[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163604},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":1797},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1790,"extension":1791,"meta":1792,"navigation":346,"path":1793,"seo":1794,"stem":1795,"__hash__":1796},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1754},"minimark",[9,19,26,29,49,54,138,149,156,161,180,183,200,203,207,216,234,237,278,281,289,295,382,385,417,423,427,432,472,474,483,490,494,533,535,544,554,558,614,616,624,627,630,677,679,687,693,700,705,708,711,780,782,790,793,862,864,872,886,889,901,905,911,914,917,933,935,943,946,949,952,969,972,975,1005,1007,1020,1024,1028,1031,1046,1051,1054,1082,1089,1092,1133,1140,1146,1154,1157,1209,1216,1281,1286,1295,1298,1316,1322,1325,1468,1474,1479,1482,1493,1496,1552,1554,1562,1565,1624,1626,1634,1637,1648,1652,1659,1668,1678,1681,1688,1691,1700,1714,1718,1750],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"Python’s ",[15,24,17],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,27,28],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[30,31,32,36,39],"ul",{},[33,34,35],"li",{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[33,37,38],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[33,40,41,44,45,48],{},[15,42,43],{},"all([])"," returns ",[15,46,47],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[50,51,53],"h2",{"id":52},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[55,56,61],"pre",{"className":57,"code":58,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n","python","",[15,62,63,98,120],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,65,68,72,76,80,84,87,90,92,95],"span",{"class":66,"line":67},"line",1,[64,69,71],{"class":70},"su5hD","numbers ",[64,73,75],{"class":74},"smGrS","=",[64,77,79],{"class":78},"sP7_E"," [",[64,81,83],{"class":82},"srdBf","1",[64,85,86],{"class":78},",",[64,88,89],{"class":82}," 2",[64,91,86],{"class":78},[64,93,94],{"class":82}," 3",[64,96,97],{"class":78},"]\n",[64,99,101,104,106,110,113,117],{"class":66,"line":100},2,[64,102,103],{"class":70},"result ",[64,105,75],{"class":74},[64,107,109],{"class":108},"sptTA"," all",[64,111,112],{"class":78},"(",[64,114,116],{"class":115},"slqww","numbers",[64,118,119],{"class":78},")\n",[64,121,123,126,128,131,134],{"class":66,"line":122},3,[64,124,125],{"class":108},"print",[64,127,112],{"class":78},[64,129,130],{"class":115},"result",[64,132,133],{"class":78},")",[64,135,137],{"class":136},"sutJx","  # True\n",[20,139,140,44,142,144,145,148],{},[15,141,17],{},[15,143,47],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,146,147],{},"False",".",[50,150,152,153,155],{"id":151},"what-all-does","What ",[15,154,17],{}," does",[20,157,158,160],{},[15,159,17],{},":",[30,162,163,166,172,177],{},[33,164,165],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[33,167,168,169,171],{},"returns ",[15,170,47],{}," if all items are truthy",[33,173,168,174,176],{},[15,175,147],{}," if any item is falsy",[33,178,179],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,181,182],{},"Basic syntax:",[55,184,186],{"className":57,"code":185,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"all(iterable)\n",[15,187,188],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,189,190,193,195,198],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,191,192],{"class":108},"all",[64,194,112],{"class":78},[64,196,197],{"class":115},"iterable",[64,199,119],{"class":78},[20,201,202],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[50,204,206],{"id":205},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,208,209,210,212,213,215],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,211,47],{}," or ",[15,214,147],{}," in conditions.",[30,217,218,227],{},[33,219,220,224,225],{},[221,222,223],"strong",{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,226,47],{},[33,228,229,224,232],{},[221,230,231],{},"Falsy",[15,233,147],{},[20,235,236],{},"Common falsy values include:",[30,238,239,244,249,254,259,263,268,273],{},[33,240,241],{},[15,242,243],{},"0",[33,245,246],{},[15,247,248],{},"0.0",[33,250,251],{},[15,252,253],{},"''",[33,255,256],{},[15,257,258],{},"None",[33,260,261],{},[15,262,147],{},[33,264,265],{},[15,266,267],{},"[]",[33,269,270],{},[15,271,272],{},"{}",[33,274,275],{},[15,276,277],{},"set()",[20,279,280],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,282,283,284,148],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[285,286,288],"a",{"href":287},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,290,291,292,160],{},"You can test this with ",[15,293,294],{},"bool()",[55,296,298],{"className":57,"code":297,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,299,300,342,348],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,301,302,305,307,309,311,313,316,318,322,324,327,331,334,336,340],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,303,304],{"class":70},"values ",[64,306,75],{"class":74},[64,308,79],{"class":78},[64,310,83],{"class":82},[64,312,86],{"class":78},[64,314,315],{"class":82}," 0",[64,317,86],{"class":78},[64,319,321],{"class":320},"sjJ54"," ''",[64,323,86],{"class":78},[64,325,326],{"class":320}," '",[64,328,330],{"class":329},"s_sjI","hello",[64,332,333],{"class":320},"'",[64,335,86],{"class":78},[64,337,339],{"class":338},"s39Yj"," None",[64,341,97],{"class":78},[64,343,344],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,345,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},true,"\n",[64,349,350,352,355,359,361,364,366,370,373,376,379],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,351,125],{"class":108},[64,353,354],{"class":78},"([",[64,356,358],{"class":357},"sZMiF","bool",[64,360,112],{"class":78},[64,362,363],{"class":115},"x",[64,365,133],{"class":78},[64,367,369],{"class":368},"sVHd0"," for",[64,371,372],{"class":115}," x ",[64,374,375],{"class":368},"in",[64,377,378],{"class":115}," values",[64,380,381],{"class":78},"])\n",[20,383,384],{},"Output:",[55,386,388],{"className":57,"code":387,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,389,390],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,391,392,395,397,399,402,404,406,408,411,413,415],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,393,394],{"class":78},"[",[64,396,47],{"class":338},[64,398,86],{"class":78},[64,400,401],{"class":338}," False",[64,403,86],{"class":78},[64,405,401],{"class":338},[64,407,86],{"class":78},[64,409,410],{"class":338}," True",[64,412,86],{"class":78},[64,414,401],{"class":338},[64,416,97],{"class":78},[20,418,419,420,422],{},"This matters because ",[15,421,17],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[50,424,426],{"id":425},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[428,429,431],"h3",{"id":430},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[55,433,435],{"className":57,"code":434,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,436,437,457],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,438,439,441,443,445,447,449,451,453,455],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,440,71],{"class":70},[64,442,75],{"class":74},[64,444,79],{"class":78},[64,446,83],{"class":82},[64,448,86],{"class":78},[64,450,89],{"class":82},[64,452,86],{"class":78},[64,454,94],{"class":82},[64,456,97],{"class":78},[64,458,459,461,463,465,467,469],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,460,125],{"class":108},[64,462,112],{"class":78},[64,464,192],{"class":108},[64,466,112],{"class":78},[64,468,116],{"class":115},[64,470,471],{"class":78},"))\n",[20,473,384],{},[55,475,477],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"True\n",[15,478,479],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,480,481],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,482,476],{"class":338},[20,484,485,486,44,488,148],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,487,17],{},[15,489,47],{},[428,491,493],{"id":492},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[55,495,497],{"className":57,"code":496,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,498,499,519],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,500,501,503,505,507,509,511,513,515,517],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,502,71],{"class":70},[64,504,75],{"class":74},[64,506,79],{"class":78},[64,508,83],{"class":82},[64,510,86],{"class":78},[64,512,315],{"class":82},[64,514,86],{"class":78},[64,516,94],{"class":82},[64,518,97],{"class":78},[64,520,521,523,525,527,529,531],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,522,125],{"class":108},[64,524,112],{"class":78},[64,526,192],{"class":108},[64,528,112],{"class":78},[64,530,116],{"class":115},[64,532,471],{"class":78},[20,534,384],{},[55,536,538],{"className":57,"code":537,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"False\n",[15,539,540],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,541,542],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,543,537],{"class":338},[20,545,546,547,549,550,44,552,148],{},"The value ",[15,548,243],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,551,17],{},[15,553,147],{},[428,555,557],{"id":556},"example-strings","Example: strings",[55,559,561],{"className":57,"code":560,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,562,563,599],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,564,565,568,570,572,574,577,579,581,583,586,588,590,592,595,597],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,566,567],{"class":70},"words ",[64,569,75],{"class":74},[64,571,79],{"class":78},[64,573,333],{"class":320},[64,575,576],{"class":329},"apple",[64,578,333],{"class":320},[64,580,86],{"class":78},[64,582,326],{"class":320},[64,584,585],{"class":329},"banana",[64,587,333],{"class":320},[64,589,86],{"class":78},[64,591,326],{"class":320},[64,593,594],{"class":329},"cherry",[64,596,333],{"class":320},[64,598,97],{"class":78},[64,600,601,603,605,607,609,612],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,602,125],{"class":108},[64,604,112],{"class":78},[64,606,192],{"class":108},[64,608,112],{"class":78},[64,610,611],{"class":115},"words",[64,613,471],{"class":78},[20,615,384],{},[55,617,618],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,619,620],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,621,622],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,623,476],{"class":338},[20,625,626],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,628,629],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[55,631,633],{"className":57,"code":632,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,634,635,663],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,636,637,639,641,643,645,647,649,651,653,655,657,659,661],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,638,567],{"class":70},[64,640,75],{"class":74},[64,642,79],{"class":78},[64,644,333],{"class":320},[64,646,576],{"class":329},[64,648,333],{"class":320},[64,650,86],{"class":78},[64,652,321],{"class":320},[64,654,86],{"class":78},[64,656,326],{"class":320},[64,658,594],{"class":329},[64,660,333],{"class":320},[64,662,97],{"class":78},[64,664,665,667,669,671,673,675],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,666,125],{"class":108},[64,668,112],{"class":78},[64,670,192],{"class":108},[64,672,112],{"class":78},[64,674,611],{"class":115},[64,676,471],{"class":78},[20,678,384],{},[55,680,681],{"className":57,"code":537,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,682,683],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,684,685],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,686,537],{"class":338},[20,688,689,690,692],{},"The empty string ",[15,691,253],{}," is falsy.",[50,694,696,697,699],{"id":695},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,698,17],{}," works with conditions",[20,701,702,704],{},[15,703,17],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,706,707],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,709,710],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[55,712,714],{"className":57,"code":713,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,715,716,736,765,769],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,717,718,720,722,724,726,728,730,732,734],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,719,71],{"class":70},[64,721,75],{"class":74},[64,723,79],{"class":78},[64,725,83],{"class":82},[64,727,86],{"class":78},[64,729,89],{"class":82},[64,731,86],{"class":78},[64,733,94],{"class":82},[64,735,97],{"class":78},[64,737,738,740,742,744,746,749,752,754,756,758,760,763],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,739,103],{"class":70},[64,741,75],{"class":74},[64,743,109],{"class":108},[64,745,112],{"class":78},[64,747,748],{"class":115},"x ",[64,750,751],{"class":74},">",[64,753,315],{"class":82},[64,755,369],{"class":368},[64,757,372],{"class":115},[64,759,375],{"class":368},[64,761,762],{"class":115}," numbers",[64,764,119],{"class":78},[64,766,767],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,768,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,770,772,774,776,778],{"class":66,"line":771},4,[64,773,125],{"class":108},[64,775,112],{"class":78},[64,777,130],{"class":115},[64,779,119],{"class":78},[20,781,384],{},[55,783,784],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,785,786],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,787,788],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,789,476],{"class":338},[20,791,792],{},"Here is one that fails:",[55,794,796],{"className":57,"code":795,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,797,798,822,848,852],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,799,800,802,804,806,808,810,813,816,818,820],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,801,71],{"class":70},[64,803,75],{"class":74},[64,805,79],{"class":78},[64,807,83],{"class":82},[64,809,86],{"class":78},[64,811,812],{"class":74}," -",[64,814,815],{"class":82},"2",[64,817,86],{"class":78},[64,819,94],{"class":82},[64,821,97],{"class":78},[64,823,824,826,828,830,832,834,836,838,840,842,844,846],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,825,103],{"class":70},[64,827,75],{"class":74},[64,829,109],{"class":108},[64,831,112],{"class":78},[64,833,748],{"class":115},[64,835,751],{"class":74},[64,837,315],{"class":82},[64,839,369],{"class":368},[64,841,372],{"class":115},[64,843,375],{"class":368},[64,845,762],{"class":115},[64,847,119],{"class":78},[64,849,850],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,851,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,853,854,856,858,860],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,855,125],{"class":108},[64,857,112],{"class":78},[64,859,130],{"class":115},[64,861,119],{"class":78},[20,863,384],{},[55,865,866],{"className":57,"code":537,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,867,868],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,869,870],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,871,537],{"class":338},[20,873,874,875,878,879,881,882,44,884,148],{},"The expression ",[15,876,877],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,880,47],{},", then ",[15,883,17],{},[15,885,47],{},[20,887,888],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,890,891,892,896,897,148],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[285,893,895],{"href":894},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python"," and ",[285,898,900],{"href":899},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[50,902,904],{"id":903},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,906,907,44,909,148],{},[15,908,43],{},[15,910,47],{},[20,912,913],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,915,916],{},"Example:",[55,918,920],{"className":57,"code":919,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(all([]))\n",[15,921,922],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,923,924,926,928,930],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,925,125],{"class":108},[64,927,112],{"class":78},[64,929,192],{"class":108},[64,931,932],{"class":78},"([]))\n",[20,934,384],{},[55,936,937],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,938,939],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,940,941],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,942,476],{"class":338},[20,944,945],{},"Why?",[20,947,948],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,950,951],{},"Think of it this way:",[30,953,954,961,964],{},[33,955,956,44,958,960],{},[15,957,17],{},[15,959,147],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[33,962,963],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[33,965,966,967],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,968,147],{},[20,970,971],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,973,974],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[55,976,978],{"className":57,"code":977,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,979,980,991],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,981,982,984,986,988],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,983,125],{"class":108},[64,985,112],{"class":78},[64,987,192],{"class":108},[64,989,990],{"class":78},"(()))\n",[64,992,993,995,997,999,1001,1003],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,994,125],{"class":108},[64,996,112],{"class":78},[64,998,192],{"class":108},[64,1000,112],{"class":78},[64,1002,253],{"class":320},[64,1004,471],{"class":78},[20,1006,384],{},[55,1008,1010],{"className":57,"code":1009,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"True\nTrue\n",[15,1011,1012,1016],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,1013,1014],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,1015,476],{"class":338},[64,1017,1018],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,1019,476],{"class":338},[50,1021,1023],{"id":1022},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[428,1025,1027],{"id":1026},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,1029,1030],{},"This is wrong:",[55,1032,1034],{"className":57,"code":1033,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,1035,1036,1041],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,1037,1038],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,1039,1040],{"class":136},"# Wrong\n",[64,1042,1043],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,1044,1045],{"class":136},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,1047,1048,1050],{},[15,1049,17],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,1052,1053],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[55,1055,1057],{"className":57,"code":1056,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,1058,1059],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,1060,1061,1063,1065,1067,1069,1071,1073,1075,1077,1079],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,1062,125],{"class":108},[64,1064,112],{"class":78},[64,1066,192],{"class":108},[64,1068,354],{"class":78},[64,1070,83],{"class":82},[64,1072,86],{"class":78},[64,1074,89],{"class":82},[64,1076,86],{"class":78},[64,1078,94],{"class":82},[64,1080,1081],{"class":78},"]))\n",[428,1083,1085,1086,1088],{"id":1084},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,1087,17],{}," compares values automatically",[20,1090,1091],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[55,1093,1095],{"className":57,"code":1094,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,1096,1097,1119],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,1098,1099,1101,1103,1105,1108,1110,1113,1115,1117],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,1100,71],{"class":70},[64,1102,75],{"class":74},[64,1104,79],{"class":78},[64,1106,1107],{"class":82},"5",[64,1109,86],{"class":78},[64,1111,1112],{"class":82}," 5",[64,1114,86],{"class":78},[64,1116,1112],{"class":82},[64,1118,97],{"class":78},[64,1120,1121,1123,1125,1127,1129,1131],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,1122,125],{"class":108},[64,1124,112],{"class":78},[64,1126,192],{"class":108},[64,1128,112],{"class":78},[64,1130,116],{"class":115},[64,1132,471],{"class":78},[20,1134,1135,1136,1139],{},"This does ",[221,1137,1138],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[20,1141,1142,1143,1145],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,1144,1107],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[55,1147,1148],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,1149,1150],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,1151,1152],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,1153,476],{"class":338},[20,1155,1156],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[55,1158,1160],{"className":57,"code":1159,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,1161,1162,1182],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,1163,1164,1166,1168,1170,1172,1174,1176,1178,1180],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,1165,71],{"class":70},[64,1167,75],{"class":74},[64,1169,79],{"class":78},[64,1171,1107],{"class":82},[64,1173,86],{"class":78},[64,1175,1112],{"class":82},[64,1177,86],{"class":78},[64,1179,1112],{"class":82},[64,1181,97],{"class":78},[64,1183,1184,1186,1188,1190,1192,1194,1197,1199,1201,1203,1205,1207],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,1185,125],{"class":108},[64,1187,112],{"class":78},[64,1189,192],{"class":108},[64,1191,112],{"class":78},[64,1193,748],{"class":115},[64,1195,1196],{"class":74},"==",[64,1198,1112],{"class":82},[64,1200,369],{"class":368},[64,1202,372],{"class":115},[64,1204,375],{"class":368},[64,1206,762],{"class":115},[64,1208,471],{"class":78},[428,1210,1212,1213,1215],{"id":1211},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,1214,243],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[55,1217,1219],{"className":57,"code":1218,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,1220,1221,1247],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,1222,1223,1225,1227,1229,1231,1233,1235,1237,1239,1241,1244],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,1224,125],{"class":108},[64,1226,112],{"class":78},[64,1228,192],{"class":108},[64,1230,354],{"class":78},[64,1232,83],{"class":82},[64,1234,86],{"class":78},[64,1236,89],{"class":82},[64,1238,86],{"class":78},[64,1240,315],{"class":82},[64,1242,1243],{"class":78},"]))",[64,1245,1246],{"class":136},"       # False\n",[64,1248,1249,1251,1253,1255,1257,1259,1261,1263,1265,1267,1270,1272,1274,1276,1278],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,1250,125],{"class":108},[64,1252,112],{"class":78},[64,1254,192],{"class":108},[64,1256,354],{"class":78},[64,1258,333],{"class":320},[64,1260,285],{"class":329},[64,1262,333],{"class":320},[64,1264,86],{"class":78},[64,1266,326],{"class":320},[64,1268,1269],{"class":329},"b",[64,1271,333],{"class":320},[64,1273,86],{"class":78},[64,1275,321],{"class":320},[64,1277,1243],{"class":78},[64,1279,1280],{"class":136},"  # False\n",[20,1282,1283,1284,148],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,1285,147],{},[428,1287,1289,1290,1292,1293],{"id":1288},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,1291,43],{}," is ",[15,1294,47],{},[20,1296,1297],{},"This is expected behavior:",[55,1299,1301],{"className":57,"code":1300,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,1302,1303],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,1304,1305,1307,1309,1311,1314],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,1306,125],{"class":108},[64,1308,112],{"class":78},[64,1310,192],{"class":108},[64,1312,1313],{"class":78},"([]))",[64,1315,137],{"class":136},[20,1317,1318,1319,1321],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,1320,47],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,1323,1324],{},"Useful quick tests:",[55,1326,1328],{"className":57,"code":1327,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,1329,1330,1352,1374,1421,1457],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,1331,1332,1334,1336,1338,1340,1342,1344,1346,1348,1350],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,1333,125],{"class":108},[64,1335,112],{"class":78},[64,1337,192],{"class":108},[64,1339,354],{"class":78},[64,1341,83],{"class":82},[64,1343,86],{"class":78},[64,1345,89],{"class":82},[64,1347,86],{"class":78},[64,1349,94],{"class":82},[64,1351,1081],{"class":78},[64,1353,1354,1356,1358,1360,1362,1364,1366,1368,1370,1372],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,1355,125],{"class":108},[64,1357,112],{"class":78},[64,1359,192],{"class":108},[64,1361,354],{"class":78},[64,1363,83],{"class":82},[64,1365,86],{"class":78},[64,1367,315],{"class":82},[64,1369,86],{"class":78},[64,1371,94],{"class":82},[64,1373,1081],{"class":78},[64,1375,1376,1378,1380,1382,1384,1386,1388,1390,1392,1394,1396,1398,1400,1402,1404,1406,1408,1410,1412,1414,1416,1418],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,1377,125],{"class":108},[64,1379,354],{"class":78},[64,1381,358],{"class":357},[64,1383,112],{"class":78},[64,1385,363],{"class":115},[64,1387,133],{"class":78},[64,1389,369],{"class":368},[64,1391,372],{"class":115},[64,1393,375],{"class":368},[64,1395,79],{"class":78},[64,1397,83],{"class":82},[64,1399,86],{"class":78},[64,1401,315],{"class":82},[64,1403,86],{"class":78},[64,1405,321],{"class":320},[64,1407,86],{"class":78},[64,1409,326],{"class":320},[64,1411,330],{"class":329},[64,1413,333],{"class":320},[64,1415,86],{"class":78},[64,1417,339],{"class":338},[64,1419,1420],{"class":78},"]])\n",[64,1422,1423,1425,1427,1429,1431,1433,1435,1437,1439,1441,1443,1445,1447,1449,1451,1453,1455],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,1424,125],{"class":108},[64,1426,112],{"class":78},[64,1428,192],{"class":108},[64,1430,112],{"class":78},[64,1432,748],{"class":115},[64,1434,751],{"class":74},[64,1436,315],{"class":82},[64,1438,369],{"class":368},[64,1440,372],{"class":115},[64,1442,375],{"class":368},[64,1444,79],{"class":78},[64,1446,83],{"class":82},[64,1448,86],{"class":78},[64,1450,89],{"class":82},[64,1452,86],{"class":78},[64,1454,94],{"class":82},[64,1456,1081],{"class":78},[64,1458,1460,1462,1464,1466],{"class":66,"line":1459},5,[64,1461,125],{"class":108},[64,1463,112],{"class":78},[64,1465,192],{"class":108},[64,1467,932],{"class":78},[50,1469,1471,1472],{"id":1470},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,1473,17],{},[20,1475,1476,1478],{},[15,1477,17],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,1480,1481],{},"Common use cases:",[30,1483,1484,1487,1490],{},[33,1485,1486],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[33,1488,1489],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[33,1491,1492],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,1494,1495],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[55,1497,1499],{"className":57,"code":1498,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,1500,1501,1537],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,1502,1503,1506,1508,1510,1512,1515,1517,1519,1521,1524,1526,1528,1530,1533,1535],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,1504,1505],{"class":70},"names ",[64,1507,75],{"class":74},[64,1509,79],{"class":78},[64,1511,333],{"class":320},[64,1513,1514],{"class":329},"Alice",[64,1516,333],{"class":320},[64,1518,86],{"class":78},[64,1520,326],{"class":320},[64,1522,1523],{"class":329},"Bob",[64,1525,333],{"class":320},[64,1527,86],{"class":78},[64,1529,326],{"class":320},[64,1531,1532],{"class":329},"Charlie",[64,1534,333],{"class":320},[64,1536,97],{"class":78},[64,1538,1539,1541,1543,1545,1547,1550],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,1540,125],{"class":108},[64,1542,112],{"class":78},[64,1544,192],{"class":108},[64,1546,112],{"class":78},[64,1548,1549],{"class":115},"names",[64,1551,471],{"class":78},[20,1553,384],{},[55,1555,1556],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,1557,1558],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,1559,1560],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,1561,476],{"class":338},[20,1563,1564],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[55,1566,1568],{"className":57,"code":1567,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,1569,1570,1594],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,1571,1572,1575,1577,1579,1582,1584,1587,1589,1592],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,1573,1574],{"class":70},"scores ",[64,1576,75],{"class":74},[64,1578,79],{"class":78},[64,1580,1581],{"class":82},"75",[64,1583,86],{"class":78},[64,1585,1586],{"class":82}," 80",[64,1588,86],{"class":78},[64,1590,1591],{"class":82}," 50",[64,1593,97],{"class":78},[64,1595,1596,1598,1600,1602,1604,1607,1610,1612,1614,1617,1619,1622],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,1597,125],{"class":108},[64,1599,112],{"class":78},[64,1601,192],{"class":108},[64,1603,112],{"class":78},[64,1605,1606],{"class":115},"score ",[64,1608,1609],{"class":74},">=",[64,1611,1591],{"class":82},[64,1613,369],{"class":368},[64,1615,1616],{"class":115}," score ",[64,1618,375],{"class":368},[64,1620,1621],{"class":115}," scores",[64,1623,471],{"class":78},[20,1625,384],{},[55,1627,1628],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,1629,1630],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,1631,1632],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,1633,476],{"class":338},[20,1635,1636],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,1638,1639,1640,896,1644,148],{},"For related tasks, see ",[285,1641,1643],{"href":1642},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[285,1645,1647],{"href":1646},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[50,1649,1651],{"id":1650},"faq","FAQ",[428,1653,1655,1656,1658],{"id":1654},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,1657,17],{}," return in Python?",[20,1660,1661,1662,1664,1665,1667],{},"It returns ",[15,1663,47],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,1666,147],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[428,1669,1671,1672,1674,1675,1677],{"id":1670},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,1673,43],{}," return ",[15,1676,47],{},"?",[20,1679,1680],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[428,1682,1684,1685,1687],{"id":1683},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,1686,17],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,1689,1690],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[428,1692,1694,1695,896,1697,1677],{"id":1693},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,1696,17],{},[15,1698,1699],{},"any()",[20,1701,1702,1704,1705,1707,1708,148],{},[15,1703,17],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,1706,1699],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[285,1709,13,1711,1713],{"href":1710},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,1712,1699],{}," function explained",[50,1715,1717],{"id":1716},"see-also","See also",[30,1719,1720,1726,1730,1735,1740,1745],{},[33,1721,1722],{},[285,1723,13,1724,1713],{"href":1710},[15,1725,1699],{},[33,1727,1728],{},[285,1729,288],{"href":287},[33,1731,1732],{},[285,1733,1734],{"href":1646},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[33,1736,1737],{},[285,1738,1739],{"href":1642},"How to filter a list in Python",[33,1741,1742],{},[285,1743,1744],{"href":894},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[33,1746,1747],{},[285,1748,1749],{"href":899},"What is an iterable in Python",[1751,1752,1753],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":1755},[1756,1757,1759,1760,1765,1767,1768,1777,1779,1789],{"id":52,"depth":100,"text":53},{"id":151,"depth":100,"text":1758},"What all() does",{"id":205,"depth":100,"text":206},{"id":425,"depth":100,"text":426,"children":1761},[1762,1763,1764],{"id":430,"depth":122,"text":431},{"id":492,"depth":122,"text":493},{"id":556,"depth":122,"text":557},{"id":695,"depth":100,"text":1766},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":903,"depth":100,"text":904},{"id":1022,"depth":100,"text":1023,"children":1769},[1770,1771,1773,1775],{"id":1026,"depth":122,"text":1027},{"id":1084,"depth":122,"text":1772},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":1211,"depth":122,"text":1774},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":1288,"depth":122,"text":1776},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":1470,"depth":100,"text":1778},"When to use all()",{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":1780},[1781,1783,1785,1787],{"id":1654,"depth":122,"text":1782},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":1670,"depth":122,"text":1784},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":1683,"depth":122,"text":1786},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":1693,"depth":122,"text":1788},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":1790},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",[1798,3400,4869,6570,8715,10920,12441,14619,16826,19286,21125,23691,25790,28072,30020,31931,33928,35368,37197,39722,41884,43113,44484,46132,48453,50297,52279,53973,55226,56920,58671,60643,62393,64493,65853,67804,69367,71358,73153,75053,77495,79573,82213,84242,86205,88393,90397,92710,94392,95837,97031,98209,100049,102489,104193,106208,107732,108977,110140,111522,113593,115490,117264,119130,121249,122989,124451,126045,127968,129645,131580,133069,135853,137430,138989,141017,142969,144432,145621,147507,148918,150614,152168,153590,154993,156891,159285,161116],{"id":1799,"title":1800,"body":1801,"description":3394,"extension":1791,"meta":3395,"navigation":346,"path":3396,"seo":3397,"stem":3398,"__hash__":3399},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1802,"toc":3366},[1803,1806,1813,1816,1827,1830,1834,1899,1901,1921,1927,1931,1936,1939,1954,1957,1982,1985,1989,1992,2007,2010,2037,2039,2096,2098,2113,2123,2134,2138,2141,2195,2197,2217,2220,2243,2250,2254,2259,2265,2267,2305,2307,2316,2322,2340,2343,2355,2359,2364,2368,2371,2392,2394,2452,2454,2462,2465,2469,2501,2503,2511,2514,2518,2523,2571,2573,2581,2585,2645,2647,2655,2658,2662,2666,2669,2693,2702,2717,2768,2770,2785,2796,2800,2803,2830,2837,2841,2846,2886,2888,2899,2902,2945,2947,2955,2959,2964,2986,2988,2997,3006,3010,3015,3037,3039,3110,3112,3162,3165,3168,3171,3253,3255,3286,3288,3292,3295,3299,3302,3306,3309,3313,3325,3329,3332,3334,3363],[10,1804,1800],{"id":1805},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1807,1808,1809,1812],{},"The ",[15,1810,1811],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1814,1815],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[30,1817,1818,1821,1824],{},[33,1819,1820],{},"a number without its negative sign",[33,1822,1823],{},"the distance between two numbers",[33,1825,1826],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,1828,1829],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[50,1831,1833],{"id":1832},"quick-example","Quick example",[55,1835,1837],{"className":57,"code":1836,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1838,1839,1858,1873],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,1840,1841,1843,1845,1848,1850,1853,1856],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,1842,125],{"class":108},[64,1844,112],{"class":78},[64,1846,1847],{"class":108},"abs",[64,1849,112],{"class":78},[64,1851,1852],{"class":74},"-",[64,1854,1855],{"class":82},"7",[64,1857,471],{"class":78},[64,1859,1860,1862,1864,1866,1868,1871],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,1861,125],{"class":108},[64,1863,112],{"class":78},[64,1865,1847],{"class":108},[64,1867,112],{"class":78},[64,1869,1870],{"class":82},"3.5",[64,1872,471],{"class":78},[64,1874,1875,1877,1879,1881,1883,1885,1887,1890,1893,1897],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,1876,125],{"class":108},[64,1878,112],{"class":78},[64,1880,1847],{"class":108},[64,1882,112],{"class":78},[64,1884,1852],{"class":74},[64,1886,815],{"class":82},[64,1888,1889],{"class":74},"+",[64,1891,1892],{"class":82},"3",[64,1894,1896],{"class":1895},"sbsja","j",[64,1898,471],{"class":78},[20,1900,384],{},[55,1902,1904],{"className":57,"code":1903,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,1905,1906,1911,1916],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,1907,1908],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,1909,1910],{"class":82},"7\n",[64,1912,1913],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,1914,1915],{"class":82},"3.5\n",[64,1917,1918],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,1919,1920],{"class":82},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,1922,1923,1924,1926],{},"Use ",[15,1925,1811],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[50,1928,1930],{"id":1929},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,1932,1933,1935],{},[15,1934,1811],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1937,1938],{},"That means:",[30,1940,1941,1944,1947],{},[33,1942,1943],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[33,1945,1946],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[33,1948,1949,1951,1952],{},[15,1950,243],{}," stays ",[15,1953,243],{},[20,1955,1956],{},"Examples:",[30,1958,1959,1967,1975],{},[33,1960,1961,1964,1965],{},[15,1962,1963],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,1966,1107],{},[33,1968,1969,1964,1972],{},[15,1970,1971],{},"abs(9)",[15,1973,1974],{},"9",[33,1976,1977,1964,1980],{},[15,1978,1979],{},"abs(0)",[15,1981,243],{},[20,1983,1984],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[50,1986,1988],{"id":1987},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,1990,1991],{},"The syntax is:",[55,1993,1995],{"className":57,"code":1994,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"abs(x)\n",[15,1996,1997],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,1998,1999,2001,2003,2005],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2000,1847],{"class":108},[64,2002,112],{"class":78},[64,2004,363],{"class":115},[64,2006,119],{"class":78},[20,2008,2009],{},"Here:",[30,2011,2012,2029,2034],{},[33,2013,2014,2016,2017,2020,2021,2024,2025,2028],{},[15,2015,363],{}," is usually an ",[15,2018,2019],{},"int",", ",[15,2022,2023],{},"float",", or ",[15,2026,2027],{},"complex"," number",[33,2030,2031,2033],{},[15,2032,1811],{}," returns a new value",[33,2035,2036],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2038,916],{},[55,2040,2042],{"className":57,"code":2041,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2043,2044,2056,2072,2076,2086],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,2045,2046,2049,2051,2053],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2047,2048],{"class":70},"number ",[64,2050,75],{"class":74},[64,2052,812],{"class":74},[64,2054,2055],{"class":82},"12\n",[64,2057,2058,2060,2062,2065,2067,2070],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,2059,103],{"class":70},[64,2061,75],{"class":74},[64,2063,2064],{"class":108}," abs",[64,2066,112],{"class":78},[64,2068,2069],{"class":115},"number",[64,2071,119],{"class":78},[64,2073,2074],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,2075,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,2077,2078,2080,2082,2084],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,2079,125],{"class":108},[64,2081,112],{"class":78},[64,2083,2069],{"class":115},[64,2085,119],{"class":78},[64,2087,2088,2090,2092,2094],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,2089,125],{"class":108},[64,2091,112],{"class":78},[64,2093,130],{"class":115},[64,2095,119],{"class":78},[20,2097,384],{},[55,2099,2101],{"className":57,"code":2100,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"-12\n12\n",[15,2102,2103,2109],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,2104,2105,2107],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2106,1852],{"class":74},[64,2108,2055],{"class":82},[64,2110,2111],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,2112,2055],{"class":82},[20,2114,2115,2116,2118,2119,2122],{},"Notice that ",[15,2117,2069],{}," is still ",[15,2120,2121],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2124,2125,2126,2133],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[285,2127,2129,2132],{"href":2128},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2130,2131],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[50,2135,2137],{"id":2136},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2139,2140],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[55,2142,2144],{"className":57,"code":2143,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2145,2146,2163,2178],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,2147,2148,2150,2152,2154,2156,2158,2161],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2149,125],{"class":108},[64,2151,112],{"class":78},[64,2153,1847],{"class":108},[64,2155,112],{"class":78},[64,2157,1852],{"class":74},[64,2159,2160],{"class":82},"10",[64,2162,471],{"class":78},[64,2164,2165,2167,2169,2171,2173,2176],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,2166,125],{"class":108},[64,2168,112],{"class":78},[64,2170,1847],{"class":108},[64,2172,112],{"class":78},[64,2174,2175],{"class":82},"8",[64,2177,471],{"class":78},[64,2179,2180,2182,2184,2186,2188,2190,2193],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,2181,125],{"class":108},[64,2183,112],{"class":78},[64,2185,1847],{"class":108},[64,2187,112],{"class":78},[64,2189,1852],{"class":74},[64,2191,2192],{"class":82},"4.2",[64,2194,471],{"class":78},[20,2196,384],{},[55,2198,2200],{"className":57,"code":2199,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2201,2202,2207,2212],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,2203,2204],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2205,2206],{"class":82},"10\n",[64,2208,2209],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,2210,2211],{"class":82},"8\n",[64,2213,2214],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,2215,2216],{"class":82},"4.2\n",[20,2218,2219],{},"What each line does:",[30,2221,2222,2229,2236],{},[33,2223,2224,44,2227],{},[15,2225,2226],{},"abs(-10)",[15,2228,2160],{},[33,2230,2231,44,2234],{},[15,2232,2233],{},"abs(8)",[15,2235,2175],{},[33,2237,2238,44,2241],{},[15,2239,2240],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2242,2192],{},[20,2244,2245,2246,148],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[285,2247,2249],{"href":2248},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[50,2251,2253],{"id":2252},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2255,2256,2258],{},[15,2257,1811],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2260,2261,2262,2264],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2263,243],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2266,916],{},[55,2268,2270],{"className":57,"code":2269,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2271,2272,2290],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,2273,2274,2277,2279,2281,2284,2287],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2275,2276],{"class":70},"value ",[64,2278,75],{"class":74},[64,2280,94],{"class":82},[64,2282,2283],{"class":74}," +",[64,2285,2286],{"class":82}," 4",[64,2288,2289],{"class":1895},"j\n",[64,2291,2292,2294,2296,2298,2300,2303],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,2293,125],{"class":108},[64,2295,112],{"class":78},[64,2297,1847],{"class":108},[64,2299,112],{"class":78},[64,2301,2302],{"class":115},"value",[64,2304,471],{"class":78},[20,2306,384],{},[55,2308,2310],{"className":57,"code":2309,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"5.0\n",[15,2311,2312],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,2313,2314],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2315,2309],{"class":82},[20,2317,2318,2319,1677],{},"Why ",[15,2320,2321],{},"5.0",[30,2323,2324,2329,2335],{},[33,2325,2326,2327],{},"the real part is ",[15,2328,1892],{},[33,2330,2331,2332],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2333,2334],{},"4",[33,2336,2337,2338],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2339,2321],{},[20,2341,2342],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[30,2344,2345,2352],{},[33,2346,2347,2349,2350],{},[15,2348,1811],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2351,2023],{},[33,2353,2354],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[50,2356,2358],{"id":2357},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2360,2361,2362,148],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2363,1811],{},[428,2365,2367],{"id":2366},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2369,2370],{},"A very common pattern is:",[55,2372,2374],{"className":57,"code":2373,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2375,2376],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,2377,2378,2380,2382,2385,2387,2390],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2379,1847],{"class":108},[64,2381,112],{"class":78},[64,2383,2384],{"class":115},"a ",[64,2386,1852],{"class":74},[64,2388,2389],{"class":115}," b",[64,2391,119],{"class":78},[20,2393,916],{},[55,2395,2397],{"className":57,"code":2396,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2398,2399,2408,2418,2422,2441],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,2400,2401,2403,2405],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2402,2384],{"class":70},[64,2404,75],{"class":74},[64,2406,2407],{"class":82}," 3\n",[64,2409,2410,2413,2415],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,2411,2412],{"class":70},"b ",[64,2414,75],{"class":74},[64,2416,2417],{"class":82}," 10\n",[64,2419,2420],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,2421,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,2423,2424,2427,2429,2431,2433,2435,2437,2439],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,2425,2426],{"class":70},"distance ",[64,2428,75],{"class":74},[64,2430,2064],{"class":108},[64,2432,112],{"class":78},[64,2434,2384],{"class":115},[64,2436,1852],{"class":74},[64,2438,2389],{"class":115},[64,2440,119],{"class":78},[64,2442,2443,2445,2447,2450],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,2444,125],{"class":108},[64,2446,112],{"class":78},[64,2448,2449],{"class":115},"distance",[64,2451,119],{"class":78},[20,2453,384],{},[55,2455,2456],{"className":57,"code":1910,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,2457,2458],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,2459,2460],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2461,1910],{"class":82},[20,2463,2464],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[428,2466,2468],{"id":2467},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[55,2470,2472],{"className":57,"code":2471,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2473,2474,2486],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,2475,2476,2479,2481,2483],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2477,2478],{"class":70},"temperature_change ",[64,2480,75],{"class":74},[64,2482,812],{"class":74},[64,2484,2485],{"class":82},"6\n",[64,2487,2488,2490,2492,2494,2496,2499],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,2489,125],{"class":108},[64,2491,112],{"class":78},[64,2493,1847],{"class":108},[64,2495,112],{"class":78},[64,2497,2498],{"class":115},"temperature_change",[64,2500,471],{"class":78},[20,2502,384],{},[55,2504,2505],{"className":57,"code":2485,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,2506,2507],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,2508,2509],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2510,2485],{"class":82},[20,2512,2513],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[428,2515,2517],{"id":2516},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2519,2520,2521,2133],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2522,1811],{},[55,2524,2526],{"className":57,"code":2525,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2527,2528,2540,2556,2560],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,2529,2530,2533,2535,2537],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2531,2532],{"class":70},"balance_change ",[64,2534,75],{"class":74},[64,2536,812],{"class":74},[64,2538,2539],{"class":82},"25\n",[64,2541,2542,2545,2547,2549,2551,2554],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,2543,2544],{"class":70},"safe_value ",[64,2546,75],{"class":74},[64,2548,2064],{"class":108},[64,2550,112],{"class":78},[64,2552,2553],{"class":115},"balance_change",[64,2555,119],{"class":78},[64,2557,2558],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,2559,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,2561,2562,2564,2566,2569],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,2563,125],{"class":108},[64,2565,112],{"class":78},[64,2567,2568],{"class":115},"safe_value",[64,2570,119],{"class":78},[20,2572,384],{},[55,2574,2575],{"className":57,"code":2539,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,2576,2577],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,2578,2579],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2580,2539],{"class":82},[428,2582,2584],{"id":2583},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[55,2586,2588],{"className":57,"code":2587,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2589,2590,2600,2610,2614,2634],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,2591,2592,2595,2597],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2593,2594],{"class":70},"guess ",[64,2596,75],{"class":74},[64,2598,2599],{"class":82}," 42\n",[64,2601,2602,2605,2607],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,2603,2604],{"class":70},"target ",[64,2606,75],{"class":74},[64,2608,2609],{"class":82}," 50\n",[64,2611,2612],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,2613,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,2615,2616,2619,2621,2623,2625,2627,2629,2632],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,2617,2618],{"class":70},"difference ",[64,2620,75],{"class":74},[64,2622,2064],{"class":108},[64,2624,112],{"class":78},[64,2626,2594],{"class":115},[64,2628,1852],{"class":74},[64,2630,2631],{"class":115}," target",[64,2633,119],{"class":78},[64,2635,2636,2638,2640,2643],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,2637,125],{"class":108},[64,2639,112],{"class":78},[64,2641,2642],{"class":115},"difference",[64,2644,119],{"class":78},[20,2646,384],{},[55,2648,2649],{"className":57,"code":2211,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,2650,2651],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,2652,2653],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2654,2211],{"class":82},[20,2656,2657],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[50,2659,2661],{"id":2660},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[428,2663,2665],{"id":2664},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2667,2668],{},"This causes an