{"class":937},[56,137545,137365],{"class":941},[56,137547,1454],{"class":937},[56,137549,137550,137552,137554,137556,137558,137560,137562,137564,137566,137568,137570,137572,137574,137576],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,137551,129718],{"class":284},[56,137553,288],{"class":75},[56,137555,42358],{"class":284},[56,137557,497],{"class":66},[56,137559,34509],{"class":237},[56,137561,67],{"class":66},[56,137563,938],{"class":937},[56,137565,137386],{"class":941},[56,137567,938],{"class":937},[56,137569,1080],{"class":66},[56,137571,1448],{"class":937},[56,137573,137395],{"class":941},[56,137575,938],{"class":937},[56,137577,241],{"class":66},[56,137579,137580],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,137581,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,137583,137584,137586,137588,137590],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,137585,63],{"class":62},[56,137587,67],{"class":66},[56,137589,34218],{"class":237},[56,137591,241],{"class":66},[56,137593,137594,137596,137598,137600],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,137595,63],{"class":62},[56,137597,67],{"class":66},[56,137599,129749],{"class":237},[56,137601,241],{"class":66},[14,137603,130],{},[47,137605,137607],{"className":49,"code":137606,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[18,137608,137609,137614],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137610,137611],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137612,137613],{"class":284},"I like cats\n",[56,137615,137616],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,137617,137414],{"class":284},[14,137619,137620],{},"Notice what happened:",[26,137622,137623,137628],{},[29,137624,137625,137627],{},[18,137626,34218],{}," did not change",[29,137629,137630,137632],{},[18,137631,129749],{}," contains the updated value",[14,137634,137635,137636,137638,137639,137641],{},"This happens because strings are ",[3205,137637,136514],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[18,137640,124050],{}," return a new string instead.",[42,137643,137645],{"id":137644},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[14,137647,89225,137648,137650],{},[18,137649,124050],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[14,137652,137653,137654,36134],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[18,137655,40775],{},[615,137657,137659],{"id":137658},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[47,137661,137663],{"className":49,"code":137662,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,137664,137665,137678,137712,137716],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137666,137667,137669,137671,137673,137676],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137668,34197],{"class":284},[56,137670,288],{"class":75},[56,137672,1448],{"class":937},[56,137674,137675],{"class":941},"cat cat cat",[56,137677,1454],{"class":937},[56,137679,137680,137682,137684,137686,137688,137690,137692,137694,137696,137698,137700,137702,137704,137706,137708,137710],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,137681,299],{"class":284},[56,137683,288],{"class":75},[56,137685,42358],{"class":284},[56,137687,497],{"class":66},[56,137689,34509],{"class":237},[56,137691,67],{"class":66},[56,137693,938],{"class":937},[56,137695,36560],{"class":941},[56,137697,938],{"class":937},[56,137699,1080],{"class":66},[56,137701,1448],{"class":937},[56,137703,57649],{"class":941},[56,137705,938],{"class":937},[56,137707,1080],{"class":66},[56,137709,4973],{"class":79},[56,137711,241],{"class":66},[56,137713,137714],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,137715,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,137717,137718,137720,137722,137724],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,137719,63],{"class":62},[56,137721,67],{"class":66},[56,137723,338],{"class":237},[56,137725,241],{"class":66},[14,137727,130],{},[47,137729,137731],{"className":49,"code":137730,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dog cat cat\n",[18,137732,137733],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137734,137735],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137736,137730],{"class":284},[615,137738,137740],{"id":137739},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[47,137742,137744],{"className":49,"code":137743,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,137745,137746,137758,137792,137796],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137747,137748,137750,137752,137754,137756],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137749,34197],{"class":284},[56,137751,288],{"class":75},[56,137753,1448],{"class":937},[56,137755,137675],{"class":941},[56,137757,1454],{"class":937},[56,137759,137760,137762,137764,137766,137768,137770,137772,137774,137776,137778,137780,137782,137784,137786,137788,137790],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,137761,299],{"class":284},[56,137763,288],{"class":75},[56,137765,42358],{"class":284},[56,137767,497],{"class":66},[56,137769,34509],{"class":237},[56,137771,67],{"class":66},[56,137773,938],{"class":937},[56,137775,36560],{"class":941},[56,137777,938],{"class":937},[56,137779,1080],{"class":66},[56,137781,1448],{"class":937},[56,137783,57649],{"class":941},[56,137785,938],{"class":937},[56,137787,1080],{"class":66},[56,137789,1083],{"class":79},[56,137791,241],{"class":66},[56,137793,137794],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,137795,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,137797,137798,137800,137802,137804],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,137799,63],{"class":62},[56,137801,67],{"class":66},[56,137803,338],{"class":237},[56,137805,241],{"class":66},[14,137807,130],{},[47,137809,137811],{"className":49,"code":137810,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"dog dog cat\n",[18,137812,137813],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137814,137815],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137816,137810],{"class":284},[14,137818,137819],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[14,137821,137822,137823,497],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[372,137824,127603],{"href":124047},[42,137826,137828],{"id":137827},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[14,137830,137831,137833],{},[18,137832,124050],{}," can also change single characters.",[615,137835,137837],{"id":137836},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[47,137839,137841],{"className":49,"code":137840,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,137842,137843,137855,137885,137889],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137844,137845,137847,137849,137851,137853],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137846,34197],{"class":284},[56,137848,288],{"class":75},[56,137850,1448],{"class":937},[56,137852,3555],{"class":941},[56,137854,1454],{"class":937},[56,137856,137857,137859,137861,137863,137865,137867,137869,137871,137873,137875,137877,137879,137881,137883],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,137858,299],{"class":284},[56,137860,288],{"class":75},[56,137862,42358],{"class":284},[56,137864,497],{"class":66},[56,137866,34509],{"class":237},[56,137868,67],{"class":66},[56,137870,938],{"class":937},[56,137872,372],{"class":941},[56,137874,938],{"class":937},[56,137876,1080],{"class":66},[56,137878,1448],{"class":937},[56,137880,59996],{"class":941},[56,137882,938],{"class":937},[56,137884,241],{"class":66},[56,137886,137887],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,137888,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,137890,137891,137893,137895,137897],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,137892,63],{"class":62},[56,137894,67],{"class":66},[56,137896,338],{"class":237},[56,137898,241],{"class":66},[14,137900,130],{},[47,137902,137904],{"className":49,"code":137903,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"bonono\n",[18,137905,137906],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137907,137908],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137909,137903],{"class":284},[615,137911,137913],{"id":137912},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[14,137915,137916],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[47,137918,137920],{"className":49,"code":137919,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,137921,137922,137935,137959,137963],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137923,137924,137926,137928,137930,137933],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137925,34197],{"class":284},[56,137927,288],{"class":75},[56,137929,1448],{"class":937},[56,137931,137932],{"class":941},"a b c",[56,137934,1454],{"class":937},[56,137936,137937,137939,137941,137943,137945,137947,137949,137951,137953,137955,137957],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,137938,299],{"class":284},[56,137940,288],{"class":75},[56,137942,42358],{"class":284},[56,137944,497],{"class":66},[56,137946,34509],{"class":237},[56,137948,67],{"class":66},[56,137950,938],{"class":937},[56,137952,1448],{"class":937},[56,137954,1080],{"class":66},[56,137956,5603],{"class":937},[56,137958,241],{"class":66},[56,137960,137961],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,137962,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,137964,137965,137967,137969,137971],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,137966,63],{"class":62},[56,137968,67],{"class":66},[56,137970,338],{"class":237},[56,137972,241],{"class":66},[14,137974,130],{},[47,137976,137978],{"className":49,"code":137977,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"abc\n",[18,137979,137980],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,137981,137982],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,137983,137977],{"class":284},[14,137985,137986],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[14,137988,137989,137990,137994,137995,137999],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[372,137991,125879,137992,10231],{"href":128566},[18,137993,60054],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[372,137996,125879,137997,10231],{"href":136449},[18,137998,41169],{}," is often a better choice.",[42,138001,123526],{"id":123525},[14,138003,138004,123337],{},[18,138005,124050],{},[14,138007,126924,138008,3862,138010,126931],{},[18,138009,112563],{},[18,138011,138012],{},"\"Cat\"",[47,138014,138016],{"className":49,"code":138015,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138017,138018,138031,138061,138065],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138019,138020,138022,138024,138026,138029],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138021,34197],{"class":284},[56,138023,288],{"class":75},[56,138025,1448],{"class":937},[56,138027,138028],{"class":941},"Cat cat CAT",[56,138030,1454],{"class":937},[56,138032,138033,138035,138037,138039,138041,138043,138045,138047,138049,138051,138053,138055,138057,138059],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,138034,299],{"class":284},[56,138036,288],{"class":75},[56,138038,42358],{"class":284},[56,138040,497],{"class":66},[56,138042,34509],{"class":237},[56,138044,67],{"class":66},[56,138046,938],{"class":937},[56,138048,36560],{"class":941},[56,138050,938],{"class":937},[56,138052,1080],{"class":66},[56,138054,1448],{"class":937},[56,138056,57649],{"class":941},[56,138058,938],{"class":937},[56,138060,241],{"class":66},[56,138062,138063],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,138064,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,138066,138067,138069,138071,138073],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,138068,63],{"class":62},[56,138070,67],{"class":66},[56,138072,338],{"class":237},[56,138074,241],{"class":66},[14,138076,130],{},[47,138078,138080],{"className":49,"code":138079,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Cat dog CAT\n",[18,138081,138082],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138083,138084,138087],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138085,138086],{"class":284},"Cat dog ",[56,138088,138089],{"class":33962},"CAT\n",[14,138091,138092,138093,138095],{},"Only the lowercase ",[18,138094,112563],{}," was replaced.",[14,138097,138098],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[14,138100,138101,138102,497],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[372,138103,125879,138104,10231],{"href":123606},[18,138105,123609],{},[42,138107,3138,138109,11199],{"id":138108},"what-replace-returns",[18,138110,124050],{},[14,138112,138113,138115],{},[18,138114,124050],{}," returns a new string.",[14,138117,138118],{},"If no match is found:",[26,138120,138121,138124],{},[29,138122,138123],{},"no error happens",[29,138125,138126],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[14,138128,274],{},[47,138130,138132],{"className":49,"code":138131,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,138133,138134,138146,138176,138180],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138135,138136,138138,138140,138142,138144],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138137,34197],{"class":284},[56,138139,288],{"class":75},[56,138141,1448],{"class":937},[56,138143,3309],{"class":941},[56,138145,1454],{"class":937},[56,138147,138148,138150,138152,138154,138156,138158,138160,138162,138164,138166,138168,138170,138172,138174],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,138149,299],{"class":284},[56,138151,288],{"class":75},[56,138153,42358],{"class":284},[56,138155,497],{"class":66},[56,138157,34509],{"class":237},[56,138159,67],{"class":66},[56,138161,938],{"class":937},[56,138163,238],{"class":941},[56,138165,938],{"class":937},[56,138167,1080],{"class":66},[56,138169,1448],{"class":937},[56,138171,11239],{"class":941},[56,138173,938],{"class":937},[56,138175,241],{"class":66},[56,138177,138178],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,138179,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,138181,138182,138184,138186,138188],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,138183,63],{"class":62},[56,138185,67],{"class":66},[56,138187,338],{"class":237},[56,138189,241],{"class":66},[14,138191,130],{},[47,138193,138195],{"className":49,"code":138194,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"hello\n",[18,138196,138197],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138198,138199],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138200,138194],{"class":284},[14,138202,138203],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[47,138205,138207],{"className":49,"code":138206,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[18,138208,138209,138221],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138210,138211,138213,138215,138217,138219],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138212,34197],{"class":284},[56,138214,288],{"class":75},[56,138216,1448],{"class":937},[56,138218,59929],{"class":941},[56,138220,1454],{"class":937},[56,138222,138223,138225,138227,138229,138231,138233,138235,138237,138239,138241,138243,138245,138247,138249],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,138224,129718],{"class":284},[56,138226,288],{"class":75},[56,138228,42358],{"class":284},[56,138230,497],{"class":66},[56,138232,34509],{"class":237},[56,138234,67],{"class":66},[56,138236,938],{"class":937},[56,138238,60114],{"class":941},[56,138240,938],{"class":937},[56,138242,1080],{"class":66},[56,138244,1448],{"class":937},[56,138246,6777],{"class":941},[56,138248,938],{"class":937},[56,138250,241],{"class":66},[14,138252,138253],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[47,138255,138257],{"className":49,"code":138256,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[18,138258,138259,138271],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138260,138261,138263,138265,138267,138269],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138262,34197],{"class":284},[56,138264,288],{"class":75},[56,138266,1448],{"class":937},[56,138268,59929],{"class":941},[56,138270,1454],{"class":937},[56,138272,138273,138275,138277,138279,138281,138283,138285,138287,138289,138291,138293,138295,138297,138299],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,138274,34197],{"class":284},[56,138276,288],{"class":75},[56,138278,42358],{"class":284},[56,138280,497],{"class":66},[56,138282,34509],{"class":237},[56,138284,67],{"class":66},[56,138286,938],{"class":937},[56,138288,60114],{"class":941},[56,138290,938],{"class":937},[56,138292,1080],{"class":66},[56,138294,1448],{"class":937},[56,138296,6777],{"class":941},[56,138298,938],{"class":937},[56,138300,241],{"class":66},[42,138302,3988],{"id":3987},[14,138304,138305,138306,971],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[18,138307,124050],{},[26,138309,138310,138313,138317,138320],{},[29,138311,138312],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[29,138314,7938,138315,131099],{},[18,138316,124050],{},[29,138318,138319],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[29,138321,36717,138322,138324],{},[18,138323,124050],{}," with regex-based replacements",[615,138326,138328,138329,138331],{"id":138327},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[18,138330,124050],{}," without assigning the result",[14,138333,138334,138335,971],{},"This does not update ",[18,138336,34218],{},[47,138338,138340],{"className":49,"code":138339,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,138341,138342,138354,138380],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138343,138344,138346,138348,138350,138352],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138345,34197],{"class":284},[56,138347,288],{"class":75},[56,138349,1448],{"class":937},[56,138351,137365],{"class":941},[56,138353,1454],{"class":937},[56,138355,138356,138358,138360,138362,138364,138366,138368,138370,138372,138374,138376,138378],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,138357,34218],{"class":284},[56,138359,497],{"class":66},[56,138361,34509],{"class":237},[56,138363,67],{"class":66},[56,138365,938],{"class":937},[56,138367,137386],{"class":941},[56,138369,938],{"class":937},[56,138371,1080],{"class":66},[56,138373,1448],{"class":937},[56,138375,137395],{"class":941},[56,138377,938],{"class":937},[56,138379,241],{"class":66},[56,138381,138382,138384,138386,138388],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,138383,63],{"class":62},[56,138385,67],{"class":66},[56,138387,34218],{"class":237},[56,138389,241],{"class":66},[14,138391,130],{},[47,138393,138394],{"className":49,"code":137613,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,138395,138396],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138397,138398],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138399,137613],{"class":284},[14,138401,10298],{},[47,138403,138405],{"className":49,"code":138404,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[18,138406,138407,138419,138449],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138408,138409,138411,138413,138415,138417],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138410,34197],{"class":284},[56,138412,288],{"class":75},[56,138414,1448],{"class":937},[56,138416,137365],{"class":941},[56,138418,1454],{"class":937},[56,138420,138421,138423,138425,138427,138429,138431,138433,138435,138437,138439,138441,138443,138445,138447],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,138422,34197],{"class":284},[56,138424,288],{"class":75},[56,138426,42358],{"class":284},[56,138428,497],{"class":66},[56,138430,34509],{"class":237},[56,138432,67],{"class":66},[56,138434,938],{"class":937},[56,138436,137386],{"class":941},[56,138438,938],{"class":937},[56,138440,1080],{"class":66},[56,138442,1448],{"class":937},[56,138444,137395],{"class":941},[56,138446,938],{"class":937},[56,138448,241],{"class":66},[56,138450,138451,138453,138455,138457],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,138452,63],{"class":62},[56,138454,67],{"class":66},[56,138456,34218],{"class":237},[56,138458,241],{"class":66},[14,138460,130],{},[47,138462,138463],{"className":49,"code":137414,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,138464,138465],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138466,138467],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138468,137414],{"class":284},[615,138470,138472],{"id":138471},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[47,138474,138476],{"className":49,"code":138475,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[18,138477,138478,138490],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138479,138480,138482,138484,138486,138488],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138481,34197],{"class":284},[56,138483,288],{"class":75},[56,138485,1448],{"class":937},[56,138487,34377],{"class":941},[56,138489,1454],{"class":937},[56,138491,138492,138494,138496,138498,138500,138502,138504,138506,138508,138510,138512,138514,138516,138518],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,138493,63],{"class":62},[56,138495,67],{"class":66},[56,138497,34218],{"class":237},[56,138499,497],{"class":66},[56,138501,34509],{"class":237},[56,138503,67],{"class":66},[56,138505,938],{"class":937},[56,138507,3309],{"class":941},[56,138509,938],{"class":937},[56,138511,1080],{"class":66},[56,138513,1448],{"class":937},[56,138515,89460],{"class":941},[56,138517,938],{"class":937},[56,138519,83],{"class":66},[14,138521,130],{},[47,138523,138524],{"className":49,"code":88473,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,138525,138526],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138527,138528],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138529,88473],{"class":284},[14,138531,138532,138533,3862,138535,138537],{},"Nothing changed because ",[18,138534,64058],{},[18,138536,89942],{}," are not the same.",[615,138539,138541],{"id":138540},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[47,138543,138545],{"className":49,"code":138544,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[18,138546,138547,138560],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138548,138549,138551,138553,138555,138558],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138550,34197],{"class":284},[56,138552,288],{"class":75},[56,138554,1448],{"class":937},[56,138556,138557],{"class":941},"red red red",[56,138559,1454],{"class":937},[56,138561,138562,138564,138566,138568,138570,138572,138574,138576,138578,138580,138582,138584,138586,138588],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,138563,63],{"class":62},[56,138565,67],{"class":66},[56,138567,34218],{"class":237},[56,138569,497],{"class":66},[56,138571,34509],{"class":237},[56,138573,67],{"class":66},[56,138575,938],{"class":937},[56,138577,12589],{"class":941},[56,138579,938],{"class":937},[56,138581,1080],{"class":66},[56,138583,1448],{"class":937},[56,138585,12606],{"class":941},[56,138587,938],{"class":937},[56,138589,83],{"class":66},[14,138591,130],{},[47,138593,138595],{"className":49,"code":138594,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"blue blue blue\n",[18,138596,138597],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138598,138599],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138600,138594],{"class":284},[14,138602,138603,138604,971],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[18,138605,40775],{},[47,138607,138609],{"className":49,"code":138608,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[18,138610,138611,138623],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138612,138613,138615,138617,138619,138621],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138614,34197],{"class":284},[56,138616,288],{"class":75},[56,138618,1448],{"class":937},[56,138620,138557],{"class":941},[56,138622,1454],{"class":937},[56,138624,138625,138627,138629,138631,138633,138635,138637,138639,138641,138643,138645,138647,138649,138651,138653,138655],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,138626,63],{"class":62},[56,138628,67],{"class":66},[56,138630,34218],{"class":237},[56,138632,497],{"class":66},[56,138634,34509],{"class":237},[56,138636,67],{"class":66},[56,138638,938],{"class":937},[56,138640,12589],{"class":941},[56,138642,938],{"class":937},[56,138644,1080],{"class":66},[56,138646,1448],{"class":937},[56,138648,12606],{"class":941},[56,138650,938],{"class":937},[56,138652,1080],{"class":66},[56,138654,4973],{"class":79},[56,138656,83],{"class":66},[14,138658,130],{},[47,138660,138662],{"className":49,"code":138661,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"blue red red\n",[18,138663,138664],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138665,138666],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138667,138661],{"class":284},[615,138669,138671,138672,138674],{"id":138670},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[18,138673,124050],{}," for the wrong task",[14,138676,138677],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[26,138679,138680,138687,138694],{},[29,138681,153,138682,138686],{},[372,138683,138684],{"href":128566},[18,138685,60054],{}," to break a string into a list",[29,138688,153,138689,138693],{},[372,138690,138691],{"href":136449},[18,138692,41169],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[29,138695,153,138696,138698],{},[18,138697,124050],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[42,138700,1553],{"id":1552},[615,138702,12199,138704,124206],{"id":138703},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[18,138705,124050],{},[14,138707,138708],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[615,138710,138712],{"id":138711},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[14,138714,138715],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[615,138717,138719],{"id":138718},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[14,138721,138722],{},"Use the third argument:",[47,138724,138726],{"className":49,"code":138725,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[18,138727,138728],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138729,138730,138732,138734,138736,138738,138740,138742,138744,138746,138748],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138731,34218],{"class":284},[56,138733,497],{"class":66},[56,138735,34509],{"class":237},[56,138737,67],{"class":66},[56,138739,137476],{"class":237},[56,138741,1080],{"class":66},[56,138743,137481],{"class":237},[56,138745,1080],{"class":66},[56,138747,4973],{"class":79},[56,138749,241],{"class":66},[615,138751,4643,138753,138755],{"id":138752},"can-replace-remove-text",[18,138754,124050],{}," remove text?",[14,138757,138758],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[47,138760,138762],{"className":49,"code":138761,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[18,138763,138764],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138765,138766,138768,138770,138772,138774,138776,138778,138780,138782,138784],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138767,34218],{"class":284},[56,138769,497],{"class":66},[56,138771,34509],{"class":237},[56,138773,67],{"class":66},[56,138775,938],{"class":937},[56,138777,238],{"class":941},[56,138779,938],{"class":937},[56,138781,1080],{"class":66},[56,138783,5603],{"class":937},[56,138785,241],{"class":66},[615,138787,14401,138789,124215],{"id":138788},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[18,138790,124050],{},[14,138792,129408],{},[42,138794,1601],{"id":1600},[26,138796,138797,138801,138807,138813,138819],{},[29,138798,138799],{},[372,138800,124285],{"href":124047},[29,138802,138803],{},[372,138804,125879,138805,10231],{"href":128566},[18,138806,60054],{},[29,138808,138809],{},[372,138810,125879,138811,10231],{"href":136449},[18,138812,41169],{},[29,138814,138815],{},[372,138816,125879,138817,10231],{"href":123606},[18,138818,123609],{},[29,138820,138821],{},[372,138822,124634],{"href":50495},[1633,138824,138825],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":138827},[138828,138829,138831,138834,138835,138839,138843,138844,138846,138854,138864],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":137429,"depth":86,"text":138830},"What replace() does",{"id":4905,"depth":86,"text":4906,"children":138832},[138833],{"id":16894,"depth":102,"text":16895},{"id":5262,"depth":86,"text":5263},{"id":137644,"depth":86,"text":137645,"children":138836},[138837,138838],{"id":137658,"depth":102,"text":137659},{"id":137739,"depth":102,"text":137740},{"id":137827,"depth":86,"text":137828,"children":138840},[138841,138842],{"id":137836,"depth":102,"text":137837},{"id":137912,"depth":102,"text":137913},{"id":123525,"depth":86,"text":123526},{"id":138108,"depth":86,"text":138845},"What replace() returns",{"id":3987,"depth":86,"text":3988,"children":138847},[138848,138850,138851,138852],{"id":138327,"depth":102,"text":138849},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138471,"depth":102,"text":138472},{"id":138540,"depth":102,"text":138541},{"id":138670,"depth":102,"text":138853},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":138855},[138856,138858,138859,138860,138862],{"id":138703,"depth":102,"text":138857},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138711,"depth":102,"text":138712},{"id":138718,"depth":102,"text":138719},{"id":138752,"depth":102,"text":138861},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138788,"depth":102,"text":138863},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137314,"description":138865},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":138872,"title":138873,"body":138874,"description":140893,"extension":1665,"meta":140894,"navigation":316,"path":140895,"seo":140896,"stem":140897,"__hash__":140898},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":138875,"toc":140857},[138876,138881,138886,138889,138900,138902,138957,138962,138967,138974,138976,138991,138993,139049,139051,139089,139094,139096,139120,139123,139136,139141,139143,139175,139177,139210,139216,139221,139224,139234,139237,139239,139295,139297,139347,139350,139358,139361,139417,139419,139492,139505,139513,139517,139528,139531,139534,139587,139589,139621,139624,139678,139680,139715,139718,139723,139728,139733,139736,139738,139796,139798,139832,139834,139849,139852,139854,139896,139898,139924,139929,139937,139940,139942,140024,140026,140077,140080,140091,140099,140101,140174,140176,140194,140198,140201,140205,140232,140234,140242,140246,140281,140283,140296,140300,140303,140342,140344,140361,140366,140371,140382,140385,140396,140398,140400,140426,140429,140478,140480,140497,140500,140502,140554,140556,140588,140591,140649,140654,140656,140661,140764,140766,140780,140782,140789,140794,140799,140804,140809,140814,140817,140821,140826,140828,140854],[10,138877,122879,138879,10814],{"id":138878},"python-string-split-method",[18,138880,60054],{},[14,138882,122884,138883,138885],{},[18,138884,60054],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[14,138887,138888],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[26,138890,138891,138894,138897],{},[29,138892,138893],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[29,138895,138896],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[29,138898,138899],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[42,138901,45],{"id":44},[47,138903,138905],{"className":49,"code":138904,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[18,138906,138907,138920,138942,138952],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138908,138909,138911,138913,138915,138918],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,138910,34197],{"class":284},[56,138912,288],{"class":75},[56,138914,1448],{"class":937},[56,138916,138917],{"class":941},"apple,banana,cherry",[56,138919,1454],{"class":937},[56,138921,138922,138924,138926,138928,138930,138932,138934,138936,138938,138940],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,138923,42353],{"class":284},[56,138925,288],{"class":75},[56,138927,42358],{"class":284},[56,138929,497],{"class":66},[56,138931,33978],{"class":237},[56,138933,67],{"class":66},[56,138935,938],{"class":937},[56,138937,1080],{"class":941},[56,138939,938],{"class":937},[56,138941,241],{"class":66},[56,138943,138944,138946,138948,138950],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,138945,63],{"class":62},[56,138947,67],{"class":66},[56,138949,42385],{"class":237},[56,138951,241],{"class":66},[56,138953,138954],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,138955,138956],{"class":3123},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[14,138958,153,138959,138961],{},[18,138960,60054],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[42,138963,3138,138965,3141],{"id":138964},"what-split-does",[18,138966,60054],{},[14,138968,138969,131927,138971,497],{},[18,138970,60054],{},[3205,138972,138973],{},"string method",[14,138975,48446],{},[26,138977,138978,138981,138986],{},[29,138979,138980],{},"divides a string into parts",[29,138982,119181,138983],{},[3205,138984,138985],{},"new list of strings",[29,138987,119187,138988,138990],{},[3205,138989,4101],{}," change the original string",[14,138992,274],{},[47,138994,138996],{"className":49,"code":138995,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[18,138997,138998,139011,139025,139029,139039],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,138999,139000,139002,139004,139006,139009],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139001,34197],{"class":284},[56,139003,288],{"class":75},[56,139005,1448],{"class":937},[56,139007,139008],{"class":941},"red blue green",[56,139010,1454],{"class":937},[56,139012,139013,139015,139017,139019,139021,139023],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,139014,42353],{"class":284},[56,139016,288],{"class":75},[56,139018,42358],{"class":284},[56,139020,497],{"class":66},[56,139022,33978],{"class":237},[56,139024,8129],{"class":66},[56,139026,139027],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,139028,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,139030,139031,139033,139035,139037],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,139032,63],{"class":62},[56,139034,67],{"class":66},[56,139036,34218],{"class":237},[56,139038,241],{"class":66},[56,139040,139041,139043,139045,139047],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,139042,63],{"class":62},[56,139044,67],{"class":66},[56,139046,42385],{"class":237},[56,139048,241],{"class":66},[14,139050,130],{},[47,139052,139054],{"className":49,"code":139053,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[18,139055,139056,139061],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139057,139058],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139059,139060],{"class":284},"red blue green\n",[56,139062,139063,139065,139067,139069,139071,139073,139075,139077,139079,139081,139083,139085,139087],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,139064,3366],{"class":66},[56,139066,1394],{"class":937},[56,139068,12589],{"class":941},[56,139070,1394],{"class":937},[56,139072,1080],{"class":66},[56,139074,1389],{"class":937},[56,139076,12606],{"class":941},[56,139078,1394],{"class":937},[56,139080,1080],{"class":66},[56,139082,1389],{"class":937},[56,139084,16956],{"class":941},[56,139086,1394],{"class":937},[56,139088,3093],{"class":66},[14,139090,139091,139092,497],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[372,139093,124634],{"href":50495},[42,139095,220],{"id":219},[47,139097,139099],{"className":49,"code":139098,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[18,139100,139101],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139102,139103,139105,139107,139109,139111,139113,139115,139118],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139104,60697],{"class":284},[56,139106,497],{"class":66},[56,139108,33978],{"class":237},[56,139110,67],{"class":66},[56,139112,133283],{"class":237},[56,139114,1080],{"class":66},[56,139116,139117],{"class":237}," maxsplit",[56,139119,241],{"class":66},[14,139121,139122],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[26,139124,139125,139130],{},[29,139126,139127,139129],{},[18,139128,133283],{}," tells Python where to split",[29,139131,139132,139135],{},[18,139133,139134],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[14,139137,8362,139138,139140],{},[18,139139,133283],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139142,274],{},[47,139144,139146],{"className":49,"code":139145,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[18,139147,139148,139161],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139149,139150,139152,139154,139156,139159],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139151,34197],{"class":284},[56,139153,288],{"class":75},[56,139155,1448],{"class":937},[56,139157,139158],{"class":941},"one two three",[56,139160,1454],{"class":937},[56,139162,139163,139165,139167,139169,139171,139173],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,139164,63],{"class":62},[56,139166,67],{"class":66},[56,139168,34218],{"class":237},[56,139170,497],{"class":66},[56,139172,33978],{"class":237},[56,139174,6674],{"class":66},[14,139176,130],{},[47,139178,139180],{"className":49,"code":139179,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[18,139181,139182],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139183,139184,139186,139188,139190,139192,139194,139196,139198,139200,139202,139204,139206,139208],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139185,3366],{"class":66},[56,139187,1394],{"class":937},[56,139189,6064],{"class":941},[56,139191,1394],{"class":937},[56,139193,1080],{"class":66},[56,139195,1389],{"class":937},[56,139197,78795],{"class":941},[56,139199,1394],{"class":937},[56,139201,1080],{"class":66},[56,139203,1389],{"class":937},[56,139205,133765],{"class":941},[56,139207,1394],{"class":937},[56,139209,3093],{"class":66},[42,139211,7902,139213,139215],{"id":139212},"using-split-with-no-separator",[18,139214,60054],{}," with no separator",[14,139217,69698,139218,139220],{},[18,139219,60054],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139222,139223],{},"Whitespace includes:",[26,139225,139226,139228,139231],{},[29,139227,9941],{},[29,139229,139230],{},"tabs",[29,139232,139233],{},"new lines",[14,139235,139236],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[14,139238,274],{},[47,139240,139242],{"className":49,"code":139241,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139243,139244,139267,139281,139285],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139245,139246,139248,139250,139252,139255,139258,139260,139262,139265],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139247,34197],{"class":284},[56,139249,288],{"class":75},[56,139251,1448],{"class":937},[56,139253,139254],{"class":941},"Python   is",[56,139256,139257],{"class":33962},"\\t",[56,139259,133019],{"class":941},[56,139261,86677],{"class":33962},[56,139263,139264],{"class":941},"and useful",[56,139266,1454],{"class":937},[56,139268,139269,139271,139273,139275,139277,139279],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,139270,42353],{"class":284},[56,139272,288],{"class":75},[56,139274,42358],{"class":284},[56,139276,497],{"class":66},[56,139278,33978],{"class":237},[56,139280,8129],{"class":66},[56,139282,139283],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,139284,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,139286,139287,139289,139291,139293],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,139288,63],{"class":62},[56,139290,67],{"class":66},[56,139292,42385],{"class":237},[56,139294,241],{"class":66},[14,139296,130],{},[47,139298,139300],{"className":49,"code":139299,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[18,139301,139302],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139303,139304,139306,139308,139310,139312,139314,139316,139318,139320,139322,139324,139326,139328,139330,139332,139334,139336,139338,139340,139343,139345],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139305,3366],{"class":66},[56,139307,1394],{"class":937},[56,139309,6777],{"class":941},[56,139311,1394],{"class":937},[56,139313,1080],{"class":66},[56,139315,1389],{"class":937},[56,139317,11688],{"class":941},[56,139319,1394],{"class":937},[56,139321,1080],{"class":66},[56,139323,1389],{"class":937},[56,139325,133019],{"class":941},[56,139327,1394],{"class":937},[56,139329,1080],{"class":66},[56,139331,1389],{"class":937},[56,139333,129644],{"class":941},[56,139335,1394],{"class":937},[56,139337,1080],{"class":66},[56,139339,1389],{"class":937},[56,139341,139342],{"class":941},"useful",[56,139344,1394],{"class":937},[56,139346,3093],{"class":66},[14,139348,139349],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[615,139351,139353,10075,139355],{"id":139352},"split-vs-split",[18,139354,60054],{},[18,139356,139357],{},"split(' ')",[14,139359,139360],{},"These are not the same.",[47,139362,139364],{"className":49,"code":139363,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[18,139365,139366,139379,139383,139397],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139367,139368,139370,139372,139374,139377],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139369,34197],{"class":284},[56,139371,288],{"class":75},[56,139373,1448],{"class":937},[56,139375,139376],{"class":941},"a  b   c",[56,139378,1454],{"class":937},[56,139380,139381],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,139382,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,139384,139385,139387,139389,139391,139393,139395],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,139386,63],{"class":62},[56,139388,67],{"class":66},[56,139390,34218],{"class":237},[56,139392,497],{"class":66},[56,139394,33978],{"class":237},[56,139396,6674],{"class":66},[56,139398,139399,139401,139403,139405,139407,139409,139411,139413,139415],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,139400,63],{"class":62},[56,139402,67],{"class":66},[56,139404,34218],{"class":237},[56,139406,497],{"class":66},[56,139408,33978],{"class":237},[56,139410,67],{"class":66},[56,139412,938],{"class":937},[56,139414,1448],{"class":937},[56,139416,83],{"class":66},[14,139418,130],{},[47,139420,139422],{"className":49,"code":139421,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[18,139423,139424,139452],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139425,139426,139428,139430,139432,139434,139436,139438,139440,139442,139444,139446,139448,139450],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139427,3366],{"class":66},[56,139429,1394],{"class":937},[56,139431,372],{"class":941},[56,139433,1394],{"class":937},[56,139435,1080],{"class":66},[56,139437,1389],{"class":937},[56,139439,4232],{"class":941},[56,139441,1394],{"class":937},[56,139443,1080],{"class":66},[56,139445,1389],{"class":937},[56,139447,9228],{"class":941},[56,139449,1394],{"class":937},[56,139451,3093],{"class":66},[56,139453,139454,139456,139458,139460,139462,139464,139466,139468,139470,139472,139474,139476,139478,139480,139482,139484,139486,139488,139490],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,139455,3366],{"class":66},[56,139457,1394],{"class":937},[56,139459,372],{"class":941},[56,139461,1394],{"class":937},[56,139463,1080],{"class":66},[56,139465,3302],{"class":937},[56,139467,1080],{"class":66},[56,139469,1389],{"class":937},[56,139471,4232],{"class":941},[56,139473,1394],{"class":937},[56,139475,1080],{"class":66},[56,139477,3302],{"class":937},[56,139479,1080],{"class":66},[56,139481,3302],{"class":937},[56,139483,1080],{"class":66},[56,139485,1389],{"class":937},[56,139487,9228],{"class":941},[56,139489,1394],{"class":937},[56,139491,3093],{"class":66},[26,139493,139494,139499],{},[29,139495,139496,139498],{},[18,139497,60054],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[29,139500,139501,139504],{},[18,139502,139503],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[14,139506,139507,139508,139512],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[372,139509,125879,139510,10231],{"href":136449},[18,139511,41169],{}," is often useful.",[42,139514,139516],{"id":139515},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[14,139518,139519,139520,255,139523,259,139525,497],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[18,139521,139522],{},"\",\"",[18,139524,133118],{},[18,139526,139527],{},"\"::\"",[14,139529,139530],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[14,139532,139533],{},"Example with commas:",[47,139535,139537],{"className":49,"code":139536,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139538,139539,139551,139573,139577],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139540,139541,139543,139545,139547,139549],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139542,34197],{"class":284},[56,139544,288],{"class":75},[56,139546,1448],{"class":937},[56,139548,138917],{"class":941},[56,139550,1454],{"class":937},[56,139552,139553,139555,139557,139559,139561,139563,139565,139567,139569,139571],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,139554,42353],{"class":284},[56,139556,288],{"class":75},[56,139558,42358],{"class":284},[56,139560,497],{"class":66},[56,139562,33978],{"class":237},[56,139564,67],{"class":66},[56,139566,938],{"class":937},[56,139568,1080],{"class":941},[56,139570,938],{"class":937},[56,139572,241],{"class":66},[56,139574,139575],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,139576,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,139578,139579,139581,139583,139585],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,139580,63],{"class":62},[56,139582,67],{"class":66},[56,139584,42385],{"class":237},[56,139586,241],{"class":66},[14,139588,130],{},[47,139590,139591],{"className":49,"code":77974,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,139592,139593],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139594,139595,139597,139599,139601,139603,139605,139607,139609,139611,139613,139615,139617,139619],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139596,3366],{"class":66},[56,139598,1394],{"class":937},[56,139600,3546],{"class":941},[56,139602,1394],{"class":937},[56,139604,1080],{"class":66},[56,139606,1389],{"class":937},[56,139608,3555],{"class":941},[56,139610,1394],{"class":937},[56,139612,1080],{"class":66},[56,139614,1389],{"class":937},[56,139616,3564],{"class":941},[56,139618,1394],{"class":937},[56,139620,3093],{"class":66},[14,139622,139623],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[47,139625,139627],{"className":49,"code":139626,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139628,139629,139642,139664,139668],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139630,139631,139633,139635,139637,139640],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139632,34197],{"class":284},[56,139634,288],{"class":75},[56,139636,1448],{"class":937},[56,139638,139639],{"class":941},"2024::10::31",[56,139641,1454],{"class":937},[56,139643,139644,139646,139648,139650,139652,139654,139656,139658,139660,139662],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,139645,42353],{"class":284},[56,139647,288],{"class":75},[56,139649,42358],{"class":284},[56,139651,497],{"class":66},[56,139653,33978],{"class":237},[56,139655,67],{"class":66},[56,139657,938],{"class":937},[56,139659,76191],{"class":941},[56,139661,938],{"class":937},[56,139663,241],{"class":66},[56,139665,139666],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,139667,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,139669,139670,139672,139674,139676],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,139671,63],{"class":62},[56,139673,67],{"class":66},[56,139675,42385],{"class":237},[56,139677,241],{"class":66},[14,139679,130],{},[47,139681,139683],{"className":49,"code":139682,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[18,139684,139685],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139686,139687,139689,139691,139694,139696,139698,139700,139702,139704,139706,139708,139711,139713],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139688,3366],{"class":66},[56,139690,1394],{"class":937},[56,139692,139693],{"class":941},"2024",[56,139695,1394],{"class":937},[56,139697,1080],{"class":66},[56,139699,1389],{"class":937},[56,139701,406],{"class":941},[56,139703,1394],{"class":937},[56,139705,1080],{"class":66},[56,139707,1389],{"class":937},[56,139709,139710],{"class":941},"31",[56,139712,1394],{"class":937},[56,139714,3093],{"class":66},[14,139716,139717],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[14,139719,139720,139721,497],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[372,139722,128563],{"href":128562},[42,139724,7902,139726],{"id":139725},"using-maxsplit",[18,139727,139134],{},[14,139729,139730,139732],{},[18,139731,139134],{}," limits the number of splits.",[14,139734,139735],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[14,139737,274],{},[47,139739,139741],{"className":49,"code":139740,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[18,139742,139743,139756,139782,139786],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139744,139745,139747,139749,139751,139754],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139746,34197],{"class":284},[56,139748,288],{"class":75},[56,139750,1448],{"class":937},[56,139752,139753],{"class":941},"name:age:city:country",[56,139755,1454],{"class":937},[56,139757,139758,139760,139762,139764,139766,139768,139770,139772,139774,139776,139778,139780],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,139759,42353],{"class":284},[56,139761,288],{"class":75},[56,139763,42358],{"class":284},[56,139765,497],{"class":66},[56,139767,33978],{"class":237},[56,139769,67],{"class":66},[56,139771,938],{"class":937},[56,139773,971],{"class":941},[56,139775,938],{"class":937},[56,139777,1080],{"class":66},[56,139779,1083],{"class":79},[56,139781,241],{"class":66},[56,139783,139784],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,139785,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,139787,139788,139790,139792,139794],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,139789,63],{"class":62},[56,139791,67],{"class":66},[56,139793,42385],{"class":237},[56,139795,241],{"class":66},[14,139797,130],{},[47,139799,139801],{"className":49,"code":139800,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[18,139802,139803],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139804,139805,139807,139809,139811,139813,139815,139817,139819,139821,139823,139825,139828,139830],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139806,3366],{"class":66},[56,139808,1394],{"class":937},[56,139810,7149],{"class":941},[56,139812,1394],{"class":937},[56,139814,1080],{"class":66},[56,139816,1389],{"class":937},[56,139818,8787],{"class":941},[56,139820,1394],{"class":937},[56,139822,1080],{"class":66},[56,139824,1389],{"class":937},[56,139826,139827],{"class":941},"city:country",[56,139829,1394],{"class":937},[56,139831,3093],{"class":66},[14,139833,244],{},[26,139835,139836,139841,139846],{},[29,139837,139838,139839],{},"Python splits at the first ",[18,139840,971],{},[29,139842,139843,139844],{},"then splits at the second ",[18,139845,971],{},[29,139847,139848],{},"then stops",[14,139850,139851],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[14,139853,51600],{},[47,139855,139857],{"className":49,"code":139856,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[18,139858,139859,139872],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139860,139861,139863,139865,139867,139870],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139862,34197],{"class":284},[56,139864,288],{"class":75},[56,139866,1448],{"class":937},[56,139868,139869],{"class":941},"apple banana cherry grape",[56,139871,1454],{"class":937},[56,139873,139874,139876,139878,139880,139882,139884,139886,139888,139890,139892,139894],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,139875,63],{"class":62},[56,139877,67],{"class":66},[56,139879,34218],{"class":237},[56,139881,497],{"class":66},[56,139883,33978],{"class":237},[56,139885,67],{"class":66},[56,139887,938],{"class":937},[56,139889,1448],{"class":937},[56,139891,1080],{"class":66},[56,139893,4973],{"class":79},[56,139895,83],{"class":66},[14,139897,130],{},[47,139899,139901],{"className":49,"code":139900,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[18,139902,139903],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139904,139905,139907,139909,139911,139913,139915,139917,139920,139922],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139906,3366],{"class":66},[56,139908,1394],{"class":937},[56,139910,3546],{"class":941},[56,139912,1394],{"class":937},[56,139914,1080],{"class":66},[56,139916,1389],{"class":937},[56,139918,139919],{"class":941},"banana cherry grape",[56,139921,1394],{"class":937},[56,139923,3093],{"class":66},[42,139925,3138,139927,11199],{"id":139926},"what-split-returns",[18,139928,60054],{},[14,139930,139931,139932,139934,139935,497],{},"The result of ",[18,139933,60054],{}," is always a ",[3205,139936,7577],{},[14,139938,139939],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[14,139941,274],{},[47,139943,139945],{"className":49,"code":139944,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[18,139946,139947,139960,139982,139986,139996,140010],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,139948,139949,139951,139953,139955,139958],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,139950,34197],{"class":284},[56,139952,288],{"class":75},[56,139954,1448],{"class":937},[56,139956,139957],{"class":941},"cat,dog,bird",[56,139959,1454],{"class":937},[56,139961,139962,139964,139966,139968,139970,139972,139974,139976,139978,139980],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,139963,42353],{"class":284},[56,139965,288],{"class":75},[56,139967,42358],{"class":284},[56,139969,497],{"class":66},[56,139971,33978],{"class":237},[56,139973,67],{"class":66},[56,139975,938],{"class":937},[56,139977,1080],{"class":941},[56,139979,938],{"class":937},[56,139981,241],{"class":66},[56,139983,139984],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,139985,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,139987,139988,139990,139992,139994],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,139989,63],{"class":62},[56,139991,67],{"class":66},[56,139993,42385],{"class":237},[56,139995,241],{"class":66},[56,139997,139998,140000,140002,140004,140006,140008],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,139999,63],{"class":62},[56,140001,67],{"class":66},[56,140003,1314],{"class":989},[56,140005,67],{"class":66},[56,140007,42385],{"class":237},[56,140009,83],{"class":66},[56,140011,140012,140014,140016,140018,140020,140022],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,140013,63],{"class":62},[56,140015,67],{"class":66},[56,140017,42385],{"class":237},[56,140019,3366],{"class":66},[56,140021,181],{"class":79},[56,140023,3354],{"class":66},[14,140025,130],{},[47,140027,140029],{"className":49,"code":140028,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[18,140030,140031,140059,140073],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140032,140033,140035,140037,140039,140041,140043,140045,140047,140049,140051,140053,140055,140057],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140034,3366],{"class":66},[56,140036,1394],{"class":937},[56,140038,36560],{"class":941},[56,140040,1394],{"class":937},[56,140042,1080],{"class":66},[56,140044,1389],{"class":937},[56,140046,57649],{"class":941},[56,140048,1394],{"class":937},[56,140050,1080],{"class":66},[56,140052,1389],{"class":937},[56,140054,57666],{"class":941},[56,140056,1394],{"class":937},[56,140058,3093],{"class":66},[56,140060,140061,140063,140065,140067,140069,140071],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,140062,1383],{"class":75},[56,140064,1386],{"class":124},[56,140066,1389],{"class":937},[56,140068,7577],{"class":941},[56,140070,1394],{"class":937},[56,140072,1397],{"class":75},[56,140074,140075],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,140076,84993],{"class":284},[14,140078,140079],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[26,140081,140082,140085,140088],{},[29,140083,140084],{},"loop over it",[29,140086,140087],{},"access items by index",[29,140089,140090],{},"combine items again later",[14,140092,140093,140094,497],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[372,140095,125879,140097,10231],{"href":140096},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[18,140098,132961],{},[14,140100,274],{},[47,140102,140104],{"className":49,"code":140103,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[18,140105,140106,140138,140160,140164],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140107,140108,140110,140112,140114,140116,140118,140120,140122,140124,140126,140128,140130,140132,140134,140136],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140109,42353],{"class":284},[56,140111,288],{"class":75},[56,140113,3080],{"class":66},[56,140115,1394],{"class":937},[56,140117,36560],{"class":941},[56,140119,1394],{"class":937},[56,140121,1080],{"class":66},[56,140123,1389],{"class":937},[56,140125,57649],{"class":941},[56,140127,1394],{"class":937},[56,140129,1080],{"class":66},[56,140131,1389],{"class":937},[56,140133,57666],{"class":941},[56,140135,1394],{"class":937},[56,140137,3093],{"class":66},[56,140139,140140,140142,140144,140146,140148,140150,140152,140154,140156,140158],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,140141,34197],{"class":284},[56,140143,288],{"class":75},[56,140145,1448],{"class":937},[56,140147,76],{"class":941},[56,140149,938],{"class":937},[56,140151,497],{"class":66},[56,140153,133038],{"class":237},[56,140155,67],{"class":66},[56,140157,42385],{"class":237},[56,140159,241],{"class":66},[56,140161,140162],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,140163,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,140165,140166,140168,140170,140172],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,140167,63],{"class":62},[56,140169,67],{"class":66},[56,140171,34218],{"class":237},[56,140173,241],{"class":66},[14,140175,130],{},[47,140177,140179],{"className":49,"code":140178,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"cat-dog-bird\n",[18,140180,140181],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140182,140183,140185,140187,140189,140191],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140184,36560],{"class":284},[56,140186,76],{"class":75},[56,140188,57649],{"class":284},[56,140190,76],{"class":75},[56,140192,140193],{"class":284},"bird\n",[42,140195,140197],{"id":140196},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[14,140199,140200],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[615,140202,140204],{"id":140203},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[47,140206,140208],{"className":49,"code":140207,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[18,140209,140210,140218],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140211,140212,140214,140216],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140213,34197],{"class":284},[56,140215,288],{"class":75},[56,140217,7364],{"class":937},[56,140219,140220,140222,140224,140226,140228,140230],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,140221,63],{"class":62},[56,140223,67],{"class":66},[56,140225,34218],{"class":237},[56,140227,497],{"class":66},[56,140229,33978],{"class":237},[56,140231,6674],{"class":66},[14,140233,130],{},[47,140235,140236],{"className":49,"code":37811,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,140237,140238],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140239,140240],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140241,37811],{"class":66},[615,140243,140245],{"id":140244},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[47,140247,140249],{"className":49,"code":140248,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[18,140250,140251,140259],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140252,140253,140255,140257],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140254,34197],{"class":284},[56,140256,288],{"class":75},[56,140258,7364],{"class":937},[56,140260,140261,140263,140265,140267,140269,140271,140273,140275,140277,140279],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,140262,63],{"class":62},[56,140264,67],{"class":66},[56,140266,34218],{"class":237},[56,140268,497],{"class":66},[56,140270,33978],{"class":237},[56,140272,67],{"class":66},[56,140274,938],{"class":937},[56,140276,1080],{"class":941},[56,140278,938],{"class":937},[56,140280,83],{"class":66},[14,140282,130],{},[47,140284,140286],{"className":49,"code":140285,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['']\n",[18,140287,140288],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140289,140290,140292,140294],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140291,3366],{"class":66},[56,140293,3236],{"class":937},[56,140295,3093],{"class":66},[615,140297,140299],{"id":140298},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[14,140301,140302],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[47,140304,140306],{"className":49,"code":140305,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[18,140307,140308,140320],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140309,140310,140312,140314,140316,140318],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140311,34197],{"class":284},[56,140313,288],{"class":75},[56,140315,1448],{"class":937},[56,140317,3309],{"class":941},[56,140319,1454],{"class":937},[56,140321,140322,140324,140326,140328,140330,140332,140334,140336,140338,140340],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,140323,63],{"class":62},[56,140325,67],{"class":66},[56,140327,34218],{"class":237},[56,140329,497],{"class":66},[56,140331,33978],{"class":237},[56,140333,67],{"class":66},[56,140335,938],{"class":937},[56,140337,1080],{"class":941},[56,140339,938],{"class":937},[56,140341,83],{"class":66},[14,140343,130],{},[47,140345,140347],{"className":49,"code":140346,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"['hello']\n",[18,140348,140349],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140350,140351,140353,140355,140357,140359],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140352,3366],{"class":66},[56,140354,1394],{"class":937},[56,140356,3309],{"class":941},[56,140358,1394],{"class":937},[56,140360,3093],{"class":66},[42,140362,4433,140364],{"id":140363},"when-to-use-split",[18,140365,60054],{},[14,140367,153,140368,140370],{},[18,140369,60054],{}," when you need to:",[26,140372,140373,140376,140379],{},[29,140374,140375],{},"split a sentence into words",[29,140377,140378],{},"split comma-separated values",[29,140380,140381],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[14,140383,140384],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[26,140386,140387,140390,140393],{},[29,140388,140389],{},"cleaning text",[29,140391,140392],{},"parsing user input",[29,140394,140395],{},"processing simple file content",[42,140397,912],{"id":911},[14,140399,83764],{},[26,140401,140402,140406,140412,140415,140423],{},[29,140403,50025,140404,131099],{},[18,140405,60054],{},[29,140407,140408,140409,140411],{},"forgetting that ",[18,140410,60054],{}," returns a list, not a string",[29,140413,140414],{},"using the wrong separator",[29,140416,140417,140418,140420,140421],{},"assuming ",[18,140419,139357],{}," behaves the same as ",[18,140422,60054],{},[29,140424,140425],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[14,140427,140428],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[47,140430,140432],{"className":49,"code":140431,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[18,140433,140434,140446,140464,140468],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140435,140436,140438,140440,140442,140444],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140437,34197],{"class":284},[56,140439,288],{"class":75},[56,140441,1448],{"class":937},[56,140443,42346],{"class":941},[56,140445,1454],{"class":937},[56,140447,140448,140450,140452,140454,140456,140458,140460,140462],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,140449,34218],{"class":284},[56,140451,497],{"class":66},[56,140453,33978],{"class":237},[56,140455,67],{"class":66},[56,140457,938],{"class":937},[56,140459,1080],{"class":941},[56,140461,938],{"class":937},[56,140463,241],{"class":66},[56,140465,140466],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,140467,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,140469,140470,140472,140474,140476],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,140471,63],{"class":62},[56,140473,67],{"class":66},[56,140475,34218],{"class":237},[56,140477,241],{"class":66},[14,140479,130],{},[47,140481,140483],{"className":49,"code":140482,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a,b,c\n",[18,140484,140485],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140486,140487,140489,140491,140493,140495],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140488,372],{"class":284},[56,140490,1080],{"class":66},[56,140492,4232],{"class":284},[56,140494,1080],{"class":66},[56,140496,68770],{"class":284},[14,140498,140499],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[14,140501,10298],{},[47,140503,140504],{"className":49,"code":42333,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,140505,140506,140518,140540,140544],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140507,140508,140510,140512,140514,140516],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140509,34197],{"class":284},[56,140511,288],{"class":75},[56,140513,1448],{"class":937},[56,140515,42346],{"class":941},[56,140517,1454],{"class":937},[56,140519,140520,140522,140524,140526,140528,140530,140532,140534,140536,140538],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,140521,42353],{"class":284},[56,140523,288],{"class":75},[56,140525,42358],{"class":284},[56,140527,497],{"class":66},[56,140529,33978],{"class":237},[56,140531,67],{"class":66},[56,140533,938],{"class":937},[56,140535,1080],{"class":941},[56,140537,938],{"class":937},[56,140539,241],{"class":66},[56,140541,140542],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,140543,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,140545,140546,140548,140550,140552],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,140547,63],{"class":62},[56,140549,67],{"class":66},[56,140551,42385],{"class":237},[56,140553,241],{"class":66},[14,140555,130],{},[47,140557,140558],{"className":49,"code":42392,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,140559,140560],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140561,140562,140564,140566,140568,140570,140572,140574,140576,140578,140580,140582,140584,140586],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140563,3366],{"class":66},[56,140565,1394],{"class":937},[56,140567,372],{"class":941},[56,140569,1394],{"class":937},[56,140571,1080],{"class":66},[56,140573,1389],{"class":937},[56,140575,4232],{"class":941},[56,140577,1394],{"class":937},[56,140579,1080],{"class":66},[56,140581,1389],{"class":937},[56,140583,9228],{"class":941},[56,140585,1394],{"class":937},[56,140587,3093],{"class":66},[14,140589,140590],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[47,140592,140594],{"className":49,"code":140593,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[18,140595,140596,140609,140631,140635],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140597,140598,140600,140602,140604,140607],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140599,34197],{"class":284},[56,140601,288],{"class":75},[56,140603,1448],{"class":937},[56,140605,140606],{"class":941},"apple,banana",[56,140608,1454],{"class":937},[56,140610,140611,140613,140615,140617,140619,140621,140623,140625,140627,140629],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,140612,42353],{"class":284},[56,140614,288],{"class":75},[56,140616,42358],{"class":284},[56,140618,497],{"class":66},[56,140620,33978],{"class":237},[56,140622,67],{"class":66},[56,140624,938],{"class":937},[56,140626,1080],{"class":941},[56,140628,938],{"class":937},[56,140630,241],{"class":66},[56,140632,140633],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,140634,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,140636,140637,140639,140641,140643,140645,140647],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,140638,63],{"class":62},[56,140640,67],{"class":66},[56,140642,42385],{"class":237},[56,140644,3366],{"class":66},[56,140646,115],{"class":79},[56,140648,3354],{"class":66},[14,140650,140651,140652,497],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[372,140653,68783],{"href":68782},[615,140655,60233],{"id":60232},[14,140657,8362,140658,140660],{},[18,140659,60054],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[47,140662,140664],{"className":49,"code":140663,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[18,140665,140666,140676,140690,140712,140738],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140667,140668,140670,140672,140674],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140669,63],{"class":62},[56,140671,67],{"class":66},[56,140673,34218],{"class":237},[56,140675,241],{"class":66},[56,140677,140678,140680,140682,140684,140686,140688],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,140679,63],{"class":62},[56,140681,67],{"class":66},[56,140683,34218],{"class":237},[56,140685,497],{"class":66},[56,140687,33978],{"class":237},[56,140689,6674],{"class":66},[56,140691,140692,140694,140696,140698,140700,140702,140704,140706,140708,140710],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,140693,63],{"class":62},[56,140695,67],{"class":66},[56,140697,34218],{"class":237},[56,140699,497],{"class":66},[56,140701,33978],{"class":237},[56,140703,67],{"class":66},[56,140705,1394],{"class":937},[56,140707,1080],{"class":941},[56,140709,1394],{"class":937},[56,140711,83],{"class":66},[56,140713,140714,140716,140718,140720,140722,140724,140726,140728,140730,140732,140734,140736],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,140715,63],{"class":62},[56,140717,67],{"class":66},[56,140719,10653],{"class":62},[56,140721,67],{"class":66},[56,140723,34218],{"class":237},[56,140725,497],{"class":66},[56,140727,33978],{"class":237},[56,140729,67],{"class":66},[56,140731,1394],{"class":937},[56,140733,1080],{"class":941},[56,140735,1394],{"class":937},[56,140737,1000],{"class":66},[56,140739,140740,140742,140744,140746,140748,140750,140752,140754,140756,140758,140760,140762],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,140741,63],{"class":62},[56,140743,67],{"class":66},[56,140745,1314],{"class":989},[56,140747,67],{"class":66},[56,140749,34218],{"class":237},[56,140751,497],{"class":66},[56,140753,33978],{"class":237},[56,140755,67],{"class":66},[56,140757,1394],{"class":937},[56,140759,1080],{"class":941},[56,140761,1394],{"class":937},[56,140763,1000],{"class":66},[14,140765,10662],{},[26,140767,140768,140771,140774,140777],{},[29,140769,140770],{},"what the original string looks like",[29,140772,140773],{},"which separator works",[29,140775,140776],{},"how many items were created",[29,140778,140779],{},"that the result is a list",[42,140781,1553],{"id":1552},[615,140783,4653,140785,3862,140787,571],{"id":140784},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[18,140786,60054],{},[18,140788,139357],{},[14,140790,140791,140793],{},[18,140792,60054],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[14,140795,140796,140798],{},[18,140797,139357],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[615,140800,12199,140802,124206],{"id":140801},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[18,140803,60054],{},[14,140805,140806,140807,56000],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[18,140808,60054],{},[615,140810,4615,140812,39475],{"id":140811},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[18,140813,139134],{},[14,140815,140816],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[615,140818,140820],{"id":140819},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[14,140822,28567,140823,140825],{},[18,140824,60054],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[42,140827,1601],{"id":1600},[26,140829,140830,140834,140840,140846,140850],{},[29,140831,140832],{},[372,140833,129484],{"href":128562},[29,140835,140836],{},[372,140837,125879,140838,10231],{"href":140096},[18,140839,132961],{},[29,140841,140842],{},[372,140843,125879,140844,10231],{"href":136449},[18,140845,41169],{},[29,140847,140848],{},[372,140849,124634],{"href":50495},[29,140851,140852],{},[372,140853,68783],{"href":68782},[1633,140855,140856],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":140858},[140859,140860,140862,140863,140868,140869,140871,140873,140878,140880,140883,140892],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":138964,"depth":86,"text":140861},"What split() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":139212,"depth":86,"text":140864,"children":140865},"Using split() with no separator",[140866],{"id":139352,"depth":102,"text":140867},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139515,"depth":86,"text":139516},{"id":139725,"depth":86,"text":140870},"Using maxsplit",{"id":139926,"depth":86,"text":140872},"What split() returns",{"id":140196,"depth":86,"text":140197,"children":140874},[140875,140876,140877],{"id":140203,"depth":102,"text":140204},{"id":140244,"depth":102,"text":140245},{"id":140298,"depth":102,"text":140299},{"id":140363,"depth":86,"text":140879},"When to use split()",{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912,"children":140881},[140882],{"id":60232,"depth":102,"text":60233},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":140884},[140885,140887,140889,140891],{"id":140784,"depth":102,"text":140886},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140801,"depth":102,"text":140888},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140811,"depth":102,"text":140890},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":140819,"depth":102,"text":140820},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":138873,"description":140893},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":140900,"title":140901,"body":140902,"description":142845,"extension":1665,"meta":142846,"navigation":316,"path":142847,"seo":142848,"stem":142849,"__hash__":142850},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":140903,"toc":142804},[140904,140909,140914,140921,140994,140999,141004,141009,141025,141027,141097,141099,141101,141121,141123,141168,141173,141175,141273,141278,141282,141287,141291,141294,141336,141340,141343,141388,141392,141395,141445,141449,141454,141506,141508,141513,141524,141529,141609,141611,141623,141632,141639,141654,141656,141771,141777,141781,141784,141789,141931,141934,141941,141943,141947,141955,142024,142030,142079,142084,142089,142091,142111,142113,142179,142181,142185,142188,142192,142233,142235,142268,142273,142276,142303,142305,142348,142355,142360,142370,142436,142440,142448,142453,142504,142508,142511,142513,142522,142524,142574,142576,142683,142685,142690,142697,142703,142706,142737,142742,142744,142751,142759,142768,142771,142773,142801],[10,140905,122879,140907,10814],{"id":140906},"python-string-startswith-method",[18,140908,127247],{},[14,140910,122884,140911,140913],{},[18,140912,127247],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[14,140915,125945,140916,964,140918,140920],{},[18,140917,3060],{},[18,140919,3134],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[47,140922,140924],{"className":49,"code":140923,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[18,140925,140926,140939,140943,140968],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,140927,140928,140930,140932,140934,140937],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,140929,34197],{"class":284},[56,140931,288],{"class":75},[56,140933,1448],{"class":937},[56,140935,140936],{"class":941},"Python Beginner Help",[56,140938,1454],{"class":937},[56,140940,140941],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,140942,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,140944,140945,140947,140949,140951,140953,140956,140958,140960,140962,140964,140966],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,140946,63],{"class":62},[56,140948,67],{"class":66},[56,140950,34218],{"class":237},[56,140952,497],{"class":66},[56,140954,140955],{"class":237},"startswith",[56,140957,67],{"class":66},[56,140959,938],{"class":937},[56,140961,6777],{"class":941},[56,140963,938],{"class":937},[56,140965,4836],{"class":66},[56,140967,43372],{"class":3123},[56,140969,140970,140972,140974,140976,140978,140980,140982,140984,140987,140989,140991],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,140971,63],{"class":62},[56,140973,67],{"class":66},[56,140975,34218],{"class":237},[56,140977,497],{"class":66},[56,140979,140955],{"class":237},[56,140981,67],{"class":66},[56,140983,938],{"class":937},[56,140985,140986],{"class":941},"Beginner",[56,140988,938],{"class":937},[56,140990,4836],{"class":66},[56,140992,140993],{"class":3123}," # False\n",[14,140995,153,140996,140998],{},[18,140997,127247],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[42,141000,3138,141002,3141],{"id":141001},"what-startswith-does",[18,141003,127247],{},[14,141005,141006,141008],{},[18,141007,127247],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[26,141010,141011,141014,141020,141022],{},[29,141012,141013],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[29,141015,4621,141016,964,141018],{},[18,141017,3060],{},[18,141019,3134],{},[29,141021,123022],{},[29,141023,141024],{},"It works only on strings",[14,141026,274],{},[47,141028,141030],{"className":49,"code":141029,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[18,141031,141032,141044,141048,141073],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141033,141034,141036,141038,141040,141042],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141035,7359],{"class":284},[56,141037,288],{"class":75},[56,141039,1448],{"class":937},[56,141041,6777],{"class":941},[56,141043,1454],{"class":937},[56,141045,141046],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,141047,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,141049,141050,141052,141054,141056,141058,141060,141062,141064,141067,141069,141071],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,141051,63],{"class":62},[56,141053,67],{"class":66},[56,141055,7149],{"class":237},[56,141057,497],{"class":66},[56,141059,140955],{"class":237},[56,141061,67],{"class":66},[56,141063,938],{"class":937},[56,141065,141066],{"class":941},"Py",[56,141068,938],{"class":937},[56,141070,4836],{"class":66},[56,141072,43372],{"class":3123},[56,141074,141075,141077,141079,141081,141083,141085,141087,141089,141091,141093,141095],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,141076,63],{"class":62},[56,141078,67],{"class":66},[56,141080,7149],{"class":237},[56,141082,497],{"class":66},[56,141084,140955],{"class":237},[56,141086,67],{"class":66},[56,141088,938],{"class":937},[56,141090,128325],{"class":941},[56,141092,938],{"class":937},[56,141094,4836],{"class":66},[56,141096,43389],{"class":3123},[42,141098,220],{"id":219},[14,141100,41901],{},[47,141102,141104],{"className":49,"code":141103,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[18,141105,141106],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141107,141108,141110,141112,141114,141116,141119],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141109,60697],{"class":284},[56,141111,497],{"class":66},[56,141113,140955],{"class":237},[56,141115,67],{"class":66},[56,141117,141118],{"class":237},"prefix",[56,141120,241],{"class":66},[14,141122,30271],{},[47,141124,141126],{"className":49,"code":141125,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[18,141127,141128,141146],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141129,141130,141132,141134,141136,141138,141140,141142,141144],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141131,60697],{"class":284},[56,141133,497],{"class":66},[56,141135,140955],{"class":237},[56,141137,67],{"class":66},[56,141139,141118],{"class":237},[56,141141,1080],{"class":66},[56,141143,35563],{"class":237},[56,141145,241],{"class":66},[56,141147,141148,141150,141152,141154,141156,141158,141160,141162,141164,141166],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,141149,60697],{"class":284},[56,141151,497],{"class":66},[56,141153,140955],{"class":237},[56,141155,67],{"class":66},[56,141157,141118],{"class":237},[56,141159,1080],{"class":66},[56,141161,35563],{"class":237},[56,141163,1080],{"class":66},[56,141165,64564],{"class":237},[56,141167,241],{"class":66},[14,141169,20273,141170,141172],{},[18,141171,141118],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[14,141174,274],{},[47,141176,141178],{"className":49,"code":141177,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[18,141179,141180,141192,141196,141221,141245],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141181,141182,141184,141186,141188,141190],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141183,34197],{"class":284},[56,141185,288],{"class":75},[56,141187,1448],{"class":937},[56,141189,59929],{"class":941},[56,141191,1454],{"class":937},[56,141193,141194],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,141195,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,141197,141198,141200,141202,141204,141206,141208,141210,141212,141214,141216,141218],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,141199,63],{"class":62},[56,141201,67],{"class":66},[56,141203,34218],{"class":237},[56,141205,497],{"class":66},[56,141207,140955],{"class":237},[56,141209,67],{"class":66},[56,141211,938],{"class":937},[56,141213,3309],{"class":941},[56,141215,938],{"class":937},[56,141217,4836],{"class":66},[56,141219,141220],{"class":3123},"      # True\n",[56,141222,141223,141225,141227,141229,141231,141233,141235,141237,141239,141241,141243],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,141224,63],{"class":62},[56,141226,67],{"class":66},[56,141228,34218],{"class":237},[56,141230,497],{"class":66},[56,141232,140955],{"class":237},[56,141234,67],{"class":66},[56,141236,938],{"class":937},[56,141238,60114],{"class":941},[56,141240,938],{"class":937},[56,141242,4836],{"class":66},[56,141244,20703],{"class":3123},[56,141246,141247,141249,141251,141253,141255,141257,141259,141261,141263,141265,141267,141269,141271],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,141248,63],{"class":62},[56,141250,67],{"class":66},[56,141252,34218],{"class":237},[56,141254,497],{"class":66},[56,141256,140955],{"class":237},[56,141258,67],{"class":66},[56,141260,938],{"class":937},[56,141262,60114],{"class":941},[56,141264,938],{"class":937},[56,141266,1080],{"class":66},[56,141268,37157],{"class":79},[56,141270,4836],{"class":66},[56,141272,43372],{"class":3123},[14,141274,141275,141276,497],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[372,141277,124634],{"href":50495},[42,141279,141281],{"id":141280},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[14,141283,141284,141286],{},[18,141285,127247],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[615,141288,141289],{"id":141118},[18,141290,141118],{},[14,141292,141293],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[47,141295,141297],{"className":49,"code":141296,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[18,141298,141299,141311],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141300,141301,141303,141305,141307,141309],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141302,34197],{"class":284},[56,141304,288],{"class":75},[56,141306,1448],{"class":937},[56,141308,3555],{"class":941},[56,141310,1454],{"class":937},[56,141312,141313,141315,141317,141319,141321,141323,141325,141327,141330,141332,141334],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,141314,63],{"class":62},[56,141316,67],{"class":66},[56,141318,34218],{"class":237},[56,141320,497],{"class":66},[56,141322,140955],{"class":237},[56,141324,67],{"class":66},[56,141326,938],{"class":937},[56,141328,141329],{"class":941},"ban",[56,141331,938],{"class":937},[56,141333,4836],{"class":66},[56,141335,3124],{"class":3123},[615,141337,141338],{"id":35584},[18,141339,35584],{},[14,141341,141342],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[47,141344,141346],{"className":49,"code":141345,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[18,141347,141348,141360],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141349,141350,141352,141354,141356,141358],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141351,34197],{"class":284},[56,141353,288],{"class":75},[56,141355,1448],{"class":937},[56,141357,59929],{"class":941},[56,141359,1454],{"class":937},[56,141361,141362,141364,141366,141368,141370,141372,141374,141376,141378,141380,141382,141384,141386],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,141363,63],{"class":62},[56,141365,67],{"class":66},[56,141367,34218],{"class":237},[56,141369,497],{"class":66},[56,141371,140955],{"class":237},[56,141373,67],{"class":66},[56,141375,938],{"class":937},[56,141377,60114],{"class":941},[56,141379,938],{"class":937},[56,141381,1080],{"class":66},[56,141383,37157],{"class":79},[56,141385,4836],{"class":66},[56,141387,3124],{"class":3123},[615,141389,141390],{"id":52181},[18,141391,52181],{},[14,141393,141394],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[47,141396,141398],{"className":49,"code":141397,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[18,141399,141400,141412],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141401,141402,141404,141406,141408,141410],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141403,34197],{"class":284},[56,141405,288],{"class":75},[56,141407,1448],{"class":937},[56,141409,59929],{"class":941},[56,141411,1454],{"class":937},[56,141413,141414,141416,141418,141420,141422,141424,141426,141428,141431,141433,141435,141437,141439,141441,141443],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,141415,63],{"class":62},[56,141417,67],{"class":66},[56,141419,34218],{"class":237},[56,141421,497],{"class":66},[56,141423,140955],{"class":237},[56,141425,67],{"class":66},[56,141427,938],{"class":937},[56,141429,141430],{"class":941},"wor",[56,141432,938],{"class":937},[56,141434,1080],{"class":66},[56,141436,37157],{"class":79},[56,141438,1080],{"class":66},[56,141440,53657],{"class":79},[56,141442,4836],{"class":66},[56,141444,3124],{"class":3123},[615,141446,141448],{"id":141447},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[14,141450,141451,141453],{},[18,141452,141118],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[47,141455,141457],{"className":49,"code":141456,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[18,141458,141459,141472],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141460,141461,141463,141465,141467,141470],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141462,125962],{"class":284},[56,141464,288],{"class":75},[56,141466,1448],{"class":937},[56,141468,141469],{"class":941},"img_001.png",[56,141471,1454],{"class":937},[56,141473,141474,141476,141478,141480,141482,141484,141486,141488,141491,141493,141495,141497,141500,141502,141504],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,141475,63],{"class":62},[56,141477,67],{"class":66},[56,141479,125980],{"class":237},[56,141481,497],{"class":66},[56,141483,140955],{"class":237},[56,141485,4986],{"class":66},[56,141487,938],{"class":937},[56,141489,141490],{"class":941},"img_",[56,141492,938],{"class":937},[56,141494,1080],{"class":66},[56,141496,1448],{"class":937},[56,141498,141499],{"class":941},"photo_",[56,141501,938],{"class":937},[56,141503,50611],{"class":66},[56,141505,3124],{"class":3123},[42,141507,16919],{"id":16918},[14,141509,141510,141512],{},[18,141511,127247],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[26,141514,141515,141520],{},[29,141516,141517,141519],{},[18,141518,3060],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[29,141521,141522,126564],{},[18,141523,3134],{},[14,141525,141526,141527,6652],{},"This makes it useful in ",[18,141528,6477],{},[47,141530,141532],{"className":49,"code":141531,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[18,141533,141534,141548,141552,141573,141588,141594],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141535,141536,141539,141541,141543,141546],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141537,141538],{"class":284},"command ",[56,141540,288],{"class":75},[56,141542,1448],{"class":937},[56,141544,141545],{"class":941},"\u002Fhelp",[56,141547,1454],{"class":937},[56,141549,141550],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,141551,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,141553,141554,141556,141559,141561,141563,141565,141567,141569,141571],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,141555,6477],{"class":3341},[56,141557,141558],{"class":284}," command",[56,141560,497],{"class":66},[56,141562,140955],{"class":237},[56,141564,67],{"class":66},[56,141566,938],{"class":937},[56,141568,126771],{"class":941},[56,141570,938],{"class":937},[56,141572,7826],{"class":66},[56,141574,141575,141577,141579,141581,141584,141586],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,141576,7552],{"class":62},[56,141578,67],{"class":66},[56,141580,938],{"class":937},[56,141582,141583],{"class":941},"This looks like a command.",[56,141585,938],{"class":937},[56,141587,241],{"class":66},[56,141589,141590,141592],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,141591,26939],{"class":3341},[56,141593,5871],{"class":66},[56,141595,141596,141598,141600,141602,141605,141607],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,141597,7552],{"class":62},[56,141599,67],{"class":66},[56,141601,938],{"class":937},[56,141603,141604],{"class":941},"This is normal text.",[56,141606,938],{"class":937},[56,141608,241],{"class":66},[14,141610,130],{},[47,141612,141614],{"className":49,"code":141613,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"This looks like a command.\n",[18,141615,141616],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141617,141618,141621],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141619,141620],{"class":284},"This looks like a command",[56,141622,121911],{"class":66},[42,141624,7902,141626,8191,141628,3862,141630],{"id":141625},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[18,141627,127247],{},[18,141629,35584],{},[18,141631,52181],{},[14,141633,16,141634,3862,141636,141638],{},[18,141635,35584],{},[18,141637,52181],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[26,141640,141641,141646,141651],{},[29,141642,141643,141645],{},[18,141644,35584],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[29,141647,141648,141650],{},[18,141649,52181],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[29,141652,141653],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[14,141655,274],{},[47,141657,141659],{"className":49,"code":141658,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[18,141660,141661,141673,141677,141706,141739],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141662,141663,141665,141667,141669,141671],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141664,34197],{"class":284},[56,141666,288],{"class":75},[56,141668,1448],{"class":937},[56,141670,139158],{"class":941},[56,141672,1454],{"class":937},[56,141674,141675],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,141676,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,141678,141679,141681,141683,141685,141687,141689,141691,141693,141695,141697,141699,141701,141703],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,141680,63],{"class":62},[56,141682,67],{"class":66},[56,141684,34218],{"class":237},[56,141686,497],{"class":66},[56,141688,140955],{"class":237},[56,141690,67],{"class":66},[56,141692,938],{"class":937},[56,141694,78795],{"class":941},[56,141696,938],{"class":937},[56,141698,1080],{"class":66},[56,141700,535],{"class":79},[56,141702,4836],{"class":66},[56,141704,141705],{"class":3123},"        # True\n",[56,141707,141708,141710,141712,141714,141716,141718,141720,141722,141724,141726,141728,141730,141732,141735,141737],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,141709,63],{"class":62},[56,141711,67],{"class":66},[56,141713,34218],{"class":237},[56,141715,497],{"class":66},[56,141717,140955],{"class":237},[56,141719,67],{"class":66},[56,141721,938],{"class":937},[56,141723,133765],{"class":941},[56,141725,938],{"class":937},[56,141727,1080],{"class":66},[56,141729,5837],{"class":79},[56,141731,1080],{"class":66},[56,141733,141734],{"class":79}," 13",[56,141736,4836],{"class":66},[56,141738,3124],{"class":3123},[56,141740,141741,141743,141745,141747,141749,141751,141753,141755,141757,141759,141761,141763,141765,141767,141769],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,141742,63],{"class":62},[56,141744,67],{"class":66},[56,141746,34218],{"class":237},[56,141748,497],{"class":66},[56,141750,140955],{"class":237},[56,141752,67],{"class":66},[56,141754,938],{"class":937},[56,141756,133765],{"class":941},[56,141758,938],{"class":937},[56,141760,1080],{"class":66},[56,141762,5837],{"class":79},[56,141764,1080],{"class":66},[56,141766,30450],{"class":79},[56,141768,4836],{"class":66},[56,141770,4243],{"class":3123},[14,141772,141773,141774,141776],{},"In the last example, the ",[18,141775,52181],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[42,141778,141780],{"id":141779},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[14,141782,141783],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[14,141785,141786,141787,48867],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[18,141788,40352],{},[47,141790,141792],{"className":49,"code":141791,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[18,141793,141794,141808,141822,141836,141840,141864,141868,141889,141910],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141795,141796,141799,141801,141803,141806],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141797,141798],{"class":284},"filename1 ",[56,141800,288],{"class":75},[56,141802,1448],{"class":937},[56,141804,141805],{"class":941},"img_101.jpg",[56,141807,1454],{"class":937},[56,141809,141810,141813,141815,141817,141820],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,141811,141812],{"class":284},"filename2 ",[56,141814,288],{"class":75},[56,141816,1448],{"class":937},[56,141818,141819],{"class":941},"photo_202.jpg",[56,141821,1454],{"class":937},[56,141823,141824,141827,141829,141831,141834],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,141825,141826],{"class":284},"filename3 ",[56,141828,288],{"class":75},[56,141830,1448],{"class":937},[56,141832,141833],{"class":941},"doc_303.jpg",[56,141835,1454],{"class":937},[56,141837,141838],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,141839,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,141841,141842,141844,141846,141848,141850,141852,141854,141856,141858,141860,141862],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,141843,127174],{"class":284},[56,141845,288],{"class":75},[56,141847,8724],{"class":66},[56,141849,938],{"class":937},[56,141851,141490],{"class":941},[56,141853,938],{"class":937},[56,141855,1080],{"class":66},[56,141857,1448],{"class":937},[56,141859,141499],{"class":941},[56,141861,938],{"class":937},[56,141863,241],{"class":66},[56,141865,141866],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,141867,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,141869,141870,141872,141874,141877,141879,141881,141883,141885,141887],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,141871,63],{"class":62},[56,141873,67],{"class":66},[56,141875,141876],{"class":237},"filename1",[56,141878,497],{"class":66},[56,141880,140955],{"class":237},[56,141882,67],{"class":66},[56,141884,127226],{"class":237},[56,141886,4836],{"class":66},[56,141888,3124],{"class":3123},[56,141890,141891,141893,141895,141898,141900,141902,141904,141906,141908],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,141892,63],{"class":62},[56,141894,67],{"class":66},[56,141896,141897],{"class":237},"filename2",[56,141899,497],{"class":66},[56,141901,140955],{"class":237},[56,141903,67],{"class":66},[56,141905,127226],{"class":237},[56,141907,4836],{"class":66},[56,141909,3124],{"class":3123},[56,141911,141912,141914,141916,141919,141921,141923,141925,141927,141929],{"class":58,"line":5910},[56,141913,63],{"class":62},[56,141915,67],{"class":66},[56,141917,141918],{"class":237},"filename3",[56,141920,497],{"class":66},[56,141922,140955],{"class":237},[56,141924,67],{"class":66},[56,141926,127226],{"class":237},[56,141928,4836],{"class":66},[56,141930,4243],{"class":3123},[14,141932,141933],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[14,141935,74296,141936,141940],{},[372,141937,125879,141938,10231],{"href":129473},[18,141939,125937],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[42,141942,123526],{"id":123525},[14,141944,141945,123337],{},[18,141946,127247],{},[14,141948,126924,141949,3862,141952,126931],{},[18,141950,141951],{},"\"Python\"",[18,141953,141954],{},"\"python\"",[47,141956,141958],{"className":49,"code":141957,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[18,141959,141960,141972,141976,142000],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,141961,141962,141964,141966,141968,141970],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,141963,34197],{"class":284},[56,141965,288],{"class":75},[56,141967,1448],{"class":937},[56,141969,6777],{"class":941},[56,141971,1454],{"class":937},[56,141973,141974],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,141975,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,141977,141978,141980,141982,141984,141986,141988,141990,141992,141994,141996,141998],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,141979,63],{"class":62},[56,141981,67],{"class":66},[56,141983,34218],{"class":237},[56,141985,497],{"class":66},[56,141987,140955],{"class":237},[56,141989,67],{"class":66},[56,141991,938],{"class":937},[56,141993,141066],{"class":941},[56,141995,938],{"class":937},[56,141997,4836],{"class":66},[56,141999,3124],{"class":3123},[56,142001,142002,142004,142006,142008,142010,142012,142014,142016,142018,142020,142022],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,142003,63],{"class":62},[56,142005,67],{"class":66},[56,142007,34218],{"class":237},[56,142009,497],{"class":66},[56,142011,140955],{"class":237},[56,142013,67],{"class":66},[56,142015,938],{"class":937},[56,142017,128325],{"class":941},[56,142019,938],{"class":937},[56,142021,4836],{"class":66},[56,142023,4243],{"class":3123},[14,142025,127016,142026,497],{},[372,142027,142028],{"href":123606},[18,142029,123609],{},[47,142031,142033],{"className":49,"code":142032,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[18,142034,142035,142047,142051],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142036,142037,142039,142041,142043,142045],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142038,34197],{"class":284},[56,142040,288],{"class":75},[56,142042,1448],{"class":937},[56,142044,6777],{"class":941},[56,142046,1454],{"class":937},[56,142048,142049],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,142050,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,142052,142053,142055,142057,142059,142061,142063,142065,142067,142069,142071,142073,142075,142077],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,142054,63],{"class":62},[56,142056,67],{"class":66},[56,142058,34218],{"class":237},[56,142060,497],{"class":66},[56,142062,8126],{"class":237},[56,142064,8123],{"class":66},[56,142066,140955],{"class":237},[56,142068,67],{"class":66},[56,142070,938],{"class":937},[56,142072,128325],{"class":941},[56,142074,938],{"class":937},[56,142076,4836],{"class":66},[56,142078,3124],{"class":3123},[42,142080,4433,142082],{"id":142081},"when-to-use-startswith",[18,142083,127247],{},[14,142085,142086,142088],{},[18,142087,127247],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[14,142090,8862],{},[26,142092,142093,142096,142099,142108],{},[29,142094,142095],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[29,142097,142098],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[29,142100,142101,142102,964,142105],{},"Validating text formats like ",[18,142103,142104],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[18,142106,142107],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[29,142109,142110],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[14,142112,274],{},[47,142114,142116],{"className":49,"code":142115,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[18,142117,142118,142131,142135,142164],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142119,142120,142122,142124,142126,142129],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142121,126742],{"class":284},[56,142123,288],{"class":75},[56,142125,1448],{"class":937},[56,142127,142128],{"class":941},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[56,142130,1454],{"class":937},[56,142132,142133],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,142134,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,142136,142137,142139,142142,142144,142146,142148,142150,142152,142154,142156,142158,142160,142162],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,142138,6477],{"class":3341},[56,142140,142141],{"class":284}," url",[56,142143,497],{"class":66},[56,142145,140955],{"class":237},[56,142147,4986],{"class":66},[56,142149,938],{"class":937},[56,142151,142104],{"class":941},[56,142153,938],{"class":937},[56,142155,1080],{"class":66},[56,142157,1448],{"class":937},[56,142159,142107],{"class":941},[56,142161,938],{"class":937},[56,142163,69087],{"class":66},[56,142165,142166,142168,142170,142172,142175,142177],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,142167,7552],{"class":62},[56,142169,67],{"class":66},[56,142171,938],{"class":937},[56,142173,142174],{"class":941},"This looks like a web URL.",[56,142176,938],{"class":937},[56,142178,241],{"class":66},[42,142180,912],{"id":911},[14,142182,22598,142183,497],{},[18,142184,127247],{},[615,142186,138319],{"id":142187},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[14,142189,142190,123337],{},[18,142191,127247],{},[47,142193,142195],{"className":49,"code":142194,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[18,142196,142197,142209],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142198,142199,142201,142203,142205,142207],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142200,34197],{"class":284},[56,142202,288],{"class":75},[56,142204,1448],{"class":937},[56,142206,6777],{"class":941},[56,142208,1454],{"class":937},[56,142210,142211,142213,142215,142217,142219,142221,142223,142225,142227,142229,142231],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,142212,63],{"class":62},[56,142214,67],{"class":66},[56,142216,34218],{"class":237},[56,142218,497],{"class":66},[56,142220,140955],{"class":237},[56,142222,67],{"class":66},[56,142224,938],{"class":937},[56,142226,51],{"class":941},[56,142228,938],{"class":937},[56,142230,4836],{"class":66},[56,142232,4243],{"class":3123},[14,142234,38776],{},[47,142236,142238],{"className":49,"code":142237,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[18,142239,142240],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142241,142242,142244,142246,142248,142250,142252,142254,142256,142258,142260,142262,142264,142266],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142243,63],{"class":62},[56,142245,67],{"class":66},[56,142247,34218],{"class":237},[56,142249,497],{"class":66},[56,142251,8126],{"class":237},[56,142253,8123],{"class":66},[56,142255,140955],{"class":237},[56,142257,67],{"class":66},[56,142259,938],{"class":937},[56,142261,51],{"class":941},[56,142263,938],{"class":937},[56,142265,4836],{"class":66},[56,142267,3124],{"class":3123},[615,142269,29156,142271,136801],{"id":142270},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[18,142272,127247],{},[14,142274,142275],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[47,142277,142279],{"className":49,"code":142278,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[18,142280,142281,142289,142293,142298],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142282,142283,142285,142287],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142284,524],{"class":284},[56,142286,288],{"class":75},[56,142288,124561],{"class":79},[56,142290,142291],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,142292,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,142294,142295],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,142296,142297],{"class":3123},"# This will cause an error:\n",[56,142299,142300],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,142301,142302],{"class":3123},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[14,142304,38776],{},[47,142306,142308],{"className":49,"code":142307,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[18,142309,142310,142324],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142311,142312,142314,142316,142318,142320,142322],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142313,524],{"class":284},[56,142315,288],{"class":75},[56,142317,48423],{"class":989},[56,142319,67],{"class":66},[56,142321,49765],{"class":79},[56,142323,241],{"class":66},[56,142325,142326,142328,142330,142332,142334,142336,142338,142340,142342,142344,142346],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,142327,63],{"class":62},[56,142329,67],{"class":66},[56,142331,551],{"class":237},[56,142333,497],{"class":66},[56,142335,140955],{"class":237},[56,142337,67],{"class":66},[56,142339,938],{"class":937},[56,142341,1077],{"class":941},[56,142343,938],{"class":937},[56,142345,4836],{"class":66},[56,142347,3124],{"class":3123},[615,142349,36717,142351,8191,142353],{"id":142350},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[18,142352,127247],{},[18,142354,3348],{},[14,142356,142357,142359],{},[18,142358,127247],{}," checks only the beginning.",[14,142361,142362,142363,142365,142366,497],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[18,142364,3348],{}," or methods like ",[372,142367,142368],{"href":123889},[18,142369,123874],{},[47,142371,142373],{"className":49,"code":142372,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[18,142374,142375,142387,142391,142415],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142376,142377,142379,142381,142383,142385],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142378,34197],{"class":284},[56,142380,288],{"class":75},[56,142382,1448],{"class":937},[56,142384,59929],{"class":941},[56,142386,1454],{"class":937},[56,142388,142389],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,142390,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,142392,142393,142395,142397,142399,142401,142403,142405,142407,142409,142411,142413],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,142394,63],{"class":62},[56,142396,67],{"class":66},[56,142398,34218],{"class":237},[56,142400,497],{"class":66},[56,142402,140955],{"class":237},[56,142404,67],{"class":66},[56,142406,938],{"class":937},[56,142408,60114],{"class":941},[56,142410,938],{"class":937},[56,142412,4836],{"class":66},[56,142414,4243],{"class":3123},[56,142416,142417,142419,142421,142423,142425,142427,142429,142431,142433],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,142418,63],{"class":62},[56,142420,67],{"class":66},[56,142422,938],{"class":937},[56,142424,60114],{"class":941},[56,142426,938],{"class":937},[56,142428,20676],{"class":3341},[56,142430,42358],{"class":237},[56,142432,3120],{"class":66},[56,142434,142435],{"class":3123},"           # True\n",[14,142437,135353,142438,497],{},[372,142439,126915],{"href":123134},[615,142441,4175,142443,3862,142445,142447],{"id":142442},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[18,142444,35584],{},[18,142446,52181],{}," use index positions",[14,142449,142450,142451,497],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[18,142452,181],{},[47,142454,142456],{"className":49,"code":142455,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[18,142457,142458,142471,142475],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142459,142460,142462,142464,142466,142469],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142461,34197],{"class":284},[56,142463,288],{"class":75},[56,142465,1448],{"class":937},[56,142467,142468],{"class":941},"abcdef",[56,142470,1454],{"class":937},[56,142472,142473],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,142474,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,142476,142477,142479,142481,142483,142485,142487,142489,142491,142494,142496,142498,142500,142502],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,142478,63],{"class":62},[56,142480,67],{"class":66},[56,142482,34218],{"class":237},[56,142484,497],{"class":66},[56,142486,140955],{"class":237},[56,142488,67],{"class":66},[56,142490,938],{"class":937},[56,142492,142493],{"class":941},"cd",[56,142495,938],{"class":937},[56,142497,1080],{"class":66},[56,142499,1083],{"class":79},[56,142501,4836],{"class":66},[56,142503,3124],{"class":3123},[615,142505,142507],{"id":142506},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[14,142509,142510],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[14,142512,16143],{},[47,142514,142516],{"className":49,"code":142515,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[18,142517,142518],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142519,142520],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142521,142515],{"class":3123},[14,142523,16155],{},[47,142525,142527],{"className":49,"code":142526,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[18,142528,142529,142541],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142530,142531,142533,142535,142537,142539],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142532,34197],{"class":284},[56,142534,288],{"class":75},[56,142536,1448],{"class":937},[56,142538,6777],{"class":941},[56,142540,1454],{"class":937},[56,142542,142543,142545,142547,142549,142551,142553,142555,142557,142559,142561,142563,142565,142568,142570,142572],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,142544,63],{"class":62},[56,142546,67],{"class":66},[56,142548,34218],{"class":237},[56,142550,497],{"class":66},[56,142552,140955],{"class":237},[56,142554,4986],{"class":66},[56,142556,938],{"class":937},[56,142558,141066],{"class":941},[56,142560,938],{"class":937},[56,142562,1080],{"class":66},[56,142564,1448],{"class":937},[56,142566,142567],{"class":941},"Ja",[56,142569,938],{"class":937},[56,142571,50611],{"class":66},[56,142573,3124],{"class":3123},[14,142575,31590],{},[47,142577,142579],{"className":49,"code":142578,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[18,142580,142581,142591,142605,142627,142653],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142582,142583,142585,142587,142589],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142584,63],{"class":62},[56,142586,67],{"class":66},[56,142588,34218],{"class":237},[56,142590,241],{"class":66},[56,142592,142593,142595,142597,142599,142601,142603],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,142594,63],{"class":62},[56,142596,67],{"class":66},[56,142598,1314],{"class":989},[56,142600,67],{"class":66},[56,142602,34218],{"class":237},[56,142604,83],{"class":66},[56,142606,142607,142609,142611,142613,142615,142617,142619,142621,142623,142625],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,142608,63],{"class":62},[56,142610,67],{"class":66},[56,142612,34218],{"class":237},[56,142614,497],{"class":66},[56,142616,140955],{"class":237},[56,142618,67],{"class":66},[56,142620,938],{"class":937},[56,142622,141066],{"class":941},[56,142624,938],{"class":937},[56,142626,83],{"class":66},[56,142628,142629,142631,142633,142635,142637,142639,142641,142643,142645,142647,142649,142651],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,142630,63],{"class":62},[56,142632,67],{"class":66},[56,142634,34218],{"class":237},[56,142636,497],{"class":66},[56,142638,8126],{"class":237},[56,142640,8123],{"class":66},[56,142642,140955],{"class":237},[56,142644,67],{"class":66},[56,142646,938],{"class":937},[56,142648,128325],{"class":941},[56,142650,938],{"class":937},[56,142652,83],{"class":66},[56,142654,142655,142657,142659,142661,142663,142665,142667,142669,142671,142673,142675,142677,142679,142681],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,142656,63],{"class":62},[56,142658,67],{"class":66},[56,142660,34218],{"class":237},[56,142662,497],{"class":66},[56,142664,140955],{"class":237},[56,142666,4986],{"class":66},[56,142668,938],{"class":937},[56,142670,141066],{"class":941},[56,142672,938],{"class":937},[56,142674,1080],{"class":66},[56,142676,1448],{"class":937},[56,142678,142567],{"class":941},[56,142680,938],{"class":937},[56,142682,1000],{"class":66},[42,142684,1553],{"id":1552},[615,142686,12199,142688,127725],{"id":142687},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[18,142689,127247],{},[14,142691,142692,142693,964,142695,497],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[18,142694,3060],{},[18,142696,3134],{},[615,142698,4643,142700,142702],{"id":142699},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[18,142701,127247],{}," check more than one prefix?",[14,142704,142705],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[47,142707,142709],{"className":49,"code":142708,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[18,142710,142711],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142712,142713,142715,142717,142719,142721,142723,142725,142727,142729,142731,142733,142735],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142714,34218],{"class":284},[56,142716,497],{"class":66},[56,142718,140955],{"class":237},[56,142720,4986],{"class":66},[56,142722,938],{"class":937},[56,142724,372],{"class":941},[56,142726,938],{"class":937},[56,142728,1080],{"class":66},[56,142730,1448],{"class":937},[56,142732,4232],{"class":941},[56,142734,938],{"class":937},[56,142736,83],{"class":66},[615,142738,14401,142740,124215],{"id":142739},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[18,142741,127247],{},[14,142743,129408],{},[615,142745,4653,142747,3862,142749,571],{"id":142746},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[18,142748,127247],{},[18,142750,3348],{},[14,142752,142753,142755,142756,142758],{},[18,142754,127247],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[18,142757,3348],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[615,142760,27834,142762,3862,142764,8191,142766,571],{"id":142761},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[18,142763,35584],{},[18,142765,52181],{},[18,142767,127247],{},[14,142769,142770],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[42,142772,1601],{"id":1600},[26,142774,142775,142781,142787,142793,142797],{},[29,142776,142777],{},[372,142778,125879,142779,10231],{"href":129473},[18,142780,125937],{},[29,142782,142783],{},[372,142784,125879,142785,10231],{"href":123889},[18,142786,123874],{},[29,142788,142789],{},[372,142790,125879,142791,10231],{"href":123606},[18,142792,123609],{},[29,142794,142795],{},[372,142796,124278],{"href":123134},[29,142798,142799],{},[372,142800,124634],{"href":50495},[1633,142802,142803],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":142805},[142806,142808,142809,142815,142816,142818,142819,142820,142822,142832,142844],{"id":141001,"depth":86,"text":142807},"What startswith() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":141280,"depth":86,"text":141281,"children":142810},[142811,142812,142813,142814],{"id":141118,"depth":102,"text":141118},{"id":35584,"depth":102,"text":35584},{"id":52181,"depth":102,"text":52181},{"id":141447,"depth":102,"text":141448},{"id":16918,"depth":86,"text":16919},{"id":141625,"depth":86,"text":142817},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141779,"depth":86,"text":141780},{"id":123525,"depth":86,"text":123526},{"id":142081,"depth":86,"text":142821},"When to use startswith()",{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912,"children":142823},[142824,142825,142827,142829,142831],{"id":142187,"depth":102,"text":138319},{"id":142270,"depth":102,"text":142826},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142350,"depth":102,"text":142828},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142442,"depth":102,"text":142830},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142506,"depth":102,"text":142507},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":142833},[142834,142836,142838,142840,142842],{"id":142687,"depth":102,"text":142835},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142699,"depth":102,"text":142837},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142739,"depth":102,"text":142839},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142746,"depth":102,"text":142841},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142761,"depth":102,"text":142843},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":140901,"description":142845},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":142852,"title":142853,"body":142854,"description":144308,"extension":1665,"meta":144309,"navigation":316,"path":144310,"seo":144311,"stem":144312,"__hash__":144313},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":142855,"toc":144278},[142856,142861,142866,142869,142871,142915,142917,142925,142930,142935,142940,142942,142960,142962,143008,143010,143024,143033,143037,143039,143041,143053,143058,143061,143093,143095,143104,143109,143112,143153,143155,143163,143165,143178,143184,143188,143191,143207,143209,143258,143260,143269,143272,143331,143333,143342,143349,143352,143405,143407,143431,143438,143444,143448,143454,143457,143468,143470,143510,143512,143520,143522,143562,143564,143573,143575,143593,143596,143603,143614,143617,143634,143636,143713,143715,143746,143749,143751,143754,143780,143782,143822,143824,143833,143843,143851,143859,143864,143869,143871,143885,143887,143938,143940,143949,143959,143961,143963,143985,143988,144067,144069,144105,144108,144183,144188,144190,144196,144201,144206,144209,144215,144218,144225,144233,144237,144245,144247,144275],[10,142857,122879,142859,10814],{"id":142858},"python-string-strip-method",[18,142860,41169],{},[14,142862,31825,142863,142865],{},[18,142864,41169],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[14,142867,142868],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[42,142870,3065],{"id":3064},[47,142872,142874],{"className":49,"code":142873,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[18,142875,142876,142889,142904],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142877,142878,142880,142882,142884,142887],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142879,34197],{"class":284},[56,142881,288],{"class":75},[56,142883,1448],{"class":937},[56,142885,142886],{"class":941},"  hello  ",[56,142888,1454],{"class":937},[56,142890,142891,142894,142896,142898,142900,142902],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,142892,142893],{"class":284},"clean_text ",[56,142895,288],{"class":75},[56,142897,42358],{"class":284},[56,142899,497],{"class":66},[56,142901,8120],{"class":237},[56,142903,8129],{"class":66},[56,142905,142906,142908,142910,142913],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,142907,63],{"class":62},[56,142909,67],{"class":66},[56,142911,142912],{"class":237},"clean_text",[56,142914,241],{"class":66},[14,142916,130],{},[47,142918,142919],{"className":49,"code":138194,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,142920,142921],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142922,142923],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142924,138194],{"class":284},[14,142926,153,142927,142929],{},[18,142928,41169],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[42,142931,3138,142933,3141],{"id":142932},"what-strip-does",[18,142934,41169],{},[14,142936,142937,142939],{},[18,142938,41169],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[14,142941,12548],{},[26,142943,142944,142948,142951,142954,142957],{},[29,142945,142946,131229],{},[18,142947,41169],{},[29,142949,142950],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[29,142952,142953],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[29,142955,142956],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[29,142958,142959],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[14,142961,274],{},[47,142963,142965],{"className":49,"code":142964,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[18,142966,142967,142980,142984,142998],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,142968,142969,142971,142973,142975,142978],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,142970,34197],{"class":284},[56,142972,288],{"class":75},[56,142974,1448],{"class":937},[56,142976,142977],{"class":941},"  hello world  ",[56,142979,1454],{"class":937},[56,142981,142982],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,142983,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,142985,142986,142988,142990,142992,142994,142996],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,142987,63],{"class":62},[56,142989,67],{"class":66},[56,142991,34218],{"class":237},[56,142993,497],{"class":66},[56,142995,8120],{"class":237},[56,142997,6674],{"class":66},[56,142999,143000,143002,143004,143006],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,143001,63],{"class":62},[56,143003,67],{"class":66},[56,143005,34218],{"class":237},[56,143007,241],{"class":66},[14,143009,130],{},[47,143011,143013],{"className":49,"code":143012,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[18,143014,143015,143019],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143016,143017],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143018,133895],{"class":284},[56,143020,143021],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,143022,143023],{"class":284},"  hello world\n",[14,143025,143026,143027,143029,143030,143032],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[18,143028,41169],{},", but the original ",[18,143031,34218],{}," value is unchanged.",[14,143034,124631,143035,497],{},[372,143036,124634],{"href":50495},[42,143038,220],{"id":219},[14,143040,25992],{},[26,143042,143043,143048],{},[29,143044,143045],{},[18,143046,143047],{},"string.strip()",[29,143049,143050],{},[18,143051,143052],{},"string.strip(chars)",[615,143054,143056],{"id":143055},"stringstrip",[18,143057,143047],{},[14,143059,143060],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[47,143062,143064],{"className":49,"code":143063,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[18,143065,143066,143079],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143067,143068,143070,143072,143074,143077],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143069,7359],{"class":284},[56,143071,288],{"class":75},[56,143073,1448],{"class":937},[56,143075,143076],{"class":941},"  Alice  ",[56,143078,1454],{"class":937},[56,143080,143081,143083,143085,143087,143089,143091],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,143082,63],{"class":62},[56,143084,67],{"class":66},[56,143086,7149],{"class":237},[56,143088,497],{"class":66},[56,143090,8120],{"class":237},[56,143092,6674],{"class":66},[14,143094,130],{},[47,143096,143098],{"className":49,"code":143097,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Alice\n",[18,143099,143100],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143101,143102],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143103,143097],{"class":284},[615,143105,143107],{"id":143106},"stringstripchars",[18,143108,143052],{},[14,143110,143111],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[47,143113,143115],{"className":49,"code":143114,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[18,143116,143117,143130],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143118,143119,143121,143123,143125,143128],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143120,34197],{"class":284},[56,143122,288],{"class":75},[56,143124,1448],{"class":937},[56,143126,143127],{"class":941},"!!hello??",[56,143129,1454],{"class":937},[56,143131,143132,143134,143136,143138,143140,143142,143144,143146,143149,143151],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,143133,63],{"class":62},[56,143135,67],{"class":66},[56,143137,34218],{"class":237},[56,143139,497],{"class":66},[56,143141,8120],{"class":237},[56,143143,67],{"class":66},[56,143145,938],{"class":937},[56,143147,143148],{"class":941},"!?",[56,143150,938],{"class":937},[56,143152,83],{"class":66},[14,143154,130],{},[47,143156,143157],{"className":49,"code":138194,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,143158,143159],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143160,143161],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143162,138194],{"class":284},[14,143164,83345],{},[26,143166,143167,143172],{},[29,143168,143169,143171],{},[18,143170,134138],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[29,143173,143174,143175,143177],{},"The order of characters in ",[18,143176,134138],{}," does not matter",[42,143179,143181,143182],{"id":143180},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[18,143183,41169],{},[14,143185,30392,143186,497],{},[18,143187,41169],{},[14,143189,143190],{},"It is useful for:",[26,143192,143193,143198,143201,143204],{},[29,143194,143195,143196,3351],{},"Cleaning ",[18,143197,1046],{},[29,143199,143200],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[29,143202,143203],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[29,143205,143206],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[14,143208,47880],{},[47,143210,143212],{"className":49,"code":143211,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[18,143213,143214,143227,143243,143247],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143215,143216,143218,143220,143222,143225],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143217,7444],{"class":284},[56,143219,288],{"class":75},[56,143221,1448],{"class":937},[56,143223,143224],{"class":941},"  sam  ",[56,143226,1454],{"class":937},[56,143228,143229,143232,143234,143237,143239,143241],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,143230,143231],{"class":284},"clean_username ",[56,143233,288],{"class":75},[56,143235,143236],{"class":284}," username",[56,143238,497],{"class":66},[56,143240,8120],{"class":237},[56,143242,8129],{"class":66},[56,143244,143245],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,143246,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,143248,143249,143251,143253,143256],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,143250,63],{"class":62},[56,143252,67],{"class":66},[56,143254,143255],{"class":237},"clean_username",[56,143257,241],{"class":66},[14,143259,130],{},[47,143261,143263],{"className":49,"code":143262,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"sam\n",[18,143264,143265],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143266,143267],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143268,143262],{"class":284},[14,143270,143271],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[47,143273,143275],{"className":49,"code":143274,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[18,143276,143277,143290,143294,143316],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143278,143279,143281,143283,143285,143288],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143280,136122],{"class":284},[56,143282,288],{"class":75},[56,143284,1448],{"class":937},[56,143286,143287],{"class":941}," yes  ",[56,143289,1454],{"class":937},[56,143291,143292],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,143293,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,143295,143296,143298,143300,143302,143304,143306,143308,143310,143312,143314],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,143297,6477],{"class":3341},[56,143299,136142],{"class":284},[56,143301,497],{"class":66},[56,143303,8120],{"class":237},[56,143305,6846],{"class":66},[56,143307,5886],{"class":75},[56,143309,1448],{"class":937},[56,143311,8144],{"class":941},[56,143313,938],{"class":937},[56,143315,5871],{"class":66},[56,143317,143318,143320,143322,143324,143327,143329],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,143319,7552],{"class":62},[56,143321,67],{"class":66},[56,143323,938],{"class":937},[56,143325,143326],{"class":941},"Matched",[56,143328,938],{"class":937},[56,143330,241],{"class":66},[14,143332,130],{},[47,143334,143336],{"className":49,"code":143335,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Matched\n",[18,143337,143338],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143339,143340],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143341,143335],{"class":284},[14,143343,143344,143345,497],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[372,143346,143348],{"href":143347},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[14,143350,143351],{},"Example with file-style text:",[47,143353,143355],{"className":49,"code":143354,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[18,143356,143357,143373,143387],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143358,143359,143362,143364,143366,143369,143371],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143360,143361],{"class":284},"line ",[56,143363,288],{"class":75},[56,143365,1448],{"class":937},[56,143367,143368],{"class":941},"Python basics",[56,143370,86677],{"class":33962},[56,143372,1454],{"class":937},[56,143374,143375,143377,143379,143381,143383,143385],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,143376,63],{"class":62},[56,143378,67],{"class":66},[56,143380,41295],{"class":62},[56,143382,67],{"class":66},[56,143384,58],{"class":237},[56,143386,83],{"class":66},[56,143388,143389,143391,143393,143395,143397,143399,143401,143403],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,143390,63],{"class":62},[56,143392,67],{"class":66},[56,143394,41295],{"class":62},[56,143396,67],{"class":66},[56,143398,58],{"class":237},[56,143400,497],{"class":66},[56,143402,8120],{"class":237},[56,143404,5767],{"class":66},[14,143406,130],{},[47,143408,143410],{"className":49,"code":143409,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[18,143411,143412,143423],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143413,143414,143416,143418,143421],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143415,1394],{"class":42845},[56,143417,143368],{"class":42849},[56,143419,86677],{"class":143420},"sfi6f",[56,143422,29206],{"class":42845},[56,143424,143425,143427,143429],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,143426,1394],{"class":42845},[56,143428,143368],{"class":42849},[56,143430,29206],{"class":42845},[14,143432,7902,143433,143435,143436,497],{},[18,143434,122093],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[18,143437,86677],{},[14,143439,143440,143441,497],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[372,143442,143443],{"href":87330},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[42,143445,143447],{"id":143446},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[14,143449,143450,143451,497],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[18,143452,143453],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[14,143455,143456],{},"Python will:",[26,143458,143459,143462,143465],{},[29,143460,143461],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[29,143463,143464],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[29,143466,143467],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[14,143469,274],{},[47,143471,143473],{"className":49,"code":143472,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[18,143474,143475,143488],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143476,143477,143479,143481,143483,143486],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143478,34197],{"class":284},[56,143480,288],{"class":75},[56,143482,1448],{"class":937},[56,143484,143485],{"class":941},"??hello!!",[56,143487,1454],{"class":937},[56,143489,143490,143492,143494,143496,143498,143500,143502,143504,143506,143508],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,143491,63],{"class":62},[56,143493,67],{"class":66},[56,143495,34218],{"class":237},[56,143497,497],{"class":66},[56,143499,8120],{"class":237},[56,143501,67],{"class":66},[56,143503,938],{"class":937},[56,143505,143148],{"class":941},[56,143507,938],{"class":937},[56,143509,83],{"class":66},[14,143511,130],{},[47,143513,143514],{"className":49,"code":138194,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,143515,143516],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143517,143518],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143519,138194],{"class":284},[14,143521,51600],{},[47,143523,143525],{"className":49,"code":143524,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[18,143526,143527,143540],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143528,143529,143531,143533,143535,143538],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143530,34197],{"class":284},[56,143532,288],{"class":75},[56,143534,1448],{"class":937},[56,143536,143537],{"class":941},"abcHelloCba",[56,143539,1454],{"class":937},[56,143541,143542,143544,143546,143548,143550,143552,143554,143556,143558,143560],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,143543,63],{"class":62},[56,143545,67],{"class":66},[56,143547,34218],{"class":237},[56,143549,497],{"class":66},[56,143551,8120],{"class":237},[56,143553,67],{"class":66},[56,143555,938],{"class":937},[56,143557,41076],{"class":941},[56,143559,938],{"class":937},[56,143561,83],{"class":66},[14,143563,130],{},[47,143565,143567],{"className":49,"code":143566,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"HelloC\n",[18,143568,143569],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143570,143571],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143572,143566],{"class":284},[14,143574,5712],{},[14,143576,143577,13551,143580,143582,143583,143585,143586,255,143588,259,143590,143592],{},[18,143578,143579],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[3205,143581,4101],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[18,143584,41076],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[18,143587,372],{},[18,143589,4232],{},[18,143591,9228],{}," characters from both ends”.",[14,143594,143595],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[14,143597,143598,143599,6110],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[372,143600,143601],{"href":129460},[18,143602,124050],{},[42,143604,143606,10075,143608,10075,143611],{"id":143605},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[18,143607,41169],{},[18,143609,143610],{},"lstrip()",[18,143612,143613],{},"rstrip()",[14,143615,143616],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[26,143618,143619,143624,143629],{},[29,143620,143621,143623],{},[18,143622,41169],{}," removes from both ends",[29,143625,143626,143628],{},[18,143627,143610],{}," removes from the left side only",[29,143630,143631,143633],{},[18,143632,143613],{}," removes from the right side only",[14,143635,274],{},[47,143637,143639],{"className":49,"code":143638,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[18,143640,143641,143653,143657,143675,143694],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143642,143643,143645,143647,143649,143651],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143644,34197],{"class":284},[56,143646,288],{"class":75},[56,143648,1448],{"class":937},[56,143650,142886],{"class":941},[56,143652,1454],{"class":937},[56,143654,143655],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,143656,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,143658,143659,143661,143663,143665,143667,143669,143671,143673],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,143660,63],{"class":62},[56,143662,67],{"class":66},[56,143664,41295],{"class":62},[56,143666,67],{"class":66},[56,143668,34218],{"class":237},[56,143670,497],{"class":66},[56,143672,8120],{"class":237},[56,143674,5767],{"class":66},[56,143676,143677,143679,143681,143683,143685,143687,143689,143692],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,143678,63],{"class":62},[56,143680,67],{"class":66},[56,143682,41295],{"class":62},[56,143684,67],{"class":66},[56,143686,34218],{"class":237},[56,143688,497],{"class":66},[56,143690,143691],{"class":237},"lstrip",[56,143693,5767],{"class":66},[56,143695,143696,143698,143700,143702,143704,143706,143708,143711],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,143697,63],{"class":62},[56,143699,67],{"class":66},[56,143701,41295],{"class":62},[56,143703,67],{"class":66},[56,143705,34218],{"class":237},[56,143707,497],{"class":66},[56,143709,143710],{"class":237},"rstrip",[56,143712,5767],{"class":66},[14,143714,130],{},[47,143716,143718],{"className":49,"code":143717,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[18,143719,143720,143728,143737],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143721,143722,143724,143726],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143723,1394],{"class":42845},[56,143725,3309],{"class":42849},[56,143727,29206],{"class":42845},[56,143729,143730,143732,143735],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,143731,1394],{"class":42845},[56,143733,143734],{"class":42849},"hello  ",[56,143736,29206],{"class":42845},[56,143738,143739,143741,143744],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,143740,1394],{"class":42845},[56,143742,143743],{"class":42849},"  hello",[56,143745,29206],{"class":42845},[14,143747,143748],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[42,143750,107887],{"id":107886},[14,143752,143753],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[26,143755,143756,143764,143774,143777],{},[29,143757,143758,143760,143761,143763],{},[18,143759,143579],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[18,143762,41045],{}," once",[29,143765,143766,143767,255,143769,259,143771,143773],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[18,143768,372],{},[18,143770,4232],{},[18,143772,9228],{}," from both ends",[29,143775,143776],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[29,143778,143779],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[14,143781,274],{},[47,143783,143785],{"className":49,"code":143784,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[18,143786,143787,143800],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143788,143789,143791,143793,143795,143798],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143790,125962],{"class":284},[56,143792,288],{"class":75},[56,143794,1448],{"class":937},[56,143796,143797],{"class":941},"txt_report.txt",[56,143799,1454],{"class":937},[56,143801,143802,143804,143806,143808,143810,143812,143814,143816,143818,143820],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,143803,63],{"class":62},[56,143805,67],{"class":66},[56,143807,125980],{"class":237},[56,143809,497],{"class":66},[56,143811,8120],{"class":237},[56,143813,67],{"class":66},[56,143815,938],{"class":937},[56,143817,126015],{"class":941},[56,143819,938],{"class":937},[56,143821,83],{"class":66},[14,143823,130],{},[47,143825,143827],{"className":49,"code":143826,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"_report\n",[18,143828,143829],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143830,143831],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143832,143826],{"class":284},[14,143834,143835,143836,255,143838,259,143840,143842],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[18,143837,497],{},[18,143839,62810],{},[18,143841,238],{}," characters from both ends.",[14,143844,53174,143845,4255,143848,143850],{},[18,143846,143847],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[3205,143849,4101],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[14,143852,143853,143854,143858],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[372,143855,143856],{"href":129460},[18,143857,124050],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[42,143860,4433,143862],{"id":143861},"when-to-use-strip",[18,143863,41169],{},[14,143865,153,143866,143868],{},[18,143867,41169],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[14,143870,35938],{},[26,143872,143873,143877,143879,143882],{},[29,143874,143195,143875,3351],{},[18,143876,1046],{},[29,143878,143200],{},[29,143880,143881],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[29,143883,143884],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[14,143886,274],{},[47,143888,143890],{"className":49,"code":143889,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[18,143891,143892,143906,143910,143923],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143893,143894,143897,143899,143901,143904],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143895,143896],{"class":284},"email ",[56,143898,288],{"class":75},[56,143900,1448],{"class":937},[56,143902,143903],{"class":941},"  user@example.com  ",[56,143905,1454],{"class":937},[56,143907,143908],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,143909,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,143911,143912,143914,143917,143919,143921],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,143913,6477],{"class":3341},[56,143915,143916],{"class":284}," email",[56,143918,497],{"class":66},[56,143920,8120],{"class":237},[56,143922,21098],{"class":66},[56,143924,143925,143927,143929,143931,143934,143936],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,143926,7552],{"class":62},[56,143928,67],{"class":66},[56,143930,938],{"class":937},[56,143932,143933],{"class":941},"Email was entered",[56,143935,938],{"class":937},[56,143937,241],{"class":66},[14,143939,130],{},[47,143941,143943],{"className":49,"code":143942,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Email was entered\n",[18,143944,143945],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143946,143947],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143948,143942],{"class":284},[14,143950,143951,143952,143954,143955,497],{},"You may also combine ",[18,143953,41169],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[372,143956,143957],{"href":123606},[18,143958,123609],{},[42,143960,912],{"id":911},[14,143962,83764],{},[26,143964,143965,143969,143974,143979],{},[29,143966,7938,143967,131099],{},[18,143968,41169],{},[29,143970,7938,143971,143973],{},[18,143972,41169],{}," to remove text from the middle",[29,143975,7902,143976,143978],{},[18,143977,143847],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[29,143980,4175,143981,143984],{},[18,143982,143983],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[14,143986,143987],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[47,143989,143991],{"className":49,"code":143990,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[18,143992,143993,144007,144011,144021,144035,144049],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,143994,143995,143997,143999,144001,144003,144005],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,143996,34197],{"class":284},[56,143998,288],{"class":75},[56,144000,1448],{"class":937},[56,144002,143743],{"class":941},[56,144004,86677],{"class":33962},[56,144006,1454],{"class":937},[56,144008,144009],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,144010,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,144012,144013,144015,144017,144019],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,144014,63],{"class":62},[56,144016,67],{"class":66},[56,144018,34218],{"class":237},[56,144020,241],{"class":66},[56,144022,144023,144025,144027,144029,144031,144033],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,144024,63],{"class":62},[56,144026,67],{"class":66},[56,144028,41295],{"class":62},[56,144030,67],{"class":66},[56,144032,34218],{"class":237},[56,144034,83],{"class":66},[56,144036,144037,144039,144041,144043,144045,144047],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,144038,63],{"class":62},[56,144040,67],{"class":66},[56,144042,34218],{"class":237},[56,144044,497],{"class":66},[56,144046,8120],{"class":237},[56,144048,6674],{"class":66},[56,144050,144051,144053,144055,144057,144059,144061,144063,144065],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,144052,63],{"class":62},[56,144054,67],{"class":66},[56,144056,41295],{"class":62},[56,144058,67],{"class":66},[56,144060,34218],{"class":237},[56,144062,497],{"class":66},[56,144064,8120],{"class":237},[56,144066,5767],{"class":66},[14,144068,130],{},[47,144070,144072],{"className":49,"code":144071,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[18,144073,144074,144079,144083,144093,144097],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144075,144076],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144077,144078],{"class":284},"  