error:",[55,2670,2672],{"className":57,"code":2671,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2673,2674],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,2675,2676,2678,2680,2682,2684,2687,2689,2691],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2677,125],{"class":108},[64,2679,112],{"class":78},[64,2681,1847],{"class":108},[64,2683,112],{"class":78},[64,2685,2686],{"class":320},"\"",[64,2688,1107],{"class":329},[64,2690,2686],{"class":320},[64,2692,471],{"class":78},[20,2694,2695,2698,2699,2701],{},[15,2696,2697],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2700,1811],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2703,2704,2705,212,2711,160],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[285,2706,2708],{"href":2707},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2709,2710],{},"int()",[285,2712,2714],{"href":2713},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2715,2716],{},"float()",[55,2718,2720],{"className":57,"code":2719,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2721,2722,2745],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,2723,2724,2726,2728,2730,2732,2734,2736,2738,2740,2742],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2725,125],{"class":108},[64,2727,112],{"class":78},[64,2729,1847],{"class":108},[64,2731,112],{"class":78},[64,2733,2019],{"class":357},[64,2735,112],{"class":78},[64,2737,2686],{"class":320},[64,2739,1107],{"class":329},[64,2741,2686],{"class":320},[64,2743,2744],{"class":78},")))\n",[64,2746,2747,2749,2751,2753,2755,2757,2759,2761,2764,2766],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,2748,125],{"class":108},[64,2750,112],{"class":78},[64,2752,1847],{"class":108},[64,2754,112],{"class":78},[64,2756,2023],{"class":357},[64,2758,112],{"class":78},[64,2760,2686],{"class":320},[64,2762,2763],{"class":329},"-3.2",[64,2765,2686],{"class":320},[64,2767,2744],{"class":78},[20,2769,384],{},[55,2771,2773],{"className":57,"code":2772,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2774,2775,2780],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,2776,2777],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2778,2779],{"class":82},"5\n",[64,2781,2782],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,2783,2784],{"class":82},"3.2\n",[20,2786,2787,2788,2791,2792,148],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2789,2790],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[285,2793,2795],{"href":2794},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[428,2797,2799],{"id":2798},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2801,2802],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[55,2804,2806],{"className":57,"code":2805,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2807,2808],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,2809,2810,2812,2814,2816,2818,2820,2822,2824,2826,2828],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2811,125],{"class":108},[64,2813,112],{"class":78},[64,2815,1847],{"class":108},[64,2817,354],{"class":78},[64,2819,83],{"class":82},[64,2821,86],{"class":78},[64,2823,89],{"class":82},[64,2825,86],{"class":78},[64,2827,94],{"class":82},[64,2829,1081],{"class":78},[20,2831,2832,2833,2836],{},"This raises a ",[15,2834,2835],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[428,2838,2840],{"id":2839},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,2842,2843,2845],{},[15,2844,1811],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[55,2847,2849],{"className":57,"code":2848,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2850,2851,2862,2872,2876],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,2852,2853,2855,2857,2859],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2854,748],{"class":70},[64,2856,75],{"class":74},[64,2858,812],{"class":74},[64,2860,2861],{"class":82},"9\n",[64,2863,2864,2866,2868,2870],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,2865,1847],{"class":108},[64,2867,112],{"class":78},[64,2869,363],{"class":115},[64,2871,119],{"class":78},[64,2873,2874],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,2875,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,2877,2878,2880,2882,2884],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,2879,125],{"class":108},[64,2881,112],{"class":78},[64,2883,363],{"class":115},[64,2885,119],{"class":78},[20,2887,384],{},[55,2889,2891],{"className":57,"code":2890,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"-9\n",[15,2892,2893],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,2894,2895,2897],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2896,1852],{"class":74},[64,2898,2861],{"class":82},[20,2900,2901],{},"If you want to store the result:",[55,2903,2905],{"className":57,"code":2904,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2906,2907,2917,2931,2935],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,2908,2909,2911,2913,2915],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2910,748],{"class":70},[64,2912,75],{"class":74},[64,2914,812],{"class":74},[64,2916,2861],{"class":82},[64,2918,2919,2921,2923,2925,2927,2929],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,2920,748],{"class":70},[64,2922,75],{"class":74},[64,2924,2064],{"class":108},[64,2926,112],{"class":78},[64,2928,363],{"class":115},[64,2930,119],{"class":78},[64,2932,2933],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,2934,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,2936,2937,2939,2941,2943],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,2938,125],{"class":108},[64,2940,112],{"class":78},[64,2942,363],{"class":115},[64,2944,119],{"class":78},[20,2946,384],{},[55,2948,2949],{"className":57,"code":2861,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,2950,2951],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,2952,2953],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2954,2861],{"class":82},[428,2956,2958],{"id":2957},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,2960,2961,2963],{},[15,2962,1811],{}," does not round numbers.",[55,2965,2967],{"className":57,"code":2966,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,2968,2969],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,2970,2971,2973,2975,2977,2979,2981,2984],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2972,125],{"class":108},[64,2974,112],{"class":78},[64,2976,1847],{"class":108},[64,2978,112],{"class":78},[64,2980,1852],{"class":74},[64,2982,2983],{"class":82},"4.7",[64,2985,471],{"class":78},[20,2987,384],{},[55,2989,2991],{"className":57,"code":2990,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"4.7\n",[15,2992,2993],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,2994,2995],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,2996,2990],{"class":82},[20,2998,2999,3000,3002,3003,3005],{},"If you expected ",[15,3001,1107],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3004,1811],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[50,3007,3009],{"id":3008},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3011,3012,3014],{},[15,3013,1811],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[30,3016,3017,3024,3031],{},[33,3018,3019,3021,3022],{},[15,3020,2019],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3023,2019],{},[33,3025,3026,3028,3029],{},[15,3027,2023],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3030,2023],{},[33,3032,3033,3028,3035],{},[15,3034,2027],{},[15,3036,2023],{},[20,3038,916],{},[55,3040,3042],{"className":57,"code":3041,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3043,3044,3065,3086],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,3045,3046,3048,3050,3053,3055,3057,3059,3061,3063],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,3047,125],{"class":108},[64,3049,112],{"class":78},[64,3051,3052],{"class":357},"type",[64,3054,112],{"class":78},[64,3056,1847],{"class":108},[64,3058,112],{"class":78},[64,3060,1852],{"class":74},[64,3062,1107],{"class":82},[64,3064,2744],{"class":78},[64,3066,3067,3069,3071,3073,3075,3077,3079,3081,3084],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,3068,125],{"class":108},[64,3070,112],{"class":78},[64,3072,3052],{"class":357},[64,3074,112],{"class":78},[64,3076,1847],{"class":108},[64,3078,112],{"class":78},[64,3080,1852],{"class":74},[64,3082,3083],{"class":82},"3.2",[64,3085,2744],{"class":78},[64,3087,3088,3090,3092,3094,3096,3098,3100,3102,3104,3106,3108],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,3089,125],{"class":108},[64,3091,112],{"class":78},[64,3093,3052],{"class":357},[64,3095,112],{"class":78},[64,3097,1847],{"class":108},[64,3099,112],{"class":78},[64,3101,1892],{"class":82},[64,3103,2283],{"class":74},[64,3105,2286],{"class":82},[64,3107,1896],{"class":1895},[64,3109,2744],{"class":78},[20,3111,384],{},[55,3113,3115],{"className":57,"code":3114,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3116,3117,3134,3148],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,3118,3119,3122,3125,3127,3129,3131],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,3120,3121],{"class":74},"\u003C",[64,3123,3124],{"class":1895},"class",[64,3126,326],{"class":320},[64,3128,2019],{"class":329},[64,3130,333],{"class":320},[64,3132,3133],{"class":74},">\n",[64,3135,3136,3138,3140,3142,3144,3146],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,3137,3121],{"class":74},[64,3139,3124],{"class":1895},[64,3141,326],{"class":320},[64,3143,2023],{"class":329},[64,3145,333],{"class":320},[64,3147,3133],{"class":74},[64,3149,3150,3152,3154,3156,3158,3160],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,3151,3121],{"class":74},[64,3153,3124],{"class":1895},[64,3155,326],{"class":320},[64,3157,2023],{"class":329},[64,3159,333],{"class":320},[64,3161,3133],{"class":74},[20,3163,3164],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3166,3167],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3169,3170],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[55,3172,3174],{"className":57,"code":3173,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3175,3176,3191,3201,3215,3219,3233],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,3177,3178,3180,3182,3185,3188],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,3179,2276],{"class":70},[64,3181,75],{"class":74},[64,3183,3184],{"class":320}," \"",[64,3186,3187],{"class":329},"-5",[64,3189,3190],{"class":320},"\"\n",[64,3192,3193,3195,3197,3199],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,3194,125],{"class":108},[64,3196,112],{"class":78},[64,3198,2302],{"class":115},[64,3200,119],{"class":78},[64,3202,3203,3205,3207,3209,3211,3213],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,3204,125],{"class":108},[64,3206,112],{"class":78},[64,3208,3052],{"class":357},[64,3210,112],{"class":78},[64,3212,2302],{"class":115},[64,3214,471],{"class":78},[64,3216,3217],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,3218,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,3220,3221,3224,3226,3228,3231],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,3222,3223],{"class":70},"user_input 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'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3259,3260,3266,3281],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,3261,3262,3264],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,3263,1852],{"class":74},[64,3265,2779],{"class":82},[64,3267,3268,3270,3272,3274,3277,3279],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,3269,3121],{"class":74},[64,3271,3124],{"class":1895},[64,3273,326],{"class":320},[64,3275,3276],{"class":329},"str",[64,3278,333],{"class":320},[64,3280,3133],{"class":74},[64,3282,3283],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,3284,3285],{"class":82},"3.7\n",[50,3287,1651],{"id":1650},[428,3289,3291],{"id":3290},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3293,3294],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[428,3296,3298],{"id":3297},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3300,3301],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[428,3303,3305],{"id":3304},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3307,3308],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[428,3310,3312],{"id":3311},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3314,3315,3317,3318,212,3320,3322,3323,148],{},[15,3316,2790],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3319,2710],{},[15,3321,2716],{}," before using ",[15,3324,1811],{},[428,3326,3328],{"id":3327},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3330,3331],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[50,3333,1717],{"id":1716},[30,3335,3336,3342,3348,3354,3359],{},[33,3337,3338],{},[285,3339,3340,1713],{"href":2707},[15,3341,2710],{},[33,3343,3344],{},[285,3345,3346,1713],{"href":2713},[15,3347,2716],{},[33,3349,3350],{},[285,3351,3352,1713],{"href":2128},[15,3353,2131],{},[33,3355,3356],{},[285,3357,3358],{"href":2794},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[33,3360,3361],{},[285,3362,2249],{"href":2248},[1751,3364,3365],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4873,"toc":6543},[4874,4877,4885,4888,4905,4913,4957,4966,4970,4975,4978,4995,4998,5009,5021,5025,5028,5043,5048,5051,5063,5066,5151,5154,5175,5181,5183,5191,5205,5207,5241,5243,5246,5307,5309,5326,5329,5356,5358,5366,5378,5382,5385,5424,5426,5434,5436,5452,5460,5463,5506,5508,5516,5521,5525,5533,5536,5563,5566,5569,5643,5645,5653,5660,5684,5695,5698,5777,5779,5787,5794,5798,5803,5818,5820,5828,5831,5837,5840,5886,5888,5905,5909,5914,5925,5928,6043,6046,6105,6111,6113,6118,6122,6124,6143,6149,6152,6171,6175,6184,6211,6213,6221,6229,6233,6239,6262,6264,6272,6279,6283,6286,6337,6340,6391,6394,6396,6400,6407,6411,6418,6422,6430,6434,6437,6459,6461,6511,6513,6540],[10,4875,4871],{"id":4876},"python-any-function-explained",[20,4878,4879,4881,4882,148],{},[15,4880,1699],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[221,4883,4884],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,4886,4887],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[30,4889,4890,4893,4896,4899,4902],{},[33,4891,4892],{},"lists",[33,4894,4895],{},"tuples",[33,4897,4898],{},"sets",[33,4900,4901],{},"strings",[33,4903,4904],{},"generator expressions",[20,4906,4907,4908,212,4910,4912],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,4909,47],{},[15,4911,147],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[55,4914,4916],{"className":57,"code":4915,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,4917,4918,4938],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,4919,4920,4922,4924,4926,4928,4930,4932,4934,4936],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,4921,304],{"class":70},[64,4923,75],{"class":74},[64,4925,79],{"class":78},[64,4927,243],{"class":82},[64,4929,86],{"class":78},[64,4931,321],{"class":320},[64,4933,86],{"class":78},[64,4935,1112],{"class":82},[64,4937,97],{"class":78},[64,4939,4940,4942,4944,4947,4949,4952,4955],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,4941,125],{"class":108},[64,4943,112],{"class":78},[64,4945,4946],{"class":108},"any",[64,4948,112],{"class":78},[64,4950,4951],{"class":115},"values",[64,4953,4954],{"class":78},"))",[64,4956,137],{"class":136},[20,4958,1923,4959,4962,4963,4965],{},[15,4960,4961],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,4964,47],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[50,4967,4969],{"id":4968},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,4971,4972,4974],{},[15,4973,1699],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,4976,4977],{},"It returns:",[30,4979,4980,4985,4990],{},[33,4981,4982,4984],{},[15,4983,47],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[33,4986,4987,4989],{},[15,4988,147],{}," if all items are falsy",[33,4991,4992,4994],{},[15,4993,147],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,4996,4997],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[30,4999,5000,5003,5006],{},[33,5001,5002],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[33,5004,5005],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[33,5007,5008],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5010,5011,5012,5015,5016,148],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[221,5013,5014],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[285,5017,5019],{"href":5018},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5020,17],{},[50,5022,5024],{"id":5023},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5026,5027],{},"The syntax is simple:",[55,5029,5031],{"className":57,"code":5030,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5032,5033],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,5034,5035,5037,5039,5041],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5036,4946],{"class":108},[64,5038,112],{"class":78},[64,5040,197],{"class":115},[64,5042,119],{"class":78},[20,5044,5045,5046,148],{},"The argument must be an ",[221,5047,197],{},[20,5049,5050],{},"Common inputs include:",[30,5052,5053,5055,5057,5059,5061],{},[33,5054,4892],{},[33,5056,4895],{},[33,5058,4898],{},[33,5060,4901],{},[33,5062,4904],{},[20,5064,5065],{},"For example:",[55,5067,5069],{"className":57,"code":5068,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5070,5071,5094,5113,5133],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,5072,5073,5075,5077,5079,5081,5083,5085,5087,5089,5092],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5074,125],{"class":108},[64,5076,112],{"class":78},[64,5078,4946],{"class":108},[64,5080,354],{"class":78},[64,5082,243],{"class":82},[64,5084,86],{"class":78},[64,5086,315],{"class":82},[64,5088,86],{"class":78},[64,5090,5091],{"class":82}," 1",[64,5093,1081],{"class":78},[64,5095,5096,5098,5100,5102,5105,5107,5109,5111],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,5097,125],{"class":108},[64,5099,112],{"class":78},[64,5101,4946],{"class":108},[64,5103,5104],{"class":78},"((",[64,5106,147],{"class":338},[64,5108,86],{"class":78},[64,5110,401],{"class":338},[64,5112,2744],{"class":78},[64,5114,5115,5117,5119,5121,5124,5126,5128,5130],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,5116,125],{"class":108},[64,5118,112],{"class":78},[64,5120,4946],{"class":108},[64,5122,5123],{"class":78},"({",[64,5125,243],{"class":82},[64,5127,86],{"class":78},[64,5129,89],{"class":82},[64,5131,5132],{"class":78},"}))\n",[64,5134,5135,5137,5139,5141,5143,5145,5147,5149],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,5136,125],{"class":108},[64,5138,112],{"class":78},[64,5140,4946],{"class":108},[64,5142,112],{"class":78},[64,5144,2686],{"class":320},[64,5146,330],{"class":329},[64,5148,2686],{"class":320},[64,5150,471],{"class":78},[20,5152,5153],{},"Expected output:",[55,5155,5157],{"className":57,"code":5156,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5158,5159,5163,5167,5171],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,5160,5161],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5162,476],{"class":338},[64,5164,5165],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,5166,537],{"class":338},[64,5168,5169],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,5170,476],{"class":338},[64,5172,5173],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,5174,476],{"class":338},[20,5176,5177,5178,148],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[285,5179,1647],{"href":5180},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[50,5182,206],{"id":205},[20,5184,209,5185,212,5188,215],{},[221,5186,5187],{},"truthy",[221,5189,5190],{},"falsy",[30,5192,5193,5199],{},[33,5194,5195,224,5197],{},[221,5196,223],{},[15,5198,47],{},[33,5200,5201,224,5203],{},[221,5202,231],{},[15,5204,147],{},[20,5206,236],{},[30,5208,5209,5213,5217,5221,5225,5229,5233,5237],{},[33,5210,5211],{},[15,5212,147],{},[33,5214,5215],{},[15,5216,243],{},[33,5218,5219],{},[15,5220,248],{},[33,5222,5223],{},[15,5224,253],{},[33,5226,5227],{},[15,5228,267],{},[33,5230,5231],{},[15,5232,272],{},[33,5234,5235],{},[15,5236,277],{},[33,5238,5239],{},[15,5240,258],{},[20,5242,280],{},[20,5244,5245],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[55,5247,5249],{"className":57,"code":5248,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5250,5251,5265,5283],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,5252,5253,5255,5257,5259,5261,5263],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5254,125],{"class":108},[64,5256,112],{"class":78},[64,5258,4946],{"class":108},[64,5260,354],{"class":78},[64,5262,83],{"class":82},[64,5264,1081],{"class":78},[64,5266,5267,5269,5271,5273,5275,5277,5279,5281],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,5268,125],{"class":108},[64,5270,112],{"class":78},[64,5272,4946],{"class":108},[64,5274,354],{"class":78},[64,5276,333],{"class":320},[64,5278,330],{"class":329},[64,5280,333],{"class":320},[64,5282,1081],{"class":78},[64,5284,5285,5287,5289,5291,5294,5296,5298,5300,5302,5304],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,5286,125],{"class":108},[64,5288,112],{"class":78},[64,5290,4946],{"class":108},[64,5292,5293],{"class":78},"([[",[64,5295,83],{"class":82},[64,5297,86],{"class":78},[64,5299,89],{"class":82},[64,5301,86],{"class":78},[64,5303,94],{"class":82},[64,5305,5306],{"class":78},"]]))\n",[20,5308,5153],{},[55,5310,5312],{"className":57,"code":5311,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5313,5314,5318,5322],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,5315,5316],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5317,476],{"class":338},[64,5319,5320],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,5321,476],{"class":338},[64,5323,5324],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,5325,476],{"class":338},[20,5327,5328],{},"And these are all falsy:",[55,5330,5332],{"className":57,"code":5331,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5333,5334],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,5335,5336,5338,5340,5342,5344,5346,5348,5350,5352,5354],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5337,125],{"class":108},[64,5339,112],{"class":78},[64,5341,4946],{"class":108},[64,5343,354],{"class":78},[64,5345,243],{"class":82},[64,5347,86],{"class":78},[64,5349,321],{"class":320},[64,5351,86],{"class":78},[64,5353,339],{"class":338},[64,5355,1081],{"class":78},[20,5357,5153],{},[55,5359,5360],{"className":57,"code":537,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,5361,5362],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,5363,5364],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5365,537],{"class":338},[20,5367,5368,5369,896,5372,148],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[285,5370,288],{"href":5371},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[285,5373,5375,5377],{"href":5374},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5376,294],{}," explained",[50,5379,5381],{"id":5380},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5383,5384],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[55,5386,5388],{"className":57,"code":5387,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5389,5390,5410],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,5391,5392,5394,5396,5398,5400,5402,5404,5406,5408],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5393,304],{"class":70},[64,5395,75],{"class":74},[64,5397,79],{"class":78},[64,5399,243],{"class":82},[64,5401,86],{"class":78},[64,5403,321],{"class":320},[64,5405,86],{"class":78},[64,5407,1112],{"class":82},[64,5409,97],{"class":78},[64,5411,5412,5414,5416,5418,5420,5422],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,5413,125],{"class":108},[64,5415,112],{"class":78},[64,5417,4946],{"class":108},[64,5419,112],{"class":78},[64,5421,4951],{"class":115},[64,5423,471],{"class":78},[20,5425,384],{},[55,5427,5428],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,5429,5430],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,5431,5432],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5433,476],{"class":338},[20,5435,945],{},[30,5437,5438,5443,5447],{},[33,5439,5440,5442],{},[15,5441,243],{}," is falsy",[33,5444,5445,5442],{},[15,5446,253],{},[33,5448,5449,5451],{},[15,5450,1107],{}," is truthy",[20,5453,5454,5455,44,5458,148],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5456,5457],{},"any(values)",[15,5459,47],{},[20,5461,5462],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[55,5464,5466],{"className":57,"code":5465,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5467,5468,5492],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,5469,5470,5472,5474,5476,5478,5480,5482,5484,5486,5488,5490],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5471,304],{"class":70},[64,5473,75],{"class":74},[64,5475,79],{"class":78},[64,5477,243],{"class":82},[64,5479,86],{"class":78},[64,5481,321],{"class":320},[64,5483,86],{"class":78},[64,5485,339],{"class":338},[64,5487,86],{"class":78},[64,5489,401],{"class":338},[64,5491,97],{"class":78},[64,5493,5494,5496,5498,5500,5502,5504],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,5495,125],{"class":108},[64,5497,112],{"class":78},[64,5499,4946],{"class":108},[64,5501,112],{"class":78},[64,5503,4951],{"class":115},[64,5505,471],{"class":78},[20,5507,384],{},[55,5509,5510],{"className":57,"code":537,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,5511,5512],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,5513,5514],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5515,537],{"class":338},[20,5517,5518,5519,148],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5520,147],{},[50,5522,5524],{"id":5523},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5526,5527,5529,5530,148],{},[15,5528,1699],{}," is often used with a ",[221,5531,5532],{},"generator expression",[20,5534,5535],{},"This is a common pattern:",[55,5537,5539],{"className":57,"code":5538,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5540,5541],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,5542,5543,5545,5547,5550,5553,5556,5558,5561],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5544,4946],{"class":108},[64,5546,112],{"class":78},[64,5548,5549],{"class":115},"condition ",[64,5551,5552],{"class":368},"for",[64,5554,5555],{"class":115}," item ",[64,5557,375],{"class":368},[64,5559,5560],{"class":115}," items",[64,5562,119],{"class":78},[20,5564,5565],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5567,5568],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[55,5570,5572],{"className":57,"code":5571,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5573,5574,5602,5606,5633],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,5575,5576,5578,5580,5582,5584,5586,5589,5591,5593,5595,5597,5600],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5577,71],{"class":70},[64,5579,75],{"class":74},[64,5581,79],{"class":78},[64,5583,2334],{"class":82},[64,5585,86],{"class":78},[64,5587,5588],{"class":82}," 7",[64,5590,86],{"class":78},[64,5592,812],{"class":74},[64,5594,815],{"class":82},[64,5596,86],{"class":78},[64,5598,5599],{"class":82}," 10",[64,5601,97],{"class":78},[64,5603,5604],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,5605,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,5607,5608,5610,5612,5615,5617,5619,5621,5623,5625,5627,5629,5631],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,5609,103],{"class":70},[64,5611,75],{"class":74},[64,5613,5614],{"class":108}," any",[64,5616,112],{"class":78},[64,5618,748],{"class":115},[64,5620,3121],{"class":74},[64,5622,315],{"class":82},[64,5624,369],{"class":368},[64,5626,372],{"class":115},[64,5628,375],{"class":368},[64,5630,762],{"class":115},[64,5632,119],{"class":78},[64,5634,5635,5637,5639,5641],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,5636,125],{"class":108},[64,5638,112],{"class":78},[64,5640,130],{"class":115},[64,5642,119],{"class":78},[20,5644,384],{},[55,5646,5647],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,5648,5649],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,5650,5651],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5652,476],{"class":338},[20,5654,5655,5656,5659],{},"This works because ",[15,5657,5658],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[30,5661,5662,5670,5677],{},[33,5663,5664,5667,5668],{},[15,5665,5666],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,5669,147],{},[33,5671,5672,5667,5675],{},[15,5673,5674],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,5676,147],{},[33,5678,5679,5667,5682],{},[15,5680,5681],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,5683,47],{},[20,5685,5686,5687,5689,5690,5692,5693,148],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,5688,47],{}," result, ",[15,5691,1699],{}," can return ",[15,5694,47],{},[20,5696,5697],{},"Here is another example:",[55,5699,5701],{"className":57,"code":5700,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,5702,5703,5732,5736,5766],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,5704,5705,5707,5709,5711,5713,5715,5717,5719,5722,5724,5726,5728,5730],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5706,567],{"class":70},[64,5708,75],{"class":74},[64,5710,79],{"class":78},[64,5712,2686],{"class":320},[64,5714,576],{"class":329},[64,5716,2686],{"class":320},[64,5718,86],{"class":78},[64,5720,5721],{"class":320}," \"\"",[64,5723,86],{"class":78},[64,5725,3184],{"class":320},[64,5727,585],{"class":329},[64,5729,2686],{"class":320},[64,5731,97],{"class":78},[64,5733,5734],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,5735,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,5737,5738,5741,5743,5745,5747,5750,5752,5754,5756,5759,5761,5764],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,5739,5740],{"class":70},"has_empty_string ",[64,5742,75],{"class":74},[64,5744,5614],{"class":108},[64,5746,112],{"class":78},[64,5748,5749],{"class":115},"word ",[64,5751,1196],{"class":74},[64,5753,5721],{"class":320},[64,5755,369],{"class":368},[64,5757,5758],{"class":115}," word ",[64,5760,375],{"class":368},[64,5762,5763],{"class":115}," words",[64,5765,119],{"class":78},[64,5767,5768,5770,5772,5775],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,5769,125],{"class":108},[64,5771,112],{"class":78},[64,5773,5774],{"class":115},"has_empty_string",[64,5776,119],{"class":78},[20,5778,384],{},[55,5780,5781],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,5782,5783],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,5784,5785],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5786,476],{"class":338},[20,5788,5789,5790,148],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[285,5791,5793],{"href":5792},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[50,5795,5797],{"id":5796},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,5799,5800,5801,160],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,5802,147],{},[55,5804,5806],{"className":57,"code":5805,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(any([]))\n",[15,5807,5808],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,5809,5810,5812,5814,5816],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5811,125],{"class":108},[64,5813,112],{"class":78},[64,5815,4946],{"class":108},[64,5817,932],{"class":78},[20,5819,384],{},[55,5821,5822],{"className":57,"code":537,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,5823,5824],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,5825,5826],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5827,537],{"class":338},[20,5829,5830],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,5832,5833,5834,5836],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,5835,1699],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,5838,5839],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[55,5841,5843],{"className":57,"code":5842,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,5844,5845,5855,5870],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,5846,5847,5849,5851,5853],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5848,125],{"class":108},[64,5850,112],{"class":78},[64,5852,4946],{"class":108},[64,5854,990],{"class":78},[64,5856,5857,5859,5861,5863,5865,5868],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,5858,125],{"class":108},[64,5860,112],{"class":78},[64,5862,4946],{"class":108},[64,5864,112],{"class":78},[64,5866,5867],{"class":320},"\"\"",[64,5869,471],{"class":78},[64,5871,5872,5874,5876,5878,5880,5883],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,5873,125],{"class":108},[64,5875,112],{"class":78},[64,5877,4946],{"class":108},[64,5879,112],{"class":78},[64,5881,5882],{"class":357},"set",[64,5884,5885],{"class":78},"()))\n",[20,5887,384],{},[55,5889,5891],{"className":57,"code":5890,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,5892,5893,5897,5901],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,5894,5895],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5896,537],{"class":338},[64,5898,5899],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,5900,537],{"class":338},[64,5902,5903],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,5904,537],{"class":338},[50,5906,5908],{"id":5907},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,5910,1923,5911,5913],{},[15,5912,1699],{}," when you want to:",[30,5915,5916,5919,5922],{},[33,5917,5918],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[33,5920,5921],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[33,5923,5924],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,5926,5927],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[55,5929,5931],{"className":57,"code":5930,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,5932,5933,5958,5962,5972,5976,5990,6009,6020,6026,6031],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,5934,5935,5937,5939,5941,5943,5945,5947,5949,5951,5953,5956],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,5936,71],{"class":70},[64,5938,75],{"class":74},[64,5940,79],{"class":78},[64,5942,83],{"class":82},[64,5944,86],{"class":78},[64,5946,94],{"class":82},[64,5948,86],{"class":78},[64,5950,1112],{"class":82},[64,5952,86],{"class":78},[64,5954,5955],{"class":82}," 8",[64,5957,97],{"class":78},[64,5959,5960],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,5961,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,5963,5964,5967,5969],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,5965,5966],{"class":70},"found_even ",[64,5968,75],{"class":74},[64,5970,5971],{"class":338}," False\n",[64,5973,5974],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,5975,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,5977,5978,5980,5983,5985,5987],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,5979,5552],{"class":368},[64,5981,5982],{"class":70}," number ",[64,5984,375],{"class":368},[64,5986,762],{"class":70},[64,5988,5989],{"class":78},":\n",[64,5991,5992,5995,5997,6000,6002,6005,6007],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,5993,5994],{"class":368},"    if",[64,5996,5982],{"class":70},[64,5998,5999],{"class":74},"%",[64,6001,89],{"class":82},[64,6003,6004],{"class":74}," ==",[64,6006,315],{"class":82},[64,6008,5989],{"class":78},[64,6010,6012,6015,6017],{"class":66,"line":6011},7,[64,6013,6014],{"class":70},"        found_even ",[64,6016,75],{"class":74},[64,6018,6019],{"class":338}," True\n",[64,6021,6023],{"class":66,"line":6022},8,[64,6024,6025],{"class":368},"        break\n",[64,6027,6029],{"class":66,"line":6028},9,[64,6030,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,6032,6034,6036,6038,6041],{"class":66,"line":6033},10,[64,6035,125],{"class":108},[64,6037,112],{"class":78},[64,6039,6040],{"class":115},"found_even",[64,6042,119],{"class":78},[20,6044,6045],{},"You can write:",[55,6047,6049],{"className":57,"code":6048,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6050,6051,6075],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,6052,6053,6055,6057,6059,6061,6063,6065,6067,6069,6071,6073],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6054,71],{"class":70},[64,6056,75],{"class":74},[64,6058,79],{"class":78},[64,6060,83],{"class":82},[64,6062,86],{"class":78},[64,6064,94],{"class":82},[64,6066,86],{"class":78},[64,6068,1112],{"class":82},[64,6070,86],{"class":78},[64,6072,5955],{"class":82},[64,6074,97],{"class":78},[64,6076,6077,6079,6081,6083,6085,6087,6089,6091,6093,6095,6097,6099,6101,6103],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,6078,125],{"class":108},[64,6080,112],{"class":78},[64,6082,4946],{"class":108},[64,6084,112],{"class":78},[64,6086,2048],{"class":115},[64,6088,5999],{"class":74},[64,6090,89],{"class":82},[64,6092,6004],{"class":74},[64,6094,315],{"class":82},[64,6096,369],{"class":368},[64,6098,5982],{"class":115},[64,6100,375],{"class":368},[64,6102,762],{"class":115},[64,6104,471],{"class":78},[20,6106,6107,6108,6110],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6109,1699],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[50,6112,1023],{"id":1022},[20,6114,6115,6116,148],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6117,1699],{},[428,6119,6121],{"id":6120},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6123,1030],{},[55,6125,6127],{"className":57,"code":6126,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6128,6129],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,6130,6131,6133,6135,6137,6139,6141],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6132,125],{"class":108},[64,6134,112],{"class":78},[64,6136,4946],{"class":108},[64,6138,112],{"class":78},[64,6140,1107],{"class":82},[64,6142,471],{"class":78},[20,6144,6145,6146,6148],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6147,1107],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6150,6151],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[55,6153,6155],{"className":57,"code":6154,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6156,6157],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,6158,6159,6161,6163,6165,6167,6169],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6160,125],{"class":108},[64,6162,112],{"class":78},[64,6164,4946],{"class":108},[64,6166,354],{"class":78},[64,6168,1107],{"class":82},[64,6170,1081],{"class":78},[428,6172,6174],{"id":6173},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6176,6177,6179,6180,6183],{},[15,6178,1699],{}," needs only ",[221,6181,6182],{},"one"," truthy item.",[55,6185,6187],{"className":57,"code":6186,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6188,6189],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,6190,6191,6193,6195,6197,6199,6201,6203,6205,6207,6209],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6192,125],{"class":108},[64,6194,112],{"class":78},[64,6196,4946],{"class":108},[64,6198,354],{"class":78},[64,6200,147],{"class":338},[64,6202,86],{"class":78},[64,6204,401],{"class":338},[64,6206,86],{"class":78},[64,6208,410],{"class":338},[64,6210,1081],{"class":78},[20,6212,384],{},[55,6214,6215],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,6216,6217],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,6218,6219],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6220,476],{"class":338},[20,6222,6223,6224,6228],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[285,6225,6226],{"href":5018},[15,6227,17],{}," instead.",[428,6230,6232],{"id":6231},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6234,6235,6236,148],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6237,6238],{},"\"True\"",[55,6240,6242],{"className":57,"code":6241,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6243,6244],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,6245,6246,6248,6250,6252,6254,6256,6258,6260],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6247,125],{"class":108},[64,6249,112],{"class":78},[64,6251,4946],{"class":108},[64,6253,354],{"class":78},[64,6255,2686],{"class":320},[64,6257,147],{"class":329},[64,6259,2686],{"class":320},[64,6261,1081],{"class":78},[20,6263,384],{},[55,6265,6266],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,6267,6268],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,6269,6270],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6271,476],{"class":338},[20,6273,6274,6275,6278],{},"That is because ",[15,6276,6277],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[428,6280,6282],{"id":6281},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6284,6285],{},"This works:",[55,6287,6289],{"className":57,"code":6288,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6290,6291,6311],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,6292,6293,6295,6297,6299,6301,6303,6305,6307,6309],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6294,71],{"class":70},[64,6296,75],{"class":74},[64,6298,79],{"class":78},[64,6300,83],{"class":82},[64,6302,86],{"class":78},[64,6304,89],{"class":82},[64,6306,86],{"class":78},[64,6308,94],{"class":82},[64,6310,97],{"class":78},[64,6312,6313,6315,6317,6319,6321,6323,6325,6327,6329,6331,6333,6335],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,6314,125],{"class":108},[64,6316,112],{"class":78},[64,6318,4946],{"class":108},[64,6320,354],{"class":78},[64,6322,748],{"class":115},[64,6324,751],{"class":74},[64,6326,89],{"class":82},[64,6328,369],{"class":368},[64,6330,372],{"class":115},[64,6332,375],{"class":368},[64,6334,762],{"class":115},[64,6336,1081],{"class":78},[20,6338,6339],{},"But this is usually better:",[55,6341,6343],{"className":57,"code":6342,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6344,6345,6365],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,6346,6347,6349,6351,6353,6355,6357,6359,6361,6363],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6348,71],{"class":70},[64,6350,75],{"class":74},[64,6352,79],{"class":78},[64,6354,83],{"class":82},[64,6356,86],{"class":78},[64,6358,89],{"class":82},[64,6360,86],{"class":78},[64,6362,94],{"class":82},[64,6364,97],{"class":78},[64,6366,6367,6369,6371,6373,6375,6377,6379,6381,6383,6385,6387,6389],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,6368,125],{"class":108},[64,6370,112],{"class":78},[64,6372,4946],{"class":108},[64,6374,112],{"class":78},[64,6376,748],{"class":115},[64,6378,751],{"class":74},[64,6380,89],{"class":82},[64,6382,369],{"class":368},[64,6384,372],{"class":115},[64,6386,375],{"class":368},[64,6388,762],{"class":115},[64,6390,471],{"class":78},[20,6392,6393],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[50,6395,1651],{"id":1650},[428,6397,6399],{"id":6398},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6401,1661,6402,6404,6405,148],{},[15,6403,47],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6406,147],{},[428,6408,6410],{"id":6409},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6412,6413,44,6415,6417],{},[15,6414,1699],{},[15,6416,147],{}," for an empty iterable.",[428,6419,6421],{"id":6420},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6423,6424,6426,6427,6429],{},[15,6425,1699],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6428,17],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[428,6431,6433],{"id":6432},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6435,6436],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[55,6438,6439],{"className":57,"code":5538,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,6440,6441],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,6442,6443,6445,6447,6449,6451,6453,6455,6457],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6444,4946],{"class":108},[64,6446,112],{"class":78},[64,6448,5549],{"class":115},[64,6450,5552],{"class":368},[64,6452,5555],{"class":115},[64,6454,375],{"class":368},[64,6456,5560],{"class":115},[64,6458,119],{"class":78},[20,6460,5065],{},[55,6462,6463],{"className":57,"code":6342,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,6464,6465,6485],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,6466,6467,6469,6471,6473,6475,6477,6479,6481,6483],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6468,71],{"class":70},[64,6470,75],{"class":74},[64,6472,79],{"class":78},[64,6474,83],{"class":82},[64,6476,86],{"class":78},[64,6478,89],{"class":82},[64,6480,86],{"class":78},[64,6482,94],{"class":82},[64,6484,97],{"class":78},[64,6486,6487,6489,6491,6493,6495,6497,6499,6501,6503,6505,6507,6509],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,6488,125],{"class":108},[64,6490,112],{"class":78},[64,6492,4946],{"class":108},[64,6494,112],{"class":78},[64,6496,748],{"class":115},[64,6498,751],{"class":74},[64,6500,89],{"class":82},[64,6502,369],{"class":368},[64,6504,372],{"class":115},[64,6506,375],{"class":368},[64,6508,762],{"class":115},[64,6510,471],{"class":78},[50,6512,1717],{"id":1716},[30,6514,6515,6521,6525,6529,6534],{},[33,6516,6517],{},[285,6518,6519,1713],{"href":5018},[15,6520,17],{},[33,6522,6523],{},[285,6524,288],{"href":5371},[33,6526,6527],{},[285,6528,1734],{"href":5180},[33,6530,6531],{},[285,6532,6533],{"href":5792},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[33,6535,6536],{},[285,6537,6538,1713],{"href":5374},[15,6539,294],{},[1751,6541,6542],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":6544},[6545,6546,6547,6548,6549,6550,6551,6552,6558,6564],{"id":4968,"depth":100,"text":4969},{"id":5023,"depth":100,"text":5024},{"id":205,"depth":100,"text":206},{"id":5380,"depth":100,"text":5381},{"id":5523,"depth":100,"text":5524},{"id":5796,"depth":100,"text":5797},{"id":5907,"depth":100,"text":5908},{"id":1022,"depth":100,"text":1023,"children":6553},[6554,6555,6556,6557],{"id":6120,"depth":122,"text":6121},{"id":6173,"depth":122,"text":6174},{"id":6231,"depth":122,"text":6232},{"id":6281,"depth":122,"text":6282},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":6559},[6560,6561,6562,6563],{"id":6398,"depth":122,"text":6399},{"id":6409,"depth":122,"text":6410},{"id":6420,"depth":122,"text":6421},{"id":6432,"depth":122,"text":6433},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":4871,"description":6565},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6571,"title":6572,"body":6573,"description":8709,"extension":1791,"meta":8710,"navigation":346,"path":8711,"seo":8712,"stem":8713,"__hash__":8714},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6574,"toc":8672},[6575,6578,6587,6597,6599,6696,6698,6727,6743,6747,6752,6755,6765,6771,6777,6793,6795,6803,6810,6814,6817,6832,6837,6855,6860,6862,6910,6912,6929,6933,6939,6942,6977,6979,7085,7087,7124,7128,7136,7138,7158,7160,7281,7283,7312,7315,7338,7340,7348,7356,7360,7366,7370,7413,7415,7423,7426,7454,7456,7464,7468,7497,7499,7507,7539,7541,7549,7553,7604,7606,7614,7622,7626,7629,7682,7684,7705,7712,7716,7722,7725,7733,7755,7757,7765,7773,7796,7798,7806,7811,7816,7828,7830,7871,7882,7886,7895,7898,7901,7960,7963,8015,8018,8024,8040,8046,8048,8053,8062,8065,8087,8089,8097,8102,8105,8140,8142,8150,8154,8159,8197,8209,8212,8267,8275,8279,8282,8304,8313,8316,8357,8359,8382,8388,8394,8409,8411,8431,8434,8453,8455,8474,8478,8484,8563,8566,8580,8587,8589,8593,8600,8604,8608,8612,8617,8621,8626,8630,8637,8639,8669],[10,6576,6572],{"id":6577},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6579,1808,6580,6582,6583,212,6585,148],{},[15,6581,294],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6584,47],{},[15,6586,147],{},[20,6588,6589,6590,6592,6593,6596],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6591,294],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6594,6595],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[50,6598,53],{"id":52},[55,6600,6602],{"className":57,"code":6601,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6603,6604,6618,6632,6646,6664,6674],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,6605,6606,6608,6610,6612,6614,6616],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6607,125],{"class":108},[64,6609,112],{"class":78},[64,6611,358],{"class":357},[64,6613,112],{"class":78},[64,6615,243],{"class":82},[64,6617,471],{"class":78},[64,6619,6620,6622,6624,6626,6628,6630],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,6621,125],{"class":108},[64,6623,112],{"class":78},[64,6625,358],{"class":357},[64,6627,112],{"class":78},[64,6629,83],{"class":82},[64,6631,471],{"class":78},[64,6633,6634,6636,6638,6640,6642,6644],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,6635,125],{"class":108},[64,6637,112],{"class":78},[64,6639,358],{"class":357},[64,6641,112],{"class":78},[64,6643,5867],{"class":320},[64,6645,471],{"class":78},[64,6647,6648,6650,6652,6654,6656,6658,6660,6662],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,6649,125],{"class":108},[64,6651,112],{"class":78},[64,6653,358],{"class":357},[64,6655,112],{"class":78},[64,6657,2686],{"class":320},[64,6659,330],{"class":329},[64,6661,2686],{"class":320},[64,6663,471],{"class":78},[64,6665,6666,6668,6670,6672],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,6667,125],{"class":108},[64,6669,112],{"class":78},[64,6671,358],{"class":357},[64,6673,932],{"class":78},[64,6675,6676,6678,6680,6682,6684,6686,6688,6690,6692,6694],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,6677,125],{"class":108},[64,6679,112],{"class":78},[64,6681,358],{"class":357},[64,6683,354],{"class":78},[64,6685,83],{"class":82},[64,6687,86],{"class":78},[64,6689,89],{"class":82},[64,6691,86],{"class":78},[64,6693,94],{"class":82},[64,6695,1081],{"class":78},[20,6697,5153],{},[55,6699,6701],{"className":57,"code":6700,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,6702,6703,6707,6711,6715,6719,6723],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,6704,6705],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6706,537],{"class":338},[64,6708,6709],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,6710,476],{"class":338},[64,6712,6713],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,6714,537],{"class":338},[64,6716,6717],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,6718,476],{"class":338},[64,6720,6721],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,6722,537],{"class":338},[64,6724,6725],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,6726,476],{"class":338},[20,6728,1923,6729,6732,6733,212,6735,6737,6738,6740,6741,148],{},[15,6730,6731],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,6734,47],{},[15,6736,147],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,6739,147],{},". Most other values become ",[15,6742,47],{},[50,6744,6746],{"id":6745},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,6748,6749,6751],{},[15,6750,294],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,6753,6754],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[30,6756,6757,6761],{},[33,6758,6759],{},[15,6760,47],{},[33,6762,6763],{},[15,6764,147],{},[20,6766,6767,6768,6770],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,6769,6595],{}," statements.",[20,6772,6773,6774,6776],{},"You can also call ",[15,6775,294],{}," with no argument:",[55,6778,6780],{"className":57,"code":6779,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(bool())\n",[15,6781,6782],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,6783,6784,6786,6788,6790],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6785,125],{"class":108},[64,6787,112],{"class":78},[64,6789,358],{"class":357},[64,6791,6792],{"class":78},"())\n",[20,6794,384],{},[55,6796,6797],{"className":57,"code":537,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,6798,6799],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,6800,6801],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6802,537],{"class":338},[20,6804,6805,6806,148],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[285,6807,6809],{"href":6808},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[50,6811,6813],{"id":6812},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,6815,6816],{},"The basic syntax is:",[55,6818,6820],{"className":57,"code":6819,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"bool(value)\n",[15,6821,6822],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,6823,6824,6826,6828,6830],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6825,358],{"class":357},[64,6827,112],{"class":78},[64,6829,2302],{"class":115},[64,6831,119],{"class":78},[20,6833,1808,6834,6836],{},[15,6835,2302],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[30,6838,6839,6841,6843,6845,6847,6850,6852],{},[33,6840,116],{},[33,6842,4901],{},[33,6844,4892],{},[33,6846,4895],{},[33,6848,6849],{},"dictionaries",[33,6851,4898],{},[33,6853,6854],{},"other objects",[20,6856,6857,6858,148],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,6859,147],{},[20,6861,916],{},[55,6863,6865],{"className":57,"code":6864,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,6866,6867,6881,6900],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,6868,6869,6871,6873,6875,6877,6879],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6870,125],{"class":108},[64,6872,112],{"class":78},[64,6874,358],{"class":357},[64,6876,112],{"class":78},[64,6878,2160],{"class":82},[64,6880,471],{"class":78},[64,6882,6883,6885,6887,6889,6891,6893,6896,6898],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,6884,125],{"class":108},[64,6886,112],{"class":78},[64,6888,358],{"class":357},[64,6890,112],{"class":78},[64,6892,2686],{"class":320},[64,6894,6895],{"class":329},"Python",[64,6897,2686],{"class":320},[64,6899,471],{"class":78},[64,6901,6902,6904,6906,6908],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,6903,125],{"class":108},[64,6905,112],{"class":78},[64,6907,358],{"class":357},[64,6909,6792],{"class":78},[20,6911,384],{},[55,6913,6915],{"className":57,"code":6914,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,6916,6917,6921,6925],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,6918,6919],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6920,476],{"class":338},[64,6922,6923],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,6924,476],{"class":338},[64,6926,6927],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,6928,537],{"class":338},[50,6930,6932],{"id":6931},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,6934,6935,6936,6938],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[221,6937,5190],{}," values.",[20,6940,6941],{},"Common examples:",[30,6943,6944,6948,6952,6956,6960,6965,6969,6973],{},[33,6945,6946],{},[15,6947,243],{},[33,6949,6950],{},[15,6951,248],{},[33,6953,6954],{},[15,6955,5867],{},[33,6957,6958],{},[15,6959,267],{},[33,6961,6962],{},[15,6963,6964],{},"()",[33,6966,6967],{},[15,6968,272],{},[33,6970,6971],{},[15,6972,277],{},[33,6974,6975],{},[15,6976,258],{},[20,6978,916],{},[55,6980,6982],{"className":57,"code":6981,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,6983,6984,6998,7012,7026,7036,7046,7057,7071],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,6985,6986,6988,6990,6992,6994,6996],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,6987,125],{"class":108},[64,6989,112],{"class":78},[64,6991,358],{"class":357},[64,6993,112],{"class":78},[64,6995,243],{"class":82},[64,6997,471],{"class":78},[64,6999,7000,7002,7004,7006,7008,7010],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,7001,125],{"class":108},[64,7003,112],{"class":78},[64,7005,358],{"class":357},[64,7007,112],{"class":78},[64,7009,248],{"class":82},[64,7011,471],{"class":78},[64,7013,7014,7016,7018,7020,7022,7024],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,7015,125],{"class":108},[64,7017,112],{"class":78},[64,7019,358],{"class":357},[64,7021,112],{"class":78},[64,7023,5867],{"class":320},[64,7025,471],{"class":78},[64,7027,7028,7030,7032,7034],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,7029,125],{"class":108},[64,7031,112],{"class":78},[64,7033,358],{"class":357},[64,7035,932],{"class":78},[64,7037,7038,7040,7042,7044],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,7039,125],{"class":108},[64,7041,112],{"class":78},[64,7043,358],{"class":357},[64,7045,990],{"class":78},[64,7047,7048,7050,7052,7054],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,7049,125],{"class":108},[64,7051,112],{"class":78},[64,7053,358],{"class":357},[64,7055,7056],{"class":78},"({}))\n",[64,7058,7059,7061,7063,7065,7067,7069],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,7060,125],{"class":108},[64,7062,112],{"class":78},[64,7064,358],{"class":357},[64,7066,112],{"class":78},[64,7068,5882],{"class":357},[64,7070,5885],{"class":78},[64,7072,7073,7075,7077,7079,7081,7083],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,7074,125],{"class":108},[64,7076,112],{"class":78},[64,7078,358],{"class":357},[64,7080,112],{"class":78},[64,7082,258],{"class":338},[64,7084,471],{"class":78},[20,7086,384],{},[55,7088,7090],{"className":57,"code":7089,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7091,7092,7096,7100,7104,7108,7112,7116,7120],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,7093,7094],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7095,537],{"class":338},[64,7097,7098],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,7099,537],{"class":338},[64,7101,7102],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,7103,537],{"class":338},[64,7105,7106],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,7107,537],{"class":338},[64,7109,7110],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,7111,537],{"class":338},[64,7113,7114],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,7115,537],{"class":338},[64,7117,7118],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,7119,537],{"class":338},[64,7121,7122],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,7123,537],{"class":338},[50,7125,7127],{"id":7126},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7129,7130,7131,7133,7134,6938],{},"Many values become ",[15,7132,47],{},". These are often called ",[221,7135,5187],{},[20,7137,6941],{},[30,7139,7140,7143,7146,7149,7152,7155],{},[33,7141,7142],{},"non-zero numbers",[33,7144,7145],{},"non-empty strings",[33,7147,7148],{},"non-empty lists",[33,7150,7151],{},"non-empty tuples",[33,7153,7154],{},"non-empty sets",[33,7156,7157],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7159,916],{},[55,7161,7163],{"className":57,"code":7162,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7164,7165,7179,7195,7213,7235,7253],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,7166,7167,7169,7171,7173,7175,7177],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7168,125],{"class":108},[64,7170,112],{"class":78},[64,7172,358],{"class":357},[64,7174,112],{"class":78},[64,7176,1107],{"class":82},[64,7178,471],{"class":78},[64,7180,7181,7183,7185,7187,7189,7191,7193],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,7182,125],{"class":108},[64,7184,112],{"class":78},[64,7186,358],{"class":357},[64,7188,112],{"class":78},[64,7190,1852],{"class":74},[64,7192,815],{"class":82},[64,7194,471],{"class":78},[64,7196,7197,7199,7201,7203,7205,7207,7209,7211],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,7198,125],{"class":108},[64,7200,112],{"class":78},[64,7202,358],{"class":357},[64,7204,112],{"class":78},[64,7206,2686],{"class":320},[64,7208,330],{"class":329},[64,7210,2686],{"class":320},[64,7212,471],{"class":78},[64,7214,7215,7217,7219,7221,7223,7225,7227,7229,7231,7233],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,7216,125],{"class":108},[64,7218,112],{"class":78},[64,7220,358],{"class":357},[64,7222,354],{"class":78},[64,7224,83],{"class":82},[64,7226,86],{"class":78},[64,7228,89],{"class":82},[64,7230,86],{"class":78},[64,7232,94],{"class":82},[64,7234,1081],{"class":78},[64,7236,7237,7239,7241,7243,7245,7247,7249,7251],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,7238,125],{"class":108},[64,7240,112],{"class":78},[64,7242,358],{"class":357},[64,7244,5104],{"class":78},[64,7246,83],{"class":82},[64,7248,86],{"class":78},[64,7250,89],{"class":82},[64,7252,2744],{"class":78},[64,7254,7255,7257,7259,7261,7263,7265,7268,7270,7272,7274,7277,7279],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,7256,125],{"class":108},[64,7258,112],{"class":78},[64,7260,358],{"class":357},[64,7262,5123],{"class":78},[64,7264,2686],{"class":320},[64,7266,7267],{"class":329},"name",[64,7269,2686],{"class":320},[64,7271,160],{"class":78},[64,7273,3184],{"class":320},[64,7275,7276],{"class":329},"Sam",[64,7278,2686],{"class":320},[64,7280,5132],{"class":78},[20,7282,384],{},[55,7284,7286],{"className":57,"code":7285,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7287,7288,7292,7296,7300,7304,7308],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,7289,7290],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7291,476],{"class":338},[64,7293,7294],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,7295,476],{"class":338},[64,7297,7298],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,7299,476],{"class":338},[64,7301,7302],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,7303,476],{"class":338},[64,7305,7306],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,7307,476],{"class":338},[64,7309,7310],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,7311,476],{"class":338},[20,7313,7314],{},"One important example is this:",[55,7316,7318],{"className":57,"code":7317,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7319,7320],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,7321,7322,7324,7326,7328,7330,7332,7334,7336],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7323,125],{"class":108},[64,7325,112],{"class":78},[64,7327,358],{"class":357},[64,7329,112],{"class":78},[64,7331,2686],{"class":320},[64,7333,147],{"class":329},[64,7335,2686],{"class":320},[64,7337,471],{"class":78},[20,7339,384],{},[55,7341,7342],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,7343,7344],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,7345,7346],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7347,476],{"class":338},[20,7349,7350,7351,7353,7354,148],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7352,6277],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7355,47],{},[50,7357,7359],{"id":7358},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7361,7362,7363,7365],{},"You can use ",[15,7364,294],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[428,7367,7369],{"id":7368},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[55,7371,7373],{"className":57,"code":7372,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7374,7375,7398],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,7376,7377,7380,7382,7384,7386,7388,7391,7393,7396],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7378,7379],{"class":70},"items ",[64,7381,75],{"class":74},[64,7383,79],{"class":78},[64,7385,2160],{"class":82},[64,7387,86],{"class":78},[64,7389,7390],{"class":82}," 20",[64,7392,86],{"class":78},[64,7394,7395],{"class":82}," 30",[64,7397,97],{"class":78},[64,7399,7400,7402,7404,7406,7408,7411],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,7401,125],{"class":108},[64,7403,112],{"class":78},[64,7405,358],{"class":357},[64,7407,112],{"class":78},[64,7409,7410],{"class":115},"items",[64,7412,471],{"class":78},[20,7414,384],{},[55,7416,7417],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,7418,7419],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,7420,7421],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7422,476],{"class":338},[20,7424,7425],{},"With an empty list:",[55,7427,7429],{"className":57,"code":7428,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7430,7431,7440],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,7432,7433,7435,7437],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7434,7379],{"class":70},[64,7436,75],{"class":74},[64,7438,7439],{"class":78}," []\n",[64,7441,7442,7444,7446,7448,7450,7452],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,7443,125],{"class":108},[64,7445,112],{"class":78},[64,7447,358],{"class":357},[64,7449,112],{"class":78},[64,7451,7410],{"class":115},[64,7453,471],{"class":78},[20,7455,384],{},[55,7457,7458],{"className":57,"code":537,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,7459,7460],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,7461,7462],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7463,537],{"class":338},[428,7465,7467],{"id":7466},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[55,7469,7471],{"className":57,"code":7470,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7472,7473,7483],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,7474,7475,7478,7480],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7476,7477],{"class":70},"name ",[64,7479,75],{"class":74},[64,7481,7482],{"class":320}," \"\"\n",[64,7484,7485,7487,7489,7491,7493,7495],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,7486,125],{"class":108},[64,7488,112],{"class":78},[64,7490,358],{"class":357},[64,7492,112],{"class":78},[64,7494,7267],{"class":115},[64,7496,471],{"class":78},[20,7498,384],{},[55,7500,7501],{"className":57,"code":537,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,7502,7503],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,7504,7505],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7506,537],{"class":338},[55,7508,7510],{"className":57,"code":7509,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7511,7512,7525],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,7513,7514,7516,7518,7520,7523],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7515,7477],{"class":70},[64,7517,75],{"class":74},[64,7519,3184],{"class":320},[64,7521,7522],{"class":329},"Mia",[64,7524,3190],{"class":320},[64,7526,7527,7529,7531,7533,7535,7537],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,7528,125],{"class":108},[64,7530,112],{"class":78},[64,7532,358],{"class":357},[64,7534,112],{"class":78},[64,7536,7267],{"class":115},[64,7538,471],{"class":78},[20,7540,384],{},[55,7542,7543],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,7544,7545],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,7546,7547],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7548,476],{"class":338},[428,7550,7552],{"id":7551},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[55,7554,7556],{"className":57,"code":7555,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7557,7558,7572,7589,7593],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,7559,7560,7563,7565,7567,7570],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7561,7562],{"class":70},"username ",[64,7564,75],{"class":74},[64,7566,3184],{"class":320},[64,7568,7569],{"class":329},"alex",[64,7571,3190],{"class":320},[64,7573,7574,7577,7579,7582,7584,7587],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,7575,7576],{"class":70},"has_name ",[64,7578,75],{"class":74},[64,7580,7581],{"class":357}," bool",[64,7583,112],{"class":78},[64,7585,7586],{"class":115},"username",[64,7588,119],{"class":78},[64,7590,7591],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,7592,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,7594,7595,7597,7599,7602],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,7596,125],{"class":108},[64,7598,112],{"class":78},[64,7600,7601],{"class":115},"has_name",[64,7603,119],{"class":78},[20,7605,384],{},[55,7607,7608],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,7609,7610],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,7611,7612],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7613,476],{"class":338},[20,7615,7616,7617,212,7619,7621],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7618,47],{},[15,7620,147],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[428,7623,7625],{"id":7624},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,7627,7628],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[55,7630,7632],{"className":57,"code":7631,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7633,7634,7654,7658,7666],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,7635,7636,7638,7640,7642,7644,7646,7648,7650,7652],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7637,71],{"class":70},[64,7639,75],{"class":74},[64,7641,79],{"class":78},[64,7643,83],{"class":82},[64,7645,86],{"class":78},[64,7647,89],{"class":82},[64,7649,86],{"class":78},[64,7651,94],{"class":82},[64,7653,97],{"class":78},[64,7655,7656],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,7657,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,7659,7660,7662,7664],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,7661,6595],{"class":368},[64,7663,762],{"class":70},[64,7665,5989],{"class":78},[64,7667,7668,7671,7673,7675,7678,7680],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,7669,7670],{"class":108},"    print",[64,7672,112],{"class":78},[64,7674,2686],{"class":320},[64,7676,7677],{"class":329},"The list is not empty",[64,7679,2686],{"class":320},[64,7681,119],{"class":78},[20,7683,384],{},[55,7685,7687],{"className":57,"code":7686,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"The list is not empty\n",[15,7688,7689],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,7690,7691,7693,7696,7699,7702],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7692,1808],{"class":70},[64,7694,7695],{"class":357},"list",[64,7697,7698],{"class":74}," is",[64,7700,7701],{"class":74}," not",[64,7703,7704],{"class":70}," empty\n",[20,7706,7707,7708,148],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[285,7709,7711],{"href":7710},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[50,7713,7715],{"id":7714},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,7717,7718,7719,7721],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,7720,294],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,7723,7724],{},"It does not do that.",[428,7726,7728,44,7731],{"id":7727},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,7729,7730],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,7732,47],{},[55,7734,7735],{"className":57,"code":7317,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,7736,7737],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,7738,7739,7741,7743,7745,7747,7749,7751,7753],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7740,125],{"class":108},[64,7742,112],{"class":78},[64,7744,358],{"class":357},[64,7746,112],{"class":78},[64,7748,2686],{"class":320},[64,7750,147],{"class":329},[64,7752,2686],{"class":320},[64,7754,471],{"class":78},[20,7756,384],{},[55,7758,7759],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,7760,7761],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,7762,7763],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7764,476],{"class":338},[428,7766,7768,44,7771],{"id":7767},"bool0-returns-true",[15,7769,7770],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,7772,47],{},[55,7774,7776],{"className":57,"code":7775,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,7777,7778],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,7779,7780,7782,7784,7786,7788,7790,7792,7794],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7781,125],{"class":108},[64,7783,112],{"class":78},[64,7785,358],{"class":357},[64,7787,112],{"class":78},[64,7789,2686],{"class":320},[64,7791,243],{"class":329},[64,7793,2686],{"class":320},[64,7795,471],{"class":78},[20,7797,384],{},[55,7799,7800],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,7801,7802],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,7803,7804],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7805,476],{"class":338},[20,7807,7808,7809,148],{},"This happens because both values are ",[221,7810,7145],{},[20,7812,7813,7815],{},[15,7814,294],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,7817,7818,7819,7824,7825,7827],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[285,7820,7822],{"href":7821},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,7823,2790],{},", because ",[15,7826,2790],{}," always returns a string.",[20,7829,916],{},[55,7831,7833],{"className":57,"code":7832,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,7834,7835,7856],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,7836,7837,7840,7842,7845,7847,7849,7852,7854],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7838,7839],{"class":70},"user_value ",[64,7841,75],{"class":74},[64,7843,7844],{"class":108}," input",[64,7846,112],{"class":78},[64,7848,2686],{"class":320},[64,7850,7851],{"class":329},"Enter True or False: ",[64,7853,2686],{"class":320},[64,7855,119],{"class":78},[64,7857,7858,7860,7862,7864,7866,7869],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,7859,125],{"class":108},[64,7861,112],{"class":78},[64,7863,358],{"class":357},[64,7865,112],{"class":78},[64,7867,7868],{"class":115},"user_value",[64,7870,471],{"class":78},[20,7872,7873,7874,7876,7877,7824,7879,7881],{},"If the user types ",[15,7875,147],{},", the result will still be ",[15,7878,47],{},[15,7880,6277],{}," is not empty.",[50,7883,7885],{"id":7884},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,7887,7888,7889,7891,7892,7894],{},"In many ",[15,7890,6595],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,7893,294],{}," yourself.",[20,7896,7897],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,7899,7900],{},"Instead of this:",[55,7902,7904],{"className":57,"code":7903,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7905,7906,7927,7931,7945],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,7907,7908,7911,7913,7915,7917,7919,7921,7923,7925],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7909,7910],{"class":70},"my_list ",[64,7912,75],{"class":74},[64,7914,79],{"class":78},[64,7916,83],{"class":82},[64,7918,86],{"class":78},[64,7920,89],{"class":82},[64,7922,86],{"class":78},[64,7924,94],{"class":82},[64,7926,97],{"class":78},[64,7928,7929],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,7930,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,7932,7933,7935,7937,7939,7942],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,7934,6595],{"class":368},[64,7936,7581],{"class":357},[64,7938,112],{"class":78},[64,7940,7941],{"class":115},"my_list",[64,7943,7944],{"class":78},"):\n",[64,7946,7947,7949,7951,7953,7956,7958],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,7948,7670],{"class":108},[64,7950,112],{"class":78},[64,7952,2686],{"class":320},[64,7954,7955],{"class":329},"List has items",[64,7957,2686],{"class":320},[64,7959,119],{"class":78},[20,7961,7962],{},"You can simply write:",[55,7964,7966],{"className":57,"code":7965,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7967,7968,7988,7992,8001],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,7969,7970,7972,7974,7976,7978,7980,7982,7984,7986],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,7971,7910],{"class":70},[64,7973,75],{"class":74},[64,7975,79],{"class":78},[64,7977,83],{"class":82},[64,7979,86],{"class":78},[64,7981,89],{"class":82},[64,7983,86],{"class":78},[64,7985,94],{"class":82},[64,7987,97],{"class":78},[64,7989,7990],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,7991,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,7993,7994,7996,7999],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,7995,6595],{"class":368},[64,7997,7998],{"class":70}," my_list",[64,8000,5989],{"class":78},[64,8002,8003,8005,8007,8009,8011,8013],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,8004,7670],{"class":108},[64,8006,112],{"class":78},[64,8008,2686],{"class":320},[64,8010,7955],{"class":329},[64,8012,2686],{"class":320},[64,8014,119],{"class":78},[20,8016,8017],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8019,8020,8021,8023],{},"Using ",[15,8022,294],{}," is still helpful when:",[30,8025,8026,8029,8037],{},[33,8027,8028],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[33,8030,8031,8032,212,8034,8036],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8033,47],{},[15,8035,147],{}," value",[33,8038,8039],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8041,8042,8043,148],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[285,8044,8045],{"href":2128},"Python type() function explained",[50,8047,2661],{"id":2660},[20,8049,8050,8051,148],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8052,294],{},[428,8054,8056,8057,8059,8060],{"id":8055},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,8058,7730],{}," to return ",[15,8061,147],{},[20,8063,8064],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[55,8066,8067],{"className":57,"code":7317,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,8068,8069],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,8070,8071,8073,8075,8077,8079,8081,8083,8085],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8072,125],{"class":108},[64,8074,112],{"class":78},[64,8076,358],{"class":357},[64,8078,112],{"class":78},[64,8080,2686],{"class":320},[64,8082,147],{"class":329},[64,8084,2686],{"class":320},[64,8086,471],{"class":78},[20,8088,384],{},[55,8090,8091],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,8092,8093],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,8094,8095],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8096,476],{"class":338},[20,8098,8099,8100,6278],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8101,6277],{},[20,8103,8104],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[55,8106,8108],{"className":57,"code":8107,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8109,8110,8122],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,8111,8112,8114,8116,8118,8120],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8113,2276],{"class":70},[64,8115,75],{"class":74},[64,8117,3184],{"class":320},[64,8119,147],{"class":329},[64,8121,3190],{"class":320},[64,8123,8124,8126,8128,8130,8132,8134,8136,8138],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,8125,125],{"class":108},[64,8127,112],{"class":78},[64,8129,2276],{"class":115},[64,8131,1196],{"class":74},[64,8133,3184],{"class":320},[64,8135,47],{"class":329},[64,8137,2686],{"class":320},[64,8139,119],{"class":78},[20,8141,384],{},[55,8143,8144],{"className":57,"code":537,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,8145,8146],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,8147,8148],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8149,537],{"class":338},[428,8151,8153],{"id":8152},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8155,8156,8158],{},[15,8157,2790],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[55,8160,8162],{"className":57,"code":8161,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8163,8164,8183],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,8165,8166,8168,8170,8172,8174,8176,8179,8181],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8167,2276],{"class":70},[64,8169,75],{"class":74},[64,8171,7844],{"class":108},[64,8173,112],{"class":78},[64,8175,2686],{"class":320},[64,8177,8178],{"class":329},"Enter yes or no: ",[64,8180,2686],{"class":320},[64,8182,119],{"class":78},[64,8184,8185,8187,8189,8191,8193,8195],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,8186,125],{"class":108},[64,8188,112],{"class":78},[64,8190,358],{"class":357},[64,8192,112],{"class":78},[64,8194,2302],{"class":115},[64,8196,471],{"class":78},[20,8198,7873,8199,8202,8203,8205,8206,7881],{},[15,8200,8201],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8204,47],{}," because ",[15,8207,8208],{},"\"no\"",[20,8210,8211],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[55,8213,8215],{"className":57,"code":8214,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8216,8217,8248],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,8218,8219,8221,8223,8225,8227,8229,8231,8233,8236,8239,8242,8245],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8220,2276],{"class":70},[64,8222,75],{"class":74},[64,8224,7844],{"class":108},[64,8226,112],{"class":78},[64,8228,2686],{"class":320},[64,8230,8178],{"class":329},[64,8232,2686],{"class":320},[64,8234,8235],{"class":78},").",[64,8237,8238],{"class":115},"strip",[64,8240,8241],{"class":78},"().",[64,8243,8244],{"class":115},"lower",[64,8246,8247],{"class":78},"()\n",[64,8249,8250,8252,8254,8256,8258,8260,8263,8265],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,8251,125],{"class":108},[64,8253,112],{"class":78},[64,8255,2276],{"class":115},[64,8257,1196],{"class":74},[64,8259,3184],{"class":320},[64,8261,8262],{"class":329},"yes",[64,8264,2686],{"class":320},[64,8266,119],{"class":78},[20,8268,8269,8270,8272,8273,148],{},"This gives ",[15,8271,47],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8274,8262],{},[428,8276,8278],{"id":8277},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8280,8281],{},"These are different:",[30,8283,8284,8288,8292,8296,8300],{},[33,8285,8286],{},[15,8287,147],{},[33,8289,8290],{},[15,8291,243],{},[33,8293,8294],{},[15,8295,5867],{},[33,8297,8298],{},[15,8299,267],{},[33,8301,8302],{},[15,8303,258],{},[20,8305,8306,8307,8309,8310,8312],{},"They all become ",[15,8308,147],{}," with ",[15,8311,294],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8314,8315],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[55,8317,8319],{"className":57,"code":8318,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8320,8321,8329,8343],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,8322,8323,8325,8327],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8324,2276],{"class":70},[64,8326,75],{"class":74},[64,8328,7439],{"class":78},[64,8330,8331,8333,8335,8337,8339,8341],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,8332,125],{"class":108},[64,8334,112],{"class":78},[64,8336,3052],{"class":357},[64,8338,112],{"class":78},[64,8340,2302],{"class":115},[64,8342,471],{"class":78},[64,8344,8345,8347,8349,8351,8353,8355],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,8346,125],{"class":108},[64,8348,112],{"class":78},[64,8350,358],{"class":357},[64,8352,112],{"class":78},[64,8354,2302],{"class":115},[64,8356,471],{"class":78},[20,8358,384],{},[55,8360,8362],{"className":57,"code":8361,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8363,8364,8378],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,8365,8366,8368,8370,8372,8374,8376],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8367,3121],{"class":74},[64,8369,3124],{"class":1895},[64,8371,326],{"class":320},[64,8373,7695],{"class":329},[64,8375,333],{"class":320},[64,8377,3133],{"class":74},[64,8379,8380],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,8381,537],{"class":338},[428,8383,8020,8385,8387],{"id":8384},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8386,272],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8389,8390,8391,8393],{},"In Python, ",[15,8392,272],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[55,8395,8397],{"className":57,"code":8396,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8398,8399],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,8400,8401,8403,8405,8407],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8402,125],{"class":108},[64,8404,112],{"class":78},[64,8406,3052],{"class":357},[64,8408,7056],{"class":78},[20,8410,384],{},[55,8412,8414],{"className":57,"code":8413,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8415,8416],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,8417,8418,8420,8422,8424,8427,8429],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8419,3121],{"class":74},[64,8421,3124],{"class":1895},[64,8423,326],{"class":320},[64,8425,8426],{"class":329},"dict",[64,8428,333],{"class":320},[64,8430,3133],{"class":74},[20,8432,8433],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[55,8435,8437],{"className":57,"code":8436,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8438,8439],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,8440,8441,8443,8445,8447,8449,8451],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8442,125],{"class":108},[64,8444,112],{"class":78},[64,8446,3052],{"class":357},[64,8448,112],{"class":78},[64,8450,5882],{"class":357},[64,8452,5885],{"class":78},[20,8454,384],{},[55,8456,8458],{"className":57,"code":8457,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8459,8460],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,8461,8462,8464,8466,8468,8470,8472],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8463,3121],{"class":74},[64,8465,3124],{"class":1895},[64,8467,326],{"class":320},[64,8469,5882],{"class":329},[64,8471,333],{"class":320},[64,8473,3133],{"class":74},[50,8475,8477],{"id":8476},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8479,8480,8481,8483],{},"If ",[15,8482,294],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[55,8485,8487],{"className":57,"code":8486,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8488,8489,8503,8517,8527,8545],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,8490,8491,8493,8495,8497,8499,8501],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8492,125],{"class":108},[64,8494,112],{"class":78},[64,8496,358],{"class":357},[64,8498,112],{"class":78},[64,8500,2302],{"class":115},[64,8502,471],{"class":78},[64,8504,8505,8507,8509,8511,8513,8515],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,8506,125],{"class":108},[64,8508,112],{"class":78},[64,8510,3052],{"class":357},[64,8512,112],{"class":78},[64,8514,2302],{"class":115},[64,8516,471],{"class":78},[64,8518,8519,8521,8523,8525],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,8520,125],{"class":108},[64,8522,112],{"class":78},[64,8524,2302],{"class":115},[64,8526,119],{"class":78},[64,8528,8529,8531,8533,8535,8537,8539,8541,8543],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,8530,125],{"class":108},[64,8532,112],{"class":78},[64,8534,2276],{"class":115},[64,8536,1196],{"class":74},[64,8538,3184],{"class":320},[64,8540,47],{"class":329},[64,8542,2686],{"class":320},[64,8544,119],{"class":78},[64,8546,8547,8549,8551,8553,8555,8557,8559,8561],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,8548,125],{"class":108},[64,8550,112],{"class":78},[64,8552,2302],{"class":115},[64,8554,148],{"class":78},[64,8556,8238],{"class":115},[64,8558,8241],{"class":78},[64,8560,8244],{"class":115},[64,8562,6792],{"class":78},[20,8564,8565],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[30,8567,8568,8571,8574,8577],{},[33,8569,8570],{},"what the value really is",[33,8572,8573],{},"whether it is a string",[33,8575,8576],{},"whether it contains spaces",[33,8578,8579],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8581,8582,8583,148],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[285,8584,8586],{"href":8585},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[50,8588,1651],{"id":1650},[428,8590,8592],{"id":8591},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8594,8595,8596,212,8598,148],{},"It returns either ",[15,8597,47],{},[15,8599,147],{},[428,8601,8603],{"id":8602},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,8605,1661,8606,148],{},[15,8607,147],{},[428,8609,8611],{"id":8610},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,8613,8614,8615,148],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8616,47],{},[428,8618,8620],{"id":8619},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,8622,8623,8624,148],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8625,147],{},[428,8627,8629],{"id":8628},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,8631,8632,8633,212,8635,215],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8634,47],{},[15,8636,147],{},[50,8638,1717],{"id":1716},[30,8640,8641,8646,8650,8655,8659,8664],{},[33,8642,8643],{},[285,8644,8645],{"href":5371},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[33,8647,8648],{},[285,8649,7711],{"href":7710},[33,8651,8652],{},[285,8653,8654],{"href":7821},"Python input() function explained",[33,8656,8657],{},[285,8658,8045],{"href":2128},[33,8660,8661],{},[285,8662,8663],{"href":8585},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[33,8665,8666],{},[285,8667,8668],{"href":6808},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1751,8670,8671],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":8673},[8674,8675,8676,8677,8678,8679,8685,8691,8692,8700,8701,8708],{"id":52,"depth":100,"text":53},{"id":6745,"depth":100,"text":6746},{"id":6812,"depth":100,"text":6813},{"id":6931,"depth":100,"text":6932},{"id":7126,"depth":100,"text":7127},{"id":7358,"depth":100,"text":7359,"children":8680},[8681,8682,8683,8684],{"id":7368,"depth":122,"text":7369},{"id":7466,"depth":122,"text":7467},{"id":7551,"depth":122,"text":7552},{"id":7624,"depth":122,"text":7625},{"id":7714,"depth":100,"text":7715,"children":8686},[8687,8689],{"id":7727,"depth":122,"text":8688},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":7767,"depth":122,"text":8690},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":7884,"depth":100,"text":7885},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661,"children":8693},[8694,8696,8697,8698],{"id":8055,"depth":122,"text":8695},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8152,"depth":122,"text":8153},{"id":8277,"depth":122,"text":8278},{"id":8384,"depth":122,"text":8699},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8476,"depth":100,"text":8477},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":8702},[8703,8704,8705,8706,8707],{"id":8591,"depth":122,"text":8592},{"id":8602,"depth":122,"text":8603},{"id":8610,"depth":122,"text":8611},{"id":8619,"depth":122,"text":8620},{"id":8628,"depth":122,"text":8629},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6572,"description":8709},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8716,"title":8717,"body":8718,"description":10914,"extension":1791,"meta":10915,"navigation":346,"path":10916,"seo":10917,"stem":10918,"__hash__":10919},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8719,"toc":10876},[8720,8726,8732,8739,8744,8755,8762,8871,8875,8944,8949,8954,8959,8962,8973,8978,8981,8992,8999,9001,9006,9010,9035,9039,9048,9052,9115,9119,9152,9156,9201,9205,9242,9246,9249,9305,9309,9355,9358,9363,9402,9406,9429,9432,9446,9459,9463,9468,9535,9539,9575,9578,9586,9589,9653,9657,9689,9695,9697,9757,9764,9767,9845,9849,9882,9886,9889,9933,9937,9973,9976,9993,9996,9999,10052,10055,10066,10073,10082,10085,10143,10147,10188,10196,10204,10210,10218,10230,10235,10246,10319,10322,10334,10350,10354,10359,10363,10365,10408,10414,10417,10480,10484,10487,10496,10501,10538,10542,10545,10553,10556,10595,10599,10602,10653,10657,10678,10685,10687,10693,10720,10723,10778,10781,10792,10794,10801,10809,10815,10820,10827,10830,10837,10844,10846,10873],[10,8721,13,8723,18],{"id":8722},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,8724,8725],{},"dict()",[20,8727,8728,8729,8731],{},"The built-in ",[15,8730,8725],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,8733,8734,8735,8738],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[221,8736,8737],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,8740,8741,8743],{},[15,8742,8725],{}," is commonly used to:",[30,8745,8746,8749,8752],{},[33,8747,8748],{},"create an empty dictionary",[33,8750,8751],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[33,8753,8754],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8756,8757,8758,148],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[285,8759,8761],{"href":8760},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[55,8763,8765],{"className":57,"code":8764,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,8766,8767,8802,8813,8817,8856],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,8768,8769,8772,8774,8777,8779,8782,8784,8786,8788,8790,8792,8795,8797,8800],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8770,8771],{"class":70},"data ",[64,8773,75],{"class":74},[64,8775,8776],{"class":357}," dict",[64,8778,112],{"class":78},[64,8780,7267],{"class":8781},"s99_P",[64,8783,75],{"class":74},[64,8785,333],{"class":320},[64,8787,1514],{"class":329},[64,8789,333],{"class":320},[64,8791,86],{"class":78},[64,8793,8794],{"class":8781}," age",[64,8796,75],{"class":74},[64,8798,8799],{"class":82},"25",[64,8801,119],{"class":78},[64,8803,8804,8806,8808,8811],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,8805,125],{"class":108},[64,8807,112],{"class":78},[64,8809,8810],{"class":115},"data",[64,8812,119],{"class":78},[64,8814,8815],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,8816,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,8818,8819,8822,8824,8827,8829,8831,8833,8835,8837,8840,8843,8845,8847,8849,8851,8853],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,8820,8821],{"class":70},"pairs ",[64,8823,75],{"class":74},[64,8825,8826],{"class":78}," [(",[64,8828,333],{"class":320},[64,8830,285],{"class":329},[64,8832,333],{"class":320},[64,8834,86],{"class":78},[64,8836,5091],{"class":82},[64,8838,8839],{"class":78},"),",[64,8841,8842],{"class":78}," (",[64,8844,333],{"class":320},[64,8846,1269],{"class":329},[64,8848,333],{"class":320},[64,8850,86],{"class":78},[64,8852,89],{"class":82},[64,8854,8855],{"class":78},")]\n",[64,8857,8858,8860,8862,8864,8866,8869],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,8859,125],{"class":108},[64,8861,112],{"class":78},[64,8863,8426],{"class":357},[64,8865,112],{"class":78},[64,8867,8868],{"class":115},"pairs",[64,8870,471],{"class":78},[20,8872,8873],{},[221,8874,384],{},[55,8876,8878],{"className":57,"code":8877,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,8879,8880,8916],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,8881,8882,8885,8887,8889,8891,8893,8895,8897,8899,8901,8903,8906,8908,8910,8913],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,8883,8884],{"class":78},"{",[64,8886,333],{"class":320},[64,8888,7267],{"class":329},[64,8890,333],{"class":320},[64,8892,160],{"class":78},[64,8894,326],{"class":320},[64,8896,1514],{"class":329},[64,8898,333],{"class":320},[64,8900,86],{"class":78},[64,8902,326],{"class":320},[64,8904,8905],{"class":329},"age",[64,8907,333],{"class":320},[64,8909,160],{"class":78},[64,8911,8912],{"class":82}," 25",[64,8914,8915],{"class":78},"}\n",[64,8917,8918,8920,8922,8924,8926,8928,8930,8932,8934,8936,8938,8940,8942],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,8919,8884],{"class":78},[64,8921,333],{"class":320},[64,8923,285],{"class":329},[64,8925,333],{"class":320},[64,8927,160],{"class":78},[64,8929,5091],{"class":82},[64,8931,86],{"class":78},[64,8933,326],{"class":320},[64,8935,1269],{"class":329},[64,8937,333],{"class":320},[64,8939,160],{"class":78},[64,8941,89],{"class":82},[64,8943,8915],{"class":78},[20,8945,1923,8946,8948],{},[15,8947,8725],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[50,8950,152,8952,155],{"id":8951},"what-dict-does",[15,8953,8725],{},[20,8955,8956,8958],{},[15,8957,8725],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,8960,8961],{},"A dictionary:",[30,8963,8964,8967,8970],{},[33,8965,8966],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[33,8968,8969],{},"lets you look up values by key",[33,8971,8972],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,8974,8975,8977],{},[15,8976,8725],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,8979,8980],{},"Common uses include:",[30,8982,8983,8986,8989],{},[33,8984,8985],{},"making an empty dictionary",[33,8987,8988],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[33,8990,8991],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8993,8994,8995,148],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[285,8996,8998],{"href":8997},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[50,9000,1988],{"id":1987},[20,9002,9003,9005],{},[15,9004,8725],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[428,9007,9009],{"id":9008},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[55,9011,9013],{"className":57,"code":9012,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9014,9015,9025],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,9016,9017,9019,9021,9023],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9018,8771],{"class":70},[64,9020,75],{"class":74},[64,9022,8776],{"class":357},[64,9024,8247],{"class":78},[64,9026,9027,9029,9031,9033],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,9028,125],{"class":108},[64,9030,112],{"class":78},[64,9032,8810],{"class":115},[64,9034,119],{"class":78},[20,9036,9037],{},[221,9038,384],{},[55,9040,9042],{"className":57,"code":9041,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{}\n",[15,9043,9044],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,9045,9046],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9047,9041],{"class":78},[428,9049,9051],{"id":9050},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[55,9053,9055],{"className":57,"code":9054,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9056,9057,9091,9105],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,9058,9059,9061,9063,9065,9067,9069,9071,9073,9075,9077,9079,9081,9083,9085,9087,9089],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9060,8821],{"class":70},[64,9062,75],{"class":74},[64,9064,8826],{"class":78},[64,9066,333],{"class":320},[64,9068,285],{"class":329},[64,9070,333],{"class":320},[64,9072,86],{"class":78},[64,9074,5091],{"class":82},[64,9076,8839],{"class":78},[64,9078,8842],{"class":78},[64,9080,333],{"class":320},[64,9082,1269],{"class":329},[64,9084,333],{"class":320},[64,9086,86],{"class":78},[64,9088,89],{"class":82},[64,9090,8855],{"class":78},[64,9092,9093,9095,9097,9099,9101,9103],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,9094,8771],{"class":70},[64,9096,75],{"class":74},[64,9098,8776],{"class":357},[64,9100,112],{"class":78},[64,9102,8868],{"class":115},[64,9104,119],{"class":78},[64,9106,9107,9109,9111,9113],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,9108,125],{"class":108},[64,9110,112],{"class":78},[64,9112,8810],{"class":115},[64,9114,119],{"class":78},[20,9116,9117],{},[221,9118,384],{},[55,9120,9122],{"className":57,"code":9121,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9123,9124],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,9125,9126,9128,9130,9132,9134,9136,9138,9140,9142,9144,9146,9148,9150],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9127,8884],{"class":78},[64,9129,333],{"class":320},[64,9131,285],{"class":329},[64,9133,333],{"class":320},[64,9135,160],{"class":78},[64,9137,5091],{"class":82},[64,9139,86],{"class":78},[64,9141,326],{"class":320},[64,9143,1269],{"class":329},[64,9145,333],{"class":320},[64,9147,160],{"class":78},[64,9149,89],{"class":82},[64,9151,8915],{"class":78},[428,9153,9155],{"id":9154},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[55,9157,9159],{"className":57,"code":9158,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9160,9161,9191],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,9162,9163,9165,9167,9169,9171,9173,9175,9177,9179,9181,9183,9185,9187,9189],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9164,8771],{"class":70},[64,9166,75],{"class":74},[64,9168,8776],{"class":357},[64,9170,112],{"class":78},[64,9172,7267],{"class":8781},[64,9174,75],{"class":74},[64,9176,333],{"class":320},[64,9178,1514],{"class":329},[64,9180,333],{"class":320},[64,9182,86],{"class":78},[64,9184,8794],{"class":8781},[64,9186,75],{"class":74},[64,9188,8799],{"class":82},[64,9190,119],{"class":78},[64,9192,9193,9195,9197,9199],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,9194,125],{"class":108},[64,9196,112],{"class":78},[64,9198,8810],{"class":115},[64,9200,119],{"class":78},[20,9202,9203],{},[221,9204,384],{},[55,9206,9208],{"className":57,"code":9207,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9209,9210],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,9211,9212,9214,9216,9218,9220,9222,9224,9226,9228,9230,9232,9234,9236,9238,9240],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9213,8884],{"class":78},[64,9215,333],{"class":320},[64,9217,7267],{"class":329},[64,9219,333],{"class":320},[64,9221,160],{"class":78},[64,9223,326],{"class":320},[64,9225,1514],{"class":329},[64,9227,333],{"class":320},[64,9229,86],{"class":78},[64,9231,326],{"class":320},[64,9233,8905],{"class":329},[64,9235,333],{"class":320},[64,9237,160],{"class":78},[64,9239,8912],{"class":82},[64,9241,8915],{"class":78},[428,9243,9245],{"id":9244},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9247,9248],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[55,9250,9252],{"className":57,"code":9251,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9253,9254,9295],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,9255,9256,9258,9260,9262,9265,9267,9269,9271,9273,9275,9278,9280,9282,9284,9286,9289,9291,9293],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9257,8771],{"class":70},[64,9259,75],{"class":74},[64,9261,8776],{"class":357},[64,9263,9264],{"class":78},"([(",[64,9266,333],{"class":320},[64,9268,285],{"class":329},[64,9270,333],{"class":320},[64,9272,86],{"class":78},[64,9274,5091],{"class":82},[64,9276,9277],{"class":78},")],",[64,9279,2389],{"class":8781},[64,9281,75],{"class":74},[64,9283,815],{"class":82},[64,9285,86],{"class":78},[64,9287,9288],{"class":8781}," c",[64,9290,75],{"class":74},[64,9292,1892],{"class":82},[64,9294,119],{"class":78},[64,9296,9297,9299,9301,9303],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,9298,125],{"class":108},[64,9300,112],{"class":78},[64,9302,8810],{"class":115},[64,9304,119],{"class":78},[20,9306,9307],{},[221,9308,384],{},[55,9310,9312],{"className":57,"code":9311,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9313,9314],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,9315,9316,9318,9320,9322,9324,9326,9328,9330,9332,9334,9336,9338,9340,9342,9344,9347,9349,9351,9353],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9317,8884],{"class":78},[64,9319,333],{"class":320},[64,9321,285],{"class":329},[64,9323,333],{"class":320},[64,9325,160],{"class":78},[64,9327,5091],{"class":82},[64,9329,86],{"class":78},[64,9331,326],{"class":320},[64,9333,1269],{"class":329},[64,9335,333],{"class":320},[64,9337,160],{"class":78},[64,9339,89],{"class":82},[64,9341,86],{"class":78},[64,9343,326],{"class":320},[64,9345,9346],{"class":329},"c",[64,9348,333],{"class":320},[64,9350,160],{"class":78},[64,9352,94],{"class":82},[64,9354,8915],{"class":78},[50,9356,9009],{"id":9357},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9359,1923,9360,9362],{},[15,9361,8725],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[55,9364,9366],{"className":57,"code":9365,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9367,9368,9378,9392],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,9369,9370,9372,9374,9376],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9371,8771],{"class":70},[64,9373,75],{"class":74},[64,9375,8776],{"class":357},[64,9377,8247],{"class":78},[64,9379,9380,9382,9384,9386,9388,9390],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,9381,125],{"class":108},[64,9383,112],{"class":78},[64,9385,3052],{"class":357},[64,9387,112],{"class":78},[64,9389,8810],{"class":115},[64,9391,471],{"class":78},[64,9393,9394,9396,9398,9400],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,9395,125],{"class":108},[64,9397,112],{"class":78},[64,9399,8810],{"class":115},[64,9401,119],{"class":78},[20,9403,9404],{},[221,9405,384],{},[55,9407,9409],{"className":57,"code":9408,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9410,9411,9425],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,9412,9413,9415,9417,9419,9421,9423],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9414,3121],{"class":74},[64,9416,3124],{"class":1895},[64,9418,326],{"class":320},[64,9420,8426],{"class":329},[64,9422,333],{"class":320},[64,9424,3133],{"class":74},[64,9426,9427],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,9428,9041],{"class":78},[20,9430,9431],{},"This