hello\n",[56,144080,144081],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,144082,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,144084,144085,144087,144089,144091],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,144086,1394],{"class":42845},[56,144088,143743],{"class":42849},[56,144090,86677],{"class":143420},[56,144092,29206],{"class":42845},[56,144094,144095],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,144096,138194],{"class":284},[56,144098,144099,144101,144103],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,144100,1394],{"class":42845},[56,144102,3309],{"class":42849},[56,144104,29206],{"class":42845},[14,144106,144107],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[47,144109,144111],{"className":49,"code":144110,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[18,144112,144113,144123,144137,144151,144169],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144114,144115,144117,144119,144121],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144116,63],{"class":62},[56,144118,67],{"class":66},[56,144120,34218],{"class":237},[56,144122,241],{"class":66},[56,144124,144125,144127,144129,144131,144133,144135],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,144126,63],{"class":62},[56,144128,67],{"class":66},[56,144130,41295],{"class":62},[56,144132,67],{"class":66},[56,144134,34218],{"class":237},[56,144136,83],{"class":66},[56,144138,144139,144141,144143,144145,144147,144149],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,144140,63],{"class":62},[56,144142,67],{"class":66},[56,144144,34218],{"class":237},[56,144146,497],{"class":66},[56,144148,8120],{"class":237},[56,144150,6674],{"class":66},[56,144152,144153,144155,144157,144159,144161,144163,144165,144167],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,144154,63],{"class":62},[56,144156,67],{"class":66},[56,144158,41295],{"class":62},[56,144160,67],{"class":66},[56,144162,34218],{"class":237},[56,144164,497],{"class":66},[56,144166,8120],{"class":237},[56,144168,5767],{"class":66},[56,144170,144171,144173,144175,144177,144179,144181],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,144172,31660],{"class":62},[56,144174,67],{"class":66},[56,144176,1540],{"class":989},[56,144178,497],{"class":66},[56,144180,8120],{"class":24254},[56,144182,241],{"class":66},[14,144184,144185,144187],{},[18,144186,122093],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[42,144189,1553],{"id":1552},[615,144191,12199,144193,144195],{"id":144192},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[18,144194,41169],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[14,144197,45883,144198,144200],{},[18,144199,41169],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[615,144202,12199,144204,124206],{"id":144203},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[18,144205,41169],{},[14,144207,144208],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[615,144210,4615,144212,144214],{"id":144211},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[18,144213,41169],{}," remove by default?",[14,144216,144217],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[615,144219,33714,144221,33717,144223,571],{"id":144220},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[18,144222,41169],{},[18,144224,124050],{},[14,144226,144227,144229,144230,144232],{},[18,144228,41169],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[18,144231,124050],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[615,144234,144236],{"id":144235},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[14,144238,127752,144239,144241,144242,144244],{},[18,144240,143610],{}," for the left side and ",[18,144243,143613],{}," for the right side.",[42,144246,1601],{"id":1600},[26,144248,144249,144255,144261,144266,144271],{},[29,144250,144251],{},[372,144252,125879,144253,10231],{"href":123606},[18,144254,123609],{},[29,144256,144257],{},[372,144258,125879,144259,10231],{"href":129460},[18,144260,124050],{},[29,144262,144263],{},[372,144264,144265],{"href":143347},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[29,144267,144268],{},[372,144269,144270],{"href":87330},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[29,144272,144273],{},[372,144274,124634],{"href":50495},[1633,144276,144277],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sfi6f, html code.shiki .sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":144279},[144280,144281,144283,144287,144289,144290,144292,144293,144295,144296,144307],{"id":3064,"depth":86,"text":3065},{"id":142932,"depth":86,"text":144282},"What strip() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220,"children":144284},[144285,144286],{"id":143055,"depth":102,"text":143047},{"id":143106,"depth":102,"text":143052},{"id":143180,"depth":86,"text":144288},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143446,"depth":86,"text":143447},{"id":143605,"depth":86,"text":144291},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":107886,"depth":86,"text":107887},{"id":143861,"depth":86,"text":144294},"When to use strip()",{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":144297},[144298,144300,144302,144304,144306],{"id":144192,"depth":102,"text":144299},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144203,"depth":102,"text":144301},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144211,"depth":102,"text":144303},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144220,"depth":102,"text":144305},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144235,"depth":102,"text":144236},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":142853,"description":144308},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144315,"title":144316,"body":144317,"description":145497,"extension":1665,"meta":145498,"navigation":316,"path":145499,"seo":145500,"stem":145501,"__hash__":145502},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144318,"toc":145467},[144319,144324,144329,144334,144336,144382,144390,144395,144409,144415,144417,144419,144434,144436,144446,144449,144480,144483,144506,144508,144511,144568,144570,144584,144586,144600,144606,144611,144614,144655,144657,144666,144674,144677,144722,144724,144733,144736,144740,144745,144759,144761,144793,144795,144815,144818,144823,144828,144830,144841,144844,144901,144903,144911,144920,144922,144924,144930,144932,144969,144971,144979,144981,145022,145024,145033,145038,145043,145045,145072,145079,145082,145113,145115,145124,145130,145139,145170,145172,145184,145197,145201,145206,145236,145238,145305,145307,145317,145319,145324,145327,145332,145337,145341,145347,145353,145356,145358,145416,145418,145426,145428,145464],[10,144320,122879,144322,10814],{"id":144321},"python-string-upper-method",[18,144323,127757],{},[14,144325,122884,144326,144328],{},[18,144327,127757],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[14,144330,84141,144331,144333],{},[18,144332,127757],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[42,144335,45],{"id":44},[47,144337,144339],{"className":49,"code":144338,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[18,144340,144341,144353,144367,144377],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144342,144343,144345,144347,144349,144351],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144344,34197],{"class":284},[56,144346,288],{"class":75},[56,144348,1448],{"class":937},[56,144350,128598],{"class":941},[56,144352,1454],{"class":937},[56,144354,144355,144357,144359,144361,144363,144365],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,144356,299],{"class":284},[56,144358,288],{"class":75},[56,144360,42358],{"class":284},[56,144362,497],{"class":66},[56,144364,33987],{"class":237},[56,144366,8129],{"class":66},[56,144368,144369,144371,144373,144375],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,144370,63],{"class":62},[56,144372,67],{"class":66},[56,144374,338],{"class":237},[56,144376,241],{"class":66},[56,144378,144379],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,144380,144381],{"class":3123},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[14,144383,144384,144386,144387,144389],{},[18,144385,127757],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[3205,144388,4101],{}," change the original string in place.",[42,144391,3138,144393,3141],{"id":144392},"what-upper-does",[18,144394,127757],{},[26,144396,144397,144402,144405,144407],{},[29,144398,144399,144401],{},[18,144400,127757],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[29,144403,144404],{},"It works on string values only",[29,144406,133127],{},[29,144408,135845],{},[14,144410,124631,144411,964,144413,497],{},[372,144412,135851],{"href":135850},[372,144414,124634],{"href":50495},[42,144416,220],{"id":219},[14,144418,223],{},[47,144420,144422],{"className":49,"code":144421,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"string.upper()\n",[18,144423,144424],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144425,144426,144428,144430,144432],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144427,60697],{"class":284},[56,144429,497],{"class":66},[56,144431,33987],{"class":237},[56,144433,8129],{"class":66},[14,144435,10951],{},[26,144437,144438,144440,144443],{},[29,144439,97052],{},[29,144441,144442],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[29,144444,144445],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[14,144447,144448],{},"Example with a variable:",[47,144450,144452],{"className":49,"code":144451,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[18,144453,144454,144466],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144455,144456,144458,144460,144462,144464],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144457,7359],{"class":284},[56,144459,288],{"class":75},[56,144461,1448],{"class":937},[56,144463,51],{"class":941},[56,144465,1454],{"class":937},[56,144467,144468,144470,144472,144474,144476,144478],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,144469,63],{"class":62},[56,144471,67],{"class":66},[56,144473,7149],{"class":237},[56,144475,497],{"class":66},[56,144477,33987],{"class":237},[56,144479,6674],{"class":66},[14,144481,144482],{},"Example with a string literal:",[47,144484,144486],{"className":49,"code":144485,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[18,144487,144488],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144489,144490,144492,144494,144496,144498,144500,144502,144504],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144491,63],{"class":62},[56,144493,67],{"class":66},[56,144495,938],{"class":937},[56,144497,3309],{"class":941},[56,144499,938],{"class":937},[56,144501,497],{"class":66},[56,144503,33987],{"class":237},[56,144505,6674],{"class":66},[42,144507,10968],{"id":10967},[14,144509,144510],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[47,144512,144514],{"className":49,"code":144513,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[18,144515,144516,144528,144543,144547,144557],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144517,144518,144520,144522,144524,144526],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144519,5631],{"class":284},[56,144521,288],{"class":75},[56,144523,1448],{"class":937},[56,144525,3555],{"class":941},[56,144527,1454],{"class":937},[56,144529,144530,144533,144535,144537,144539,144541],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,144531,144532],{"class":284},"uppercase_word ",[56,144534,288],{"class":75},[56,144536,37895],{"class":284},[56,144538,497],{"class":66},[56,144540,33987],{"class":237},[56,144542,8129],{"class":66},[56,144544,144545],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,144546,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,144548,144549,144551,144553,144555],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,144550,63],{"class":62},[56,144552,67],{"class":66},[56,144554,37905],{"class":237},[56,144556,241],{"class":66},[56,144558,144559,144561,144563,144566],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,144560,63],{"class":62},[56,144562,67],{"class":66},[56,144564,144565],{"class":237},"uppercase_word",[56,144567,241],{"class":66},[14,144569,130],{},[47,144571,144573],{"className":49,"code":144572,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"banana\nBANANA\n",[18,144574,144575,144579],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144576,144577],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144578,69930],{"class":284},[56,144580,144581],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,144582,144583],{"class":33962},"BANANA\n",[14,144585,111993],{},[26,144587,144588,144593],{},[29,144589,144590,144592],{},[18,144591,37905],{}," keeps its original value",[29,144594,144595,144597,144598],{},[18,144596,144565],{}," stores the returned value from ",[18,144599,127757],{},[42,144601,144603,144605],{"id":144602},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[18,144604,127757],{}," does not change the original string",[14,144607,136511,144608,144610],{},[3205,144609,136514],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[14,144612,144613],{},"So this method:",[47,144615,144617],{"className":49,"code":144616,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[18,144618,144619,144631,144641,144645],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144620,144621,144623,144625,144627,144629],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144622,7359],{"class":284},[56,144624,288],{"class":75},[56,144626,1448],{"class":937},[56,144628,17304],{"class":941},[56,144630,1454],{"class":937},[56,144632,144633,144635,144637,144639],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,144634,7149],{"class":284},[56,144636,497],{"class":66},[56,144638,33987],{"class":237},[56,144640,8129],{"class":66},[56,144642,144643],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,144644,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,144646,144647,144649,144651,144653],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,144648,63],{"class":62},[56,144650,67],{"class":66},[56,144652,7149],{"class":237},[56,144654,241],{"class":66},[14,144656,130],{},[47,144658,144660],{"className":49,"code":144659,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"alice\n",[18,144661,144662],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144663,144664],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144665,144659],{"class":284},[14,144667,20480,144668,144670,144671,144673],{},[18,144669,127757],{}," was called, ",[18,144672,7149],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[14,144675,144676],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[47,144678,144680],{"className":49,"code":144679,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[18,144681,144682,144694,144708,144712],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144683,144684,144686,144688,144690,144692],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144685,7359],{"class":284},[56,144687,288],{"class":75},[56,144689,1448],{"class":937},[56,144691,17304],{"class":941},[56,144693,1454],{"class":937},[56,144695,144696,144698,144700,144702,144704,144706],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,144697,7359],{"class":284},[56,144699,288],{"class":75},[56,144701,35503],{"class":284},[56,144703,497],{"class":66},[56,144705,33987],{"class":237},[56,144707,8129],{"class":66},[56,144709,144710],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,144711,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,144713,144714,144716,144718,144720],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,144715,63],{"class":62},[56,144717,67],{"class":66},[56,144719,7149],{"class":237},[56,144721,241],{"class":66},[14,144723,130],{},[47,144725,144727],{"className":49,"code":144726,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"ALICE\n",[18,144728,144729],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144730,144731],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144732,144726],{"class":33962},[14,144734,144735],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[42,144737,144739],{"id":144738},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[14,144741,144742,144744],{},[18,144743,127757],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[26,144746,144747,144750,144753,144756],{},[29,144748,144749],{},"Numbers stay the same",[29,144751,144752],{},"Spaces stay the same",[29,144754,144755],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[29,144757,144758],{},"Only letters are changed",[14,144760,274],{},[47,144762,144764],{"className":49,"code":144763,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[18,144765,144766,144779],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144767,144768,144770,144772,144774,144777],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144769,34197],{"class":284},[56,144771,288],{"class":75},[56,144773,1448],{"class":937},[56,144775,144776],{"class":941},"Room 7, table #3!",[56,144778,1454],{"class":937},[56,144780,144781,144783,144785,144787,144789,144791],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,144782,63],{"class":62},[56,144784,67],{"class":66},[56,144786,34218],{"class":237},[56,144788,497],{"class":66},[56,144790,33987],{"class":237},[56,144792,6674],{"class":66},[14,144794,130],{},[47,144796,144798],{"className":49,"code":144797,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[18,144799,144800],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144801,144802,144805,144807,144809,144812],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144803,144804],{"class":33962},"ROOM",[56,144806,5470],{"class":79},[56,144808,1080],{"class":66},[56,144810,144811],{"class":33962}," TABLE",[56,144813,144814],{"class":3123}," #3!\n",[14,144816,144817],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[42,144819,4433,144821],{"id":144820},"when-to-use-upper",[18,144822,127757],{},[14,144824,144825,144827],{},[18,144826,127757],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[14,144829,47858],{},[26,144831,144832,144835,144838],{},[29,144833,144834],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[29,144836,144837],{},"Format labels or headings",[29,144839,144840],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[14,144842,144843],{},"Example: simple comparison",[47,144845,144847],{"className":49,"code":144846,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[18,144848,144849,144861,144865,144887],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144850,144851,144853,144855,144857,144859],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144852,136122],{"class":284},[56,144854,288],{"class":75},[56,144856,1448],{"class":937},[56,144858,8144],{"class":941},[56,144860,1454],{"class":937},[56,144862,144863],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,144864,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,144866,144867,144869,144871,144873,144875,144877,144879,144881,144883,144885],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,144868,6477],{"class":3341},[56,144870,136142],{"class":284},[56,144872,497],{"class":66},[56,144874,33987],{"class":237},[56,144876,6846],{"class":66},[56,144878,5886],{"class":75},[56,144880,1448],{"class":937},[56,144882,136129],{"class":941},[56,144884,938],{"class":937},[56,144886,5871],{"class":66},[56,144888,144889,144891,144893,144895,144897,144899],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,144890,7552],{"class":62},[56,144892,67],{"class":66},[56,144894,938],{"class":937},[56,144896,143326],{"class":941},[56,144898,938],{"class":937},[56,144900,241],{"class":66},[14,144902,130],{},[47,144904,144905],{"className":49,"code":143335,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,144906,144907],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144908,144909],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144910,143335],{"class":284},[14,144912,144913,144914,255,144916,259,144918,497],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[18,144915,8144],{},[18,144917,136915],{},[18,144919,136129],{},[42,144921,912],{"id":911},[615,144923,95413],{"id":95412},[14,144925,7600,144926,144929],{},[18,144927,144928],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[14,144931,16143],{},[47,144933,144935],{"className":49,"code":144934,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[18,144936,144937,144949,144959],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144938,144939,144941,144943,144945,144947],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144940,34197],{"class":284},[56,144942,288],{"class":75},[56,144944,1448],{"class":937},[56,144946,3309],{"class":941},[56,144948,1454],{"class":937},[56,144950,144951,144953,144955,144957],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,144952,34218],{"class":284},[56,144954,497],{"class":66},[56,144956,33987],{"class":237},[56,144958,8129],{"class":66},[56,144960,144961,144963,144965,144967],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,144962,63],{"class":62},[56,144964,67],{"class":66},[56,144966,34218],{"class":237},[56,144968,241],{"class":66},[14,144970,130],{},[47,144972,144973],{"className":49,"code":138194,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,144974,144975],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144976,144977],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144978,138194],{"class":284},[14,144980,16155],{},[47,144982,144984],{"className":49,"code":144983,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[18,144985,144986,144998,145012],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,144987,144988,144990,144992,144994,144996],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,144989,34197],{"class":284},[56,144991,288],{"class":75},[56,144993,1448],{"class":937},[56,144995,3309],{"class":941},[56,144997,1454],{"class":937},[56,144999,145000,145002,145004,145006,145008,145010],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,145001,34197],{"class":284},[56,145003,288],{"class":75},[56,145005,42358],{"class":284},[56,145007,497],{"class":66},[56,145009,33987],{"class":237},[56,145011,8129],{"class":66},[56,145013,145014,145016,145018,145020],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,145015,63],{"class":62},[56,145017,67],{"class":66},[56,145019,34218],{"class":237},[56,145021,241],{"class":66},[14,145023,130],{},[47,145025,145027],{"className":49,"code":145026,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"HELLO\n",[18,145028,145029],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145030,145031],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145032,145026],{"class":33962},[615,145034,18409,145036,136801],{"id":145035},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[18,145037,127757],{},[14,145039,145040,145042],{},[18,145041,127757],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[14,145044,274],{},[47,145046,145048],{"className":49,"code":145047,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[18,145049,145050,145058],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145051,145052,145054,145056],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145053,285],{"class":284},[56,145055,288],{"class":75},[56,145057,124561],{"class":79},[56,145059,145060,145062,145064,145066,145068,145070],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,145061,63],{"class":62},[56,145063,67],{"class":66},[56,145065,309],{"class":237},[56,145067,497],{"class":66},[56,145069,33987],{"class":237},[56,145071,6674],{"class":66},[14,145073,39168,145074,145076,145077,33109],{},[18,145075,254],{}," objects do not have an ",[18,145078,127757],{},[14,145080,145081],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[47,145083,145085],{"className":49,"code":145084,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[18,145086,145087,145095],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145088,145089,145091,145093],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145090,285],{"class":284},[56,145092,288],{"class":75},[56,145094,124561],{"class":79},[56,145096,145097,145099,145101,145103,145105,145107,145109,145111],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,145098,63],{"class":62},[56,145100,67],{"class":66},[56,145102,1540],{"class":989},[56,145104,67],{"class":66},[56,145106,309],{"class":237},[56,145108,8117],{"class":66},[56,145110,33987],{"class":237},[56,145112,6674],{"class":66},[14,145114,130],{},[47,145116,145118],{"className":49,"code":145117,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"123\n",[18,145119,145120],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145121,145122],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145123,145117],{"class":79},[615,145125,36717,145127,145129],{"id":145126},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[18,145128,127757],{}," with title case",[14,145131,145132,145134,145135,145138],{},[18,145133,127757],{}," makes ",[3205,145136,145137],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[47,145140,145142],{"className":49,"code":145141,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[18,145143,145144,145156],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145145,145146,145148,145150,145152,145154],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145147,34197],{"class":284},[56,145149,288],{"class":75},[56,145151,1448],{"class":937},[56,145153,59929],{"class":941},[56,145155,1454],{"class":937},[56,145157,145158,145160,145162,145164,145166,145168],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,145159,63],{"class":62},[56,145161,67],{"class":66},[56,145163,34218],{"class":237},[56,145165,497],{"class":66},[56,145167,33987],{"class":237},[56,145169,6674],{"class":66},[14,145171,130],{},[47,145173,145175],{"className":49,"code":145174,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"HELLO WORLD\n",[18,145176,145177],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145178,145179,145181],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145180,135903],{"class":33962},[56,145182,145183],{"class":33962}," WORLD\n",[14,145185,145186,145187,145191,145192,145196],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[372,145188,145189],{"href":123606},[18,145190,123609],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[372,145193,145194],{"href":129460},[18,145195,124050],{}," changes parts of a string.",[42,145198,145200],{"id":145199},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[14,145202,145203,145204,971],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[18,145205,127757],{},[26,145207,145208,145215,145222,145229],{},[29,145209,145210,145214],{},[372,145211,145212],{"href":123606},[18,145213,123609],{}," for lowercase text",[29,145216,145217,145221],{},[372,145218,145219],{"href":136449},[18,145220,41169],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[29,145223,145224,145228],{},[372,145225,145226],{"href":129460},[18,145227,124050],{}," for changing parts of a string",[29,145230,145231,3862,145233,145235],{},[18,145232,127247],{},[18,145234,125937],{}," for checks",[14,145237,274],{},[47,145239,145241],{"className":49,"code":145240,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[18,145242,145243,145255,145259,145274,145290,145294],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145244,145245,145247,145249,145251,145253],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145246,34197],{"class":284},[56,145248,288],{"class":75},[56,145250,1448],{"class":937},[56,145252,142977],{"class":941},[56,145254,1454],{"class":937},[56,145256,145257],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,145258,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,145260,145261,145264,145266,145268,145270,145272],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,145262,145263],{"class":284},"cleaned ",[56,145265,288],{"class":75},[56,145267,42358],{"class":284},[56,145269,497],{"class":66},[56,145271,8120],{"class":237},[56,145273,8129],{"class":66},[56,145275,145276,145279,145281,145284,145286,145288],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,145277,145278],{"class":284},"loud ",[56,145280,288],{"class":75},[56,145282,145283],{"class":284}," cleaned",[56,145285,497],{"class":66},[56,145287,33987],{"class":237},[56,145289,8129],{"class":66},[56,145291,145292],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,145293,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,145295,145296,145298,145300,145303],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,145297,63],{"class":62},[56,145299,67],{"class":66},[56,145301,145302],{"class":237},"loud",[56,145304,241],{"class":66},[14,145306,130],{},[47,145308,145309],{"className":49,"code":145174,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,145310,145311],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145312,145313,145315],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145314,135903],{"class":33962},[56,145316,145183],{"class":33962},[42,145318,1553],{"id":1552},[615,145320,12199,145322,124206],{"id":145321},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[18,145323,127757],{},[14,145325,145326],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[615,145328,12199,145330,137183],{"id":145329},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[18,145331,127757],{},[14,145333,145334,145335,497],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[18,145336,144928],{},[615,145338,145340],{"id":145339},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[14,145342,145343,145344,145346],{},"They stay the same. ",[18,145345,127757],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[615,145348,27834,145350,145352],{"id":145349},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[18,145351,127757],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[14,145354,145355],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[14,145357,274],{},[47,145359,145361],{"className":49,"code":145360,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[18,145362,145363,145375,145388,145392],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145364,145365,145367,145369,145371,145373],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145366,635],{"class":284},[56,145368,288],{"class":75},[56,145370,1448],{"class":937},[56,145372,51],{"class":941},[56,145374,1454],{"class":937},[56,145376,145377,145379,145381,145383,145386],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,145378,663],{"class":284},[56,145380,288],{"class":75},[56,145382,1448],{"class":937},[56,145384,145385],{"class":941},"PYTHON",[56,145387,1454],{"class":937},[56,145389,145390],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,145391,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,145393,145394,145396,145398,145400,145402,145404,145406,145408,145410,145412,145414],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,145395,63],{"class":62},[56,145397,67],{"class":66},[56,145399,372],{"class":237},[56,145401,497],{"class":66},[56,145403,33987],{"class":237},[56,145405,6846],{"class":66},[56,145407,5886],{"class":75},[56,145409,640],{"class":237},[56,145411,497],{"class":66},[56,145413,33987],{"class":237},[56,145415,6674],{"class":66},[14,145417,130],{},[47,145419,145420],{"className":49,"code":3446,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,145421,145422],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145423,145424],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145425,3446],{"class":3316},[42,145427,1601],{"id":1600},[26,145429,145430,145434,145440,145446,145452,145456,145460],{},[29,145431,145432],{},[372,145433,124634],{"href":50495},[29,145435,145436],{},[372,145437,125879,145438,10231],{"href":123606},[18,145439,123609],{},[29,145441,145442],{},[372,145443,125879,145444,10231],{"href":136449},[18,145445,41169],{},[29,145447,145448],{},[372,145449,125879,145450,10231],{"href":129460},[18,145451,124050],{},[29,145453,145454],{},[372,145455,90207],{"href":89216},[29,145457,145458],{},[372,145459,124278],{"href":123134},[29,145461,145462],{},[372,145463,137269],{"href":135850},[1633,145465,145466],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":145468},[145469,145470,145472,145473,145474,145476,145477,145479,145486,145487,145496],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":144392,"depth":86,"text":145471},"What upper() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":10967,"depth":86,"text":10968},{"id":144602,"depth":86,"text":145475},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144738,"depth":86,"text":144739},{"id":144820,"depth":86,"text":145478},"When to use upper()",{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912,"children":145480},[145481,145482,145484],{"id":95412,"depth":102,"text":95413},{"id":145035,"depth":102,"text":145483},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145126,"depth":102,"text":145485},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145199,"depth":86,"text":145200},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":145488},[145489,145491,145493,145494],{"id":145321,"depth":102,"text":145490},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145329,"depth":102,"text":145492},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145339,"depth":102,"text":145340},{"id":145349,"depth":102,"text":145495},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144316,"description":145497},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145504,"title":145505,"body":145506,"description":147383,"extension":1665,"meta":147384,"navigation":316,"path":147385,"seo":147386,"stem":147387,"__hash__":147388},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145507,"toc":147333},[145508,145514,145521,145527,145529,145585,145590,145595,145600,145603,145622,145625,145627,145651,145669,145680,145682,145685,145738,145740,145748,145750,145768,145773,145776,145833,145835,145844,145847,145867,145870,145876,145881,145883,145926,145928,145936,145939,145980,145982,145991,145997,146003,146030,146032,146040,146045,146049,146061,146104,146106,146114,146119,146125,146130,146134,146136,146179,146182,146229,146231,146240,146247,146251,146254,146300,146305,146309,146311,146354,146357,146365,146367,146372,146374,146376,146395,146398,146410,146412,146431,146433,146441,146445,146447,146498,146501,146576,146578,146586,146589,146593,146595,146642,146645,146716,146718,146726,146732,146734,146809,146813,146892,146894,146902,146908,146914,146919,146924,146973,146977,147048,147051,147056,147067,147070,147081,147091,147093,147098,147123,147128,147209,147211,147236,147238,147243,147246,147252,147261,147267,147270,147276,147282,147289,147292,147294,147330],[10,145509,3031,145511,3035],{"id":145510},"python-sum-function-explained",[18,145512,145513],{},"sum()",[14,145515,8610,145516,145518,145519,24268],{},[18,145517,145513],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[18,145520,59521],{},[14,145522,145523,145524,145526],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[18,145525,35584],{}," value and a few important limits.",[42,145528,45],{"id":44},[47,145530,145532],{"className":49,"code":145531,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[18,145533,145534,145558,145573],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145535,145536,145538,145540,145542,145544,145546,145548,145550,145552,145554,145556],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145537,3075],{"class":284},[56,145539,288],{"class":75},[56,145541,3080],{"class":66},[56,145543,1077],{"class":79},[56,145545,1080],{"class":66},[56,145547,1083],{"class":79},[56,145549,1080],{"class":66},[56,145551,529],{"class":79},[56,145553,1080],{"class":66},[56,145555,535],{"class":79},[56,145557,3093],{"class":66},[56,145559,145560,145562,145564,145567,145569,145571],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,145561,40698],{"class":284},[56,145563,288],{"class":75},[56,145565,145566],{"class":62}," sum",[56,145568,67],{"class":66},[56,145570,3107],{"class":237},[56,145572,241],{"class":66},[56,145574,145575,145577,145579,145581,145583],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,145576,63],{"class":62},[56,145578,67],{"class":66},[56,145580,40727],{"class":237},[56,145582,3120],{"class":66},[56,145584,26300],{"class":3123},[14,145586,153,145587,145589],{},[18,145588,145513],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[42,145591,3138,145593,3141],{"id":145592},"what-sum-does",[18,145594,145513],{},[14,145596,145597,145599],{},[18,145598,145513],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[14,145601,145602],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[26,145604,145605,145608,145611,145616],{},[29,145606,145607],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[29,145609,145610],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[29,145612,145613,145614],{},"Adding numbers from ",[18,145615,35710],{},[29,145617,145618,145619,145621],{},"Counting ",[18,145620,3060],{}," values in a list of booleans",[14,145623,145624],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[42,145626,220],{"id":219},[47,145628,145630],{"className":49,"code":145629,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[18,145631,145632],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145633,145634,145637,145639,145641,145643,145645,145647,145649],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145635,145636],{"class":62},"sum",[56,145638,67],{"class":66},[56,145640,3182],{"class":237},[56,145642,1080],{"class":66},[56,145644,35563],{"class":8663},[56,145646,288],{"class":75},[56,145648,181],{"class":79},[56,145650,241],{"class":66},[26,145652,145653,145658,145663],{},[29,145654,145655,145657],{},[18,145656,3182],{}," is the group of values to add",[29,145659,145660,145662],{},[18,145661,35584],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[29,145664,145665,145666],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[18,145667,145668],{},"sum(iterable)",[14,145670,145671,145672,145675,145676,497],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145673,145674,3182],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[372,145677,145678,24121],{"href":35707},[18,145679,35710],{},[42,145681,10968],{"id":10967},[14,145683,145684],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[47,145686,145688],{"className":49,"code":145687,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,145689,145690,145710,145724,145728],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145691,145692,145694,145696,145698,145700,145702,145704,145706,145708],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145693,3075],{"class":284},[56,145695,288],{"class":75},[56,145697,3080],{"class":66},[56,145699,198],{"class":79},[56,145701,1080],{"class":66},[56,145703,5481],{"class":79},[56,145705,1080],{"class":66},[56,145707,37450],{"class":79},[56,145709,3093],{"class":66},[56,145711,145712,145714,145716,145718,145720,145722],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,145713,40698],{"class":284},[56,145715,288],{"class":75},[56,145717,145566],{"class":62},[56,145719,67],{"class":66},[56,145721,3107],{"class":237},[56,145723,241],{"class":66},[56,145725,145726],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,145727,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,145729,145730,145732,145734,145736],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,145731,63],{"class":62},[56,145733,67],{"class":66},[56,145735,40727],{"class":237},[56,145737,241],{"class":66},[14,145739,130],{},[47,145741,145742],{"className":49,"code":69364,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,145743,145744],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145745,145746],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145747,69364],{"class":79},[14,145749,11177],{},[26,145751,145752,145757,145763],{},[29,145753,145754,145756],{},[18,145755,3107],{}," contains three integers",[29,145758,145759,145762],{},[18,145760,145761],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[29,145764,145765,145766],{},"The result is stored in ",[18,145767,40727],{},[42,145769,36125,145771,7918],{"id":145770},"using-the-start-value",[18,145772,35584],{},[14,145774,145775],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[47,145777,145779],{"className":49,"code":145778,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,145780,145781,145801,145819,145823],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145782,145783,145785,145787,145789,145791,145793,145795,145797,145799],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145784,3075],{"class":284},[56,145786,288],{"class":75},[56,145788,3080],{"class":66},[56,145790,1077],{"class":79},[56,145792,1080],{"class":66},[56,145794,1083],{"class":79},[56,145796,1080],{"class":66},[56,145798,529],{"class":79},[56,145800,3093],{"class":66},[56,145802,145803,145805,145807,145809,145811,145813,145815,145817],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,145804,40698],{"class":284},[56,145806,288],{"class":75},[56,145808,145566],{"class":62},[56,145810,67],{"class":66},[56,145812,3107],{"class":237},[56,145814,1080],{"class":66},[56,145816,5481],{"class":79},[56,145818,241],{"class":66},[56,145820,145821],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,145822,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,145824,145825,145827,145829,145831],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,145826,63],{"class":62},[56,145828,67],{"class":66},[56,145830,40727],{"class":237},[56,145832,241],{"class":66},[14,145834,130],{},[47,145836,145838],{"className":49,"code":145837,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"16\n",[18,145839,145840],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145841,145842],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145843,145837],{"class":79},[14,145845,145846],{},"This works like:",[26,145848,145849,145854,145859,145863],{},[29,145850,145851,145852],{},"Start at ",[18,145853,406],{},[29,145855,145856,145857],{},"Add ",[18,145858,1077],{},[29,145860,145856,145861],{},[18,145862,115],{},[29,145864,145856,145865],{},[18,145866,121],{},[14,145868,145869],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[42,145871,3138,145873,145875],{"id":145872},"what-sum-can-work-with",[18,145874,145513],{}," can work with",[14,145877,145878,145880],{},[18,145879,145513],{}," works with numeric values.",[615,145882,39940],{"id":39939},[47,145884,145886],{"className":49,"code":145885,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,145887,145888,145912],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145889,145890,145892,145894,145896,145898,145900,145902,145904,145906,145908,145910],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145891,3286],{"class":284},[56,145893,288],{"class":75},[56,145895,3080],{"class":66},[56,145897,1077],{"class":79},[56,145899,1080],{"class":66},[56,145901,1083],{"class":79},[56,145903,1080],{"class":66},[56,145905,529],{"class":79},[56,145907,1080],{"class":66},[56,145909,535],{"class":79},[56,145911,3093],{"class":66},[56,145913,145914,145916,145918,145920,145922,145924],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,145915,63],{"class":62},[56,145917,67],{"class":66},[56,145919,145636],{"class":62},[56,145921,67],{"class":66},[56,145923,4833],{"class":237},[56,145925,83],{"class":66},[14,145927,130],{},[47,145929,145930],{"className":49,"code":452,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,145931,145932],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145933,145934],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145935,452],{"class":79},[615,145937,145938],{"id":51566},"Floats",[47,145940,145942],{"className":49,"code":145941,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[18,145943,145944,145966],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145945,145946,145948,145950,145952,145954,145956,145959,145961,145964],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145947,82572],{"class":284},[56,145949,288],{"class":75},[56,145951,3080],{"class":66},[56,145953,40674],{"class":79},[56,145955,1080],{"class":66},[56,145957,145958],{"class":79}," 3.75",[56,145960,1080],{"class":66},[56,145962,145963],{"class":79}," 1.25",[56,145965,3093],{"class":66},[56,145967,145968,145970,145972,145974,145976,145978],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,145969,63],{"class":62},[56,145971,67],{"class":66},[56,145973,145636],{"class":62},[56,145975,67],{"class":66},[56,145977,82608],{"class":237},[56,145979,83],{"class":66},[14,145981,130],{},[47,145983,145985],{"className":49,"code":145984,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"7.5\n",[18,145986,145987],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,145988,145989],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,145990,145984],{"class":79},[14,145992,145993,145994,497],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[372,145995,145996],{"href":495},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[615,145998,146000,146001],{"id":145999},"values-from-range","Values from ",[18,146002,35710],{},[47,146004,146006],{"className":49,"code":146005,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[18,146007,146008],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146009,146010,146012,146014,146016,146018,146020,146022,146024,146026,146028],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146011,63],{"class":62},[56,146013,67],{"class":66},[56,146015,145636],{"class":62},[56,146017,67],{"class":66},[56,146019,59521],{"class":62},[56,146021,67],{"class":66},[56,146023,1077],{"class":79},[56,146025,1080],{"class":66},[56,146027,37157],{"class":79},[56,146029,1000],{"class":66},[14,146031,130],{},[47,146033,146034],{"className":49,"code":46559,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,146035,146036],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146037,146038],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146039,46559],{"class":79},[14,146041,113083,146042,497],{},[18,146043,146044],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[615,146046,146048],{"id":146047},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[14,146050,146051,146052,146054,146055,3862,146057,146054,146059,497],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[18,146053,3060],{}," acts like ",[18,146056,1077],{},[18,146058,3134],{},[18,146060,181],{},[47,146062,146064],{"className":49,"code":146063,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[18,146065,146066,146090],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146067,146068,146070,146072,146074,146076,146078,146080,146082,146084,146086,146088],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146069,51486],{"class":284},[56,146071,288],{"class":75},[56,146073,3080],{"class":66},[56,146075,3060],{"class":3316},[56,146077,1080],{"class":66},[56,146079,3373],{"class":3316},[56,146081,1080],{"class":66},[56,146083,3382],{"class":3316},[56,146085,1080],{"class":66},[56,146087,3382],{"class":3316},[56,146089,3093],{"class":66},[56,146091,146092,146094,146096,146098,146100,146102],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,146093,63],{"class":62},[56,146095,67],{"class":66},[56,146097,145636],{"class":62},[56,146099,67],{"class":66},[56,146101,51539],{"class":237},[56,146103,83],{"class":66},[14,146105,130],{},[47,146107,146108],{"className":49,"code":46135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,146109,146110],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146111,146112],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146113,46135],{"class":79},[14,146115,146116,146117,497],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[18,146118,3060],{},[42,146120,3138,146122,146124],{"id":146121},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[18,146123,145513],{}," does not work with",[14,146126,146127,146129],{},[18,146128,145513],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[615,146131,146133],{"id":146132},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[14,146135,919],{},[47,146137,146139],{"className":49,"code":146138,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[18,146140,146141,146165],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146142,146143,146145,146147,146149,146151,146153,146155,146157,146159,146161,146163],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146144,3537],{"class":284},[56,146146,288],{"class":75},[56,146148,3080],{"class":66},[56,146150,938],{"class":937},[56,146152,3309],{"class":941},[56,146154,938],{"class":937},[56,146156,1080],{"class":66},[56,146158,1448],{"class":937},[56,146160,60114],{"class":941},[56,146162,938],{"class":937},[56,146164,3093],{"class":66},[56,146166,146167,146169,146171,146173,146175,146177],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,146168,63],{"class":62},[56,146170,67],{"class":66},[56,146172,145636],{"class":62},[56,146174,67],{"class":66},[56,146176,3581],{"class":237},[56,146178,83],{"class":66},[14,146180,146181],{},"Use string joining instead:",[47,146183,146185],{"className":49,"code":146184,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[18,146186,146187,146211],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146188,146189,146191,146193,146195,146197,146199,146201,146203,146205,146207,146209],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146190,3537],{"class":284},[56,146192,288],{"class":75},[56,146194,3080],{"class":66},[56,146196,938],{"class":937},[56,146198,3309],{"class":941},[56,146200,938],{"class":937},[56,146202,1080],{"class":66},[56,146204,1448],{"class":937},[56,146206,60114],{"class":941},[56,146208,938],{"class":937},[56,146210,3093],{"class":66},[56,146212,146213,146215,146217,146219,146221,146223,146225,146227],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,146214,63],{"class":62},[56,146216,67],{"class":66},[56,146218,5749],{"class":937},[56,146220,497],{"class":66},[56,146222,133038],{"class":237},[56,146224,67],{"class":66},[56,146226,3581],{"class":237},[56,146228,83],{"class":66},[14,146230,130],{},[47,146232,146234],{"className":49,"code":146233,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"helloworld\n",[18,146235,146236],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146237,146238],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146239,146233],{"class":284},[14,146241,146242,146243,497],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[372,146244,146245,5259],{"href":41691},[18,146246,47202],{},[615,146248,146250],{"id":146249},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[14,146252,146253],{},"This also causes an error:",[47,146255,146257],{"className":49,"code":146256,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[18,146258,146259,146286],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146260,146261,146264,146266,146268,146270,146272,146274,146276,146278,146280,146282,146284],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146262,146263],{"class":284},"lists ",[56,146265,288],{"class":75},[56,146267,55815],{"class":66},[56,146269,1077],{"class":79},[56,146271,1080],{"class":66},[56,146273,1083],{"class":79},[56,146275,17563],{"class":66},[56,146277,3080],{"class":66},[56,146279,121],{"class":79},[56,146281,1080],{"class":66},[56,146283,535],{"class":79},[56,146285,52763],{"class":66},[56,146287,146288,146290,146292,146294,146296,146298],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,146289,63],{"class":62},[56,146291,67],{"class":66},[56,146293,145636],{"class":62},[56,146295,67],{"class":66},[56,146297,4774],{"class":237},[56,146299,83],{"class":66},[14,146301,146302,146304],{},[18,146303,145513],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[615,146306,146308],{"id":146307},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[14,146310,4947],{},[47,146312,146314],{"className":49,"code":146313,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146315,146316,146340],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146317,146318,146320,146322,146324,146326,146328,146330,146332,146334,146336,146338],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146319,3286],{"class":284},[56,146321,288],{"class":75},[56,146323,3080],{"class":66},[56,146325,1077],{"class":79},[56,146327,1080],{"class":66},[56,146329,1083],{"class":79},[56,146331,1080],{"class":66},[56,146333,1448],{"class":937},[56,146335,121],{"class":941},[56,146337,938],{"class":937},[56,146339,3093],{"class":66},[56,146341,146342,146344,146346,146348,146350,146352],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,146343,63],{"class":62},[56,146345,67],{"class":66},[56,146347,145636],{"class":62},[56,146349,67],{"class":66},[56,146351,4833],{"class":237},[56,146353,83],{"class":66},[14,146355,146356],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[14,146358,146359,146360,146362,146363,497],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[18,146361,65469],{},", convert them first. See ",[372,146364,1051],{"href":1050},[42,146366,41020],{"id":41019},[14,146368,146369,146370,497],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[18,146371,145513],{},[615,146373,6003],{"id":6002},[14,146375,3995],{},[47,146377,146379],{"className":49,"code":146378,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(sum(5))\n",[18,146380,146381],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146382,146383,146385,146387,146389,146391,146393],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146384,63],{"class":62},[56,146386,67],{"class":66},[56,146388,145636],{"class":62},[56,146390,67],{"class":66},[56,146392,198],{"class":79},[56,146394,83],{"class":66},[14,146396,146397],{},"Why it fails:",[26,146399,146400,146405],{},[29,146401,146402,146404],{},[18,146403,198],{}," is a single integer",[29,146406,146407,146409],{},[18,146408,145513],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[14,146411,6033],{},[47,146413,146415],{"className":49,"code":146414,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(sum([5]))\n",[18,146416,146417],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146418,146419,146421,146423,146425,146427,146429],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146420,63],{"class":62},[56,146422,67],{"class":66},[56,146424,145636],{"class":62},[56,146426,1074],{"class":66},[56,146428,198],{"class":79},[56,146430,1090],{"class":66},[14,146432,130],{},[47,146434,146435],{"className":49,"code":1035,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,146436,146437],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146438,146439],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146440,1035],{"class":79},[615,146442,146444],{"id":146443},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[14,146446,3995],{},[47,146448,146450],{"className":49,"code":146449,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146451,146452,146484],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146453,146454,146456,146458,146460,146462,146464,146466,146468,146470,146472,146474,146476,146478,146480,146482],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146455,3286],{"class":284},[56,146457,288],{"class":75},[56,146459,3080],{"class":66},[56,146461,938],{"class":937},[56,146463,1077],{"class":941},[56,146465,938],{"class":937},[56,146467,1080],{"class":66},[56,146469,1448],{"class":937},[56,146471,115],{"class":941},[56,146473,938],{"class":937},[56,146475,1080],{"class":66},[56,146477,1448],{"class":937},[56,146479,121],{"class":941},[56,146481,938],{"class":937},[56,146483,3093],{"class":66},[56,146485,146486,146488,146490,146492,146494,146496],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,146487,63],{"class":62},[56,146489,67],{"class":66},[56,146491,145636],{"class":62},[56,146493,67],{"class":66},[56,146495,4833],{"class":237},[56,146497,83],{"class":66},[14,146499,146500],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[47,146502,146504],{"className":49,"code":146503,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[18,146505,146506,146538,146566],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146507,146508,146510,146512,146514,146516,146518,146520,146522,146524,146526,146528,146530,146532,146534,146536],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146509,3286],{"class":284},[56,146511,288],{"class":75},[56,146513,3080],{"class":66},[56,146515,938],{"class":937},[56,146517,1077],{"class":941},[56,146519,938],{"class":937},[56,146521,1080],{"class":66},[56,146523,1448],{"class":937},[56,146525,115],{"class":941},[56,146527,938],{"class":937},[56,146529,1080],{"class":66},[56,146531,1448],{"class":937},[56,146533,121],{"class":941},[56,146535,938],{"class":937},[56,146537,3093],{"class":66},[56,146539,146540,146542,146544,146546,146548,146550,146552,146554,146556,146558,146560,146562,146564],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,146541,40698],{"class":284},[56,146543,288],{"class":75},[56,146545,145566],{"class":62},[56,146547,67],{"class":66},[56,146549,254],{"class":989},[56,146551,67],{"class":66},[56,146553,238],{"class":237},[56,146555,3120],{"class":66},[56,146557,3342],{"class":3341},[56,146559,3345],{"class":237},[56,146561,3348],{"class":3341},[56,146563,3351],{"class":237},[56,146565,241],{"class":66},[56,146567,146568,146570,146572,146574],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,146569,63],{"class":62},[56,146571,67],{"class":66},[56,146573,40727],{"class":237},[56,146575,241],{"class":66},[14,146577,130],{},[47,146579,146580],{"className":49,"code":736,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,146581,146582],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146583,146584],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146585,736],{"class":79},[14,146587,146588],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[615,146590,146592],{"id":146591},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[14,146594,3995],{},[47,146596,146598],{"className":49,"code":146597,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[18,146599,146600,146628],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146601,146602,146604,146606,146608,146610,146612,146614,146616,146618,146620,146622,146624,146626],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146603,3286],{"class":284},[56,146605,288],{"class":75},[56,146607,3080],{"class":66},[56,146609,1077],{"class":79},[56,146611,1080],{"class":66},[56,146613,1083],{"class":79},[56,146615,1080],{"class":66},[56,146617,1448],{"class":937},[56,146619,121],{"class":941},[56,146621,938],{"class":937},[56,146623,1080],{"class":66},[56,146625,535],{"class":79},[56,146627,3093],{"class":66},[56,146629,146630,146632,146634,146636,146638,146640],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,146631,63],{"class":62},[56,146633,67],{"class":66},[56,146635,145636],{"class":62},[56,146637,67],{"class":66},[56,146639,4833],{"class":237},[56,146641,83],{"class":66},[14,146643,146644],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[47,146646,146648],{"className":49,"code":146647,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[18,146649,146650,146678,146706],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146651,146652,146654,146656,146658,146660,146662,146664,146666,146668,146670,146672,146674,146676],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146653,3286],{"class":284},[56,146655,288],{"class":75},[56,146657,3080],{"class":66},[56,146659,1077],{"class":79},[56,146661,1080],{"class":66},[56,146663,1083],{"class":79},[56,146665,1080],{"class":66},[56,146667,1448],{"class":937},[56,146669,121],{"class":941},[56,146671,938],{"class":937},[56,146673,1080],{"class":66},[56,146675,535],{"class":79},[56,146677,3093],{"class":66},[56,146679,146680,146682,146684,146686,146688,146690,146692,146694,146696,146698,146700,146702,146704],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,146681,40698],{"class":284},[56,146683,288],{"class":75},[56,146685,145566],{"class":62},[56,146687,67],{"class":66},[56,146689,254],{"class":989},[56,146691,67],{"class":66},[56,146693,238],{"class":237},[56,146695,3120],{"class":66},[56,146697,3342],{"class":3341},[56,146699,3345],{"class":237},[56,146701,3348],{"class":3341},[56,146703,3351],{"class":237},[56,146705,241],{"class":66},[56,146707,146708,146710,146712,146714],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,146709,63],{"class":62},[56,146711,67],{"class":66},[56,146713,40727],{"class":237},[56,146715,241],{"class":66},[14,146717,130],{},[47,146719,146720],{"className":49,"code":452,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,146721,146722],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146723,146724],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146725,452],{"class":79},[615,146727,7902,146729,146731],{"id":146728},"using-sum-to-join-text",[18,146730,145513],{}," to join text",[14,146733,3995],{},[47,146735,146737],{"className":49,"code":146736,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[18,146738,146739,146795],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146740,146741,146743,146745,146747,146749,146751,146753,146755,146757,146759,146761,146763,146765,146767,146769,146771,146773,146775,146777,146779,146781,146783,146785,146787,146789,146791,146793],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146742,35602],{"class":284},[56,146744,288],{"class":75},[56,146746,3080],{"class":66},[56,146748,938],{"class":937},[56,146750,133637],{"class":941},[56,146752,938],{"class":937},[56,146754,1080],{"class":66},[56,146756,1448],{"class":937},[56,146758,11239],{"class":941},[56,146760,938],{"class":937},[56,146762,1080],{"class":66},[56,146764,1448],{"class":937},[56,146766,62810],{"class":941},[56,146768,938],{"class":937},[56,146770,1080],{"class":66},[56,146772,1448],{"class":937},[56,146774,59961],{"class":941},[56,146776,938],{"class":937},[56,146778,1080],{"class":66},[56,146780,1448],{"class":937},[56,146782,59996],{"class":941},[56,146784,938],{"class":937},[56,146786,1080],{"class":66},[56,146788,1448],{"class":937},[56,146790,75554],{"class":941},[56,146792,938],{"class":937},[56,146794,3093],{"class":66},[56,146796,146797,146799,146801,146803,146805,146807],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,146798,63],{"class":62},[56,146800,67],{"class":66},[56,146802,145636],{"class":62},[56,146804,67],{"class":66},[56,146806,35655],{"class":237},[56,146808,83],{"class":66},[14,146810,153,146811,60055],{},[18,146812,132961],{},[47,146814,146816],{"className":49,"code":146815,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[18,146817,146818,146874],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146819,146820,146822,146824,146826,146828,146830,146832,146834,146836,146838,146840,146842,146844,146846,146848,146850,146852,146854,146856,146858,146860,146862,146864,146866,146868,146870,146872],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146821,35602],{"class":284},[56,146823,288],{"class":75},[56,146825,3080],{"class":66},[56,146827,938],{"class":937},[56,146829,133637],{"class":941},[56,146831,938],{"class":937},[56,146833,1080],{"class":66},[56,146835,1448],{"class":937},[56,146837,11239],{"class":941},[56,146839,938],{"class":937},[56,146841,1080],{"class":66},[56,146843,1448],{"class":937},[56,146845,62810],{"class":941},[56,146847,938],{"class":937},[56,146849,1080],{"class":66},[56,146851,1448],{"class":937},[56,146853,59961],{"class":941},[56,146855,938],{"class":937},[56,146857,1080],{"class":66},[56,146859,1448],{"class":937},[56,146861,59996],{"class":941},[56,146863,938],{"class":937},[56,146865,1080],{"class":66},[56,146867,1448],{"class":937},[56,146869,75554],{"class":941},[56,146871,938],{"class":937},[56,146873,3093],{"class":66},[56,146875,146876,146878,146880,146882,146884,146886,146888,146890],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,146877,63],{"class":62},[56,146879,67],{"class":66},[56,146881,5749],{"class":937},[56,146883,497],{"class":66},[56,146885,133038],{"class":237},[56,146887,67],{"class":66},[56,146889,35655],{"class":237},[56,146891,83],{"class":66},[14,146893,130],{},[47,146895,146896],{"className":49,"code":133718,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,146897,146898],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146899,146900],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146901,133718],{"class":284},[14,146903,146904,146905,497],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[372,146906,146907],{"href":134799},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[42,146909,146911,146913],{"id":146910},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[18,146912,145513],{}," vs manual loop",[14,146915,146916,146918],{},[18,146917,145513],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[615,146920,7902,146922],{"id":146921},"using-sum",[18,146923,145513],{},[47,146925,146927],{"className":49,"code":146926,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[18,146928,146929,146949,146963],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146930,146931,146933,146935,146937,146939,146941,146943,146945,146947],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146932,3075],{"class":284},[56,146934,288],{"class":75},[56,146936,3080],{"class":66},[56,146938,584],{"class":79},[56,146940,1080],{"class":66},[56,146942,5470],{"class":79},[56,146944,1080],{"class":66},[56,146946,53657],{"class":79},[56,146948,3093],{"class":66},[56,146950,146951,146953,146955,146957,146959,146961],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,146952,40698],{"class":284},[56,146954,288],{"class":75},[56,146956,145566],{"class":62},[56,146958,67],{"class":66},[56,146960,3107],{"class":237},[56,146962,241],{"class":66},[56,146964,146965,146967,146969,146971],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,146966,63],{"class":62},[56,146968,67],{"class":66},[56,146970,40727],{"class":237},[56,146972,241],{"class":66},[615,146974,146976],{"id":146975},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[47,146978,146980],{"className":49,"code":146979,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[18,146981,146982,147002,147010,147014,147026,147034,147038],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,146983,146984,146986,146988,146990,146992,146994,146996,146998,147000],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,146985,3075],{"class":284},[56,146987,288],{"class":75},[56,146989,3080],{"class":66},[56,146991,584],{"class":79},[56,146993,1080],{"class":66},[56,146995,5470],{"class":79},[56,146997,1080],{"class":66},[56,146999,53657],{"class":79},[56,147001,3093],{"class":66},[56,147003,147004,147006,147008],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,147005,40698],{"class":284},[56,147007,288],{"class":75},[56,147009,38027],{"class":79},[56,147011,147012],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,147013,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,147015,147016,147018,147020,147022,147024],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,147017,5434],{"class":3341},[56,147019,5864],{"class":284},[56,147021,3348],{"class":3341},[56,147023,3731],{"class":284},[56,147025,5871],{"class":66},[56,147027,147028,147030,147032],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,147029,89631],{"class":284},[56,147031,89634],{"class":75},[56,147033,89637],{"class":284},[56,147035,147036],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,147037,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,147039,147040,147042,147044,147046],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,147041,63],{"class":62},[56,147043,67],{"class":66},[56,147045,40727],{"class":237},[56,147047,241],{"class":66},[14,147049,147050],{},"Both produce the same result.",[14,147052,567,147053,147055],{},[18,147054,145513],{}," is often better:",[26,147057,147058,147061,147064],{},[29,147059,147060],{},"Shorter code",[29,147062,147063],{},"Easier to read",[29,147065,147066],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[14,147068,147069],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[26,147071,147072,147075,147078],{},[29,147073,147074],{},"You need to skip some values",[29,147076,147077],{},"You need extra checks",[29,147079,147080],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[14,147082,147083,147084,147087,147088,147090],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[372,147085,147086],{"href":39523},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[18,147089,145513],{}," on the filtered result.",[42,147092,912],{"id":911},[14,147094,147095,147096,971],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[18,147097,145513],{},[26,147099,147100,147106,147113,147120],{},[29,147101,147102,147103],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[18,147104,147105],{},"sum(5)",[29,147107,147108,147109,147112],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[18,147110,147111],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[29,147114,7902,147115,147117,147118],{},[18,147116,145513],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[18,147119,132961],{},[29,147121,147122],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[14,147124,8362,147125,147127],{},[18,147126,145513],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[47,147129,147131],{"className":49,"code":147130,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[18,147132,147133,147143,147157,147181],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147134,147135,147137,147139,147141],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147136,63],{"class":62},[56,147138,67],{"class":66},[56,147140,4833],{"class":237},[56,147142,241],{"class":66},[56,147144,147145,147147,147149,147151,147153,147155],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,147146,63],{"class":62},[56,147148,67],{"class":66},[56,147150,1314],{"class":989},[56,147152,67],{"class":66},[56,147154,4833],{"class":237},[56,147156,83],{"class":66},[56,147158,147159,147161,147163,147165,147167,147169,147171,147173,147175,147177,147179],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,147160,63],{"class":62},[56,147162,1074],{"class":66},[56,147164,1314],{"class":989},[56,147166,67],{"class":66},[56,147168,238],{"class":237},[56,147170,3120],{"class":66},[56,147172,3342],{"class":3341},[56,147174,3345],{"class":237},[56,147176,3348],{"class":3341},[56,147178,3351],{"class":237},[56,147180,3354],{"class":66},[56,147182,147183,147185,147187,147189,147191,147193,147195,147197,147199,147201,147203,147205,147207],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,147184,63],{"class":62},[56,147186,67],{"class":66},[56,147188,145636],{"class":62},[56,147190,1074],{"class":66},[56,147192,254],{"class":989},[56,147194,67],{"class":66},[56,147196,238],{"class":237},[56,147198,3120],{"class":66},[56,147200,3342],{"class":3341},[56,147202,3345],{"class":237},[56,147204,3348],{"class":3341},[56,147206,3351],{"class":237},[56,147208,1090],{"class":66},[14,147210,135532],{},[26,147212,147213,147219,147225,147230],{},[29,147214,147215,147218],{},[18,147216,147217],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[29,147220,147221,147224],{},[18,147222,147223],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[29,147226,147227,135554],{},[18,147228,147229],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[29,147231,147232,147235],{},[18,147233,147234],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[42,147237,1553],{"id":1552},[615,147239,4615,147241,4618],{"id":147240},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[18,147242,145513],{},[14,147244,147245],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[615,147247,4643,147249,147251],{"id":147248},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[18,147250,145513],{}," add