gives the same result as:",[55,9433,9435],{"className":57,"code":9434,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {}\n",[15,9436,9437],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,9438,9439,9441,9443],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9440,8771],{"class":70},[64,9442,75],{"class":74},[64,9444,9445],{"class":78}," {}\n",[20,9447,9448,9449,9451,9452,9455,9456,9458],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9450,272],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9453,9454],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9457,8725],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[50,9460,9462],{"id":9461},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9464,9465,9466,148],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9467,8725],{},[55,9469,9471],{"className":57,"code":9470,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9472,9473,9511,9525],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,9474,9475,9477,9479,9481,9483,9485,9487,9489,9491,9493,9495,9497,9499,9501,9503,9505,9507,9509],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9476,8821],{"class":70},[64,9478,75],{"class":74},[64,9480,8826],{"class":78},[64,9482,333],{"class":320},[64,9484,7267],{"class":329},[64,9486,333],{"class":320},[64,9488,86],{"class":78},[64,9490,326],{"class":320},[64,9492,1514],{"class":329},[64,9494,333],{"class":320},[64,9496,8839],{"class":78},[64,9498,8842],{"class":78},[64,9500,333],{"class":320},[64,9502,8905],{"class":329},[64,9504,333],{"class":320},[64,9506,86],{"class":78},[64,9508,8912],{"class":82},[64,9510,8855],{"class":78},[64,9512,9513,9515,9517,9519,9521,9523],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,9514,8771],{"class":70},[64,9516,75],{"class":74},[64,9518,8776],{"class":357},[64,9520,112],{"class":78},[64,9522,8868],{"class":115},[64,9524,119],{"class":78},[64,9526,9527,9529,9531,9533],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,9528,125],{"class":108},[64,9530,112],{"class":78},[64,9532,8810],{"class":115},[64,9534,119],{"class":78},[20,9536,9537],{},[221,9538,384],{},[55,9540,9541],{"className":57,"code":9207,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,9542,9543],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,9544,9545,9547,9549,9551,9553,9555,9557,9559,9561,9563,9565,9567,9569,9571,9573],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9546,8884],{"class":78},[64,9548,333],{"class":320},[64,9550,7267],{"class":329},[64,9552,333],{"class":320},[64,9554,160],{"class":78},[64,9556,326],{"class":320},[64,9558,1514],{"class":329},[64,9560,333],{"class":320},[64,9562,86],{"class":78},[64,9564,326],{"class":320},[64,9566,8905],{"class":329},[64,9568,333],{"class":320},[64,9570,160],{"class":78},[64,9572,8912],{"class":82},[64,9574,8915],{"class":78},[20,9576,9577],{},"Each pair becomes:",[30,9579,9580,9583],{},[33,9581,9582],{},"the first item as the key",[33,9584,9585],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9587,9588],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[55,9590,9592],{"className":57,"code":9591,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9593,9594,9629,9643],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,9595,9596,9598,9600,9603,9605,9607,9609,9611,9613,9615,9617,9619,9621,9623,9625,9627],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9597,8821],{"class":70},[64,9599,75],{"class":74},[64,9601,9602],{"class":78}," ((",[64,9604,333],{"class":320},[64,9606,285],{"class":329},[64,9608,333],{"class":320},[64,9610,86],{"class":78},[64,9612,5091],{"class":82},[64,9614,8839],{"class":78},[64,9616,8842],{"class":78},[64,9618,333],{"class":320},[64,9620,1269],{"class":329},[64,9622,333],{"class":320},[64,9624,86],{"class":78},[64,9626,89],{"class":82},[64,9628,471],{"class":78},[64,9630,9631,9633,9635,9637,9639,9641],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,9632,8771],{"class":70},[64,9634,75],{"class":74},[64,9636,8776],{"class":357},[64,9638,112],{"class":78},[64,9640,8868],{"class":115},[64,9642,119],{"class":78},[64,9644,9645,9647,9649,9651],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,9646,125],{"class":108},[64,9648,112],{"class":78},[64,9650,8810],{"class":115},[64,9652,119],{"class":78},[20,9654,9655],{},[221,9656,384],{},[55,9658,9659],{"className":57,"code":9121,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,9660,9661],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,9662,9663,9665,9667,9669,9671,9673,9675,9677,9679,9681,9683,9685,9687],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9664,8884],{"class":78},[64,9666,333],{"class":320},[64,9668,285],{"class":329},[64,9670,333],{"class":320},[64,9672,160],{"class":78},[64,9674,5091],{"class":82},[64,9676,86],{"class":78},[64,9678,326],{"class":320},[64,9680,1269],{"class":329},[64,9682,333],{"class":320},[64,9684,160],{"class":78},[64,9686,89],{"class":82},[64,9688,8915],{"class":78},[20,9690,9691,9692,148],{},"Each item must contain ",[221,9693,9694],{},"exactly two elements",[20,9696,2668],{},[55,9698,9700],{"className":57,"code":9699,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,9701,9702,9742],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,9703,9704,9707,9709,9711,9713,9715,9717,9719,9721,9723,9726,9728,9730,9732,9734,9736,9738,9740],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9705,9706],{"class":70},"bad_data ",[64,9708,75],{"class":74},[64,9710,8826],{"class":78},[64,9712,333],{"class":320},[64,9714,285],{"class":329},[64,9716,333],{"class":320},[64,9718,86],{"class":78},[64,9720,5091],{"class":82},[64,9722,86],{"class":78},[64,9724,9725],{"class":82}," 100",[64,9727,8839],{"class":78},[64,9729,8842],{"class":78},[64,9731,333],{"class":320},[64,9733,1269],{"class":329},[64,9735,333],{"class":320},[64,9737,86],{"class":78},[64,9739,89],{"class":82},[64,9741,8855],{"class":78},[64,9743,9744,9746,9748,9750,9752,9755],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,9745,103],{"class":70},[64,9747,75],{"class":74},[64,9749,8776],{"class":357},[64,9751,112],{"class":78},[64,9753,9754],{"class":115},"bad_data",[64,9756,119],{"class":78},[20,9758,9759,9760,9763],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,9761,9762],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,9765,9766],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[55,9768,9770],{"className":57,"code":9769,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9771,9772,9821,9835],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,9773,9774,9776,9778,9780,9782,9784,9786,9788,9790,9792,9794,9796,9798,9800,9802,9805,9807,9809,9811,9813,9815,9817,9819],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9775,8821],{"class":70},[64,9777,75],{"class":74},[64,9779,8826],{"class":78},[64,9781,333],{"class":320},[64,9783,285],{"class":329},[64,9785,333],{"class":320},[64,9787,86],{"class":78},[64,9789,5091],{"class":82},[64,9791,8839],{"class":78},[64,9793,8842],{"class":78},[64,9795,333],{"class":320},[64,9797,285],{"class":329},[64,9799,333],{"class":320},[64,9801,86],{"class":78},[64,9803,9804],{"class":82}," 99",[64,9806,8839],{"class":78},[64,9808,8842],{"class":78},[64,9810,333],{"class":320},[64,9812,1269],{"class":329},[64,9814,333],{"class":320},[64,9816,86],{"class":78},[64,9818,89],{"class":82},[64,9820,8855],{"class":78},[64,9822,9823,9825,9827,9829,9831,9833],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,9824,8771],{"class":70},[64,9826,75],{"class":74},[64,9828,8776],{"class":357},[64,9830,112],{"class":78},[64,9832,8868],{"class":115},[64,9834,119],{"class":78},[64,9836,9837,9839,9841,9843],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,9838,125],{"class":108},[64,9840,112],{"class":78},[64,9842,8810],{"class":115},[64,9844,119],{"class":78},[20,9846,9847],{},[221,9848,384],{},[55,9850,9852],{"className":57,"code":9851,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9853,9854],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,9855,9856,9858,9860,9862,9864,9866,9868,9870,9872,9874,9876,9878,9880],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9857,8884],{"class":78},[64,9859,333],{"class":320},[64,9861,285],{"class":329},[64,9863,333],{"class":320},[64,9865,160],{"class":78},[64,9867,9804],{"class":82},[64,9869,86],{"class":78},[64,9871,326],{"class":320},[64,9873,1269],{"class":329},[64,9875,333],{"class":320},[64,9877,160],{"class":78},[64,9879,89],{"class":82},[64,9881,8915],{"class":78},[50,9883,9885],{"id":9884},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,9887,9888],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[55,9890,9891],{"className":57,"code":9158,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,9892,9893,9923],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,9894,9895,9897,9899,9901,9903,9905,9907,9909,9911,9913,9915,9917,9919,9921],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9896,8771],{"class":70},[64,9898,75],{"class":74},[64,9900,8776],{"class":357},[64,9902,112],{"class":78},[64,9904,7267],{"class":8781},[64,9906,75],{"class":74},[64,9908,333],{"class":320},[64,9910,1514],{"class":329},[64,9912,333],{"class":320},[64,9914,86],{"class":78},[64,9916,8794],{"class":8781},[64,9918,75],{"class":74},[64,9920,8799],{"class":82},[64,9922,119],{"class":78},[64,9924,9925,9927,9929,9931],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,9926,125],{"class":108},[64,9928,112],{"class":78},[64,9930,8810],{"class":115},[64,9932,119],{"class":78},[20,9934,9935],{},[221,9936,384],{},[55,9938,9939],{"className":57,"code":9207,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,9940,9941],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,9942,9943,9945,9947,9949,9951,9953,9955,9957,9959,9961,9963,9965,9967,9969,9971],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,9944,8884],{"class":78},[64,9946,333],{"class":320},[64,9948,7267],{"class":329},[64,9950,333],{"class":320},[64,9952,160],{"class":78},[64,9954,326],{"class":320},[64,9956,1514],{"class":329},[64,9958,333],{"class":320},[64,9960,86],{"class":78},[64,9962,326],{"class":320},[64,9964,8905],{"class":329},[64,9966,333],{"class":320},[64,9968,160],{"class":78},[64,9970,8912],{"class":82},[64,9972,8915],{"class":78},[20,9974,9975],{},"In this form:",[30,9977,9978,9986],{},[33,9979,9980,9982,9983],{},[15,9981,7267],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,9984,9985],{},"'name'",[33,9987,9988,9982,9990],{},[15,9989,8905],{},[15,9991,9992],{},"'age'",[20,9994,9995],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,9997,9998],{},"Valid examples:",[55,10000,10002],{"className":57,"code":10001,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10003,10004,10042],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,10005,10006,10008,10010,10012,10014,10017,10019,10021,10024,10026,10028,10031,10033,10035,10038,10040],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10007,8771],{"class":70},[64,10009,75],{"class":74},[64,10011,8776],{"class":357},[64,10013,112],{"class":78},[64,10015,10016],{"class":8781},"city",[64,10018,75],{"class":74},[64,10020,333],{"class":320},[64,10022,10023],{"class":329},"Paris",[64,10025,333],{"class":320},[64,10027,86],{"class":78},[64,10029,10030],{"class":8781}," country",[64,10032,75],{"class":74},[64,10034,333],{"class":320},[64,10036,10037],{"class":329},"France",[64,10039,333],{"class":320},[64,10041,119],{"class":78},[64,10043,10044,10046,10048,10050],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,10045,125],{"class":108},[64,10047,112],{"class":78},[64,10049,8810],{"class":115},[64,10051,119],{"class":78},[20,10053,10054],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[30,10056,10057,10060,10063],{},[33,10058,10059],{},"spaces",[33,10061,10062],{},"hyphens",[33,10064,10065],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10067,10068,10069,10072],{},"For example, this is ",[221,10070,10071],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[55,10074,10076],{"className":57,"code":10075,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10077,10078],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,10079,10080],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10081,10075],{"class":136},[20,10083,10084],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[55,10086,10088],{"className":57,"code":10087,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10089,10090,10133],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,10091,10092,10094,10096,10099,10101,10104,10106,10108,10110,10112,10114,10116,10118,10121,10123,10125,10127,10129,10131],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10093,8771],{"class":70},[64,10095,75],{"class":74},[64,10097,10098],{"class":78}," {",[64,10100,333],{"class":320},[64,10102,10103],{"class":329},"first-name",[64,10105,333],{"class":320},[64,10107,160],{"class":78},[64,10109,326],{"class":320},[64,10111,7276],{"class":329},[64,10113,333],{"class":320},[64,10115,86],{"class":78},[64,10117,326],{"class":320},[64,10119,10120],{"class":329},"first name",[64,10122,333],{"class":320},[64,10124,160],{"class":78},[64,10126,326],{"class":320},[64,10128,7276],{"class":329},[64,10130,333],{"class":320},[64,10132,8915],{"class":78},[64,10134,10135,10137,10139,10141],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,10136,125],{"class":108},[64,10138,112],{"class":78},[64,10140,8810],{"class":115},[64,10142,119],{"class":78},[20,10144,10145],{},[221,10146,384],{},[55,10148,10150],{"className":57,"code":10149,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10151,10152],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,10153,10154,10156,10158,10160,10162,10164,10166,10168,10170,10172,10174,10176,10178,10180,10182,10184,10186],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10155,8884],{"class":78},[64,10157,333],{"class":320},[64,10159,10103],{"class":329},[64,10161,333],{"class":320},[64,10163,160],{"class":78},[64,10165,326],{"class":320},[64,10167,7276],{"class":329},[64,10169,333],{"class":320},[64,10171,86],{"class":78},[64,10173,326],{"class":320},[64,10175,10120],{"class":329},[64,10177,333],{"class":320},[64,10179,160],{"class":78},[64,10181,326],{"class":320},[64,10183,7276],{"class":329},[64,10185,333],{"class":320},[64,10187,8915],{"class":78},[50,10189,10191,10193,10194],{"id":10190},"dict-vs",[15,10192,8725],{}," vs ",[15,10195,272],{},[20,10197,10198,10199,896,10201,10203],{},"Both ",[15,10200,8725],{},[15,10202,272],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[428,10205,1923,10207,10209],{"id":10206},"use-when",[15,10208,272],{}," when:",[30,10211,10212,10215],{},[33,10213,10214],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[33,10216,10217],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[55,10219,10220],{"className":57,"code":9434,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,10221,10222],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,10223,10224,10226,10228],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10225,8771],{"class":70},[64,10227,75],{"class":74},[64,10229,9445],{"class":78},[428,10231,1923,10233,10209],{"id":10232},"use-dict-when",[15,10234,8725],{},[30,10236,10237,10240,10243],{},[33,10238,10239],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[33,10241,10242],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[33,10244,10245],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[55,10247,10249],{"className":57,"code":10248,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10250,10251,10288],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,10252,10253,10255,10257,10259,10261,10263,10265,10267,10269,10271,10273,10275,10277,10279,10281,10283,10285],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10254,8771],{"class":70},[64,10256,75],{"class":74},[64,10258,8776],{"class":357},[64,10260,9264],{"class":78},[64,10262,333],{"class":320},[64,10264,285],{"class":329},[64,10266,333],{"class":320},[64,10268,86],{"class":78},[64,10270,5091],{"class":82},[64,10272,8839],{"class":78},[64,10274,8842],{"class":78},[64,10276,333],{"class":320},[64,10278,1269],{"class":329},[64,10280,333],{"class":320},[64,10282,86],{"class":78},[64,10284,89],{"class":82},[64,10286,10287],{"class":78},")])\n",[64,10289,10290,10293,10295,10297,10299,10301,10303,10305,10307,10309,10311,10313,10315,10317],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,10291,10292],{"class":70},"info ",[64,10294,75],{"class":74},[64,10296,8776],{"class":357},[64,10298,112],{"class":78},[64,10300,7267],{"class":8781},[64,10302,75],{"class":74},[64,10304,333],{"class":320},[64,10306,1514],{"class":329},[64,10308,333],{"class":320},[64,10310,86],{"class":78},[64,10312,8794],{"class":8781},[64,10314,75],{"class":74},[64,10316,8799],{"class":82},[64,10318,119],{"class":78},[20,10320,10321],{},"So:",[30,10323,10324,10329],{},[33,10325,10326,10328],{},[15,10327,272],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[33,10330,10331,10333],{},[15,10332,8725],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10335,10336,10337,10341,10342,148],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[285,10338,10340],{"href":10339},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[285,10343,10345,10346,10349],{"href":10344},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10347,10348],{},"get()"," method",[50,10351,10353],{"id":10352},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10355,10356,10357,148],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10358,8725],{},[428,10360,10362],{"id":10361},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10364,1030],{},[55,10366,10368],{"className":57,"code":10367,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10369,10370,10394],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,10371,10372,10374,10376,10378,10380,10382,10384,10386,10388,10390,10392],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10373,7379],{"class":70},[64,10375,75],{"class":74},[64,10377,79],{"class":78},[64,10379,333],{"class":320},[64,10381,285],{"class":329},[64,10383,333],{"class":320},[64,10385,86],{"class":78},[64,10387,326],{"class":320},[64,10389,1269],{"class":329},[64,10391,333],{"class":320},[64,10393,97],{"class":78},[64,10395,10396,10398,10400,10402,10404,10406],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,10397,8771],{"class":70},[64,10399,75],{"class":74},[64,10401,8776],{"class":357},[64,10403,112],{"class":78},[64,10405,7410],{"class":115},[64,10407,119],{"class":78},[20,10409,10410,10411,148],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10412,10413],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10415,10416],{},"Correct version:",[55,10418,10420],{"className":57,"code":10419,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10421,10422,10456,10470],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,10423,10424,10426,10428,10430,10432,10434,10436,10438,10440,10442,10444,10446,10448,10450,10452,10454],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10425,7379],{"class":70},[64,10427,75],{"class":74},[64,10429,8826],{"class":78},[64,10431,333],{"class":320},[64,10433,285],{"class":329},[64,10435,333],{"class":320},[64,10437,86],{"class":78},[64,10439,5091],{"class":82},[64,10441,8839],{"class":78},[64,10443,8842],{"class":78},[64,10445,333],{"class":320},[64,10447,1269],{"class":329},[64,10449,333],{"class":320},[64,10451,86],{"class":78},[64,10453,89],{"class":82},[64,10455,8855],{"class":78},[64,10457,10458,10460,10462,10464,10466,10468],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,10459,8771],{"class":70},[64,10461,75],{"class":74},[64,10463,8776],{"class":357},[64,10465,112],{"class":78},[64,10467,7410],{"class":115},[64,10469,119],{"class":78},[64,10471,10472,10474,10476,10478],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,10473,125],{"class":108},[64,10475,112],{"class":78},[64,10477,8810],{"class":115},[64,10479,119],{"class":78},[428,10481,10483],{"id":10482},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10485,10486],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[55,10488,10490],{"className":57,"code":10489,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10491,10492],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,10493,10494],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10495,10489],{"class":136},[20,10497,10498,10499,160],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10500,75],{},[55,10502,10504],{"className":57,"code":10503,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10505,10506,10528],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,10507,10508,10510,10512,10514,10516,10518,10520,10522,10524,10526],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10509,8771],{"class":70},[64,10511,75],{"class":74},[64,10513,8776],{"class":357},[64,10515,112],{"class":78},[64,10517,7267],{"class":8781},[64,10519,75],{"class":74},[64,10521,333],{"class":320},[64,10523,1514],{"class":329},[64,10525,333],{"class":320},[64,10527,119],{"class":78},[64,10529,10530,10532,10534,10536],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,10531,125],{"class":108},[64,10533,112],{"class":78},[64,10535,8810],{"class":115},[64,10537,119],{"class":78},[428,10539,10541],{"id":10540},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10543,10544],{},"This will not work:",[55,10546,10547],{"className":57,"code":10075,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,10548,10549],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,10550,10551],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10552,10075],{"class":136},[20,10554,10555],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[55,10557,10559],{"className":57,"code":10558,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10560,10561,10585],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,10562,10563,10565,10567,10569,10571,10573,10575,10577,10579,10581,10583],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10564,8771],{"class":70},[64,10566,75],{"class":74},[64,10568,10098],{"class":78},[64,10570,333],{"class":320},[64,10572,10103],{"class":329},[64,10574,333],{"class":320},[64,10576,160],{"class":78},[64,10578,326],{"class":320},[64,10580,7276],{"class":329},[64,10582,333],{"class":320},[64,10584,8915],{"class":78},[64,10586,10587,10589,10591,10593],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,10588,125],{"class":108},[64,10590,112],{"class":78},[64,10592,8810],{"class":115},[64,10594,119],{"class":78},[428,10596,10598],{"id":10597},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10600,10601],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[55,10603,10605],{"className":57,"code":10604,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10606,10607,10643],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,10608,10609,10611,10613,10615,10617,10619,10621,10623,10625,10627,10629,10631,10633,10635,10637,10639,10641],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10610,8771],{"class":70},[64,10612,75],{"class":74},[64,10614,8776],{"class":357},[64,10616,9264],{"class":78},[64,10618,333],{"class":320},[64,10620,363],{"class":329},[64,10622,333],{"class":320},[64,10624,86],{"class":78},[64,10626,5091],{"class":82},[64,10628,8839],{"class":78},[64,10630,8842],{"class":78},[64,10632,333],{"class":320},[64,10634,363],{"class":329},[64,10636,333],{"class":320},[64,10638,86],{"class":78},[64,10640,89],{"class":82},[64,10642,10287],{"class":78},[64,10644,10645,10647,10649,10651],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,10646,125],{"class":108},[64,10648,112],{"class":78},[64,10650,8810],{"class":115},[64,10652,119],{"class":78},[20,10654,10655],{},[221,10656,384],{},[55,10658,10660],{"className":57,"code":10659,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,10661,10662],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,10663,10664,10666,10668,10670,10672,10674,10676],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10665,8884],{"class":78},[64,10667,333],{"class":320},[64,10669,363],{"class":329},[64,10671,333],{"class":320},[64,10673,160],{"class":78},[64,10675,89],{"class":82},[64,10677,8915],{"class":78},[20,10679,10680,10681,148],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[285,10682,10684],{"href":10683},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[50,10686,2661],{"id":2660},[20,10688,10689,10690,10692],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,10691,8725],{}," include:",[30,10694,10695,10705,10711,10714],{},[33,10696,10697,10698,10701,10702],{},"passing a list like ",[15,10699,10700],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,10703,10704],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[33,10706,10707,10708],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,10709,10710],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[33,10712,10713],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[33,10715,10716,10717,10719],{},"confusing ",[15,10718,8725],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,10721,10722],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[55,10724,10726],{"className":57,"code":10725,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,10727,10728,10742,10752,10763],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,10729,10730,10732,10734,10736,10738,10740],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10731,125],{"class":108},[64,10733,112],{"class":78},[64,10735,3052],{"class":357},[64,10737,112],{"class":78},[64,10739,8810],{"class":115},[64,10741,471],{"class":78},[64,10743,10744,10746,10748,10750],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,10745,125],{"class":108},[64,10747,112],{"class":78},[64,10749,8810],{"class":115},[64,10751,119],{"class":78},[64,10753,10754,10756,10758,10761],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,10755,125],{"class":108},[64,10757,112],{"class":78},[64,10759,10760],{"class":115},"list_of_pairs",[64,10762,119],{"class":78},[64,10764,10765,10767,10769,10772,10774,10776],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,10766,125],{"class":108},[64,10768,112],{"class":78},[64,10770,10771],{"class":108},"len",[64,10773,112],{"class":78},[64,10775,10760],{"class":115},[64,10777,471],{"class":78},[20,10779,10780],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[30,10782,10783,10786,10789],{},[33,10784,10785],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[33,10787,10788],{},"what data is being passed in",[33,10790,10791],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[50,10793,1651],{"id":1650},[428,10795,1694,10797,896,10799,1677],{"id":10796},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,10798,8725],{},[15,10800,272],{},[20,10802,10803,10805,10806,10808],{},[15,10804,272],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,10807,8725],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[428,10810,1684,10812,10814],{"id":10811},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,10813,8725],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,10816,10817,10818,148],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,10819,10704],{},[428,10821,1671,10823,10826],{"id":10822},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,10824,10825],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,10828,10829],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[428,10831,10833,10834,10836],{"id":10832},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,10835,8725],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,10838,10839,10840,10843],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,10841,10842],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[50,10845,1717],{"id":1716},[30,10847,10848,10853,10857,10862,10868],{},[33,10849,10850],{},[285,10851,10852],{"href":8997},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[33,10854,10855],{},[285,10856,8761],{"href":8760},[33,10858,10859],{},[285,10860,10861],{"href":10339},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[33,10863,10864],{},[285,10865,10345,10866,10349],{"href":10344},[15,10867,10348],{},[33,10869,10870],{},[285,10871,10872],{"href":10683},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1751,10874,10875],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":10877},[10878,10880,10886,10887,10888,10889,10896,10902,10903,10913],{"id":8951,"depth":100,"text":10879},"What dict() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988,"children":10881},[10882,10883,10884,10885],{"id":9008,"depth":122,"text":9009},{"id":9050,"depth":122,"text":9051},{"id":9154,"depth":122,"text":9155},{"id":9244,"depth":122,"text":9245},{"id":9357,"depth":100,"text":9009},{"id":9461,"depth":100,"text":9462},{"id":9884,"depth":100,"text":9885},{"id":10190,"depth":100,"text":10890,"children":10891},"dict() vs {}",[10892,10894],{"id":10206,"depth":122,"text":10893},"Use {} when:",{"id":10232,"depth":122,"text":10895},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10352,"depth":100,"text":10353,"children":10897},[10898,10899,10900,10901],{"id":10361,"depth":122,"text":10362},{"id":10482,"depth":122,"text":10483},{"id":10540,"depth":122,"text":10541},{"id":10597,"depth":122,"text":10598},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":10904},[10905,10907,10909,10911],{"id":10796,"depth":122,"text":10906},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":10811,"depth":122,"text":10908},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":10822,"depth":122,"text":10910},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":10832,"depth":122,"text":10912},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8717,"description":10914},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":10921,"title":10922,"body":10923,"description":12435,"extension":1791,"meta":12436,"navigation":346,"path":12437,"seo":12438,"stem":12439,"__hash__":12440},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":10924,"toc":12404},[10925,10933,10939,10946,10948,11009,11014,11019,11024,11042,11045,11049,11051,11067,11070,11083,11087,11090,11224,11226,11293,11296,11312,11318,11324,11327,11409,11411,11425,11429,11435,11500,11502,11510,11513,11536,11542,11605,11611,11614,11628,11641,11645,11656,11661,11672,11679,11683,11689,11811,11813,11839,11842,11859,11862,11973,11975,12024,12026,12039,12048,12053,12058,12069,12071,12174,12197,12199,12203,12222,12225,12283,12286,12312,12314,12321,12324,12330,12334,12341,12349,12355,12358,12360,12401],[10,10926,10928,10929,10932],{"id":10927},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,10930,10931],{},"clear()"," Method",[20,10934,10935,10938],{},[15,10936,10937],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,10940,10941,10942,10945],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[221,10943,10944],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[50,10947,1833],{"id":1832},[55,10949,10951],{"className":57,"code":10950,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,10952,10953,10985,10996],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,10954,10955,10957,10959,10961,10963,10965,10967,10969,10971,10973,10975,10977,10979,10981,10983],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,10956,8771],{"class":70},[64,10958,75],{"class":74},[64,10960,10098],{"class":78},[64,10962,2686],{"class":320},[64,10964,285],{"class":329},[64,10966,2686],{"class":320},[64,10968,160],{"class":78},[64,10970,5091],{"class":82},[64,10972,86],{"class":78},[64,10974,3184],{"class":320},[64,10976,1269],{"class":329},[64,10978,2686],{"class":320},[64,10980,160],{"class":78},[64,10982,89],{"class":82},[64,10984,8915],{"class":78},[64,10986,10987,10989,10991,10994],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,10988,8810],{"class":70},[64,10990,148],{"class":78},[64,10992,10993],{"class":115},"clear",[64,10995,8247],{"class":78},[64,10997,10998,11000,11002,11004,11006],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,10999,125],{"class":108},[64,11001,112],{"class":78},[64,11003,8810],{"class":115},[64,11005,133],{"class":78},[64,11007,11008],{"class":136},"  # {}\n",[20,11010,11011,11013],{},[15,11012,10931],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[50,11015,152,11017,155],{"id":11016},"what-clear-does",[15,11018,10931],{},[20,11020,1808,11021,11023],{},[15,11022,10931],{}," method:",[30,11025,11026,11029,11032,11037],{},[33,11027,11028],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[33,11030,11031],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[33,11033,11034,11035],{},"Returns ",[15,11036,258],{},[33,11038,11039,11040],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11041,272],{},[20,11043,11044],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11046,8757,11047,148],{},[285,11048,8761],{"href":8760},[50,11050,1988],{"id":1987},[55,11052,11054],{"className":57,"code":11053,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11055,11056],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,11057,11058,11061,11063,11065],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,11059,11060],{"class":70},"my_dict",[64,11062,148],{"class":78},[64,11064,10993],{"class":115},[64,11066,8247],{"class":78},[20,11068,11069],{},"Important points:",[30,11071,11072,11077,11080],{},[33,11073,11074,11076],{},[15,11075,10931],{}," takes no arguments",[33,11078,11079],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[33,11081,11082],{},"It empties that dictionary",[50,11084,11086],{"id":11085},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11088,11089],{},"Here is a basic example:",[55,11091,11093],{"className":57,"code":11092,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11094,11095,11105,11126,11140,11157,11161,11165,11185,11189,11200,11204],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,11096,11097,11100,11102],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,11098,11099],{"class":70},"user ",[64,11101,75],{"class":74},[64,11103,11104],{"class":78}," {\n",[64,11106,11107,11110,11112,11114,11116,11118,11121,11123],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,11108,11109],{"class":320},"    \"",[64,11111,7267],{"class":329},[64,11113,2686],{"class":320},[64,11115,160],{"class":78},[64,11117,3184],{"class":320},[64,11119,11120],{"class":329},"Maya",[64,11122,2686],{"class":320},[64,11124,11125],{"class":78},",\n",[64,11127,11128,11130,11132,11134,11136,11138],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,11129,11109],{"class":320},[64,11131,8905],{"class":329},[64,11133,2686],{"class":320},[64,11135,160],{"class":78},[64,11137,8912],{"class":82},[64,11139,11125],{"class":78},[64,11141,11142,11144,11146,11148,11150,11152,11155],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,11143,11109],{"class":320},[64,11145,10016],{"class":329},[64,11147,2686],{"class":320},[64,11149,160],{"class":78},[64,11151,3184],{"class":320},[64,11153,11154],{"class":329},"Berlin",[64,11156,3190],{"class":320},[64,11158,11159],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,11160,8915],{"class":78},[64,11162,11163],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,11164,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,11166,11167,11169,11171,11173,11176,11178,11180,11183],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,11168,125],{"class":108},[64,11170,112],{"class":78},[64,11172,2686],{"class":320},[64,11174,11175],{"class":329},"Before:",[64,11177,2686],{"class":320},[64,11179,86],{"class":78},[64,11181,11182],{"class":115}," user",[64,11184,119],{"class":78},[64,11186,11187],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,11188,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,11190,11191,11194,11196,11198],{"class":66,"line":6028},[64,11192,11193],{"class":70},"user",[64,11195,148],{"class":78},[64,11197,10993],{"class":115},[64,11199,8247],{"class":78},[64,11201,11202],{"class":66,"line":6033},[64,11203,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,11205,11207,11209,11211,11213,11216,11218,11220,11222],{"class":66,"line":11206},11,[64,11208,125],{"class":108},[64,11210,112],{"class":78},[64,11212,2686],{"class":320},[64,11214,11215],{"class":329},"After:",[64,11217,2686],{"class":320},[64,11219,86],{"class":78},[64,11221,11182],{"class":115},[64,11223,119],{"class":78},[20,11225,5153],{},[55,11227,11229],{"className":57,"code":11228,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11230,11231,11284],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,11232,11233,11236,11238,11240,11242,11244,11246,11248,11250,11252,11254,11256,11258,11260,11262,11264,11266,11268,11270,11272,11274,11276,11278,11280,11282],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,11234,11235],{"class":70},"Before",[64,11237,160],{"class":78},[64,11239,10098],{"class":78},[64,11241,333],{"class":320},[64,11243,7267],{"class":329},[64,11245,333],{"class":320},[64,11247,160],{"class":78},[64,11249,326],{"class":320},[64,11251,11120],{"class":329},[64,11253,333],{"class":320},[64,11255,86],{"class":78},[64,11257,326],{"class":320},[64,11259,8905],{"class":329},[64,11261,333],{"class":320},[64,11263,160],{"class":78},[64,11265,8912],{"class":82},[64,11267,86],{"class":78},[64,11269,326],{"class":320},[64,11271,10016],{"class":329},[64,11273,333],{"class":320},[64,11275,160],{"class":78},[64,11277,326],{"class":320},[64,11279,11154],{"class":329},[64,11281,333],{"class":320},[64,11283,8915],{"class":78},[64,11285,11286,11289,11291],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,11287,11288],{"class":70},"After",[64,11290,160],{"class":78},[64,11292,9445],{"class":78},[20,11294,11295],{},"What happens here:",[30,11297,11298,11303,11309],{},[33,11299,11300,11302],{},[15,11301,11193],{}," starts with three items",[33,11304,11305,11308],{},[15,11306,11307],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[33,11310,11311],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[50,11313,152,11315,11317],{"id":11314},"what-clear-returns",[15,11316,10931],{}," returns",[20,11319,11320,44,11322,148],{},[15,11321,10931],{},[15,11323,258],{},[20,11325,11326],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[55,11328,11330],{"className":57,"code":11329,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11331,11332,11366,11370,11385,11389,11399],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,11333,11334,11337,11339,11341,11343,11345,11347,11349,11351,11353,11355,11358,11360,11362,11364],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,11335,11336],{"class":70},"my_dict ",[64,11338,75],{"class":74},[64,11340,10098],{"class":78},[64,11342,2686],{"class":320},[64,11344,363],{"class":329},[64,11346,2686],{"class":320},[64,11348,160],{"class":78},[64,11350,5091],{"class":82},[64,11352,86],{"class":78},[64,11354,3184],{"class":320},[64,11356,11357],{"class":329},"y",[64,11359,2686],{"class":320},[64,11361,160],{"class":78},[64,11363,89],{"class":82},[64,11365,8915],{"class":78},[64,11367,11368],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,11369,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,11371,11372,11374,11376,11379,11381,11383],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,11373,103],{"class":70},[64,11375,75],{"class":74},[64,11377,11378],{"class":70}," my_dict",[64,11380,148],{"class":78},[64,11382,10993],{"class":115},[64,11384,8247],{"class":78},[64,11386,11387],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,11388,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,11390,11391,11393,11395,11397],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,11392,125],{"class":108},[64,11394,112],{"class":78},[64,11396,130],{"class":115},[64,11398,119],{"class":78},[64,11400,11401,11403,11405,11407],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,11402,125],{"class":108},[64,11404,112],{"class":78},[64,11406,11060],{"class":115},[64,11408,119],{"class":78},[20,11410,384],{},[55,11412,11414],{"className":57,"code":11413,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"None\n{}\n",[15,11415,11416,11421],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,11417,11418],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,11419,11420],{"class":338},"None\n",[64,11422,11423],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,11424,9041],{"class":78},[428,11426,11428],{"id":11427},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11430,11431,11432,11434],{},"Do ",[221,11433,1138],{}," do this:",[55,11436,11438],{"className":57,"code":11437,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11439,11440,11472,11486,11490],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,11441,11442,11444,11446,11448,11450,11452,11454,11456,11458,11460,11462,11464,11466,11468,11470],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,11443,11336],{"class":70},[64,11445,75],{"class":74},[64,11447,10098],{"class":78},[64,11449,2686],{"class":320},[64,11451,363],{"class":329},[64,11453,2686],{"class":320},[64,11455,160],{"class":78},[64,11457,5091],{"class":82},[64,11459,86],{"class":78},[64,11461,3184],{"class":320},[64,11463,11357],{"class":329},[64,11465,2686],{"class":320},[64,11467,160],{"class":78},[64,11469,89],{"class":82},[64,11471,8915],{"class":78},[64,11473,11474,11476,11478,11480,11482,11484],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,11475,11336],{"class":70},[64,11477,75],{"class":74},[64,11479,11378],{"class":70},[64,11481,148],{"class":78},[64,11483,10993],{"class":115},[64,11485,8247],{"class":78},[64,11487,11488],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,11489,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,11491,11492,11494,11496,11498],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,11493,125],{"class":108},[64,11495,112],{"class":78},[64,11497,11060],{"class":115},[64,11499,119],{"class":78},[20,11501,384],{},[55,11503,11504],{"className":57,"code":11420,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,11505,11506],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,11507,11508],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,11509,11420],{"class":338},[20,11511,11512],{},"Why this happens:",[30,11514,11515,11521,11526],{},[33,11516,11517,11520],{},[15,11518,11519],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[33,11522,11523,11524],{},"The method returns ",[15,11525,258],{},[33,11527,11528,11529,11532,11533,11535],{},"Then ",[15,11530,11531],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11534,258],{}," in the variable",[20,11537,11538,11539,11541],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11540,10931],{}," by itself:",[55,11543,11545],{"className":57,"code":11544,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11546,11547,11579,11589,11593],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,11548,11549,11551,11553,11555,11557,11559,11561,11563,11565,11567,11569,11571,11573,11575,11577],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,11550,11336],{"class":70},[64,11552,75],{"class":74},[64,11554,10098],{"class":78},[64,11556,2686],{"class":320},[64,11558,363],{"class":329},[64,11560,2686],{"class":320},[64,11562,160],{"class":78},[64,11564,5091],{"class":82},[64,11566,86],{"class":78},[64,11568,3184],{"class":320},[64,11570,11357],{"class":329},[64,11572,2686],{"class":320},[64,11574,160],{"class":78},[64,11576,89],{"class":82},[64,11578,8915],{"class":78},[64,11580,11581,11583,11585,11587],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,11582,11060],{"class":70},[64,11584,148],{"class":78},[64,11586,10993],{"class":115},[64,11588,8247],{"class":78},[64,11590,11591],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,11592,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,11594,11595,11597,11599,11601,11603],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,11596,125],{"class":108},[64,11598,112],{"class":78},[64,11600,11060],{"class":115},[64,11602,133],{"class":78},[64,11604,11008],{"class":136},[50,11606,11608,11610],{"id":11607},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11609,10931],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,11612,11613],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[55,11615,11616],{"className":57,"code":11053,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,11617,11618],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,11619,11620,11622,11624,11626],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,11621,11060],{"class":70},[64,11623,148],{"class":78},[64,11625,10993],{"class":115},[64,11627,8247],{"class":78},[55,11629,11631],{"className":57,"code":11630,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,11632,11633],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,11634,11635,11637,11639],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,11636,11336],{"class":70},[64,11638,75],{"class":74},[64,11640,9445],{"class":78},[428,11642,11643],{"id":10993},[15,11644,10931],{},[30,11646,11647,11650,11653],{},[33,11648,11649],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[33,11651,11652],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[33,11654,11655],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[428,11657,11658],{"id":11060},[15,11659,11660],{},"my_dict = {}",[30,11662,11663,11666,11669],{},[33,11664,11665],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[33,11667,11668],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[33,11670,11671],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,11673,11674,11675,148],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[285,11676,11678],{"href":11677},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[50,11680,11682],{"id":11681},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,11684,11685,11686,11688],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,11687,10931],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[55,11690,11692],{"className":57,"code":11691,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11693,11694,11727,11737,11741,11752,11756,11776,11796],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,11695,11696,11699,11701,11703,11705,11707,11709,11711,11713,11715,11717,11719,11721,11723,11725],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,11697,11698],{"class":70},"original ",[64,11700,75],{"class":74},[64,11702,10098],{"class":78},[64,11704,2686],{"class":320},[64,11706,285],{"class":329},[64,11708,2686],{"class":320},[64,11710,160],{"class":78},[64,11712,5091],{"class":82},[64,11714,86],{"class":78},[64,11716,3184],{"class":320},[64,11718,1269],{"class":329},[64,11720,2686],{"class":320},[64,11722,160],{"class":78},[64,11724,89],{"class":82},[64,11726,8915],{"class":78},[64,11728,11729,11732,11734],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,11730,11731],{"class":70},"other_ref ",[64,11733,75],{"class":74},[64,11735,11736],{"class":70}," original\n",[64,11738,11739],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,11740,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,11742,11743,11746,11748,11750],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,11744,11745],{"class":70},"original",[64,11747,148],{"class":78},[64,11749,10993],{"class":115},[64,11751,8247],{"class":78},[64,11753,11754],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,11755,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,11757,11758,11760,11762,11764,11767,11769,11771,11774],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,11759,125],{"class":108},[64,11761,112],{"class":78},[64,11763,2686],{"class":320},[64,11765,11766],{"class":329},"original:",[64,11768,2686],{"class":320},[64,11770,86],{"class":78},[64,11772,11773],{"class":115}," original",[64,11775,119],{"class":78},[64,11777,11778,11780,11782,11784,11787,11789,11791,11794],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,11779,125],{"class":108},[64,11781,112],{"class":78},[64,11783,2686],{"class":320},[64,11785,11786],{"class":329},"other_ref:",[64,11788,2686],{"class":320},[64,11790,86],{"class":78},[64,11792,11793],{"class":115}," other_ref",[64,11795,119],{"class":78},[64,11797,11798,11800,11802,11804,11807,11809],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,11799,125],{"class":108},[64,11801,112],{"class":78},[64,11803,11698],{"class":115},[64,11805,11806],{"class":368},"is",[64,11808,11793],{"class":115},[64,11810,119],{"class":78},[20,11812,384],{},[55,11814,11816],{"className":57,"code":11815,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,11817,11818,11826,11835],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,11819,11820,11822,11824],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,11821,11745],{"class":70},[64,11823,160],{"class":78},[64,11825,9445],{"class":78},[64,11827,11828,11831,11833],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,11829,11830],{"class":70},"other_ref",[64,11832,160],{"class":78},[64,11834,9445],{"class":78},[64,11836,11837],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,11838,476],{"class":338},[20,11840,11841],{},"This shows:",[30,11843,11844,11851,11856],{},[33,11845,11846,896,11848,11850],{},[15,11847,11745],{},[15,11849,11830],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[33,11852,11853,11855],{},[15,11854,10931],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[33,11857,11858],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,11860,11861],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[55,11863,11865],{"className":57,"code":11864,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11866,11867,11899,11907,11911,11919,11923,11941,11959],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,11868,11869,11871,11873,11875,11877,11879,11881,11883,11885,11887,11889,11891,11893,11895,11897],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,11870,11698],{"class":70},[64,11872,75],{"class":74},[64,11874,10098],{"class":78},[64,11876,2686],{"class":320},[64,11878,285],{"class":329},[64,11880,2686],{"class":320},[64,11882,160],{"class":78},[64,11884,5091],{"class":82},[64,11886,86],{"class":78},[64,11888,3184],{"class":320},[64,11890,1269],{"class":329},[64,11892,2686],{"class":320},[64,11894,160],{"class":78},[64,11896,89],{"class":82},[64,11898,8915],{"class":78},[64,11900,11901,11903,11905],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,11902,11731],{"class":70},[64,11904,75],{"class":74},[64,11906,11736],{"class":70},[64,11908,11909],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,11910,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,11912,11913,11915,11917],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,11914,11698],{"class":70},[64,11916,75],{"class":74},[64,11918,9445],{"class":78},[64,11920,11921],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,11922,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,11924,11925,11927,11929,11931,11933,11935,11937,11939],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,11926,125],{"class":108},[64,11928,112],{"class":78},[64,11930,2686],{"class":320},[64,11932,11766],{"class":329},[64,11934,2686],{"class":320},[64,11936,86],{"class":78},[64,11938,11773],{"class":115},[64,11940,119],{"class":78},[64,11942,11943,11945,11947,11949,11951,11953,11955,11957],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,11944,125],{"class":108},[64,11946,112],{"class":78},[64,11948,2686],{"class":320},[64,11950,11786],{"class":329},[64,11952,2686],{"class":320},[64,11954,86],{"class":78},[64,11956,11793],{"class":115},[64,11958,119],{"class":78},[64,11960,11961,11963,11965,11967,11969,11971],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,11962,125],{"class":108},[64,11964,112],{"class":78},[64,11966,11698],{"class":115},[64,11968,11806],{"class":368},[64,11970,11793],{"class":115},[64,11972,119],{"class":78},[20,11974,384],{},[55,11976,11978],{"className":57,"code":11977,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,11979,11980,11988,12020],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,11981,11982,11984,11986],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,11983,11745],{"class":70},[64,11985,160],{"class":78},[64,11987,9445],{"class":78},[64,11989,11990,11992,11994,11996,11998,12000,12002,12004,12006,12008,12010,12012,12014,12016,12018],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,11991,11830],{"class":70},[64,11993,160],{"class":78},[64,11995,10098],{"class":78},[64,11997,333],{"class":320},[64,11999,285],{"class":329},[64,12001,333],{"class":320},[64,12003,160],{"class":78},[64,12005,5091],{"class":82},[64,12007,86],{"class":78},[64,12009,326],{"class":320},[64,12011,1269],{"class":329},[64,12013,333],{"class":320},[64,12015,160],{"class":78},[64,12017,89],{"class":82},[64,12019,8915],{"class":78},[64,12021,12022],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,12023,537],{"class":338},[20,12025,2009],{},[30,12027,12028,12034],{},[33,12029,12030,12033],{},[15,12031,12032],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[33,12035,12036,12038],{},[15,12037,11830],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12040,12041,12042,148],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[285,12043,12045],{"href":12044},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12046,12047],{},"dict.copy()",[50,12049,1471,12051],{"id":12050},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12052,10931],{},[20,12054,12055,12057],{},[15,12056,10931],{}," is useful when you want to:",[30,12059,12060,12063,12066],{},[33,12061,12062],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[33,12064,12065],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[33,12067,12068],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12070,916],{},[55,12072,12074],{"className":57,"code":12073,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12075,12076,12085,12101,12121,12134,12138,12142,12147,12158,12162],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,12077,12078,12081,12083],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,12079,12080],{"class":70},"session_data ",[64,12082,75],{"class":74},[64,12084,11104],{"class":78},[64,12086,12087,12089,12092,12094,12096,12099],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,12088,11109],{"class":320},[64,12090,12091],{"class":329},"user_id",[64,12093,2686],{"class":320},[64,12095,160],{"class":78},[64,12097,12098],{"class":82}," 101",[64,12100,11125],{"class":78},[64,12102,12103,12105,12108,12110,12112,12114,12117,12119],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,12104,11109],{"class":320},[64,12106,12107],{"class":329},"theme",[64,12109,2686],{"class":320},[64,12111,160],{"class":78},[64,12113,3184],{"class":320},[64,12115,12116],{"class":329},"dark",[64,12118,2686],{"class":320},[64,12120,11125],{"class":78},[64,12122,12123,12125,12128,12130,12132],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,12124,11109],{"class":320},[64,12126,12127],{"class":329},"logged_in",[64,12129,2686],{"class":320},[64,12131,160],{"class":78},[64,12133,6019],{"class":338},[64,12135,12136],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,12137,8915],{"class":78},[64,12139,12140],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,12141,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,12143,12144],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,12145,12146],{"class":136},"# Reset for a new session\n",[64,12148,12149,12152,12154,12156],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,12150,12151],{"class":70},"session_data",[64,12153,148],{"class":78},[64,12155,10993],{"class":115},[64,12157,8247],{"class":78},[64,12159,12160],{"class":66,"line":6028},[64,12161,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,12163,12164,12166,12168,12170,12172],{"class":66,"line":6033},[64,12165,125],{"class":108},[64,12167,112],{"class":78},[64,12169,12151],{"class":115},[64,12171,133],{"class":78},[64,12173,11008],{"class":136},[20,12175,12176,12177,12183,12184,148,12188,12190,12191,148],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[285,12178,12180],{"href":12179},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12181,12182],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[285,12185,12187],{"href":12186},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9453,12189],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[285,12192,12194],{"href":12193},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12195,12196],{},"dict.popitem()",[50,12198,2661],{"id":2660},[20,12200,10356,12201,160],{},[15,12202,10931],{},[30,12204,12205,12211,12216,12219],{},[33,12206,12207,12208,12210],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12209,10931],{}," to a variable",[33,12212,8056,12213,12215],{},[15,12214,10931],{}," to return a new dictionary",[33,12217,12218],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[33,12220,12221],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12223,12224],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[55,12226,12228],{"className":57,"code":12227,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12229,12230,12240,12254,12269],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,12231,12232,12234,12236,12238],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,12233,125],{"class":108},[64,12235,112],{"class":78},[64,12237,11060],{"class":115},[64,12239,119],{"class":78},[64,12241,12242,12244,12246,12248,12250,12252],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,12243,125],{"class":108},[64,12245,112],{"class":78},[64,12247,3052],{"class":357},[64,12249,112],{"class":78},[64,12251,11060],{"class":115},[64,12253,471],{"class":78},[64,12255,12256,12258,12260,12263,12265,12267],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,12257,125],{"class":108},[64,12259,112],{"class":78},[64,12261,12262],{"class":108},"id",[64,12264,112],{"class":78},[64,12266,11060],{"class":115},[64,12268,471],{"class":78},[64,12270,12271,12273,12275,12277,12279,12281],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,12272,125],{"class":108},[64,12274,112],{"class":78},[64,12276,11731],{"class":115},[64,12278,11806],{"class":368},[64,12280,11378],{"class":115},[64,12282,119],{"class":78},[20,12284,12285],{},"What these show:",[30,12287,12288,12294,12300,12306],{},[33,12289,12290,12293],{},[15,12291,12292],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[33,12295,12296,12299],{},[15,12297,12298],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[33,12301,12302,12305],{},[15,12303,12304],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[33,12307,12308,12311],{},[15,12309,12310],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[50,12313,1651],{"id":1650},[428,12315,12317,12318,12320],{"id":12316},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[15,12319,10931],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12322,12323],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[428,12325,1655,12327,12329],{"id":12326},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12328,10937],{}," return?",[20,12331,1661,12332,148],{},[15,12333,258],{},[428,12335,1694,12337,896,12339,1677],{"id":12336},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12338,10931],{},[15,12340,272],{},[20,12342,12343,12345,12346,12348],{},[15,12344,10931],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12347,272],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[428,12350,12317,12352,12354],{"id":12351},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12353,10931],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12356,12357],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[50,12359,1717],{"id":1716},[30,12361,12362,12366,12370,12377,12384,12391,12396],{},[33,12363,12364],{},[285,12365,8761],{"href":8760},[33,12367,12368],{},[285,12369,10852],{"href":8997},[33,12371,12372],{},[285,12373,10345,12374,10349],{"href":12179},[15,12375,12376],{},"pop()",[33,12378,12379],{},[285,12380,10345,12381,10349],{"href":12193},[15,12382,12383],{},"popitem()",[33,12385,12386],{},[285,12387,10345,12388,10349],{"href":12044},[15,12389,12390],{},"copy()",[33,12392,12393],{},[285,12394,12395],{"href":11677},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[33,12397,12398],{},[285,12399,12400],{"href":12186},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1751,12402,12403],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":12405},[12406,12407,12409,12410,12411,12415,12420,12421,12423,12424,12434],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":11016,"depth":100,"text":12408},"What clear() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":11085,"depth":100,"text":11086},{"id":11314,"depth":100,"text":12412,"children":12413},"What clear() returns",[12414],{"id":11427,"depth":122,"text":11428},{"id":11607,"depth":100,"text":12416,"children":12417},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12418,12419],{"id":10993,"depth":122,"text":10931},{"id":11060,"depth":122,"text":11660},{"id":11681,"depth":100,"text":11682},{"id":12050,"depth":100,"text":12422},"When to use clear()",{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":12425},[12426,12428,12430,12432],{"id":12316,"depth":122,"text":12427},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12326,"depth":122,"text":12429},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12336,"depth":122,"text":12431},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12351,"depth":122,"text":12433},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":10922,"description":12435},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12442,"title":12443,"body":12444,"description":14613,"extension":1791,"meta":14614,"navigation":346,"path":14615,"seo":14616,"stem":14617,"__hash__":14618},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12445,"toc":14585},[12446,12451,12456,12466,12468,12557,12561,12602,12607,12614,12632,12641,12643,12664,12667,12679,12681,12760,12764,12805,12807,12810,12938,12942,13022,13025,13043,13046,13050,13056,13058,13069,13071,13266,13270,13376,13379,13397,13400,13407,13412,13416,13430,13432,13559,13563,13643,13656,13662,13665,13673,13677,13803,13807,13881,13886,14017,14021,14095,14098,14112,14116,14120,14134,14136,14272,14276,14345,14347,14352,14374,14377,14484,14487,14498,14505,14507,14513,14516,14523,14526,14533,14541,14545,14548,14550,14582],[10,12447,10928,12449,10932],{"id":12448},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12450,12390],{},[20,12452,12453,12455],{},[15,12454,12047],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12457,12458,12459,12461,12462,12465],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12460,12390],{}," makes a ",[221,12463,12464],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[50,12467,1833],{"id":1832},[55,12469,12471],{"className":57,"code":12470,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12472,12473,12511,12528,12532,12543],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,12474,12475,12478,12480,12482,12484,12486,12488,12490,12492,12495,12497,12499,12501,12503,12505,12507,12509],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,12476,12477],{"class":70},"student ",[64,12479,75],{"class":74},[64,12481,10098],{"class":78},[64,12483,2686],{"class":320},[64,12485,7267],{"class":329},[64,12487,2686],{"class":320},[64,12489,160],{"class":78},[64,12491,3184],{"class":320},[64,12493,12494],{"class":329},"Ana",[64,12496,2686],{"class":320},[64,12498,86],{"class":78},[64,12500,3184],{"class":320},[64,12502,8905],{"class":329},[64,12504,2686],{"class":320},[64,12506,160],{"class":78},[64,12508,7390],{"class":82},[64,12510,8915],{"class":78},[64,12512,12513,12516,12518,12521,12523,12526],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,12514,12515],{"class":70},"student_copy ",[64,12517,75],{"class":74},[64,12519,12520],{"class":70}," student",[64,12522,148],{"class":78},[64,12524,12525],{"class":115},"copy",[64,12527,8247],{"class":78},[64,12529,12530],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,12531,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,12533,12534,12536,12538,12541],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,12535,125],{"class":108},[64,12537,112],{"class":78},[64,12539,12540],{"class":115},"student_copy",[64,12542,119],{"class":78},[64,12544,12545,12547,12549,12551,12553,12555],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,12546,125],{"class":108},[64,12548,112],{"class":78},[64,12550,12515],{"class":115},[64,12552,11806],{"class":368},[64,12554,12520],{"class":115},[64,12556,119],{"class":78},[20,12558,12559],{},[221,12560,384],{},[55,12562,12564],{"className":57,"code":12563,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12565,12566,12598],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,12567,12568,12570,12572,12574,12576,12578,12580,12582,12584,12586,12588,12590,12592,12594,12596],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,12569,8884],{"class":78},[64,12571,333],{"class":320},[64,12573,7267],{"class":329},[64,12575,333],{"class":320},[64,12577,160],{"class":78},[64,12579,326],{"class":320},[64,12581,12494],{"class":329},[64,12583,333],{"class":320},[64,12585,86],{"class":78},[64,12587,326],{"class":320},[64,12589,8905],{"class":329},[64,12591,333],{"class":320},[64,12593,160],{"class":78},[64,12595,7390],{"class":82},[64,12597,8915],{"class":78},[64,12599,12600],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,12601,537],{"class":338},[20,12603,1923,12604,12606],{},[15,12605,12390],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[50,12608,12610,12611,12613],{"id":12609},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,12612,12390],{}," method does",[30,12615,12616,12621,12624,12629],{},[33,12617,12618,12620],{},[15,12619,12047],{}," returns a new dictionary",[33,12622,12623],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[33,12625,12626,12627],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12628,12390],{},[33,12630,12631],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,12633,12634,12635,212,12638,148],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[285,12636,8761],{"href":12637},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[285,12639,8998],{"href":12640},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[50,12642,1988],{"id":1987},[55,12644,12646],{"className":57,"code":12645,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12647,12648],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,12649,12650,12653,12655,12658,12660,12662],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,12651,12652],{"class":70},"new_dict ",[64,12654,75],{"class":74},[64,12656,12657],{"class":70}," old_dict",[64,12659,148],{"class":78},[64,12661,12525],{"class":115},[64,12663,8247],{"class":78},[20,12665,12666],{},"Key points:",[30,12668,12669,12673,12676],{},[33,12670,12671,11076],{},[15,12672,12390],{},[33,12674,12675],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[33,12677,12678],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,12680,916],{},[55,12682,12684],{"className":57,"code":12683,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,12685,12686,12729,12745,12749],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,12687,12688,12691,12693,12695,12697,12699,12701,12703,12705,12708,12710,12712,12714,12716,12718,12720,12722,12725,12727],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,12689,12690],{"class":70},"colors ",[64,12692,75],{"class":74},[64,12694,10098],{"class":78},[64,12696,2686],{"class":320},[64,12698,285],{"class":329},[64,12700,2686],{"class":320},[64,12702,160],{"class":78},[64,12704,3184],{"class":320},[64,12706,12707],{"class":329},"red",[64,12709,2686],{"class":320},[64,12711,86],{"class":78},[64,12713,3184],{"class":320},[64,12715,1269],{"class":329},[64,12717,2686],{"class":320},[64,12719,160],{"class":78},[64,12721,3184],{"class":320},[64,12723,12724],{"class":329},"blue",[64,12726,2686],{"class":320},[64,12728,8915],{"class":78},[64,12730,12731,12734,12736,12739,12741,12743],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,12732,12733],{"class":70},"new_colors ",[64,12735,75],{"class":74},[64,12737,12738],{"class":70}," colors",[64,12740,148],{"class":78},[64,12742,12525],{"class":115},[64,12744,8247],{"class":78},[64,12746,12747],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,12748,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,12750,12751,12753,12755,12758],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,12752,125],{"class":108},[64,12754,112],{"class":78},[64,12756,12757],{"class":115},"new_colors",[64,12759,119],{"class":78},[20,12761,12762],{},[221,12763,384],{},[55,12765,12767],{"className":57,"code":12766,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,12768,12769],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,12770,12771,12773,12775,12777,12779,12781,12783,12785,12787,12789,12791,12793,12795,12797,12799,12801,12803],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,12772,8884],{"class":78},[64,12774,333],{"class":320},[64,12776,285],{"class":329},[64,12778,333],{"class":320},[64,12780,160],{"class":78},[64,12782,326],{"class":320},[64,12784,12707],{"class":329},[64,12786,333],{"class":320},[64,12788,86],{"class":78},[64,12790,326],{"class":320},[64,12792,1269],{"class":329},[64,12794,333],{"class":320},[64,12796,160],{"class":78},[64,12798,326],{"class":320},[64,12800,12724],{"class":329},[64,12802,333],{"class":320},[64,12804,8915],{"class":78},[50,12806,11086],{"id":11085},[20,12808,12809],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[55,12811,12813],{"className":57,"code":12812,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,12814,12815,12853,12869,12873,12895,12899,12918],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,12816,12817,12820,12822,12824,12826,12828,12830,12832,12834,12837,12839,12841,12843,12845,12847,12849,12851],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,12818,12819],{"class":70},"person ",[64,12821,75],{"class":74},[64,12823,10098],{"class":78},[64,12825,2686],{"class":320},[64,12827,7267],{"class":329},[64,12829,2686],{"class":320},[64,12831,160],{"class":78},[64,12833,3184],{"class":320},[64,12835,12836],{"class":329},"Liam",[64,12838,2686],{"class":320},[64,12840,86],{"class":78},[64,12842,3184],{"class":320},[64,12844,8905],{"class":329},[64,12846,2686],{"class":320},[64,12848,160],{"class":78},[64,12850,8912],{"class":82},[64,12852,8915],{"class":78},[64,12854,12855,12858,12860,12863,12865,12867],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,12856,12857],{"class":70},"person_copy ",[64,12859,75],{"class":74},[64,12861,12862],{"class":70}," person",[64,12864,148],{"class":78},[64,12866,12525],{"class":115},[64,12868,8247],{"class":78},[64,12870,12871],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,12872,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,12874,12875,12878,12880,12882,12884,12886,12889,12892],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,12876,12877],{"class":70},"person_copy",[64,12879,394],{"class":78},[64,12881,2686],{"class":320},[64,12883,8905],{"class":329},[64,12885,2686],{"class":320},[64,12887,12888],{"class":78},"]",[64,12890,12891],{"class":74}," =",[64,12893,12894],{"class":82}," 26\n",[64,12896,12897],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,12898,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,12900,12901,12903,12905,12907,12910,12912,12914,12916],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,12902,125],{"class":108},[64,12904,112],{"class":78},[64,12906,2686],{"class":320},[64,12908,12909],{"class":329},"Original:",[64,12911,2686],{"class":320},[64,12913,86],{"class":78},[64,12915,12862],{"class":115},[64,12917,119],{"class":78},[64,12919,12920,12922,12924,12926,12929,12931,12933,12936],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,12921,125],{"class":108},[64,12923,112],{"class":78},[64,12925,2686],{"class":320},[64,12927,12928],{"class":329},"Copy:",[64,12930,2686],{"class":320},[64,12932,86],{"class":78},[64,12934,12935],{"class":115}," person_copy",[64,12937,119],{"class":78},[20,12939,12940],{},[221,12941,384],{},[55,12943,12945],{"className":57,"code":12944,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,12946,12947,12984],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,12948,12949,12952,12954,12956,12958,12960,12962,12964,12966,12968,12970,12972,12974,12976,12978,12980,12982],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,12950,12951],{"class":70},"Original",[64,12953,160],{"class":78},[64,12955,10098],{"class":78},[64,12957,333],{"class":320},[64,12959,7267],{"class":329},[64,12961,333],{"class":320},[64,12963,160],{"class":78},[64,12965,326],{"class":320},[64,12967,12836],{"class":329},[64,12969,333],{"class":320},[64,12971,86],{"class":78},[64,12973,326],{"class":320},[64,12975,8905],{"class":329},[64,12977,333],{"class":320},[64,12979,160],{"class":78},[64,12981,8912],{"class":82},[64,12983,8915],{"class":78},[64,12985,12986,12989,12991,12993,12995,12997,12999,13001,13003,13005,13007,13009,13011,13013,13015,13017,13020],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,12987,12988],{"class":70},"Copy",[64,12990,160],{"class":78},[64,12992,10098],{"class":78},[64,12994,333],{"class":320},[64,12996,7267],{"class":329},[64,12998,333],{"class":320},[64,13000,160],{"class":78},[64,13002,326],{"class":320},[64,13004,12836],{"class":329},[64,13006,333],{"class":320},[64,13008,86],{"class":78},[64,13010,326],{"class":320},[64,13012,8905],{"class":329},[64,13014,333],{"class":320},[64,13016,160],{"class":78},[64,13018,13019],{"class":82}," 26",[64,13021,8915],{"class":78},[20,13023,13024],{},"What happened here:",[30,13026,13027,13033,13040],{},[33,13028,13029,13032],{},[15,13030,13031],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[33,13034,13035,13036,13039],{},"Changing ",[15,13037,13038],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[33,13041,13042],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13044,13045],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[50,13047,13049],{"id":13048},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13051,13052,12461,13054,148],{},[15,13053,12390],{},[221,13055,12464],{},[20,13057,1938],{},[30,13059,13060,13063,13066],{},[33,13061,13062],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[33,13064,13065],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[33,13067,13068],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13070,916],{},[55,13072,13074],{"className":57,"code":13073,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13075,13076,13084,13102,13125,13129,13133,13147,13151,13176,13180,13198,13217,13232],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,13077,13078,13080,13082],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,13079,12477],{"class":70},[64,13081,75],{"class":74},[64,13083,11104],{"class":78},[64,13085,13086,13088,13090,13092,13094,13096,13098,13100],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,13087,11109],{"class":320},[64,13089,7267],{"class":329},[64,13091,2686],{"class":320},[64,13093,160],{"class":78},[64,13095,3184],{"class":320},[64,13097,12494],{"class":329},[64,13099,2686],{"class":320},[64,13101,11125],{"class":78},[64,13103,13104,13106,13109,13111,13113,13115,13118,13120,13123],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,13105,11109],{"class":320},[64,13107,13108],{"class":329},"grades",[64,13110,2686],{"class":320},[64,13112,160],{"class":78},[64,13114,79],{"class":78},[64,13116,13117],{"class":82},"90",[64,13119,86],{"class":78},[64,13121,13122],{"class":82}," 85",[64,13124,97],{"class":78},[64,13126,13127],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,13128,8915],{"class":78},[64,13130,13131],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,13132,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,13134,13135,13137,13139,13141,13143,13145],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,13136,12515],{"class":70},[64,13138,75],{"class":74},[64,13140,12520],{"class":70},[64,13142,148],{"class":78},[64,13144,12525],{"class":115},[64,13146,8247],{"class":78},[64,13148,13149],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,13150,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,13152,13153,13155,13157,13159,13161,13163,13166,13169,13171,13174],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,13154,12540],{"class":70},[64,13156,394],{"class":78},[64,13158,2686],{"class":320},[64,13160,13108],{"class":329},[64,13162,2686],{"class":320},[64,13164,13165],{"class":78},"].",[64,13167,13168],{"class":115},"append",[64,13170,112],{"class":78},[64,13172,13173],{"class":82},"100",[64,13175,119],{"class":78},[64,13177,13178],{"class":66,"line":6028},[64,13179,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,13181,13182,13184,13186,13188,13190,13192,13194,13196],{"class":66,"line":6033},[64,13183,125],{"class":108},[64,13185,112],{"class":78},[64,13187,2686],{"class":320},[64,13189,12909],{"class":329},[64,13191,2686],{"class":320},[64,13193,86],{"class":78},[64,13195,12520],{"class":115},[64,13197,119],{"class":78},[64,13199,13200,13202,13204,13206,13208,13210,13212,13215],{"class":66,"line":11206},[64,13201,125],{"class":108},[64,13203,112],{"class":78},[64,13205,2686],{"class":320},[64,13207,12928],{"class":329},[64,13209,2686],{"class":320},[64,13211,86],{"class":78},[64,13213,13214],{"class":115}," student_copy",[64,13216,119],{"class":78},[64,13218,13220,13222,13224,13226,13228,13230],{"class":66,"line":13219},12,[64,13221,125],{"class":108},[64,13223,112],{"class":78},[64,13225,12477],{"class":115},[64,13227,11806],{"class":368},[64,13229,13214],{"class":115},[64,13231,119],{"class":78},[64,13233,13235,13237,13239,13242,13244,13246,13248,13250,13252,13254,13256,13258,13260,13262,13264],{"class":66,"line":13234},13,[64,13236,125],{"class":108},[64,13238,112],{"class":78},[64,13240,13241],{"class":115},"student",[64,13243,394],{"class":78},[64,13245,2686],{"class":320},[64,13247,13108],{"class":329},[64,13249,2686],{"class":320},[64,13251,12888],{"class":78},[64,13253,7698],{"class":368},[64,13255,13214],{"class":115},[64,13257,394],{"class":78},[64,13259,2686],{"class":320},[64,13261,13108],{"class":329},[64,13263,2686],{"class":320},[64,13265,381],{"class":78},[20,13267,13268],{},[221,13269,384],{},[55,13271,13273],{"className":57,"code":13272,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13274,13275,13322,13368,13372],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,13276,13277,13279,13281,13283,13285,13287,13289,13291,13293,13295,13297,13299,13301,13303,13305,13307,13309,13311,13313,13315,13317,13319],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,13278,12951],{"class":70},[64,13280,160],{"class":78},[64,13282,10098],{"class":78},[64,13284,333],{"class":320},[64,13286,7267],{"class":329},[64,13288,333],{"class":320},[64,13290,160],{"class":78},[64,13292,326],{"class":320},[64,13294,12494],{"class":329},[64,13296,333],{"class":320},[64,13298,86],{"class":78},[64,13300,326],{"class":320},[64,13302,13108],{"class":329},[64,13304,333],{"class":320},[64,13306,160],{"class":78},[64,13308,79],{"class":78},[64,13310,13117],{"class":82},[64,13312,86],{"class":78},[64,13314,13122],{"class":82},[64,13316,86],{"class":78},[64,13318,9725],{"class":82},[64,13320,13321],{"class":78},"]}\n",[64,13323,13324,13326,13328,13330,13332,13334,13336,13338,13340,13342,13344,13346,13348,13350,13352,13354,13356,13358,13360,13362,13364,13366],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,13325,12988],{"class":70},[64,13327,160],{"class":78},[64,13329,10098],{"class":78},[64,13331,333],{"class":320},[64,13333,7267],{"class":329},[64,13335,333],{"class":320},[64,13337,160],{"class":78},[64,13339,326],{"class":320},[64,13341,12494],{"class":329},[64,13343,333],{"class":320},[64,13345,86],{"class":78},[64,13347,326],{"class":320},[64,13349,13108],{"class":329},[64,13351,333],{"class":320},[64,13353,160],{"class":78},[64,13355,79],{"class":78},[64,13357,13117],{"class":82},[64,13359,86],{"class":78},[64,13361,13122],{"class":82},[64,13363,86],{"class":78},[64,13365,9725],{"class":82},[64,13367,13321],{"class":78},[64,13369,13370],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,13371,537],{"class":338},[64,13373,13374],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,13375,476],{"class":338},[20,13377,13378],{},"Notice the difference:",[30,13380,13381,13389],{},[33,13382,13383,1292,13386,13388],{},[15,13384,13385],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13387,147],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[33,13390,13391,1292,13394,13396],{},[15,13392,13393],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13395,47],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13398,13399],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13401,13402,13403,148],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[285,13404,13406],{"href":13405},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[50,13408,1471,13410],{"id":13409},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13411,12390],{},[20,13413,1923,13414,10209],{},[15,13415,12390],{},[30,13417,13418,13421,13424,13427],{},[33,13419,13420],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[33,13422,13423],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[33,13425,13426],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[33,13428,13429],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13431,916],{},[55,13433,13435],{"className":57,"code":13434,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13436,13437,13476,13492,13496,13516,13520,13539],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,13438,13439,13442,13444,13446,13448,13450,13452,13454,13456,13458,13460,13462,13464,13467,13469,13471,13474],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,13440,13441],{"class":70},"settings ",[64,13443,75],{"class":74},[64,13445,10098],{"class":78},[64,13447,2686],{"class":320},[64,13449,12107],{"class":329},[64,13451,2686],{"class":320},[64,13453,160],{"class":78},[64,13455,3184],{"class":320},[64,13457,12116],{"class":329},[64,13459,2686],{"class":320},[64,13461,86],{"class":78},[64,13463,3184],{"class":320},[64,13465,13466],{"class":329},"font_size",[64,13468,2686],{"class":320},[64,13470,160],{"class":78},[64,13472,13473],{"class":82}," 14",[64,13475,8915],{"class":78},[64,13477,13478,13481,13483,13486,13488,13490],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,13479,13480],{"class":70},"settings_backup ",[64,13482,75],{"class":74},[64,13484,13485],{"class":70}," settings",[64,13487,148],{"class":78},[64,13489,12525],{"class":115},[64,13491,8247],{"class":78},[64,13493,13494],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,13495,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,13497,13498,13501,13503,13505,13507,13509,13511,13513],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,13499,13500],{"class":70},"settings",[64,13502,394],{"class":78},[64,13504,2686],{"class":320},[64,13506,13466],{"class":329},[64,13508,2686],{"class":320},[64,13510,12888],{"class":78},[64,13512,12891],{"class":74},[64,13514,13515],{"class":82}," 16\n",[64,13517,13518],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,13519,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,13521,13522,13524,13526,13528,13531,13533,13535,13537],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,13523,125],{"class":108},[64,13525,112],{"class":78},[64,13527,2686],{"class":320},[64,13529,13530],{"class":329},"Current:",[64,13532,2686],{"class":320},[64,13534,86],{"class":78},[64,13536,13485],{"class":115},[64,13538,119],{"class":78},[64,13540,13541,13543,13545,13547,13550,13552,13554,13557],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,13542,125],{"class":108},[64,13544,112],{"class":78},[64,13546,2686],{"class":320},[64,13548,13549],{"class":329},"Backup:",[64,13551,2686],{"class":320},[64,13553,86],{"class":78},[64,13555,13556],{"class":115}," settings_backup",[64,13558,119],{"class":78},[20,13560,13561],{},[221,13562,384],{},[55,13564,13566],{"className":57,"code":13565,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13567,13568,13606],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,13569,13570,13573,13575,13577,13579,13581,13583,13585,13587,13589,13591,13593,13595,13597,13599,13601,13604],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,13571,13572],{"class":70},"Current",[64,13574,160],{"class":78},[64,13576,10098],{"class":78},[64,13578,333],{"class":320},[64,13580,12107],{"class":329},[64,13582,333],{"class":320},[64,13584,160],{"class":78},[64,13586,326],{"class":320},[64,13588,12116],{"class":329},[64,13590,333],{"class":320},[64,13592,86],{"class":78},[64,13594,326],{"class":320},[64,13596,13466],{"class":329},[64,13598,333],{"class":320},[64,13600,160],{"class":78},[64,13602,13603],{"class":82}," 16",[64,13605,8915],{"class":78},[64,13607,13608,13611,13613,13615,13617,13619,13621,13623,13625,13627,13629,13631,13633,13635,13637,13639,13641],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,13609,13610],{"class":70},"Backup",[64,13612,160],{"class":78},[64,13614,10098],{"class":78},[64,13616,333],{"class":320},[64,13618,12107],{"class":329},[64,13620,333],{"class":320},[64,13622,160],{"class":78},[64,13624,326],{"class":320},[64,13626,12116],{"class":329},[64,13628,333],{"class":320},[64,13630,86],{"class":78},[64,13632,326],{"class":320},[64,13634,13466],{"class":329},[64,13636,333],{"class":320},[64,13638,160],{"class":78},[64,13640,13473],{"class":82},[64,13642,8915],{"class":78},[20,13644,13645,13646,212,13652,148],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[285,13647,13649],{"href":13648},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13650,13651],{},"dict.update()",[285,13653,13654],{"href":12437},[15,13655,10937],{},[50,13657,13659,13661],{"id":13658},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13660,12390],{}," vs assignment",[20,13663,13664],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,13666,8020,13667,13669,13670,13672],{},[15,13668,75],{}," does ",[221,13671,1138],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[428,13674,13676],{"id":13675},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[55,13678,13680],{"className":57,"code":13679,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,13681,13682,13714,13723,13727,13747,13751,13769,13789],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,13683,13684,13686,13688,13690,13692,13694,13696,13698,13700,13702,13704,13706,13708,13710,13712],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,13685,11698],{"class":70},[64,13687,75],{"class":74},[64,13689,10098],{"class":78},[64,13691,2686],{"class":320},[64,13693,363],{"class":329},[64,13695,2686],{"class":320},[64,13697,160],{"class":78},[64,13699,5091],{"class":82},[64,13701,86],{"class":78},[64,13703,3184],{"class":320},[64,13705,11357],{"class":329},[64,13707,2686],{"class":320},[64,13709,160],{"class":78},[64,13711,89],{"class":82},[64,13713,8915],{"class":78},[64,13715,13716,13719,13721],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,13717,13718],{"class":70},"assigned ",[64,13720,75],{"class":74},[64,13722,11736],{"class":70},[64,13724,13725],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,13726,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,13728,13729,13732,13734,13736,13738,13740,13742,13744],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,13730,13731],{"class":70},"assigned",[64,13733,394],{"class":78},[64,13735,2686],{"class":320},[64,13737,363],{"class":329},[64,13739,2686],{"class":320},[64,13741,12888],{"class":78},[64,13743,12891],{"class":74},[64,13745,13746],{"class":82}," 99\n",[64,13748,13749],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,13750,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,13752,13753,13755,13757,13759,13761,13763,13765,13767],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,13754,125],{"class":108},[64,13756,112],{"class":78},[64,13758,2686],{"class":320},[64,13760,12909],{"class":329},[64,13762,2686],{"class":320},[64,13764,86],{"class":78},[64,13766,11773],{"class":115},[64,13768,119],{"class":78},[64,13770,13771,13773,13775,13777,13780,13782,13784,13787],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,13772,125],{"class":108},[64,13774,112],{"class":78},[64,13776,2686],{"class":320},[64,13778,13779],{"class":329},"Assigned:",[64,13781,2686],{"class":320},[64,13783,86],{"class":78},[64,13785,13786],{"class":115}," assigned",[64,13788,119],{"class":78},[64,13790,13791,13793,13795,13797,13799,13801],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,13792,125],{"class":108},[64,13794,112],{"class":78},[64,13796,11698],{"class":115},[64,13798,11806],{"class":368},[64,13800,13786],{"class":115},[64,13802,119],{"class":78},[20,13804,13805],{},[221,13806,384],{},[55,13808,13810],{"className":57,"code":13809,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,13811,13812,13844,13877],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,13813,13814,13816,13818,13820,13822,13824,13826,13828,13830,13832,13834,13836,13838,13840,13842],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,13815,12951],{"class":70},[64,13817,160],{"class":78},[64,13819,10098],{"class":78},[64,13821,333],{"class":320},[64,13823,363],{"class":329},[64,13825,333],{"class":320},[64,13827,160],{"class":78},[64,13829,9804],{"class":82},[64,13831,86],{"class":78},[64,13833,326],{"class":320},[64,13835,11357],{"class":329},[64,13837,333],{"class":320},[64,13839,160],{"class":78},[64,13841,89],{"class":82},[64,13843,8915],{"class":78},[64,13845,13846,13849,13851,13853,13855,13857,13859,13861,13863,13865,13867,13869,13871,13873,13875],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,13847,13848],{"class":70},"Assigned",[64,13850,160],{"class":78},[64,13852,10098],{"class":78},[64,13854,333],{"class":320},[64,13856,363],{"class":329},[64,13858,333],{"class":320},[64,13860,160],{"class":78},[64,13862,9804],{"class":82},[64,13864,86],{"class":78},[64,13866,326],{"class":320},[64,13868,11357],{"class":329},[64,13870,333],{"class":320},[64,13872,160],{"class":78},[64,13874,89],{"class":82},[64,13876,8915],{"class":78},[64,13878,13879],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,13880,476],{"class":338},[428,13882,8020,13884],{"id":13883},"using-copy",[15,13885,12390],{},[55,13887,13889],{"className":57,"code":13888,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,13890,13891,13923,13938,13942,13961,13965,13983,14003],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,13892,13893,13895,13897,13899,13901,13903,13905,13907,13909,13911,13913,13915,13917,13919,13921],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,13894,11698],{"class":70},[64,13896,75],{"class":74},[64,13898,10098],{"class":78},[64,13900,2686],{"class":320},[64,13902,363],{"class":329},[64,13904,2686],{"class":320},[64,13906,160],{"class":78},[64,13908,5091],{"class":82},[64,13910,86],{"class":78},[64,13912,3184],{"class":320},[64,13914,11357],{"class":329},[64,13916,2686],{"class":320},[64,13918,160],{"class":78},[64,13920,89],{"class":82},[64,13922,8915],{"class":78},[64,13924,13925,13928,13930,13932,13934,13936],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,13926,13927],{"class":70},"copied ",[64,13929,75],{"class":74},[64,13931,11773],{"class":70},[64,13933,148],{"class":78},[64,13935,12525],{"class":115},[64,13937,8247],{"class":78},[64,13939,13940],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,13941,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,13943,13944,13947,13949,13951,13953,13955,13957,13959],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,13945,13946],{"class":70},"copied",[64,13948,394],{"class":78},[64,13950,2686],{"class":320},[64,13952,363],{"class":329},[64,13954,2686],{"class":320},[64,13956,12888],{"class":78},[64,13958,12891],{"class":74},[64,13960,13746],{"class":82},[64,13962,13963],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,13964,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,13966,13967,13969,13971,13973,13975,13977,13979,13981],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,13968,125],{"class":108},[64,13970,112],{"class":78},[64,13972,2686],{"class":320},[64,13974,12909],{"class":329},[64,13976,2686],{"class":320},[64,13978,86],{"class":78},[64,13980,11773],{"class":115},[64,13982,119],{"class":78},[64,13984,13985,13987,13989,13991,13994,13996,13998,14001],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,13986,125],{"class":108},[64,13988,112],{"class":78},[64,13990,2686],{"class":320},[64,13992,13993],{"class":329},"Copied:",[64,13995,2686],{"class":320},[64,13997,86],{"class":78},[64,13999,14000],{"class":115}," copied",[64,14002,119],{"class":78},[64,14004,14005,14007,14009,14011,14013,14015],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,14006,125],{"class":108},[64,14008,112],{"class":78},[64,14010,11698],{"class":115},[64,14012,11806],{"class":368},[64,14014,14000],{"class":115},[64,14016,119],{"class":78},[20,14018,14019],{},[221,14020,384],{},[55,14022,14024],{"className":57,"code":14023,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14025,14026,14058,14091],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,14027,14028,14030,14032,14034,14036,14038,14040,14042,14044,14046,14048,14050,14052,14054,14056],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,14029,12951],{"class":70},[64,14031,160],{"class":78},[64,14033,10098],{"class":78},[64,14035,333],{"class":320},[64,14037,363],{"class":329},[64,14039,333],{"class":320},[64,14041,160],{"class":78},[64,14043,5091],{"class":82},[64,14045,86],{"class":78},[64,14047,326],{"class":320},[64,14049,11357],{"class":329},[64,14051,333],{"class":320},[64,14053,160],{"class":78},[64,14055,89],{"class":82},[64,14057,8915],{"class":78},[64,14059,14060,14063,14065,14067,14069,14071,14073,14075,14077,14079,14081,14083,14085,14087,14089],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,14061,14062],{"class":70},"Copied",[64,14064,160],{"class":78},[64,14066,10098],{"class":78},[64,14068,333],{"class":320},[64,14070,363],{"class":329},[64,14072,333],{"class":320},[64,14074,160],{"class":78},[64,14076,9804],{"class":82},[64,14078,86],{"class":78},[64,14080,326],{"class":320},[64,14082,11357],{"class":329},[64,14084,333],{"class":320},[64,14086,160],{"class":78},[64,14088,89],{"class":82},[64,14090,8915],{"class":78},[64,14092,14093],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,14094,537],{"class":338},[20,14096,14097],{},"Summary:",[30,14099,14100,14106],{},[33,14101,14102,14105],{},[15,14103,14104],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[33,14107,14108,14111],{},[15,14109,14110],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[50,14113,14115],{"id":14114},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14117,14118,160],{},[15,14119,12390],{},[30,14121,14122,14125,14128,14131],{},[33,14123,14124],{},"Returns a dictionary",[33,14126,14127],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[33,14129,14130],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[33,14132,14133],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14135,916],{},[55,14137,14139],{"className":57,"code":14138,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14140,14141,14173,14189,14193,14211,14231,14235,14253],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,14142,14143,14145,14147,14149,14151,14153,14155,14157,14159,14161,14163,14165,14167,14169,14171],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,14144,8771],{"class":70},[64,14146,75],{"class":74},[64,14148,10098],{"class":78},[64,14150,2686],{"class":320},[64,14152,285],{"class":329},[64,14154,2686],{"class":320},[64,14156,160],{"class":78},[64,14158,5091],{"class":82},[64,14160,86],{"class":78},[64,14162,3184],{"class":320},[64,14164,1269],{"class":329},[64,14166,2686],{"class":320},[64,14168,160],{"class":78},[64,14170,89],{"class":82},[64,14172,8915],{"class":78},[64,14174,14175,14178,14180,14183,14185,14187],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,14176,14177],{"class":70},"data_copy ",[64,14179,75],{"class":74},[64,14181,14182],{"class":70}," data",[64,14184,148],{"class":78},[64,14186,12525],{"class":115},[64,14188,8247],{"class":78},[64,14190,14191],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,14192,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,14194,14195,14197,14199,14201,14203,14205,14207,14209],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,14196,8810],{"class":70},[64,14198,394],{"class":78},[64,14200,2686],{"class":320},[64,14202,285],{"class":329},[64,14204,2686],{"class":320},[64,14206,12888],{"class":78},[64,14208,12891],{"class":74},[64,14210,2417],{"class":82},[64,14212,14213,14216,14218,14220,14222,14224,14226,14228],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,14214,14215],{"class":70},"data_copy",[64,14217,394],{"class":78},[64,14219,2686],{"class":320},[64,14221,1269],{"class":329},[64,14223,2686],{"class":320},[64,14225,12888],{"class":78},[64,14227,12891],{"class":74},[64,14229,14230],{"class":82}," 20\n",[64,14232,14233],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,14234,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,14236,14237,14239,14241,14243,14245,14247,14249,14251],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,14238,125],{"class":108},[64,14240,112],{"class":78},[64,14242,2686],{"class":320},[64,14244,12909],{"class":329},[64,14246,2686],{"class":320},[64,14248,86],{"class":78},[64,14250,14182],{"class":115},[64,14252,119],{"class":78},[64,14254,14255,14257,14259,14261,14263,14265,14267,14270],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,14256,125],{"class":108},[64,14258,112],{"class":78},[64,14260,2686],{"class":320},[64,14262,12928],{"class":329},[64,14264,2686],{"class":320},[64,14266,86],{"class":78},[64,14268,14269],{"class":115}," data_copy",[64,14271,119],{"class":78},[20,14273,14274],{},[221,14275,384],{},[55,14277,14279],{"className":57,"code":14278,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14280,14281,14313],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,14282,14283,14285,14287,14289,14291,14293,14295,14297,14299,14301,14303,14305,14307,14309,14311],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,14284,12951],{"class":70},[64,14286,160],{"class":78},[64,14288,10098],{"class":78},[64,14290,333],{"class":320},[64,14292,285],{"class":329},[64,14294,333],{"class":320},[64,14296,160],{"class":78},[64,14298,5599],{"class":82},[64,14300,86],{"class":78},[64,14302,326],{"class":320},[64,14304,1269],{"class":329},[64,14306,333],{"class":320},[64,14308,160],{"class":78},[64,14310,89],{"class":82},[64,14312,8915],{"class":78},[64,14314,14315,14317,14319,14321,14323,14325,14327,14329,14331,14333,14335,14337,14339,14341,14343],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,14316,12988],{"class":70},[64,14318,160],{"class":78},[64,14320,10098],{"class":78},[64,14322,333],{"class":320},[64,14324,285],{"class":329},[64,14326,333],{"class":320},[64,14328,160],{"class":78},[64,14330,5091],{"class":82},[64,14332,86],{"class":78},[64,14334,326],{"class":320},[64,14336,1269],{"class":329},[64,14338,333],{"class":320},[64,14340,160],{"class":78},[64,14342,7390],{"class":82},[64,14344,8915],{"class":78},[50,14346,2661],{"id":2660},[20,14348,14349,14350,160],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14351,12047],{},[30,14353,14354,14361,14366,14371],{},[33,14355,8020,14356,10701,14358,14360],{},[15,14357,75],{},[15,14359,12390],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[33,14362,1085,14363,14365],{},[15,14364,12390],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[33,14367,14368,14369],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14370,12390],{},[33,14372,14373],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14375,14376],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[55,14378,14380],{"className":57,"code":14379,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14381,14382,14392,14402,14416,14439,14462],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,14383,14384,14386,14388,14390],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,14385,125],{"class":108},[64,14387,112],{"class":78},[64,14389,11745],{"class":115},[64,14391,119],{"class":78},[64,14393,14394,14396,14398,14400],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,14395,125],{"class":108},[64,14397,112],{"class":78},[64,14399,13946],{"class":115},[64,14401,119],{"class":78},[64,14403,14404,14406,14408,14410,14412,14414],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,14405,125],{"class":108},[64,14407,112],{"class":78},[64,14409,11698],{"class":115},[64,14411,11806],{"class":368},[64,14413,14000],{"class":115},[64,14415,119],{"class":78},[64,14417,14418,14420,14422,14424,14426,14428,14430,14433,14435,14437],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,14419,125],{"class":108},[64,14421,112],{"class":78},[64,14423,12262],{"class":108},[64,14425,112],{"class":78},[64,14427,11745],{"class":115},[64,14429,8839],{"class":78},[64,14431,14432],{"class":108}," id",[64,14434,112],{"class":78},[64,14436,13946],{"class":115},[64,14438,471],{"class":78},[64,14440,14441,14443,14445,14447,14449,14451,14453,14455,14458,14460],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,14442,125],{"class":108},[64,14444,112],{"class":78},[64,14446,12262],{"class":108},[64,14448,112],{"class":78},[64,14450,11745],{"class":115},[64,14452,394],{"class":78},[64,14454,2686],{"class":320},[64,14456,14457],{"class":329},"key",[64,14459,2686],{"class":320},[64,14461,1081],{"class":78},[64,14463,14464,14466,14468,14470,14472,14474,14476,14478,14480,14482],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,14465,125],{"class":108},[64,14467,112],{"class":78},[64,14469,12262],{"class":108},[64,14471,112],{"class":78},[64,14473,13946],{"class":115},[64,14475,394],{"class":78},[64,14477,2686],{"class":320},[64,14479,14457],{"class":329},[64,14481,2686],{"class":320},[64,14483,1081],{"class":78},[20,14485,14486],{},"What