strings in Python?",[14,147253,29777,147254,964,147257,147260],{},[18,147255,147256],{},"''.join(...)",[18,147258,147259],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[615,147262,4643,147264,147266],{"id":147263},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[18,147265,145513],{}," work with floats?",[14,147268,147269],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[615,147271,147273,147274,571],{"id":147272},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[18,147275,145513],{},[14,147277,147278,147279,147281],{},"It is the optional ",[18,147280,35584],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[615,147283,4631,147285,118917,147287,571],{"id":147284},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[18,147286,145513],{},[18,147288,1096],{},[14,147290,147291],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[42,147293,1601],{"id":1600},[26,147295,147296,147300,147306,147312,147318,147322,147326],{},[29,147297,147298],{},[372,147299,145996],{"href":495},[29,147301,147302],{},[372,147303,3031,147304,1610],{"href":35707},[18,147305,35710],{},[29,147307,147308],{},[372,147309,3031,147310,1610],{"href":41874},[18,147311,41877],{},[29,147313,147314],{},[372,147315,3031,147316,1610],{"href":41691},[18,147317,47202],{},[29,147319,147320],{},[372,147321,4695],{"href":39523},[29,147323,147324],{},[372,147325,1627],{"href":1050},[29,147327,147328],{},[372,147329,146907],{"href":134799},[1633,147331,147332],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":147334},[147335,147336,147338,147339,147340,147342,147350,147356,147363,147369,147370,147382],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":145592,"depth":86,"text":147337},"What sum() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":10967,"depth":86,"text":10968},{"id":145770,"depth":86,"text":147341},"Using the start value",{"id":145872,"depth":86,"text":147343,"children":147344},"What sum() can work with",[147345,147346,147347,147349],{"id":39939,"depth":102,"text":39940},{"id":51566,"depth":102,"text":145938},{"id":145999,"depth":102,"text":147348},"Values from range()",{"id":146047,"depth":102,"text":146048},{"id":146121,"depth":86,"text":147351,"children":147352},"What sum() does not work with",[147353,147354,147355],{"id":146132,"depth":102,"text":146133},{"id":146249,"depth":102,"text":146250},{"id":146307,"depth":102,"text":146308},{"id":41019,"depth":86,"text":41020,"children":147357},[147358,147359,147360,147361],{"id":6002,"depth":102,"text":6003},{"id":146443,"depth":102,"text":146444},{"id":146591,"depth":102,"text":146592},{"id":146728,"depth":102,"text":147362},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":146910,"depth":86,"text":147364,"children":147365},"sum() vs manual loop",[147366,147368],{"id":146921,"depth":102,"text":147367},"Using sum()",{"id":146975,"depth":102,"text":146976},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":147371},[147372,147374,147376,147378,147380],{"id":147240,"depth":102,"text":147373},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147248,"depth":102,"text":147375},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147263,"depth":102,"text":147377},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147272,"depth":102,"text":147379},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147284,"depth":102,"text":147381},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145505,"description":147383},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147390,"title":147391,"body":147392,"description":148794,"extension":1665,"meta":148795,"navigation":316,"path":148796,"seo":148797,"stem":148798,"__hash__":148799},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147393,"toc":148762},[147394,147400,147406,147409,147472,147478,147483,147487,147504,147518,147522,147542,147556,147558,147651,147653,147667,147669,147672,147761,147763,147771,147780,147782,147786,147807,147809,147901,147903,147924,147926,147930,147944,147946,148020,148022,148041,148045,148048,148071,148073,148184,148191,148199,148201,148207,148210,148253,148256,148279,148287,148291,148366,148372,148397,148404,148407,148410,148414,148419,148507,148515,148519,148522,148547,148551,148612,148616,148665,148675,148677,148682,148685,148691,148694,148698,148702,148708,148711,148719,148727,148729,148759],[10,147395,147397,147398,10814],{"id":147396},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[18,147399,56812],{},[14,147401,147402,147405],{},[18,147403,147404],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[14,147407,147408],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[47,147410,147412],{"className":49,"code":147411,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[18,147413,147414,147442,147460],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147415,147416,147418,147420,147422,147424,147426,147428,147430,147432,147434,147436,147438,147440],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147417,3075],{"class":284},[56,147419,288],{"class":75},[56,147421,8724],{"class":66},[56,147423,1077],{"class":79},[56,147425,1080],{"class":66},[56,147427,1083],{"class":79},[56,147429,1080],{"class":66},[56,147431,1083],{"class":79},[56,147433,1080],{"class":66},[56,147435,529],{"class":79},[56,147437,1080],{"class":66},[56,147439,1083],{"class":79},[56,147441,241],{"class":66},[56,147443,147444,147446,147448,147450,147452,147454,147456,147458],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,147445,299],{"class":284},[56,147447,288],{"class":75},[56,147449,3731],{"class":284},[56,147451,497],{"class":66},[56,147453,40775],{"class":237},[56,147455,67],{"class":66},[56,147457,115],{"class":79},[56,147459,241],{"class":66},[56,147461,147462,147464,147466,147468,147470],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,147463,63],{"class":62},[56,147465,67],{"class":66},[56,147467,338],{"class":237},[56,147469,3120],{"class":66},[56,147471,50290],{"class":3123},[14,147473,153,147474,147477],{},[18,147475,147476],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[42,147479,3138,147481,3141],{"id":147480},"what-tuplecount-does",[18,147482,147404],{},[14,147484,147485,971],{},[18,147486,147476],{},[26,147488,147489,147495,147498,147501],{},[29,147490,147491,147492,147494],{},"Returns the number of times ",[18,147493,551],{}," appears in the tuple",[29,147496,147497],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[29,147499,147500],{},"Returns an integer",[29,147502,147503],{},"Does not change the tuple",[14,147505,147506,147507,147509,147510,964,147514,497],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[18,147508,56812],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[372,147511,147513],{"href":147512},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[372,147515,147517],{"href":147516},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[42,147519,147521],{"id":147520},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[47,147523,147525],{"className":49,"code":147524,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[18,147526,147527],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147528,147529,147532,147534,147536,147538,147540],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147530,147531],{"class":284},"my_tuple",[56,147533,497],{"class":66},[56,147535,40775],{"class":237},[56,147537,67],{"class":66},[56,147539,551],{"class":237},[56,147541,241],{"class":66},[26,147543,147544,147548,147551],{},[29,147545,147546,56977],{},[18,147547,551],{},[29,147549,147550],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[29,147552,147553,147554],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[18,147555,181],{},[615,147557,102632],{"id":102631},[47,147559,147561],{"className":49,"code":147560,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[18,147562,147563,147603,147627],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147564,147565,147567,147569,147571,147573,147575,147577,147579,147581,147583,147585,147587,147589,147591,147593,147595,147597,147599,147601],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147566,12572],{"class":284},[56,147568,288],{"class":75},[56,147570,8724],{"class":66},[56,147572,938],{"class":937},[56,147574,12589],{"class":941},[56,147576,938],{"class":937},[56,147578,1080],{"class":66},[56,147580,1448],{"class":937},[56,147582,12606],{"class":941},[56,147584,938],{"class":937},[56,147586,1080],{"class":66},[56,147588,1448],{"class":937},[56,147590,12589],{"class":941},[56,147592,938],{"class":937},[56,147594,1080],{"class":66},[56,147596,1448],{"class":937},[56,147598,16956],{"class":941},[56,147600,938],{"class":937},[56,147602,241],{"class":66},[56,147604,147605,147607,147609,147611,147613,147615,147617,147619,147621,147623,147625],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,147606,63],{"class":62},[56,147608,67],{"class":66},[56,147610,17003],{"class":237},[56,147612,497],{"class":66},[56,147614,40775],{"class":237},[56,147616,67],{"class":66},[56,147618,938],{"class":937},[56,147620,12589],{"class":941},[56,147622,938],{"class":937},[56,147624,4836],{"class":66},[56,147626,57167],{"class":3123},[56,147628,147629,147631,147633,147635,147637,147639,147641,147643,147645,147647,147649],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,147630,63],{"class":62},[56,147632,67],{"class":66},[56,147634,17003],{"class":237},[56,147636,497],{"class":66},[56,147638,40775],{"class":237},[56,147640,67],{"class":66},[56,147642,938],{"class":937},[56,147644,22027],{"class":941},[56,147646,938],{"class":937},[56,147648,4836],{"class":66},[56,147650,50767],{"class":3123},[14,147652,19459],{},[26,147654,147655,147660],{},[29,147656,147657,147659],{},[18,147658,64916],{}," appears 2 times",[29,147661,147662,147664,147665],{},[18,147663,109328],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[18,147666,181],{},[42,147668,10968],{"id":10967},[14,147670,147671],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[47,147673,147675],{"className":49,"code":147674,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,147676,147677,147725,147729,147751],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147678,147679,147681,147683,147685,147687,147689,147691,147693,147695,147697,147699,147701,147703,147705,147707,147709,147711,147713,147715,147717,147719,147721,147723],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147680,35751],{"class":284},[56,147682,288],{"class":75},[56,147684,8724],{"class":66},[56,147686,938],{"class":937},[56,147688,3546],{"class":941},[56,147690,938],{"class":937},[56,147692,1080],{"class":66},[56,147694,1448],{"class":937},[56,147696,3555],{"class":941},[56,147698,938],{"class":937},[56,147700,1080],{"class":66},[56,147702,1448],{"class":937},[56,147704,3546],{"class":941},[56,147706,938],{"class":937},[56,147708,1080],{"class":66},[56,147710,1448],{"class":937},[56,147712,32729],{"class":941},[56,147714,938],{"class":937},[56,147716,1080],{"class":66},[56,147718,1448],{"class":937},[56,147720,3546],{"class":941},[56,147722,938],{"class":937},[56,147724,241],{"class":66},[56,147726,147727],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,147728,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,147730,147731,147733,147735,147737,147739,147741,147743,147745,147747,147749],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,147732,299],{"class":284},[56,147734,288],{"class":75},[56,147736,52372],{"class":284},[56,147738,497],{"class":66},[56,147740,40775],{"class":237},[56,147742,67],{"class":66},[56,147744,938],{"class":937},[56,147746,3546],{"class":941},[56,147748,938],{"class":937},[56,147750,241],{"class":66},[56,147752,147753,147755,147757,147759],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,147754,63],{"class":62},[56,147756,67],{"class":66},[56,147758,338],{"class":237},[56,147760,241],{"class":66},[14,147762,130],{},[47,147764,147765],{"className":49,"code":46135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,147766,147767],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147768,147769],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147770,46135],{"class":79},[14,147772,147773,147775,147776,473,147778,497],{},[18,147774,57355],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[18,147777,56812],{},[18,147779,121],{},[42,147781,37534],{"id":37533},[14,147783,57066,147784,128267],{},[18,147785,56812],{},[26,147787,147788,147793,147798,147801],{},[29,147789,10916,147790,147792],{},[18,147791,181],{}," when the value does not exist",[29,147794,10916,147795,147797],{},[18,147796,1077],{}," when the value appears once",[29,147799,147800],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[29,147802,147803,147804,147806],{},"The result can be used in ",[18,147805,6477],{}," statements and other conditions",[14,147808,274],{},[47,147810,147812],{"className":49,"code":147811,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[18,147813,147814,147855,147859,147886],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147815,147816,147819,147821,147823,147825,147827,147829,147831,147833,147835,147837,147839,147841,147843,147845,147847,147849,147851,147853],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147817,147818],{"class":284},"answers ",[56,147820,288],{"class":75},[56,147822,8724],{"class":66},[56,147824,938],{"class":937},[56,147826,8144],{"class":941},[56,147828,938],{"class":937},[56,147830,1080],{"class":66},[56,147832,1448],{"class":937},[56,147834,8083],{"class":941},[56,147836,938],{"class":937},[56,147838,1080],{"class":66},[56,147840,1448],{"class":937},[56,147842,8144],{"class":941},[56,147844,938],{"class":937},[56,147846,1080],{"class":66},[56,147848,1448],{"class":937},[56,147850,8144],{"class":941},[56,147852,938],{"class":937},[56,147854,241],{"class":66},[56,147856,147857],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,147858,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,147860,147861,147863,147866,147868,147870,147872,147874,147876,147878,147880,147882,147884],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,147862,6477],{"class":3341},[56,147864,147865],{"class":284}," answers",[56,147867,497],{"class":66},[56,147869,40775],{"class":237},[56,147871,67],{"class":66},[56,147873,938],{"class":937},[56,147875,8144],{"class":941},[56,147877,938],{"class":937},[56,147879,3120],{"class":66},[56,147881,37910],{"class":75},[56,147883,4973],{"class":79},[56,147885,5871],{"class":66},[56,147887,147888,147890,147892,147894,147897,147899],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,147889,7552],{"class":62},[56,147891,67],{"class":66},[56,147893,938],{"class":937},[56,147895,147896],{"class":941},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[56,147898,938],{"class":937},[56,147900,241],{"class":66},[14,147902,130],{},[47,147904,147906],{"className":49,"code":147905,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[18,147907,147908],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147909,147910,147913,147915,147917,147919,147922],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147911,147912],{"class":284},"The answer ",[56,147914,1394],{"class":937},[56,147916,8144],{"class":941},[56,147918,1394],{"class":937},[56,147920,147921],{"class":284}," appears more than once",[56,147923,121911],{"class":66},[42,147925,40561],{"id":40560},[14,147927,34916,147928,104095],{},[18,147929,147404],{},[26,147931,147932,147935,147938,147941],{},[29,147933,147934],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[29,147936,147937],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[29,147939,147940],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[29,147942,147943],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[14,147945,274],{},[47,147947,147949],{"className":49,"code":147948,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[18,147950,147951,147979,147983,148005],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,147952,147953,147955,147957,147959,147961,147963,147965,147967,147969,147971,147973,147975,147977],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,147954,4536],{"class":284},[56,147956,288],{"class":75},[56,147958,8724],{"class":66},[56,147960,406],{"class":79},[56,147962,1080],{"class":66},[56,147964,7272],{"class":79},[56,147966,1080],{"class":66},[56,147968,5481],{"class":79},[56,147970,1080],{"class":66},[56,147972,7277],{"class":79},[56,147974,1080],{"class":66},[56,147976,5481],{"class":79},[56,147978,241],{"class":66},[56,147980,147981],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,147982,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,147984,147985,147987,147989,147991,147993,147995,147997,147999,148001,148003],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,147986,6477],{"class":3341},[56,147988,4583],{"class":284},[56,147990,497],{"class":66},[56,147992,40775],{"class":237},[56,147994,67],{"class":66},[56,147996,406],{"class":79},[56,147998,3120],{"class":66},[56,148000,50808],{"class":75},[56,148002,1083],{"class":79},[56,148004,5871],{"class":66},[56,148006,148007,148009,148011,148013,148016,148018],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,148008,7552],{"class":62},[56,148010,67],{"class":66},[56,148012,938],{"class":937},[56,148014,148015],{"class":941},"The score 10 is repeated.",[56,148017,938],{"class":937},[56,148019,241],{"class":66},[14,148021,130],{},[47,148023,148025],{"className":49,"code":148024,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[18,148026,148027],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148028,148029,148032,148034,148036,148039],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148030,148031],{"class":284},"The score ",[56,148033,406],{"class":79},[56,148035,7580],{"class":75},[56,148037,148038],{"class":284}," repeated",[56,148040,121911],{"class":66},[42,148042,148044],{"id":148043},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[14,148046,148047],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[26,148049,148050,148056,148061,148064],{},[29,148051,148052,148053,148055],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[18,148054,56812],{}," still works because it only reads data",[29,148057,148058,148060],{},[18,148059,56812],{}," counts exact matches",[29,148062,148063],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[29,148065,148066,3862,148068,148070],{},[18,148067,1077],{},[18,148069,41674],{}," compare as equal in Python",[14,148072,274],{},[47,148074,148076],{"className":49,"code":148075,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[18,148077,148078,148112,148116,148136,148160],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148079,148080,148082,148084,148086,148088,148090,148093,148095,148097,148100,148102,148104,148106,148108,148110],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148081,3286],{"class":284},[56,148083,288],{"class":75},[56,148085,8724],{"class":66},[56,148087,1077],{"class":79},[56,148089,1080],{"class":66},[56,148091,148092],{"class":79}," 1.0",[56,148094,1080],{"class":66},[56,148096,1448],{"class":937},[56,148098,148099],{"class":941},"Cat",[56,148101,938],{"class":937},[56,148103,1080],{"class":66},[56,148105,1448],{"class":937},[56,148107,36560],{"class":941},[56,148109,938],{"class":937},[56,148111,241],{"class":66},[56,148113,148114],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,148115,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,148117,148118,148120,148122,148124,148126,148128,148130,148132,148134],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,148119,63],{"class":62},[56,148121,67],{"class":66},[56,148123,4833],{"class":237},[56,148125,497],{"class":66},[56,148127,40775],{"class":237},[56,148129,67],{"class":66},[56,148131,1077],{"class":79},[56,148133,4836],{"class":66},[56,148135,50614],{"class":3123},[56,148137,148138,148140,148142,148144,148146,148148,148150,148152,148154,148156,148158],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,148139,63],{"class":62},[56,148141,67],{"class":66},[56,148143,4833],{"class":237},[56,148145,497],{"class":66},[56,148147,40775],{"class":237},[56,148149,67],{"class":66},[56,148151,938],{"class":937},[56,148153,148099],{"class":941},[56,148155,938],{"class":937},[56,148157,4836],{"class":66},[56,148159,27285],{"class":3123},[56,148161,148162,148164,148166,148168,148170,148172,148174,148176,148178,148180,148182],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,148163,63],{"class":62},[56,148165,67],{"class":66},[56,148167,4833],{"class":237},[56,148169,497],{"class":66},[56,148171,40775],{"class":237},[56,148173,67],{"class":66},[56,148175,938],{"class":937},[56,148177,36560],{"class":941},[56,148179,938],{"class":937},[56,148181,4836],{"class":66},[56,148183,27285],{"class":3123},[14,148185,4631,148186,4634,148189,571],{},[18,148187,148188],{},"values.count(1)",[18,148190,115],{},[14,148192,8272,148193,4255,148196,148198],{},[18,148194,148195],{},"1 == 1.0",[18,148197,3060],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[42,148200,912],{"id":911},[615,148202,7902,148204,148206],{"id":148203},"using-count-without-parentheses",[18,148205,40775],{}," without parentheses",[14,148208,148209],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[47,148211,148213],{"className":49,"code":148212,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[18,148214,148215,148239],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148216,148217,148219,148221,148223,148225,148227,148229,148231,148233,148235,148237],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148218,3075],{"class":284},[56,148220,288],{"class":75},[56,148222,8724],{"class":66},[56,148224,1077],{"class":79},[56,148226,1080],{"class":66},[56,148228,1083],{"class":79},[56,148230,1080],{"class":66},[56,148232,1083],{"class":79},[56,148234,1080],{"class":66},[56,148236,529],{"class":79},[56,148238,241],{"class":66},[56,148240,148241,148243,148245,148247,148249,148251],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,148242,63],{"class":62},[56,148244,67],{"class":66},[56,148246,3107],{"class":237},[56,148248,497],{"class":66},[56,148250,40775],{"class":24254},[56,148252,241],{"class":66},[14,148254,148255],{},"To call the method correctly:",[47,148257,148259],{"className":49,"code":148258,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[18,148260,148261],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148262,148263,148265,148267,148269,148271,148273,148275,148277],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148264,63],{"class":62},[56,148266,67],{"class":66},[56,148268,3107],{"class":237},[56,148270,497],{"class":66},[56,148272,40775],{"class":237},[56,148274,67],{"class":66},[56,148276,115],{"class":79},[56,148278,83],{"class":66},[615,148280,7938,148281,7941,148283,964,148285],{"id":58115},[18,148282,56812],{},[18,148284,3060],{},[18,148286,3134],{},[14,148288,148289,58126],{},[18,148290,56812],{},[47,148292,148294],{"className":49,"code":148293,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[18,148295,148296,148328,148350,148354],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148297,148298,148300,148302,148304,148306,148308,148310,148312,148314,148316,148318,148320,148322,148324,148326],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148299,35602],{"class":284},[56,148301,288],{"class":75},[56,148303,8724],{"class":66},[56,148305,938],{"class":937},[56,148307,372],{"class":941},[56,148309,938],{"class":937},[56,148311,1080],{"class":66},[56,148313,1448],{"class":937},[56,148315,4232],{"class":941},[56,148317,938],{"class":937},[56,148319,1080],{"class":66},[56,148321,1448],{"class":937},[56,148323,372],{"class":941},[56,148325,938],{"class":937},[56,148327,241],{"class":66},[56,148329,148330,148332,148334,148336,148338,148340,148342,148344,148346,148348],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,148331,299],{"class":284},[56,148333,288],{"class":75},[56,148335,69620],{"class":284},[56,148337,497],{"class":66},[56,148339,40775],{"class":237},[56,148341,67],{"class":66},[56,148343,938],{"class":937},[56,148345,372],{"class":941},[56,148347,938],{"class":937},[56,148349,241],{"class":66},[56,148351,148352],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,148353,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,148355,148356,148358,148360,148362,148364],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,148357,63],{"class":62},[56,148359,67],{"class":66},[56,148361,338],{"class":237},[56,148363,3120],{"class":66},[56,148365,50935],{"class":3123},[14,148367,148368,148369,148371],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[18,148370,3348],{}," is often simpler:",[47,148373,148375],{"className":49,"code":148374,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[18,148376,148377],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148378,148379,148381,148383,148385,148387,148389,148391,148393,148395],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148380,63],{"class":62},[56,148382,67],{"class":66},[56,148384,938],{"class":937},[56,148386,372],{"class":941},[56,148388,938],{"class":937},[56,148390,20676],{"class":3341},[56,148392,69620],{"class":237},[56,148394,3120],{"class":66},[56,148396,3124],{"class":3123},[615,148398,36717,148400,8191,148402],{"id":148399},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[18,148401,147404],{},[18,148403,56817],{},[14,148405,148406],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[14,148408,148409],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[615,148411,148413],{"id":148412},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[14,148415,148416,148418],{},[18,148417,56812],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[47,148420,148422],{"className":49,"code":148421,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[18,148423,148424,148457,148483],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148425,148426,148428,148430,148432,148434,148436,148438,148440,148442,148445,148447,148449,148451,148453,148455],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148427,3537],{"class":284},[56,148429,288],{"class":75},[56,148431,8724],{"class":66},[56,148433,938],{"class":937},[56,148435,3546],{"class":941},[56,148437,938],{"class":937},[56,148439,1080],{"class":66},[56,148441,1448],{"class":937},[56,148443,148444],{"class":941},"pineapple",[56,148446,938],{"class":937},[56,148448,1080],{"class":66},[56,148450,1448],{"class":937},[56,148452,3546],{"class":941},[56,148454,938],{"class":937},[56,148456,241],{"class":66},[56,148458,148459,148461,148463,148465,148467,148469,148471,148473,148476,148478,148480],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,148460,63],{"class":62},[56,148462,67],{"class":66},[56,148464,3581],{"class":237},[56,148466,497],{"class":66},[56,148468,40775],{"class":237},[56,148470,67],{"class":66},[56,148472,938],{"class":937},[56,148474,148475],{"class":941},"app",[56,148477,938],{"class":937},[56,148479,4836],{"class":66},[56,148481,148482],{"class":3123},"    # 0\n",[56,148484,148485,148487,148489,148491,148493,148495,148497,148499,148501,148503,148505],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,148486,63],{"class":62},[56,148488,67],{"class":66},[56,148490,3581],{"class":237},[56,148492,497],{"class":66},[56,148494,40775],{"class":237},[56,148496,67],{"class":66},[56,148498,938],{"class":937},[56,148500,3546],{"class":941},[56,148502,938],{"class":937},[56,148504,4836],{"class":66},[56,148506,50935],{"class":3123},[14,148508,148509,148512,148513,497],{},[18,148510,148511],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[18,148514,181],{},[42,148516,148518],{"id":148517},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[14,148520,148521],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[26,148523,148524,148529,148538,148544],{},[29,148525,153,148526,148528],{},[18,148527,3348],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[29,148530,153,148531,148537],{},[372,148532,148534,148535],{"href":148533},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[18,148536,58490],{}," to find the position of a value",[29,148539,153,148540,148543],{},[18,148541,148542],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[29,148545,148546],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[14,148548,45558,148549,971],{},[18,148550,3348],{},[47,148552,148554],{"className":49,"code":148553,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[18,148555,148556,148576,148580,148596],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148557,148558,148560,148562,148564,148566,148568,148570,148572,148574],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148559,3075],{"class":284},[56,148561,288],{"class":75},[56,148563,8724],{"class":66},[56,148565,584],{"class":79},[56,148567,1080],{"class":66},[56,148569,5470],{"class":79},[56,148571,1080],{"class":66},[56,148573,53657],{"class":79},[56,148575,241],{"class":66},[56,148577,148578],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,148579,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,148581,148582,148584,148586,148588,148590,148592,148594],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,148583,63],{"class":62},[56,148585,67],{"class":66},[56,148587,80],{"class":79},[56,148589,20676],{"class":3341},[56,148591,3731],{"class":237},[56,148593,3120],{"class":66},[56,148595,43372],{"class":3123},[56,148597,148598,148600,148602,148604,148606,148608,148610],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,148599,63],{"class":62},[56,148601,67],{"class":66},[56,148603,198],{"class":79},[56,148605,20676],{"class":3341},[56,148607,3731],{"class":237},[56,148609,3120],{"class":66},[56,148611,43389],{"class":3123},[14,148613,45558,148614,971],{},[18,148615,58490],{},[47,148617,148619],{"className":49,"code":148618,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[18,148620,148621,148645],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148622,148623,148625,148627,148629,148631,148633,148635,148637,148639,148641,148643],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148624,3075],{"class":284},[56,148626,288],{"class":75},[56,148628,8724],{"class":66},[56,148630,584],{"class":79},[56,148632,1080],{"class":66},[56,148634,5470],{"class":79},[56,148636,1080],{"class":66},[56,148638,53657],{"class":79},[56,148640,1080],{"class":66},[56,148642,5470],{"class":79},[56,148644,241],{"class":66},[56,148646,148647,148649,148651,148653,148655,148657,148659,148661,148663],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,148648,63],{"class":62},[56,148650,67],{"class":66},[56,148652,3107],{"class":237},[56,148654,497],{"class":66},[56,148656,35357],{"class":237},[56,148658,67],{"class":66},[56,148660,80],{"class":79},[56,148662,4836],{"class":66},[56,148664,27285],{"class":3123},[14,148666,148667,148669,148670,148672,148674],{},[18,148668,56812],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9335,148671],{},[18,148673,58490],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[42,148676,1553],{"id":1552},[615,148678,4615,148680,4618],{"id":148679},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[18,148681,147404],{},[14,148683,148684],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[615,148686,12199,148688,148690],{"id":148687},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[18,148689,147404],{}," change the tuple?",[14,148692,148693],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[615,148695,148697],{"id":148696},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[14,148699,11405,148700,497],{},[18,148701,181],{},[615,148703,4643,148705,148707],{"id":148704},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[18,148706,147404],{}," count strings?",[14,148709,148710],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[615,148712,4653,148714,3862,148716,571],{"id":148713},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[18,148715,147404],{},[18,148717,148718],{},"tuple.index()",[14,148720,148721,148723,148724,148726],{},[18,148722,56812],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[18,148725,58490],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[42,148728,1601],{"id":1600},[26,148730,148731,148735,148740,148747,148755],{},[29,148732,148733],{},[372,148734,147513],{"href":147512},[29,148736,148737],{},[372,148738,148739],{"href":147516},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[29,148741,148742],{},[372,148743,148744,148745,10231],{"href":148533},"Python tuple ",[18,148746,58490],{},[29,148748,148749],{},[372,148750,148752,148753],{"href":148751},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[18,148754,41877],{},[29,148756,148757],{},[372,148758,58478],{"href":58477},[1633,148760,148761],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":148763},[148764,148766,148769,148770,148771,148772,148773,148781,148782,148793],{"id":147480,"depth":86,"text":148765},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147520,"depth":86,"text":147521,"children":148767},[148768],{"id":102631,"depth":102,"text":102632},{"id":10967,"depth":86,"text":10968},{"id":37533,"depth":86,"text":37534},{"id":40560,"depth":86,"text":40561},{"id":148043,"depth":86,"text":148044},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912,"children":148774},[148775,148777,148778,148780],{"id":148203,"depth":102,"text":148776},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58115,"depth":102,"text":58531},{"id":148399,"depth":102,"text":148779},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148412,"depth":102,"text":148413},{"id":148517,"depth":86,"text":148518},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":148783},[148784,148786,148788,148789,148791],{"id":148679,"depth":102,"text":148785},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148687,"depth":102,"text":148787},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148696,"depth":102,"text":148697},{"id":148704,"depth":102,"text":148790},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148713,"depth":102,"text":148792},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147391,"description":148794},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148801,"title":148802,"body":148803,"description":150490,"extension":1665,"meta":150491,"navigation":316,"path":150492,"seo":150493,"stem":150494,"__hash__":150495},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148804,"toc":150453},[148805,148808,148811,148820,148822,148952,148954,149015,149021,149023,149043,149047,149050,149053,149088,149090,149111,149114,149153,149155,149180,149187,149191,149194,149231,149233,149256,149259,149262,149274,149280,149284,149287,149293,149334,149336,149359,149362,149403,149405,149432,149434,149451,149453,149470,149473,149477,149480,149482,149516,149518,149565,149569,149608,149612,149615,149672,149674,149715,149721,149727,149732,149734,149771,149773,149793,149795,149828,149830,149863,149866,149870,149903,149905,149930,149933,149935,149949,149956,149958,149961,149965,149968,150003,150006,150041,150045,150048,150087,150090,150129,150133,150135,150165,150168,150175,150177,150209,150212,150244,150247,150278,150280,150297,150301,150304,150368,150370,150374,150381,150385,150388,150392,150395,150399,150402,150407,150413,150415,150450],[10,148806,148802],{"id":148807},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[14,148809,148810],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[14,148812,148813,148814,964,148818,497],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[372,148815,148817],{"href":148816},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[372,148819,147513],{"href":147512},[42,148821,45],{"id":44},[47,148823,148825],{"className":49,"code":148824,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[18,148826,148827,148847,148856,148870,148906,148910,148920,148930,148941],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148828,148829,148831,148833,148835,148837,148839,148841,148843,148845],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148830,3075],{"class":284},[56,148832,288],{"class":75},[56,148834,8724],{"class":66},[56,148836,1077],{"class":79},[56,148838,1080],{"class":66},[56,148840,1083],{"class":79},[56,148842,1080],{"class":66},[56,148844,529],{"class":79},[56,148846,241],{"class":66},[56,148848,148849,148851,148853],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,148850,124377],{"class":284},[56,148852,288],{"class":75},[56,148854,148855],{"class":66}," ()\n",[56,148857,148858,148861,148863,148865,148867],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,148859,148860],{"class":284},"one_item ",[56,148862,288],{"class":75},[56,148864,8724],{"class":66},[56,148866,198],{"class":79},[56,148868,148869],{"class":66},",)\n",[56,148871,148872,148875,148877,148880,148882,148884,148886,148888,148890,148892,148894,148896,148898,148900,148902,148904],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,148873,148874],{"class":284},"from_list ",[56,148876,288],{"class":75},[56,148878,148879],{"class":989}," tuple",[56,148881,1074],{"class":66},[56,148883,938],{"class":937},[56,148885,372],{"class":941},[56,148887,938],{"class":937},[56,148889,1080],{"class":66},[56,148891,1448],{"class":937},[56,148893,4232],{"class":941},[56,148895,938],{"class":937},[56,148897,1080],{"class":66},[56,148899,1448],{"class":937},[56,148901,9228],{"class":941},[56,148903,938],{"class":937},[56,148905,3354],{"class":66},[56,148907,148908],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,148909,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,148911,148912,148914,148916,148918],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,148913,63],{"class":62},[56,148915,67],{"class":66},[56,148917,3107],{"class":237},[56,148919,241],{"class":66},[56,148921,148922,148924,148926,148928],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,148923,63],{"class":62},[56,148925,67],{"class":66},[56,148927,124428],{"class":237},[56,148929,241],{"class":66},[56,148931,148932,148934,148936,148939],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,148933,63],{"class":62},[56,148935,67],{"class":66},[56,148937,148938],{"class":237},"one_item",[56,148940,241],{"class":66},[56,148942,148943,148945,148947,148950],{"class":58,"line":5910},[56,148944,63],{"class":62},[56,148946,67],{"class":66},[56,148948,148949],{"class":237},"from_list",[56,148951,241],{"class":66},[14,148953,130],{},[47,148955,148957],{"className":49,"code":148956,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[18,148958,148959,148975,148979,148987],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,148960,148961,148963,148965,148967,148969,148971,148973],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,148962,67],{"class":66},[56,148964,1077],{"class":79},[56,148966,1080],{"class":66},[56,148968,1083],{"class":79},[56,148970,1080],{"class":66},[56,148972,529],{"class":79},[56,148974,241],{"class":66},[56,148976,148977],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,148978,8129],{"class":66},[56,148980,148981,148983,148985],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,148982,67],{"class":66},[56,148984,198],{"class":79},[56,148986,148869],{"class":66},[56,148988,148989,148991,148993,148995,148997,148999,149001,149003,149005,149007,149009,149011,149013],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,148990,67],{"class":66},[56,148992,1394],{"class":937},[56,148994,372],{"class":941},[56,148996,1394],{"class":937},[56,148998,1080],{"class":66},[56,149000,1389],{"class":937},[56,149002,4232],{"class":941},[56,149004,1394],{"class":937},[56,149006,1080],{"class":66},[56,149008,1389],{"class":937},[56,149010,9228],{"class":941},[56,149012,1394],{"class":937},[56,149014,241],{"class":66},[14,149016,149017,149018,497],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[18,149019,149020],{},"(5,)",[42,149022,14661],{"id":14660},[26,149024,149025,149028,149031,149034,149037,149040],{},[29,149026,149027],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[29,149029,149030],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[29,149032,149033],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[29,149035,149036],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[29,149038,149039],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[29,149041,149042],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[42,149044,149046],{"id":149045},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[14,149048,149049],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[14,149051,149052],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[47,149054,149056],{"className":49,"code":149055,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,149057,149058,149078],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149059,149060,149062,149064,149066,149068,149070,149072,149074,149076],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149061,3075],{"class":284},[56,149063,288],{"class":75},[56,149065,8724],{"class":66},[56,149067,1077],{"class":79},[56,149069,1080],{"class":66},[56,149071,1083],{"class":79},[56,149073,1080],{"class":66},[56,149075,529],{"class":79},[56,149077,241],{"class":66},[56,149079,149080,149082,149084,149086],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,149081,63],{"class":62},[56,149083,67],{"class":66},[56,149085,3107],{"class":237},[56,149087,241],{"class":66},[14,149089,130],{},[47,149091,149093],{"className":49,"code":149092,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[18,149094,149095],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149096,149097,149099,149101,149103,149105,149107,149109],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149098,67],{"class":66},[56,149100,1077],{"class":79},[56,149102,1080],{"class":66},[56,149104,1083],{"class":79},[56,149106,1080],{"class":66},[56,149108,529],{"class":79},[56,149110,241],{"class":66},[14,149112,149113],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[47,149115,149117],{"className":49,"code":149116,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[18,149118,149119,149143],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149120,149121,149123,149125,149127,149129,149131,149133,149135,149137,149139,149141],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149122,8653],{"class":284},[56,149124,288],{"class":75},[56,149126,8724],{"class":66},[56,149128,1077],{"class":79},[56,149130,1080],{"class":66},[56,149132,1448],{"class":937},[56,149134,3546],{"class":941},[56,149136,938],{"class":937},[56,149138,1080],{"class":66},[56,149140,3382],{"class":3316},[56,149142,241],{"class":66},[56,149144,149145,149147,149149,149151],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,149146,63],{"class":62},[56,149148,67],{"class":66},[56,149150,8692],{"class":237},[56,149152,241],{"class":66},[14,149154,130],{},[47,149156,149158],{"className":49,"code":149157,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[18,149159,149160],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149161,149162,149164,149166,149168,149170,149172,149174,149176,149178],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149163,67],{"class":66},[56,149165,1077],{"class":79},[56,149167,1080],{"class":66},[56,149169,1389],{"class":937},[56,149171,3546],{"class":941},[56,149173,1394],{"class":937},[56,149175,1080],{"class":66},[56,149177,3382],{"class":3316},[56,149179,241],{"class":66},[14,149181,149182,149183,497],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[372,149184,149186],{"href":149185},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[42,149188,149190],{"id":149189},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[14,149192,149193],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[47,149195,149197],{"className":49,"code":149196,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[18,149198,149199,149207,149217],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149200,149201,149203,149205],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149202,124377],{"class":284},[56,149204,288],{"class":75},[56,149206,148855],{"class":66},[56,149208,149209,149211,149213,149215],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,149210,63],{"class":62},[56,149212,67],{"class":66},[56,149214,124428],{"class":237},[56,149216,241],{"class":66},[56,149218,149219,149221,149223,149225,149227,149229],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,149220,63],{"class":62},[56,149222,67],{"class":66},[56,149224,1314],{"class":989},[56,149226,67],{"class":66},[56,149228,124428],{"class":237},[56,149230,83],{"class":66},[14,149232,130],{},[47,149234,149236],{"className":49,"code":149235,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,149237,149238,149242],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149239,149240],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149241,8129],{"class":66},[56,149243,149244,149246,149248,149250,149252,149254],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,149245,1383],{"class":75},[56,149247,1386],{"class":124},[56,149249,1389],{"class":937},[56,149251,48472],{"class":941},[56,149253,1394],{"class":937},[56,149255,1397],{"class":75},[14,149257,149258],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[14,149260,149261],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[26,149263,149264,149269],{},[29,149265,149266,149267],{},"Empty tuple: ",[18,149268,6846],{},[29,149270,149271,149272],{},"Empty list: ",[18,149273,3250],{},[14,149275,149276,149277,497],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[372,149278,149279],{"href":56675},"Python list: creating a list",[42,149281,149283],{"id":149282},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[14,149285,149286],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[14,149288,149289,149290,149292],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[3205,149291,4101],{}," automatically a tuple:",[47,149294,149296],{"className":49,"code":149295,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,149297,149298,149310,149320],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149299,149300,149302,149304,149306,149308],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149301,524],{"class":284},[56,149303,288],{"class":75},[56,149305,8724],{"class":66},[56,149307,198],{"class":79},[56,149309,241],{"class":66},[56,149311,149312,149314,149316,149318],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,149313,63],{"class":62},[56,149315,67],{"class":66},[56,149317,551],{"class":237},[56,149319,241],{"class":66},[56,149321,149322,149324,149326,149328,149330,149332],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,149323,63],{"class":62},[56,149325,67],{"class":66},[56,149327,1314],{"class":989},[56,149329,67],{"class":66},[56,149331,551],{"class":237},[56,149333,83],{"class":66},[14,149335,130],{},[47,149337,149339],{"className":49,"code":149338,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,149340,149341,149345],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149342,149343],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149344,1035],{"class":79},[56,149346,149347,149349,149351,149353,149355,149357],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,149348,1383],{"class":75},[56,149350,1386],{"class":124},[56,149352,1389],{"class":937},[56,149354,254],{"class":941},[56,149356,1394],{"class":937},[56,149358,1397],{"class":75},[14,149360,149361],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[47,149363,149365],{"className":49,"code":149364,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[18,149366,149367,149379,149389],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149368,149369,149371,149373,149375,149377],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149370,148860],{"class":284},[56,149372,288],{"class":75},[56,149374,8724],{"class":66},[56,149376,198],{"class":79},[56,149378,148869],{"class":66},[56,149380,149381,149383,149385,149387],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,149382,63],{"class":62},[56,149384,67],{"class":66},[56,149386,148938],{"class":237},[56,149388,241],{"class":66},[56,149390,149391,149393,149395,149397,149399,149401],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,149392,63],{"class":62},[56,149394,67],{"class":66},[56,149396,1314],{"class":989},[56,149398,67],{"class":66},[56,149400,148938],{"class":237},[56,149402,83],{"class":66},[14,149404,130],{},[47,149406,149408],{"className":49,"code":149407,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,149409,149410,149418],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149411,149412,149414,149416],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149413,67],{"class":66},[56,149415,198],{"class":79},[56,149417,148869],{"class":66},[56,149419,149420,149422,149424,149426,149428,149430],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,149421,1383],{"class":75},[56,149423,1386],{"class":124},[56,149425,1389],{"class":937},[56,149427,48472],{"class":941},[56,149429,1394],{"class":937},[56,149431,1397],{"class":75},[14,149433,16155],{},[47,149435,149437],{"className":49,"code":149436,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(\"apple\",)\n",[18,149438,149439],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149440,149441,149443,149445,149447,149449],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149442,67],{"class":66},[56,149444,938],{"class":937},[56,149446,3546],{"class":941},[56,149448,938],{"class":937},[56,149450,148869],{"class":66},[14,149452,16143],{},[47,149454,149456],{"className":49,"code":149455,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(\"apple\")\n",[18,149457,149458],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149459,149460,149462,149464,149466,149468],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149461,67],{"class":66},[56,149463,938],{"class":937},[56,149465,3546],{"class":941},[56,149467,938],{"class":937},[56,149469,241],{"class":66},[14,149471,149472],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[42,149474,149476],{"id":149475},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[14,149478,149479],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[615,149481,55983],{"id":3107},[47,149483,149484],{"className":49,"code":149055,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,149485,149486,149506],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149487,149488,149490,149492,149494,149496,149498,149500,149502,149504],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149489,3075],{"class":284},[56,149491,288],{"class":75},[56,149493,8724],{"class":66},[56,149495,1077],{"class":79},[56,149497,1080],{"class":66},[56,149499,1083],{"class":79},[56,149501,1080],{"class":66},[56,149503,529],{"class":79},[56,149505,241],{"class":66},[56,149507,149508,149510,149512,149514],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,149509,63],{"class":62},[56,149511,67],{"class":66},[56,149513,3107],{"class":237},[56,149515,241],{"class":66},[615,149517,55986],{"id":4783},[47,149519,149521],{"className":49,"code":149520,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[18,149522,149523,149555],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149524,149525,149527,149529,149531,149533,149535,149537,149539,149541,149543,149545,149547,149549,149551,149553],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149526,12572],{"class":284},[56,149528,288],{"class":75},[56,149530,8724],{"class":66},[56,149532,938],{"class":937},[56,149534,12589],{"class":941},[56,149536,938],{"class":937},[56,149538,1080],{"class":66},[56,149540,1448],{"class":937},[56,149542,16956],{"class":941},[56,149544,938],{"class":937},[56,149546,1080],{"class":66},[56,149548,1448],{"class":937},[56,149550,12606],{"class":941},[56,149552,938],{"class":937},[56,149554,241],{"class":66},[56,149556,149557,149559,149561,149563],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,149558,63],{"class":62},[56,149560,67],{"class":66},[56,149562,17003],{"class":237},[56,149564,241],{"class":66},[615,149566,149568],{"id":149567},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[47,149570,149572],{"className":49,"code":149571,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[18,149573,149574,149598],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149575,149576,149578,149580,149582,149584,149586,149588,149590,149592,149594,149596],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149577,58995],{"class":284},[56,149579,288],{"class":75},[56,149581,8724],{"class":66},[56,149583,1077],{"class":79},[56,149585,1080],{"class":66},[56,149587,1448],{"class":937},[56,149589,3546],{"class":941},[56,149591,938],{"class":937},[56,149593,1080],{"class":66},[56,149595,3382],{"class":3316},[56,149597,241],{"class":66},[56,149599,149600,149602,149604,149606],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,149601,63],{"class":62},[56,149603,67],{"class":66},[56,149605,59048],{"class":237},[56,149607,241],{"class":66},[615,149609,149611],{"id":149610},"nested-values","Nested values",[14,149613,149614],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[47,149616,149618],{"className":49,"code":149617,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[18,149619,149620,149661],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149621,149622,149625,149627,149629,149631,149633,149635,149637,149639,149641,149643,149645,149647,149649,149651,149653,149655,149657,149659],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149623,149624],{"class":284},"nested ",[56,149626,288],{"class":75},[56,149628,8724],{"class":66},[56,149630,1077],{"class":79},[56,149632,1080],{"class":66},[56,149634,8724],{"class":66},[56,149636,938],{"class":937},[56,149638,372],{"class":941},[56,149640,938],{"class":937},[56,149642,1080],{"class":66},[56,149644,1448],{"class":937},[56,149646,4232],{"class":941},[56,149648,938],{"class":937},[56,149650,8721],{"class":66},[56,149652,3080],{"class":66},[56,149654,406],{"class":79},[56,149656,1080],{"class":66},[56,149658,7272],{"class":79},[56,149660,3354],{"class":66},[56,149662,149663,149665,149667,149670],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,149664,63],{"class":62},[56,149666,67],{"class":66},[56,149668,149669],{"class":237},"nested",[56,149671,241],{"class":66},[14,149673,130],{},[47,149675,149677],{"className":49,"code":149676,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[18,149678,149679],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149680,149681,149683,149685,149687,149689,149691,149693,149695,149697,149699,149701,149703,149705,149707,149709,149711,149713],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149682,67],{"class":66},[56,149684,1077],{"class":79},[56,149686,1080],{"class":66},[56,149688,8724],{"class":66},[56,149690,1394],{"class":937},[56,149692,372],{"class":941},[56,149694,1394],{"class":937},[56,149696,1080],{"class":66},[56,149698,1389],{"class":937},[56,149700,4232],{"class":941},[56,149702,1394],{"class":937},[56,149704,8721],{"class":66},[56,149706,3080],{"class":66},[56,149708,406],{"class":79},[56,149710,1080],{"class":66},[56,149712,7272],{"class":79},[56,149714,3354],{"class":66},[42,149716,149718,149719],{"id":149717},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[18,149720,37560],{},[14,149722,149723,149724,149726],{},"You can use the built-in ",[18,149725,37560],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[14,149728,149729,149730,497],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[372,149731,62741],{"href":62740},[615,149733,104772],{"id":104771},[47,149735,149737],{"className":49,"code":149736,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,149738,149739,149761],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149740,149741,149743,149745,149747,149749,149751,149753,149755,149757,149759],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149742,3075],{"class":284},[56,149744,288],{"class":75},[56,149746,148879],{"class":989},[56,149748,1074],{"class":66},[56,149750,1077],{"class":79},[56,149752,1080],{"class":66},[56,149754,1083],{"class":79},[56,149756,1080],{"class":66},[56,149758,529],{"class":79},[56,149760,3354],{"class":66},[56,149762,149763,149765,149767,149769],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,149764,63],{"class":62},[56,149766,67],{"class":66},[56,149768,3107],{"class":237},[56,149770,241],{"class":66},[14,149772,130],{},[47,149774,149775],{"className":49,"code":149092,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,149776,149777],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149778,149779,149781,149783,149785,149787,149789,149791],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149780,67],{"class":66},[56,149782,1077],{"class":79},[56,149784,1080],{"class":66},[56,149786,1083],{"class":79},[56,149788,1080],{"class":66},[56,149790,529],{"class":79},[56,149792,241],{"class":66},[615,149794,104958],{"id":104957},[47,149796,149798],{"className":49,"code":149797,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[18,149799,149800,149818],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149801,149802,149804,149806,149808,149810,149812,149814,149816],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149803,35602],{"class":284},[56,149805,288],{"class":75},[56,149807,148879],{"class":989},[56,149809,67],{"class":66},[56,149811,938],{"class":937},[56,149813,41076],{"class":941},[56,149815,938],{"class":937},[56,149817,241],{"class":66},[56,149819,149820,149822,149824,149826],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,149821,63],{"class":62},[56,149823,67],{"class":66},[56,149825,35655],{"class":237},[56,149827,241],{"class":66},[14,149829,130],{},[47,149831,149833],{"className":49,"code":149832,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[18,149834,149835],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149836,149837,149839,149841,149843,149845,149847,149849,149851,149853,149855,149857,149859,149861],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149838,67],{"class":66},[56,149840,1394],{"class":937},[56,149842,372],{"class":941},[56,149844,1394],{"class":937},[56,149846,1080],{"class":66},[56,149848,1389],{"class":937},[56,149850,4232],{"class":941},[56,149852,1394],{"class":937},[56,149854,1080],{"class":66},[56,149856,1389],{"class":937},[56,149858,9228],{"class":941},[56,149860,1394],{"class":937},[56,149862,241],{"class":66},[14,149864,149865],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[615,149867,149869],{"id":149868},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[47,149871,149873],{"className":49,"code":149872,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[18,149874,149875,149893],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149876,149877,149879,149881,149883,149885,149887,149889,149891],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149878,3286],{"class":284},[56,149880,288],{"class":75},[56,149882,148879],{"class":989},[56,149884,67],{"class":66},[56,149886,59521],{"class":62},[56,149888,67],{"class":66},[56,149890,584],{"class":79},[56,149892,83],{"class":66},[56,149894,149895,149897,149899,149901],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,149896,63],{"class":62},[56,149898,67],{"class":66},[56,149900,4833],{"class":237},[56,149902,241],{"class":66},[14,149904,130],{},[47,149906,149908],{"className":49,"code":149907,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[18,149909,149910],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149911,149912,149914,149916,149918,149920,149922,149924,149926,149928],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149913,67],{"class":66},[56,149915,181],{"class":79},[56,149917,1080],{"class":66},[56,149919,4973],{"class":79},[56,149921,1080],{"class":66},[56,149923,1083],{"class":79},[56,149925,1080],{"class":66},[56,149927,529],{"class":79},[56,149929,241],{"class":66},[14,149931,149932],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[42,149934,20303],{"id":20302},[26,149936,149937,149940,149943,149946],{},[29,149938,149939],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[29,149941,149942],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[29,149944,149945],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[29,149947,149948],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[14,149950,149951,149952,497],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[372,149953,149955],{"href":149954},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[42,149957,912],{"id":911},[14,149959,149960],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[615,149962,149964],{"id":149963},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[14,149966,149967],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[47,149969,149971],{"className":49,"code":149970,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[18,149972,149973,149989],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,149974,149975,149977,149979,149981,149983,149985,149987],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,149976,28044],{"class":284},[56,149978,288],{"class":75},[56,149980,8724],{"class":66},[56,149982,938],{"class":937},[56,149984,3546],{"class":941},[56,149986,938],{"class":937},[56,149988,241],{"class":66},[56,149990,149991,149993,149995,149997,149999,150001],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,149992,63],{"class":62},[56,149994,67],{"class":66},[56,149996,1314],{"class":989},[56,149998,67],{"class":66},[56,150000,22814],{"class":237},[56,150002,83],{"class":66},[14,150004,150005],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[47,150007,150009],{"className":49,"code":150008,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[18,150010,150011,150027],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150012,150013,150015,150017,150019,150021,150023,150025],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150014,28044],{"class":284},[56,150016,288],{"class":75},[56,150018,8724],{"class":66},[56,150020,938],{"class":937},[56,150022,3546],{"class":941},[56,150024,938],{"class":937},[56,150026,148869],{"class":66},[56,150028,150029,150031,150033,150035,150037,150039],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,150030,63],{"class":62},[56,150032,67],{"class":66},[56,150034,1314],{"class":989},[56,150036,67],{"class":66},[56,150038,22814],{"class":237},[56,150040,83],{"class":66},[615,150042,150044],{"id":150043},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[14,150046,150047],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[47,150049,150051],{"className":49,"code":150050,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,150052,150053,150073],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150054,150055,150057,150059,150061,150063,150065,150067,150069,150071],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150056,3286],{"class":284},[56,150058,288],{"class":75},[56,150060,3080],{"class":66},[56,150062,1077],{"class":79},[56,150064,1080],{"class":66},[56,150066,1083],{"class":79},[56,150068,1080],{"class":66},[56,150070,529],{"class":79},[56,150072,3093],{"class":66},[56,150074,150075,150077,150079,150081,150083,150085],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,150076,63],{"class":62},[56,150078,67],{"class":66},[56,150080,1314],{"class":989},[56,150082,67],{"class":66},[56,150084,4833],{"class":237},[56,150086,83],{"class":66},[14,150088,150089],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[47,150091,150093],{"className":49,"code":150092,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[18,150094,150095,150115],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150096,150097,150099,150101,150103,150105,150107,150109,150111,150113],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150098,3286],{"class":284},[56,150100,288],{"class":75},[56,150102,8724],{"class":66},[56,150104,1077],{"class":79},[56,150106,1080],{"class":66},[56,150108,1083],{"class":79},[56,150110,1080],{"class":66},[56,150112,529],{"class":79},[56,150114,241],{"class":66},[56,150116,150117,150119,150121,150123,150125,150127],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,150118,63],{"class":62},[56,150120,67],{"class":66},[56,150122,1314],{"class":989},[56,150124,67],{"class":66},[56,150126,4833],{"class":237},[56,150128,83],{"class":66},[615,150130,150132],{"id":150131},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[14,150134,149945],{},[47,150136,150138],{"className":49,"code":150137,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[18,150139,150140,150160],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150141,150142,150144,150146,150148,150150,150152,150154,150156,150158],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150143,3075],{"class":284},[56,150145,288],{"class":75},[56,150147,8724],{"class":66},[56,150149,1077],{"class":79},[56,150151,1080],{"class":66},[56,150153,1083],{"class":79},[56,150155,1080],{"class":66},[56,150157,529],{"class":79},[56,150159,241],{"class":66},[56,150161,150162],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,150163,150164],{"class":3123},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[14,150166,150167],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[615,150169,36717,150171,150174],{"id":150170},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[18,150172,150173],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[14,150176,64167],{},[47,150178,150179],{"className":49,"code":149797,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,150180,150181,150199],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150182,150183,150185,150187,150189,150191,150193,150195,150197],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150184,35602],{"class":284},[56,150186,288],{"class":75},[56,150188,148879],{"class":989},[56,150190,67],{"class":66},[56,150192,938],{"class":937},[56,150194,41076],{"class":941},[56,150196,938],{"class":937},[56,150198,241],{"class":66},[56,150200,150201,150203,150205,150207],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,150202,63],{"class":62},[56,150204,67],{"class":66},[56,150206,35655],{"class":237},[56,150208,241],{"class":66},[14,150210,150211],{},"gives:",[47,150213,150214],{"className":49,"code":149832,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,150215,150216],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150217,150218,150220,150222,150224,150226,150228,150230,150232,150234,150236,150238,150240,150242],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150219,67],{"class":66},[56,150221,1394],{"class":937},[56,150223,372],{"class":941},[56,150225,1394],{"class":937},[56,150227,1080],{"class":66},[56,150229,1389],{"class":937},[56,150231,4232],{"class":941},[56,150233,1394],{"class":937},[56,150235,1080],{"class":66},[56,150237,1389],{"class":937},[56,150239,9228],{"class":941},[56,150241,1394],{"class":937},[56,150243,241],{"class":66},[14,150245,150246],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[47,150248,150250],{"className":49,"code":150249,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[18,150251,150252,150268],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150253,150254,150256,150258,150260,150262,150264,150266],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150255,5631],{"class":284},[56,150257,288],{"class":75},[56,150259,8724],{"class":66},[56,150261,938],{"class":937},[56,150263,41076],{"class":941},[56,150265,938],{"class":937},[56,150267,148869],{"class":66},[56,150269,150270,150272,150274,150276],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,150271,63],{"class":62},[56,150273,67],{"class":66},[56,150275,37905],{"class":237},[56,150277,241],{"class":66},[14,150279,130],{},[47,150281,150283],{"className":49,"code":150282,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('abc',)\n",[18,150284,150285],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150286,150287,150289,150291,150293,150295],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150288,67],{"class":66},[56,150290,1394],{"class":937},[56,150292,41076],{"class":941},[56,150294,1394],{"class":937},[56,150296,148869],{"class":66},[615,150298,150300],{"id":150299},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[14,150302,150303],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[47,150305,150307],{"className":49,"code":150306,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[18,150308,150309,150326,150330,150340,150354],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150310,150311,150314,150316,150318,150320,150322,150324],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150312,150313],{"class":284},"my_tuple ",[56,150315,288],{"class":75},[56,150317,8724],{"class":66},[56,150319,938],{"class":937},[56,150321,3546],{"class":941},[56,150323,938],{"class":937},[56,150325,148869],{"class":66},[56,150327,150328],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,150329,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,150331,150332,150334,150336,150338],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,150333,63],{"class":62},[56,150335,67],{"class":66},[56,150337,147531],{"class":237},[56,150339,241],{"class":66},[56,150341,150342,150344,150346,150348,150350,150352],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,150343,63],{"class":62},[56,150345,67],{"class":66},[56,150347,1314],{"class":989},[56,150349,67],{"class":66},[56,150351,147531],{"class":237},[56,150353,83],{"class":66},[56,150355,150356,150358,150360,150362,150364,150366],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,150357,63],{"class":62},[56,150359,67],{"class":66},[56,150361,10653],{"class":62},[56,150363,67],{"class":66},[56,150365,147531],{"class":237},[56,150367,83],{"class":66},[42,150369,1553],{"id":1552},[615,150371,150373],{"id":150372},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[14,150375,150376,150377,150380],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[18,150378,150379],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[615,150382,150384],{"id":150383},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[14,150386,150387],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[615,150389,150391],{"id":150390},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[14,150393,150394],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[615,150396,150398],{"id":150397},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[14,150400,150401],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[615,150403,4615,150405,12211],{"id":150404},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[18,150406,150173],{},[14,150408,4621,150409,150412],{},[18,150410,150411],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[42,150414,1601],{"id":1600},[26,150416,150417,150421,150425,150431,150436,150441,150445],{},[29,150418,150419],{},[372,150420,147513],{"href":147512},[29,150422,150423],{},[372,150424,149186],{"href":149185},[29,150426,150427],{},[372,150428,150430],{"href":150429},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[29,150432,150433],{},[372,150434,150435],{"href":148751},"Python tuple length with len()",[29,150437,150438],{},[372,150439,150440],{"href":148816},"What is a tuple in Python?",[29,150442,150443],{},[372,150444,62741],{"href":62740},[29,150446,150447],{},[372,150448,150449],{"href":149954},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1633,150451,150452],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":150454},[150455,150456,150457,150458,150459,150460,150466,150472,150473,150481,150489],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":14660,"depth":86,"text":14661},{"id":149045,"depth":86,"text":149046},{"id":149189,"depth":86,"text":149190},{"id":149282,"depth":86,"text":149283},{"id":149475,"depth":86,"text":149476,"children":150461},[150462,150463,150464,150465],{"id":3107,"depth":102,"text":55983},{"id":4783,"depth":102,"text":55986},{"id":149567,"depth":102,"text":149568},{"id":149610,"depth":102,"text":149611},{"id":149717,"depth":86,"text":150467,"children":150468},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150469,150470,150471],{"id":104771,"depth":102,"text":104772},{"id":104957,"depth":102,"text":104958},{"id":149868,"depth":102,"text":149869},{"id":20302,"depth":86,"text":20303},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912,"children":150474},[150475,150476,150477,150478,150480],{"id":149963,"depth":102,"text":149964},{"id":150043,"depth":102,"text":150044},{"id":150131,"depth":102,"text":150132},{"id":150170,"depth":102,"text":150479},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150299,"depth":102,"text":150300},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":150482},[150483,150484,150485,150486,150487],{"id":150372,"depth":102,"text":150373},{"id":150383,"depth":102,"text":150384},{"id":150390,"depth":102,"text":150391},{"id":150397,"depth":102,"text":150398},{"id":150404,"depth":102,"text":150488},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148802,"description":150490},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150497,"title":150498,"body":150499,"description":152044,"extension":1665,"meta":152045,"navigation":316,"path":152046,"seo":152047,"stem":152048,"__hash__":152049},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150500,"toc":152014},[150501,150504,150509,150511,150524,150530,150532,150599,150601,150636,150641,150645,150649,150651,150662,150670,150672,150674,150695,150697,150717,150720,150722,150727,150770,150772,150794,150797,150810,150814,150818,150821,150874,150876,150897,150902,150906,150909,150954,150956,150989,151001,151005,151013,151050,151052,151081,151085,151088,151141,151143,151163,151170,151174,151179,151248,151250,151275,151279,151282,151288,151365,151367,151426,151428,151440,151445,151449,151453,151467,151469,151504,151506,151523,151526,151539,151543,151547,151558,151563,151578,151581,151584,151586,151589,151593,151595,151609,151611,151635,151640,151644,151647,151666,151669,151718,151723,151740,151743,151776,151780,151782,151833,151836,151861,151864,151887,151891,151897,151899,151934,151937,151942,151944,151948,151951,151955,151960,151964,151967,151971,151974,151978,151983,151985,152011],[10,150502,150498],{"id":150503},"python-tuple-function-explained",[14,150505,8610,150506,150508],{},[18,150507,37560],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[14,150510,82113],{},[26,150512,150513,150518],{},[29,150514,150515,150517],{},[18,150516,37560],{}," creates an empty tuple",[29,150519,150520,150523],{},[18,150521,150522],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[14,150525,150526,150527,150529],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[18,150528,37560],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[42,150531,45],{"id":44},[47,150533,150535],{"className":49,"code":150534,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,150536,150537,150557,150571,150575,150585],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150538,150539,150541,150543,150545,150547,150549,150551,150553,150555],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150540,3075],{"class":284},[56,150542,288],{"class":75},[56,150544,3080],{"class":66},[56,150546,1077],{"class":79},[56,150548,1080],{"class":66},[56,150550,1083],{"class":79},[56,150552,1080],{"class":66},[56,150554,529],{"class":79},[56,150556,3093],{"class":66},[56,150558,150559,150561,150563,150565,150567,150569],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,150560,299],{"class":284},[56,150562,288],{"class":75},[56,150564,148879],{"class":989},[56,150566,67],{"class":66},[56,150568,3107],{"class":237},[56,150570,241],{"class":66},[56,150572,150573],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,150574,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,150576,150577,150579,150581,150583],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,150578,63],{"class":62},[56,150580,67],{"class":66},[56,150582,338],{"class":237},[56,150584,241],{"class":66},[56,150586,150587,150589,150591,150593,150595,150597],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,150588,63],{"class":62},[56,150590,67],{"class":66},[56,150592,1314],{"class":989},[56,150594,67],{"class":66},[56,150596,338],{"class":237},[56,150598,83],{"class":66},[14,150600,130],{},[47,150602,150604],{"className":49,"code":150603,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,150605,150606,150622],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150607,150608,150610,150612,150614,150616,150618,150620],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150609,67],{"class":66},[56,150611,1077],{"class":79},[56,150613,1080],{"class":66},[56,150615,1083],{"class":79},[56,150617,1080],{"class":66},[56,150619,529],{"class":79},[56,150621,241],{"class":66},[56,150623,150624,150626,150628,150630,150632,150634],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,150625,1383],{"class":75},[56,150627,1386],{"class":124},[56,150629,1389],{"class":937},[56,150631,48472],{"class":941},[56,150633,1394],{"class":937},[56,150635,1397],{"class":75},[14,150637,153,150638,150640],{},[18,150639,150522],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[42,150642,150644],{"id":150643},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[14,150646,150647,62449],{},[18,150648,37560],{},[14,150650,48446],{},[26,150652,150653,150656,150659],{},[29,150654,150655],{},"creates a tuple object",[29,150657,150658],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[29,150660,150661],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[14,150663,150664,150665,150667,150668,497],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[372,150666,148817],{"href":148816}," or the full guide to ",[372,150669,147513],{"href":147512},[42,150671,220],{"id":219},[14,150673,25992],{},[47,150675,150677],{"className":49,"code":150676,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[18,150678,150679,150685],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150680,150681,150683],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150682,48472],{"class":989},[56,150684,8129],{"class":66},[56,150686,150687,150689,150691,150693],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,150688,48472],{"class":989},[56,150690,67],{"class":66},[56,150692,3182],{"class":237},[56,150694,241],{"class":66},[14,150696,10951],{},[26,150698,150699,150702],{},[29,150700,150701],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[29,150703,150704,150705],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[26,150706,150707,150709,150711,150713,150715],{},[29,150708,4774],{},[29,150710,4783],{},[29,150712,62520],{},[29,150714,4780],{},[29,150716,6731],{},[14,150718,150719],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[42,150721,149190],{"id":149189},[14,150723,29156,150724,150726],{},[18,150725,37560],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[47,150728,150730],{"className":49,"code":150729,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[18,150731,150732,150742,150746,150756],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150733,150734,150736,150738,150740],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150735,124377],{"class":284},[56,150737,288],{"class":75},[56,150739,148879],{"class":989},[56,150741,8129],{"class":66},[56,150743,150744],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,150745,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,150747,150748,150750,150752,150754],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,150749,63],{"class":62},[56,150751,67],{"class":66},[56,150753,124428],{"class":237},[56,150755,241],{"class":66},[56,150757,150758,150760,150762,150764,150766,150768],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,150759,63],{"class":62},[56,150761,67],{"class":66},[56,150763,1314],{"class":989},[56,150765,67],{"class":66},[56,150767,124428],{"class":237},[56,150769,83],{"class":66},[14,150771,130],{},[47,150773,150774],{"className":49,"code":149235,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,150775,150776,150780],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150777,150778],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150779,8129],{"class":66},[56,150781,150782,150784,150786,150788,150790,150792],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,150783,1383],{"class":75},[56,150785,1386],{"class":124},[56,150787,1389],{"class":937},[56,150789,48472],{"class":941},[56,150791,1394],{"class":937},[56,150793,1397],{"class":75},[14,150795,150796],{},"This is equivalent to:",[47,150798,150800],{"className":49,"code":150799,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty = ()\n",[18,150801,150802],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150803,150804,150806,150808],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150805,124377],{"class":284},[56,150807,288],{"class":75},[56,150809,148855],{"class":66},[42,150811,150813],{"id":150812},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[615,150815,150817],{"id":150816},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[14,150819,150820],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[47,150822,150824],{"className":49,"code":150823,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,150825,150826,150846,150860,150864],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150827,150828,150830,150832,150834,150836,150838,150840,150842,150844],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150829,3075],{"class":284},[56,150831,288],{"class":75},[56,150833,3080],{"class":66},[56,150835,406],{"class":79},[56,150837,1080],{"class":66},[56,150839,7272],{"class":79},[56,150841,1080],{"class":66},[56,150843,7277],{"class":79},[56,150845,3093],{"class":66},[56,150847,150848,150850,150852,150854,150856,150858],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,150849,299],{"class":284},[56,150851,288],{"class":75},[56,150853,148879],{"class":989},[56,150855,67],{"class":66},[56,150857,3107],{"class":237},[56,150859,241],{"class":66},[56,150861,150862],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,150863,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,150865,150866,150868,150870,150872],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,150867,63],{"class":62},[56,150869,67],{"class":66},[56,150871,338],{"class":237},[56,150873,241],{"class":66},[14,150875,130],{},[47,150877,150879],{"className":49,"code":150878,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[18,150880,150881],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150882,150883,150885,150887,150889,150891,150893,150895],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150884,67],{"class":66},[56,150886,406],{"class":79},[56,150888,1080],{"class":66},[56,150890,7272],{"class":79},[56,150892,1080],{"class":66},[56,150894,7277],{"class":79},[56,150896,241],{"class":66},[14,150898,150899,150900,497],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[372,150901,104577],{"href":59578},[615,150903,150905],{"id":150904},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[14,150907,150908],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[47,150910,150912],{"className":49,"code":150911,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,150913,150914,150926,150940,150944],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150915,150916,150918,150920,150922,150924],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150917,34197],{"class":284},[56,150919,288],{"class":75},[56,150921,1448],{"class":937},[56,150923,36560],{"class":941},[56,150925,1454],{"class":937},[56,150927,150928,150930,150932,150934,150936,150938],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,150929,299],{"class":284},[56,150931,288],{"class":75},[56,150933,148879],{"class":989},[56,150935,67],{"class":66},[56,150937,34218],{"class":237},[56,150939,241],{"class":66},[56,150941,150942],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,150943,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,150945,150946,150948,150950,150952],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,150947,63],{"class":62},[56,150949,67],{"class":66},[56,150951,338],{"class":237},[56,150953,241],{"class":66},[14,150955,130],{},[47,150957,150959],{"className":49,"code":150958,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[18,150960,150961],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,150962,150963,150965,150967,150969,150971,150973,150975,150977,150979,150981,150983,150985,150987],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,150964,67],{"class":66},[56,150966,1394],{"class":937},[56,150968,9228],{"class":941},[56,150970,1394],{"class":937},[56,150972,1080],{"class":66},[56,150974,1389],{"class":937},[56,150976,372],{"class":941},[56,150978,1394],{"class":937},[56,150980,1080],{"class":66},[56,150982,1389],{"class":937},[56,150984,62810],{"class":941},[56,150986,1394],{"class":937},[56,150988,241],{"class":66},[14,150990,150991,150992,13551,150995,150997,150998,497],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[18,150993,150994],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[3205,150996,4101],{}," create ",[18,150999,151000],{},"('cat',)",[615,151002,151004],{"id":151003},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[14,151006,151007,151009,151010,151012],{},[18,151008,35710],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[18,151011,37560],{}," collects them all.",[47,151014,151016],{"className":49,"code":151015,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151017,151018,151036,151040],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151019,151020,151022,151024,151026,151028,151030,151032,151034],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151021,299],{"class":284},[56,151023,288],{"class":75},[56,151025,148879],{"class":989},[56,151027,67],{"class":66},[56,151029,59521],{"class":62},[56,151031,67],{"class":66},[56,151033,198],{"class":79},[56,151035,83],{"class":66},[56,151037,151038],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,151039,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,151041,151042,151044,151046,151048],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,151043,63],{"class":62},[56,151045,67],{"class":66},[56,151047,338],{"class":237},[56,151049,241],{"class":66},[14,151051,130],{},[47,151053,151055],{"className":49,"code":151054,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[18,151056,151057],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151058,151059,151061,151063,151065,151067,151069,151071,151073,151075,151077,151079],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151060,67],{"class":66},[56,151062,181],{"class":79},[56,151064,1080],{"class":66},[56,151066,4973],{"class":79},[56,151068,1080],{"class":66},[56,151070,1083],{"class":79},[56,151072,1080],{"class":66},[56,151074,529],{"class":79},[56,151076,1080],{"class":66},[56,151078,535],{"class":79},[56,151080,241],{"class":66},[615,151082,151084],{"id":151083},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[14,151086,151087],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[47,151089,151091],{"className":49,"code":151090,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151092,151093,151113,151127,151131],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151094,151095,151097,151099,151101,151103,151105,151107,151109,151111],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151096,3286],{"class":284},[56,151098,288],{"class":75},[56,151100,9980],{"class":66},[56,151102,1077],{"class":79},[56,151104,1080],{"class":66},[56,151106,1083],{"class":79},[56,151108,1080],{"class":66},[56,151110,529],{"class":79},[56,151112,8797],{"class":66},[56,151114,151115,151117,151119,151121,151123,151125],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,151116,299],{"class":284},[56,151118,288],{"class":75},[56,151120,148879],{"class":989},[56,151122,67],{"class":66},[56,151124,4833],{"class":237},[56,151126,241],{"class":66},[56,151128,151129],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,151130,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,151132,151133,151135,151137,151139],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,151134,63],{"class":62},[56,151136,67],{"class":66},[56,151138,338],{"class":237},[56,151140,241],{"class":66},[14,151142,130],{},[47,151144,151145],{"className":49,"code":149092,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,151146,151147],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151148,151149,151151,151153,151155,151157,151159,151161],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151150,67],{"class":66},[56,151152,1077],{"class":79},[56,151154,1080],{"class":66},[56,151156,1083],{"class":79},[56,151158,1080],{"class":66},[56,151160,529],{"class":79},[56,151162,241],{"class":66},[14,151164,151165,151166,497],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[372,151167,151169],{"href":151168},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[615,151171,151173],{"id":151172},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[14,151175,63063,151176,151178],{},[18,151177,37560],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[47,151180,151182],{"className":49,"code":151181,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[18,151183,151184,151220,151234,151238],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151185,151186,151188,151190,151192,151194,151196,151198,151200,151202,151204,151206,151208,151210,151212,151214,151216,151218],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151187,12701],{"class":284},[56,151189,288],{"class":75},[56,151191,9980],{"class":66},[56,151193,938],{"class":937},[56,151195,7149],{"class":941},[56,151197,938],{"class":937},[56,151199,971],{"class":66},[56,151201,1448],{"class":937},[56,151203,12376],{"class":941},[56,151205,938],{"class":937},[56,151207,1080],{"class":66},[56,151209,1448],{"class":937},[56,151211,8787],{"class":941},[56,151213,938],{"class":937},[56,151215,971],{"class":66},[56,151217,8794],{"class":79},[56,151219,8797],{"class":66},[56,151221,151222,151224,151226,151228,151230,151232],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,151223,299],{"class":284},[56,151225,288],{"class":75},[56,151227,148879],{"class":989},[56,151229,67],{"class":66},[56,151231,16807],{"class":237},[56,151233,241],{"class":66},[56,151235,151236],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,151237,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,151239,151240,151242,151244,151246],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,151241,63],{"class":62},[56,151243,67],{"class":66},[56,151245,338],{"class":237},[56,151247,241],{"class":66},[14,151249,29536],{},[47,151251,151253],{"className":49,"code":151252,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('name', 'age')\n",[18,151254,151255],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151256,151257,151259,151261,151263,151265,151267,151269,151271,151273],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151258,67],{"class":66},[56,151260,1394],{"class":937},[56,151262,7149],{"class":941},[56,151264,1394],{"class":937},[56,151266,1080],{"class":66},[56,151268,1389],{"class":937},[56,151270,8787],{"class":941},[56,151272,1394],{"class":937},[56,151274,241],{"class":66},[42,151276,151278],{"id":151277},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[14,151280,151281],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[14,151283,151284,151287],{},[18,151285,151286],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[47,151289,151291],{"className":49,"code":151290,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[18,151292,151293,151329,151333,151347],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151294,151295,151297,151299,151301,151303,151305,151307,151309,151311,151313,151315,151317,151319,151321,151323,151325,151327],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151296,12701],{"class":284},[56,151298,288],{"class":75},[56,151300,9980],{"class":66},[56,151302,938],{"class":937},[56,151304,7149],{"class":941},[56,151306,938],{"class":937},[56,151308,971],{"class":66},[56,151310,1448],{"class":937},[56,151312,12376],{"class":941},[56,151314,938],{"class":937},[56,151316,1080],{"class":66},[56,151318,1448],{"class":937},[56,151320,8787],{"class":941},[56,151322,938],{"class":937},[56,151324,971],{"class":66},[56,151326,8794],{"class":79},[56,151328,8797],{"class":66},[56,151330,151331],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,151332,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,151334,151335,151337,151339,151341,151343,151345],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,151336,63],{"class":62},[56,151338,67],{"class":66},[56,151340,48472],{"class":989},[56,151342,67],{"class":66},[56,151344,16807],{"class":237},[56,151346,83],{"class":66},[56,151348,151349,151351,151353,151355,151357,151359,151361,151363],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,151350,63],{"class":62},[56,151352,67],{"class":66},[56,151354,48472],{"class":989},[56,151356,67],{"class":66},[56,151358,16807],{"class":237},[56,151360,497],{"class":66},[56,151362,7292],{"class":237},[56,151364,5767],{"class":66},[14,151366,130],{},[47,151368,151370],{"className":49,"code":151369,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[18,151371,151372,151392],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151373,151374,151376,151378,151380,151382,151384,151386,151388,151390],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151375,67],{"class":66},[56,151377,1394],{"class":937},[56,151379,7149],{"class":941},[56,151381,1394],{"class":937},[56,151383,1080],{"class":66},[56,151385,1389],{"class":937},[56,151387,8787],{"class":941},[56,151389,1394],{"class":937},[56,151391,241],{"class":66},[56,151393,151394,151396,151398,151400,151402,151404,151406,151408,151410,151412,151414,151416,151418,151420,151422,151424],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,151395,4986],{"class":66},[56,151397,1394],{"class":937},[56,151399,7149],{"class":941},[56,151401,1394],{"class":937},[56,151403,1080],{"class":66},[56,151405,1389],{"class":937},[56,151407,12376],{"class":941},[56,151409,1394],{"class":937},[56,151411,8721],{"class":66},[56,151413,8724],{"class":66},[56,151415,1394],{"class":937},[56,151417,8787],{"class":941},[56,151419,1394],{"class":937},[56,151421,1080],{"class":66},[56,151423,8794],{"class":79},[56,151425,83],{"class":66},[14,151427,18196],{},[26,151429,151430,151435],{},[29,151431,151432,151434],{},[18,151433,151286],{}," for keys",[29,151436,151437,32065],{},[18,151438,151439],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[14,151441,151442,151443,497],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[372,151444,63073],{"href":63072},[42,151446,151448],{"id":151447},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[14,151450,151451,17820],{},[18,151452,37560],{},[26,151454,151455,151458,151461,151464],{},[29,151456,151457],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[29,151459,151460],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[29,151462,151463],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[29,151465,151466],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[14,151468,274],{},[47,151470,151472],{"className":49,"code":151471,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[18,151473,151474,151493],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151475,151476,151479,151481,151483,151485,151487,151489,151491],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151477,151478],{"class":284},"coordinates ",[56,151480,288],{"class":75},[56,151482,148879],{"class":989},[56,151484,1074],{"class":66},[56,151486,584],{"class":79},[56,151488,1080],{"class":66},[56,151490,5470],{"class":79},[56,151492,3354],{"class":66},[56,151494,151495,151497,151499,151502],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,151496,63],{"class":62},[56,151498,67],{"class":66},[56,151500,151501],{"class":237},"coordinates",[56,151503,241],{"class":66},[14,151505,130],{},[47,151507,151509],{"className":49,"code":151508,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(4, 7)\n",[18,151510,151511],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151512,151513,151515,151517,151519,151521],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151514,67],{"class":66},[56,151516,584],{"class":79},[56,151518,1080],{"class":66},[56,151520,5470],{"class":79},[56,151522,241],{"class":66},[14,151524,151525],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[26,151527,151528,151530,151533,151536],{},[29,151529,151501],{},[29,151531,151532],{},"RGB colors",[29,151534,151535],{},"dates",[29,151537,151538],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[42,151540,151542],{"id":151541},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[14,151544,43946,151545,10091],{},[18,151546,37560],{},[26,151548,151549,151552,151555],{},[29,151550,151551],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[29,151553,151554],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[29,151556,151557],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[14,151559,116004,151560,151562],{},[3205,151561,4101],{}," work:",[47,151564,151566],{"className":49,"code":151565,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tuple(5)\n",[18,151567,151568],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151569,151570,151572,151574,151576],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151571,48472],{"class":989},[56,151573,67],{"class":66},[56,151575,198],{"class":79},[56,151577,241],{"class":66},[14,151579,151580],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[14,151582,151583],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[42,151585,114842],{"id":114841},[14,151587,151588],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[615,151590,151592],{"id":151591},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[14,151594,919],{},[47,151596,151597],{"className":49,"code":151565,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,151598,151599],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151600,151601,151603,151605,151607],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151602,48472],{"class":989},[56,151604,67],{"class":66},[56,151606,198],{"class":79},[56,151608,241],{"class":66},[14,151610,29187],{},[47,151612,151613],{"className":49,"code":63177,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,151614,151615],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151616,151617,151619,151621,151623,151625,151627,151629,151631,151633],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151618,1096],{"class":989},[56,151620,971],{"class":66},[56,151622,1389],{"class":937},[56,151624,254],{"class":941},[56,151626,1394],{"class":937},[56,151628,24121],{"class":989},[56,151630,7580],{"class":75},[56,151632,7583],{"class":75},[56,151634,63200],{"class":284},[14,151636,151637,151638,497],{},"If you see this, read ",[372,151639,61814],{"href":52120},[615,151641,151643],{"id":151642},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[14,151645,151646],{},"This code:",[47,151648,151650],{"className":49,"code":151649,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[18,151651,151652],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151653,151654,151656,151658,151660,151662,151664],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151655,48472],{"class":989},[56,151657,67],{"class":66},[56,151659,938],{"class":937},[56,151661,3309],{"class":941},[56,151663,938],{"class":937},[56,151665,241],{"class":66},[14,151667,151668],{},"returns:",[47,151670,151672],{"className":49,"code":151671,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[18,151673,151674],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151675,151676,151678,151680,151682,151684,151686,151688,151690,151692,151694,151696,151698,151700,151702,151704,151706,151708,151710,151712,151714,151716],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151677,67],{"class":66},[56,151679,1394],{"class":937},[56,151681,59961],{"class":941},[56,151683,1394],{"class":937},[56,151685,1080],{"class":66},[56,151687,1389],{"class":937},[56,151689,59970],{"class":941},[56,151691,1394],{"class":937},[56,151693,1080],{"class":66},[56,151695,1389],{"class":937},[56,151697,59979],{"class":941},[56,151699,1394],{"class":937},[56,151701,1080],{"class":66},[56,151703,1389],{"class":937},[56,151705,59979],{"class":941},[56,151707,1394],{"class":937},[56,151709,1080],{"class":66},[56,151711,1389],{"class":937},[56,151713,59996],{"class":941},[56,151715,1394],{"class":937},[56,151717,241],{"class":66},[14,151719,40421,151720,151722],{},[3205,151721,4101],{}," return:",[47,151724,151726],{"className":49,"code":151725,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('hello',)\n",[18,151727,151728],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151729,151730,151732,151734,151736,151738],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151731,67],{"class":66},[56,151733,1394],{"class":937},[56,151735,3309],{"class":941},[56,151737,1394],{"class":937},[56,151739,148869],{"class":66},[14,151741,151742],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[47,151744,151746],{"className":49,"code":151745,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[18,151747,151748,151765],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151749,151750,151753,151755,151757,151759,151761,151763],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151751,151752],{"class":284},"single ",[56,151754,288],{"class":75},[56,151756,8724],{"class":66},[56,151758,938],{"class":937},[56,151760,3309],{"class":941},[56,151762,938],{"class":937},[56,151764,148869],{"class":66},[56,151766,151767,151769,151771,151774],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,151768,63],{"class":62},[56,151770,67],{"class":66},[56,151772,151773],{"class":237},"single",[56,151775,241],{"class":66},[615,151777,151779],{"id":151778},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[14,151781,151646],{},[47,151783,151785],{"className":49,"code":151784,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[18,151786,151787,151819],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151788,151789,151791,151793,151795,151797,151799,151801,151803,151805,151807,151809,151811,151813,151815,151817],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151790,8653],{"class":284},[56,151792,288],{"class":75},[56,151794,9980],{"class":66},[56,151796,938],{"class":937},[56,151798,372],{"class":941},[56,151800,938],{"class":937},[56,151802,971],{"class":66},[56,151804,4973],{"class":79},[56,151806,1080],{"class":66},[56,151808,1448],{"class":937},[56,151810,4232],{"class":941},[56,151812,938],{"class":937},[56,151814,971],{"class":66},[56,151816,1083],{"class":79},[56,151818,8797],{"class":66},[56,151820,151821,151823,151825,151827,151829,151831],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,151822,63],{"class":62},[56,151824,67],{"class":66},[56,151826,48472],{"class":989},[56,151828,67],{"class":66},[56,151830,8692],{"class":237},[56,151832,83],{"class":66},[14,151834,151835],{},"returns only the keys:",[47,151837,151839],{"className":49,"code":151838,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('a', 'b')\n",[18,151840,151841],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151842,151843,151845,151847,151849,151851,151853,151855,151857,151859],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151844,67],{"class":66},[56,151846,1394],{"class":937},[56,151848,372],{"class":941},[56,151850,1394],{"class":937},[56,151852,1080],{"class":66},[56,151854,1389],{"class":937},[56,151856,4232],{"class":941},[56,151858,1394],{"class":937},[56,151860,241],{"class":66},[14,151862,151863],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[47,151865,151867],{"className":49,"code":151866,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[18,151868,151869],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151870,151871,151873,151875,151877,151879,151881,151883,151885],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151872,63],{"class":62},[56,151874,67],{"class":66},[56,151876,48472],{"class":989},[56,151878,67],{"class":66},[56,151880,8692],{"class":237},[56,151882,497],{"class":66},[56,151884,7292],{"class":237},[56,151886,5767],{"class":66},[615,151888,151890],{"id":151889},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[14,151892,151893,151894,151896],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[18,151895,37560],{}," conversion.",[14,151898,4947],{},[47,151900,151902],{"className":49,"code":151901,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[18,151903,151904,151924],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,151905,151906,151908,151910,151912,151914,151916,151918,151920,151922],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,151907,524],{"class":284},[56,151909,288],{"class":75},[56,151911,8724],{"class":66},[56,151913,1077],{"class":79},[56,151915,1080],{"class":66},[56,151917,1083],{"class":79},[56,151919,1080],{"class":66},[56,151921,529],{"class":79},[56,151923,241],{"class":66},[56,151925,151926,151928,151930,151932],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,151927,63],{"class":62},[56,151929,67],{"class":66},[56,151931,551],{"class":237},[56,151933,241],{"class":66},[14,151935,151936],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[14,151938,25010,151939,151941],{},[18,151940,37560],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[42,151943,1553],{"id":1552},[615,151945,151947],{"id":151946},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[14,151949,151950],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[615,151952,151954],{"id":151953},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[14,151956,151957,151958,497],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[18,151959,6846],{},[615,151961,151963],{"id":151962},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[14,151965,151966],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[615,151968,151970],{"id":151969},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[14,151972,151973],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[615,151975,151977],{"id":151976},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[14,151979,151980,151981,497],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[18,151982,1096],{},[42,151984,1601],{"id":1600},[26,151986,151987,151991,151995,151999,152003,152007],{},[29,151988,151989],{},[372,151990,147513],{"href":147512},[29,151992,151993],{},[372,151994,150440],{"href":148816},[29,151996,151997],{},[372,151998,104577],{"href":59578},[29,152000,152001],{},[372,152002,151169],{"href":151168},[29,152004,152005],{},[372,152006,63073],{"href":63072},[29,152008,152009],{},[372,152010,61814],{"href":52120},[1633,152012,152013],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":152015},[152016,152017,152018,152019,152020,152027,152028,152029,152030,152036,152043],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":150643,"depth":86,"text":150644},{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":149189,"depth":86,"text":149190},{"id":150812,"depth":86,"text":150813,"children":152021},[152022,152023,152024,152025,152026],{"id":150816,"depth":102,"text":150817},{"id":150904,"depth":102,"text":150905},{"id":151003,"depth":102,"text":151004},{"id":151083,"depth":102,"text":151084},{"id":151172,"depth":102,"text":151173},{"id":151277,"depth":86,"text":151278},{"id":151447,"depth":86,"text":151448},{"id":151541,"depth":86,"text":151542},{"id":114841,"depth":86,"text":114842,"children":152031},[152032,152033,152034,152035],{"id":151591,"depth":102,"text":151592},{"id":151642,"depth":102,"text":151643},{"id":151778,"depth":102,"text":151779},{"id":151889,"depth":102,"text":151890},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":152037},[152038,152039,152040,152041,152042],{"id":151946,"depth":102,"text":151947},{"id":151953,"depth":102,"text":151954},{"id":151962,"depth":102,"text":151963},{"id":151969,"depth":102,"text":151970},{"id":151976,"depth":102,"text":151977},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150498,"description":152044},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152051,"title":152052,"body":152053,"description":153466,"extension":1665,"meta":153467,"navigation":316,"path":153468,"seo":153469,"stem":153470,"__hash__":153471},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152054,"toc":153438},[152055,152060,152065,152068,152070,152149,152155,152160,152164,152179,152181,152228,152230,152238,152246,152252,152254,152259,152279,152282,152309,152311,152335,152337,152479,152481,152485,152493,152496,152498,152575,152577,152585,152589,152593,152603,152613,152615,152620,152622,152681,152686,152688,152788,152790,152804,152809,152815,152822,152825,152827,152937,152941,152958,152960,153023,153025,153033,153045,153049,153054,153082,153085,153167,153169,153180,153182,153186,153213,153215,153217,153297,153305,153307,153362,153364,153369,153372,153376,153380,153382,153386,153390,153398,153405,153408,153410,153435],[10,152056,147397,152058,10814],{"id":152057},"python-tuple-index-method",[18,152059,58490],{},[14,152061,152062,152064],{},[18,152063,148718],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[14,152066,152067],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[42,152069,45],{"id":44},[47,152071,152073],{"className":49,"code":152072,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[18,152074,152075,152115,152137],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152076,152077,152079,152081,152083,152085,152087,152089,152091,152093,152095,152097,152099,152101,152103,152105,152107,152109,152111,152113],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152078,12572],{"class":284},[56,152080,288],{"class":75},[56,152082,8724],{"class":66},[56,152084,938],{"class":937},[56,152086,12589],{"class":941},[56,152088,938],{"class":937},[56,152090,1080],{"class":66},[56,152092,1448],{"class":937},[56,152094,12606],{"class":941},[56,152096,938],{"class":937},[56,152098,1080],{"class":66},[56,152100,1448],{"class":937},[56,152102,16956],{"class":941},[56,152104,938],{"class":937},[56,152106,1080],{"class":66},[56,152108,1448],{"class":937},[56,152110,12606],{"class":941},[56,152112,938],{"class":937},[56,152114,241],{"class":66},[56,152116,152117,152119,152121,152123,152125,152127,152129,152131,152133,152135],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,152118,64443],{"class":284},[56,152120,288],{"class":75},[56,152122,12620],{"class":284},[56,152124,497],{"class":66},[56,152126,35357],{"class":237},[56,152128,67],{"class":66},[56,152130,938],{"class":937},[56,152132,12606],{"class":941},[56,152134,938],{"class":937},[56,152136,241],{"class":66},[56,152138,152139,152141,152143,152145,152147],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,152140,63],{"class":62},[56,152142,67],{"class":66},[56,152144,64470],{"class":237},[56,152146,3120],{"class":66},[56,152148,27285],{"class":3123},[14,152150,152151,152154],{},[18,152152,152153],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[42,152156,3138,152158,3141],{"id":152157},"what-tupleindex-does",[18,152159,148718],{},[14,152161,16,152162,10905],{},[18,152163,58490],{},[26,152165,152166,152169,152171,152174],{},[29,152167,152168],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[29,152170,127995],{},[29,152172,152173],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[29,152175,152176,152177],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[18,152178,181],{},[14,152180,274],{},[47,152182,152184],{"className":49,"code":152183,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[18,152185,152186,152210],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152187,152188,152190,152192,152194,152196,152198,152200,152202,152204,152206,152208],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152189,3075],{"class":284},[56,152191,288],{"class":75},[56,152193,8724],{"class":66},[56,152195,406],{"class":79},[56,152197,1080],{"class":66},[56,152199,7272],{"class":79},[56,152201,1080],{"class":66},[56,152203,7277],{"class":79},[56,152205,1080],{"class":66},[56,152207,7272],{"class":79},[56,152209,241],{"class":66},[56,152211,152212,152214,152216,152218,152220,152222,152224,152226],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,152213,63],{"class":62},[56,152215,67],{"class":66},[56,152217,3107],{"class":237},[56,152219,497],{"class":66},[56,152221,35357],{"class":237},[56,152223,67],{"class":66},[56,152225,15253],{"class":79},[56,152227,83],{"class":66},[14,152229,130],{},[47,152231,152232],{"className":49,"code":46435,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,152233,152234],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152235,152236],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152237,46435],{"class":79},[14,152239,20480,152240,152242,152243,152245],{},[18,152241,15253],{}," appears twice, ",[18,152244,58490],{}," returns only the first match.",[14,152247,150664,152248,497],{},[372,152249,152251],{"href":152250},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[42,152253,220],{"id":219},[14,152255,7244,152256,152258],{},[18,152257,58490],{}," in two ways:",[47,152260,152262],{"className":49,"code":152261,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[18,152263,152264],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152265,152266,152269,152271,152273,152275,152277],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152267,152268],{"class":284},"tuple_name",[56,152270,497],{"class":66},[56,152272,35357],{"class":237},[56,152274,67],{"class":66},[56,152276,551],{"class":237},[56,152278,241],{"class":66},[14,152280,152281],{},"or:",[47,152283,152285],{"className":49,"code":152284,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[18,152286,152287],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152288,152289,152291,152293,152295,152297,152299,152301,152303,152305,152307],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152290,152268],{"class":284},[56,152292,497],{"class":66},[56,152294,35357],{"class":237},[56,152296,67],{"class":66},[56,152298,551],{"class":237},[56,152300,1080],{"class":66},[56,152302,35563],{"class":237},[56,152304,1080],{"class":66},[56,152306,64564],{"class":237},[56,152308,241],{"class":66},[615,152310,16895],{"id":16894},[26,152312,152313,152318,152323,152328],{},[29,152314,152315,152317],{},[18,152316,551],{}," — the item to search for",[29,152319,152320,152322],{},[18,152321,35584],{}," — optional starting position",[29,152324,152325,152327],{},[18,152326,52181],{}," — optional ending position",[29,152329,152330,4255,152332,152334],{},[18,152331,52181],{},[3205,152333,64593],{}," in the search",[14,152336,274],{},[47,152338,152340],{"className":49,"code":152339,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[18,152341,152342,152390,152394,152419,152447],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152343,152344,152346,152348,152350,152352,152354,152356,152358,152360,152362,152364,152366,152368,152370,152372,152374,152376,152378,152380,152382,152384,152386,152388],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152345,35602],{"class":284},[56,152347,288],{"class":75},[56,152349,8724],{"class":66},[56,152351,938],{"class":937},[56,152353,372],{"class":941},[56,152355,938],{"class":937},[56,152357,1080],{"class":66},[56,152359,1448],{"class":937},[56,152361,4232],{"class":941},[56,152363,938],{"class":937},[56,152365,1080],{"class":66},[56,152367,1448],{"class":937},[56,152369,9228],{"class":941},[56,152371,938],{"class":937},[56,152373,1080],{"class":66},[56,152375,1448],{"class":937},[56,152377,4232],{"class":941},[56,152379,938],{"class":937},[56,152381,1080],{"class":66},[56,152383,1448],{"class":937},[56,152385,18269],{"class":941},[56,152387,938],{"class":937},[56,152389,241],{"class":66},[56,152391,152392],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,152393,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,152395,152396,152398,152400,152402,152404,152406,152408,152410,152412,152414,152416],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,152397,63],{"class":62},[56,152399,67],{"class":66},[56,152401,35655],{"class":237},[56,152403,497],{"class":66},[56,152405,35357],{"class":237},[56,152407,67],{"class":66},[56,152409,938],{"class":937},[56,152411,4232],{"class":941},[56,152413,938],{"class":937},[56,152415,4836],{"class":66},[56,152417,152418],{"class":3123},"        # 1\n",[56,152420,152421,152423,152425,152427,152429,152431,152433,152435,152437,152439,152441,152443,152445],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,152422,63],{"class":62},[56,152424,67],{"class":66},[56,152426,35655],{"class":237},[56,152428,497],{"class":66},[56,152430,35357],{"class":237},[56,152432,67],{"class":66},[56,152434,938],{"class":937},[56,152436,4232],{"class":941},[56,152438,938],{"class":937},[56,152440,1080],{"class":66},[56,152442,1083],{"class":79},[56,152444,4836],{"class":66},[56,152446,50438],{"class":3123},[56,152448,152449,152451,152453,152455,152457,152459,152461,152463,152465,152467,152469,152471,152473,152475,152477],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,152450,63],{"class":62},[56,152452,67],{"class":66},[56,152454,35655],{"class":237},[56,152456,497],{"class":66},[56,152458,35357],{"class":237},[56,152460,67],{"class":66},[56,152462,938],{"class":937},[56,152464,4232],{"class":941},[56,152466,938],{"class":937},[56,152468,1080],{"class":66},[56,152470,4973],{"class":79},[56,152472,1080],{"class":66},[56,152474,529],{"class":79},[56,152476,4836],{"class":66},[56,152478,27285],{"class":3123},[42,152480,102904],{"id":102903},[14,152482,152483,25013],{},[18,152484,148718],{},[26,152486,152487,152490],{},[29,152488,152489],{},"An integer",[29,152491,152492],{},"The position of the first matching item",[14,152494,152495],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[14,152497,274],{},[47,152499,152501],{"className":49,"code":152500,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[18,152502,152503,152543,152565],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152504,152505,152507,152509,152511,152513,152515,152517,152519,152521,152523,152525,152527,152529,152531,152533,152535,152537,152539,152541],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152506,108003],{"class":284},[56,152508,288],{"class":75},[56,152510,8724],{"class":66},[56,152512,938],{"class":937},[56,152514,36560],{"class":941},[56,152516,938],{"class":937},[56,152518,1080],{"class":66},[56,152520,1448],{"class":937},[56,152522,57649],{"class":941},[56,152524,938],{"class":937},[56,152526,1080],{"class":66},[56,152528,1448],{"class":937},[56,152530,57666],{"class":941},[56,152532,938],{"class":937},[56,152534,1080],{"class":66},[56,152536,1448],{"class":937},[56,152538,57649],{"class":941},[56,152540,938],{"class":937},[56,152542,241],{"class":66},[56,152544,152545,152547,152549,152551,152553,152555,152557,152559,152561,152563],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,152546,299],{"class":284},[56,152548,288],{"class":75},[56,152550,108046],{"class":284},[56,152552,497],{"class":66},[56,152554,35357],{"class":237},[56,152556,67],{"class":66},[56,152558,938],{"class":937},[56,152560,57649],{"class":941},[56,152562,938],{"class":937},[56,152564,241],{"class":66},[56,152566,152567,152569,152571,152573],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,152568,63],{"class":62},[56,152570,67],{"class":66},[56,152572,338],{"class":237},[56,152574,241],{"class":66},[14,152576,130],{},[47,152578,152579],{"className":49,"code":46435,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,152580,152581],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152582,152583],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152584,46435],{"class":79},[42,152586,152588],{"id":152587},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[14,152590,153,152591,10091],{},[18,152592,148718],{},[26,152594,152595,152597,152600],{},[29,152596,65622],{},[29,152598,152599],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[29,152601,152602],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[14,152604,152605,152606,152609,152610,497],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[18,152607,152608],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[372,152611,149186],{"href":152612},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[42,152614,65154],{"id":65153},[14,152616,152617,152618,497],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[18,152619,40219],{},[14,152621,274],{},[47,152623,152625],{"className":49,"code":152624,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[18,152626,152627,152659],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152628,152629,152631,152633,152635,152637,152639,152641,152643,152645,152647,152649,152651,152653,152655,152657],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152630,12572],{"class":284},[56,152632,288],{"class":75},[56,152634,8724],{"class":66},[56,152636,938],{"class":937},[56,152638,12589],{"class":941},[56,152640,938],{"class":937},[56,152642,1080],{"class":66},[56,152644,1448],{"class":937},[56,152646,12606],{"class":941},[56,152648,938],{"class":937},[56,152650,1080],{"class":66},[56,152652,1448],{"class":937},[56,152654,16956],{"class":941},[56,152656,938],{"class":937},[56,152658,241],{"class":66},[56,152660,152661,152663,152665,152667,152669,152671,152673,152675,152677,152679],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,152662,63],{"class":62},[56,152664,67],{"class":66},[56,152666,17003],{"class":237},[56,152668,497],{"class":66},[56,152670,35357],{"class":237},[56,152672,67],{"class":66},[56,152674,938],{"class":937},[56,152676,22027],{"class":941},[56,152678,938],{"class":937},[56,152680,83],{"class":66},[14,152682,39168,152683,152685],{},[18,152684,109328],{}," is not in the tuple.",[14,152687,65229],{},[47,152689,152691],{"className":49,"code":152690,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[18,152692,152693,152725,152729,152745,152767,152773],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152694,152695,152697,152699,152701,152703,152705,152707,152709,152711,152713,152715,152717,152719,152721,152723],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152696,12572],{"class":284},[56,152698,288],{"class":75},[56,152700,8724],{"class":66},[56,152702,938],{"class":937},[56,152704,12589],{"class":941},[56,152706,938],{"class":937},[56,152708,1080],{"class":66},[56,152710,1448],{"class":937},[56,152712,12606],{"class":941},[56,152714,938],{"class":937},[56,152716,1080],{"class":66},[56,152718,1448],{"class":937},[56,152720,16956],{"class":941},[56,152722,938],{"class":937},[56,152724,241],{"class":66},[56,152726,152727],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,152728,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,152730,152731,152733,152735,152737,152739,152741,152743],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,152732,6477],{"class":3341},[56,152734,1448],{"class":937},[56,152736,22027],{"class":941},[56,152738,938],{"class":937},[56,152740,20676],{"class":75},[56,152742,12620],{"class":284},[56,152744,5871],{"class":66},[56,152746,152747,152749,152751,152753,152755,152757,152759,152761,152763,152765],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,152748,7552],{"class":62},[56,152750,67],{"class":66},[56,152752,17003],{"class":237},[56,152754,497],{"class":66},[56,152756,35357],{"class":237},[56,152758,67],{"class":66},[56,152760,938],{"class":937},[56,152762,22027],{"class":941},[56,152764,938],{"class":937},[56,152766,83],{"class":66},[56,152768,152769,152771],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,152770,26939],{"class":3341},[56,152772,5871],{"class":66},[56,152774,152775,152777,152779,152781,152784,152786],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,152776,7552],{"class":62},[56,152778,67],{"class":66},[56,152780,938],{"class":937},[56,152782,152783],{"class":941},"Value not found",[56,152785,938],{"class":937},[56,152787,241],{"class":66},[14,152789,130],{},[47,152791,152793],{"className":49,"code":152792,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Value not found\n",[18,152794,152795],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152796,152797,152800,152802],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152798,152799],{"class":284},"Value ",[56,152801,4101],{"class":75},[56,152803,65353],{"class":284},[14,152805,152806,152807,497],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[372,152808,65363],{"href":65362},[42,152810,7902,152811,3862,152813],{"id":64930},[18,152812,35584],{},[18,152814,52181],{},[14,152816,16,152817,3862,152819,152821],{},[18,152818,35584],{},[18,152820,52181],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[14,152823,152824],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[14,152826,274],{},[47,152828,152830],{"className":49,"code":152829,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[18,152831,152832,152860,152864,152885,152909],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152833,152834,152836,152838,152840,152842,152844,152846,152848,152850,152852,152854,152856,152858],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152835,3286],{"class":284},[56,152837,288],{"class":75},[56,152839,8724],{"class":66},[56,152841,198],{"class":79},[56,152843,1080],{"class":66},[56,152845,5481],{"class":79},[56,152847,1080],{"class":66},[56,152849,4075],{"class":79},[56,152851,1080],{"class":66},[56,152853,7272],{"class":79},[56,152855,1080],{"class":66},[56,152857,4075],{"class":79},[56,152859,241],{"class":66},[56,152861,152862],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,152863,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,152865,152866,152868,152870,152872,152874,152876,152878,152880,152882],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,152867,63],{"class":62},[56,152869,67],{"class":66},[56,152871,4833],{"class":237},[56,152873,497],{"class":66},[56,152875,35357],{"class":237},[56,152877,67],{"class":66},[56,152879,198],{"class":79},[56,152881,4836],{"class":66},[56,152883,152884],{"class":3123},"        # 0\n",[56,152886,152887,152889,152891,152893,152895,152897,152899,152901,152903,152905,152907],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,152888,63],{"class":62},[56,152890,67],{"class":66},[56,152892,4833],{"class":237},[56,152894,497],{"class":66},[56,152896,35357],{"class":237},[56,152898,67],{"class":66},[56,152900,198],{"class":79},[56,152902,1080],{"class":66},[56,152904,4973],{"class":79},[56,152906,4836],{"class":66},[56,152908,50472],{"class":3123},[56,152910,152911,152913,152915,152917,152919,152921,152923,152925,152927,152929,152931,152933,152935],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,152912,63],{"class":62},[56,152914,67],{"class":66},[56,152916,4833],{"class":237},[56,152918,497],{"class":66},[56,152920,35357],{"class":237},[56,152922,67],{"class":66},[56,152924,198],{"class":79},[56,152926,1080],{"class":66},[56,152928,529],{"class":79},[56,152930,1080],{"class":66},[56,152932,4075],{"class":79},[56,152934,4836],{"class":66},[56,152936,50455],{"class":3123},[615,152938,152940],{"id":152939},"how-it-works","How it works",[26,152942,152943,152948,152953],{},[29,152944,152945,152947],{},[18,152946,35584],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[29,152949,152950,152952],{},[18,152951,52181],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[29,152954,16,152955,152957],{},[18,152956,52181],{}," position itself is not included",[14,152959,274],{},[47,152961,152963],{"className":49,"code":152962,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[18,152964,152965,152993,152997],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,152966,152967,152969,152971,152973,152975,152977,152979,152981,152983,152985,152987,152989,152991],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,152968,3286],{"class":284},[56,152970,288],{"class":75},[56,152972,8724],{"class":66},[56,152974,198],{"class":79},[56,152976,1080],{"class":66},[56,152978,5481],{"class":79},[56,152980,1080],{"class":66},[56,152982,4075],{"class":79},[56,152984,1080],{"class":66},[56,152986,7272],{"class":79},[56,152988,1080],{"class":66},[56,152990,4075],{"class":79},[56,152992,241],{"class":66},[56,152994,152995],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,152996,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,152998,152999,153001,153003,153005,153007,153009,153011,153013,153015,153017,153019,153021],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,153000,63],{"class":62},[56,153002,67],{"class":66},[56,153004,4833],{"class":237},[56,153006,497],{"class":66},[56,153008,35357],{"class":237},[56,153010,67],{"class":66},[56,153012,198],{"class":79},[56,153014,1080],{"class":66},[56,153016,4973],{"class":79},[56,153018,1080],{"class":66},[56,153020,535],{"class":79},[56,153022,83],{"class":66},[14,153024,130],{},[47,153026,153027],{"className":49,"code":16556,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,153028,153029],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153030,153031],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153032,16556],{"class":79},[14,153034,153035,153036,255,153038,16572,153040,153042,153043,497],{},"Python searches positions ",[18,153037,1077],{},[18,153039,115],{},[18,153041,121],{},", but not ",[18,153044,584],{},[42,153046,153048],{"id":153047},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[14,153050,153051,153052,971],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[18,153053,148718],{},[26,153055,153056,153064,153069,153076],{},[29,153057,153058,153059,153061,153062],{},"Do not confuse the ",[3205,153060,551],{}," with the ",[3205,153063,35357],{},[29,153065,153066,153067],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[18,153068,181],{},[29,153070,153,153071,153075],{},[372,153072,148744,153073,10231],{"href":148796},[18,153074,56812],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[29,153077,153078,153079,153081],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[18,153080,152608],{}," when you already know the position",[14,153083,153084],{},"Example of value vs index:",[47,153086,153088],{"className":49,"code":153087,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[18,153089,153090,153122,153126,153150],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153091,153092,153094,153096,153098,153100,153102,153104,153106,153108,153110,153112,153114,153116,153118,153120],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153093,35751],{"class":284},[56,153095,288],{"class":75},[56,153097,8724],{"class":66},[56,153099,938],{"class":937},[56,153101,3546],{"class":941},[56,153103,938],{"class":937},[56,153105,1080],{"class":66},[56,153107,1448],{"class":937},[56,153109,3555],{"class":941},[56,153111,938],{"class":937},[56,153113,1080],{"class":66},[56,153115,1448],{"class":937},[56,153117,32729],{"class":941},[56,153119,938],{"class":937},[56,153121,241],{"class":66},[56,153123,153124],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,153125,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,153127,153128,153130,153132,153134,153136,153138,153140,153142,153144,153146,153148],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,153129,63],{"class":62},[56,153131,67],{"class":66},[56,153133,35803],{"class":237},[56,153135,497],{"class":66},[56,153137,35357],{"class":237},[56,153139,67],{"class":66},[56,153141,938],{"class":937},[56,153143,3555],{"class":941},[56,153145,938],{"class":937},[56,153147,4836],{"class":66},[56,153149,27285],{"class":3123},[56,153151,153152,153154,153156,153158,153160,153162,153164],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,153153,63],{"class":62},[56,153155,67],{"class":66},[56,153157,35803],{"class":237},[56,153159,3366],{"class":66},[56,153161,1077],{"class":79},[56,153163,19948],{"class":66},[56,153165,153166],{"class":3123},"               # banana\n",[14,153168,244],{},[26,153170,153171,153175],{},[29,153172,153173,14745],{},[18,153174,64798],{},[29,153176,153177,153179],{},[18,153178,1077],{}," is the index",[42,153181,912],{"id":911},[14,153183,105642,153184,971],{},[18,153185,148718],{},[26,153187,153188,153191,153196,153201,153208],{},[29,153189,153190],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[29,153192,7938,153193,153195],{},[18,153194,58490],{}," to return all matching positions",[29,153197,153198,153199],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[18,153200,181],{},[29,153202,153203,153204,3862,153206],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[18,153205,35584],{},[18,153207,52181],{},[29,153209,36717,153210,153212],{},[18,153211,148718],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[615,153214,60233],{"id":60232},[14,153216,93904],{},[47,153218,153220],{"className":49,"code":153219,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[18,153221,153222,153232,153246,153261,153279],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153223,153224,153226,153228,153230],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153225,63],{"class":62},[56,153227,67],{"class":66},[56,153229,147531],{"class":237},[56,153231,241],{"class":66},[56,153233,153234,153236,153238,153240,153242,153244],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,153235,63],{"class":62},[56,153237,67],{"class":66},[56,153239,10653],{"class":62},[56,153241,67],{"class":66},[56,153243,147531],{"class":237},[56,153245,83],{"class":66},[56,153247,153248,153250,153252,153254,153256,153259],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,153249,63],{"class":62},[56,153251,67],{"class":66},[56,153253,524],{"class":237},[56,153255,3348],{"class":3341},[56,153257,153258],{"class":237}," my_tuple",[56,153260,241],{"class":66},[56,153262,153263,153265,153267,153269,153271,153273,153275,153277],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,153264,63],{"class":62},[56,153266,67],{"class":66},[56,153268,147531],{"class":237},[56,153270,497],{"class":66},[56,153272,40775],{"class":237},[56,153274,67],{"class":66},[56,153276,551],{"class":237},[56,153278,83],{"class":66},[56,153280,153281,153283,153285,153287,153289,153291,153293,153295],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,153282,63],{"class":62},[56,153284,67],{"class":66},[56,153286,147531],{"class":237},[56,153288,497],{"class":66},[56,153290,35357],{"class":237},[56,153292,67],{"class":66},[56,153294,551],{"class":237},[56,153296,83],{"class":66},[14,153298,153299,153300,83921,153302,153304],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[18,153301,40219],{},[18,153303,551],{}," is missing.",[14,153306,129148],{},[47,153308,153310],{"className":49,"code":153309,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[18,153311,153312,153324,153342,153348],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153313,153314,153316,153318,153320,153322],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153315,6477],{"class":3341},[56,153317,21087],{"class":284},[56,153319,3348],{"class":75},[56,153321,153258],{"class":284},[56,153323,5871],{"class":66},[56,153325,153326,153328,153330,153332,153334,153336,153338,153340],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,153327,7552],{"class":62},[56,153329,67],{"class":66},[56,153331,147531],{"class":237},[56,153333,497],{"class":66},[56,153335,35357],{"class":237},[56,153337,67],{"class":66},[56,153339,551],{"class":237},[56,153341,83],{"class":66},[56,153343,153344,153346],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,153345,26939],{"class":3341},[56,153347,5871],{"class":66},[56,153349,153350,153352,153354,153356,153358,153360],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,153351,7552],{"class":62},[56,153353,67],{"class":66},[56,153355,938],{"class":937},[56,153357,152783],{"class":941},[56,153359,938],{"class":937},[56,153361,241],{"class":66},[42,153363,1553],{"id":1552},[615,153365,4615,153367,12211],{"id":153366},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[18,153368,148718],{},[14,153370,153371],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[615,153373,153375],{"id":153374},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[14,153377,153378,152245],{},[18,153379,148718],{},[615,153381,148697],{"id":148696},[14,153383,76382,153384,497],{},[18,153385,40219],{},[615,153387,153389],{"id":153388},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[14,153391,153392,153393,3862,153395,153397],{},"Yes. You can use ",[18,153394,35584],{},[18,153396,52181],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[615,153399,14401,153401,56727,153403,571],{"id":153400},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[18,153402,148718],{},[18,153404,64389],{},[14,153406,153407],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[42,153409,1601],{"id":1600},[26,153411,153412,153418,153422,153427,153431],{},[29,153413,153414],{},[372,153415,148744,153416,10231],{"href":148796},[18,153417,56812],{},[29,153419,153420],{},[372,153421,149186],{"href":152612},[29,153423,153424],{},[372,153425,153426],{"href":150492},"Creating a tuple in Python",[29,153428,153429],{},[372,153430,65363],{"href":65362},[29,153432,153433],{},[372,153434,150440],{"href":152250},[1633,153436,153437],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":153439},[153440,153441,153443,153446,153447,153448,153449,153452,153453,153456,153465],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":152157,"depth":86,"text":153442},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220,"children":153444},[153445],{"id":16894,"depth":102,"text":16895},{"id":102903,"depth":86,"text":102904},{"id":152587,"depth":86,"text":152588},{"id":65153,"depth":86,"text":65154},{"id":64930,"depth":86,"text":65713,"children":153450},[153451],{"id":152939,"depth":102,"text":152940},{"id":153047,"depth":86,"text":153048},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912,"children":153454},[153455],{"id":60232,"depth":102,"text":60233},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":153457},[153458,153460,153461,153462,153463],{"id":153366,"depth":102,"text":153459},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153374,"depth":102,"text":153375},{"id":148696,"depth":102,"text":148697},{"id":153388,"depth":102,"text":153389},{"id":153400,"depth":102,"text":153464},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152052,"description":153466},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153473,"title":153474,"body":153475,"description":154870,"extension":1665,"meta":154871,"navigation":316,"path":152612,"seo":154872,"stem":154873,"__hash__":154874},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153476,"toc":154852},[153477,153480,153483,153486,153500,153502,153505,153599,153609,153615,153619,153622,153625,153627,153645,153647,153718,153720,153737,153741,153745,153748,153765,153768,153783,153785,153876,153879,153883,153886,153903,153905,154000,154003,154006,154010,154013,154107,154109,154128,154131,154135,154138,154140,154195,154197,154232,154235,154249,154257,154350,154359,154363,154366,154373,154376,154423,154425,154433,154436,154487,154489,154506,154511,154515,154518,154521,154523,154574,154577,154632,154635,154638,154640,154643,154663,154665,154738,154741,154754,154756,154760,154765,154769,154774,154791,154795,154798,154815,154819,154822,154824,154849],[10,153478,153474],{"id":153479},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[14,153481,153482],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[14,153484,153485],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[26,153487,153488,153491,153494,153497],{},[29,153489,153490],{},"positive indexes",[29,153492,153493],{},"negative indexes",[29,153495,153496],{},"common indexing mistakes",[29,153498,153499],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[42,153501,3065],{"id":3064},[14,153503,153504],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[47,153506,153508],{"className":49,"code":153507,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[18,153509,153510,153542,153546,153563,153580],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153511,153512,153514,153516,153518,153520,153522,153524,153526,153528,153530,153532,153534,153536,153538,153540],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153513,12572],{"class":284},[56,153515,288],{"class":75},[56,153517,8724],{"class":66},[56,153519,938],{"class":937},[56,153521,12589],{"class":941},[56,153523,938],{"class":937},[56,153525,1080],{"class":66},[56,153527,1448],{"class":937},[56,153529,16956],{"class":941},[56,153531,938],{"class":937},[56,153533,1080],{"class":66},[56,153535,1448],{"class":937},[56,153537,12606],{"class":941},[56,153539,938],{"class":937},[56,153541,241],{"class":66},[56,153543,153544],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,153545,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,153547,153548,153550,153552,153554,153556,153558,153560],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,153549,63],{"class":62},[56,153551,67],{"class":66},[56,153553,17003],{"class":237},[56,153555,3366],{"class":66},[56,153557,181],{"class":79},[56,153559,19948],{"class":66},[56,153561,153562],{"class":3123},"   # red\n",[56,153564,153565,153567,153569,153571,153573,153575,153577],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,153566,63],{"class":62},[56,153568,67],{"class":66},[56,153570,17003],{"class":237},[56,153572,3366],{"class":66},[56,153574,1077],{"class":79},[56,153576,19948],{"class":66},[56,153578,153579],{"class":3123},"   # green\n",[56,153581,153582,153584,153586,153588,153590,153592,153594,153596],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,153583,63],{"class":62},[56,153585,67],{"class":66},[56,153587,17003],{"class":237},[56,153589,3366],{"class":66},[56,153591,76],{"class":75},[56,153593,1077],{"class":79},[56,153595,19948],{"class":66},[56,153597,153598],{"class":3123},"  # blue\n",[26,153600,153601,153606],{},[29,153602,131937,153603,153605],{},[18,153604,181],{}," is the first item.",[29,153607,153608],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[14,153610,153611,153612,497],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[372,153613,153614],{"href":147516},"how to create a tuple in Python",[42,153616,153618],{"id":153617},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[14,153620,153621],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[14,153623,153624],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[14,153626,10951],{},[26,153628,153629,153632,153639,153642],{},[29,153630,153631],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[29,153633,153634,153635,18465,153637],{},"Python starts counting at ",[18,153636,181],{},[18,153638,1077],{},[29,153640,153641],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[29,153643,153644],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[14,153646,274],{},[47,153648,153650],{"className":49,"code":153649,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[18,153651,153652,153672,153676,153690,153704],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153653,153654,153656,153658,153660,153662,153664,153666,153668,153670],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153655,3075],{"class":284},[56,153657,288],{"class":75},[56,153659,8724],{"class":66},[56,153661,406],{"class":79},[56,153663,1080],{"class":66},[56,153665,7272],{"class":79},[56,153667,1080],{"class":66},[56,153669,7277],{"class":79},[56,153671,241],{"class":66},[56,153673,153674],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,153675,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,153677,153678,153680,153682,153684,153686,153688],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,153679,63],{"class":62},[56,153681,67],{"class":66},[56,153683,3107],{"class":237},[56,153685,3366],{"class":66},[56,153687,181],{"class":79},[56,153689,3354],{"class":66},[56,153691,153692,153694,153696,153698,153700,153702],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,153693,63],{"class":62},[56,153695,67],{"class":66},[56,153697,3107],{"class":237},[56,153699,3366],{"class":66},[56,153701,1077],{"class":79},[56,153703,3354],{"class":66},[56,153705,153706,153708,153710,153712,153714,153716],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,153707,63],{"class":62},[56,153709,67],{"class":66},[56,153711,3107],{"class":237},[56,153713,3366],{"class":66},[56,153715,115],{"class":79},[56,153717,3354],{"class":66},[14,153719,130],{},[47,153721,153723],{"className":49,"code":153722,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"10\n20\n30\n",[18,153724,153725,153729,153733],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153726,153727],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153728,452],{"class":79},[56,153730,153731],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,153732,70748],{"class":79},[56,153734,153735],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,153736,69364],{"class":79},[14,153738,58915,153739,497],{},[372,153740,147513],{"href":147512},[42,153742,153744],{"id":153743},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[14,153746,153747],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[26,153749,153750,153755,153760],{},[29,153751,153752,153754],{},[18,153753,181],{}," = first item",[29,153756,153757,153759],{},[18,153758,1077],{}," = second item",[29,153761,153762,153764],{},[18,153763,115],{}," = third item",[14,153766,153767],{},"Pattern:",[47,153769,153771],{"className":49,"code":153770,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tuple_name[index]\n",[18,153772,153773],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153774,153775,153777,153779,153781],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153776,152268],{"class":284},[56,153778,3366],{"class":66},[56,153780,35357],{"class":284},[56,153782,3093],{"class":66},[14,153784,274],{},[47,153786,153788],{"className":49,"code":153787,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[18,153789,153790,153822,153826,153843,153859],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153791,153792,153794,153796,153798,153800,153802,153804,153806,153808,153810,153812,153814,153816,153818,153820],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153793,35751],{"class":284},[56,153795,288],{"class":75},[56,153797,8724],{"class":66},[56,153799,938],{"class":937},[56,153801,3546],{"class":941},[56,153803,938],{"class":937},[56,153805,1080],{"class":66},[56,153807,1448],{"class":937},[56,153809,3555],{"class":941},[56,153811,938],{"class":937},[56,153813,1080],{"class":66},[56,153815,1448],{"class":937},[56,153817,3564],{"class":941},[56,153819,938],{"class":937},[56,153821,241],{"class":66},[56,153823,153824],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,153825,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,153827,153828,153830,153832,153834,153836,153838,153840],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,153829,63],{"class":62},[56,153831,67],{"class":66},[56,153833,35803],{"class":237},[56,153835,3366],{"class":66},[56,153837,181],{"class":79},[56,153839,19948],{"class":66},[56,153841,153842],{"class":3123},"  # apple\n",[56,153844,153845,153847,153849,153851,153853,153855,153857],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,153846,63],{"class":62},[56,153848,67],{"class":66},[56,153850,35803],{"class":237},[56,153852,3366],{"class":66},[56,153854,1077],{"class":79},[56,153856,19948],{"class":66},[56,153858,51006],{"class":3123},[56,153860,153861,153863,153865,153867,153869,153871,153873],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,153862,63],{"class":62},[56,153864,67],{"class":66},[56,153866,35803],{"class":237},[56,153868,3366],{"class":66},[56,153870,115],{"class":79},[56,153872,19948],{"class":66},[56,153874,153875],{"class":3123},"  # cherry\n",[14,153877,153878],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[42,153880,153882],{"id":153881},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[14,153884,153885],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[26,153887,153888,153893,153898],{},[29,153889,153890,153892],{},[18,153891,65378],{}," = last item",[29,153894,153895,153897],{},[18,153896,94934],{}," = second-to-last item",[29,153899,153900,153902],{},[18,153901,47189],{}," = third-to-last item",[14,153904,274],{},[47,153906,153908],{"className":49,"code":153907,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[18,153909,153910,153942,153946,153964,153982],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,153911,153912,153914,153916,153918,153920,153922,153924,153926,153928,153930,153932,153934,153936,153938,153940],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,153913,35751],{"class":284},[56,153915,288],{"class":75},[56,153917,8724],{"class":66},[56,153919,938],{"class":937},[56,153921,3546],{"class":941},[56,153923,938],{"class":937},[56,153925,1080],{"class":66},[56,153927,1448],{"class":937},[56,153929,3555],{"class":941},[56,153931,938],{"class":937},[56,153933,1080],{"class":66},[56,153935,1448],{"class":937},[56,153937,3564],{"class":941},[56,153939,938],{"class":937},[56,153941,241],{"class":66},[56,153943,153944],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,153945,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,153947,153948,153950,153952,153954,153956,153958,153960,153962],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,153949,63],{"class":62},[56,153951,67],{"class":66},[56,153953,35803],{"class":237},[56,153955,3366],{"class":66},[56,153957,76],{"class":75},[56,153959,1077],{"class":79},[56,153961,19948],{"class":66},[56,153963,153875],{"class":3123},[56,153965,153966,153968,153970,153972,153974,153976,153978,153980],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,153967,63],{"class":62},[56,153969,67],{"class":66},[56,153971,35803],{"class":237},[56,153973,3366],{"class":66},[56,153975,76],{"class":75},[56,153977,115],{"class":79},[56,153979,19948],{"class":66},[56,153981,51006],{"class":3123},[56,153983,153984,153986,153988,153990,153992,153994,153996,153998],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,153985,63],{"class":62},[56,153987,67],{"class":66},[56,153989,35803],{"class":237},[56,153991,3366],{"class":66},[56,153993,76],{"class":75},[56,153995,121],{"class":79},[56,153997,19948],{"class":66},[56,153999,153842],{"class":3123},[14,154001,154002],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[14,154004,154005],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[42,154007,154009],{"id":154008},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[14,154011,154012],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[47,154014,154016],{"className":49,"code":154015,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[18,154017,154018,154050,154054,154071,154088],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154019,154020,154022,154024,154026,154028,154030,154032,154034,154036,154038,154040,154042,154044,154046,154048],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154021,4467],{"class":284},[56,154023,288],{"class":75},[56,154025,8724],{"class":66},[56,154027,938],{"class":937},[56,154029,12376],{"class":941},[56,154031,938],{"class":937},[56,154033,1080],{"class":66},[56,154035,1448],{"class":937},[56,154037,35452],{"class":941},[56,154039,938],{"class":937},[56,154041,1080],{"class":66},[56,154043,1448],{"class":937},[56,154045,35461],{"class":941},[56,154047,938],{"class":937},[56,154049,241],{"class":66},[56,154051,154052],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,154053,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,154055,154056,154058,154060,154062,154064,154066,154068],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,154057,63],{"class":62},[56,154059,67],{"class":66},[56,154061,4511],{"class":237},[56,154063,3366],{"class":66},[56,154065,181],{"class":79},[56,154067,19948],{"class":66},[56,154069,154070],{"class":3123},"   # first item\n",[56,154072,154073,154075,154077,154079,154081,154083,154085],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,154074,63],{"class":62},[56,154076,67],{"class":66},[56,154078,4511],{"class":237},[56,154080,3366],{"class":66},[56,154082,1077],{"class":79},[56,154084,19948],{"class":66},[56,154086,154087],{"class":3123},"   # middle item\n",[56,154089,154090,154092,154094,154096,154098,154100,154102,154104],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,154091,63],{"class":62},[56,154093,67],{"class":66},[56,154095,4511],{"class":237},[56,154097,3366],{"class":66},[56,154099,76],{"class":75},[56,154101,1077],{"class":79},[56,154103,19948],{"class":66},[56,154105,154106],{"class":3123},"  # last item\n",[14,154108,130],{},[47,154110,154112],{"className":49,"code":154111,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[18,154113,154114,154118,154123],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154115,154116],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154117,49559],{"class":284},[56,154119,154120],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,154121,154122],{"class":284},"Ben\n",[56,154124,154125],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,154126,154127],{"class":284},"Cara\n",[14,154129,154130],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[42,154132,154134],{"id":154133},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[14,154136,154137],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[14,154139,274],{},[47,154141,154143],{"className":49,"code":154142,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[18,154144,154145,154177,154181],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154146,154147,154149,154151,154153,154155,154157,154159,154161,154163,154165,154167,154169,154171,154173,154175],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154148,35602],{"class":284},[56,154150,288],{"class":75},[56,154152,8724],{"class":66},[56,154154,938],{"class":937},[56,154156,372],{"class":941},[56,154158,938],{"class":937},[56,154160,1080],{"class":66},[56,154162,1448],{"class":937},[56,154164,4232],{"class":941},[56,154166,938],{"class":937},[56,154168,1080],{"class":66},[56,154170,1448],{"class":937},[56,154172,9228],{"class":941},[56,154174,938],{"class":937},[56,154176,241],{"class":66},[56,154178,154179],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,154180,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,154182,154183,154185,154187,154189,154191,154193],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,154184,63],{"class":62},[56,154186,67],{"class":66},[56,154188,35655],{"class":237},[56,154190,3366],{"class":66},[56,154192,198],{"class":79},[56,154194,3354],{"class":66},[14,154196,130],{},[47,154198,154200],{"className":49,"code":154199,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[18,154201,154202,154214,154219],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154203,154204,154207,154209,154212],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154205,154206],{"class":237},"Traceback ",[56,154208,67],{"class":66},[56,154210,154211],{"class":237},"most recent call last",[56,154213,7826],{"class":66},[56,154215,154216],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,154217,154218],{"class":33962},"  ...\n",[56,154220,154221,154223,154225,154227,154230],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,154222,70255],{"class":989},[56,154224,971],{"class":66},[56,154226,148879],{"class":989},[56,154228,154229],{"class":284}," index out of ",[56,154231,70447],{"class":62},[14,154233,154234],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[26,154236,154237,154241,154245],{},[29,154238,154239],{},[18,154240,181],{},[29,154242,154243],{},[18,154244,1077],{},[29,154246,154247],{},[18,154248,115],{},[14,154250,154251,154252,497],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[372,154253,154254,154256],{"href":148751},[18,154255,41877],{}," on a tuple",[47,154258,154260],{"className":49,"code":154259,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[18,154261,154262,154294,154298,154314,154318,154336],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154263,154264,154266,154268,154270,154272,154274,154276,154278,154280,154282,154284,154286,154288,154290,154292],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154265,35602],{"class":284},[56,154267,288],{"class":75},[56,154269,8724],{"class":66},[56,154271,938],{"class":937},[56,154273,372],{"class":941},[56,154275,938],{"class":937},[56,154277,1080],{"class":66},[56,154279,1448],{"class":937},[56,154281,4232],{"class":941},[56,154283,938],{"class":937},[56,154285,1080],{"class":66},[56,154287,1448],{"class":937},[56,154289,9228],{"class":941},[56,154291,938],{"class":937},[56,154293,241],{"class":66},[56,154295,154296],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,154297,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,154299,154300,154302,154304,154306,154308,154310,154312],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,154301,63],{"class":62},[56,154303,67],{"class":66},[56,154305,10653],{"class":62},[56,154307,67],{"class":66},[56,154309,35655],{"class":237},[56,154311,4836],{"class":66},[56,154313,50290],{"class":3123},[56,154315,154316],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,154317,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,154319,154320,154322,154324,154326,154328,154330,154332,154334],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,154321,6477],{"class":3341},[56,154323,37900],{"class":62},[56,154325,67],{"class":66},[56,154327,35655],{"class":237},[56,154329,3120],{"class":66},[56,154331,37910],{"class":75},[56,154333,1083],{"class":79},[56,154335,5871],{"class":66},[56,154337,154338,154340,154342,154344,154346,154348],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,154339,7552],{"class":62},[56,154341,67],{"class":66},[56,154343,35655],{"class":237},[56,154345,3366],{"class":66},[56,154347,115],{"class":79},[56,154349,3354],{"class":66},[14,154351,154352,154353,497],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[372,154354,25184,154356],{"href":154355},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[18,154357,154358],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[42,154360,154362],{"id":154361},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[14,154364,154365],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[26,154367,154368,154370],{},[29,154369,76399],{},[29,154371,154372],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[14,154374,154375],{},"Indexing example:",[47,154377,154379],{"className":49,"code":154378,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[18,154380,154381,154405,154409],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154382,154383,154385,154387,154389,154391,154393,154395,154397,154399,154401,154403],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154384,3075],{"class":284},[56,154386,288],{"class":75},[56,154388,8724],{"class":66},[56,154390,406],{"class":79},[56,154392,1080],{"class":66},[56,154394,7272],{"class":79},[56,154396,1080],{"class":66},[56,154398,7277],{"class":79},[56,154400,1080],{"class":66},[56,154402,50363],{"class":79},[56,154404,241],{"class":66},[56,154406,154407],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,154408,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,154410,154411,154413,154415,154417,154419,154421],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,154412,63],{"class":62},[56,154414,67],{"class":66},[56,154416,3107],{"class":237},[56,154418,3366],{"class":66},[56,154420,1077],{"class":79},[56,154422,3354],{"class":66},[14,154424,130],{},[47,154426,154427],{"className":49,"code":70748,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,154428,154429],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154430,154431],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154432,70748],{"class":79},[14,154434,154435],{},"Slicing example:",[47,154437,154439],{"className":49,"code":154438,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[18,154440,154441,154465,154469],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154442,154443,154445,154447,154449,154451,154453,154455,154457,154459,154461,154463],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154444,3075],{"class":284},[56,154446,288],{"class":75},[56,154448,8724],{"class":66},[56,154450,406],{"class":79},[56,154452,1080],{"class":66},[56,154454,7272],{"class":79},[56,154456,1080],{"class":66},[56,154458,7277],{"class":79},[56,154460,1080],{"class":66},[56,154462,50363],{"class":79},[56,154464,241],{"class":66},[56,154466,154467],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,154468,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,154470,154471,154473,154475,154477,154479,154481,154483,154485],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,154472,63],{"class":62},[56,154474,67],{"class":66},[56,154476,3107],{"class":237},[56,154478,3366],{"class":66},[56,154480,1077],{"class":79},[56,154482,971],{"class":66},[56,154484,121],{"class":79},[56,154486,3354],{"class":66},[14,154488,130],{},[47,154490,154492],{"className":49,"code":154491,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(20, 30)\n",[18,154493,154494],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154495,154496,154498,154500,154502,154504],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154497,67],{"class":66},[56,154499,15253],{"class":79},[56,154501,1080],{"class":66},[56,154503,7277],{"class":79},[56,154505,241],{"class":66},[14,154507,154508,154509,497],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[372,154510,150430],{"href":150429},[42,154512,154514],{"id":154513},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[14,154516,154517],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[14,154519,154520],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[14,154522,6167],{},[47,154524,154526],{"className":49,"code":154525,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[18,154527,154528,154560],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154529,154530,154532,154534,154536,154538,154540,154542,154544,154546,154548,154550,154552,154554,154556,154558],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154531,12572],{"class":284},[56,154533,288],{"class":75},[56,154535,8724],{"class":66},[56,154537,938],{"class":937},[56,154539,12589],{"class":941},[56,154541,938],{"class":937},[56,154543,1080],{"class":66},[56,154545,1448],{"class":937},[56,154547,16956],{"class":941},[56,154549,938],{"class":937},[56,154551,1080],{"class":66},[56,154553,1448],{"class":937},[56,154555,12606],{"class":941},[56,154557,938],{"class":937},[56,154559,241],{"class":66},[56,154561,154562,154564,154566,154568,154570,154572],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,154563,63],{"class":62},[56,154565,67],{"class":66},[56,154567,17003],{"class":237},[56,154569,3366],{"class":66},[56,154571,1077],{"class":79},[56,154573,3354],{"class":66},[14,154575,154576],{},"But this does not work:",[47,154578,154580],{"className":49,"code":154579,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[18,154581,154582,154614],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154583,154584,154586,154588,154590,154592,154594,154596,154598,154600,154602,154604,154606,154608,154610,154612],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154585,12572],{"class":284},[56,154587,288],{"class":75},[56,154589,8724],{"class":66},[56,154591,938],{"class":937},[56,154593,12589],{"class":941},[56,154595,938],{"class":937},[56,154597,1080],{"class":66},[56,154599,1448],{"class":937},[56,154601,16956],{"class":941},[56,154603,938],{"class":937},[56,154605,1080],{"class":66},[56,154607,1448],{"class":937},[56,154609,12606],{"class":941},[56,154611,938],{"class":937},[56,154613,241],{"class":66},[56,154615,154616,154618,154620,154622,154624,154626,154628,154630],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,154617,17003],{"class":284},[56,154619,3366],{"class":66},[56,154621,1077],{"class":79},[56,154623,12770],{"class":66},[56,154625,12773],{"class":75},[56,154627,1448],{"class":937},[56,154629,22027],{"class":941},[56,154631,1454],{"class":937},[14,154633,154634],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[14,154636,154637],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[42,154639,912],{"id":911},[14,154641,154642],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[26,154644,154645,154651,154654,154657],{},[29,154646,132241,154647,10583,154649],{},[18,154648,1077],{},[18,154650,181],{},[29,154652,154653],{},"Using an index that is too large",[29,154655,154656],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[29,154658,154659,154660],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[18,154661,154662],{},"tuple[index]",[14,154664,61818],{},[47,154666,154668],{"className":49,"code":154667,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[18,154669,154670,154680,154694,154708,154724],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154671,154672,154674,154676,154678],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154673,63],{"class":62},[56,154675,67],{"class":66},[56,154677,147531],{"class":237},[56,154679,241],{"class":66},[56,154681,154682,154684,154686,154688,154690,154692],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,154683,63],{"class":62},[56,154685,67],{"class":66},[56,154687,10653],{"class":62},[56,154689,67],{"class":66},[56,154691,147531],{"class":237},[56,154693,83],{"class":66},[56,154695,154696,154698,154700,154702,154704,154706],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,154697,63],{"class":62},[56,154699,67],{"class":66},[56,154701,147531],{"class":237},[56,154703,3366],{"class":66},[56,154705,181],{"class":79},[56,154707,3354],{"class":66},[56,154709,154710,154712,154714,154716,154718,154720,154722],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,154711,63],{"class":62},[56,154713,67],{"class":66},[56,154715,147531],{"class":237},[56,154717,3366],{"class":66},[56,154719,76],{"class":75},[56,154721,1077],{"class":79},[56,154723,3354],{"class":66},[56,154725,154726,154728,154730,154732,154734,154736],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,154727,63],{"class":62},[56,154729,67],{"class":66},[56,154731,1314],{"class":989},[56,154733,67],{"class":66},[56,154735,147531],{"class":237},[56,154737,83],{"class":66},[14,154739,154740],{},"These can help you confirm:",[26,154742,154743,154746,154748,154751],{},[29,154744,154745],{},"what the tuple contains",[29,154747,60307],{},[29,154749,154750],{},"what the first and last items are",[29,154752,154753],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[42,154755,1553],{"id":1552},[615,154757,154759],{"id":154758},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[14,154761,154762,154763,497],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[18,154764,181],{},[615,154766,154768],{"id":154767},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[14,154770,153,154771,154773],{},[18,154772,65378],{}," as the index:",[47,154775,154777],{"className":49,"code":154776,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[18,154778,154779],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154780,154781,154783,154785,154787,154789],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154782,147531],{"class":284},[56,154784,3366],{"class":66},[56,154786,76],{"class":75},[56,154788,1077],{"class":79},[56,154790,3093],{"class":66},[615,154792,154794],{"id":154793},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[14,154796,154797],{},"Python raises:",[47,154799,154801],{"className":49,"code":154800,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[18,154802,154803],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154804,154805,154807,154809,154811,154813],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154806,70255],{"class":989},[56,154808,971],{"class":66},[56,154810,148879],{"class":989},[56,154812,154229],{"class":284},[56,154814,70447],{"class":62},[615,154816,154818],{"id":154817},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[14,154820,154821],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[42,154823,1601],{"id":1600},[26,154825,154826,154831,154835,154839,154845],{},[29,154827,154828],{},[372,154829,154830],{"href":147516},"How to create a tuple in Python",[29,154832,154833],{},[372,154834,150430],{"href":150429},[29,154836,154837],{},[372,154838,150435],{"href":148751},[29,154840,154841],{},[372,154842,25627,154843],{"href":154355},[18,154844,154358],{},[29,154846,154847],{},[372,154848,147513],{"href":147512},[1633,154850,154851],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":154853},[154854,154855,154856,154857,154858,154859,154860,154861,154862,154863,154869],{"id":3064,"depth":86,"text":3065},{"id":153617,"depth":86,"text":153618},{"id":153743,"depth":86,"text":153744},{"id":153881,"depth":86,"text":153882},{"id":154008,"depth":86,"text":154009},{"id":154133,"depth":86,"text":154134},{"id":154361,"depth":86,"text":154362},{"id":154513,"depth":86,"text":154514},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":154864},[154865,154866,154867,154868],{"id":154758,"depth":102,"text":154759},{"id":154767,"depth":102,"text":154768},{"id":154793,"depth":102,"text":154794},{"id":154817,"depth":102,"text":154818},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153474,"description":154870},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":154876,"title":154877,"body":154878,"description":156767,"extension":1665,"meta":156768,"navigation":316,"path":156769,"seo":156770,"stem":156771,"__hash__":156772},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":154879,"toc":156724},[154880,154886,154891,154942,154946,154954,154960,154962,154978,154980,154983,154998,155000,155013,155015,155072,155076,155084,155091,155097,155103,155107,155158,155162,155170,155174,155203,155207,155215,155219,155252,155256,155264,155268,155271,155322,155326,155334,155336,155353,155357,155361,155420,155424,155432,155435,155462,155466,155474,155478,155484,155559,155563,155600,155608,155612,155675,155679,155687,155692,155696,155702,155745,155749,155757,155763,155766,155813,155817,155825,155834,155840,155895,155899,155907,155910,155914,155916,155947,155951,155970,155973,156018,156022,156045,156051,156056,156058,156105,156110,156113,156161,156165,156173,156177,156182,156186,156236,156240,156255,156259,156317,156321,156336,156340,156411,156415,156424,156428,156507,156511,156533,156541,156543,156546,156571,156573,156626,156628,156645,156647,156651,156657,156662,156667,156671,156676,156680,156685,156691,156694,156696,156721],[10,154881,154883,154884,3120],{"id":154882},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[18,154885,10653],{},[14,154887,153,154888,154890],{},[18,154889,41877],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[47,154892,154894],{"className":49,"code":154893,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,154895,154896,154928],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154897,154898,154900,154902,154904,154906,154908,154910,154912,154914,154916,154918,154920,154922,154924,154926],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154899,12572],{"class":284},[56,154901,288],{"class":75},[56,154903,8724],{"class":66},[56,154905,938],{"class":937},[56,154907,12589],{"class":941},[56,154909,938],{"class":937},[56,154911,1080],{"class":66},[56,154913,1448],{"class":937},[56,154915,16956],{"class":941},[56,154917,938],{"class":937},[56,154919,1080],{"class":66},[56,154921,1448],{"class":937},[56,154923,12606],{"class":941},[56,154925,938],{"class":937},[56,154927,241],{"class":66},[56,154929,154930,154932,154934,154936,154938,154940],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,154931,63],{"class":62},[56,154933,67],{"class":66},[56,154935,10653],{"class":62},[56,154937,67],{"class":66},[56,154939,17003],{"class":237},[56,154941,83],{"class":66},[14,154943,154944],{},[3205,154945,130],{},[47,154947,154948],{"className":49,"code":46135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,154949,154950],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154951,154952],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154953,46135],{"class":79},[14,154955,153,154956,154959],{},[18,154957,154958],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[42,154961,14661],{"id":14660},[26,154963,154964,154969,154973,154976],{},[29,154965,3666,154966,154968],{},[18,154967,41877],{}," works with tuples",[29,154970,67782,154971,11199],{},[18,154972,41877],{},[29,154974,154975],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[29,154977,3988],{},[42,154979,220],{"id":219},[14,154981,154982],{},"Use this pattern:",[47,154984,154986],{"className":49,"code":154985,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"len(my_tuple)\n",[18,154987,154988],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,154989,154990,154992,154994,154996],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,154991,10653],{"class":62},[56,154993,67],{"class":66},[56,154995,147531],{"class":237},[56,154997,241],{"class":66},[14,154999,10951],{},[26,155001,155002,155005,155008],{},[29,155003,155004],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[29,155006,155007],{},"The result is an integer",[29,155009,155010,155012],{},[18,155011,41877],{}," does not change the tuple",[14,155014,274],{},[47,155016,155018],{"className":49,"code":155017,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[18,155019,155020,155044,155058,155062],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155021,155022,155024,155026,155028,155030,155032,155034,155036,155038,155040,155042],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155023,3075],{"class":284},[56,155025,288],{"class":75},[56,155027,8724],{"class":66},[56,155029,406],{"class":79},[56,155031,1080],{"class":66},[56,155033,7272],{"class":79},[56,155035,1080],{"class":66},[56,155037,7277],{"class":79},[56,155039,1080],{"class":66},[56,155041,50363],{"class":79},[56,155043,241],{"class":66},[56,155045,155046,155048,155050,155052,155054,155056],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,155047,40757],{"class":284},[56,155049,288],{"class":75},[56,155051,37900],{"class":62},[56,155053,67],{"class":66},[56,155055,3107],{"class":237},[56,155057,241],{"class":66},[56,155059,155060],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,155061,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,155063,155064,155066,155068,155070],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,155065,63],{"class":62},[56,155067,67],{"class":66},[56,155069,40775],{"class":237},[56,155071,241],{"class":66},[14,155073,155074],{},[3205,155075,130],{},[47,155077,155078],{"className":49,"code":48169,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,155079,155080],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155081,155082],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155083,48169],{"class":79},[14,155085,155086,155087,497],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[372,155088,3031,155089,1610],{"href":41874},[18,155090,41877],{},[42,155092,3138,155094,155096],{"id":155093},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[18,155095,41877],{}," returns for a tuple",[14,155098,155099,155100,155102],{},"For a tuple, ",[18,155101,41877],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[615,155104,155106],{"id":155105},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[47,155108,155110],{"className":49,"code":155109,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[18,155111,155112,155144],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155113,155114,155116,155118,155120,155122,155124,155126,155128,155130,155132,155134,155136,155138,155140,155142],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155115,35751],{"class":284},[56,155117,288],{"class":75},[56,155119,8724],{"class":66},[56,155121,938],{"class":937},[56,155123,3546],{"class":941},[56,155125,938],{"class":937},[56,155127,1080],{"class":66},[56,155129,1448],{"class":937},[56,155131,3555],{"class":941},[56,155133,938],{"class":937},[56,155135,1080],{"class":66},[56,155137,1448],{"class":937},[56,155139,32729],{"class":941},[56,155141,938],{"class":937},[56,155143,241],{"class":66},[56,155145,155146,155148,155150,155152,155154,155156],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,155147,63],{"class":62},[56,155149,67],{"class":66},[56,155151,10653],{"class":62},[56,155153,67],{"class":66},[56,155155,35803],{"class":237},[56,155157,83],{"class":66},[14,155159,155160],{},[3205,155161,130],{},[47,155163,155164],{"className":49,"code":46135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,155165,155166],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155167,155168],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155169,46135],{"class":79},[615,155171,155173],{"id":155172},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[47,155175,155177],{"className":49,"code":155176,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[18,155178,155179,155188],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155180,155181,155184,155186],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155182,155183],{"class":284},"empty_tuple ",[56,155185,288],{"class":75},[56,155187,148855],{"class":66},[56,155189,155190,155192,155194,155196,155198,155201],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,155191,63],{"class":62},[56,155193,67],{"class":66},[56,155195,10653],{"class":62},[56,155197,67],{"class":66},[56,155199,155200],{"class":237},"empty_tuple",[56,155202,83],{"class":66},[14,155204,155205],{},[3205,155206,130],{},[47,155208,155209],{"className":49,"code":46770,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,155210,155211],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155212,155213],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155214,46770],{"class":79},[615,155216,155218],{"id":155217},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[47,155220,155222],{"className":49,"code":155221,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[18,155223,155224,155237],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155225,155226,155229,155231,155233,155235],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155227,155228],{"class":284},"single_value ",[56,155230,288],{"class":75},[56,155232,8724],{"class":66},[56,155234,198],{"class":79},[56,155236,148869],{"class":66},[56,155238,155239,155241,155243,155245,155247,155250],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,155240,63],{"class":62},[56,155242,67],{"class":66},[56,155244,10653],{"class":62},[56,155246,67],{"class":66},[56,155248,155249],{"class":237},"single_value",[56,155251,83],{"class":66},[14,155253,155254],{},[3205,155255,130],{},[47,155257,155258],{"className":49,"code":46435,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,155259,155260],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155261,155262],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155263,46435],{"class":79},[615,155265,155267],{"id":155266},"nested-items","Nested items",[14,155269,155270],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[47,155272,155274],{"className":49,"code":155273,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[18,155275,155276,155308],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155277,155278,155280,155282,155284,155286,155288,155290,155292,155294,155296,155298,155300,155302,155304,155306],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155279,8653],{"class":284},[56,155281,288],{"class":75},[56,155283,8724],{"class":66},[56,155285,1077],{"class":79},[56,155287,1080],{"class":66},[56,155289,8724],{"class":66},[56,155291,115],{"class":79},[56,155293,1080],{"class":66},[56,155295,529],{"class":79},[56,155297,8721],{"class":66},[56,155299,3080],{"class":66},[56,155301,584],{"class":79},[56,155303,1080],{"class":66},[56,155305,4075],{"class":79},[56,155307,3354],{"class":66},[56,155309,155310,155312,155314,155316,155318,155320],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,155311,63],{"class":62},[56,155313,67],{"class":66},[56,155315,10653],{"class":62},[56,155317,67],{"class":66},[56,155319,8692],{"class":237},[56,155321,83],{"class":66},[14,155323,155324],{},[3205,155325,130],{},[47,155327,155328],{"className":49,"code":46135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,155329,155330],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155331,155332],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155333,46135],{"class":79},[14,155335,19459],{},[26,155337,155338,155343,155348],{},[29,155339,155340,155342],{},[18,155341,1077],{}," is one item",[29,155344,155345,155342],{},[18,155346,155347],{},"(2, 3)",[29,155349,155350,155342],{},[18,155351,155352],{},"[4, 5]",[42,155354,155356],{"id":155355},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[615,155358,155360],{"id":155359},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[47,155362,155364],{"className":49,"code":155363,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[18,155365,155366,155406],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155367,155368,155370,155372,155374,155376,155378,155380,155382,155384,155386,155388,155390,155392,155394,155396,155398,155400,155402,155404],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155369,12572],{"class":284},[56,155371,288],{"class":75},[56,155373,8724],{"class":66},[56,155375,938],{"class":937},[56,155377,12589],{"class":941},[56,155379,938],{"class":937},[56,155381,1080],{"class":66},[56,155383,1448],{"class":937},[56,155385,16956],{"class":941},[56,155387,938],{"class":937},[56,155389,1080],{"class":66},[56,155391,1448],{"class":937},[56,155393,12606],{"class":941},[56,155395,938],{"class":937},[56,155397,1080],{"class":66},[56,155399,1448],{"class":937},[56,155401,22027],{"class":941},[56,155403,938],{"class":937},[56,155405,241],{"class":66},[56,155407,155408,155410,155412,155414,155416,155418],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,155409,63],{"class":62},[56,155411,67],{"class":66},[56,155413,10653],{"class":62},[56,155415,67],{"class":66},[56,155417,17003],{"class":237},[56,155419,83],{"class":66},[14,155421,155422],{},[3205,155423,130],{},[47,155425,155426],{"className":49,"code":48169,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,155427,155428],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155429,155430],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155431,48169],{"class":79},[615,155433,155173],{"id":155434},"empty-tuple-1",[47,155436,155438],{"className":49,"code":155437,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[18,155439,155440,155448],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155441,155442,155444,155446],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155443,7261],{"class":284},[56,155445,288],{"class":75},[56,155447,148855],{"class":66},[56,155449,155450,155452,155454,155456,155458,155460],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,155451,63],{"class":62},[56,155453,67],{"class":66},[56,155455,10653],{"class":62},[56,155457,67],{"class":66},[56,155459,7292],{"class":237},[56,155461,83],{"class":66},[14,155463,155464],{},[3205,155465,130],{},[47,155467,155468],{"className":49,"code":46770,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,155469,155470],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155471,155472],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155473,46770],{"class":79},[615,155475,155477],{"id":155476},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[14,155479,155480,155481,155483],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[3205,155482,4101],{}," always a tuple.",[47,155485,155487],{"className":49,"code":155486,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[18,155488,155489,155501,155513,155517,155531,155545],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155490,155491,155493,155495,155497,155499],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155492,635],{"class":284},[56,155494,288],{"class":75},[56,155496,8724],{"class":66},[56,155498,198],{"class":79},[56,155500,241],{"class":66},[56,155502,155503,155505,155507,155509,155511],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,155504,663],{"class":284},[56,155506,288],{"class":75},[56,155508,8724],{"class":66},[56,155510,198],{"class":79},[56,155512,148869],{"class":66},[56,155514,155515],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,155516,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,155518,155519,155521,155523,155525,155527,155529],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,155520,63],{"class":62},[56,155522,67],{"class":66},[56,155524,1314],{"class":989},[56,155526,67],{"class":66},[56,155528,372],{"class":237},[56,155530,83],{"class":66},[56,155532,155533,155535,155537,155539,155541,155543],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,155534,63],{"class":62},[56,155536,67],{"class":66},[56,155538,1314],{"class":989},[56,155540,67],{"class":66},[56,155542,4232],{"class":237},[56,155544,83],{"class":66},[56,155546,155547,155549,155551,155553,155555,155557],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,155548,63],{"class":62},[56,155550,67],{"class":66},[56,155552,10653],{"class":62},[56,155554,67],{"class":66},[56,155556,4232],{"class":237},[56,155558,83],{"class":66},[14,155560,155561],{},[3205,155562,130],{},[47,155564,155566],{"className":49,"code":155565,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[18,155567,155568,155582,155596],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155569,155570,155572,155574,155576,155578,155580],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155571,1383],{"class":75},[56,155573,1386],{"class":124},[56,155575,1389],{"class":937},[56,155577,254],{"class":941},[56,155579,1394],{"class":937},[56,155581,1397],{"class":75},[56,155583,155584,155586,155588,155590,155592,155594],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,155585,1383],{"class":75},[56,155587,1386],{"class":124},[56,155589,1389],{"class":937},[56,155591,48472],{"class":941},[56,155593,1394],{"class":937},[56,155595,1397],{"class":75},[56,155597,155598],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,155599,46435],{"class":79},[14,155601,155602,155603,3862,155606,497],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[372,155604,155605],{"href":147516},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[372,155607,148817],{"href":148816},[615,155609,155611],{"id":155610},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[47,155613,155615],{"className":49,"code":155614,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[18,155616,155617,155661],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155618,155619,155621,155623,155625,155627,155629,155631,155633,155635,155637,155639,155641,155643,155645,155647,155649,155651,155653,155655,155657,155659],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155620,58995],{"class":284},[56,155622,288],{"class":75},[56,155624,8724],{"class":66},[56,155626,938],{"class":937},[56,155628,3546],{"class":941},[56,155630,938],{"class":937},[56,155632,1080],{"class":66},[56,155634,3080],{"class":66},[56,155636,1077],{"class":79},[56,155638,1080],{"class":66},[56,155640,1083],{"class":79},[56,155642,17563],{"class":66},[56,155644,8724],{"class":66},[56,155646,938],{"class":937},[56,155648,238],{"class":941},[56,155650,938],{"class":937},[56,155652,1080],{"class":66},[56,155654,1448],{"class":937},[56,155656,11239],{"class":941},[56,155658,938],{"class":937},[56,155660,83],{"class":66},[56,155662,155663,155665,155667,155669,155671,155673],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,155664,63],{"class":62},[56,155666,67],{"class":66},[56,155668,10653],{"class":62},[56,155670,67],{"class":66},[56,155672,59048],{"class":237},[56,155674,83],{"class":66},[14,155676,155677],{},[3205,155678,130],{},[47,155680,155681],{"className":49,"code":46135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,155682,155683],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155684,155685],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155686,46135],{"class":79},[14,155688,155689,155691],{},[18,155690,41877],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[42,155693,155695],{"id":155694},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[615,155697,155699,155701],{"id":155698},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[18,155700,41877],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[47,155703,155705],{"className":49,"code":155704,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[18,155706,155707,155731],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155708,155709,155711,155713,155715,155717,155719,155721,155723,155725,155727,155729],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155710,3537],{"class":284},[56,155712,288],{"class":75},[56,155714,8724],{"class":66},[56,155716,938],{"class":937},[56,155718,63119],{"class":941},[56,155720,938],{"class":937},[56,155722,1080],{"class":66},[56,155724,1448],{"class":937},[56,155726,51],{"class":941},[56,155728,938],{"class":937},[56,155730,241],{"class":66},[56,155732,155733,155735,155737,155739,155741,155743],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,155734,63],{"class":62},[56,155736,67],{"class":66},[56,155738,10653],{"class":62},[56,155740,67],{"class":66},[56,155742,3581],{"class":237},[56,155744,83],{"class":66},[14,155746,155747],{},[3205,155748,130],{},[47,155750,155751],{"className":49,"code":16556,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,155752,155753],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155754,155755],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155756,16556],{"class":79},[14,155758,155759,155760,155762],{},"This result is ",[18,155761,115],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[14,155764,155765],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[47,155767,155769],{"className":49,"code":155768,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[18,155770,155771,155795],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155772,155773,155775,155777,155779,155781,155783,155785,155787,155789,155791,155793],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155774,3537],{"class":284},[56,155776,288],{"class":75},[56,155778,8724],{"class":66},[56,155780,938],{"class":937},[56,155782,63119],{"class":941},[56,155784,938],{"class":937},[56,155786,1080],{"class":66},[56,155788,1448],{"class":937},[56,155790,51],{"class":941},[56,155792,938],{"class":937},[56,155794,241],{"class":66},[56,155796,155797,155799,155801,155803,155805,155807,155809,155811],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,155798,63],{"class":62},[56,155800,67],{"class":66},[56,155802,10653],{"class":62},[56,155804,67],{"class":66},[56,155806,3581],{"class":237},[56,155808,3366],{"class":66},[56,155810,181],{"class":79},[56,155812,1090],{"class":66},[14,155814,155815],{},[3205,155816,130],{},[47,155818,155819],{"className":49,"code":16556,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,155820,155821],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155822,155823],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155824,16556],{"class":79},[14,155826,20273,155827,155830,155831,497],{},[18,155828,155829],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[18,155832,155833],{},"\"hi\"",[615,155835,155837,155839],{"id":155836},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[18,155838,41877],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[47,155841,155843],{"className":49,"code":155842,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[18,155844,155845,155881],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155846,155847,155849,155851,155853,155855,155857,155859,155861,155863,155865,155867,155869,155871,155873,155875,155877,155879],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155848,3286],{"class":284},[56,155850,288],{"class":75},[56,155852,9484],{"class":66},[56,155854,1077],{"class":79},[56,155856,1080],{"class":66},[56,155858,1083],{"class":79},[56,155860,8721],{"class":66},[56,155862,8724],{"class":66},[56,155864,121],{"class":79},[56,155866,1080],{"class":66},[56,155868,535],{"class":79},[56,155870,8721],{"class":66},[56,155872,8724],{"class":66},[56,155874,198],{"class":79},[56,155876,1080],{"class":66},[56,155878,37157],{"class":79},[56,155880,83],{"class":66},[56,155882,155883,155885,155887,155889,155891,155893],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,155884,63],{"class":62},[56,155886,67],{"class":66},[56,155888,10653],{"class":62},[56,155890,67],{"class":66},[56,155892,4833],{"class":237},[56,155894,83],{"class":66},[14,155896,155897],{},[3205,155898,130],{},[47,155900,155901],{"className":49,"code":46135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,155902,155903],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155904,155905],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155906,46135],{"class":79},[14,155908,155909],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[615,155911,155913],{"id":155912},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[14,155915,25195],{},[47,155917,155919],{"className":49,"code":155918,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,155920,155921,155933],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155922,155923,155925,155927,155929,155931],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155924,524],{"class":284},[56,155926,288],{"class":75},[56,155928,8724],{"class":66},[56,155930,406],{"class":79},[56,155932,241],{"class":66},[56,155934,155935,155937,155939,155941,155943,155945],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,155936,63],{"class":62},[56,155938,67],{"class":66},[56,155940,1314],{"class":989},[56,155942,67],{"class":66},[56,155944,551],{"class":237},[56,155946,83],{"class":66},[14,155948,155949],{},[3205,155950,130],{},[47,155952,155954],{"className":49,"code":155953,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[18,155955,155956],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155957,155958,155960,155962,155964,155966,155968],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155959,1383],{"class":75},[56,155961,1386],{"class":124},[56,155963,1389],{"class":937},[56,155965,254],{"class":941},[56,155967,1394],{"class":937},[56,155969,1397],{"class":75},[14,155971,155972],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[47,155974,155976],{"className":49,"code":155975,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[18,155977,155978,155990,156004],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,155979,155980,155982,155984,155986,155988],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,155981,524],{"class":284},[56,155983,288],{"class":75},[56,155985,8724],{"class":66},[56,155987,406],{"class":79},[56,155989,148869],{"class":66},[56,155991,155992,155994,155996,155998,156000,156002],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,155993,63],{"class":62},[56,155995,67],{"class":66},[56,155997,1314],{"class":989},[56,155999,67],{"class":66},[56,156001,551],{"class":237},[56,156003,83],{"class":66},[56,156005,156006,156008,156010,156012,156014,156016],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,156007,63],{"class":62},[56,156009,67],{"class":66},[56,156011,10653],{"class":62},[56,156013,67],{"class":66},[56,156015,551],{"class":237},[56,156017,83],{"class":66},[14,156019,156020],{},[3205,156021,130],{},[47,156023,156025],{"className":49,"code":156024,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[18,156026,156027,156041],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156028,156029,156031,156033,156035,156037,156039],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156030,1383],{"class":75},[56,156032,1386],{"class":124},[56,156034,1389],{"class":937},[56,156036,48472],{"class":941},[56,156038,1394],{"class":937},[56,156040,1397],{"class":75},[56,156042,156043],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,156044,46435],{"class":79},[615,156046,156048,156050],{"id":156047},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[18,156049,10653],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[14,156052,43946,156053,156055],{},[18,156054,10653],{}," as a variable name.",[14,156057,43977],{},[47,156059,156061],{"className":49,"code":156060,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,156062,156063,156071,156091],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156064,156065,156067,156069],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156066,10653],{"class":62},[56,156068,12773],{"class":75},[56,156070,668],{"class":79},[56,156072,156073,156075,156077,156079,156081,156083,156085,156087,156089],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,156074,3075],{"class":284},[56,156076,288],{"class":75},[56,156078,8724],{"class":66},[56,156080,1077],{"class":79},[56,156082,1080],{"class":66},[56,156084,1083],{"class":79},[56,156086,1080],{"class":66},[56,156088,529],{"class":79},[56,156090,241],{"class":66},[56,156092,156093,156095,156097,156099,156101,156103],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,156094,63],{"class":62},[56,156096,67],{"class":66},[56,156098,10653],{"class":62},[56,156100,67],{"class":66},[56,156102,3107],{"class":237},[56,156104,83],{"class":66},[14,156106,39168,156107,156109],{},[18,156108,10653],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[14,156111,156112],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[47,156114,156116],{"className":49,"code":156115,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[18,156117,156118,156127,156147],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156119,156120,156123,156125],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156121,156122],{"class":284},"length_value ",[56,156124,288],{"class":75},[56,156126,668],{"class":79},[56,156128,156129,156131,156133,156135,156137,156139,156141,156143,156145],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,156130,3075],{"class":284},[56,156132,288],{"class":75},[56,156134,8724],{"class":66},[56,156136,1077],{"class":79},[56,156138,1080],{"class":66},[56,156140,1083],{"class":79},[56,156142,1080],{"class":66},[56,156144,529],{"class":79},[56,156146,241],{"class":66},[56,156148,156149,156151,156153,156155,156157,156159],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,156150,63],{"class":62},[56,156152,67],{"class":66},[56,156154,10653],{"class":62},[56,156156,67],{"class":66},[56,156158,3107],{"class":237},[56,156160,83],{"class":66},[14,156162,156163],{},[3205,156164,130],{},[47,156166,156167],{"className":49,"code":46135,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,156168,156169],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156170,156171],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156172,46135],{"class":79},[42,156174,156176],{"id":156175},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[14,156178,156179,156181],{},[18,156180,41877],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[615,156183,156185],{"id":156184},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[47,156187,156189],{"className":49,"code":156188,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[18,156190,156191,156199,156203,156221],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156192,156193,156195,156197],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156194,7261],{"class":284},[56,156196,288],{"class":75},[56,156198,148855],{"class":66},[56,156200,156201],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,156202,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,156204,156205,156207,156209,156211,156213,156215,156217,156219],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,156206,6477],{"class":3341},[56,156208,37900],{"class":62},[56,156210,67],{"class":66},[56,156212,7292],{"class":237},[56,156214,3120],{"class":66},[56,156216,5886],{"class":75},[56,156218,3297],{"class":79},[56,156220,5871],{"class":66},[56,156222,156223,156225,156227,156229,156232,156234],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,156224,7552],{"class":62},[56,156226,67],{"class":66},[56,156228,938],{"class":937},[56,156230,156231],{"class":941},"The tuple is empty",[56,156233,938],{"class":937},[56,156235,241],{"class":66},[14,156237,156238],{},[3205,156239,130],{},[47,156241,156243],{"className":49,"code":156242,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"The tuple is empty\n",[18,156244,156245],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156246,156247,156249,156251,156253],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156248,16],{"class":284},[56,156250,48472],{"class":989},[56,156252,7580],{"class":75},[56,156254,7586],{"class":284},[615,156256,156258],{"id":156257},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[47,156260,156262],{"className":49,"code":156261,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[18,156263,156264,156280,156284,156302],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156265,156266,156268,156270,156272,156274,156276,156278],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156267,50905],{"class":284},[56,156269,288],{"class":75},[56,156271,8724],{"class":66},[56,156273,584],{"class":79},[56,156275,1080],{"class":66},[56,156277,5470],{"class":79},[56,156279,241],{"class":66},[56,156281,156282],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,156283,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,156285,156286,156288,156290,156292,156294,156296,156298,156300],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,156287,6477],{"class":3341},[56,156289,37900],{"class":62},[56,156291,67],{"class":66},[56,156293,50930],{"class":237},[56,156295,3120],{"class":66},[56,156297,5886],{"class":75},[56,156299,1083],{"class":79},[56,156301,5871],{"class":66},[56,156303,156304,156306,156308,156310,156313,156315],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,156305,7552],{"class":62},[56,156307,67],{"class":66},[56,156309,938],{"class":937},[56,156311,156312],{"class":941},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[56,156314,938],{"class":937},[56,156316,241],{"class":66},[14,156318,156319],{},[3205,156320,130],{},[47,156322,156324],{"className":49,"code":156323,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[18,156325,156326],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156327,156328,156331,156333],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156329,156330],{"class":284},"This looks like an x",[56,156332,1080],{"class":66},[56,156334,156335],{"class":284}," y coordinate\n",[615,156337,156339],{"id":156338},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[47,156341,156343],{"className":49,"code":156342,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[18,156344,156345,156374,156378,156396],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156346,156347,156349,156351,156353,156355,156357,156359,156361,156363,156365,156367,156370,156372],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156348,10981],{"class":284},[56,156350,288],{"class":75},[56,156352,8724],{"class":66},[56,156354,938],{"class":937},[56,156356,12376],{"class":941},[56,156358,938],{"class":937},[56,156360,1080],{"class":66},[56,156362,8794],{"class":79},[56,156364,1080],{"class":66},[56,156366,1448],{"class":937},[56,156368,156369],{"class":941},"Canada",[56,156371,938],{"class":937},[56,156373,241],{"class":66},[56,156375,156376],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,156377,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,156379,156380,156382,156384,156386,156388,156390,156392,156394],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,156381,6477],{"class":3341},[56,156383,37900],{"class":62},[56,156385,67],{"class":66},[56,156387,11075],{"class":237},[56,156389,3120],{"class":66},[56,156391,5886],{"class":75},[56,156393,529],{"class":79},[56,156395,5871],{"class":66},[56,156397,156398,156400,156402,156404,156407,156409],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,156399,7552],{"class":62},[56,156401,67],{"class":66},[56,156403,938],{"class":937},[56,156405,156406],{"class":941},"User record has the expected number of values",[56,156408,938],{"class":937},[56,156410,241],{"class":66},[14,156412,156413],{},[3205,156414,130],{},[47,156416,156418],{"className":49,"code":156417,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[18,156419,156420],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156421,156422],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156423,156417],{"class":284},[615,156425,156427],{"id":156426},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[47,156429,156431],{"className":49,"code":156430,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[18,156432,156433,156465,156469,156489],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156434,156435,156437,156439,156441,156443,156445,156447,156449,156451,156453,156455,156457,156459,156461,156463],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156436,35602],{"class":284},[56,156438,288],{"class":75},[56,156440,8724],{"class":66},[56,156442,938],{"class":937},[56,156444,372],{"class":941},[56,156446,938],{"class":937},[56,156448,1080],{"class":66},[56,156450,1448],{"class":937},[56,156452,4232],{"class":941},[56,156454,938],{"class":937},[56,156456,1080],{"class":66},[56,156458,1448],{"class":937},[56,156460,9228],{"class":941},[56,156462,938],{"class":937},[56,156464,241],{"class":66},[56,156466,156467],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,156468,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,156470,156471,156473,156475,156477,156479,156481,156483,156485,156487],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,156472,5434],{"class":3341},[56,156474,69072],{"class":284},[56,156476,3348],{"class":3341},[56,156478,53591],{"class":62},[56,156480,67],{"class":66},[56,156482,10653],{"class":62},[56,156484,67],{"class":66},[56,156486,35655],{"class":237},[56,156488,69087],{"class":66},[56,156490,156491,156493,156495,156497,156499,156501,156503,156505],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,156492,7552],{"class":62},[56,156494,67],{"class":66},[56,156496,35666],{"class":237},[56,156498,1080],{"class":66},[56,156500,69620],{"class":237},[56,156502,3366],{"class":66},[56,156504,35666],{"class":237},[56,156506,3354],{"class":66},[14,156508,156509],{},[3205,156510,130],{},[47,156512,156513],{"className":49,"code":35678,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,156514,156515,156521,156527],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156516,156517,156519],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156518,181],{"class":79},[56,156520,35687],{"class":284},[56,156522,156523,156525],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,156524,1077],{"class":79},[56,156526,35694],{"class":284},[56,156528,156529,156531],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,156530,115],{"class":79},[56,156532,35701],{"class":284},[14,156534,156535,156536,156538,156539,497],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[372,156537,149186],{"href":149185},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[372,156540,150430],{"href":150429},[42,156542,912],{"id":911},[14,156544,156545],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[26,156547,156548,156556,156563,156568],{},[29,156549,156550,156551,10583,156554],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[18,156552,156553],{},"(5)",[18,156555,149020],{},[29,156557,7902,156558,156560,156561],{},[18,156559,10653],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[18,156562,41877],{},[29,156564,7938,156565,156567],{},[18,156566,41877],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[29,156569,156570],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[14,156572,31590],{},[47,156574,156576],{"className":49,"code":156575,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[18,156577,156578,156588,156602,156616],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156579,156580,156582,156584,156586],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156581,63],{"class":62},[56,156583,67],{"class":66},[56,156585,147531],{"class":237},[56,156587,241],{"class":66},[56,156589,156590,156592,156594,156596,156598,156600],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,156591,63],{"class":62},[56,156593,67],{"class":66},[56,156595,1314],{"class":989},[56,156597,67],{"class":66},[56,156599,147531],{"class":237},[56,156601,83],{"class":66},[56,156603,156604,156606,156608,156610,156612,156614],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,156605,63],{"class":62},[56,156607,67],{"class":66},[56,156609,10653],{"class":62},[56,156611,67],{"class":66},[56,156613,147531],{"class":237},[56,156615,83],{"class":66},[56,156617,156618,156620,156622,156624],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,156619,31660],{"class":62},[56,156621,67],{"class":66},[56,156623,10653],{"class":62},[56,156625,241],{"class":66},[14,156627,154740],{},[26,156629,156630,156633,156636,156640],{},[29,156631,156632],{},"what value you are using",[29,156634,156635],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[29,156637,25524,156638,11199],{},[18,156639,41877],{},[29,156641,122904,156642,156644],{},[18,156643,41877],{}," is documented in Python",[42,156646,1553],{"id":1552},[615,156648,156650],{"id":156649},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[14,156652,153,156653,156656],{},[18,156654,156655],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[615,156658,12199,156660,148690],{"id":156659},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[18,156661,41877],{},[14,156663,45883,156664,156666],{},[18,156665,41877],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[615,156668,156670],{"id":156669},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[14,156672,156673,156674,497],{},"The length is ",[18,156675,181],{},[615,156677,156679],{"id":156678},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[14,156681,150376,156682,156684],{},[18,156683,150379],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[615,156686,12199,156688,156690],{"id":156687},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[18,156689,41877],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[14,156692,156693],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[42,156695,1601],{"id":1600},[26,156697,156698,156704,156708,156712,156716],{},[29,156699,156700],{},[372,156701,3031,156702,1610],{"href":41874},[18,156703,41877],{},[29,156705,156706],{},[372,156707,155605],{"href":147516},[29,156709,156710],{},[372,156711,149186],{"href":149185},[29,156713,156714],{},[372,156715,150430],{"href":150429},[29,156717,156718],{},[372,156719,156720],{"href":148816},"What is a tuple in Python",[1633,156722,156723],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":156725},[156726,156727,156728,156735,156741,156750,156756,156757,156766],{"id":14660,"depth":86,"text":14661},{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":155093,"depth":86,"text":156729,"children":156730},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156731,156732,156733,156734],{"id":155105,"depth":102,"text":155106},{"id":155172,"depth":102,"text":155173},{"id":155217,"depth":102,"text":155218},{"id":155266,"depth":102,"text":155267},{"id":155355,"depth":86,"text":155356,"children":156736},[156737,156738,156739,156740],{"id":155359,"depth":102,"text":155360},{"id":155434,"depth":102,"text":155173},{"id":155476,"depth":102,"text":155477},{"id":155610,"depth":102,"text":155611},{"id":155694,"depth":86,"text":155695,"children":156742},[156743,156745,156747,156748],{"id":155698,"depth":102,"text":156744},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":155836,"depth":102,"text":156746},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":155912,"depth":102,"text":155913},{"id":156047,"depth":102,"text":156749},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156175,"depth":86,"text":156176,"children":156751},[156752,156753,156754,156755],{"id":156184,"depth":102,"text":156185},{"id":156257,"depth":102,"text":156258},{"id":156338,"depth":102,"text":156339},{"id":156426,"depth":102,"text":156427},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":156758},[156759,156760,156762,156763,156764],{"id":156649,"depth":102,"text":156650},{"id":156659,"depth":102,"text":156761},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156669,"depth":102,"text":156670},{"id":156678,"depth":102,"text":156679},{"id":156687,"depth":102,"text":156765},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":154877,"description":156767},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156774,"title":156775,"body":156776,"description":159161,"extension":1665,"meta":159162,"navigation":316,"path":159163,"seo":159164,"stem":159165,"__hash__":159166},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156777,"toc":159122},[156778,156781,156784,156787,156810,156816,156818,156929,156933,156936,156946,156948,157047,157049,157126,157132,157136,157139,157162,157165,157182,157185,157187,157250,157252,157269,157280,157285,157287,157290,157296,157347,157349,157369,157373,157424,157426,157447,157451,157506,157508,157529,157533,157588,157590,157611,157615,157668,157670,157699,157701,157703,157706,157710,157767,157769,157790,157794,157847,157849,157874,157879,157883,157888,157906,157909,157972,157974,157995,157998,158059,158061,158082,158085,158128,158131,158135,158140,158144,158223,158225,158256,158260,158335,158337,158364,158368,158415,158417,158425,158430,158434,158437,158452,158454,158542,158544,158569,158572,158615,158624,158626,158629,158644,158647,158651,158705,158707,158727,158732,158736,158738,158776,158779,158829,158833,158906,158908,158945,158948,158950,158953,158973,158976,159045,159047,159060,159062,159066,159069,159073,159076,159081,159084,159090,159095,159097,159119],[10,156779,156775],{"id":156780},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[14,156782,156783],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[14,156785,156786],{},"Use this format:",[47,156788,156790],{"className":49,"code":156789,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[18,156791,156792],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156793,156794,156796,156798,156800,156802,156804,156806,156808],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156795,48472],{"class":284},[56,156797,3366],{"class":66},[56,156799,35584],{"class":284},[56,156801,971],{"class":66},[56,156803,74950],{"class":284},[56,156805,971],{"class":66},[56,156807,74953],{"class":284},[56,156809,3093],{"class":66},[14,156811,16,156812,74986,156814,497],{},[18,156813,74950],{},[3205,156815,64593],{},[42,156817,45],{"id":44},[47,156819,156821],{"className":49,"code":156820,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[18,156822,156823,156851,156855,156876,156893,156910],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156824,156825,156827,156829,156831,156833,156835,156837,156839,156841,156843,156845,156847,156849],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156826,3075],{"class":284},[56,156828,288],{"class":75},[56,156830,8724],{"class":66},[56,156832,406],{"class":79},[56,156834,1080],{"class":66},[56,156836,7272],{"class":79},[56,156838,1080],{"class":66},[56,156840,7277],{"class":79},[56,156842,1080],{"class":66},[56,156844,50363],{"class":79},[56,156846,1080],{"class":66},[56,156848,4553],{"class":79},[56,156850,241],{"class":66},[56,156852,156853],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,156854,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,156856,156857,156859,156861,156863,156865,156867,156869,156871,156873],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,156858,63],{"class":62},[56,156860,67],{"class":66},[56,156862,3107],{"class":237},[56,156864,3366],{"class":66},[56,156866,1077],{"class":79},[56,156868,971],{"class":66},[56,156870,584],{"class":79},[56,156872,19948],{"class":66},[56,156874,156875],{"class":3123},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[56,156877,156878,156880,156882,156884,156886,156888,156890],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,156879,63],{"class":62},[56,156881,67],{"class":66},[56,156883,3107],{"class":237},[56,156885,75059],{"class":66},[56,156887,121],{"class":79},[56,156889,19948],{"class":66},[56,156891,156892],{"class":3123},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[56,156894,156895,156897,156899,156901,156903,156905,156907],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,156896,63],{"class":62},[56,156898,67],{"class":66},[56,156900,3107],{"class":237},[56,156902,73646],{"class":66},[56,156904,115],{"class":79},[56,156906,19948],{"class":66},[56,156908,156909],{"class":3123},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[56,156911,156912,156914,156916,156918,156920,156922,156924,156926],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,156913,63],{"class":62},[56,156915,67],{"class":66},[56,156917,3107],{"class":237},[56,156919,73646],{"class":66},[56,156921,76],{"class":75},[56,156923,1077],{"class":79},[56,156925,19948],{"class":66},[56,156927,156928],{"class":3123},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[42,156930,156932],{"id":156931},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[14,156934,156935],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[26,156937,156938,156940,156943],{},[29,156939,75253],{},[29,156941,156942],{},"The result is a new tuple",[29,156944,156945],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[14,156947,274],{},[47,156949,156951],{"className":49,"code":156950,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[18,156952,156953,157001,157005,157023,157027,157037],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,156954,156955,156957,156959,156961,156963,156965,156967,156969,156971,156973,156975,156977,156979,156981,156983,156985,156987,156989,156991,156993,156995,156997,156999],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,156956,35602],{"class":284},[56,156958,288],{"class":75},[56,156960,8724],{"class":66},[56,156962,938],{"class":937},[56,156964,372],{"class":941},[56,156966,938],{"class":937},[56,156968,1080],{"class":66},[56,156970,1448],{"class":937},[56,156972,4232],{"class":941},[56,156974,938],{"class":937},[56,156976,1080],{"class":66},[56,156978,1448],{"class":937},[56,156980,9228],{"class":941},[56,156982,938],{"class":937},[56,156984,1080],{"class":66},[56,156986,1448],{"class":937},[56,156988,18269],{"class":941},[56,156990,938],{"class":937},[56,156992,1080],{"class":66},[56,156994,1448],{"class":937},[56,156996,59970],{"class":941},[56,156998,938],{"class":937},[56,157000,241],{"class":66},[56,157002,157003],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,157004,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,157006,157007,157009,157011,157013,157015,157017,157019,157021],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,157008,75183],{"class":284},[56,157010,288],{"class":75},[56,157012,69620],{"class":284},[56,157014,3366],{"class":66},[56,157016,1077],{"class":79},[56,157018,971],{"class":66},[56,157020,584],{"class":79},[56,157022,3093],{"class":66},[56,157024,157025],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,157026,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,157028,157029,157031,157033,157035],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,157030,63],{"class":62},[56,157032,67],{"class":66},[56,157034,75206],{"class":237},[56,157036,241],{"class":66},[56,157038,157039,157041,157043,157045],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,157040,63],{"class":62},[56,157042,67],{"class":66},[56,157044,35655],{"class":237},[56,157046,241],{"class":66},[14,157048,130],{},[47,157050,157052],{"className":49,"code":157051,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[18,157053,157054,157082],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157055,157056,157058,157060,157062,157064,157066,157068,157070,157072,157074,157076,157078,157080],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157057,67],{"class":66},[56,157059,1394],{"class":937},[56,157061,4232],{"class":941},[56,157063,1394],{"class":937},[56,157065,1080],{"class":66},[56,157067,1389],{"class":937},[56,157069,9228],{"class":941},[56,157071,1394],{"class":937},[56,157073,1080],{"class":66},[56,157075,1389],{"class":937},[56,157077,18269],{"class":941},[56,157079,1394],{"class":937},[56,157081,241],{"class":66},[56,157083,157084,157086,157088,157090,157092,157094,157096,157098,157100,157102,157104,157106,157108,157110,157112,157114,157116,157118,157120,157122,157124],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,157085,67],{"class":66},[56,157087,1394],{"class":937},[56,157089,372],{"class":941},[56,157091,1394],{"class":937},[56,157093,1080],{"class":66},[56,157095,1389],{"class":937},[56,157097,4232],{"class":941},[56,157099,1394],{"class":937},[56,157101,1080],{"class":66},[56,157103,1389],{"class":937},[56,157105,9228],{"class":941},[56,157107,1394],{"class":937},[56,157109,1080],{"class":66},[56,157111,1389],{"class":937},[56,157113,18269],{"class":941},[56,157115,1394],{"class":937},[56,157117,1080],{"class":66},[56,157119,1389],{"class":937},[56,157121,59970],{"class":941},[56,157123,1394],{"class":937},[56,157125,241],{"class":66},[14,157127,157128,157129,497],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[372,157130,147513],{"href":157131},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[42,157133,157135],{"id":157134},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[14,157137,157138],{},"The full syntax is:",[47,157140,157142],{"className":49,"code":157141,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[18,157143,157144],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157145,157146,157148,157150,157152,157154,157156,157158,157160],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157147,147531],{"class":284},[56,157149,3366],{"class":66},[56,157151,35584],{"class":284},[56,157153,971],{"class":66},[56,157155,74950],{"class":284},[56,157157,971],{"class":66},[56,157159,74953],{"class":284},[56,157161,3093],{"class":66},[14,157163,157164],{},"Each part has a job:",[26,157166,157167,157172,157177],{},[29,157168,157169,157171],{},[18,157170,35584],{},": where slicing begins",[29,157173,157174,157176],{},[18,157175,74950],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[29,157178,157179,157181],{},[18,157180,74953],{},": how many positions to move each time",[14,157183,157184],{},"All three parts are optional.",[14,157186,274],{},[47,157188,157190],{"className":49,"code":157189,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[18,157191,157192,157224,157228],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157193,157194,157196,157198,157200,157202,157204,157206,157208,157210,157212,157214,157216,157218,157220,157222],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157195,3075],{"class":284},[56,157197,288],{"class":75},[56,157199,8724],{"class":66},[56,157201,406],{"class":79},[56,157203,1080],{"class":66},[56,157205,7272],{"class":79},[56,157207,1080],{"class":66},[56,157209,7277],{"class":79},[56,157211,1080],{"class":66},[56,157213,50363],{"class":79},[56,157215,1080],{"class":66},[56,157217,4553],{"class":79},[56,157219,1080],{"class":66},[56,157221,75624],{"class":79},[56,157223,241],{"class":66},[56,157225,157226],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,157227,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,157229,157230,157232,157234,157236,157238,157240,157242,157244,157246,157248],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,157231,63],{"class":62},[56,157233,67],{"class":66},[56,157235,3107],{"class":237},[56,157237,3366],{"class":66},[56,157239,1077],{"class":79},[56,157241,971],{"class":66},[56,157243,198],{"class":79},[56,157245,971],{"class":66},[56,157247,115],{"class":79},[56,157249,3354],{"class":66},[14,157251,130],{},[47,157253,157255],{"className":49,"code":157254,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(20, 40)\n",[18,157256,157257],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157258,157259,157261,157263,157265,157267],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157260,67],{"class":66},[56,157262,15253],{"class":79},[56,157264,1080],{"class":66},[56,157266,50363],{"class":79},[56,157268,241],{"class":66},[14,157270,157271,157272,157274,157275,157277,157278,497],{},"This starts at index ",[18,157273,1077],{},", stops before index ",[18,157276,198],{},", and moves by ",[18,157279,115],{},[14,157281,157282,157283,497],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[372,157284,149186],{"href":152612},[42,157286,75540],{"id":75539},[14,157288,157289],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[615,157291,157293,157294,5442],{"id":157292},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[18,157295,75554],{},[47,157297,157299],{"className":49,"code":157298,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[18,157300,157301,157329,157333],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157302,157303,157305,157307,157309,157311,157313,157315,157317,157319,157321,157323,157325,157327],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157304,3075],{"class":284},[56,157306,288],{"class":75},[56,157308,8724],{"class":66},[56,157310,406],{"class":79},[56,157312,1080],{"class":66},[56,157314,7272],{"class":79},[56,157316,1080],{"class":66},[56,157318,7277],{"class":79},[56,157320,1080],{"class":66},[56,157322,50363],{"class":79},[56,157324,1080],{"class":66},[56,157326,4553],{"class":79},[56,157328,241],{"class":66},[56,157330,157331],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,157332,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,157334,157335,157337,157339,157341,157343,157345],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,157336,63],{"class":62},[56,157338,67],{"class":66},[56,157340,3107],{"class":237},[56,157342,75059],{"class":66},[56,157344,121],{"class":79},[56,157346,3354],{"class":66},[14,157348,130],{},[47,157350,157351],{"className":49,"code":150878,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,157352,157353],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157354,157355,157357,157359,157361,157363,157365,157367],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157356,67],{"class":66},[56,157358,406],{"class":79},[56,157360,1080],{"class":66},[56,157362,7272],{"class":79},[56,157364,1080],{"class":66},[56,157366,7277],{"class":79},[56,157368,241],{"class":66},[615,157370,157372],{"id":157371},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[47,157374,157376],{"className":49,"code":157375,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[18,157377,157378,157406,157410],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157379,157380,157382,157384,157386,157388,157390,157392,157394,157396,157398,157400,157402,157404],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157381,3075],{"class":284},[56,157383,288],{"class":75},[56,157385,8724],{"class":66},[56,157387,406],{"class":79},[56,157389,1080],{"class":66},[56,157391,7272],{"class":79},[56,157393,1080],{"class":66},[56,157395,7277],{"class":79},[56,157397,1080],{"class":66},[56,157399,50363],{"class":79},[56,157401,1080],{"class":66},[56,157403,4553],{"class":79},[56,157405,241],{"class":66},[56,157407,157408],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,157409,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,157411,157412,157414,157416,157418,157420,157422],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,157413,63],{"class":62},[56,157415,67],{"class":66},[56,157417,3107],{"class":237},[56,157419,3366],{"class":66},[56,157421,115],{"class":79},[56,157423,77240],{"class":66},[14,157425,130],{},[47,157427,157429],{"className":49,"code":157428,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[18,157430,157431],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157432,157433,157435,157437,157439,157441,157443,157445],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157434,67],{"class":66},[56,157436,36354],{"class":79},[56,157438,1080],{"class":66},[56,157440,50363],{"class":79},[56,157442,1080],{"class":66},[56,157444,4553],{"class":79},[56,157446,241],{"class":66},[615,157448,157450],{"id":157449},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[47,157452,157454],{"className":49,"code":157453,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[18,157455,157456,157484,157488],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157457,157458,157460,157462,157464,157466,157468,157470,157472,157474,157476,157478,157480,157482],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157459,3075],{"class":284},[56,157461,288],{"class":75},[56,157463,8724],{"class":66},[56,157465,406],{"class":79},[56,157467,1080],{"class":66},[56,157469,7272],{"class":79},[56,157471,1080],{"class":66},[56,157473,7277],{"class":79},[56,157475,1080],{"class":66},[56,157477,50363],{"class":79},[56,157479,1080],{"class":66},[56,157481,4553],{"class":79},[56,157483,241],{"class":66},[56,157485,157486],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,157487,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,157489,157490,157492,157494,157496,157498,157500,157502,157504],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,157491,63],{"class":62},[56,157493,67],{"class":66},[56,157495,3107],{"class":237},[56,157497,3366],{"class":66},[56,157499,1077],{"class":79},[56,157501,971],{"class":66},[56,157503,584],{"class":79},[56,157505,3354],{"class":66},[14,157507,130],{},[47,157509,157511],{"className":49,"code":157510,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[18,157512,157513],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157514,157515,157517,157519,157521,157523,157525,157527],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157516,67],{"class":66},[56,157518,15253],{"class":79},[56,157520,1080],{"class":66},[56,157522,7277],{"class":79},[56,157524,1080],{"class":66},[56,157526,50363],{"class":79},[56,157528,241],{"class":66},[615,157530,157532],{"id":157531},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[47,157534,157536],{"className":49,"code":157535,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[18,157537,157538,157570,157574],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157539,157540,157542,157544,157546,157548,157550,157552,157554,157556,157558,157560,157562,157564,157566,157568],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157541,3075],{"class":284},[56,157543,288],{"class":75},[56,157545,8724],{"class":66},[56,157547,406],{"class":79},[56,157549,1080],{"class":66},[56,157551,7272],{"class":79},[56,157553,1080],{"class":66},[56,157555,7277],{"class":79},[56,157557,1080],{"class":66},[56,157559,50363],{"class":79},[56,157561,1080],{"class":66},[56,157563,4553],{"class":79},[56,157565,1080],{"class":66},[56,157567,75624],{"class":79},[56,157569,241],{"class":66},[56,157571,157572],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,157573,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,157575,157576,157578,157580,157582,157584,157586],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,157577,63],{"class":62},[56,157579,67],{"class":66},[56,157581,3107],{"class":237},[56,157583,73646],{"class":66},[56,157585,115],{"class":79},[56,157587,3354],{"class":66},[14,157589,130],{},[47,157591,157593],{"className":49,"code":157592,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[18,157594,157595],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157596,157597,157599,157601,157603,157605,157607,157609],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157598,67],{"class":66},[56,157600,406],{"class":79},[56,157602,1080],{"class":66},[56,157604,7277],{"class":79},[56,157606,1080],{"class":66},[56,157608,4553],{"class":79},[56,157610,241],{"class":66},[615,157612,157614],{"id":157613},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[47,157616,157618],{"className":49,"code":157617,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[18,157619,157620,157648,157652],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157621,157622,157624,157626,157628,157630,157632,157634,157636,157638,157640,157642,157644,157646],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157623,3075],{"class":284},[56,157625,288],{"class":75},[56,157627,8724],{"class":66},[56,157629,406],{"class":79},[56,157631,1080],{"class":66},[56,157633,7272],{"class":79},[56,157635,1080],{"class":66},[56,157637,7277],{"class":79},[56,157639,1080],{"class":66},[56,157641,50363],{"class":79},[56,157643,1080],{"class":66},[56,157645,4553],{"class":79},[56,157647,241],{"class":66},[56,157649,157650],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,157651,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,157653,157654,157656,157658,157660,157662,157664,157666],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,157655,63],{"class":62},[56,157657,67],{"class":66},[56,157659,3107],{"class":237},[56,157661,73646],{"class":66},[56,157663,76],{"class":75},[56,157665,1077],{"class":79},[56,157667,3354],{"class":66},[14,157669,130],{},[47,157671,157673],{"className":49,"code":157672,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[18,157674,157675],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157676,157677,157679,157681,157683,157685,157687,157689,157691,157693,157695,157697],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157678,67],{"class":66},[56,157680,76318],{"class":79},[56,157682,1080],{"class":66},[56,157684,50363],{"class":79},[56,157686,1080],{"class":66},[56,157688,7277],{"class":79},[56,157690,1080],{"class":66},[56,157692,7272],{"class":79},[56,157694,1080],{"class":66},[56,157696,5481],{"class":79},[56,157698,241],{"class":66},[42,157700,75834],{"id":75833},[14,157702,153885],{},[14,157704,157705],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[615,157707,157709],{"id":157708},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[47,157711,157713],{"className":49,"code":157712,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[18,157714,157715,157747,157751],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157716,157717,157719,157721,157723,157725,157727,157729,157731,157733,157735,157737,157739,157741,157743,157745],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157718,3075],{"class":284},[56,157720,288],{"class":75},[56,157722,8724],{"class":66},[56,157724,406],{"class":79},[56,157726,1080],{"class":66},[56,157728,7272],{"class":79},[56,157730,1080],{"class":66},[56,157732,7277],{"class":79},[56,157734,1080],{"class":66},[56,157736,50363],{"class":79},[56,157738,1080],{"class":66},[56,157740,4553],{"class":79},[56,157742,1080],{"class":66},[56,157744,75624],{"class":79},[56,157746,241],{"class":66},[56,157748,157749],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,157750,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,157752,157753,157755,157757,157759,157761,157763,157765],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,157754,63],{"class":62},[56,157756,67],{"class":66},[56,157758,3107],{"class":237},[56,157760,3366],{"class":66},[56,157762,76],{"class":75},[56,157764,121],{"class":79},[56,157766,77240],{"class":66},[14,157768,130],{},[47,157770,157772],{"className":49,"code":157771,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[18,157773,157774],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157775,157776,157778,157780,157782,157784,157786,157788],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157777,67],{"class":66},[56,157779,56214],{"class":79},[56,157781,1080],{"class":66},[56,157783,4553],{"class":79},[56,157785,1080],{"class":66},[56,157787,75624],{"class":79},[56,157789,241],{"class":66},[615,157791,157793],{"id":157792},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[47,157795,157797],{"className":49,"code":157796,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[18,157798,157799,157827,157831],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157800,157801,157803,157805,157807,157809,157811,157813,157815,157817,157819,157821,157823,157825],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157802,3075],{"class":284},[56,157804,288],{"class":75},[56,157806,8724],{"class":66},[56,157808,406],{"class":79},[56,157810,1080],{"class":66},[56,157812,7272],{"class":79},[56,157814,1080],{"class":66},[56,157816,7277],{"class":79},[56,157818,1080],{"class":66},[56,157820,50363],{"class":79},[56,157822,1080],{"class":66},[56,157824,4553],{"class":79},[56,157826,241],{"class":66},[56,157828,157829],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,157830,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,157832,157833,157835,157837,157839,157841,157843,157845],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,157834,63],{"class":62},[56,157836,67],{"class":66},[56,157838,3107],{"class":237},[56,157840,75059],{"class":66},[56,157842,76],{"class":75},[56,157844,1077],{"class":79},[56,157846,3354],{"class":66},[14,157848,130],{},[47,157850,157852],{"className":49,"code":157851,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[18,157853,157854],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157855,157856,157858,157860,157862,157864,157866,157868,157870,157872],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157857,67],{"class":66},[56,157859,406],{"class":79},[56,157861,1080],{"class":66},[56,157863,7272],{"class":79},[56,157865,1080],{"class":66},[56,157867,7277],{"class":79},[56,157869,1080],{"class":66},[56,157871,50363],{"class":79},[56,157873,241],{"class":66},[14,157875,157876,157877,497],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[372,157878,150435],{"href":156769},[42,157880,157882],{"id":157881},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[14,157884,16,157885,157887],{},[18,157886,74953],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[26,157889,157890,157892,157894,157900],{},[29,157891,76090],{},[29,157893,76093],{},[29,157895,157896,157899],{},[18,157897,157898],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[29,157901,157902,157903,157905],{},"A step of ",[18,157904,181],{}," is not allowed",[14,157907,157908],{},"Example with a positive step:",[47,157910,157912],{"className":49,"code":157911,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[18,157913,157914,157946,157950],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157915,157916,157918,157920,157922,157924,157926,157928,157930,157932,157934,157936,157938,157940,157942,157944],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157917,3075],{"class":284},[56,157919,288],{"class":75},[56,157921,8724],{"class":66},[56,157923,406],{"class":79},[56,157925,1080],{"class":66},[56,157927,7272],{"class":79},[56,157929,1080],{"class":66},[56,157931,7277],{"class":79},[56,157933,1080],{"class":66},[56,157935,50363],{"class":79},[56,157937,1080],{"class":66},[56,157939,4553],{"class":79},[56,157941,1080],{"class":66},[56,157943,75624],{"class":79},[56,157945,241],{"class":66},[56,157947,157948],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,157949,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,157951,157952,157954,157956,157958,157960,157962,157964,157966,157968,157970],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,157953,63],{"class":62},[56,157955,67],{"class":66},[56,157957,3107],{"class":237},[56,157959,3366],{"class":66},[56,157961,1077],{"class":79},[56,157963,971],{"class":66},[56,157965,80118],{"class":79},[56,157967,971],{"class":66},[56,157969,115],{"class":79},[56,157971,3354],{"class":66},[14,157973,130],{},[47,157975,157977],{"className":49,"code":157976,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[18,157978,157979],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,157980,157981,157983,157985,157987,157989,157991,157993],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,157982,67],{"class":66},[56,157984,15253],{"class":79},[56,157986,1080],{"class":66},[56,157988,50363],{"class":79},[56,157990,1080],{"class":66},[56,157992,75624],{"class":79},[56,157994,241],{"class":66},[14,157996,157997],{},"Example with a negative step:",[47,157999,158001],{"className":49,"code":158000,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[18,158002,158003,158031,158035],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158004,158005,158007,158009,158011,158013,158015,158017,158019,158021,158023,158025,158027,158029],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158006,3075],{"class":284},[56,158008,288],{"class":75},[56,158010,8724],{"class":66},[56,158012,406],{"class":79},[56,158014,1080],{"class":66},[56,158016,7272],{"class":79},[56,158018,1080],{"class":66},[56,158020,7277],{"class":79},[56,158022,1080],{"class":66},[56,158024,50363],{"class":79},[56,158026,1080],{"class":66},[56,158028,4553],{"class":79},[56,158030,241],{"class":66},[56,158032,158033],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,158034,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,158036,158037,158039,158041,158043,158045,158047,158049,158051,158053,158055,158057],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,158038,63],{"class":62},[56,158040,67],{"class":66},[56,158042,3107],{"class":237},[56,158044,3366],{"class":66},[56,158046,584],{"class":79},[56,158048,971],{"class":66},[56,158050,1077],{"class":79},[56,158052,971],{"class":66},[56,158054,76],{"class":75},[56,158056,1077],{"class":79},[56,158058,3354],{"class":66},[14,158060,130],{},[47,158062,158064],{"className":49,"code":158063,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[18,158065,158066],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158067,158068,158070,158072,158074,158076,158078,158080],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158069,67],{"class":66},[56,158071,76318],{"class":79},[56,158073,1080],{"class":66},[56,158075,50363],{"class":79},[56,158077,1080],{"class":66},[56,158079,7277],{"class":79},[56,158081,241],{"class":66},[14,158083,158084],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[47,158086,158088],{"className":49,"code":158087,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[18,158089,158090,158110,158114],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158091,158092,158094,158096,158098,158100,158102,158104,158106,158108],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158093,3075],{"class":284},[56,158095,288],{"class":75},[56,158097,8724],{"class":66},[56,158099,406],{"class":79},[56,158101,1080],{"class":66},[56,158103,7272],{"class":79},[56,158105,1080],{"class":66},[56,158107,7277],{"class":79},[56,158109,241],{"class":66},[56,158111,158112],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,158113,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,158115,158116,158118,158120,158122,158124,158126],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,158117,63],{"class":62},[56,158119,67],{"class":66},[56,158121,3107],{"class":237},[56,158123,73646],{"class":66},[56,158125,181],{"class":79},[56,158127,3354],{"class":66},[14,158129,158130],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[42,158132,158134],{"id":158133},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[14,158136,158137,158138,33250],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[3205,158139,48472],{},[615,158141,158143],{"id":158142},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[47,158145,158147],{"className":49,"code":158146,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,158148,158149,158173,158177,158195,158199,158209],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158150,158151,158153,158155,158157,158159,158161,158163,158165,158167,158169,158171],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158152,3075],{"class":284},[56,158154,288],{"class":75},[56,158156,8724],{"class":66},[56,158158,406],{"class":79},[56,158160,1080],{"class":66},[56,158162,7272],{"class":79},[56,158164,1080],{"class":66},[56,158166,7277],{"class":79},[56,158168,1080],{"class":66},[56,158170,50363],{"class":79},[56,158172,241],{"class":66},[56,158174,158175],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,158176,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,158178,158179,158181,158183,158185,158187,158189,158191,158193],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,158180,299],{"class":284},[56,158182,288],{"class":75},[56,158184,3731],{"class":284},[56,158186,3366],{"class":66},[56,158188,1077],{"class":79},[56,158190,971],{"class":66},[56,158192,121],{"class":79},[56,158194,3093],{"class":66},[56,158196,158197],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,158198,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,158200,158201,158203,158205,158207],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,158202,63],{"class":62},[56,158204,67],{"class":66},[56,158206,338],{"class":237},[56,158208,241],{"class":66},[56,158210,158211,158213,158215,158217,158219,158221],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,158212,63],{"class":62},[56,158214,67],{"class":66},[56,158216,1314],{"class":989},[56,158218,67],{"class":66},[56,158220,338],{"class":237},[56,158222,83],{"class":66},[14,158224,130],{},[47,158226,158228],{"className":49,"code":158227,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,158229,158230,158242],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158231,158232,158234,158236,158238,158240],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158233,67],{"class":66},[56,158235,15253],{"class":79},[56,158237,1080],{"class":66},[56,158239,7277],{"class":79},[56,158241,241],{"class":66},[56,158243,158244,158246,158248,158250,158252,158254],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,158245,1383],{"class":75},[56,158247,1386],{"class":124},[56,158249,1389],{"class":937},[56,158251,48472],{"class":941},[56,158253,1394],{"class":937},[56,158255,1397],{"class":75},[615,158257,158259],{"id":158258},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[47,158261,158263],{"className":49,"code":158262,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[18,158264,158265,158285,158289,158307,158311,158321],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158266,158267,158269,158271,158273,158275,158277,158279,158281,158283],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158268,3075],{"class":284},[56,158270,288],{"class":75},[56,158272,8724],{"class":66},[56,158274,406],{"class":79},[56,158276,1080],{"class":66},[56,158278,7272],{"class":79},[56,158280,1080],{"class":66},[56,158282,7277],{"class":79},[56,158284,241],{"class":66},[56,158286,158287],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,158288,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,158290,158291,158293,158295,158297,158299,158301,158303,158305],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,158292,299],{"class":284},[56,158294,288],{"class":75},[56,158296,3731],{"class":284},[56,158298,3366],{"class":66},[56,158300,1077],{"class":79},[56,158302,971],{"class":66},[56,158304,115],{"class":79},[56,158306,3093],{"class":66},[56,158308,158309],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,158310,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,158312,158313,158315,158317,158319],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,158314,63],{"class":62},[56,158316,67],{"class":66},[56,158318,338],{"class":237},[56,158320,241],{"class":66},[56,158322,158323,158325,158327,158329,158331,158333],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,158324,63],{"class":62},[56,158326,67],{"class":66},[56,158328,1314],{"class":989},[56,158330,67],{"class":66},[56,158332,338],{"class":237},[56,158334,83],{"class":66},[14,158336,130],{},[47,158338,158340],{"className":49,"code":158339,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[18,158341,158342,158350],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158343,158344,158346,158348],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158345,67],{"class":66},[56,158347,15253],{"class":79},[56,158349,148869],{"class":66},[56,158351,158352,158354,158356,158358,158360,158362],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,158353,1383],{"class":75},[56,158355,1386],{"class":124},[56,158357,1389],{"class":937},[56,158359,48472],{"class":941},[56,158361,1394],{"class":937},[56,158363,1397],{"class":75},[615,158365,158367],{"id":158366},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[47,158369,158371],{"className":49,"code":158370,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[18,158372,158373,158393,158397],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158374,158375,158377,158379,158381,158383,158385,158387,158389,158391],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158376,3075],{"class":284},[56,158378,288],{"class":75},[56,158380,8724],{"class":66},[56,158382,406],{"class":79},[56,158384,1080],{"class":66},[56,158386,7272],{"class":79},[56,158388,1080],{"class":66},[56,158390,7277],{"class":79},[56,158392,241],{"class":66},[56,158394,158395],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,158396,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,158398,158399,158401,158403,158405,158407,158409,158411,158413],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,158400,63],{"class":62},[56,158402,67],{"class":66},[56,158404,3107],{"class":237},[56,158406,3366],{"class":66},[56,158408,198],{"class":79},[56,158410,971],{"class":66},[56,158412,421],{"class":79},[56,158414,3354],{"class":66},[14,158416,130],{},[47,158418,158419],{"className":49,"code":8129,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,158420,158421],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158422,158423],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158424,8129],{"class":66},[14,158426,158427,158428,497],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[372,158429,155605],{"href":150492},[42,158431,158433],{"id":158432},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[14,158435,158436],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[26,158438,158439,158441,158444,158449],{},[29,158440,76399],{},[29,158442,158443],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[29,158445,158446,158447],{},"Indexing can raise ",[18,158448,70255],{},[29,158450,158451],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[14,158453,274],{},[47,158455,158457],{"className":49,"code":158456,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[18,158458,158459,158479,158483,158500,158521],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158460,158461,158463,158465,158467,158469,158471,158473,158475,158477],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158462,3075],{"class":284},[56,158464,288],{"class":75},[56,158466,8724],{"class":66},[56,158468,406],{"class":79},[56,158470,1080],{"class":66},[56,158472,7272],{"class":79},[56,158474,1080],{"class":66},[56,158476,7277],{"class":79},[56,158478,241],{"class":66},[56,158480,158481],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,158482,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,158484,158485,158487,158489,158491,158493,158495,158497],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,158486,63],{"class":62},[56,158488,67],{"class":66},[56,158490,3107],{"class":237},[56,158492,3366],{"class":66},[56,158494,1077],{"class":79},[56,158496,19948],{"class":66},[56,158498,158499],{"class":3123},"    # one item\n",[56,158501,158502,158504,158506,158508,158510,158512,158514,158516,158518],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,158503,63],{"class":62},[56,158505,67],{"class":66},[56,158507,3107],{"class":237},[56,158509,3366],{"class":66},[56,158511,1077],{"class":79},[56,158513,971],{"class":66},[56,158515,198],{"class":79},[56,158517,19948],{"class":66},[56,158519,158520],{"class":3123},"  # slice\n",[56,158522,158523,158525,158527,158529,158531,158533,158535,158537,158539],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,158524,63],{"class":62},[56,158526,67],{"class":66},[56,158528,3107],{"class":237},[56,158530,3366],{"class":66},[56,158532,198],{"class":79},[56,158534,971],{"class":66},[56,158536,421],{"class":79},[56,158538,19948],{"class":66},[56,158540,158541],{"class":3123},"  # empty slice\n",[14,158543,130],{},[47,158545,158547],{"className":49,"code":158546,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[18,158548,158549,158553,158565],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158550,158551],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158552,70748],{"class":79},[56,158554,158555,158557,158559,158561,158563],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,158556,67],{"class":66},[56,158558,15253],{"class":79},[56,158560,1080],{"class":66},[56,158562,7277],{"class":79},[56,158564,241],{"class":66},[56,158566,158567],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,158568,8129],{"class":66},[14,158570,158571],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[47,158573,158575],{"className":49,"code":158574,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[18,158576,158577,158597,158601],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158578,158579,158581,158583,158585,158587,158589,158591,158593,158595],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158580,3075],{"class":284},[56,158582,288],{"class":75},[56,158584,8724],{"class":66},[56,158586,406],{"class":79},[56,158588,1080],{"class":66},[56,158590,7272],{"class":79},[56,158592,1080],{"class":66},[56,158594,7277],{"class":79},[56,158596,241],{"class":66},[56,158598,158599],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,158600,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,158602,158603,158605,158607,158609,158611,158613],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,158604,63],{"class":62},[56,158606,67],{"class":66},[56,158608,3107],{"class":237},[56,158610,3366],{"class":66},[56,158612,198],{"class":79},[56,158614,3354],{"class":66},[14,158616,158617,158618,158620,158621,497],{},"This raises an ",[18,158619,70255],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[372,158622,154358],{"href":158623},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[42,158625,14675],{"id":76666},[14,158627,158628],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[26,158630,158631,158634,158636,158639],{},[29,158632,158633],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[29,158635,60215],{},[29,158637,158638],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[29,158640,158641,158642],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[18,158643,181],{},[14,158645,158646],{},"Here are a few examples.",[615,158648,158650],{"id":158649},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[47,158652,158653],{"className":49,"code":157453,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,158654,158655,158683,158687],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158656,158657,158659,158661,158663,158665,158667,158669,158671,158673,158675,158677,158679,158681],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158658,3075],{"class":284},[56,158660,288],{"class":75},[56,158662,8724],{"class":66},[56,158664,406],{"class":79},[56,158666,1080],{"class":66},[56,158668,7272],{"class":79},[56,158670,1080],{"class":66},[56,158672,7277],{"class":79},[56,158674,1080],{"class":66},[56,158676,50363],{"class":79},[56,158678,1080],{"class":66},[56,158680,4553],{"class":79},[56,158682,241],{"class":66},[56,158684,158685],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,158686,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,158688,158689,158691,158693,158695,158697,158699,158701,158703],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,158690,63],{"class":62},[56,158692,67],{"class":66},[56,158694,3107],{"class":237},[56,158696,3366],{"class":66},[56,158698,1077],{"class":79},[56,158700,971],{"class":66},[56,158702,584],{"class":79},[56,158704,3354],{"class":66},[14,158706,130],{},[47,158708,158709],{"className":49,"code":157510,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,158710,158711],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158712,158713,158715,158717,158719,158721,158723,158725],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158714,67],{"class":66},[56,158716,15253],{"class":79},[56,158718,1080],{"class":66},[56,158720,7277],{"class":79},[56,158722,1080],{"class":66},[56,158724,50363],{"class":79},[56,158726,241],{"class":66},[14,158728,131937,158729,158731],{},[18,158730,584],{}," is not included.",[615,158733,158735],{"id":158734},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[14,158737,3995],{},[47,158739,158741],{"className":49,"code":158740,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[18,158742,158743,158767,158771],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158744,158745,158747,158749,158751,158753,158755,158757,158759,158761,158763,158765],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158746,3075],{"class":284},[56,158748,288],{"class":75},[56,158750,8724],{"class":66},[56,158752,406],{"class":79},[56,158754,1080],{"class":66},[56,158756,7272],{"class":79},[56,158758,1080],{"class":66},[56,158760,7277],{"class":79},[56,158762,1080],{"class":66},[56,158764,50363],{"class":79},[56,158766,241],{"class":66},[56,158768,158769],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,158770,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,158772,158773],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,158774,158775],{"class":3123},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[14,158777,158778],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[47,158780,158781],{"className":49,"code":154438,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,158782,158783,158807,158811],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158784,158785,158787,158789,158791,158793,158795,158797,158799,158801,158803,158805],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158786,3075],{"class":284},[56,158788,288],{"class":75},[56,158790,8724],{"class":66},[56,158792,406],{"class":79},[56,158794,1080],{"class":66},[56,158796,7272],{"class":79},[56,158798,1080],{"class":66},[56,158800,7277],{"class":79},[56,158802,1080],{"class":66},[56,158804,50363],{"class":79},[56,158806,241],{"class":66},[56,158808,158809],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,158810,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,158812,158813,158815,158817,158819,158821,158823,158825,158827],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,158814,63],{"class":62},[56,158816,67],{"class":66},[56,158818,3107],{"class":237},[56,158820,3366],{"class":66},[56,158822,1077],{"class":79},[56,158824,971],{"class":66},[56,158826,121],{"class":79},[56,158828,3354],{"class":66},[615,158830,158832],{"id":158831},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[47,158834,158836],{"className":49,"code":158835,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[18,158837,158838,158862,158866,158881,158885,158896],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158839,158840,158842,158844,158846,158848,158850,158852,158854,158856,158858,158860],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158841,3075],{"class":284},[56,158843,288],{"class":75},[56,158845,8724],{"class":66},[56,158847,406],{"class":79},[56,158849,1080],{"class":66},[56,158851,7272],{"class":79},[56,158853,1080],{"class":66},[56,158855,7277],{"class":79},[56,158857,1080],{"class":66},[56,158859,50363],{"class":79},[56,158861,241],{"class":66},[56,158863,158864],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,158865,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,158867,158868,158871,158873,158875,158877,158879],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,158869,158870],{"class":284},"slice_result ",[56,158872,288],{"class":75},[56,158874,3731],{"class":284},[56,158876,75059],{"class":66},[56,158878,115],{"class":79},[56,158880,3093],{"class":66},[56,158882,158883],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,158884,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,158886,158887,158889,158891,158894],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,158888,63],{"class":62},[56,158890,67],{"class":66},[56,158892,158893],{"class":237},"slice_result",[56,158895,241],{"class":66},[56,158897,158898,158900,158902,158904],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,158899,63],{"class":62},[56,158901,67],{"class":66},[56,158903,3107],{"class":237},[56,158905,241],{"class":66},[14,158907,130],{},[47,158909,158911],{"className":49,"code":158910,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[18,158912,158913,158925],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158914,158915,158917,158919,158921,158923],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158916,67],{"class":66},[56,158918,406],{"class":79},[56,158920,1080],{"class":66},[56,158922,7272],{"class":79},[56,158924,241],{"class":66},[56,158926,158927,158929,158931,158933,158935,158937,158939,158941,158943],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,158928,67],{"class":66},[56,158930,406],{"class":79},[56,158932,1080],{"class":66},[56,158934,7272],{"class":79},[56,158936,1080],{"class":66},[56,158938,7277],{"class":79},[56,158940,1080],{"class":66},[56,158942,50363],{"class":79},[56,158944,241],{"class":66},[14,158946,158947],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[42,158949,113251],{"id":113250},[14,158951,158952],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[26,158954,158955,158958,158961,158967,158970],{},[29,158956,158957],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[29,158959,158960],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[29,158962,158963,158964],{},"Using a zero step like ",[18,158965,158966],{},"tuple[::0]",[29,158968,158969],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[29,158971,158972],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[14,158974,158975],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[47,158977,158979],{"className":49,"code":158978,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[18,158980,158981,158991,159009,159031],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,158982,158983,158985,158987,158989],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,158984,63],{"class":62},[56,158986,67],{"class":66},[56,158988,147531],{"class":237},[56,158990,241],{"class":66},[56,158992,158993,158995,158997,158999,159001,159003,159005,159007],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,158994,63],{"class":62},[56,158996,67],{"class":66},[56,158998,147531],{"class":237},[56,159000,3366],{"class":66},[56,159002,1077],{"class":79},[56,159004,971],{"class":66},[56,159006,584],{"class":79},[56,159008,3354],{"class":66},[56,159010,159011,159013,159015,159017,159019,159021,159023,159025,159027,159029],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,159012,63],{"class":62},[56,159014,67],{"class":66},[56,159016,1314],{"class":989},[56,159018,67],{"class":66},[56,159020,147531],{"class":237},[56,159022,3366],{"class":66},[56,159024,1077],{"class":79},[56,159026,971],{"class":66},[56,159028,584],{"class":79},[56,159030,1090],{"class":66},[56,159032,159033,159035,159037,159039,159041,159043],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,159034,63],{"class":62},[56,159036,67],{"class":66},[56,159038,10653],{"class":62},[56,159040,67],{"class":66},[56,159042,147531],{"class":237},[56,159044,83],{"class":66},[14,159046,10662],{},[26,159048,159049,159051,159054,159057],{},[29,159050,154745],{},[29,159052,159053],{},"what the slice actually returns",[29,159055,159056],{},"that the result is a tuple",[29,159058,159059],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[42,159061,1553],{"id":1552},[615,159063,159065],{"id":159064},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[14,159067,159068],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[615,159070,159072],{"id":159071},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[14,159074,159075],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[615,159077,4615,159079,39475],{"id":159078},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[18,159080,157898],{},[14,159082,159083],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[615,159085,159087,159088,571],{"id":159086},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[18,159089,70255],{},[14,159091,159092,159093,497],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[18,159094,70255],{},[42,159096,1601],{"id":1600},[26,159098,159099,159103,159107,159111,159115],{},[29,159100,159101],{},[372,159102,155605],{"href":150492},[29,159104,159105],{},[372,159106,149186],{"href":152612},[29,159108,159109],{},[372,159110,150435],{"href":156769},[29,159112,159113],{},[372,159114,147513],{"href":157131},[29,159116,159117],{},[372,159118,154358],{"href":158623},[1633,159120,159121],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":159123},[159124,159125,159126,159127,159135,159139,159140,159145,159146,159151,159152,159160],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":156931,"depth":86,"text":156932},{"id":157134,"depth":86,"text":157135},{"id":75539,"depth":86,"text":75540,"children":159128},[159129,159131,159132,159133,159134],{"id":157292,"depth":102,"text":159130},"Get the first n items",{"id":157371,"depth":102,"text":157372},{"id":157449,"depth":102,"text":157450},{"id":157531,"depth":102,"text":157532},{"id":157613,"depth":102,"text":157614},{"id":75833,"depth":86,"text":75834,"children":159136},[159137,159138],{"id":157708,"depth":102,"text":157709},{"id":157792,"depth":102,"text":157793},{"id":157881,"depth":86,"text":157882},{"id":158133,"depth":86,"text":158134,"children":159141},[159142,159143,159144],{"id":158142,"depth":102,"text":158143},{"id":158258,"depth":102,"text":158259},{"id":158366,"depth":102,"text":158367},{"id":158432,"depth":86,"text":158433},{"id":76666,"depth":86,"text":14675,"children":159147},[159148,159149,159150],{"id":158649,"depth":102,"text":158650},{"id":158734,"depth":102,"text":158735},{"id":158831,"depth":102,"text":158832},{"id":113250,"depth":86,"text":113251},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":159153},[159154,159155,159156,159158],{"id":159064,"depth":102,"text":159065},{"id":159071,"depth":102,"text":159072},{"id":159078,"depth":102,"text":159157},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159086,"depth":102,"text":159159},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156775,"description":159161},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159168,"title":159169,"body":159170,"description":160993,"extension":1665,"meta":160994,"navigation":316,"path":34318,"seo":160995,"stem":160996,"__hash__":160997},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159171,"toc":160959},[159172,159177,159182,159186,159204,159207,159222,159228,159230,159287,159289,159321,159333,159339,159344,159347,159382,159388,159390,159393,159407,159410,159412,159435,159437,159455,159458,159474,159476,159479,159592,159594,159683,159686,159691,159697,159700,159703,159802,159804,159863,159868,159871,159940,159944,159976,159992,159997,160004,160011,160023,160025,160074,160076,160099,160105,160153,160158,160165,160173,160179,160182,160206,160209,160211,160287,160289,160314,160320,160323,160328,160332,160346,160348,160411,160413,160445,160448,160464,160466,160472,160479,160481,160500,160502,160520,160527,160532,160539,160541,160578,160581,160588,160592,160595,160653,160656,160659,160714,160716,160728,160734,160736,160740,160773,160780,160782,160845,160848,160850,160855,160869,160876,160884,160893,160902,160908,160914,160916,160956],[10,159173,3031,159175,3035],{"id":159174},"python-type-function-explained",[18,159176,377],{},[14,159178,31825,159179,159181],{},[18,159180,377],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[14,159183,62290,159184,104095],{},[18,159185,377],{},[26,159187,159188,159191,159194,159197],{},[29,159189,159190],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[29,159192,159193],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[29,159195,159196],{},"debug confusing code",[29,159198,159199,159200],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[372,159201,159202],{"href":7703},[18,159203,1046],{},[14,159205,159206],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[47,159208,159210],{"className":49,"code":159209,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"type(object)\n",[18,159211,159212],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159213,159214,159216,159218,159220],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159215,1314],{"class":989},[56,159217,67],{"class":66},[56,159219,41915],{"class":989},[56,159221,241],{"class":66},[14,159223,159224,159225,159227],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[18,159226,377],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[42,159229,3065],{"id":3064},[47,159231,159233],{"className":49,"code":159232,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,159234,159235,159247,159261,159265,159273],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159236,159237,159239,159241,159243,159245],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159238,7359],{"class":284},[56,159240,288],{"class":75},[56,159242,1448],{"class":937},[56,159244,4476],{"class":941},[56,159246,1454],{"class":937},[56,159248,159249,159251,159253,159255,159257,159259],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,159250,63],{"class":62},[56,159252,67],{"class":66},[56,159254,1314],{"class":989},[56,159256,67],{"class":66},[56,159258,7149],{"class":237},[56,159260,83],{"class":66},[56,159262,159263],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,159264,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,159266,159267,159269,159271],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,159268,285],{"class":284},[56,159270,288],{"class":75},[56,159272,668],{"class":79},[56,159274,159275,159277,159279,159281,159283,159285],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,159276,63],{"class":62},[56,159278,67],{"class":66},[56,159280,1314],{"class":989},[56,159282,67],{"class":66},[56,159284,309],{"class":237},[56,159286,83],{"class":66},[14,159288,130],{},[47,159290,159291],{"className":49,"code":124598,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,159292,159293,159307],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159294,159295,159297,159299,159301,159303,159305],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159296,1383],{"class":75},[56,159298,1386],{"class":124},[56,159300,1389],{"class":937},[56,159302,1540],{"class":941},[56,159304,1394],{"class":937},[56,159306,1397],{"class":75},[56,159308,159309,159311,159313,159315,159317,159319],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,159310,1383],{"class":75},[56,159312,1386],{"class":124},[56,159314,1389],{"class":937},[56,159316,254],{"class":941},[56,159318,1394],{"class":937},[56,159320,1397],{"class":75},[14,159322,153,159323,159326,159327,3862,159330,497],{},[18,159324,159325],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[18,159328,159329],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[18,159331,159332],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[42,159334,12492,159336,159338],{"id":159335},"what-the-type-function-does",[18,159337,377],{}," function does",[14,159340,159341,159343],{},[18,159342,377],{}," returns the type of an object.",[14,159345,159346],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[26,159348,159349,159354,159359,159364,159369,159374],{},[29,159350,159351,159353],{},[18,159352,1540],{}," for text",[29,159355,159356,159358],{},[18,159357,254],{}," for whole numbers",[29,159360,159361,159363],{},[18,159362,258],{}," for decimal numbers",[29,159365,159366,159368],{},[18,159367,7577],{}," for lists",[29,159370,159371,159373],{},[18,159372,8308],{}," for dictionaries",[29,159375,159376,68619,159378,3862,159380],{},[18,159377,3332],{},[18,159379,3060],{},[18,159381,3134],{},[14,159383,159384,159385,159387],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[18,159386,377],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[42,159389,220],{"id":219},[14,159391,159392],{},"The main beginner form is:",[47,159394,159395],{"className":49,"code":159209,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,159396,159397],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159398,159399,159401,159403,159405],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159400,1314],{"class":989},[56,159402,67],{"class":66},[56,159404,41915],{"class":989},[56,159406,241],{"class":66},[14,159408,159409],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[14,159411,274],{},[47,159413,159415],{"className":49,"code":159414,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[18,159416,159417],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159418,159419,159421,159423,159425,159427,159429,159431,159433],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159420,63],{"class":62},[56,159422,67],{"class":66},[56,159424,1314],{"class":989},[56,159426,67],{"class":66},[56,159428,938],{"class":937},[56,159430,3309],{"class":941},[56,159432,938],{"class":937},[56,159434,83],{"class":66},[14,159436,130],{},[47,159438,159439],{"className":49,"code":45288,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,159440,159441],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159442,159443,159445,159447,159449,159451,159453],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159444,1383],{"class":75},[56,159446,1386],{"class":124},[56,159448,1389],{"class":937},[56,159450,1540],{"class":941},[56,159452,1394],{"class":937},[56,159454,1397],{"class":75},[14,159456,159457],{},"You can pass either:",[26,159459,159460,159467],{},[29,159461,159462,159463,964,159465],{},"a literal value such as ",[18,159464,64058],{},[18,159466,46044],{},[29,159468,159469,159470,964,159472],{},"a variable such as ",[18,159471,7149],{},[18,159473,8787],{},[42,159475,121410],{"id":121409},[14,159477,159478],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[47,159480,159482],{"className":49,"code":159481,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[18,159483,159484,159502,159516,159530,159552,159578],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159485,159486,159488,159490,159492,159494,159496,159498,159500],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159487,63],{"class":62},[56,159489,67],{"class":66},[56,159491,1314],{"class":989},[56,159493,67],{"class":66},[56,159495,938],{"class":937},[56,159497,3309],{"class":941},[56,159499,938],{"class":937},[56,159501,83],{"class":66},[56,159503,159504,159506,159508,159510,159512,159514],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,159505,63],{"class":62},[56,159507,67],{"class":66},[56,159509,1314],{"class":989},[56,159511,67],{"class":66},[56,159513,406],{"class":79},[56,159515,83],{"class":66},[56,159517,159518,159520,159522,159524,159526,159528],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,159519,63],{"class":62},[56,159521,67],{"class":66},[56,159523,1314],{"class":989},[56,159525,67],{"class":66},[56,159527,39658],{"class":79},[56,159529,83],{"class":66},[56,159531,159532,159534,159536,159538,159540,159542,159544,159546,159548,159550],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,159533,63],{"class":62},[56,159535,67],{"class":66},[56,159537,1314],{"class":989},[56,159539,1074],{"class":66},[56,159541,1077],{"class":79},[56,159543,1080],{"class":66},[56,159545,1083],{"class":79},[56,159547,1080],{"class":66},[56,159549,529],{"class":79},[56,159551,1090],{"class":66},[56,159553,159554,159556,159558,159560,159562,159564,159566,159568,159570,159572,159574,159576],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,159555,63],{"class":62},[56,159557,67],{"class":66},[56,159559,1314],{"class":989},[56,159561,5005],{"class":66},[56,159563,938],{"class":937},[56,159565,7149],{"class":941},[56,159567,938],{"class":937},[56,159569,971],{"class":66},[56,159571,1448],{"class":937},[56,159573,4476],{"class":941},[56,159575,938],{"class":937},[56,159577,5014],{"class":66},[56,159579,159580,159582,159584,159586,159588,159590],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,159581,63],{"class":62},[56,159583,67],{"class":66},[56,159585,1314],{"class":989},[56,159587,67],{"class":66},[56,159589,3060],{"class":3316},[56,159591,83],{"class":66},[14,159593,130],{},[47,159595,159597],{"className":49,"code":159596,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[18,159598,159599,159613,159627,159641,159655,159669],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159600,159601,159603,159605,159607,159609,159611],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159602,1383],{"class":75},[56,159604,1386],{"class":124},[56,159606,1389],{"class":937},[56,159608,1540],{"class":941},[56,159610,1394],{"class":937},[56,159612,1397],{"class":75},[56,159614,159615,159617,159619,159621,159623,159625],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,159616,1383],{"class":75},[56,159618,1386],{"class":124},[56,159620,1389],{"class":937},[56,159622,254],{"class":941},[56,159624,1394],{"class":937},[56,159626,1397],{"class":75},[56,159628,159629,159631,159633,159635,159637,159639],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,159630,1383],{"class":75},[56,159632,1386],{"class":124},[56,159634,1389],{"class":937},[56,159636,258],{"class":941},[56,159638,1394],{"class":937},[56,159640,1397],{"class":75},[56,159642,159643,159645,159647,159649,159651,159653],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,159644,1383],{"class":75},[56,159646,1386],{"class":124},[56,159648,1389],{"class":937},[56,159650,7577],{"class":941},[56,159652,1394],{"class":937},[56,159654,1397],{"class":75},[56,159656,159657,159659,159661,159663,159665,159667],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,159658,1383],{"class":75},[56,159660,1386],{"class":124},[56,159662,1389],{"class":937},[56,159664,8308],{"class":941},[56,159666,1394],{"class":937},[56,159668,1397],{"class":75},[56,159670,159671,159673,159675,159677,159679,159681],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,159672,1383],{"class":75},[56,159674,1386],{"class":124},[56,159676,1389],{"class":937},[56,159678,3332],{"class":941},[56,159680,1394],{"class":937},[56,159682,1397],{"class":75},[14,159684,159685],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[14,159687,159688,159689,497],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[372,159690,44315],{"href":48497},[42,159692,7902,159694,159696],{"id":159693},"using-type-with-variables",[18,159695,377],{}," with variables",[14,159698,159699],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[14,159701,159702],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[47,159704,159706],{"className":49,"code":159705,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[18,159707,159708,159716,159734,159738,159750,159768,159772,159784],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159709,159710,159712,159714],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159711,524],{"class":284},[56,159713,288],{"class":75},[56,159715,668],{"class":79},[56,159717,159718,159720,159722,159724,159726,159728,159730,159732],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,159719,63],{"class":62},[56,159721,67],{"class":66},[56,159723,551],{"class":237},[56,159725,1080],{"class":66},[56,159727,48909],{"class":989},[56,159729,67],{"class":66},[56,159731,551],{"class":237},[56,159733,83],{"class":66},[56,159735,159736],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,159737,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,159739,159740,159742,159744,159746,159748],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,159741,524],{"class":284},[56,159743,288],{"class":75},[56,159745,1448],{"class":937},[56,159747,45425],{"class":941},[56,159749,1454],{"class":937},[56,159751,159752,159754,159756,159758,159760,159762,159764,159766],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,159753,63],{"class":62},[56,159755,67],{"class":66},[56,159757,551],{"class":237},[56,159759,1080],{"class":66},[56,159761,48909],{"class":989},[56,159763,67],{"class":66},[56,159765,551],{"class":237},[56,159767,83],{"class":66},[56,159769,159770],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,159771,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,159773,159774,159776,159778,159780,159782],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,159775,524],{"class":284},[56,159777,288],{"class":75},[56,159779,3080],{"class":66},[56,159781,406],{"class":79},[56,159783,3093],{"class":66},[56,159785,159786,159788,159790,159792,159794,159796,159798,159800],{"class":58,"line":5904},[56,159787,63],{"class":62},[56,159789,67],{"class":66},[56,159791,551],{"class":237},[56,159793,1080],{"class":66},[56,159795,48909],{"class":989},[56,159797,67],{"class":66},[56,159799,551],{"class":237},[56,159801,83],{"class":66},[14,159803,130],{},[47,159805,159807],{"className":49,"code":159806,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[18,159808,159809,159826,159843],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159810,159811,159813,159816,159818,159820,159822,159824],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159812,406],{"class":79},[56,159814,159815],{"class":75}," \u003C",[56,159817,1386],{"class":124},[56,159819,1389],{"class":937},[56,159821,254],{"class":941},[56,159823,1394],{"class":937},[56,159825,1397],{"class":75},[56,159827,159828,159831,159833,159835,159837,159839,159841],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,159829,159830],{"class":284},"ten ",[56,159832,1383],{"class":75},[56,159834,1386],{"class":124},[56,159836,1389],{"class":937},[56,159838,1540],{"class":941},[56,159840,1394],{"class":937},[56,159842,1397],{"class":75},[56,159844,159845,159847,159849,159851,159853,159855,159857,159859,159861],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,159846,3366],{"class":66},[56,159848,406],{"class":79},[56,159850,12770],{"class":66},[56,159852,159815],{"class":75},[56,159854,1386],{"class":124},[56,159856,1389],{"class":937},[56,159858,7577],{"class":941},[56,159860,1394],{"class":937},[56,159862,1397],{"class":75},[14,159864,159865,159867],{},[18,159866,377],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[14,159869,159870],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[47,159872,159874],{"className":49,"code":159873,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[18,159875,159876,159894,159908,159912,159926],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159877,159878,159880,159882,159884,159886,159888,159890,159892],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159879,1487],{"class":284},[56,159881,288],{"class":75},[56,159883,7726],{"class":62},[56,159885,67],{"class":66},[56,159887,938],{"class":937},[56,159889,41387],{"class":941},[56,159891,938],{"class":937},[56,159893,241],{"class":66},[56,159895,159896,159898,159900,159902,159904,159906],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,159897,63],{"class":62},[56,159899,67],{"class":66},[56,159901,1314],{"class":989},[56,159903,67],{"class":66},[56,159905,1514],{"class":237},[56,159907,83],{"class":66},[56,159909,159910],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,159911,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,159913,159914,159916,159918,159920,159922,159924],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,159915,122522],{"class":284},[56,159917,288],{"class":75},[56,159919,44794],{"class":989},[56,159921,67],{"class":66},[56,159923,1514],{"class":237},[56,159925,241],{"class":66},[56,159927,159928,159930,159932,159934,159936,159938],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,159929,63],{"class":62},[56,159931,67],{"class":66},[56,159933,1314],{"class":989},[56,159935,67],{"class":66},[56,159937,122545],{"class":237},[56,159939,83],{"class":66},[14,159941,40636,159942,40640],{},[18,159943,8681],{},[47,159945,159946],{"className":49,"code":124598,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,159947,159948,159962],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,159949,159950,159952,159954,159956,159958,159960],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,159951,1383],{"class":75},[56,159953,1386],{"class":124},[56,159955,1389],{"class":937},[56,159957,1540],{"class":941},[56,159959,1394],{"class":937},[56,159961,1397],{"class":75},[56,159963,159964,159966,159968,159970,159972,159974],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,159965,1383],{"class":75},[56,159967,1386],{"class":124},[56,159969,1389],{"class":937},[56,159971,254],{"class":941},[56,159973,1394],{"class":937},[56,159975,1397],{"class":75},[14,159977,45221,159978,159982,159983,964,159987,159991],{},[372,159979,159980],{"href":7703},[18,159981,1046],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[372,159984,159985],{"href":960},[18,159986,963],{},[372,159988,159989],{"href":967},[18,159990,970],{}," if you need a number.",[14,159993,159994,159995,497],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[372,159996,8468],{"href":8467},[42,159998,160000,10075,160002],{"id":159999},"type-vs-isinstance",[18,160001,377],{},[18,160003,44323],{},[14,160005,160006,3862,160008,160010],{},[18,160007,377],{},[18,160009,44323],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[26,160012,160013,160018],{},[29,160014,160015,160017],{},[18,160016,377],{}," tells you the exact type",[29,160019,160020,160022],{},[18,160021,44323],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[14,160024,274],{},[47,160026,160028],{"className":49,"code":160027,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,160029,160030,160038,160042,160056],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160031,160032,160034,160036],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160033,524],{"class":284},[56,160035,288],{"class":75},[56,160037,34352],{"class":79},[56,160039,160040],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,160041,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,160043,160044,160046,160048,160050,160052,160054],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,160045,63],{"class":62},[56,160047,67],{"class":66},[56,160049,1314],{"class":989},[56,160051,67],{"class":66},[56,160053,551],{"class":237},[56,160055,83],{"class":66},[56,160057,160058,160060,160062,160064,160066,160068,160070,160072],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,160059,63],{"class":62},[56,160061,67],{"class":66},[56,160063,48394],{"class":62},[56,160065,67],{"class":66},[56,160067,551],{"class":237},[56,160069,1080],{"class":66},[56,160071,44794],{"class":989},[56,160073,83],{"class":66},[14,160075,130],{},[47,160077,160079],{"className":49,"code":160078,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[18,160080,160081,160095],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160082,160083,160085,160087,160089,160091,160093],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160084,1383],{"class":75},[56,160086,1386],{"class":124},[56,160088,1389],{"class":937},[56,160090,254],{"class":941},[56,160092,1394],{"class":937},[56,160094,1397],{"class":75},[56,160096,160097],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,160098,3446],{"class":3316},[14,160100,160101,160102,160104],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[18,160103,44323],{}," is more practical.",[47,160106,160108],{"className":49,"code":160107,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[18,160109,160110,160118,160122,160138],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160111,160112,160114,160116],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160113,524],{"class":284},[56,160115,288],{"class":75},[56,160117,34352],{"class":79},[56,160119,160120],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,160121,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,160123,160124,160126,160128,160130,160132,160134,160136],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,160125,6477],{"class":3341},[56,160127,49132],{"class":62},[56,160129,67],{"class":66},[56,160131,551],{"class":237},[56,160133,1080],{"class":66},[56,160135,44794],{"class":989},[56,160137,7826],{"class":66},[56,160139,160140,160142,160144,160146,160149,160151],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,160141,7552],{"class":62},[56,160143,67],{"class":66},[56,160145,938],{"class":937},[56,160147,160148],{"class":941},"This is an integer",[56,160150,938],{"class":937},[56,160152,241],{"class":66},[14,160154,153,160155,160157],{},[18,160156,377],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[14,160159,153,160160,160162,160163,6652],{},[18,160161,44323],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[18,160164,6477],{},[14,160166,160167,160168,497],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[372,160169,3031,160171,1610],{"href":160170},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[18,160172,44323],{},[42,160174,160176,160177],{"id":160175},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[18,160178,377],{},[14,160180,160181],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[47,160183,160185],{"className":49,"code":160184,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[18,160186,160187],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160188,160189,160191,160193,160195,160197,160200,160202,160204],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160190,1314],{"class":989},[56,160192,67],{"class":66},[56,160194,7149],{"class":237},[56,160196,1080],{"class":66},[56,160198,160199],{"class":237}," bases",[56,160201,1080],{"class":66},[56,160203,8658],{"class":989},[56,160205,241],{"class":66},[14,160207,160208],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[14,160210,274],{},[47,160212,160214],{"className":49,"code":160213,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[18,160215,160216,160259,160263,160273],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160217,160218,160221,160223,160225,160227,160229,160232,160234,160236,160239,160241,160243,160246,160248,160250,160252,160255,160257],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160219,160220],{"class":284},"Person ",[56,160222,288],{"class":75},[56,160224,48909],{"class":989},[56,160226,67],{"class":66},[56,160228,938],{"class":937},[56,160230,160231],{"class":941},"Person",[56,160233,938],{"class":937},[56,160235,1080],{"class":66},[56,160237,160238],{"class":66}," (),",[56,160240,9980],{"class":66},[56,160242,938],{"class":937},[56,160244,160245],{"class":941},"species",[56,160247,938],{"class":937},[56,160249,971],{"class":66},[56,160251,1448],{"class":937},[56,160253,160254],{"class":941},"human",[56,160256,938],{"class":937},[56,160258,30003],{"class":66},[56,160260,160261],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,160262,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,160264,160265,160267,160269,160271],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,160266,63],{"class":62},[56,160268,67],{"class":66},[56,160270,160231],{"class":237},[56,160272,241],{"class":66},[56,160274,160275,160277,160279,160281,160283,160285],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,160276,63],{"class":62},[56,160278,67],{"class":66},[56,160280,160231],{"class":237},[56,160282,497],{"class":66},[56,160284,160245],{"class":24254},[56,160286,241],{"class":66},[14,160288,130],{},[47,160290,160292],{"className":49,"code":160291,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[18,160293,160294,160309],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160295,160296,160298,160300,160302,160305,160307],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160297,1383],{"class":75},[56,160299,1386],{"class":124},[56,160301,1389],{"class":937},[56,160303,160304],{"class":941},"__main__.Person",[56,160306,1394],{"class":937},[56,160308,1397],{"class":75},[56,160310,160311],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,160312,160313],{"class":284},"human\n",[14,160315,160316,160317,160319],{},"Most beginners do ",[3205,160318,4101],{}," need this form.",[14,160321,160322],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[42,160324,4433,160326],{"id":160325},"when-to-use-type",[18,160327,377],{},[14,160329,160330,11939],{},[18,160331,377],{},[26,160333,160334,160337,160340,160343],{},[29,160335,160336],{},"debug unexpected values",[29,160338,160339],{},"check what a conversion produced",[29,160341,160342],{},"learn Python data types",[29,160344,160345],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[14,160347,4947],{},[47,160349,160351],{"className":49,"code":160350,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[18,160352,160353,160365,160379,160383,160397],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160354,160355,160357,160359,160361,160363],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160356,34197],{"class":284},[56,160358,288],{"class":75},[56,160360,1448],{"class":937},[56,160362,49765],{"class":941},[56,160364,1454],{"class":937},[56,160366,160367,160369,160371,160373,160375,160377],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,160368,285],{"class":284},[56,160370,288],{"class":75},[56,160372,44794],{"class":989},[56,160374,67],{"class":66},[56,160376,34218],{"class":237},[56,160378,241],{"class":66},[56,160380,160381],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,160382,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,160384,160385,160387,160389,160391,160393,160395],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,160386,63],{"class":62},[56,160388,67],{"class":66},[56,160390,1314],{"class":989},[56,160392,67],{"class":66},[56,160394,34218],{"class":237},[56,160396,83],{"class":66},[56,160398,160399,160401,160403,160405,160407,160409],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,160400,63],{"class":62},[56,160402,67],{"class":66},[56,160404,1314],{"class":989},[56,160406,67],{"class":66},[56,160408,309],{"class":237},[56,160410,83],{"class":66},[14,160412,130],{},[47,160414,160415],{"className":49,"code":124598,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,160416,160417,160431],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160418,160419,160421,160423,160425,160427,160429],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160420,1383],{"class":75},[56,160422,1386],{"class":124},[56,160424,1389],{"class":937},[56,160426,1540],{"class":941},[56,160428,1394],{"class":937},[56,160430,1397],{"class":75},[56,160432,160433,160435,160437,160439,160441,160443],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,160434,1383],{"class":75},[56,160436,1386],{"class":124},[56,160438,1389],{"class":937},[56,160440,254],{"class":941},[56,160442,1394],{"class":937},[56,160444,1397],{"class":75},[14,160446,160447],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[14,160449,160450,160451,255,160455,16572,160459,160463],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[372,160452,160453],{"href":41691},[18,160454,47202],{},[372,160456,160457],{"href":960},[18,160458,963],{},[372,160460,160461],{"href":967},[18,160462,970],{}," are often the next step.",[42,160465,24862],{"id":24861},[14,160467,160468,160469,160471],{},"A few things about ",[18,160470,377],{}," often confuse beginners.",[615,160473,160475,160478],{"id":160474},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[18,160476,160477],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[14,160480,64167],{},[47,160482,160484],{"className":49,"code":160483,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(5))\n",[18,160485,160486],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160487,160488,160490,160492,160494,160496,160498],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160489,63],{"class":62},[56,160491,67],{"class":66},[56,160493,1314],{"class":989},[56,160495,67],{"class":66},[56,160497,198],{"class":79},[56,160499,83],{"class":66},[14,160501,122441],{},[47,160503,160504],{"className":49,"code":155953,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,160505,160506],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160507,160508,160510,160512,160514,160516,160518],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160509,1383],{"class":75},[56,160511,1386],{"class":124},[56,160513,1389],{"class":937},[56,160515,254],{"class":941},[56,160517,1394],{"class":937},[56,160519,1397],{"class":75},[14,160521,40421,160522,160524,160525,497],{},[3205,160523,4101],{}," print just ",[18,160526,254],{},[14,160528,6156,160529,160531],{},[18,160530,377],{}," returns a class object.",[615,160533,160535,473,160537],{"id":160534},"input-returns-str",[18,160536,1046],{},[18,160538,1540],{},[14,160540,79066],{},[47,160542,160544],{"className":49,"code":160543,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[18,160545,160546,160564],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160547,160548,160550,160552,160554,160556,160558,160560,160562],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160549,524],{"class":284},[56,160551,288],{"class":75},[56,160553,7726],{"class":62},[56,160555,67],{"class":66},[56,160557,938],{"class":937},[56,160559,45828],{"class":941},[56,160561,938],{"class":937},[56,160563,241],{"class":66},[56,160565,160566,160568,160570,160572,160574,160576],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,160567,63],{"class":62},[56,160569,67],{"class":66},[56,160571,1314],{"class":989},[56,160573,67],{"class":66},[56,160575,551],{"class":237},[56,160577,83],{"class":66},[14,160579,160580],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[14,160582,160583,160584,964,160586,497],{},"If you need a number, use ",[18,160585,963],{},[18,160587,970],{},[615,160589,160591],{"id":160590},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[14,160593,160594],{},"Avoid code like this:",[47,160596,160598],{"className":49,"code":160597,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[18,160599,160600,160608,160612,160638],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160601,160602,160604,160606],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160603,524],{"class":284},[56,160605,288],{"class":75},[56,160607,34352],{"class":79},[56,160609,160610],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,160611,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,160613,160614,160616,160618,160620,160622,160624,160626,160628,160630,160632,160634,160636],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,160615,6477],{"class":3341},[56,160617,48423],{"class":989},[56,160619,67],{"class":66},[56,160621,1314],{"class":989},[56,160623,67],{"class":66},[56,160625,551],{"class":237},[56,160627,4836],{"class":66},[56,160629,5886],{"class":75},[56,160631,1448],{"class":937},[56,160633,159332],{"class":941},[56,160635,938],{"class":937},[56,160637,5871],{"class":66},[56,160639,160640,160642,160644,160646,160649,160651],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,160641,7552],{"class":62},[56,160643,67],{"class":66},[56,160645,938],{"class":937},[56,160647,160648],{"class":941},"It is an int",[56,160650,938],{"class":937},[56,160652,241],{"class":66},[14,160654,160655],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[14,160657,160658],{},"Better options:",[47,160660,160662],{"className":49,"code":160661,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[18,160663,160664,160672,160676,160696],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160665,160666,160668,160670],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160667,524],{"class":284},[56,160669,288],{"class":75},[56,160671,34352],{"class":79},[56,160673,160674],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,160675,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,160677,160678,160680,160682,160684,160686,160688,160690,160692,160694],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,160679,63],{"class":62},[56,160681,67],{"class":66},[56,160683,1314],{"class":989},[56,160685,67],{"class":66},[56,160687,551],{"class":237},[56,160689,3120],{"class":66},[56,160691,5886],{"class":75},[56,160693,44794],{"class":989},[56,160695,241],{"class":66},[56,160697,160698,160700,160702,160704,160706,160708,160710,160712],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,160699,63],{"class":62},[56,160701,67],{"class":66},[56,160703,48394],{"class":62},[56,160705,67],{"class":66},[56,160707,551],{"class":237},[56,160709,1080],{"class":66},[56,160711,44794],{"class":989},[56,160713,83],{"class":66},[14,160715,130],{},[47,160717,160718],{"className":49,"code":3974,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,160719,160720,160724],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160721,160722],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160723,3446],{"class":3316},[56,160725,160726],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,160727,3446],{"class":3316},[14,160729,160730,160731,160733],{},"In most real code, ",[18,160732,44323],{}," is the more useful check.",[42,160735,912],{"id":911},[14,160737,14231,160738,971],{},[18,160739,377],{},[26,160741,160742,160752,160761,160770],{},[29,160743,7902,160744,160746,160747,160751],{},[18,160745,377],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[372,160748,160749],{"href":7703},[18,160750,1046],{}," always returns a string",[29,160753,7938,160754,160756,160757,10583,160759],{},[18,160755,377],{}," to return plain text like ",[18,160758,254],{},[18,160760,159332],{},[29,160762,7902,160763,44147,160766,160769],{},[18,160764,160765],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[18,160767,160768],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[29,160771,160772],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[14,160774,160775,160776,497],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[372,160777,160779],{"href":160778},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[14,160781,144107],{},[47,160783,160785],{"className":49,"code":160784,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[18,160786,160787,160801,160811,160825,160835],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,160788,160789,160791,160793,160795,160797,160799],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,160790,63],{"class":62},[56,160792,67],{"class":66},[56,160794,1314],{"class":989},[56,160796,67],{"class":66},[56,160798,551],{"class":237},[56,160800,83],{"class":66},[56,160802,160803,160805,160807,160809],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,160804,63],{"class":62},[56,160806,67],{"class":66},[56,160808,551],{"class":237},[56,160810,241],{"class":66},[56,160812,160813,160815,160817,160819,160821,160823],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,160814,63],{"class":62},[56,160816,67],{"class":66},[56,160818,41295],{"class":62},[56,160820,67],{"class":66},[56,160822,551],{"class":237},[56,160824,83],{"class":66},[56,160826,160827,160829,160831,160833],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,160828,31660],{"class":62},[56,160830,67],{"class":66},[56,160832,1314],{"class":989},[56,160834,241],{"class":66},[56,160836,160837,160839,160841,160843],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,160838,33881],{"class":62},[56,160840,67],{"class":66},[56,160842,551],{"class":237},[56,160844,241],{"class":66},[14,160846,160847],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[42,160849,1553],{"id":1552},[615,160851,4615,160853,4618],{"id":160852},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[18,160854,377],{},[14,160856,160857,160858,255,160860,255,160862,259,160864,160866,160867,497],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[18,160859,1540],{},[18,160861,254],{},[18,160863,7577],{},[18,160865,8308],{},", shown as a class object like ",[18,160868,159329],{},[615,160870,14401,160872,56727,160874,571],{"id":160871},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[18,160873,377],{},[18,160875,44323],{},[14,160877,45883,160878,160880,160881,160883],{},[18,160879,377],{}," shows the exact type. ",[18,160882,44323],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[615,160885,4631,160887,160890,160891,571],{"id":160886},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[18,160888,160889],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[18,160892,1540],{},[14,160894,28567,160895,160897,160898,964,160900,159991],{},[18,160896,1046],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[18,160899,963],{},[18,160901,970],{},[615,160903,4643,160905,160907],{"id":160904},"can-type-create-classes",[18,160906,377],{}," create classes?",[14,160909,160910,160911,497],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[18,160912,160913],{},"type(object)",[42,160915,1601],{"id":1600},[26,160917,160918,160922,160928,160934,160938,160944,160950],{},[29,160919,160920],{},[372,160921,44315],{"href":48497},[29,160923,160924],{},[372,160925,3031,160926,1610],{"href":160170},[18,160927,44323],{},[29,160929,160930],{},[372,160931,3031,160932,1610],{"href":7703},[18,160933,1046],{},[29,160935,160936],{},[372,160937,8545],{"href":8467},[29,160939,160940],{},[372,160941,3031,160942,1610],{"href":960},[18,160943,963],{},[29,160945,160946],{},[372,160947,3031,160948,1610],{"href":967},[18,160949,970],{},[29,160951,160952],{},[372,160953,3031,160954,1610],{"href":41691},[18,160955,47202],{},[1633,160957,160958],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":160960},[160961,160962,160964,160965,160966,160968,160970,160972,160974,160981,160982,160992],{"id":3064,"depth":86,"text":3065},{"id":159335,"depth":86,"text":160963},"What the type() function does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":121409,"depth":86,"text":121410},{"id":159693,"depth":86,"text":160967},"Using type() with variables",{"id":159999,"depth":86,"text":160969},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160175,"depth":86,"text":160971},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160325,"depth":86,"text":160973},"When to use type()",{"id":24861,"depth":86,"text":24862,"children":160975},[160976,160978,160980],{"id":160474,"depth":102,"text":160977},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160534,"depth":102,"text":160979},"input() returns str",{"id":160590,"depth":102,"text":160591},{"id":911,"depth":86,"text":912},{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":160983},[160984,160986,160988,160990],{"id":160852,"depth":102,"text":160985},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":160871,"depth":102,"text":160987},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":160886,"depth":102,"text":160989},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":160904,"depth":102,"text":160991},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159169,"description":160993},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":160999,"title":161000,"body":161001,"description":163480,"extension":1665,"meta":163481,"navigation":316,"path":163482,"seo":163483,"stem":163484,"__hash__":163485},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161002,"toc":163437},[161003,161008,161013,161022,161024,161124,161126,161151,161156,161161,161177,161180,161182,161184,161209,161212,161215,161298,161300,161349,161352,161474,161476,161549,161553,161556,161670,161672,161698,161700,161721,161726,161730,161735,161738,161842,161844,161861,161870,161873,161960,161962,161973,161978,161984,161989,161995,161998,162091,162093,162142,162148,162151,162252,162254,162307,162312,162316,162319,162418,162420,162459,162462,162467,162469,162474,162478,162591,162595,162692,162696,162784,162786,162803,162807,162930,162936,162942,162948,162953,162956,162983,162987,162989,163083,163086,163090,163093,163180,163183,163218,163220,163257,163260,163268,163273,163278,163352,163359,163361,163366,163369,163375,163378,163384,163389,163395,163400,163404,163407,163409,163434],[10,161004,3031,161006,3035],{"id":161005},"python-zip-function-explained",[18,161007,63843],{},[14,161009,161010,161012],{},[18,161011,63843],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[14,161014,161015,161016,161018,161019,161021],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[18,161017,63843],{}," inside a ",[18,161020,5434],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[42,161023,45],{"id":44},[47,161025,161027],{"className":49,"code":161026,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,161028,161029,161061,161081,161085,161110],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161030,161031,161033,161035,161037,161039,161041,161043,161045,161047,161049,161051,161053,161055,161057,161059],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161032,4467],{"class":284},[56,161034,288],{"class":75},[56,161036,3080],{"class":66},[56,161038,938],{"class":937},[56,161040,12376],{"class":941},[56,161042,938],{"class":937},[56,161044,1080],{"class":66},[56,161046,1448],{"class":937},[56,161048,35452],{"class":941},[56,161050,938],{"class":937},[56,161052,1080],{"class":66},[56,161054,1448],{"class":937},[56,161056,35461],{"class":941},[56,161058,938],{"class":937},[56,161060,3093],{"class":66},[56,161062,161063,161065,161067,161069,161071,161073,161075,161077,161079],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,161064,4536],{"class":284},[56,161066,288],{"class":75},[56,161068,3080],{"class":66},[56,161070,12999],{"class":79},[56,161072,1080],{"class":66},[56,161074,13004],{"class":79},[56,161076,1080],{"class":66},[56,161078,28426],{"class":79},[56,161080,3093],{"class":66},[56,161082,161083],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,161084,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,161086,161087,161089,161091,161093,161095,161097,161100,161102,161104,161106,161108],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,161088,5434],{"class":3341},[56,161090,35503],{"class":284},[56,161092,1080],{"class":66},[56,161094,4578],{"class":284},[56,161096,3348],{"class":3341},[56,161098,161099],{"class":62}," zip",[56,161101,67],{"class":66},[56,161103,4511],{"class":237},[56,161105,1080],{"class":66},[56,161107,4583],{"class":237},[56,161109,7826],{"class":66},[56,161111,161112,161114,161116,161118,161120,161122],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,161113,7552],{"class":62},[56,161115,67],{"class":66},[56,161117,7149],{"class":237},[56,161119,1080],{"class":66},[56,161121,130387],{"class":237},[56,161123,241],{"class":66},[14,161125,130],{},[47,161127,161129],{"className":49,"code":161128,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[18,161130,161131,161137,161144],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161132,161133,161135],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161134,133406],{"class":284},[56,161136,32644],{"class":79},[56,161138,161139,161142],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,161140,161141],{"class":284},"Ben ",[56,161143,32649],{"class":79},[56,161145,161146,161149],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,161147,161148],{"class":284},"Cara ",[56,161150,32654],{"class":79},[14,161152,153,161153,161155],{},[18,161154,63843],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[42,161157,3138,161159,3141],{"id":161158},"what-zip-does",[18,161160,63843],{},[26,161162,161163,161168,161171,161174],{},[29,161164,161165,161167],{},[18,161166,63843],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[29,161169,161170],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[29,161172,161173],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[29,161175,161176],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[14,161178,161179],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[42,161181,220],{"id":219},[14,161183,6698],{},[47,161185,161187],{"className":49,"code":161186,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[18,161188,161189],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161190,161191,161193,161195,161198,161200,161203,161205,161207],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161192,63913],{"class":62},[56,161194,67],{"class":66},[56,161196,161197],{"class":237},"iterable1",[56,161199,1080],{"class":66},[56,161201,161202],{"class":237}," iterable2",[56,161204,1080],{"class":66},[56,161206,33963],{"class":62},[56,161208,241],{"class":66},[14,161210,161211],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[14,161213,161214],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[47,161216,161218],{"className":49,"code":161217,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[18,161219,161220,161240,161272,161276],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161221,161222,161224,161226,161228,161230,161232,161234,161236,161238],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161223,3075],{"class":284},[56,161225,288],{"class":75},[56,161227,3080],{"class":66},[56,161229,1077],{"class":79},[56,161231,1080],{"class":66},[56,161233,1083],{"class":79},[56,161235,1080],{"class":66},[56,161237,529],{"class":79},[56,161239,3093],{"class":66},[56,161241,161242,161244,161246,161248,161250,161252,161254,161256,161258,161260,161262,161264,161266,161268,161270],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,161243,35602],{"class":284},[56,161245,288],{"class":75},[56,161247,3080],{"class":66},[56,161249,938],{"class":937},[56,161251,372],{"class":941},[56,161253,938],{"class":937},[56,161255,1080],{"class":66},[56,161257,1448],{"class":937},[56,161259,4232],{"class":941},[56,161261,938],{"class":937},[56,161263,1080],{"class":66},[56,161265,1448],{"class":937},[56,161267,9228],{"class":941},[56,161269,938],{"class":937},[56,161271,3093],{"class":66},[56,161273,161274],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,161275,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,161277,161278,161280,161282,161284,161286,161288,161290,161292,161294,161296],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,161279,63],{"class":62},[56,161281,67],{"class":66},[56,161283,7577],{"class":989},[56,161285,67],{"class":66},[56,161287,63913],{"class":62},[56,161289,67],{"class":66},[56,161291,3107],{"class":237},[56,161293,1080],{"class":66},[56,161295,69620],{"class":237},[56,161297,1000],{"class":66},[14,161299,130],{},[47,161301,161303],{"className":49,"code":161302,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[18,161304,161305],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161306,161307,161309,161311,161313,161315,161317,161319,161321,161323,161325,161327,161329,161331,161333,161335,161337,161339,161341,161343,161345,161347],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161308,21243],{"class":66},[56,161310,1077],{"class":79},[56,161312,1080],{"class":66},[56,161314,1389],{"class":937},[56,161316,372],{"class":941},[56,161318,1394],{"class":937},[56,161320,8721],{"class":66},[56,161322,8724],{"class":66},[56,161324,115],{"class":79},[56,161326,1080],{"class":66},[56,161328,1389],{"class":937},[56,161330,4232],{"class":941},[56,161332,1394],{"class":937},[56,161334,8721],{"class":66},[56,161336,8724],{"class":66},[56,161338,121],{"class":79},[56,161340,1080],{"class":66},[56,161342,1389],{"class":937},[56,161344,9228],{"class":941},[56,161346,1394],{"class":937},[56,161348,8737],{"class":66},[14,161350,161351],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[47,161353,161355],{"className":49,"code":161354,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[18,161356,161357,161389,161409,161443,161447],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161358,161359,161361,161363,161365,161367,161369,161371,161373,161375,161377,161379,161381,161383,161385,161387],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161360,4467],{"class":284},[56,161362,288],{"class":75},[56,161364,3080],{"class":66},[56,161366,938],{"class":937},[56,161368,12376],{"class":941},[56,161370,938],{"class":937},[56,161372,1080],{"class":66},[56,161374,1448],{"class":937},[56,161376,35452],{"class":941},[56,161378,938],{"class":937},[56,161380,1080],{"class":66},[56,161382,1448],{"class":937},[56,161384,35461],{"class":941},[56,161386,938],{"class":937},[56,161388,3093],{"class":66},[56,161390,161391,161393,161395,161397,161399,161401,161403,161405,161407],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,161392,4536],{"class":284},[56,161394,288],{"class":75},[56,161396,3080],{"class":66},[56,161398,12999],{"class":79},[56,161400,1080],{"class":66},[56,161402,13004],{"class":79},[56,161404,1080],{"class":66},[56,161406,28426],{"class":79},[56,161408,3093],{"class":66},[56,161410,161411,161414,161416,161418,161420,161422,161424,161426,161428,161430,161432,161434,161436,161439,161441],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,161412,161413],{"class":284},"grades ",[56,161415,288],{"class":75},[56,161417,3080],{"class":66},[56,161419,938],{"class":937},[56,161421,21748],{"class":941},[56,161423,938],{"class":937},[56,161425,1080],{"class":66},[56,161427,1448],{"class":937},[56,161429,30107],{"class":941},[56,161431,938],{"class":937},[56,161433,1080],{"class":66},[56,161435,1448],{"class":937},[56,161437,161438],{"class":941},"B+",[56,161440,938],{"class":937},[56,161442,3093],{"class":66},[56,161444,161445],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,161446,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,161448,161449,161451,161453,161455,161457,161459,161461,161463,161465,161467,161469,161472],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,161450,63],{"class":62},[56,161452,67],{"class":66},[56,161454,7577],{"class":989},[56,161456,67],{"class":66},[56,161458,63913],{"class":62},[56,161460,67],{"class":66},[56,161462,4511],{"class":237},[56,161464,1080],{"class":66},[56,161466,4583],{"class":237},[56,161468,1080],{"class":66},[56,161470,161471],{"class":237}," grades",[56,161473,1000],{"class":66},[14,161475,130],{},[47,161477,161479],{"className":49,"code":161478,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[18,161480,161481],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161482,161483,161485,161487,161489,161491,161493,161495,161497,161499,161501,161503,161505,161507,161509,161511,161513,161515,161517,161519,161521,161523,161525,161527,161529,161531,161533,161535,161537,161539,161541,161543,161545,161547],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161484,21243],{"class":66},[56,161486,1394],{"class":937},[56,161488,12376],{"class":941},[56,161490,1394],{"class":937},[56,161492,1080],{"class":66},[56,161494,19400],{"class":79},[56,161496,1080],{"class":66},[56,161498,1389],{"class":937},[56,161500,21748],{"class":941},[56,161502,1394],{"class":937},[56,161504,8721],{"class":66},[56,161506,8724],{"class":66},[56,161508,1394],{"class":937},[56,161510,35452],{"class":941},[56,161512,1394],{"class":937},[56,161514,1080],{"class":66},[56,161516,13004],{"class":79},[56,161518,1080],{"class":66},[56,161520,1389],{"class":937},[56,161522,30107],{"class":941},[56,161524,1394],{"class":937},[56,161526,8721],{"class":66},[56,161528,8724],{"class":66},[56,161530,1394],{"class":937},[56,161532,35461],{"class":941},[56,161534,1394],{"class":937},[56,161536,1080],{"class":66},[56,161538,28426],{"class":79},[56,161540,1080],{"class":66},[56,161542,1389],{"class":937},[56,161544,161438],{"class":941},[56,161546,1394],{"class":937},[56,161548,8737],{"class":66},[42,161550,161552],{"id":161551},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[14,161554,161555],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[47,161557,161559],{"className":49,"code":161558,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[18,161560,161561,161593,161613,161617,161641],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161562,161563,161565,161567,161569,161571,161573,161575,161577,161579,161581,161583,161585,161587,161589,161591],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161564,4467],{"class":284},[56,161566,288],{"class":75},[56,161568,3080],{"class":66},[56,161570,938],{"class":937},[56,161572,12376],{"class":941},[56,161574,938],{"class":937},[56,161576,1080],{"class":66},[56,161578,1448],{"class":937},[56,161580,35452],{"class":941},[56,161582,938],{"class":937},[56,161584,1080],{"class":66},[56,161586,1448],{"class":937},[56,161588,35461],{"class":941},[56,161590,938],{"class":937},[56,161592,3093],{"class":66},[56,161594,161595,161597,161599,161601,161603,161605,161607,161609,161611],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,161596,4536],{"class":284},[56,161598,288],{"class":75},[56,161600,3080],{"class":66},[56,161602,12999],{"class":79},[56,161604,1080],{"class":66},[56,161606,13004],{"class":79},[56,161608,1080],{"class":66},[56,161610,28426],{"class":79},[56,161612,3093],{"class":66},[56,161614,161615],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,161616,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,161618,161619,161621,161623,161625,161627,161629,161631,161633,161635,161637,161639],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,161620,5434],{"class":3341},[56,161622,35503],{"class":284},[56,161624,1080],{"class":66},[56,161626,4578],{"class":284},[56,161628,3348],{"class":3341},[56,161630,161099],{"class":62},[56,161632,67],{"class":66},[56,161634,4511],{"class":237},[56,161636,1080],{"class":66},[56,161638,4583],{"class":237},[56,161640,7826],{"class":66},[56,161642,161643,161645,161647,161649,161651,161653,161655,161657,161660,161662,161664,161666,161668],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,161644,7552],{"class":62},[56,161646,67],{"class":66},[56,161648,21797],{"class":124},[56,161650,938],{"class":941},[56,161652,8766],{"class":79},[56,161654,7149],{"class":237},[56,161656,21806],{"class":79},[56,161658,161659],{"class":941}," scored ",[56,161661,8766],{"class":79},[56,161663,85044],{"class":237},[56,161665,21806],{"class":79},[56,161667,938],{"class":941},[56,161669,241],{"class":66},[14,161671,130],{},[47,161673,161675],{"className":49,"code":161674,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[18,161676,161677,161684,161691],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161678,161679,161682],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161680,161681],{"class":284},"Ana scored ",[56,161683,32644],{"class":79},[56,161685,161686,161689],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,161687,161688],{"class":284},"Ben scored ",[56,161690,32649],{"class":79},[56,161692,161693,161696],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,161694,161695],{"class":284},"Cara scored ",[56,161697,32654],{"class":79},[14,161699,44448],{},[26,161701,161702,161711,161714],{},[29,161703,161704,161707,161708],{},[18,161705,161706],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[18,161709,161710],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[29,161712,161713],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[29,161715,161716,3862,161718,161720],{},[18,161717,7149],{},[18,161719,85044],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[14,161722,161723,161724,497],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[372,161725,69137],{"href":69136},[42,161727,161729],{"id":161728},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[14,161731,161732,161734],{},[18,161733,63843],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,161736,161737],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[47,161739,161741],{"className":49,"code":161740,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,161742,161743,161784,161800,161804,161828],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161744,161745,161747,161749,161751,161753,161755,161757,161759,161761,161763,161765,161767,161769,161771,161773,161775,161777,161780,161782],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161746,4467],{"class":284},[56,161748,288],{"class":75},[56,161750,3080],{"class":66},[56,161752,938],{"class":937},[56,161754,12376],{"class":941},[56,161756,938],{"class":937},[56,161758,1080],{"class":66},[56,161760,1448],{"class":937},[56,161762,35452],{"class":941},[56,161764,938],{"class":937},[56,161766,1080],{"class":66},[56,161768,1448],{"class":937},[56,161770,35461],{"class":941},[56,161772,938],{"class":937},[56,161774,1080],{"class":66},[56,161776,1448],{"class":937},[56,161778,161779],{"class":941},"Dan",[56,161781,938],{"class":937},[56,161783,3093],{"class":66},[56,161785,161786,161788,161790,161792,161794,161796,161798],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,161787,4536],{"class":284},[56,161789,288],{"class":75},[56,161791,3080],{"class":66},[56,161793,12999],{"class":79},[56,161795,1080],{"class":66},[56,161797,13004],{"class":79},[56,161799,3093],{"class":66},[56,161801,161802],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,161803,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,161805,161806,161808,161810,161812,161814,161816,161818,161820,161822,161824,161826],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,161807,5434],{"class":3341},[56,161809,35503],{"class":284},[56,161811,1080],{"class":66},[56,161813,4578],{"class":284},[56,161815,3348],{"class":3341},[56,161817,161099],{"class":62},[56,161819,67],{"class":66},[56,161821,4511],{"class":237},[56,161823,1080],{"class":66},[56,161825,4583],{"class":237},[56,161827,7826],{"class":66},[56,161829,161830,161832,161834,161836,161838,161840],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,161831,7552],{"class":62},[56,161833,67],{"class":66},[56,161835,7149],{"class":237},[56,161837,1080],{"class":66},[56,161839,130387],{"class":237},[56,161841,241],{"class":66},[14,161843,130],{},[47,161845,161847],{"className":49,"code":161846,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[18,161848,161849,161855],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161850,161851,161853],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161852,133406],{"class":284},[56,161854,32644],{"class":79},[56,161856,161857,161859],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,161858,161141],{"class":284},[56,161860,32649],{"class":79},[14,161862,360,161863,3862,161866,161869],{},[18,161864,161865],{},"\"Cara\"",[18,161867,161868],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[14,161871,161872],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[47,161874,161876],{"className":49,"code":161875,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[18,161877,161878,161918,161934,161938],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161879,161880,161882,161884,161886,161888,161890,161892,161894,161896,161898,161900,161902,161904,161906,161908,161910,161912,161914,161916],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161881,4467],{"class":284},[56,161883,288],{"class":75},[56,161885,3080],{"class":66},[56,161887,938],{"class":937},[56,161889,12376],{"class":941},[56,161891,938],{"class":937},[56,161893,1080],{"class":66},[56,161895,1448],{"class":937},[56,161897,35452],{"class":941},[56,161899,938],{"class":937},[56,161901,1080],{"class":66},[56,161903,1448],{"class":937},[56,161905,35461],{"class":941},[56,161907,938],{"class":937},[56,161909,1080],{"class":66},[56,161911,1448],{"class":937},[56,161913,161779],{"class":941},[56,161915,938],{"class":937},[56,161917,3093],{"class":66},[56,161919,161920,161922,161924,161926,161928,161930,161932],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,161921,4536],{"class":284},[56,161923,288],{"class":75},[56,161925,3080],{"class":66},[56,161927,12999],{"class":79},[56,161929,1080],{"class":66},[56,161931,13004],{"class":79},[56,161933,3093],{"class":66},[56,161935,161936],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,161937,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,161939,161940,161942,161944,161946,161948,161950,161952,161954,161956,161958],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,161941,63],{"class":62},[56,161943,67],{"class":66},[56,161945,10653],{"class":62},[56,161947,67],{"class":66},[56,161949,4511],{"class":237},[56,161951,8721],{"class":66},[56,161953,37900],{"class":62},[56,161955,67],{"class":66},[56,161957,15888],{"class":237},[56,161959,83],{"class":66},[14,161961,130],{},[47,161963,161965],{"className":49,"code":161964,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"4 2\n",[18,161966,161967],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,161968,161969,161971],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,161970,584],{"class":79},[56,161972,45107],{"class":79},[14,161974,161975,161976,497],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[18,161977,63843],{},[42,161979,91635,161981,161983],{"id":161980},"converting-zip-output",[18,161982,63843],{}," output",[14,161985,28567,161986,161988],{},[18,161987,63843],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[615,161990,153,161992],{"id":161991},"use-listzip",[18,161993,161994],{},"list(zip(...))",[14,161996,161997],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[47,161999,162001],{"className":49,"code":162000,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[18,162002,162003,162035,162055,162059,162081],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162004,162005,162007,162009,162011,162013,162015,162017,162019,162021,162023,162025,162027,162029,162031,162033],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162006,4467],{"class":284},[56,162008,288],{"class":75},[56,162010,3080],{"class":66},[56,162012,938],{"class":937},[56,162014,12376],{"class":941},[56,162016,938],{"class":937},[56,162018,1080],{"class":66},[56,162020,1448],{"class":937},[56,162022,35452],{"class":941},[56,162024,938],{"class":937},[56,162026,1080],{"class":66},[56,162028,1448],{"class":937},[56,162030,35461],{"class":941},[56,162032,938],{"class":937},[56,162034,3093],{"class":66},[56,162036,162037,162039,162041,162043,162045,162047,162049,162051,162053],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,162038,4536],{"class":284},[56,162040,288],{"class":75},[56,162042,3080],{"class":66},[56,162044,12999],{"class":79},[56,162046,1080],{"class":66},[56,162048,13004],{"class":79},[56,162050,1080],{"class":66},[56,162052,28426],{"class":79},[56,162054,3093],{"class":66},[56,162056,162057],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,162058,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,162060,162061,162063,162065,162067,162069,162071,162073,162075,162077,162079],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,162062,8703],{"class":284},[56,162064,288],{"class":75},[56,162066,22063],{"class":989},[56,162068,67],{"class":66},[56,162070,63913],{"class":62},[56,162072,67],{"class":66},[56,162074,4511],{"class":237},[56,162076,1080],{"class":66},[56,162078,4583],{"class":237},[56,162080,83],{"class":66},[56,162082,162083,162085,162087,162089],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,162084,63],{"class":62},[56,162086,67],{"class":66},[56,162088,8750],{"class":237},[56,162090,241],{"class":66},[14,162092,130],{},[47,162094,162096],{"className":49,"code":162095,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[18,162097,162098],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162099,162100,162102,162104,162106,162108,162110,162112,162114,162116,162118,162120,162122,162124,162126,162128,162130,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162101,21243],{"class":66},[56,162103,1394],{"class":937},[56,162105,12376],{"class":941},[56,162107,1394],{"class":937},[56,162109,1080],{"class":66},[56,162111,19400],{"class":79},[56,162113,8721],{"class":66},[56,162115,8724],{"class":66},[56,162117,1394],{"class":937},[56,162119,35452],{"class":941},[56,162121,1394],{"class":937},[56,162123,1080],{"class":66},[56,162125,13004],{"class":79},[56,162127,8721],{"class":66},[56,162129,8724],{"class":66},[56,162131,1394],{"class":937},[56,162133,35461],{"class":941},[56,162135,1394],{"class":937},[56,162137,1080],{"class":66},[56,162139,28426],{"class":79},[56,162141,8737],{"class":66},[615,162143,153,162145],{"id":162144},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[18,162146,162147],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[14,162149,162150],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[47,162152,162154],{"className":49,"code":162153,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[18,162155,162156,162188,162216,162220,162242],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162157,162158,162160,162162,162164,162166,162168,162170,162172,162174,162176,162178,162180,162182,162184,162186],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162159,16742],{"class":284},[56,162161,288],{"class":75},[56,162163,3080],{"class":66},[56,162165,938],{"class":937},[56,162167,7149],{"class":941},[56,162169,938],{"class":937},[56,162171,1080],{"class":66},[56,162173,1448],{"class":937},[56,162175,8787],{"class":941},[56,162177,938],{"class":937},[56,162179,1080],{"class":66},[56,162181,1448],{"class":937},[56,162183,9898],{"class":941},[56,162185,938],{"class":937},[56,162187,3093],{"class":66},[56,162189,162190,162192,162194,162196,162198,162200,162202,162204,162206,162208,162210,162212,162214],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,162191,3286],{"class":284},[56,162193,288],{"class":75},[56,162195,3080],{"class":66},[56,162197,938],{"class":937},[56,162199,12376],{"class":941},[56,162201,938],{"class":937},[56,162203,1080],{"class":66},[56,162205,8794],{"class":79},[56,162207,1080],{"class":66},[56,162209,1448],{"class":937},[56,162211,15530],{"class":941},[56,162213,938],{"class":937},[56,162215,3093],{"class":66},[56,162217,162218],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,162219,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,162221,162222,162224,162226,162228,162230,162232,162234,162236,162238,162240],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,162223,12701],{"class":284},[56,162225,288],{"class":75},[56,162227,8658],{"class":989},[56,162229,67],{"class":66},[56,162231,63913],{"class":62},[56,162233,67],{"class":66},[56,162235,16423],{"class":237},[56,162237,1080],{"class":66},[56,162239,3351],{"class":237},[56,162241,83],{"class":66},[56,162243,162244,162246,162248,162250],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,162245,63],{"class":62},[56,162247,67],{"class":66},[56,162249,16807],{"class":237},[56,162251,241],{"class":66},[14,162253,130],{},[47,162255,162257],{"className":49,"code":162256,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[18,162258,162259],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162260,162261,162263,162265,162267,162269,162271,162273,162275,162277,162279,162281,162283,162285,162287,162289,162291,162293,162295,162297,162299,162301,162303,162305],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162262,8766],{"class":66},[56,162264,1394],{"class":937},[56,162266,7149],{"class":941},[56,162268,1394],{"class":937},[56,162270,971],{"class":66},[56,162272,1389],{"class":937},[56,162274,12376],{"class":941},[56,162276,1394],{"class":937},[56,162278,1080],{"class":66},[56,162280,1389],{"class":937},[56,162282,8787],{"class":941},[56,162284,1394],{"class":937},[56,162286,971],{"class":66},[56,162288,8794],{"class":79},[56,162290,1080],{"class":66},[56,162292,1389],{"class":937},[56,162294,9898],{"class":941},[56,162296,1394],{"class":937},[56,162298,971],{"class":66},[56,162300,1389],{"class":937},[56,162302,15530],{"class":941},[56,162304,1394],{"class":937},[56,162306,8797],{"class":66},[14,162308,162309,162310,497],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[372,162311,30594],{"href":30593},[615,162313,162315],{"id":162314},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[14,162317,162318],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[47,162320,162322],{"className":49,"code":162321,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[18,162323,162324,162348,162364,162368,162386,162390,162404],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162325,162326,162328,162330,162332,162334,162336,162338,162340,162342,162344,162346],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162327,4467],{"class":284},[56,162329,288],{"class":75},[56,162331,3080],{"class":66},[56,162333,938],{"class":937},[56,162335,12376],{"class":941},[56,162337,938],{"class":937},[56,162339,1080],{"class":66},[56,162341,1448],{"class":937},[56,162343,35452],{"class":941},[56,162345,938],{"class":937},[56,162347,3093],{"class":66},[56,162349,162350,162352,162354,162356,162358,162360,162362],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,162351,4536],{"class":284},[56,162353,288],{"class":75},[56,162355,3080],{"class":66},[56,162357,12999],{"class":79},[56,162359,1080],{"class":66},[56,162361,13004],{"class":79},[56,162363,3093],{"class":66},[56,162365,162366],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,162367,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,162369,162370,162372,162374,162376,162378,162380,162382,162384],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,162371,8703],{"class":284},[56,162373,288],{"class":75},[56,162375,161099],{"class":62},[56,162377,67],{"class":66},[56,162379,4511],{"class":237},[56,162381,1080],{"class":66},[56,162383,4583],{"class":237},[56,162385,241],{"class":66},[56,162387,162388],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,162389,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,162391,162392,162394,162396,162398,162400,162402],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,162393,63],{"class":62},[56,162395,67],{"class":66},[56,162397,7577],{"class":989},[56,162399,67],{"class":66},[56,162401,8750],{"class":237},[56,162403,83],{"class":66},[56,162405,162406,162408,162410,162412,162414,162416],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,162407,63],{"class":62},[56,162409,67],{"class":66},[56,162411,7577],{"class":989},[56,162413,67],{"class":66},[56,162415,8750],{"class":237},[56,162417,83],{"class":66},[14,162419,130],{},[47,162421,162423],{"className":49,"code":162422,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[18,162424,162425,162455],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162426,162427,162429,162431,162433,162435,162437,162439,162441,162443,162445,162447,162449,162451,162453],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162428,21243],{"class":66},[56,162430,1394],{"class":937},[56,162432,12376],{"class":941},[56,162434,1394],{"class":937},[56,162436,1080],{"class":66},[56,162438,19400],{"class":79},[56,162440,8721],{"class":66},[56,162442,8724],{"class":66},[56,162444,1394],{"class":937},[56,162446,35452],{"class":941},[56,162448,1394],{"class":937},[56,162450,1080],{"class":66},[56,162452,13004],{"class":79},[56,162454,8737],{"class":66},[56,162456,162457],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,162458,37811],{"class":66},[14,162460,162461],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[14,162463,162464,162465,497],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[372,162466,4609],{"href":5062},[42,162468,40561],{"id":40560},[14,162470,162471,162472,497],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[18,162473,63843],{},[615,162475,162477],{"id":162476},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[47,162479,162481],{"className":49,"code":162480,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[18,162482,162483,162515,162535,162539,162563],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162484,162485,162487,162489,162491,162493,162495,162497,162499,162501,162503,162505,162507,162509,162511,162513],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162486,4467],{"class":284},[56,162488,288],{"class":75},[56,162490,3080],{"class":66},[56,162492,938],{"class":937},[56,162494,12376],{"class":941},[56,162496,938],{"class":937},[56,162498,1080],{"class":66},[56,162500,1448],{"class":937},[56,162502,35452],{"class":941},[56,162504,938],{"class":937},[56,162506,1080],{"class":66},[56,162508,1448],{"class":937},[56,162510,35461],{"class":941},[56,162512,938],{"class":937},[56,162514,3093],{"class":66},[56,162516,162517,162519,162521,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531,162533],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,162518,4536],{"class":284},[56,162520,288],{"class":75},[56,162522,3080],{"class":66},[56,162524,12999],{"class":79},[56,162526,1080],{"class":66},[56,162528,13004],{"class":79},[56,162530,1080],{"class":66},[56,162532,28426],{"class":79},[56,162534,3093],{"class":66},[56,162536,162537],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,162538,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,162540,162541,162543,162545,162547,162549,162551,162553,162555,162557,162559,162561],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,162542,5434],{"class":3341},[56,162544,35503],{"class":284},[56,162546,1080],{"class":66},[56,162548,4578],{"class":284},[56,162550,3348],{"class":3341},[56,162552,161099],{"class":62},[56,162554,67],{"class":66},[56,162556,4511],{"class":237},[56,162558,1080],{"class":66},[56,162560,4583],{"class":237},[56,162562,7826],{"class":66},[56,162564,162565,162567,162569,162571,162573,162575,162577,162579,162581,162583,162585,162587,162589],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,162566,7552],{"class":62},[56,162568,67],{"class":66},[56,162570,21797],{"class":124},[56,162572,938],{"class":941},[56,162574,8766],{"class":79},[56,162576,7149],{"class":237},[56,162578,21806],{"class":79},[56,162580,21809],{"class":941},[56,162582,8766],{"class":79},[56,162584,85044],{"class":237},[56,162586,21806],{"class":79},[56,162588,938],{"class":941},[56,162590,241],{"class":66},[615,162592,162594],{"id":162593},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[47,162596,162598],{"className":49,"code":162597,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[18,162599,162600,162632,162656,162660,162682],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162601,162602,162604,162606,162608,162610,162612,162614,162616,162618,162620,162622,162624,162626,162628,162630],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162603,16742],{"class":284},[56,162605,288],{"class":75},[56,162607,3080],{"class":66},[56,162609,938],{"class":937},[56,162611,12144],{"class":941},[56,162613,938],{"class":937},[56,162615,1080],{"class":66},[56,162617,1448],{"class":937},[56,162619,7149],{"class":941},[56,162621,938],{"class":937},[56,162623,1080],{"class":66},[56,162625,1448],{"class":937},[56,162627,15320],{"class":941},[56,162629,938],{"class":937},[56,162631,3093],{"class":66},[56,162633,162634,162636,162638,162640,162642,162644,162646,162648,162650,162652,162654],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,162635,3286],{"class":284},[56,162637,288],{"class":75},[56,162639,3080],{"class":66},[56,162641,46110],{"class":79},[56,162643,1080],{"class":66},[56,162645,1448],{"class":937},[56,162647,12376],{"class":941},[56,162649,938],{"class":937},[56,162651,1080],{"class":66},[56,162653,3382],{"class":3316},[56,162655,3093],{"class":66},[56,162657,162658],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,162659,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,162661,162662,162664,162666,162668,162670,162672,162674,162676,162678,162680],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,162663,8653],{"class":284},[56,162665,288],{"class":75},[56,162667,8658],{"class":989},[56,162669,67],{"class":66},[56,162671,63913],{"class":62},[56,162673,67],{"class":66},[56,162675,16423],{"class":237},[56,162677,1080],{"class":66},[56,162679,3351],{"class":237},[56,162681,83],{"class":66},[56,162683,162684,162686,162688,162690],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,162685,63],{"class":62},[56,162687,67],{"class":66},[56,162689,8692],{"class":237},[56,162691,241],{"class":66},[615,162693,162695],{"id":162694},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[47,162697,162699],{"className":49,"code":162698,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[18,162700,162701,162721,162741,162745,162770],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162702,162703,162705,162707,162709,162711,162713,162715,162717,162719],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162704,80182],{"class":284},[56,162706,288],{"class":75},[56,162708,3080],{"class":66},[56,162710,406],{"class":79},[56,162712,1080],{"class":66},[56,162714,7272],{"class":79},[56,162716,1080],{"class":66},[56,162718,7277],{"class":79},[56,162720,3093],{"class":66},[56,162722,162723,162725,162727,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737,162739],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,162724,80203],{"class":284},[56,162726,288],{"class":75},[56,162728,3080],{"class":66},[56,162730,406],{"class":79},[56,162732,1080],{"class":66},[56,162734,8794],{"class":79},[56,162736,1080],{"class":66},[56,162738,7277],{"class":79},[56,162740,3093],{"class":66},[56,162742,162743],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,162744,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,162746,162747,162749,162751,162753,162756,162758,162760,162762,162764,162766,162768],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,162748,5434],{"class":3341},[56,162750,56409],{"class":284},[56,162752,1080],{"class":66},[56,162754,162755],{"class":284}," b ",[56,162757,3348],{"class":3341},[56,162759,161099],{"class":62},[56,162761,67],{"class":66},[56,162763,111274],{"class":237},[56,162765,1080],{"class":66},[56,162767,80246],{"class":237},[56,162769,7826],{"class":66},[56,162771,162772,162774,162776,162778,162780,162782],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,162773,7552],{"class":62},[56,162775,67],{"class":66},[56,162777,635],{"class":237},[56,162779,4159],{"class":75},[56,162781,640],{"class":237},[56,162783,241],{"class":66},[14,162785,130],{},[47,162787,162789],{"className":49,"code":162788,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[18,162790,162791,162795,162799],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162792,162793],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162794,3446],{"class":3316},[56,162796,162797],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,162798,3507],{"class":3316},[56,162800,162801],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,162802,3446],{"class":3316},[615,162804,162806],{"id":162805},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[47,162808,162810],{"className":49,"code":162809,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[18,162811,162812,162847,162870,162874,162901],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162813,162814,162817,162819,162821,162823,162825,162827,162829,162831,162834,162836,162838,162840,162843,162845],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162815,162816],{"class":284},"products ",[56,162818,288],{"class":75},[56,162820,3080],{"class":66},[56,162822,938],{"class":937},[56,162824,24645],{"class":941},[56,162826,938],{"class":937},[56,162828,1080],{"class":66},[56,162830,1448],{"class":937},[56,162832,162833],{"class":941},"Pen",[56,162835,938],{"class":937},[56,162837,1080],{"class":66},[56,162839,1448],{"class":937},[56,162841,162842],{"class":941},"Bag",[56,162844,938],{"class":937},[56,162846,3093],{"class":66},[56,162848,162849,162851,162853,162855,162858,162860,162863,162865,162868],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,162850,82572],{"class":284},[56,162852,288],{"class":75},[56,162854,3080],{"class":66},[56,162856,162857],{"class":79},"12.5",[56,162859,1080],{"class":66},[56,162861,162862],{"class":79}," 1.2",[56,162864,1080],{"class":66},[56,162866,162867],{"class":79}," 25.0",[56,162869,3093],{"class":66},[56,162871,162872],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,162873,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,162875,162876,162878,162880,162882,162885,162887,162889,162891,162894,162896,162899],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,162877,5434],{"class":3341},[56,162879,24706],{"class":284},[56,162881,1080],{"class":66},[56,162883,162884],{"class":284}," price ",[56,162886,3348],{"class":3341},[56,162888,161099],{"class":62},[56,162890,67],{"class":66},[56,162892,162893],{"class":237},"products",[56,162895,1080],{"class":66},[56,162897,162898],{"class":237}," prices",[56,162900,7826],{"class":66},[56,162902,162903,162905,162907,162909,162911,162913,162915,162917,162920,162922,162924,162926,162928],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,162904,7552],{"class":62},[56,162906,67],{"class":66},[56,162908,21797],{"class":124},[56,162910,938],{"class":941},[56,162912,8766],{"class":79},[56,162914,26514],{"class":237},[56,162916,21806],{"class":79},[56,162918,162919],{"class":941}," costs $",[56,162921,8766],{"class":79},[56,162923,24654],{"class":237},[56,162925,21806],{"class":79},[56,162927,938],{"class":941},[56,162929,241],{"class":66},[14,162931,36114,162932,497],{},[372,162933,162935],{"href":162934},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[42,162937,162939,162940],{"id":162938},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[18,162941,63843],{},[615,162943,7938,162945,162947],{"id":162944},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[18,162946,63843],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[14,162949,162950,162952],{},[18,162951,63843],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,162954,162955],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[47,162957,162959],{"className":49,"code":162958,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[18,162960,162961],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162962,162963,162965,162967,162969,162971,162973,162975,162977,162979,162981],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162964,63],{"class":62},[56,162966,67],{"class":66},[56,162968,10653],{"class":62},[56,162970,67],{"class":66},[56,162972,111274],{"class":237},[56,162974,8721],{"class":66},[56,162976,37900],{"class":62},[56,162978,67],{"class":66},[56,162980,80469],{"class":237},[56,162982,83],{"class":66},[615,162984,162986],{"id":162985},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[14,162988,68360],{},[47,162990,162992],{"className":49,"code":162991,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[18,162993,162994,163030,163034,163047,163057,163061,163073],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,162995,162996,162998,163000,163002,163004,163006,163008,163010,163012,163014,163016,163018,163020,163022,163024,163026,163028],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,162997,8703],{"class":284},[56,162999,288],{"class":75},[56,163001,161099],{"class":62},[56,163003,1074],{"class":66},[56,163005,1077],{"class":79},[56,163007,1080],{"class":66},[56,163009,1083],{"class":79},[56,163011,17563],{"class":66},[56,163013,3080],{"class":66},[56,163015,938],{"class":937},[56,163017,372],{"class":941},[56,163019,938],{"class":937},[56,163021,1080],{"class":66},[56,163023,1448],{"class":937},[56,163025,4232],{"class":941},[56,163027,938],{"class":937},[56,163029,3354],{"class":66},[56,163031,163032],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,163033,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,163035,163036,163038,163040,163042,163045],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,163037,5434],{"class":3341},[56,163039,5437],{"class":284},[56,163041,3348],{"class":3341},[56,163043,163044],{"class":284}," pairs",[56,163046,5871],{"class":66},[56,163048,163049,163051,163053,163055],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,163050,7552],{"class":62},[56,163052,67],{"class":66},[56,163054,22814],{"class":237},[56,163056,241],{"class":66},[56,163058,163059],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,163060,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,163062,163063,163065,163067,163069,163071],{"class":58,"line":1499},[56,163064,5434],{"class":3341},[56,163066,5437],{"class":284},[56,163068,3348],{"class":3341},[56,163070,163044],{"class":284},[56,163072,5871],{"class":66},[56,163074,163075,163077,163079,163081],{"class":58,"line":5893},[56,163076,7552],{"class":62},[56,163078,67],{"class":66},[56,163080,22814],{"class":237},[56,163082,241],{"class":66},[14,163084,163085],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[615,163087,163089],{"id":163088},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[14,163091,163092],{},"This is correct:",[47,163094,163096],{"className":49,"code":163095,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[18,163097,163098,163122,163138,163142,163166],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,163099,163100,163102,163104,163106,163108,163110,163112,163114,163116,163118,163120],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,163101,4467],{"class":284},[56,163103,288],{"class":75},[56,163105,3080],{"class":66},[56,163107,938],{"class":937},[56,163109,12376],{"class":941},[56,163111,938],{"class":937},[56,163113,1080],{"class":66},[56,163115,1448],{"class":937},[56,163117,35452],{"class":941},[56,163119,938],{"class":937},[56,163121,3093],{"class":66},[56,163123,163124,163126,163128,163130,163132,163134,163136],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,163125,4536],{"class":284},[56,163127,288],{"class":75},[56,163129,3080],{"class":66},[56,163131,12999],{"class":79},[56,163133,1080],{"class":66},[56,163135,13004],{"class":79},[56,163137,3093],{"class":66},[56,163139,163140],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,163141,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,163143,163144,163146,163148,163150,163152,163154,163156,163158,163160,163162,163164],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,163145,5434],{"class":3341},[56,163147,35503],{"class":284},[56,163149,1080],{"class":66},[56,163151,4578],{"class":284},[56,163153,3348],{"class":3341},[56,163155,161099],{"class":62},[56,163157,67],{"class":66},[56,163159,4511],{"class":237},[56,163161,1080],{"class":66},[56,163163,4583],{"class":237},[56,163165,7826],{"class":66},[56,163167,163168,163170,163172,163174,163176,163178],{"class":58,"line":331},[56,163169,7552],{"class":62},[56,163171,67],{"class":66},[56,163173,7149],{"class":237},[56,163175,1080],{"class":66},[56,163177,130387],{"class":237},[56,163179,241],{"class":66},[14,163181,163182],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[47,163184,163186],{"className":49,"code":163185,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[18,163187,163188,163208],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,163189,163190,163192,163194,163196,163198,163200,163202,163204,163206],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,163191,5434],{"class":3341},[56,163193,5437],{"class":284},[56,163195,3348],{"class":3341},[56,163197,161099],{"class":62},[56,163199,67],{"class":66},[56,163201,4511],{"class":237},[56,163203,1080],{"class":66},[56,163205,4583],{"class":237},[56,163207,7826],{"class":66},[56,163209,163210,163212,163214,163216],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,163211,7552],{"class":62},[56,163213,67],{"class":66},[56,163215,22814],{"class":237},[56,163217,241],{"class":66},[14,163219,130],{},[47,163221,163223],{"className":49,"code":163222,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[18,163224,163225,163241],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,163226,163227,163229,163231,163233,163235,163237,163239],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,163228,67],{"class":66},[56,163230,1394],{"class":937},[56,163232,12376],{"class":941},[56,163234,1394],{"class":937},[56,163236,1080],{"class":66},[56,163238,19400],{"class":79},[56,163240,241],{"class":66},[56,163242,163243,163245,163247,163249,163251,163253,163255],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,163244,67],{"class":66},[56,163246,1394],{"class":937},[56,163248,35452],{"class":941},[56,163250,1394],{"class":937},[56,163252,1080],{"class":66},[56,163254,13004],{"class":79},[56,163256,241],{"class":66},[14,163258,163259],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[615,163261,7902,163263,163265,163266],{"id":163262},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[18,163264,63843],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[18,163267,35260],{},[14,163269,153,163270,163272],{},[18,163271,63843],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[14,163274,153,163275,163277],{},[18,163276,35260],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[47,163279,163280],{"className":49,"code":35429,"language":51,"meta":52,"style":52},[18,163281,163282,163314,163318,163338],{"__ignoreMap":52},[56,163283,163284,163286,163288,163290,163292,163294,163296,163298,163300,163302,163304,163306,163308,163310,163312],{"class":58,"line":59},[56,163285,4467],{"class":284},[56,163287,288],{"class":75},[56,163289,3080],{"class":66},[56,163291,938],{"class":937},[56,163293,12376],{"class":941},[56,163295,938],{"class":937},[56,163297,1080],{"class":66},[56,163299,1448],{"class":937},[56,163301,35452],{"class":941},[56,163303,938],{"class":937},[56,163305,1080],{"class":66},[56,163307,1448],{"class":937},[56,163309,35461],{"class":941},[56,163311,938],{"class":937},[56,163313,3093],{"class":66},[56,163315,163316],{"class":58,"line":86},[56,163317,317],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":316},[56,163319,163320,163322,163324,163326,163328,163330,163332,163334,163336],{"class":58,"line":102},[56,163321,5434],{"class":3341},[56,163323,35332],{"class":284},[56,163325,1080],{"class":66},[56,163327,35480],{"class":284},[56,163329,3348],{"class":3341},[56,163331,35342],{"class":62},[56,163333,67],{"class":66},[56,163335,4511],{"class":237},[56,163337,7826],{"class":66},[56,163339,163340,163342,163344,163346,163348,163350],{"class":58,"line":320},[56,163341,7552],{"class":62},[56,163343,67],{"class":66},[56,163345,35357],{"class":237},[56,163347,1080],{"class":66},[56,163349,35503],{"class":237},[56,163351,241],{"class":66},[14,163353,163354,163355,497],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[372,163356,3031,163357,1610],{"href":91547},[18,163358,35260],{},[42,163360,1553],{"id":1552},[615,163362,4615,163364,4618],{"id":163363},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[18,163365,63843],{},[14,163367,163368],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[615,163370,12199,163372,163374],{"id":163371},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[18,163373,63843],{}," work with different lengths?",[14,163376,163377],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[615,163379,163381,163382,571],{"id":163380},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[18,163383,63843],{},[14,163385,163386,163387,497],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[18,163388,161994],{},[615,163390,163392,163393,571],{"id":163391},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[18,163394,63843],{},[14,163396,127752,163397,163399],{},[18,163398,162147],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[615,163401,163403],{"id":163402},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[14,163405,163406],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[42,163408,1601],{"id":1600},[26,163410,163411,163416,163422,163426,163430],{},[29,163412,163413],{},[372,163414,163415],{"href":162934},"How to use zip in Python",[29,163417,163418],{},[372,163419,3031,163420,1610],{"href":91547},[18,163421,35260],{},[29,163423,163424],{},[372,163425,4690],{"href":5062},[29,163427,163428],{},[372,163429,69213],{"href":69136},[29,163431,163432],{},[372,163433,31768],{"href":30593},[1633,163435,163436],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":52,"searchDepth":86,"depth":86,"links":163438},[163439,163440,163442,163443,163444,163445,163453,163459,163468,163479],{"id":44,"depth":86,"text":45},{"id":161158,"depth":86,"text":163441},"What zip() does",{"id":219,"depth":86,"text":220},{"id":161551,"depth":86,"text":161552},{"id":161728,"depth":86,"text":161729},{"id":161980,"depth":86,"text":163446,"children":163447},"Converting zip() output",[163448,163450,163452],{"id":161991,"depth":102,"text":163449},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162144,"depth":102,"text":163451},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162314,"depth":102,"text":162315},{"id":40560,"depth":86,"text":40561,"children":163454},[163455,163456,163457,163458],{"id":162476,"depth":102,"text":162477},{"id":162593,"depth":102,"text":162594},{"id":162694,"depth":102,"text":162695},{"id":162805,"depth":102,"text":162806},{"id":162938,"depth":86,"text":163460,"children":163461},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163462,163464,163465,163466],{"id":162944,"depth":102,"text":163463},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":162985,"depth":102,"text":162986},{"id":163088,"depth":102,"text":163089},{"id":163262,"depth":102,"text":163467},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1552,"depth":86,"text":1553,"children":163469},[163470,163472,163474,163476,163478],{"id":163363,"depth":102,"text":163471},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163371,"depth":102,"text":163473},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163380,"depth":102,"text":163475},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163391,"depth":102,"text":163477},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163402,"depth":102,"text":163403},{"id":1600,"depth":86,"text":1601},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161000,"description":163480},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944985663]