these help you check:",[30,14488,14489,14492,14495],{},[33,14490,14491],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[33,14493,14494],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[33,14496,14497],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14499,14500,14501,148],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[285,14502,14504],{"href":14503},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[50,14506,1651],{"id":1650},[428,14508,12317,14510,14512],{"id":14509},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14511,12047],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14514,14515],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[428,14517,14519,14520,14522],{"id":14518},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,14521,12047],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14524,14525],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[428,14527,1694,14529,896,14531,1677],{"id":14528},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14530,12390],{},[15,14532,75],{},[20,14534,14535,14537,14538,14540],{},[15,14536,12390],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14539,75],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[428,14542,14544],{"id":14543},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14546,14547],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[50,14549,1717],{"id":1716},[30,14551,14552,14556,14560,14564,14571,14577],{},[33,14553,14554],{},[285,14555,10852],{"href":12640},[33,14557,14558],{},[285,14559,8761],{"href":12637},[33,14561,14562],{},[285,14563,13406],{"href":13405},[33,14565,14566],{},[285,14567,10345,14568,10349],{"href":13648},[15,14569,14570],{},"update()",[33,14572,14573],{},[285,14574,10345,14575,10349],{"href":12437},[15,14576,10931],{},[33,14578,14579],{},[285,14580,14581],{"href":14503},"How to copy a list in Python",[1751,14583,14584],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":14586},[14587,14588,14590,14591,14592,14593,14595,14601,14602,14603,14612],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":12609,"depth":100,"text":14589},"What the copy() method does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":11085,"depth":100,"text":11086},{"id":13048,"depth":100,"text":13049},{"id":13409,"depth":100,"text":14594},"When to use copy()",{"id":13658,"depth":100,"text":14596,"children":14597},"copy() vs assignment",[14598,14599],{"id":13675,"depth":122,"text":13676},{"id":13883,"depth":122,"text":14600},"Using copy()",{"id":14114,"depth":100,"text":14115},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":14604},[14605,14607,14609,14611],{"id":14509,"depth":122,"text":14606},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14518,"depth":122,"text":14608},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14528,"depth":122,"text":14610},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14543,"depth":122,"text":14544},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12443,"description":14613},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14620,"title":14621,"body":14622,"description":16821,"extension":1791,"meta":16822,"navigation":346,"path":12640,"seo":16823,"stem":16824,"__hash__":16825},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14623,"toc":16783},[14624,14627,14633,14642,14644,14720,14724,14773,14776,14780,14794,14797,14801,14814,14817,14850,14864,14867,14879,14883,14886,14894,14974,14978,15031,15035,15053,15055,15137,15140,15142,15145,15148,15171,15195,15199,15207,15210,15214,15223,15228,15286,15290,15323,15329,15335,15338,15393,15397,15447,15450,15456,15459,15467,15469,15514,15519,15528,15531,15534,15581,15583,15588,15591,15685,15689,15742,15745,15801,15804,15808,15811,15825,15829,15895,15899,15924,15927,15931,16009,16013,16016,16019,16039,16042,16095,16099,16102,16105,16118,16120,16209,16216,16219,16230,16232,16235,16255,16259,16262,16271,16274,16313,16317,16319,16328,16337,16339,16377,16381,16428,16432,16453,16457,16460,16572,16577,16675,16697,16699,16703,16710,16714,16720,16724,16727,16731,16734,16741,16749,16751,16777,16780],[10,14625,14621],{"id":14626},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,14628,14629,14630,14632],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[221,14631,8737],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,14634,14635,14636,212,14638,148],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[285,14637,8761],{"href":8760},[285,14639,14641],{"href":14640},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[50,14643,1833],{"id":1832},[55,14645,14647],{"className":57,"code":14646,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14648,14649,14657,14675,14689,14702,14706,14710],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,14650,14651,14653,14655],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,14652,12477],{"class":70},[64,14654,75],{"class":74},[64,14656,11104],{"class":78},[64,14658,14659,14661,14663,14665,14667,14669,14671,14673],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,14660,11109],{"class":320},[64,14662,7267],{"class":329},[64,14664,2686],{"class":320},[64,14666,160],{"class":78},[64,14668,3184],{"class":320},[64,14670,12494],{"class":329},[64,14672,2686],{"class":320},[64,14674,11125],{"class":78},[64,14676,14677,14679,14681,14683,14685,14687],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,14678,11109],{"class":320},[64,14680,8905],{"class":329},[64,14682,2686],{"class":320},[64,14684,160],{"class":78},[64,14686,7390],{"class":82},[64,14688,11125],{"class":78},[64,14690,14691,14693,14696,14698,14700],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,14692,11109],{"class":320},[64,14694,14695],{"class":329},"is_active",[64,14697,2686],{"class":320},[64,14699,160],{"class":78},[64,14701,6019],{"class":338},[64,14703,14704],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,14705,8915],{"class":78},[64,14707,14708],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,14709,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,14711,14712,14714,14716,14718],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,14713,125],{"class":108},[64,14715,112],{"class":78},[64,14717,13241],{"class":115},[64,14719,119],{"class":78},[20,14721,14722],{},[221,14723,384],{},[55,14725,14727],{"className":57,"code":14726,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,14728,14729],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,14730,14731,14733,14735,14737,14739,14741,14743,14745,14747,14749,14751,14753,14755,14757,14759,14761,14763,14765,14767,14769,14771],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,14732,8884],{"class":78},[64,14734,333],{"class":320},[64,14736,7267],{"class":329},[64,14738,333],{"class":320},[64,14740,160],{"class":78},[64,14742,326],{"class":320},[64,14744,12494],{"class":329},[64,14746,333],{"class":320},[64,14748,86],{"class":78},[64,14750,326],{"class":320},[64,14752,8905],{"class":329},[64,14754,333],{"class":320},[64,14756,160],{"class":78},[64,14758,7390],{"class":82},[64,14760,86],{"class":78},[64,14762,326],{"class":320},[64,14764,14695],{"class":329},[64,14766,333],{"class":320},[64,14768,160],{"class":78},[64,14770,410],{"class":338},[64,14772,8915],{"class":78},[20,14774,14775],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[50,14777,14779],{"id":14778},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[30,14781,14782,14785,14788,14791],{},[33,14783,14784],{},"What a dictionary is",[33,14786,14787],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[33,14789,14790],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[33,14792,14793],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[50,14795,14784],{"id":14796},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,14798,8734,14799,148],{},[221,14800,8737],{},[30,14802,14803,14809],{},[33,14804,14805,14806,14808],{},"A ",[221,14807,14457],{}," is the label",[33,14810,14805,14811,14813],{},[221,14812,2302],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,14815,14816],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[55,14818,14820],{"className":57,"code":14819,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,14821,14822,14830,14846],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,14823,14824,14826,14828],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,14825,12477],{"class":70},[64,14827,75],{"class":74},[64,14829,11104],{"class":78},[64,14831,14832,14834,14836,14838,14840,14842,14844],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,14833,11109],{"class":320},[64,14835,7267],{"class":329},[64,14837,2686],{"class":320},[64,14839,160],{"class":78},[64,14841,3184],{"class":320},[64,14843,12494],{"class":329},[64,14845,3190],{"class":320},[64,14847,14848],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,14849,8915],{"class":78},[30,14851,14852,14858],{},[33,14853,14854,14857],{},[15,14855,14856],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[33,14859,14860,14863],{},[15,14861,14862],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,14865,14866],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[30,14868,14869,14871,14873,14876],{},[33,14870,7267],{},[33,14872,8905],{},[33,14874,14875],{},"email",[33,14877,14878],{},"country",[50,14880,14882],{"id":14881},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,14884,14885],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,14887,1923,14888,14890,14891,148],{},[15,14889,272],{}," and write each item as ",[15,14892,14893],{},"key: value",[55,14895,14897],{"className":57,"code":14896,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14898,14899,14907,14925,14939,14956,14960,14964],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,14900,14901,14903,14905],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,14902,12477],{"class":70},[64,14904,75],{"class":74},[64,14906,11104],{"class":78},[64,14908,14909,14911,14913,14915,14917,14919,14921,14923],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,14910,11109],{"class":320},[64,14912,7267],{"class":329},[64,14914,2686],{"class":320},[64,14916,160],{"class":78},[64,14918,3184],{"class":320},[64,14920,12494],{"class":329},[64,14922,2686],{"class":320},[64,14924,11125],{"class":78},[64,14926,14927,14929,14931,14933,14935,14937],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,14928,11109],{"class":320},[64,14930,8905],{"class":329},[64,14932,2686],{"class":320},[64,14934,160],{"class":78},[64,14936,7390],{"class":82},[64,14938,11125],{"class":78},[64,14940,14941,14943,14946,14948,14950,14952,14954],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,14942,11109],{"class":320},[64,14944,14945],{"class":329},"course",[64,14947,2686],{"class":320},[64,14949,160],{"class":78},[64,14951,3184],{"class":320},[64,14953,6895],{"class":329},[64,14955,3190],{"class":320},[64,14957,14958],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,14959,8915],{"class":78},[64,14961,14962],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,14963,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,14965,14966,14968,14970,14972],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,14967,125],{"class":108},[64,14969,112],{"class":78},[64,14971,13241],{"class":115},[64,14973,119],{"class":78},[20,14975,14976],{},[221,14977,384],{},[55,14979,14981],{"className":57,"code":14980,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,14982,14983],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,14984,14985,14987,14989,14991,14993,14995,14997,14999,15001,15003,15005,15007,15009,15011,15013,15015,15017,15019,15021,15023,15025,15027,15029],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,14986,8884],{"class":78},[64,14988,333],{"class":320},[64,14990,7267],{"class":329},[64,14992,333],{"class":320},[64,14994,160],{"class":78},[64,14996,326],{"class":320},[64,14998,12494],{"class":329},[64,15000,333],{"class":320},[64,15002,86],{"class":78},[64,15004,326],{"class":320},[64,15006,8905],{"class":329},[64,15008,333],{"class":320},[64,15010,160],{"class":78},[64,15012,7390],{"class":82},[64,15014,86],{"class":78},[64,15016,326],{"class":320},[64,15018,14945],{"class":329},[64,15020,333],{"class":320},[64,15022,160],{"class":78},[64,15024,326],{"class":320},[64,15026,6895],{"class":329},[64,15028,333],{"class":320},[64,15030,8915],{"class":78},[428,15032,15034],{"id":15033},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[30,15036,15037,15042,15047,15050],{},[33,15038,1923,15039,15041],{},[15,15040,272],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[33,15043,15044,15045],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15046,14893],{},[33,15048,15049],{},"Separate items with commas",[33,15051,15052],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15054,916],{},[55,15056,15058],{"className":57,"code":15057,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15059,15060,15069,15089,15105,15118,15122,15126],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,15061,15062,15065,15067],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15063,15064],{"class":70},"book ",[64,15066,75],{"class":74},[64,15068,11104],{"class":78},[64,15070,15071,15073,15076,15078,15080,15082,15085,15087],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,15072,11109],{"class":320},[64,15074,15075],{"class":329},"title",[64,15077,2686],{"class":320},[64,15079,160],{"class":78},[64,15081,3184],{"class":320},[64,15083,15084],{"class":329},"Python Basics",[64,15086,2686],{"class":320},[64,15088,11125],{"class":78},[64,15090,15091,15093,15096,15098,15100,15103],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,15092,11109],{"class":320},[64,15094,15095],{"class":329},"pages",[64,15097,2686],{"class":320},[64,15099,160],{"class":78},[64,15101,15102],{"class":82}," 150",[64,15104,11125],{"class":78},[64,15106,15107,15109,15112,15114,15116],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,15108,11109],{"class":320},[64,15110,15111],{"class":329},"available",[64,15113,2686],{"class":320},[64,15115,160],{"class":78},[64,15117,6019],{"class":338},[64,15119,15120],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,15121,8915],{"class":78},[64,15123,15124],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,15125,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,15127,15128,15130,15132,15135],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,15129,125],{"class":108},[64,15131,112],{"class":78},[64,15133,15134],{"class":115},"book",[64,15136,119],{"class":78},[20,15138,15139],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[50,15141,9009],{"id":9008},[20,15143,15144],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15146,15147],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[55,15149,15151],{"className":57,"code":15150,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15152,15153,15161],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,15154,15155,15157,15159],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15156,8771],{"class":70},[64,15158,75],{"class":74},[64,15160,9445],{"class":78},[64,15162,15163,15165,15167,15169],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,15164,125],{"class":108},[64,15166,112],{"class":78},[64,15168,8810],{"class":115},[64,15170,119],{"class":78},[55,15172,15173],{"className":57,"code":9012,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,15174,15175,15185],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,15176,15177,15179,15181,15183],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15178,8771],{"class":70},[64,15180,75],{"class":74},[64,15182,8776],{"class":357},[64,15184,8247],{"class":78},[64,15186,15187,15189,15191,15193],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,15188,125],{"class":108},[64,15190,112],{"class":78},[64,15192,8810],{"class":115},[64,15194,119],{"class":78},[20,15196,15197],{},[221,15198,384],{},[55,15200,15201],{"className":57,"code":9041,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,15202,15203],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,15204,15205],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15206,9041],{"class":78},[20,15208,15209],{},"Both are correct.",[428,15211,15213],{"id":15212},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15215,15216,15218,15219,15222],{},[15,15217,272],{}," creates an empty ",[221,15220,15221],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15224,15225,15226,148],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15227,277],{},[55,15229,15231],{"className":57,"code":15230,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15232,15233,15241,15253,15257,15271],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,15234,15235,15237,15239],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15236,11336],{"class":70},[64,15238,75],{"class":74},[64,15240,9445],{"class":78},[64,15242,15243,15246,15248,15251],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,15244,15245],{"class":70},"my_set ",[64,15247,75],{"class":74},[64,15249,15250],{"class":357}," set",[64,15252,8247],{"class":78},[64,15254,15255],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,15256,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,15258,15259,15261,15263,15265,15267,15269],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,15260,125],{"class":108},[64,15262,112],{"class":78},[64,15264,3052],{"class":357},[64,15266,112],{"class":78},[64,15268,11060],{"class":115},[64,15270,471],{"class":78},[64,15272,15273,15275,15277,15279,15281,15284],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,15274,125],{"class":108},[64,15276,112],{"class":78},[64,15278,3052],{"class":357},[64,15280,112],{"class":78},[64,15282,15283],{"class":115},"my_set",[64,15285,471],{"class":78},[20,15287,15288],{},[221,15289,384],{},[55,15291,15293],{"className":57,"code":15292,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15294,15295,15309],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,15296,15297,15299,15301,15303,15305,15307],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15298,3121],{"class":74},[64,15300,3124],{"class":1895},[64,15302,326],{"class":320},[64,15304,8426],{"class":329},[64,15306,333],{"class":320},[64,15308,3133],{"class":74},[64,15310,15311,15313,15315,15317,15319,15321],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,15312,3121],{"class":74},[64,15314,3124],{"class":1895},[64,15316,326],{"class":320},[64,15318,5882],{"class":329},[64,15320,333],{"class":320},[64,15322,3133],{"class":74},[50,15324,15326,15327],{"id":15325},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15328,8725],{},[20,15330,15331,15332,15334],{},"You can also use ",[15,15333,8725],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15336,15337],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[55,15339,15341],{"className":57,"code":15340,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15342,15343,15383],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,15344,15345,15347,15349,15351,15353,15355,15357,15359,15361,15363,15365,15367,15369,15372,15374,15377,15379,15381],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15346,12477],{"class":70},[64,15348,75],{"class":74},[64,15350,8776],{"class":357},[64,15352,112],{"class":78},[64,15354,7267],{"class":8781},[64,15356,75],{"class":74},[64,15358,2686],{"class":320},[64,15360,12494],{"class":329},[64,15362,2686],{"class":320},[64,15364,86],{"class":78},[64,15366,8794],{"class":8781},[64,15368,75],{"class":74},[64,15370,15371],{"class":82},"20",[64,15373,86],{"class":78},[64,15375,15376],{"class":8781}," active",[64,15378,75],{"class":74},[64,15380,47],{"class":338},[64,15382,119],{"class":78},[64,15384,15385,15387,15389,15391],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,15386,125],{"class":108},[64,15388,112],{"class":78},[64,15390,13241],{"class":115},[64,15392,119],{"class":78},[20,15394,15395],{},[221,15396,384],{},[55,15398,15400],{"className":57,"code":15399,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15401,15402],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,15403,15404,15406,15408,15410,15412,15414,15416,15418,15420,15422,15424,15426,15428,15430,15432,15434,15436,15439,15441,15443,15445],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15405,8884],{"class":78},[64,15407,333],{"class":320},[64,15409,7267],{"class":329},[64,15411,333],{"class":320},[64,15413,160],{"class":78},[64,15415,326],{"class":320},[64,15417,12494],{"class":329},[64,15419,333],{"class":320},[64,15421,86],{"class":78},[64,15423,326],{"class":320},[64,15425,8905],{"class":329},[64,15427,333],{"class":320},[64,15429,160],{"class":78},[64,15431,7390],{"class":82},[64,15433,86],{"class":78},[64,15435,326],{"class":320},[64,15437,15438],{"class":329},"active",[64,15440,333],{"class":320},[64,15442,160],{"class":78},[64,15444,410],{"class":338},[64,15446,8915],{"class":78},[20,15448,15449],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[428,15451,15453,15454],{"id":15452},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15455,8725],{},[20,15457,15458],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[30,15460,15461,15464],{},[33,15462,15463],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[33,15465,15466],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15468,6285],{},[55,15470,15472],{"className":57,"code":15471,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15473,15474,15504],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,15475,15476,15478,15480,15482,15484,15486,15488,15490,15492,15494,15496,15498,15500,15502],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15477,11099],{"class":70},[64,15479,75],{"class":74},[64,15481,8776],{"class":357},[64,15483,112],{"class":78},[64,15485,7267],{"class":8781},[64,15487,75],{"class":74},[64,15489,2686],{"class":320},[64,15491,7276],{"class":329},[64,15493,2686],{"class":320},[64,15495,86],{"class":78},[64,15497,8794],{"class":8781},[64,15499,75],{"class":74},[64,15501,8799],{"class":82},[64,15503,119],{"class":78},[64,15505,15506,15508,15510,15512],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,15507,125],{"class":108},[64,15509,112],{"class":78},[64,15511,11193],{"class":115},[64,15513,119],{"class":78},[20,15515,1135,15516,15518],{},[221,15517,1138],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[55,15520,15522],{"className":57,"code":15521,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15523,15524],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,15525,15526],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15527,15521],{"class":136},[20,15529,15530],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15532,15533],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[55,15535,15537],{"className":57,"code":15536,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15538,15539,15547,15563,15567,15571],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,15540,15541,15543,15545],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15542,11099],{"class":70},[64,15544,75],{"class":74},[64,15546,11104],{"class":78},[64,15548,15549,15551,15553,15555,15557,15559,15561],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,15550,11109],{"class":320},[64,15552,10103],{"class":329},[64,15554,2686],{"class":320},[64,15556,160],{"class":78},[64,15558,3184],{"class":320},[64,15560,7276],{"class":329},[64,15562,3190],{"class":320},[64,15564,15565],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,15566,8915],{"class":78},[64,15568,15569],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,15570,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,15572,15573,15575,15577,15579],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,15574,125],{"class":108},[64,15576,112],{"class":78},[64,15578,11193],{"class":115},[64,15580,119],{"class":78},[50,15582,9051],{"id":9050},[20,15584,15585,15587],{},[15,15586,8725],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15589,15590],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[55,15592,15594],{"className":57,"code":15593,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15595,15596,15653,15657,15671,15675],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,15597,15598,15600,15602,15604,15606,15608,15610,15612,15614,15616,15618,15620,15622,15624,15626,15628,15630,15632,15634,15636,15638,15640,15642,15644,15646,15649,15651],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15599,8821],{"class":70},[64,15601,75],{"class":74},[64,15603,8826],{"class":78},[64,15605,2686],{"class":320},[64,15607,7267],{"class":329},[64,15609,2686],{"class":320},[64,15611,86],{"class":78},[64,15613,3184],{"class":320},[64,15615,12494],{"class":329},[64,15617,2686],{"class":320},[64,15619,8839],{"class":78},[64,15621,8842],{"class":78},[64,15623,2686],{"class":320},[64,15625,8905],{"class":329},[64,15627,2686],{"class":320},[64,15629,86],{"class":78},[64,15631,7390],{"class":82},[64,15633,8839],{"class":78},[64,15635,8842],{"class":78},[64,15637,2686],{"class":320},[64,15639,10016],{"class":329},[64,15641,2686],{"class":320},[64,15643,86],{"class":78},[64,15645,3184],{"class":320},[64,15647,15648],{"class":329},"Lima",[64,15650,2686],{"class":320},[64,15652,8855],{"class":78},[64,15654,15655],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,15656,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,15658,15659,15661,15663,15665,15667,15669],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,15660,12477],{"class":70},[64,15662,75],{"class":74},[64,15664,8776],{"class":357},[64,15666,112],{"class":78},[64,15668,8868],{"class":115},[64,15670,119],{"class":78},[64,15672,15673],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,15674,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,15676,15677,15679,15681,15683],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,15678,125],{"class":108},[64,15680,112],{"class":78},[64,15682,13241],{"class":115},[64,15684,119],{"class":78},[20,15686,15687],{},[221,15688,384],{},[55,15690,15692],{"className":57,"code":15691,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,15693,15694],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,15695,15696,15698,15700,15702,15704,15706,15708,15710,15712,15714,15716,15718,15720,15722,15724,15726,15728,15730,15732,15734,15736,15738,15740],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15697,8884],{"class":78},[64,15699,333],{"class":320},[64,15701,7267],{"class":329},[64,15703,333],{"class":320},[64,15705,160],{"class":78},[64,15707,326],{"class":320},[64,15709,12494],{"class":329},[64,15711,333],{"class":320},[64,15713,86],{"class":78},[64,15715,326],{"class":320},[64,15717,8905],{"class":329},[64,15719,333],{"class":320},[64,15721,160],{"class":78},[64,15723,7390],{"class":82},[64,15725,86],{"class":78},[64,15727,326],{"class":320},[64,15729,10016],{"class":329},[64,15731,333],{"class":320},[64,15733,160],{"class":78},[64,15735,326],{"class":320},[64,15737,15648],{"class":329},[64,15739,333],{"class":320},[64,15741,8915],{"class":78},[20,15743,15744],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[55,15746,15748],{"className":57,"code":15747,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,15749,15750,15791],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,15751,15752,15754,15756,15758,15761,15763,15765,15767,15769,15771,15773,15775,15777,15779,15781,15783,15785,15787,15789],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15753,12477],{"class":70},[64,15755,75],{"class":74},[64,15757,8776],{"class":357},[64,15759,15760],{"class":78},"(((",[64,15762,2686],{"class":320},[64,15764,7267],{"class":329},[64,15766,2686],{"class":320},[64,15768,86],{"class":78},[64,15770,3184],{"class":320},[64,15772,12494],{"class":329},[64,15774,2686],{"class":320},[64,15776,8839],{"class":78},[64,15778,8842],{"class":78},[64,15780,2686],{"class":320},[64,15782,8905],{"class":329},[64,15784,2686],{"class":320},[64,15786,86],{"class":78},[64,15788,7390],{"class":82},[64,15790,2744],{"class":78},[64,15792,15793,15795,15797,15799],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,15794,125],{"class":108},[64,15796,112],{"class":78},[64,15798,13241],{"class":115},[64,15800,119],{"class":78},[20,15802,15803],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[50,15805,15807],{"id":15806},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,15809,15810],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[30,15812,15813,15816,15819,15822],{},[33,15814,15815],{},"Keys must be unique",[33,15817,15818],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[33,15820,15821],{},"Values can repeat",[33,15823,15824],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[428,15826,15828],{"id":15827},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[55,15830,15832],{"className":57,"code":15831,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,15833,15834,15842,15860,15877,15881,15885],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,15835,15836,15838,15840],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15837,8771],{"class":70},[64,15839,75],{"class":74},[64,15841,11104],{"class":78},[64,15843,15844,15846,15848,15850,15852,15854,15856,15858],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,15845,11109],{"class":320},[64,15847,7267],{"class":329},[64,15849,2686],{"class":320},[64,15851,160],{"class":78},[64,15853,3184],{"class":320},[64,15855,12494],{"class":329},[64,15857,2686],{"class":320},[64,15859,11125],{"class":78},[64,15861,15862,15864,15866,15868,15870,15872,15875],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,15863,11109],{"class":320},[64,15865,7267],{"class":329},[64,15867,2686],{"class":320},[64,15869,160],{"class":78},[64,15871,3184],{"class":320},[64,15873,15874],{"class":329},"Maria",[64,15876,3190],{"class":320},[64,15878,15879],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,15880,8915],{"class":78},[64,15882,15883],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,15884,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,15886,15887,15889,15891,15893],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,15888,125],{"class":108},[64,15890,112],{"class":78},[64,15892,8810],{"class":115},[64,15894,119],{"class":78},[20,15896,15897],{},[221,15898,384],{},[55,15900,15902],{"className":57,"code":15901,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,15903,15904],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,15905,15906,15908,15910,15912,15914,15916,15918,15920,15922],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15907,8884],{"class":78},[64,15909,333],{"class":320},[64,15911,7267],{"class":329},[64,15913,333],{"class":320},[64,15915,160],{"class":78},[64,15917,326],{"class":320},[64,15919,15874],{"class":329},[64,15921,333],{"class":320},[64,15923,8915],{"class":78},[20,15925,15926],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[428,15928,15930],{"id":15929},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[55,15932,15934],{"className":57,"code":15933,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,15935,15936,15944,15960,15976,15990,15994,15998],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,15937,15938,15940,15942],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,15939,1574],{"class":70},[64,15941,75],{"class":74},[64,15943,11104],{"class":78},[64,15945,15946,15949,15951,15953,15956,15958],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,15947,15948],{"class":82},"    1",[64,15950,160],{"class":78},[64,15952,3184],{"class":320},[64,15954,15955],{"class":329},"low",[64,15957,2686],{"class":320},[64,15959,11125],{"class":78},[64,15961,15962,15965,15967,15969,15972,15974],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,15963,15964],{"class":82},"    2",[64,15966,160],{"class":78},[64,15968,3184],{"class":320},[64,15970,15971],{"class":329},"medium",[64,15973,2686],{"class":320},[64,15975,11125],{"class":78},[64,15977,15978,15981,15983,15985,15988],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,15979,15980],{"class":82},"    3",[64,15982,160],{"class":78},[64,15984,3184],{"class":320},[64,15986,15987],{"class":329},"high",[64,15989,3190],{"class":320},[64,15991,15992],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,15993,8915],{"class":78},[64,15995,15996],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,15997,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,15999,16000,16002,16004,16007],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,16001,125],{"class":108},[64,16003,112],{"class":78},[64,16005,16006],{"class":115},"scores",[64,16008,119],{"class":78},[428,16010,16012],{"id":16011},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16014,16015],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16017,16018],{},"This will cause an error:",[55,16020,16022],{"className":57,"code":16021,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16023,16024,16029,16034],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,16025,16026],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,16027,16028],{"class":136},"# bad = {\n",[64,16030,16031],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,16032,16033],{"class":136},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[64,16035,16036],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,16037,16038],{"class":136},"# }\n",[20,16040,16041],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[55,16043,16045],{"className":57,"code":16044,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16046,16047,16056,16076,16080,16084],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,16048,16049,16052,16054],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,16050,16051],{"class":70},"good ",[64,16053,75],{"class":74},[64,16055,11104],{"class":78},[64,16057,16058,16061,16063,16065,16067,16070,16072,16074],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,16059,16060],{"class":78},"    (",[64,16062,83],{"class":82},[64,16064,86],{"class":78},[64,16066,89],{"class":82},[64,16068,16069],{"class":78},"):",[64,16071,3184],{"class":320},[64,16073,116],{"class":329},[64,16075,3190],{"class":320},[64,16077,16078],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,16079,8915],{"class":78},[64,16081,16082],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,16083,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,16085,16086,16088,16090,16093],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,16087,125],{"class":108},[64,16089,112],{"class":78},[64,16091,16092],{"class":115},"good",[64,16094,119],{"class":78},[50,16096,16098],{"id":16097},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16100,16101],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16103,16104],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[30,16106,16107,16110,16112,16115],{},[33,16108,16109],{},"user data",[33,16111,13500],{},[33,16113,16114],{},"counters",[33,16116,16117],{},"lookups",[20,16119,916],{},[55,16121,16123],{"className":57,"code":16122,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16124,16125,16133,16152,16171,16183,16187,16191],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,16126,16127,16129,16131],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,16128,11099],{"class":70},[64,16130,75],{"class":74},[64,16132,11104],{"class":78},[64,16134,16135,16137,16139,16141,16143,16145,16148,16150],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,16136,11109],{"class":320},[64,16138,7586],{"class":329},[64,16140,2686],{"class":320},[64,16142,160],{"class":78},[64,16144,3184],{"class":320},[64,16146,16147],{"class":329},"ana123",[64,16149,2686],{"class":320},[64,16151,11125],{"class":78},[64,16153,16154,16156,16158,16160,16162,16164,16167,16169],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,16155,11109],{"class":320},[64,16157,14875],{"class":329},[64,16159,2686],{"class":320},[64,16161,160],{"class":78},[64,16163,3184],{"class":320},[64,16165,16166],{"class":329},"ana@example.com",[64,16168,2686],{"class":320},[64,16170,11125],{"class":78},[64,16172,16173,16175,16177,16179,16181],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,16174,11109],{"class":320},[64,16176,12127],{"class":329},[64,16178,2686],{"class":320},[64,16180,160],{"class":78},[64,16182,6019],{"class":338},[64,16184,16185],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,16186,8915],{"class":78},[64,16188,16189],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,16190,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,16192,16193,16195,16197,16199,16201,16203,16205,16207],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,16194,125],{"class":108},[64,16196,112],{"class":78},[64,16198,11193],{"class":115},[64,16200,394],{"class":78},[64,16202,2686],{"class":320},[64,16204,14875],{"class":329},[64,16206,2686],{"class":320},[64,16208,381],{"class":78},[20,16210,16211,16212,148],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[285,16213,16215],{"href":16214},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16217,16218],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[30,16220,16221,16224,16227],{},[33,16222,16223],{},"labels are not needed",[33,16225,16226],{},"you mostly care about position",[33,16228,16229],{},"order matters more than named fields",[50,16231,2661],{"id":2660},[20,16233,16234],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[30,16236,16237,16240,16243,16246,16249],{},[33,16238,16239],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[33,16241,16242],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[33,16244,16245],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[33,16247,16248],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[33,16250,16251,16252,16254],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16253,272],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[428,16256,16258],{"id":16257},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16260,16261],{},"Wrong:",[55,16263,16265],{"className":57,"code":16264,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16266,16267],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,16268,16269],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,16270,16264],{"class":136},[20,16272,16273],{},"Correct:",[55,16275,16277],{"className":57,"code":16276,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16278,16279,16303],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,16280,16281,16283,16285,16287,16289,16291,16293,16295,16297,16299,16301],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,16282,12477],{"class":70},[64,16284,75],{"class":74},[64,16286,10098],{"class":78},[64,16288,2686],{"class":320},[64,16290,7267],{"class":329},[64,16292,2686],{"class":320},[64,16294,160],{"class":78},[64,16296,3184],{"class":320},[64,16298,12494],{"class":329},[64,16300,2686],{"class":320},[64,16302,8915],{"class":78},[64,16304,16305,16307,16309,16311],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,16306,125],{"class":108},[64,16308,112],{"class":78},[64,16310,13241],{"class":115},[64,16312,119],{"class":78},[428,16314,16316],{"id":16315},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16318,16261],{},[55,16320,16322],{"className":57,"code":16321,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16323,16324],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,16325,16326],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,16327,16321],{"class":136},[20,16329,16330,16331,16333,16334,16336],{},"This only works if ",[15,16332,7267],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16335,14856],{},", use quotes.",[20,16338,16273],{},[55,16340,16341],{"className":57,"code":16276,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,16342,16343,16367],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,16344,16345,16347,16349,16351,16353,16355,16357,16359,16361,16363,16365],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,16346,12477],{"class":70},[64,16348,75],{"class":74},[64,16350,10098],{"class":78},[64,16352,2686],{"class":320},[64,16354,7267],{"class":329},[64,16356,2686],{"class":320},[64,16358,160],{"class":78},[64,16360,3184],{"class":320},[64,16362,12494],{"class":329},[64,16364,2686],{"class":320},[64,16366,8915],{"class":78},[64,16368,16369,16371,16373,16375],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,16370,125],{"class":108},[64,16372,112],{"class":78},[64,16374,13241],{"class":115},[64,16376,119],{"class":78},[428,16378,16380],{"id":16379},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[55,16382,16384],{"className":57,"code":16383,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16385,16386,16418],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,16387,16388,16390,16392,16394,16396,16398,16400,16402,16404,16406,16408,16410,16412,16414,16416],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,16389,8771],{"class":70},[64,16391,75],{"class":74},[64,16393,10098],{"class":78},[64,16395,2686],{"class":320},[64,16397,8905],{"class":329},[64,16399,2686],{"class":320},[64,16401,160],{"class":78},[64,16403,7390],{"class":82},[64,16405,86],{"class":78},[64,16407,3184],{"class":320},[64,16409,8905],{"class":329},[64,16411,2686],{"class":320},[64,16413,160],{"class":78},[64,16415,7395],{"class":82},[64,16417,8915],{"class":78},[64,16419,16420,16422,16424,16426],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,16421,125],{"class":108},[64,16423,112],{"class":78},[64,16425,8810],{"class":115},[64,16427,119],{"class":78},[20,16429,16430],{},[221,16431,384],{},[55,16433,16435],{"className":57,"code":16434,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16436,16437],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,16438,16439,16441,16443,16445,16447,16449,16451],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,16440,8884],{"class":78},[64,16442,333],{"class":320},[64,16444,8905],{"class":329},[64,16446,333],{"class":320},[64,16448,160],{"class":78},[64,16450,7395],{"class":82},[64,16452,8915],{"class":78},[50,16454,16456],{"id":16455},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16458,16459],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[55,16461,16463],{"className":57,"code":16462,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16464,16465,16501,16505,16515,16529,16544,16558],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,16466,16467,16469,16471,16473,16475,16477,16479,16481,16483,16485,16487,16489,16491,16493,16495,16497,16499],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,16468,11336],{"class":70},[64,16470,75],{"class":74},[64,16472,10098],{"class":78},[64,16474,2686],{"class":320},[64,16476,7267],{"class":329},[64,16478,2686],{"class":320},[64,16480,160],{"class":78},[64,16482,3184],{"class":320},[64,16484,12494],{"class":329},[64,16486,2686],{"class":320},[64,16488,86],{"class":78},[64,16490,3184],{"class":320},[64,16492,8905],{"class":329},[64,16494,2686],{"class":320},[64,16496,160],{"class":78},[64,16498,7390],{"class":82},[64,16500,8915],{"class":78},[64,16502,16503],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,16504,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,16506,16507,16509,16511,16513],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,16508,125],{"class":108},[64,16510,112],{"class":78},[64,16512,11060],{"class":115},[64,16514,119],{"class":78},[64,16516,16517,16519,16521,16523,16525,16527],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,16518,125],{"class":108},[64,16520,112],{"class":78},[64,16522,3052],{"class":357},[64,16524,112],{"class":78},[64,16526,11060],{"class":115},[64,16528,471],{"class":78},[64,16530,16531,16533,16535,16537,16539,16542],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,16532,125],{"class":108},[64,16534,112],{"class":78},[64,16536,11060],{"class":115},[64,16538,148],{"class":78},[64,16540,16541],{"class":115},"keys",[64,16543,6792],{"class":78},[64,16545,16546,16548,16550,16552,16554,16556],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,16547,125],{"class":108},[64,16549,112],{"class":78},[64,16551,11060],{"class":115},[64,16553,148],{"class":78},[64,16555,4951],{"class":115},[64,16557,6792],{"class":78},[64,16559,16560,16562,16564,16566,16568,16570],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,16561,125],{"class":108},[64,16563,112],{"class":78},[64,16565,10771],{"class":108},[64,16567,112],{"class":78},[64,16569,11060],{"class":115},[64,16571,471],{"class":78},[20,16573,16574],{},[221,16575,16576],{},"Example output:",[55,16578,16580],{"className":57,"code":16579,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16581,16582,16614,16628,16651,16670],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,16583,16584,16586,16588,16590,16592,16594,16596,16598,16600,16602,16604,16606,16608,16610,16612],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,16585,8884],{"class":78},[64,16587,333],{"class":320},[64,16589,7267],{"class":329},[64,16591,333],{"class":320},[64,16593,160],{"class":78},[64,16595,326],{"class":320},[64,16597,12494],{"class":329},[64,16599,333],{"class":320},[64,16601,86],{"class":78},[64,16603,326],{"class":320},[64,16605,8905],{"class":329},[64,16607,333],{"class":320},[64,16609,160],{"class":78},[64,16611,7390],{"class":82},[64,16613,8915],{"class":78},[64,16615,16616,16618,16620,16622,16624,16626],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,16617,3121],{"class":74},[64,16619,3124],{"class":1895},[64,16621,326],{"class":320},[64,16623,8426],{"class":329},[64,16625,333],{"class":320},[64,16627,3133],{"class":74},[64,16629,16630,16633,16635,16637,16639,16641,16643,16645,16647,16649],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,16631,16632],{"class":115},"dict_keys",[64,16634,354],{"class":78},[64,16636,333],{"class":320},[64,16638,7267],{"class":329},[64,16640,333],{"class":320},[64,16642,86],{"class":78},[64,16644,326],{"class":320},[64,16646,8905],{"class":329},[64,16648,333],{"class":320},[64,16650,381],{"class":78},[64,16652,16653,16656,16658,16660,16662,16664,16666,16668],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,16654,16655],{"class":115},"dict_values",[64,16657,354],{"class":78},[64,16659,333],{"class":320},[64,16661,12494],{"class":329},[64,16663,333],{"class":320},[64,16665,86],{"class":78},[64,16667,7390],{"class":82},[64,16669,381],{"class":78},[64,16671,16672],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,16673,16674],{"class":82},"2\n",[20,16676,16677,16678,2020,16684,16690,16691,148],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[285,16679,10345,16681],{"href":16680},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,16682,16683],{},"keys()",[285,16685,10345,16687],{"href":16686},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,16688,16689],{},"values()",", and ",[285,16692,10345,16694],{"href":16693},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,16695,16696],{},"items()",[50,16698,1651],{"id":1650},[428,16700,16702],{"id":16701},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,16704,1923,16705,212,16707,16709],{},[15,16706,272],{},[15,16708,8725],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[428,16711,16713],{"id":16712},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,16715,16716,16717,148],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,16718,16719],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[428,16721,16723],{"id":16722},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,16725,16726],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[428,16728,16730],{"id":16729},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,16732,16733],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[428,16735,1694,16737,896,16739,1677],{"id":16736},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,16738,272],{},[15,16740,8725],{},[20,16742,16743,16745,16746,16748],{},[15,16744,272],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,16747,8725],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[50,16750,1717],{"id":1716},[30,16752,16753,16757,16763,16767,16773],{},[33,16754,16755],{},[285,16756,8761],{"href":8760},[33,16758,16759],{},[285,16760,10345,16761,10349],{"href":10344},[15,16762,10348],{},[33,16764,16765],{},[285,16766,10861],{"href":10339},[33,16768,16769],{},[285,16770,16772],{"href":16771},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[33,16774,16775],{},[285,16776,10872],{"href":10683},[20,16778,16779],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1751,16781,16782],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code 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var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":16784},[16785,16786,16787,16788,16791,16794,16799,16800,16805,16806,16811,16812,16820],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":14778,"depth":100,"text":14779},{"id":14796,"depth":100,"text":14784},{"id":14881,"depth":100,"text":14882,"children":16789},[16790],{"id":15033,"depth":122,"text":15034},{"id":9008,"depth":100,"text":9009,"children":16792},[16793],{"id":15212,"depth":122,"text":15213},{"id":15325,"depth":100,"text":16795,"children":16796},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[16797],{"id":15452,"depth":122,"text":16798},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9050,"depth":100,"text":9051},{"id":15806,"depth":100,"text":15807,"children":16801},[16802,16803,16804],{"id":15827,"depth":122,"text":15828},{"id":15929,"depth":122,"text":15930},{"id":16011,"depth":122,"text":16012},{"id":16097,"depth":100,"text":16098},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661,"children":16807},[16808,16809,16810],{"id":16257,"depth":122,"text":16258},{"id":16315,"depth":122,"text":16316},{"id":16379,"depth":122,"text":16380},{"id":16455,"depth":100,"text":16456},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":16813},[16814,16815,16816,16817,16818],{"id":16701,"depth":122,"text":16702},{"id":16712,"depth":122,"text":16713},{"id":16722,"depth":122,"text":16723},{"id":16729,"depth":122,"text":16730},{"id":16736,"depth":122,"text":16819},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14621,"description":16821},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":16827,"title":16828,"body":16829,"description":19280,"extension":1791,"meta":19281,"navigation":346,"path":19282,"seo":19283,"stem":19284,"__hash__":19285},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":16830,"toc":19236},[16831,16837,16843,16846,16849,16851,16933,16939,16944,16948,16966,16978,16983,16987,17010,17014,17026,17034,17038,17044,17046,17049,17124,17126,17171,17173,17190,17195,17201,17206,17280,17282,17327,17330,17341,17343,17462,17464,17517,17524,17528,17531,17548,17554,17558,17656,17658,17710,17717,17721,17727,17730,17733,17760,17765,17769,17772,17876,17878,17923,17926,17929,17934,17939,17950,17952,18013,18073,18079,18087,18093,18098,18103,18163,18167,18234,18237,18241,18312,18315,18328,18335,18337,18341,18345,18416,18418,18455,18458,18461,18524,18531,18534,18576,18586,18589,18658,18664,18669,18753,18755,18804,18811,18817,18862,18864,18897,18902,18906,18912,18951,18995,19063,19106,19108,19114,19117,19121,19126,19130,19133,19137,19139,19200,19202,19228,19233],[10,16832,10928,16834,10932],{"id":16833},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,16835,16836],{},"fromkeys()",[20,16838,16839,16842],{},[15,16840,16841],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,16844,16845],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,16847,16848],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[50,16850,1833],{"id":1832},[55,16852,16854],{"className":57,"code":16853,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,16855,16856,16889,16917,16928],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,16857,16858,16861,16863,16865,16867,16869,16871,16873,16875,16877,16879,16881,16883,16885,16887],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,16859,16860],{"class":70},"keys ",[64,16862,75],{"class":74},[64,16864,79],{"class":78},[64,16866,2686],{"class":320},[64,16868,7267],{"class":329},[64,16870,2686],{"class":320},[64,16872,86],{"class":78},[64,16874,3184],{"class":320},[64,16876,8905],{"class":329},[64,16878,2686],{"class":320},[64,16880,86],{"class":78},[64,16882,3184],{"class":320},[64,16884,10016],{"class":329},[64,16886,2686],{"class":320},[64,16888,97],{"class":78},[64,16890,16891,16893,16895,16897,16899,16902,16904,16906,16908,16910,16913,16915],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,16892,12819],{"class":70},[64,16894,75],{"class":74},[64,16896,8776],{"class":357},[64,16898,148],{"class":78},[64,16900,16901],{"class":115},"fromkeys",[64,16903,112],{"class":78},[64,16905,16541],{"class":115},[64,16907,86],{"class":78},[64,16909,3184],{"class":320},[64,16911,16912],{"class":329},"unknown",[64,16914,2686],{"class":320},[64,16916,119],{"class":78},[64,16918,16919,16921,16923,16926],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,16920,125],{"class":108},[64,16922,112],{"class":78},[64,16924,16925],{"class":115},"person",[64,16927,119],{"class":78},[64,16929,16930],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,16931,16932],{"class":136},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,16934,1923,16935,16938],{},[15,16936,16937],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[50,16940,152,16942,155],{"id":16941},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,16943,16841],{},[20,16945,16946,160],{},[15,16947,16841],{},[30,16949,16950,16953,16956,16959],{},[33,16951,16952],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[33,16954,16955],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[33,16957,16958],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[33,16960,16961,16962,16965],{},"Is called as ",[15,16963,16964],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,16967,16968,16969,16971,16972,16974,16975,148],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,16970,8426],{},", so you write ",[15,16973,16964],{}," instead of something like ",[15,16976,16977],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,16979,16980,16981,148],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[285,16982,8761],{"href":12637},[50,16984,16986],{"id":16985},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[55,16988,16990],{"className":57,"code":16989,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,16991,16992],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,16993,16994,16996,16998,17000,17002,17004,17006,17008],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,16995,8426],{"class":357},[64,16997,148],{"class":78},[64,16999,16901],{"class":115},[64,17001,112],{"class":78},[64,17003,197],{"class":115},[64,17005,86],{"class":78},[64,17007,8036],{"class":115},[64,17009,119],{"class":78},[428,17011,17013],{"id":17012},"parameters","Parameters",[30,17015,17016,17021],{},[33,17017,17018,17020],{},[15,17019,197],{},": the keys to use",[33,17022,17023,17025],{},[15,17024,2302],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17027,17028,17029,17031,17032,148],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17030,2302],{},", each key gets ",[15,17033,258],{},[428,17035,17037],{"id":17036},"return-value","Return value",[20,17039,17040,17041,148],{},"It returns a ",[221,17042,17043],{},"new dictionary",[50,17045,5381],{"id":5380},[20,17047,17048],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[55,17050,17052],{"className":57,"code":17051,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17053,17054,17087,17109,17113],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,17055,17056,17058,17060,17062,17064,17066,17068,17070,17072,17075,17077,17079,17081,17083,17085],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,17057,16860],{"class":70},[64,17059,75],{"class":74},[64,17061,79],{"class":78},[64,17063,2686],{"class":320},[64,17065,12707],{"class":329},[64,17067,2686],{"class":320},[64,17069,86],{"class":78},[64,17071,3184],{"class":320},[64,17073,17074],{"class":329},"green",[64,17076,2686],{"class":320},[64,17078,86],{"class":78},[64,17080,3184],{"class":320},[64,17082,12724],{"class":329},[64,17084,2686],{"class":320},[64,17086,97],{"class":78},[64,17088,17089,17091,17093,17095,17097,17099,17101,17103,17105,17107],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,17090,12690],{"class":70},[64,17092,75],{"class":74},[64,17094,8776],{"class":357},[64,17096,148],{"class":78},[64,17098,16901],{"class":115},[64,17100,112],{"class":78},[64,17102,16541],{"class":115},[64,17104,86],{"class":78},[64,17106,315],{"class":82},[64,17108,119],{"class":78},[64,17110,17111],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,17112,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,17114,17115,17117,17119,17122],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,17116,125],{"class":108},[64,17118,112],{"class":78},[64,17120,17121],{"class":115},"colors",[64,17123,119],{"class":78},[20,17125,384],{},[55,17127,17129],{"className":57,"code":17128,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17130,17131],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,17132,17133,17135,17137,17139,17141,17143,17145,17147,17149,17151,17153,17155,17157,17159,17161,17163,17165,17167,17169],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,17134,8884],{"class":78},[64,17136,333],{"class":320},[64,17138,12707],{"class":329},[64,17140,333],{"class":320},[64,17142,160],{"class":78},[64,17144,315],{"class":82},[64,17146,86],{"class":78},[64,17148,326],{"class":320},[64,17150,17074],{"class":329},[64,17152,333],{"class":320},[64,17154,160],{"class":78},[64,17156,315],{"class":82},[64,17158,86],{"class":78},[64,17160,326],{"class":320},[64,17162,12724],{"class":329},[64,17164,333],{"class":320},[64,17166,160],{"class":78},[64,17168,315],{"class":82},[64,17170,8915],{"class":78},[20,17172,11295],{},[30,17174,17175,17180,17185],{},[33,17176,17177,17179],{},[15,17178,16541],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[33,17181,17182,17184],{},[15,17183,243],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[33,17186,17187,17189],{},[15,17188,16841],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17191,17192,17193,148],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[285,17194,8998],{"href":12640},[50,17196,8020,17198,17200],{"id":17197},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17199,16836],{}," without a value",[20,17202,17203,17204,148],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17205,258],{},[55,17207,17209],{"className":57,"code":17208,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17210,17211,17245,17265,17269],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,17212,17213,17216,17218,17220,17222,17224,17226,17228,17230,17232,17234,17236,17238,17241,17243],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,17214,17215],{"class":70},"fields ",[64,17217,75],{"class":74},[64,17219,79],{"class":78},[64,17221,2686],{"class":320},[64,17223,7586],{"class":329},[64,17225,2686],{"class":320},[64,17227,86],{"class":78},[64,17229,3184],{"class":320},[64,17231,14875],{"class":329},[64,17233,2686],{"class":320},[64,17235,86],{"class":78},[64,17237,3184],{"class":320},[64,17239,17240],{"class":329},"password",[64,17242,2686],{"class":320},[64,17244,97],{"class":78},[64,17246,17247,17250,17252,17254,17256,17258,17260,17263],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,17248,17249],{"class":70},"user_data ",[64,17251,75],{"class":74},[64,17253,8776],{"class":357},[64,17255,148],{"class":78},[64,17257,16901],{"class":115},[64,17259,112],{"class":78},[64,17261,17262],{"class":115},"fields",[64,17264,119],{"class":78},[64,17266,17267],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,17268,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,17270,17271,17273,17275,17278],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,17272,125],{"class":108},[64,17274,112],{"class":78},[64,17276,17277],{"class":115},"user_data",[64,17279,119],{"class":78},[20,17281,384],{},[55,17283,17285],{"className":57,"code":17284,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17286,17287],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,17288,17289,17291,17293,17295,17297,17299,17301,17303,17305,17307,17309,17311,17313,17315,17317,17319,17321,17323,17325],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,17290,8884],{"class":78},[64,17292,333],{"class":320},[64,17294,7586],{"class":329},[64,17296,333],{"class":320},[64,17298,160],{"class":78},[64,17300,339],{"class":338},[64,17302,86],{"class":78},[64,17304,326],{"class":320},[64,17306,14875],{"class":329},[64,17308,333],{"class":320},[64,17310,160],{"class":78},[64,17312,339],{"class":338},[64,17314,86],{"class":78},[64,17316,326],{"class":320},[64,17318,17240],{"class":329},[64,17320,333],{"class":320},[64,17322,160],{"class":78},[64,17324,339],{"class":338},[64,17326,8915],{"class":78},[20,17328,17329],{},"This is useful when:",[30,17331,17332,17335,17338],{},[33,17333,17334],{},"You want to create the keys first",[33,17336,17337],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[33,17339,17340],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17342,916],{},[55,17344,17346],{"className":57,"code":17345,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17347,17348,17380,17398,17402,17425,17448,17452],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,17349,17350,17352,17354,17356,17358,17360,17362,17364,17366,17368,17370,17372,17374,17376,17378],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,17351,17215],{"class":70},[64,17353,75],{"class":74},[64,17355,79],{"class":78},[64,17357,2686],{"class":320},[64,17359,7586],{"class":329},[64,17361,2686],{"class":320},[64,17363,86],{"class":78},[64,17365,3184],{"class":320},[64,17367,14875],{"class":329},[64,17369,2686],{"class":320},[64,17371,86],{"class":78},[64,17373,3184],{"class":320},[64,17375,17240],{"class":329},[64,17377,2686],{"class":320},[64,17379,97],{"class":78},[64,17381,17382,17384,17386,17388,17390,17392,17394,17396],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,17383,17249],{"class":70},[64,17385,75],{"class":74},[64,17387,8776],{"class":357},[64,17389,148],{"class":78},[64,17391,16901],{"class":115},[64,17393,112],{"class":78},[64,17395,17262],{"class":115},[64,17397,119],{"class":78},[64,17399,17400],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,17401,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,17403,17404,17406,17408,17410,17412,17414,17416,17418,17420,17423],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,17405,17277],{"class":70},[64,17407,394],{"class":78},[64,17409,2686],{"class":320},[64,17411,7586],{"class":329},[64,17413,2686],{"class":320},[64,17415,12888],{"class":78},[64,17417,12891],{"class":74},[64,17419,3184],{"class":320},[64,17421,17422],{"class":329},"alice",[64,17424,3190],{"class":320},[64,17426,17427,17429,17431,17433,17435,17437,17439,17441,17443,17446],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,17428,17277],{"class":70},[64,17430,394],{"class":78},[64,17432,2686],{"class":320},[64,17434,14875],{"class":329},[64,17436,2686],{"class":320},[64,17438,12888],{"class":78},[64,17440,12891],{"class":74},[64,17442,3184],{"class":320},[64,17444,17445],{"class":329},"alice@example.com",[64,17447,3190],{"class":320},[64,17449,17450],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,17451,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,17453,17454,17456,17458,17460],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,17455,125],{"class":108},[64,17457,112],{"class":78},[64,17459,17277],{"class":115},[64,17461,119],{"class":78},[20,17463,384],{},[55,17465,17467],{"className":57,"code":17466,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17468,17469],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,17470,17471,17473,17475,17477,17479,17481,17483,17485,17487,17489,17491,17493,17495,17497,17499,17501,17503,17505,17507,17509,17511,17513,17515],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,17472,8884],{"class":78},[64,17474,333],{"class":320},[64,17476,7586],{"class":329},[64,17478,333],{"class":320},[64,17480,160],{"class":78},[64,17482,326],{"class":320},[64,17484,17422],{"class":329},[64,17486,333],{"class":320},[64,17488,86],{"class":78},[64,17490,326],{"class":320},[64,17492,14875],{"class":329},[64,17494,333],{"class":320},[64,17496,160],{"class":78},[64,17498,326],{"class":320},[64,17500,17445],{"class":329},[64,17502,333],{"class":320},[64,17504,86],{"class":78},[64,17506,326],{"class":320},[64,17508,17240],{"class":329},[64,17510,333],{"class":320},[64,17512,160],{"class":78},[64,17514,339],{"class":338},[64,17516,8915],{"class":78},[20,17518,17519,17520,148],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[285,17521,17523],{"href":17522},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[50,17525,17527],{"id":17526},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17529,17530],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[30,17532,17533,17538,17543],{},[33,17534,17535,17537],{},[15,17536,267],{}," (list)",[33,17539,17540,17542],{},[15,17541,272],{}," (dictionary)",[33,17544,17545,17547],{},[15,17546,277],{}," (set)",[20,17549,17550,17551,148],{},"All keys will point to the ",[221,17552,17553],{},"same object",[428,17555,17557],{"id":17556},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[55,17559,17561],{"className":57,"code":17560,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17562,17563,17595,17616,17620,17642,17646],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,17564,17565,17567,17569,17571,17573,17575,17577,17579,17581,17583,17585,17587,17589,17591,17593],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,17566,16860],{"class":70},[64,17568,75],{"class":74},[64,17570,79],{"class":78},[64,17572,2686],{"class":320},[64,17574,285],{"class":329},[64,17576,2686],{"class":320},[64,17578,86],{"class":78},[64,17580,3184],{"class":320},[64,17582,1269],{"class":329},[64,17584,2686],{"class":320},[64,17586,86],{"class":78},[64,17588,3184],{"class":320},[64,17590,9346],{"class":329},[64,17592,2686],{"class":320},[64,17594,97],{"class":78},[64,17596,17597,17599,17601,17603,17605,17607,17609,17611,17613],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,17598,8771],{"class":70},[64,17600,75],{"class":74},[64,17602,8776],{"class":357},[64,17604,148],{"class":78},[64,17606,16901],{"class":115},[64,17608,112],{"class":78},[64,17610,16541],{"class":115},[64,17612,86],{"class":78},[64,17614,17615],{"class":78}," [])\n",[64,17617,17618],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,17619,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,17621,17622,17624,17626,17628,17630,17632,17634,17636,17638,17640],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,17623,8810],{"class":70},[64,17625,394],{"class":78},[64,17627,2686],{"class":320},[64,17629,285],{"class":329},[64,17631,2686],{"class":320},[64,17633,13165],{"class":78},[64,17635,13168],{"class":115},[64,17637,112],{"class":78},[64,17639,83],{"class":82},[64,17641,119],{"class":78},[64,17643,17644],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,17645,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,17647,17648,17650,17652,17654],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,17649,125],{"class":108},[64,17651,112],{"class":78},[64,17653,8810],{"class":115},[64,17655,119],{"class":78},[20,17657,384],{},[55,17659,17661],{"className":57,"code":17660,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17662,17663],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,17664,17665,17667,17669,17671,17673,17675,17677,17679,17682,17684,17686,17688,17690,17692,17694,17696,17698,17700,17702,17704,17706,17708],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,17666,8884],{"class":78},[64,17668,333],{"class":320},[64,17670,285],{"class":329},[64,17672,333],{"class":320},[64,17674,160],{"class":78},[64,17676,79],{"class":78},[64,17678,83],{"class":82},[64,17680,17681],{"class":78},"],",[64,17683,326],{"class":320},[64,17685,1269],{"class":329},[64,17687,333],{"class":320},[64,17689,160],{"class":78},[64,17691,79],{"class":78},[64,17693,83],{"class":82},[64,17695,17681],{"class":78},[64,17697,326],{"class":320},[64,17699,9346],{"class":329},[64,17701,333],{"class":320},[64,17703,160],{"class":78},[64,17705,79],{"class":78},[64,17707,83],{"class":82},[64,17709,13321],{"class":78},[20,17711,17712,17713,17716],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,17714,17715],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[428,17718,17720],{"id":17719},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,17722,17723,17726],{},[15,17724,17725],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,17728,17729],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,17731,17732],{},"So this:",[55,17734,17736],{"className":57,"code":17735,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,17737,17738],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,17739,17740,17742,17744,17746,17748,17750,17752,17754,17756,17758],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,17741,8810],{"class":70},[64,17743,394],{"class":78},[64,17745,2686],{"class":320},[64,17747,285],{"class":329},[64,17749,2686],{"class":320},[64,17751,13165],{"class":78},[64,17753,13168],{"class":115},[64,17755,112],{"class":78},[64,17757,83],{"class":82},[64,17759,119],{"class":78},[20,17761,17762,17763,148],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,17764,17715],{},[428,17766,17768],{"id":17767},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,17770,17771],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[55,17773,17775],{"className":57,"code":17774,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17776,17777,17809,17836,17840,17862,17866],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,17778,17779,17781,17783,17785,17787,17789,17791,17793,17795,17797,17799,17801,17803,17805,17807],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,17780,16860],{"class":70},[64,17782,75],{"class":74},[64,17784,79],{"class":78},[64,17786,2686],{"class":320},[64,17788,285],{"class":329},[64,17790,2686],{"class":320},[64,17792,86],{"class":78},[64,17794,3184],{"class":320},[64,17796,1269],{"class":329},[64,17798,2686],{"class":320},[64,17800,86],{"class":78},[64,17802,3184],{"class":320},[64,17804,9346],{"class":329},[64,17806,2686],{"class":320},[64,17808,97],{"class":78},[64,17810,17811,17813,17815,17817,17819,17821,17824,17826,17829,17831,17834],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,17812,8771],{"class":70},[64,17814,75],{"class":74},[64,17816,10098],{"class":78},[64,17818,14457],{"class":70},[64,17820,160],{"class":78},[64,17822,17823],{"class":78}," []",[64,17825,369],{"class":368},[64,17827,17828],{"class":70}," key ",[64,17830,375],{"class":368},[64,17832,17833],{"class":70}," keys",[64,17835,8915],{"class":78},[64,17837,17838],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,17839,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,17841,17842,17844,17846,17848,17850,17852,17854,17856,17858,17860],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,17843,8810],{"class":70},[64,17845,394],{"class":78},[64,17847,2686],{"class":320},[64,17849,285],{"class":329},[64,17851,2686],{"class":320},[64,17853,13165],{"class":78},[64,17855,13168],{"class":115},[64,17857,112],{"class":78},[64,17859,83],{"class":82},[64,17861,119],{"class":78},[64,17863,17864],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,17865,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,17867,17868,17870,17872,17874],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,17869,125],{"class":108},[64,17871,112],{"class":78},[64,17873,8810],{"class":115},[64,17875,119],{"class":78},[20,17877,384],{},[55,17879,17881],{"className":57,"code":17880,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,17882,17883],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,17884,17885,17887,17889,17891,17893,17895,17897,17899,17901,17903,17905,17907,17909,17912,17914,17916,17918,17920],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,17886,8884],{"class":78},[64,17888,333],{"class":320},[64,17890,285],{"class":329},[64,17892,333],{"class":320},[64,17894,160],{"class":78},[64,17896,79],{"class":78},[64,17898,83],{"class":82},[64,17900,17681],{"class":78},[64,17902,326],{"class":320},[64,17904,1269],{"class":329},[64,17906,333],{"class":320},[64,17908,160],{"class":78},[64,17910,17911],{"class":78}," [],",[64,17913,326],{"class":320},[64,17915,9346],{"class":329},[64,17917,333],{"class":320},[64,17919,160],{"class":78},[64,17921,17922],{"class":78}," []}\n",[20,17924,17925],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,17927,17928],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[50,17930,1471,17932],{"id":17931},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,17933,16836],{},[20,17935,17936,17938],{},[15,17937,16841],{}," is a good choice when:",[30,17940,17941,17944,17947],{},[33,17942,17943],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[33,17945,17946],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[33,17948,17949],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,17951,1956],{},[55,17953,17955],{"className":57,"code":17954,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,17956,17957,18002],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,17958,17959,17962,17964,17966,17968,17970,17972,17974,17977,17979,17981,17983,17985,17987,17989,17991,17994,17996,17998,18000],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,17960,17961],{"class":70},"flags ",[64,17963,75],{"class":74},[64,17965,8776],{"class":357},[64,17967,148],{"class":78},[64,17969,16901],{"class":115},[64,17971,354],{"class":78},[64,17973,2686],{"class":320},[64,17975,17976],{"class":329},"is_admin",[64,17978,2686],{"class":320},[64,17980,86],{"class":78},[64,17982,3184],{"class":320},[64,17984,14695],{"class":329},[64,17986,2686],{"class":320},[64,17988,86],{"class":78},[64,17990,3184],{"class":320},[64,17992,17993],{"class":329},"is_verified",[64,17995,2686],{"class":320},[64,17997,17681],{"class":78},[64,17999,401],{"class":338},[64,18001,119],{"class":78},[64,18003,18004,18006,18008,18011],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,18005,125],{"class":108},[64,18007,112],{"class":78},[64,18009,18010],{"class":115},"flags",[64,18012,119],{"class":78},[55,18014,18016],{"className":57,"code":18015,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18017,18018,18063],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,18019,18020,18022,18024,18026,18028,18030,18032,18034,18037,18039,18041,18043,18046,18048,18050,18052,18055,18057,18059,18061],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,18021,1574],{"class":70},[64,18023,75],{"class":74},[64,18025,8776],{"class":357},[64,18027,148],{"class":78},[64,18029,16901],{"class":115},[64,18031,354],{"class":78},[64,18033,2686],{"class":320},[64,18035,18036],{"class":329},"math",[64,18038,2686],{"class":320},[64,18040,86],{"class":78},[64,18042,3184],{"class":320},[64,18044,18045],{"class":329},"science",[64,18047,2686],{"class":320},[64,18049,86],{"class":78},[64,18051,3184],{"class":320},[64,18053,18054],{"class":329},"history",[64,18056,2686],{"class":320},[64,18058,17681],{"class":78},[64,18060,315],{"class":82},[64,18062,119],{"class":78},[64,18064,18065,18067,18069,18071],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,18066,125],{"class":108},[64,18068,112],{"class":78},[64,18070,16006],{"class":115},[64,18072,119],{"class":78},[20,18074,18075,18076,18078],{},"It is ",[221,18077,1138],{}," the best choice when:",[30,18080,18081,18084],{},[33,18082,18083],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[33,18085,18086],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[50,18088,18090,18092],{"id":18089},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18091,16836],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18094,18095,18097],{},[15,18096,16836],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[428,18099,8020,18101],{"id":18100},"using-fromkeys",[15,18102,16836],{},[55,18104,18106],{"className":57,"code":18105,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18107,18108,18153],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,18109,18110,18112,18114,18116,18118,18120,18122,18124,18127,18129,18131,18133,18136,18138,18140,18142,18145,18147,18149,18151],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,18111,13441],{"class":70},[64,18113,75],{"class":74},[64,18115,8776],{"class":357},[64,18117,148],{"class":78},[64,18119,16901],{"class":115},[64,18121,354],{"class":78},[64,18123,2686],{"class":320},[64,18125,18126],{"class":329},"sound",[64,18128,2686],{"class":320},[64,18130,86],{"class":78},[64,18132,3184],{"class":320},[64,18134,18135],{"class":329},"music",[64,18137,2686],{"class":320},[64,18139,86],{"class":78},[64,18141,3184],{"class":320},[64,18143,18144],{"class":329},"notifications",[64,18146,2686],{"class":320},[64,18148,17681],{"class":78},[64,18150,410],{"class":338},[64,18152,119],{"class":78},[64,18154,18155,18157,18159,18161],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,18156,125],{"class":108},[64,18158,112],{"class":78},[64,18160,13500],{"class":115},[64,18162,119],{"class":78},[428,18164,18166],{"id":18165},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[55,18168,18170],{"className":57,"code":18169,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18171,18172,18180,18194,18208,18220,18224],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,18173,18174,18176,18178],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,18175,13441],{"class":70},[64,18177,75],{"class":74},[64,18179,11104],{"class":78},[64,18181,18182,18184,18186,18188,18190,18192],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,18183,11109],{"class":320},[64,18185,18126],{"class":329},[64,18187,2686],{"class":320},[64,18189,160],{"class":78},[64,18191,410],{"class":338},[64,18193,11125],{"class":78},[64,18195,18196,18198,18200,18202,18204,18206],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,18197,11109],{"class":320},[64,18199,18135],{"class":329},[64,18201,2686],{"class":320},[64,18203,160],{"class":78},[64,18205,401],{"class":338},[64,18207,11125],{"class":78},[64,18209,18210,18212,18214,18216,18218],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,18211,11109],{"class":320},[64,18213,18144],{"class":329},[64,18215,2686],{"class":320},[64,18217,160],{"class":78},[64,18219,6019],{"class":338},[64,18221,18222],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,18223,8915],{"class":78},[64,18225,18226,18228,18230,18232],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,18227,125],{"class":108},[64,18229,112],{"class":78},[64,18231,13500],{"class":115},[64,18233,119],{"class":78},[20,18235,18236],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[428,18238,18240],{"id":18239},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[55,18242,18244],{"className":57,"code":18243,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18245,18246,18278,18302],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,18247,18248,18250,18252,18254,18256,18258,18260,18262,18264,18266,18268,18270,18272,18274,18276],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,18249,16860],{"class":70},[64,18251,75],{"class":74},[64,18253,79],{"class":78},[64,18255,2686],{"class":320},[64,18257,285],{"class":329},[64,18259,2686],{"class":320},[64,18261,86],{"class":78},[64,18263,3184],{"class":320},[64,18265,1269],{"class":329},[64,18267,2686],{"class":320},[64,18269,86],{"class":78},[64,18271,3184],{"class":320},[64,18273,9346],{"class":329},[64,18275,2686],{"class":320},[64,18277,97],{"class":78},[64,18279,18280,18282,18284,18286,18288,18290,18292,18294,18296,18298,18300],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,18281,8771],{"class":70},[64,18283,75],{"class":74},[64,18285,10098],{"class":78},[64,18287,14457],{"class":70},[64,18289,160],{"class":78},[64,18291,17823],{"class":78},[64,18293,369],{"class":368},[64,18295,17828],{"class":70},[64,18297,375],{"class":368},[64,18299,17833],{"class":70},[64,18301,8915],{"class":78},[64,18303,18304,18306,18308,18310],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,18305,125],{"class":108},[64,18307,112],{"class":78},[64,18309,8810],{"class":115},[64,18311,119],{"class":78},[20,18313,18314],{},"Use:",[30,18316,18317,18322,18325],{},[33,18318,18319,18321],{},[15,18320,16836],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[33,18323,18324],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[33,18326,18327],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18329,18330,18331,148],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[285,18332,10345,18333,10349],{"href":13648},[15,18334,14570],{},[50,18336,2661],{"id":2660},[20,18338,14349,18339,148],{},[15,18340,16841],{},[428,18342,18344],{"id":18343},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[55,18346,18348],{"className":57,"code":18347,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18349,18350,18383,18406],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,18351,18352,18355,18357,18359,18361,18363,18365,18367,18369,18371,18373,18375,18377,18379,18381],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,18353,18354],{"class":70},"d ",[64,18356,75],{"class":74},[64,18358,8776],{"class":357},[64,18360,148],{"class":78},[64,18362,16901],{"class":115},[64,18364,354],{"class":78},[64,18366,2686],{"class":320},[64,18368,285],{"class":329},[64,18370,2686],{"class":320},[64,18372,86],{"class":78},[64,18374,3184],{"class":320},[64,18376,1269],{"class":329},[64,18378,2686],{"class":320},[64,18380,17681],{"class":78},[64,18382,17615],{"class":78},[64,18384,18385,18388,18390,18392,18394,18396,18398,18400,18402,18404],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,18386,18387],{"class":70},"d",[64,18389,394],{"class":78},[64,18391,2686],{"class":320},[64,18393,285],{"class":329},[64,18395,2686],{"class":320},[64,18397,13165],{"class":78},[64,18399,13168],{"class":115},[64,18401,112],{"class":78},[64,18403,83],{"class":82},[64,18405,119],{"class":78},[64,18407,18408,18410,18412,18414],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,18409,125],{"class":108},[64,18411,112],{"class":78},[64,18413,18387],{"class":115},[64,18415,119],{"class":78},[20,18417,384],{},[55,18419,18421],{"className":57,"code":18420,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18422,18423],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,18424,18425,18427,18429,18431,18433,18435,18437,18439,18441,18443,18445,18447,18449,18451,18453],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,18426,8884],{"class":78},[64,18428,333],{"class":320},[64,18430,285],{"class":329},[64,18432,333],{"class":320},[64,18434,160],{"class":78},[64,18436,79],{"class":78},[64,18438,83],{"class":82},[64,18440,17681],{"class":78},[64,18442,326],{"class":320},[64,18444,1269],{"class":329},[64,18446,333],{"class":320},[64,18448,160],{"class":78},[64,18450,79],{"class":78},[64,18452,83],{"class":82},[64,18454,13321],{"class":78},[20,18456,18457],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18459,18460],{},"Use this instead:",[55,18462,18464],{"className":57,"code":18463,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18465,18466,18490,18514],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,18467,18468,18470,18472,18474,18476,18478,18480,18482,18484,18486,18488],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,18469,16860],{"class":70},[64,18471,75],{"class":74},[64,18473,79],{"class":78},[64,18475,2686],{"class":320},[64,18477,285],{"class":329},[64,18479,2686],{"class":320},[64,18481,86],{"class":78},[64,18483,3184],{"class":320},[64,18485,1269],{"class":329},[64,18487,2686],{"class":320},[64,18489,97],{"class":78},[64,18491,18492,18494,18496,18498,18500,18502,18504,18506,18508,18510,18512],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,18493,18354],{"class":70},[64,18495,75],{"class":74},[64,18497,10098],{"class":78},[64,18499,14457],{"class":70},[64,18501,160],{"class":78},[64,18503,17823],{"class":78},[64,18505,369],{"class":368},[64,18507,17828],{"class":70},[64,18509,375],{"class":368},[64,18511,17833],{"class":70},[64,18513,8915],{"class":78},[64,18515,18516,18518,18520,18522],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,18517,125],{"class":108},[64,18519,112],{"class":78},[64,18521,18387],{"class":115},[64,18523,119],{"class":78},[428,18525,18527,18528,18530],{"id":18526},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18529,16836],{}," on a list",[20,18532,18533],{},"Wrong idea:",[55,18535,18537],{"className":57,"code":18536,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18538,18539,18571],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,18540,18541,18543,18545,18547,18549,18551,18553,18555,18557,18559,18561,18563,18565,18567,18569],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,18542,16860],{"class":70},[64,18544,75],{"class":74},[64,18546,79],{"class":78},[64,18548,2686],{"class":320},[64,18550,285],{"class":329},[64,18552,2686],{"class":320},[64,18554,86],{"class":78},[64,18556,3184],{"class":320},[64,18558,1269],{"class":329},[64,18560,2686],{"class":320},[64,18562,86],{"class":78},[64,18564,3184],{"class":320},[64,18566,9346],{"class":329},[64,18568,2686],{"class":320},[64,18570,97],{"class":78},[64,18572,18573],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,18574,18575],{"class":136},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18577,18578,18580,18581,18583,18584,148],{},[15,18579,16836],{}," belongs to ",[15,18582,8426],{},", not ",[15,18585,7695],{},[20,18587,18588],{},"Correct usage:",[55,18590,18592],{"className":57,"code":18591,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18593,18594,18626,18648],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,18595,18596,18598,18600,18602,18604,18606,18608,18610,18612,18614,18616,18618,18620,18622,18624],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,18597,16860],{"class":70},[64,18599,75],{"class":74},[64,18601,79],{"class":78},[64,18603,2686],{"class":320},[64,18605,285],{"class":329},[64,18607,2686],{"class":320},[64,18609,86],{"class":78},[64,18611,3184],{"class":320},[64,18613,1269],{"class":329},[64,18615,2686],{"class":320},[64,18617,86],{"class":78},[64,18619,3184],{"class":320},[64,18621,9346],{"class":329},[64,18623,2686],{"class":320},[64,18625,97],{"class":78},[64,18627,18628,18630,18632,18634,18636,18638,18640,18642,18644,18646],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,18629,18354],{"class":70},[64,18631,75],{"class":74},[64,18633,8776],{"class":357},[64,18635,148],{"class":78},[64,18637,16901],{"class":115},[64,18639,112],{"class":78},[64,18641,16541],{"class":115},[64,18643,86],{"class":78},[64,18645,315],{"class":82},[64,18647,119],{"class":78},[64,18649,18650,18652,18654,18656],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,18651,125],{"class":108},[64,18653,112],{"class":78},[64,18655,18387],{"class":115},[64,18657,119],{"class":78},[428,18659,8056,18661,18663],{"id":18660},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18662,16836],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,18665,18666,18668],{},[15,18667,16841],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[55,18670,18672],{"className":57,"code":18671,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,18673,18674,18694,18728,18732,18742],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,18675,18676,18678,18680,18682,18684,18686,18688,18690,18692],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,18677,11698],{"class":70},[64,18679,75],{"class":74},[64,18681,10098],{"class":78},[64,18683,2686],{"class":320},[64,18685,363],{"class":329},[64,18687,2686],{"class":320},[64,18689,160],{"class":78},[64,18691,5091],{"class":82},[64,18693,8915],{"class":78},[64,18695,18696,18698,18700,18702,18704,18706,18708,18710,18712,18714,18716,18718,18720,18722,18724,18726],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,18697,12652],{"class":70},[64,18699,75],{"class":74},[64,18701,8776],{"class":357},[64,18703,148],{"class":78},[64,18705,16901],{"class":115},[64,18707,354],{"class":78},[64,18709,2686],{"class":320},[64,18711,285],{"class":329},[64,18713,2686],{"class":320},[64,18715,86],{"class":78},[64,18717,3184],{"class":320},[64,18719,1269],{"class":329},[64,18721,2686],{"class":320},[64,18723,17681],{"class":78},[64,18725,315],{"class":82},[64,18727,119],{"class":78},[64,18729,18730],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,18731,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,18733,18734,18736,18738,18740],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,18735,125],{"class":108},[64,18737,112],{"class":78},[64,18739,11745],{"class":115},[64,18741,119],{"class":78},[64,18743,18744,18746,18748,18751],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,18745,125],{"class":108},[64,18747,112],{"class":78},[64,18749,18750],{"class":115},"new_dict",[64,18752,119],{"class":78},[20,18754,384],{},[55,18756,18758],{"className":57,"code":18757,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,18759,18760,18776],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,18761,18762,18764,18766,18768,18770,18772,18774],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,18763,8884],{"class":78},[64,18765,333],{"class":320},[64,18767,363],{"class":329},[64,18769,333],{"class":320},[64,18771,160],{"class":78},[64,18773,5091],{"class":82},[64,18775,8915],{"class":78},[64,18777,18778,18780,18782,18784,18786,18788,18790,18792,18794,18796,18798,18800,18802],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,18779,8884],{"class":78},[64,18781,333],{"class":320},[64,18783,285],{"class":329},[64,18785,333],{"class":320},[64,18787,160],{"class":78},[64,18789,315],{"class":82},[64,18791,86],{"class":78},[64,18793,326],{"class":320},[64,18795,1269],{"class":329},[64,18797,333],{"class":320},[64,18799,160],{"class":78},[64,18801,315],{"class":82},[64,18803,8915],{"class":78},[20,18805,18806,18807,148],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[285,18808,10345,18809,10349],{"href":13648},[15,18810,14570],{},[428,18812,18814,18815],{"id":18813},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,18816,258],{},[55,18818,18820],{"className":57,"code":18819,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,18821,18822,18852],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,18823,18824,18826,18828,18830,18832,18834,18836,18838,18840,18842,18844,18846,18848,18850],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,18825,18354],{"class":70},[64,18827,75],{"class":74},[64,18829,8776],{"class":357},[64,18831,148],{"class":78},[64,18833,16901],{"class":115},[64,18835,354],{"class":78},[64,18837,2686],{"class":320},[64,18839,363],{"class":329},[64,18841,2686],{"class":320},[64,18843,86],{"class":78},[64,18845,3184],{"class":320},[64,18847,11357],{"class":329},[64,18849,2686],{"class":320},[64,18851,381],{"class":78},[64,18853,18854,18856,18858,18860],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,18855,125],{"class":108},[64,18857,112],{"class":78},[64,18859,18387],{"class":115},[64,18861,119],{"class":78},[20,18863,384],{},[55,18865,18867],{"className":57,"code":18866,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,18868,18869],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,18870,18871,18873,18875,18877,18879,18881,18883,18885,18887,18889,18891,18893,18895],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,18872,8884],{"class":78},[64,18874,333],{"class":320},[64,18876,363],{"class":329},[64,18878,333],{"class":320},[64,18880,160],{"class":78},[64,18882,339],{"class":338},[64,18884,86],{"class":78},[64,18886,326],{"class":320},[64,18888,11357],{"class":329},[64,18890,333],{"class":320},[64,18892,160],{"class":78},[64,18894,339],{"class":338},[64,18896,8915],{"class":78},[20,18898,18899,18900,148],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,18901,258],{},[50,18903,18905],{"id":18904},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,18907,18908,18909,18911],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,18910,16836],{}," works.",[55,18913,18915],{"className":57,"code":18914,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,18916,18917],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,18918,18919,18921,18923,18925,18927,18929,18931,18933,18935,18937,18939,18941,18943,18945,18947,18949],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,18920,125],{"class":108},[64,18922,112],{"class":78},[64,18924,8426],{"class":357},[64,18926,148],{"class":78},[64,18928,16901],{"class":115},[64,18930,354],{"class":78},[64,18932,2686],{"class":320},[64,18934,285],{"class":329},[64,18936,2686],{"class":320},[64,18938,86],{"class":78},[64,18940,3184],{"class":320},[64,18942,1269],{"class":329},[64,18944,2686],{"class":320},[64,18946,17681],{"class":78},[64,18948,315],{"class":82},[64,18950,471],{"class":78},[55,18952,18953],{"className":57,"code":18819,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,18954,18955,18985],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,18956,18957,18959,18961,18963,18965,18967,18969,18971,18973,18975,18977,18979,18981,18983],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,18958,18354],{"class":70},[64,18960,75],{"class":74},[64,18962,8776],{"class":357},[64,18964,148],{"class":78},[64,18966,16901],{"class":115},[64,18968,354],{"class":78},[64,18970,2686],{"class":320},[64,18972,363],{"class":329},[64,18974,2686],{"class":320},[64,18976,86],{"class":78},[64,18978,3184],{"class":320},[64,18980,11357],{"class":329},[64,18982,2686],{"class":320},[64,18984,381],{"class":78},[64,18986,18987,18989,18991,18993],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,18988,125],{"class":108},[64,18990,112],{"class":78},[64,18992,18387],{"class":115},[64,18994,119],{"class":78},[55,18996,18997],{"className":57,"code":18347,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,18998,18999,19031,19053],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,19000,19001,19003,19005,19007,19009,19011,19013,19015,19017,19019,19021,19023,19025,19027,19029],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,19002,18354],{"class":70},[64,19004,75],{"class":74},[64,19006,8776],{"class":357},[64,19008,148],{"class":78},[64,19010,16901],{"class":115},[64,19012,354],{"class":78},[64,19014,2686],{"class":320},[64,19016,285],{"class":329},[64,19018,2686],{"class":320},[64,19020,86],{"class":78},[64,19022,3184],{"class":320},[64,19024,1269],{"class":329},[64,19026,2686],{"class":320},[64,19028,17681],{"class":78},[64,19030,17615],{"class":78},[64,19032,19033,19035,19037,19039,19041,19043,19045,19047,19049,19051],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,19034,18387],{"class":70},[64,19036,394],{"class":78},[64,19038,2686],{"class":320},[64,19040,285],{"class":329},[64,19042,2686],{"class":320},[64,19044,13165],{"class":78},[64,19046,13168],{"class":115},[64,19048,112],{"class":78},[64,19050,83],{"class":82},[64,19052,119],{"class":78},[64,19054,19055,19057,19059,19061],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,19056,125],{"class":108},[64,19058,112],{"class":78},[64,19060,18387],{"class":115},[64,19062,119],{"class":78},[55,19064,19066],{"className":57,"code":19065,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19067,19068],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,19069,19070,19072,19074,19076,19078,19080,19082,19084,19086,19088,19090,19092,19094,19096,19098,19100,19102,19104],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,19071,125],{"class":108},[64,19073,112],{"class":78},[64,19075,3052],{"class":357},[64,19077,112],{"class":78},[64,19079,8426],{"class":357},[64,19081,148],{"class":78},[64,19083,16901],{"class":115},[64,19085,354],{"class":78},[64,19087,83],{"class":82},[64,19089,86],{"class":78},[64,19091,89],{"class":82},[64,19093,86],{"class":78},[64,19095,94],{"class":82},[64,19097,17681],{"class":78},[64,19099,3184],{"class":320},[64,19101,2302],{"class":329},[64,19103,2686],{"class":320},[64,19105,2744],{"class":78},[50,19107,1651],{"id":1650},[428,19109,12317,19111,19113],{"id":19110},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19112,16836],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19115,19116],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[428,19118,19120],{"id":19119},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19122,19123,19124,148],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19125,258],{},[428,19127,19129],{"id":19128},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19131,19132],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[428,19134,19136],{"id":19135},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19138,17771],{},[55,19140,19142],{"className":57,"code":19141,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19143,19144,19176],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,19145,19146,19148,19150,19152,19154,19156,19158,19160,19162,19164,19166,19168,19170,19172,19174],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,19147,16860],{"class":70},[64,19149,75],{"class":74},[64,19151,79],{"class":78},[64,19153,2686],{"class":320},[64,19155,285],{"class":329},[64,19157,2686],{"class":320},[64,19159,86],{"class":78},[64,19161,3184],{"class":320},[64,19163,1269],{"class":329},[64,19165,2686],{"class":320},[64,19167,86],{"class":78},[64,19169,3184],{"class":320},[64,19171,9346],{"class":329},[64,19173,2686],{"class":320},[64,19175,97],{"class":78},[64,19177,19178,19180,19182,19184,19186,19188,19190,19192,19194,19196,19198],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,19179,8771],{"class":70},[64,19181,75],{"class":74},[64,19183,10098],{"class":78},[64,19185,14457],{"class":70},[64,19187,160],{"class":78},[64,19189,17823],{"class":78},[64,19191,369],{"class":368},[64,19193,17828],{"class":70},[64,19195,375],{"class":368},[64,19197,17833],{"class":70},[64,19199,8915],{"class":78},[50,19201,1717],{"id":1716},[30,19203,19204,19208,19212,19216,19222],{},[33,19205,19206],{},[285,19207,10852],{"href":12640},[33,19209,19210],{},[285,19211,8761],{"href":12637},[33,19213,19214],{},[285,19215,10861],{"href":17522},[33,19217,19218],{},[285,19219,10345,19220,10349],{"href":13648},[15,19221,14570],{},[33,19223,19224],{},[285,19225,10345,19226,10349],{"href":14615},[15,19227,12390],{},[20,19229,1923,19230,19232],{},[15,19231,16841],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1751,19234,19235],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":19237},[19238,19239,19241,19245,19246,19248,19253,19255,19262,19271,19272,19279],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":16941,"depth":100,"text":19240},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":16985,"depth":100,"text":16986,"children":19242},[19243,19244],{"id":17012,"depth":122,"text":17013},{"id":17036,"depth":122,"text":17037},{"id":5380,"depth":100,"text":5381},{"id":17197,"depth":100,"text":19247},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17526,"depth":100,"text":17527,"children":19249},[19250,19251,19252],{"id":17556,"depth":122,"text":17557},{"id":17719,"depth":122,"text":17720},{"id":17767,"depth":122,"text":17768},{"id":17931,"depth":100,"text":19254},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18089,"depth":100,"text":19256,"children":19257},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19258,19260,19261],{"id":18100,"depth":122,"text":19259},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18165,"depth":122,"text":18166},{"id":18239,"depth":122,"text":18240},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661,"children":19263},[19264,19265,19267,19269],{"id":18343,"depth":122,"text":18344},{"id":18526,"depth":122,"text":19266},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18660,"depth":122,"text":19268},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":18813,"depth":122,"text":19270},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":18904,"depth":100,"text":18905},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":19273},[19274,19276,19277,19278],{"id":19110,"depth":122,"text":19275},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19119,"depth":122,"text":19120},{"id":19128,"depth":122,"text":19129},{"id":19135,"depth":122,"text":19136},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":16828,"description":19280},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19287,"title":19288,"body":19289,"description":21119,"extension":1791,"meta":21120,"navigation":346,"path":21121,"seo":21122,"stem":21123,"__hash__":21124},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19290,"toc":21086},[19291,19296,19302,19313,19443,19450,19455,19459,19475,19477,19575,19578,19595,19599,19601,19606,19644,19647,19665,19667,19785,19790,19794,19810,19813,19949,19952,19957,19963,19966,20003,20006,20010,20015,20091,20095,20100,20182,20184,20200,20205,20209,20215,20284,20287,20304,20307,20389,20395,20398,20418,20422,20427,20433,20439,20510,20513,20519,20522,20596,20603,20609,20617,20627,20629,20724,20730,20735,20822,20828,20830,20835,20857,20860,20955,20958,20989,21002,21004,21012,21018,21024,21027,21033,21038,21045,21050,21052,21083],[10,19292,10928,19294,10932],{"id":19293},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19295,10348],{},[20,19297,19298,19299,19301],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19300,10348],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19303,19304,19305,2020,19308,44,19310,19312],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19306,19307],{},"KeyError",[15,19309,10348],{},[15,19311,258],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[55,19314,19316],{"className":57,"code":19315,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19317,19318,19354,19358,19384,19409],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,19319,19320,19322,19324,19326,19328,19330,19332,19334,19336,19338,19340,19342,19344,19346,19348,19350,19352],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,19321,12819],{"class":70},[64,19323,75],{"class":74},[64,19325,10098],{"class":78},[64,19327,2686],{"class":320},[64,19329,7267],{"class":329},[64,19331,2686],{"class":320},[64,19333,160],{"class":78},[64,19335,3184],{"class":320},[64,19337,12494],{"class":329},[64,19339,2686],{"class":320},[64,19341,86],{"class":78},[64,19343,3184],{"class":320},[64,19345,8905],{"class":329},[64,19347,2686],{"class":320},[64,19349,160],{"class":78},[64,19351,8912],{"class":82},[64,19353,8915],{"class":78},[64,19355,19356],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,19357,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,19359,19360,19362,19364,19366,19368,19371,19373,19375,19377,19379,19381],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,19361,125],{"class":108},[64,19363,112],{"class":78},[64,19365,16925],{"class":115},[64,19367,148],{"class":78},[64,19369,19370],{"class":115},"get",[64,19372,112],{"class":78},[64,19374,2686],{"class":320},[64,19376,7267],{"class":329},[64,19378,2686],{"class":320},[64,19380,4954],{"class":78},[64,19382,19383],{"class":136},"           # Ana\n",[64,19385,19386,19388,19390,19392,19394,19396,19398,19400,19402,19404,19406],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,19387,125],{"class":108},[64,19389,112],{"class":78},[64,19391,16925],{"class":115},[64,19393,148],{"class":78},[64,19395,19370],{"class":115},[64,19397,112],{"class":78},[64,19399,2686],{"class":320},[64,19401,10016],{"class":329},[64,19403,2686],{"class":320},[64,19405,4954],{"class":78},[64,19407,19408],{"class":136},"           # None\n",[64,19410,19411,19413,19415,19417,19419,19421,19423,19425,19427,19429,19431,19433,19436,19438,19440],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,19412,125],{"class":108},[64,19414,112],{"class":78},[64,19416,16925],{"class":115},[64,19418,148],{"class":78},[64,19420,19370],{"class":115},[64,19422,112],{"class":78},[64,19424,2686],{"class":320},[64,19426,10016],{"class":329},[64,19428,2686],{"class":320},[64,19430,86],{"class":78},[64,19432,3184],{"class":320},[64,19434,19435],{"class":329},"N\u002FA",[64,19437,2686],{"class":320},[64,19439,4954],{"class":78},[64,19441,19442],{"class":136},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19444,1923,19445,19447,19448,148],{},[15,19446,10348],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19449,19307],{},[50,19451,152,19453,155],{"id":19452},"what-get-does",[15,19454,10348],{},[20,19456,1808,19457,11023],{},[15,19458,10348],{},[30,19460,19461,19464,19469,19472],{},[33,19462,19463],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[33,19465,11034,19466,19468],{},[15,19467,258],{}," if the key does not exist",[33,19470,19471],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[33,19473,19474],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19476,916],{},[55,19478,19480],{"className":57,"code":19479,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19481,19482,19521,19525,19550],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,19483,19484,19486,19488,19490,19492,19494,19496,19498,19500,19503,19505,19507,19509,19512,19514,19516,19519],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,19485,12477],{"class":70},[64,19487,75],{"class":74},[64,19489,10098],{"class":78},[64,19491,2686],{"class":320},[64,19493,7267],{"class":329},[64,19495,2686],{"class":320},[64,19497,160],{"class":78},[64,19499,3184],{"class":320},[64,19501,19502],{"class":329},"Lina",[64,19504,2686],{"class":320},[64,19506,86],{"class":78},[64,19508,3184],{"class":320},[64,19510,19511],{"class":329},"grade",[64,19513,2686],{"class":320},[64,19515,160],{"class":78},[64,19517,19518],{"class":82}," 90",[64,19520,8915],{"class":78},[64,19522,19523],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,19524,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,19526,19527,19529,19531,19533,19535,19537,19539,19541,19543,19545,19547],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,19528,125],{"class":108},[64,19530,112],{"class":78},[64,19532,13241],{"class":115},[64,19534,148],{"class":78},[64,19536,19370],{"class":115},[64,19538,112],{"class":78},[64,19540,2686],{"class":320},[64,19542,7267],{"class":329},[64,19544,2686],{"class":320},[64,19546,4954],{"class":78},[64,19548,19549],{"class":136},"     # Lina\n",[64,19551,19552,19554,19556,19558,19560,19562,19564,19566,19568,19570,19572],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,19553,125],{"class":108},[64,19555,112],{"class":78},[64,19557,13241],{"class":115},[64,19559,148],{"class":78},[64,19561,19370],{"class":115},[64,19563,112],{"class":78},[64,19565,2686],{"class":320},[64,19567,14875],{"class":329},[64,19569,2686],{"class":320},[64,19571,4954],{"class":78},[64,19573,19574],{"class":136},"    # None\n",[20,19576,19577],{},"In this example:",[30,19579,19580,19585],{},[33,19581,19582,19584],{},[15,19583,14856],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[33,19586,19587,19590,19591,44,19593],{},[15,19588,19589],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19592,10348],{},[15,19594,258],{},[20,19596,12634,19597,148],{},[285,19598,8761],{"href":8760},[50,19600,1988],{"id":1987},[20,19602,19603,19604,160],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19605,10348],{},[55,19607,19609],{"className":57,"code":19608,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19610,19611,19625],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,19612,19613,19615,19617,19619,19621,19623],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,19614,15221],{"class":70},[64,19616,148],{"class":78},[64,19618,19370],{"class":115},[64,19620,112],{"class":78},[64,19622,14457],{"class":115},[64,19624,119],{"class":78},[64,19626,19627,19629,19631,19633,19635,19637,19639,19642],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,19628,15221],{"class":70},[64,19630,148],{"class":78},[64,19632,19370],{"class":115},[64,19634,112],{"class":78},[64,19636,14457],{"class":115},[64,19638,86],{"class":78},[64,19640,19641],{"class":115}," default_value",[64,19643,119],{"class":78},[20,19645,19646],{},"What each part means:",[30,19648,19649,19654,19660],{},[33,19650,19651,19653],{},[15,19652,14457],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[33,19655,19656,19659],{},[15,19657,19658],{},"default_value"," is optional",[33,19661,19662,19663],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19664,258],{},[20,19666,916],{},[55,19668,19670],{"className":57,"code":19669,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,19671,19672,19696,19700,19725,19751],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,19673,19674,19676,19678,19680,19682,19684,19686,19688,19690,19692,19694],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,19675,13441],{"class":70},[64,19677,75],{"class":74},[64,19679,10098],{"class":78},[64,19681,2686],{"class":320},[64,19683,12107],{"class":329},[64,19685,2686],{"class":320},[64,19687,160],{"class":78},[64,19689,3184],{"class":320},[64,19691,12116],{"class":329},[64,19693,2686],{"class":320},[64,19695,8915],{"class":78},[64,19697,19698],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,19699,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,19701,19702,19704,19706,19708,19710,19712,19714,19716,19718,19720,19722],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,19703,125],{"class":108},[64,19705,112],{"class":78},[64,19707,13500],{"class":115},[64,19709,148],{"class":78},[64,19711,19370],{"class":115},[64,19713,112],{"class":78},[64,19715,2686],{"class":320},[64,19717,12107],{"class":329},[64,19719,2686],{"class":320},[64,19721,4954],{"class":78},[64,19723,19724],{"class":136},"            # dark\n",[64,19726,19727,19729,19731,19733,19735,19737,19739,19741,19744,19746,19748],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,19728,125],{"class":108},[64,19730,112],{"class":78},[64,19732,13500],{"class":115},[64,19734,148],{"class":78},[64,19736,19370],{"class":115},[64,19738,112],{"class":78},[64,19740,2686],{"class":320},[64,19742,19743],{"class":329},"language",[64,19745,2686],{"class":320},[64,19747,4954],{"class":78},[64,19749,19750],{"class":136},"         # None\n",[64,19752,19753,19755,19757,19759,19761,19763,19765,19767,19769,19771,19773,19775,19778,19780,19782],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,19754,125],{"class":108},[64,19756,112],{"class":78},[64,19758,13500],{"class":115},[64,19760,148],{"class":78},[64,19762,19370],{"class":115},[64,19764,112],{"class":78},[64,19766,2686],{"class":320},[64,19768,19743],{"class":329},[64,19770,2686],{"class":320},[64,19772,86],{"class":78},[64,19774,3184],{"class":320},[64,19776,19777],{"class":329},"en",[64,19779,2686],{"class":320},[64,19781,4954],{"class":78},[64,19783,19784],{"class":136},"   # en\n",[50,19786,1471,19788],{"id":19787},"when-to-use-get",[15,19789,10348],{},[20,19791,1923,19792,10209],{},[15,19793,10348],{},[30,19795,19796,19799,19804,19807],{},[33,19797,19798],{},"A key might not exist",[33,19800,19801,19802],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,19803,19307],{},[33,19805,19806],{},"You are reading optional data",[33,19808,19809],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,19811,19812],{},"Example with optional user data:",[55,19814,19816],{"className":57,"code":19815,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,19817,19818,19860,19864,19889,19915],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,19819,19820,19822,19824,19826,19828,19830,19832,19834,19836,19839,19841,19843,19845,19847,19849,19851,19853,19856,19858],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,19821,11099],{"class":70},[64,19823,75],{"class":74},[64,19825,10098],{"class":78},[64,19827,2686],{"class":320},[64,19829,7586],{"class":329},[64,19831,2686],{"class":320},[64,19833,160],{"class":78},[64,19835,3184],{"class":320},[64,19837,19838],{"class":329},"sam",[64,19840,2686],{"class":320},[64,19842,86],{"class":78},[64,19844,3184],{"class":320},[64,19846,14875],{"class":329},[64,19848,2686],{"class":320},[64,19850,160],{"class":78},[64,19852,3184],{"class":320},[64,19854,19855],{"class":329},"sam@example.com",[64,19857,2686],{"class":320},[64,19859,8915],{"class":78},[64,19861,19862],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,19863,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,19865,19866,19868,19870,19872,19874,19876,19878,19880,19882,19884,19886],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,19867,125],{"class":108},[64,19869,112],{"class":78},[64,19871,11193],{"class":115},[64,19873,148],{"class":78},[64,19875,19370],{"class":115},[64,19877,112],{"class":78},[64,19879,2686],{"class":320},[64,19881,7586],{"class":329},[64,19883,2686],{"class":320},[64,19885,4954],{"class":78},[64,19887,19888],{"class":136},"              # sam\n",[64,19890,19891,19893,19895,19897,19899,19901,19903,19905,19908,19910,19912],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,19892,125],{"class":108},[64,19894,112],{"class":78},[64,19896,11193],{"class":115},[64,19898,148],{"class":78},[64,19900,19370],{"class":115},[64,19902,112],{"class":78},[64,19904,2686],{"class":320},[64,19906,19907],{"class":329},"phone",[64,19909,2686],{"class":320},[64,19911,4954],{"class":78},[64,19913,19914],{"class":136},"                 # None\n",[64,19916,19917,19919,19921,19923,19925,19927,19929,19931,19933,19935,19937,19939,19942,19944,19946],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,19918,125],{"class":108},[64,19920,112],{"class":78},[64,19922,11193],{"class":115},[64,19924,148],{"class":78},[64,19926,19370],{"class":115},[64,19928,112],{"class":78},[64,19930,2686],{"class":320},[64,19932,19907],{"class":329},[64,19934,2686],{"class":320},[64,19936,86],{"class":78},[64,19938,3184],{"class":320},[64,19940,19941],{"class":329},"Not provided",[64,19943,2686],{"class":320},[64,19945,4954],{"class":78},[64,19947,19948],{"class":136}," # Not provided\n",[20,19950,19951],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,19953,19954,19955,148],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[285,19956,16215],{"href":16214},[50,19958,19960,19962],{"id":19959},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,19961,10348],{}," vs square brackets",[20,19964,19965],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[55,19967,19969],{"className":57,"code":19968,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,19970,19971,19985],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,19972,19973,19975,19977,19979,19981,19983],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,19974,8810],{"class":70},[64,19976,394],{"class":78},[64,19978,2686],{"class":320},[64,19980,14457],{"class":329},[64,19982,2686],{"class":320},[64,19984,97],{"class":78},[64,19986,19987,19989,19991,19993,19995,19997,19999,20001],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,19988,8810],{"class":70},[64,19990,148],{"class":78},[64,19992,19370],{"class":115},[64,19994,112],{"class":78},[64,19996,2686],{"class":320},[64,19998,14457],{"class":329},[64,20000,2686],{"class":320},[64,20002,119],{"class":78},[20,20004,20005],{},"The difference is important.",[428,20007,20009],{"id":20008},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20011,20012,20013,148],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20014,19307],{},[55,20016,20018],{"className":57,"code":20017,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20019,20020,20044,20048,20070],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,20021,20022,20024,20026,20028,20030,20032,20034,20036,20038,20040,20042],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,20023,8771],{"class":70},[64,20025,75],{"class":74},[64,20027,10098],{"class":78},[64,20029,2686],{"class":320},[64,20031,7267],{"class":329},[64,20033,2686],{"class":320},[64,20035,160],{"class":78},[64,20037,3184],{"class":320},[64,20039,12494],{"class":329},[64,20041,2686],{"class":320},[64,20043,8915],{"class":78},[64,20045,20046],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,20047,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,20049,20050,20052,20054,20056,20058,20060,20062,20064,20067],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,20051,125],{"class":108},[64,20053,112],{"class":78},[64,20055,8810],{"class":115},[64,20057,394],{"class":78},[64,20059,2686],{"class":320},[64,20061,7267],{"class":329},[64,20063,2686],{"class":320},[64,20065,20066],{"class":78},"])",[64,20068,20069],{"class":136},"   # Ana\n",[64,20071,20072,20074,20076,20078,20080,20082,20084,20086,20088],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,20073,125],{"class":108},[64,20075,112],{"class":78},[64,20077,8810],{"class":115},[64,20079,394],{"class":78},[64,20081,2686],{"class":320},[64,20083,10016],{"class":329},[64,20085,2686],{"class":320},[64,20087,20066],{"class":78},[64,20089,20090],{"class":136},"   # KeyError\n",[428,20092,20093],{"id":19370},[15,20094,10348],{},[20,20096,20097,20099],{},[15,20098,10348],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[55,20101,20103],{"className":57,"code":20102,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20104,20105,20129,20133,20157],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,20106,20107,20109,20111,20113,20115,20117,20119,20121,20123,20125,20127],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,20108,8771],{"class":70},[64,20110,75],{"class":74},[64,20112,10098],{"class":78},[64,20114,2686],{"class":320},[64,20116,7267],{"class":329},[64,20118,2686],{"class":320},[64,20120,160],{"class":78},[64,20122,3184],{"class":320},[64,20124,12494],{"class":329},[64,20126,2686],{"class":320},[64,20128,8915],{"class":78},[64,20130,20131],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,20132,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,20134,20135,20137,20139,20141,20143,20145,20147,20149,20151,20153,20155],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,20136,125],{"class":108},[64,20138,112],{"class":78},[64,20140,8810],{"class":115},[64,20142,148],{"class":78},[64,20144,19370],{"class":115},[64,20146,112],{"class":78},[64,20148,2686],{"class":320},[64,20150,7267],{"class":329},[64,20152,2686],{"class":320},[64,20154,4954],{"class":78},[64,20156,20069],{"class":136},[64,20158,20159,20161,20163,20165,20167,20169,20171,20173,20175,20177,20179],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,20160,125],{"class":108},[64,20162,112],{"class":78},[64,20164,8810],{"class":115},[64,20166,148],{"class":78},[64,20168,19370],{"class":115},[64,20170,112],{"class":78},[64,20172,2686],{"class":320},[64,20174,10016],{"class":329},[64,20176,2686],{"class":320},[64,20178,4954],{"class":78},[64,20180,20181],{"class":136},"   # None\n",[20,20183,18314],{},[30,20185,20186,20192],{},[33,20187,20188,20189],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[221,20190,20191],{},"must exist",[33,20193,20194,20196,20197],{},[15,20195,10348],{}," when the key is ",[221,20198,20199],{},"optional",[20,20201,20202,20203,148],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[285,20204,10872],{"href":10683},[50,20206,20208],{"id":20207},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20210,20211,20212,20214],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20213,10348],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[55,20216,20218],{"className":57,"code":20217,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20219,20220,20245,20249],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,20221,20222,20225,20227,20229,20231,20233,20235,20237,20239,20241,20243],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,20223,20224],{"class":70},"profile ",[64,20226,75],{"class":74},[64,20228,10098],{"class":78},[64,20230,2686],{"class":320},[64,20232,7267],{"class":329},[64,20234,2686],{"class":320},[64,20236,160],{"class":78},[64,20238,3184],{"class":320},[64,20240,7522],{"class":329},[64,20242,2686],{"class":320},[64,20244,8915],{"class":78},[64,20246,20247],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,20248,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,20250,20251,20253,20255,20258,20260,20262,20264,20266,20268,20270,20272,20274,20277,20279,20281],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,20252,125],{"class":108},[64,20254,112],{"class":78},[64,20256,20257],{"class":115},"profile",[64,20259,148],{"class":78},[64,20261,19370],{"class":115},[64,20263,112],{"class":78},[64,20265,2686],{"class":320},[64,20267,14878],{"class":329},[64,20269,2686],{"class":320},[64,20271,86],{"class":78},[64,20273,3184],{"class":320},[64,20275,20276],{"class":329},"Unknown",[64,20278,2686],{"class":320},[64,20280,4954],{"class":78},[64,20282,20283],{"class":136},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20285,20286],{},"This is useful for display text:",[30,20288,20289,20294,20299],{},[33,20290,20291],{},[15,20292,20293],{},"\"Unknown\"",[33,20295,20296],{},[15,20297,20298],{},"\"Not set\"",[33,20300,20301],{},[15,20302,20303],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20305,20306],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[55,20308,20310],{"className":57,"code":20309,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20311,20312,20344,20348,20375],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,20313,20314,20316,20318,20320,20322,20324,20326,20328,20330,20332,20334,20336,20338,20340,20342],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,20315,1574],{"class":70},[64,20317,75],{"class":74},[64,20319,10098],{"class":78},[64,20321,2686],{"class":320},[64,20323,18036],{"class":329},[64,20325,2686],{"class":320},[64,20327,160],{"class":78},[64,20329,5599],{"class":82},[64,20331,86],{"class":78},[64,20333,3184],{"class":320},[64,20335,18045],{"class":329},[64,20337,2686],{"class":320},[64,20339,160],{"class":78},[64,20341,5955],{"class":82},[64,20343,8915],{"class":78},[64,20345,20346],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,20347,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,20349,20350,20353,20355,20357,20359,20361,20363,20365,20367,20369,20371,20373],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,20351,20352],{"class":70},"total_history ",[64,20354,75],{"class":74},[64,20356,1621],{"class":70},[64,20358,148],{"class":78},[64,20360,19370],{"class":115},[64,20362,112],{"class":78},[64,20364,2686],{"class":320},[64,20366,18054],{"class":329},[64,20368,2686],{"class":320},[64,20370,86],{"class":78},[64,20372,315],{"class":82},[64,20374,119],{"class":78},[64,20376,20377,20379,20381,20384,20386],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,20378,125],{"class":108},[64,20380,112],{"class":78},[64,20382,20383],{"class":115},"total_history",[64,20385,133],{"class":78},[64,20387,20388],{"class":136},"   # 0\n",[20,20390,20391,20392,20394],{},"Here, ",[15,20393,243],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20396,20397],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[30,20399,20400,20403,20408,20413],{},[33,20401,20402],{},"Use a string for text",[33,20404,1923,20405,20407],{},[15,20406,243],{}," for numbers",[33,20409,1923,20410,20412],{},[15,20411,267],{}," for lists if needed",[33,20414,1923,20415,20417],{},[15,20416,272],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[50,20419,20421],{"id":20420},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20423,20424,20425,148],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20426,10348],{},[428,20428,20430,20432],{"id":20429},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20431,10348],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20434,20435,20436,20438],{},"This code does ",[221,20437,1138],{}," create a new key:",[55,20440,20442],{"className":57,"code":20441,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20443,20444,20468,20472,20497],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,20445,20446,20448,20450,20452,20454,20456,20458,20460,20462,20464,20466],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,20447,12819],{"class":70},[64,20449,75],{"class":74},[64,20451,10098],{"class":78},[64,20453,2686],{"class":320},[64,20455,7267],{"class":329},[64,20457,2686],{"class":320},[64,20459,160],{"class":78},[64,20461,3184],{"class":320},[64,20463,12494],{"class":329},[64,20465,2686],{"class":320},[64,20467,8915],{"class":78},[64,20469,20470],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,20471,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,20473,20474,20476,20478,20480,20482,20484,20486,20488,20490,20492,20494],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,20475,125],{"class":108},[64,20477,112],{"class":78},[64,20479,16925],{"class":115},[64,20481,148],{"class":78},[64,20483,19370],{"class":115},[64,20485,112],{"class":78},[64,20487,2686],{"class":320},[64,20489,10016],{"class":329},[64,20491,2686],{"class":320},[64,20493,4954],{"class":78},[64,20495,20496],{"class":136},"  # None\n",[64,20498,20499,20501,20503,20505,20507],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,20500,125],{"class":108},[64,20502,112],{"class":78},[64,20504,16925],{"class":115},[64,20506,133],{"class":78},[64,20508,20509],{"class":136},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20511,20512],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[428,20514,20516,20518],{"id":20515},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20517,10348],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20520,20521],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[55,20523,20525],{"className":57,"code":20524,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20526,20527,20553,20557,20583],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,20528,20529,20531,20533,20535,20537,20540,20542,20544,20546,20549,20551],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,20530,13441],{"class":70},[64,20532,75],{"class":74},[64,20534,10098],{"class":78},[64,20536,2686],{"class":320},[64,20538,20539],{"class":329},"mode",[64,20541,2686],{"class":320},[64,20543,160],{"class":78},[64,20545,3184],{"class":320},[64,20547,20548],{"class":329},"light",[64,20550,2686],{"class":320},[64,20552,8915],{"class":78},[64,20554,20555],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,20556,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,20558,20559,20561,20563,20565,20567,20569,20571,20573,20575,20577,20579,20581],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,20560,13500],{"class":70},[64,20562,148],{"class":78},[64,20564,19370],{"class":115},[64,20566,112],{"class":78},[64,20568,2686],{"class":320},[64,20570,12107],{"class":329},[64,20572,2686],{"class":320},[64,20574,86],{"class":78},[64,20576,3184],{"class":320},[64,20578,12116],{"class":329},[64,20580,2686],{"class":320},[64,20582,119],{"class":78},[64,20584,20585,20587,20589,20591,20593],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,20586,125],{"class":108},[64,20588,112],{"class":78},[64,20590,13500],{"class":115},[64,20592,133],{"class":78},[64,20594,20595],{"class":136},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20597,20598,20599,20602],{},"Even though ",[15,20600,20601],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[428,20604,20606,20607],{"id":20605},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20608,258],{},[20,20610,20611,20612,44,20614,20616],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20613,10348],{},[15,20615,258],{}," because:",[30,20618,20619,20622],{},[33,20620,20621],{},"The key is missing, or",[33,20623,20624,20625],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20626,258],{},[20,20628,916],{},[55,20630,20632],{"className":57,"code":20631,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20633,20634,20671,20675,20699],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,20635,20636,20638,20640,20642,20644,20646,20648,20650,20652,20654,20656,20658,20660,20663,20665,20667,20669],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,20637,8771],{"class":70},[64,20639,75],{"class":74},[64,20641,10098],{"class":78},[64,20643,2686],{"class":320},[64,20645,7267],{"class":329},[64,20647,2686],{"class":320},[64,20649,160],{"class":78},[64,20651,3184],{"class":320},[64,20653,12494],{"class":329},[64,20655,2686],{"class":320},[64,20657,86],{"class":78},[64,20659,3184],{"class":320},[64,20661,20662],{"class":329},"nickname",[64,20664,2686],{"class":320},[64,20666,160],{"class":78},[64,20668,339],{"class":338},[64,20670,8915],{"class":78},[64,20672,20673],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,20674,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,20676,20677,20679,20681,20683,20685,20687,20689,20691,20693,20695,20697],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,20678,125],{"class":108},[64,20680,112],{"class":78},[64,20682,8810],{"class":115},[64,20684,148],{"class":78},[64,20686,19370],{"class":115},[64,20688,112],{"class":78},[64,20690,2686],{"class":320},[64,20692,20662],{"class":329},[64,20694,2686],{"class":320},[64,20696,4954],{"class":78},[64,20698,20496],{"class":136},[64,20700,20701,20703,20705,20707,20709,20711,20713,20715,20717,20719,20721],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,20702,125],{"class":108},[64,20704,112],{"class":78},[64,20706,8810],{"class":115},[64,20708,148],{"class":78},[64,20710,19370],{"class":115},[64,20712,112],{"class":78},[64,20714,2686],{"class":320},[64,20716,10016],{"class":329},[64,20718,2686],{"class":320},[64,20720,4954],{"class":78},[64,20722,20723],{"class":136},"      # None\n",[20,20725,20726,20727,20729],{},"Both lines print ",[15,20728,258],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,20731,20732,20733,160],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,20734,375],{},[55,20736,20738],{"className":57,"code":20737,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,20739,20740,20776,20780,20801],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,20741,20742,20744,20746,20748,20750,20752,20754,20756,20758,20760,20762,20764,20766,20768,20770,20772,20774],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,20743,8771],{"class":70},[64,20745,75],{"class":74},[64,20747,10098],{"class":78},[64,20749,2686],{"class":320},[64,20751,7267],{"class":329},[64,20753,2686],{"class":320},[64,20755,160],{"class":78},[64,20757,3184],{"class":320},[64,20759,12494],{"class":329},[64,20761,2686],{"class":320},[64,20763,86],{"class":78},[64,20765,3184],{"class":320},[64,20767,20662],{"class":329},[64,20769,2686],{"class":320},[64,20771,160],{"class":78},[64,20773,339],{"class":338},[64,20775,8915],{"class":78},[64,20777,20778],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,20779,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,20781,20782,20784,20786,20788,20790,20792,20795,20797,20799],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,20783,125],{"class":108},[64,20785,112],{"class":78},[64,20787,2686],{"class":320},[64,20789,20662],{"class":329},[64,20791,2686],{"class":320},[64,20793,20794],{"class":368}," in",[64,20796,14182],{"class":115},[64,20798,133],{"class":78},[64,20800,137],{"class":136},[64,20802,20803,20805,20807,20809,20811,20813,20815,20817,20819],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,20804,125],{"class":108},[64,20806,112],{"class":78},[64,20808,2686],{"class":320},[64,20810,10016],{"class":329},[64,20812,2686],{"class":320},[64,20814,20794],{"class":368},[64,20816,14182],{"class":115},[64,20818,133],{"class":78},[64,20820,20821],{"class":136},"      # False\n",[20,20823,20824,20825,148],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[285,20826,20827],{"href":16771},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[50,20829,2661],{"id":2660},[20,20831,20832,20833,160],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,20834,10348],{},[30,20836,20837,20842,20849,20854],{},[33,20838,20839,20840],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,20841,19307],{},[33,20843,1212,20844,44,20846,20848],{},[15,20845,10348],{},[15,20847,258],{}," if no default is provided",[33,20850,1085,20851,20853],{},[15,20852,10348],{}," creates a key automatically",[33,20855,20856],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,20858,20859],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[55,20861,20863],{"className":57,"code":20862,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,20864,20865,20875,20889,20907,20929],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,20866,20867,20869,20871,20873],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,20868,125],{"class":108},[64,20870,112],{"class":78},[64,20872,11060],{"class":115},[64,20874,119],{"class":78},[64,20876,20877,20879,20881,20883,20885,20887],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,20878,125],{"class":108},[64,20880,112],{"class":78},[64,20882,11060],{"class":115},[64,20884,148],{"class":78},[64,20886,16541],{"class":115},[64,20888,6792],{"class":78},[64,20890,20891,20893,20895,20897,20899,20901,20903,20905],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,20892,125],{"class":108},[64,20894,112],{"class":78},[64,20896,333],{"class":320},[64,20898,7267],{"class":329},[64,20900,333],{"class":320},[64,20902,20794],{"class":368},[64,20904,11378],{"class":115},[64,20906,119],{"class":78},[64,20908,20909,20911,20913,20915,20917,20919,20921,20923,20925,20927],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,20910,125],{"class":108},[64,20912,112],{"class":78},[64,20914,11060],{"class":115},[64,20916,148],{"class":78},[64,20918,19370],{"class":115},[64,20920,112],{"class":78},[64,20922,333],{"class":320},[64,20924,7267],{"class":329},[64,20926,333],{"class":320},[64,20928,471],{"class":78},[64,20930,20931,20933,20935,20937,20939,20941,20943,20945,20947,20949,20951,20953],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,20932,125],{"class":108},[64,20934,112],{"class":78},[64,20936,3052],{"class":357},[64,20938,112],{"class":78},[64,20940,11060],{"class":115},[64,20942,148],{"class":78},[64,20944,19370],{"class":115},[64,20946,112],{"class":78},[64,20948,333],{"class":320},[64,20950,7267],{"class":329},[64,20952,333],{"class":320},[64,20954,2744],{"class":78},[20,20956,20957],{},"What these checks tell you:",[30,20959,20960,20965,20971,20977,20983],{},[33,20961,20962,20964],{},[15,20963,12292],{}," shows the full dictionary",[33,20966,20967,20970],{},[15,20968,20969],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[33,20972,20973,20976],{},[15,20974,20975],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[33,20978,20979,20982],{},[15,20980,20981],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[33,20984,20985,20988],{},[15,20986,20987],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,20990,20991,20992,896,20997,21001],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[285,20993,20994,20995,10349],{"href":16680},"the dictionary ",[15,20996,16683],{},[285,20998,20994,20999,10349],{"href":16693},[15,21000,16696],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[50,21003,1651],{"id":1650},[428,21005,12317,21007,21009,21010,1677],{"id":21006},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21008,10348],{}," raise ",[15,21011,19307],{},[20,21013,21014,21015,21017],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21016,258],{}," or the default value you provide.",[428,21019,12317,21021,21023],{"id":21020},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21022,10348],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21025,21026],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[428,21028,21030,21031,1677],{"id":21029},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21032,10348],{},[20,21034,21035,21037],{},[15,21036,258],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[428,21039,21041,21042,21044],{"id":21040},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21043,10348],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21046,1923,21047,21049],{},[15,21048,10348],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[50,21051,1717],{"id":1716},[30,21053,21054,21058,21064,21070,21074,21079],{},[33,21055,21056],{},[285,21057,8761],{"href":8760},[33,21059,21060],{},[285,21061,10345,21062,10349],{"href":16680},[15,21063,16683],{},[33,21065,21066],{},[285,21067,10345,21068,10349],{"href":16693},[15,21069,16696],{},[33,21071,21072],{},[285,21073,16772],{"href":16771},[33,21075,21076],{},[285,21077,21078],{"href":16214},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[33,21080,21081],{},[285,21082,10872],{"href":10683},[1751,21084,21085],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":21087},[21088,21090,21091,21093,21098,21099,21107,21108,21118],{"id":19452,"depth":100,"text":21089},"What get() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":19787,"depth":100,"text":21092},"When to use get()",{"id":19959,"depth":100,"text":21094,"children":21095},"get() vs square brackets",[21096,21097],{"id":20008,"depth":122,"text":20009},{"id":19370,"depth":122,"text":10348},{"id":20207,"depth":100,"text":20208},{"id":20420,"depth":100,"text":20421,"children":21100},[21101,21103,21105],{"id":20429,"depth":122,"text":21102},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20515,"depth":122,"text":21104},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20605,"depth":122,"text":21106},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":21109},[21110,21112,21114,21116],{"id":21006,"depth":122,"text":21111},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21020,"depth":122,"text":21113},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21029,"depth":122,"text":21115},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21040,"depth":122,"text":21117},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19288,"description":21119},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21126,"title":21127,"body":21128,"description":23685,"extension":1791,"meta":23686,"navigation":346,"path":23687,"seo":23688,"stem":23689,"__hash__":23690},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21129,"toc":23651},[21130,21135,21141,21147,21149,21231,21235,21252,21257,21262,21267,21269,21283,21285,21348,21352,21392,21400,21402,21404,21419,21422,21435,21437,21516,21520,21586,21588,21592,21600,21602,21613,21615,21725,21729,21808,21814,21820,21825,21938,21942,21974,21977,22084,22090,22097,22101,22104,22207,22211,22272,22275,22278,22289,22298,22301,22318,22320,22419,22423,22498,22501,22524,22529,22534,22551,22553,22674,22678,22712,22714,22719,22726,22736,22738,22816,22819,22890,22900,22903,22935,22938,22977,22983,22990,22993,23084,23088,23169,23175,23178,23181,23286,23289,23292,23414,23418,23421,23488,23492,23529,23535,23537,23543,23548,23554,23561,23567,23570,23609,23615,23618,23620,23648],[10,21131,10928,21133,10932],{"id":21132},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21134,16696],{},[20,21136,1808,21137,21140],{},[15,21138,21139],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21142,21143,21144,21146],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21145,16696],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[50,21148,1833],{"id":1832},[55,21150,21152],{"className":57,"code":21151,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21153,21154,21190,21194,21217],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,21155,21156,21158,21160,21162,21164,21166,21168,21170,21172,21174,21176,21178,21180,21182,21184,21186,21188],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,21157,12819],{"class":70},[64,21159,75],{"class":74},[64,21161,10098],{"class":78},[64,21163,2686],{"class":320},[64,21165,7267],{"class":329},[64,21167,2686],{"class":320},[64,21169,160],{"class":78},[64,21171,3184],{"class":320},[64,21173,12494],{"class":329},[64,21175,2686],{"class":320},[64,21177,86],{"class":78},[64,21179,3184],{"class":320},[64,21181,8905],{"class":329},[64,21183,2686],{"class":320},[64,21185,160],{"class":78},[64,21187,8912],{"class":82},[64,21189,8915],{"class":78},[64,21191,21192],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,21193,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,21195,21196,21198,21201,21203,21206,21208,21210,21212,21214],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,21197,5552],{"class":368},[64,21199,21200],{"class":70}," key",[64,21202,86],{"class":78},[64,21204,21205],{"class":70}," value ",[64,21207,375],{"class":368},[64,21209,12862],{"class":70},[64,21211,148],{"class":78},[64,21213,7410],{"class":115},[64,21215,21216],{"class":78},"():\n",[64,21218,21219,21221,21223,21225,21227,21229],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,21220,7670],{"class":108},[64,21222,112],{"class":78},[64,21224,14457],{"class":115},[64,21226,86],{"class":78},[64,21228,8036],{"class":115},[64,21230,119],{"class":78},[20,21232,21233],{},[221,21234,384],{},[55,21236,21238],{"className":57,"code":21237,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21239,21240,21245],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,21241,21242],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,21243,21244],{"class":70},"name Ana\n",[64,21246,21247,21250],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,21248,21249],{"class":70},"age ",[64,21251,2539],{"class":82},[20,21253,1923,21254,21256],{},[15,21255,16696],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[50,21258,152,21260,155],{"id":21259},"what-items-does",[15,21261,16696],{},[20,21263,21264,21266],{},[15,21265,16696],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21268,11069],{},[30,21270,21271,21277,21280],{},[33,21272,21273,21274],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21275,21276],{},"(key, value)",[33,21278,21279],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[33,21281,21282],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21284,916],{},[55,21286,21288],{"className":57,"code":21287,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21289,21290,21326,21330],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,21291,21292,21294,21296,21298,21300,21302,21304,21306,21308,21310,21312,21314,21316,21318,21320,21322,21324],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,21293,12819],{"class":70},[64,21295,75],{"class":74},[64,21297,10098],{"class":78},[64,21299,2686],{"class":320},[64,21301,7267],{"class":329},[64,21303,2686],{"class":320},[64,21305,160],{"class":78},[64,21307,3184],{"class":320},[64,21309,12494],{"class":329},[64,21311,2686],{"class":320},[64,21313,86],{"class":78},[64,21315,3184],{"class":320},[64,21317,8905],{"class":329},[64,21319,2686],{"class":320},[64,21321,160],{"class":78},[64,21323,8912],{"class":82},[64,21325,8915],{"class":78},[64,21327,21328],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,21329,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,21331,21332,21334,21336,21338,21340,21342,21344,21346],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,21333,125],{"class":108},[64,21335,112],{"class":78},[64,21337,7695],{"class":357},[64,21339,112],{"class":78},[64,21341,16925],{"class":115},[64,21343,148],{"class":78},[64,21345,7410],{"class":115},[64,21347,5885],{"class":78},[20,21349,21350],{},[221,21351,384],{},[55,21353,21355],{"className":57,"code":21354,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21356,21357],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,21358,21359,21362,21364,21366,21368,21370,21372,21374,21376,21378,21380,21382,21384,21386,21388,21390],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,21360,21361],{"class":78},"[(",[64,21363,333],{"class":320},[64,21365,7267],{"class":329},[64,21367,333],{"class":320},[64,21369,86],{"class":78},[64,21371,326],{"class":320},[64,21373,12494],{"class":329},[64,21375,333],{"class":320},[64,21377,8839],{"class":78},[64,21379,8842],{"class":78},[64,21381,333],{"class":320},[64,21383,8905],{"class":329},[64,21385,333],{"class":320},[64,21387,86],{"class":78},[64,21389,8912],{"class":82},[64,21391,8855],{"class":78},[20,21393,21394,21395,212,21397,148],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[285,21396,8761],{"href":12637},[285,21398,14641],{"href":21399},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[50,21401,1988],{"id":1987},[20,21403,5027],{},[55,21405,21407],{"className":57,"code":21406,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21408,21409],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,21410,21411,21413,21415,21417],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,21412,11060],{"class":70},[64,21414,148],{"class":78},[64,21416,7410],{"class":115},[64,21418,8247],{"class":78},[20,21420,21421],{},"Things to remember:",[30,21423,21424,21429,21432],{},[33,21425,21426,21428],{},[15,21427,16696],{}," does not take any arguments",[33,21430,21431],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[33,21433,21434],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21436,916],{},[55,21438,21440],{"className":57,"code":21439,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21441,21442,21474,21478,21492,21496,21506],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,21443,21444,21446,21448,21450,21452,21454,21456,21458,21460,21462,21464,21466,21468,21470,21472],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,21445,1574],{"class":70},[64,21447,75],{"class":74},[64,21449,10098],{"class":78},[64,21451,2686],{"class":320},[64,21453,1514],{"class":329},[64,21455,2686],{"class":320},[64,21457,160],{"class":78},[64,21459,19518],{"class":82},[64,21461,86],{"class":78},[64,21463,3184],{"class":320},[64,21465,1523],{"class":329},[64,21467,2686],{"class":320},[64,21469,160],{"class":78},[64,21471,13122],{"class":82},[64,21473,8915],{"class":78},[64,21475,21476],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,21477,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,21479,21480,21482,21484,21486,21488,21490],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,21481,103],{"class":70},[64,21483,75],{"class":74},[64,21485,1621],{"class":70},[64,21487,148],{"class":78},[64,21489,7410],{"class":115},[64,21491,8247],{"class":78},[64,21493,21494],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,21495,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,21497,21498,21500,21502,21504],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,21499,125],{"class":108},[64,21501,112],{"class":78},[64,21503,130],{"class":115},[64,21505,119],{"class":78},[64,21507,21508,21510,21512,21514],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,21509,125],{"class":108},[64,21511,112],{"class":78},[64,21513,16006],{"class":115},[64,21515,119],{"class":78},[20,21517,21518],{},[221,21519,384],{},[55,21521,21523],{"className":57,"code":21522,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21524,21525,21558],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,21526,21527,21530,21532,21534,21536,21538,21540,21542,21544,21546,21548,21550,21552,21554,21556],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,21528,21529],{"class":115},"dict_items",[64,21531,9264],{"class":78},[64,21533,333],{"class":320},[64,21535,1514],{"class":329},[64,21537,333],{"class":320},[64,21539,86],{"class":78},[64,21541,19518],{"class":82},[64,21543,8839],{"class":78},[64,21545,8842],{"class":78},[64,21547,333],{"class":320},[64,21549,1523],{"class":329},[64,21551,333],{"class":320},[64,21553,86],{"class":78},[64,21555,13122],{"class":82},[64,21557,10287],{"class":78},[64,21559,21560,21562,21564,21566,21568,21570,21572,21574,21576,21578,21580,21582,21584],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,21561,8884],{"class":78},[64,21563,333],{"class":320},[64,21565,1514],{"class":329},[64,21567,333],{"class":320},[64,21569,160],{"class":78},[64,21571,19518],{"class":82},[64,21573,86],{"class":78},[64,21575,326],{"class":320},[64,21577,1523],{"class":329},[64,21579,333],{"class":320},[64,21581,160],{"class":78},[64,21583,13122],{"class":82},[64,21585,8915],{"class":78},[20,21587,20512],{},[50,21589,21591],{"id":21590},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21593,21594,21596,21597,21599],{},[15,21595,16696],{}," returns a ",[15,21598,21529],{}," view object.",[20,21601,1938],{},[30,21603,21604,21607,21610],{},[33,21605,21606],{},"You can loop over it",[33,21608,21609],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[33,21611,21612],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21614,916],{},[55,21616,21618],{"className":57,"code":21617,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21619,21620,21652,21666,21670,21684,21688,21707,21711],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,21621,21622,21624,21626,21628,21630,21632,21634,21636,21638,21640,21642,21644,21646,21648,21650],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,21623,8771],{"class":70},[64,21625,75],{"class":74},[64,21627,10098],{"class":78},[64,21629,2686],{"class":320},[64,21631,363],{"class":329},[64,21633,2686],{"class":320},[64,21635,160],{"class":78},[64,21637,5091],{"class":82},[64,21639,86],{"class":78},[64,21641,3184],{"class":320},[64,21643,11357],{"class":329},[64,21645,2686],{"class":320},[64,21647,160],{"class":78},[64,21649,89],{"class":82},[64,21651,8915],{"class":78},[64,21653,21654,21656,21658,21660,21662,21664],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,21655,8821],{"class":70},[64,21657,75],{"class":74},[64,21659,14182],{"class":70},[64,21661,148],{"class":78},[64,21663,7410],{"class":115},[64,21665,8247],{"class":78},[64,21667,21668],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,21669,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,21671,21672,21674,21676,21678,21680,21682],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,21673,125],{"class":108},[64,21675,112],{"class":78},[64,21677,7695],{"class":357},[64,21679,112],{"class":78},[64,21681,8868],{"class":115},[64,21683,471],{"class":78},[64,21685,21686],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,21687,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,21689,21690,21692,21694,21696,21699,21701,21703,21705],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,21691,8810],{"class":70},[64,21693,394],{"class":78},[64,21695,2686],{"class":320},[64,21697,21698],{"class":329},"z",[64,21700,2686],{"class":320},[64,21702,12888],{"class":78},[64,21704,12891],{"class":74},[64,21706,2407],{"class":82},[64,21708,21709],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,21710,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,21712,21713,21715,21717,21719,21721,21723],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,21714,125],{"class":108},[64,21716,112],{"class":78},[64,21718,7695],{"class":357},[64,21720,112],{"class":78},[64,21722,8868],{"class":115},[64,21724,471],{"class":78},[20,21726,21727],{},[221,21728,384],{},[55,21730,21732],{"className":57,"code":21731,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,21733,21734,21764],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,21735,21736,21738,21740,21742,21744,21746,21748,21750,21752,21754,21756,21758,21760,21762],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,21737,21361],{"class":78},[64,21739,333],{"class":320},[64,21741,363],{"class":329},[64,21743,333],{"class":320},[64,21745,86],{"class":78},[64,21747,5091],{"class":82},[64,21749,8839],{"class":78},[64,21751,8842],{"class":78},[64,21753,333],{"class":320},[64,21755,11357],{"class":329},[64,21757,333],{"class":320},[64,21759,86],{"class":78},[64,21761,89],{"class":82},[64,21763,8855],{"class":78},[64,21765,21766,21768,21770,21772,21774,21776,21778,21780,21782,21784,21786,21788,21790,21792,21794,21796,21798,21800,21802,21804,21806],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,21767,21361],{"class":78},[64,21769,333],{"class":320},[64,21771,363],{"class":329},[64,21773,333],{"class":320},[64,21775,86],{"class":78},[64,21777,5091],{"class":82},[64,21779,8839],{"class":78},[64,21781,8842],{"class":78},[64,21783,333],{"class":320},[64,21785,11357],{"class":329},[64,21787,333],{"class":320},[64,21789,86],{"class":78},[64,21791,89],{"class":82},[64,21793,8839],{"class":78},[64,21795,8842],{"class":78},[64,21797,333],{"class":320},[64,21799,21698],{"class":329},[64,21801,333],{"class":320},[64,21803,86],{"class":78},[64,21805,94],{"class":82},[64,21807,8855],{"class":78},[20,21809,21810,21811,21813],{},"This happens because ",[15,21812,8868],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[50,21815,21817,21818],{"id":21816},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,21819,16696],{},[20,21821,21822,21823,160],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,21824,16696],{},[55,21826,21828],{"className":57,"code":21827,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,21829,21830,21883,21887,21907],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,21831,21832,21834,21836,21838,21840,21842,21844,21846,21848,21850,21852,21854,21856,21858,21860,21862,21864,21867,21869,21871,21873,21875,21877,21879,21881],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,21833,12477],{"class":70},[64,21835,75],{"class":74},[64,21837,10098],{"class":78},[64,21839,2686],{"class":320},[64,21841,7267],{"class":329},[64,21843,2686],{"class":320},[64,21845,160],{"class":78},[64,21847,3184],{"class":320},[64,21849,7522],{"class":329},[64,21851,2686],{"class":320},[64,21853,86],{"class":78},[64,21855,3184],{"class":320},[64,21857,19511],{"class":329},[64,21859,2686],{"class":320},[64,21861,160],{"class":78},[64,21863,3184],{"class":320},[64,21865,21866],{"class":329},"A",[64,21868,2686],{"class":320},[64,21870,86],{"class":78},[64,21872,3184],{"class":320},[64,21874,8905],{"class":329},[64,21876,2686],{"class":320},[64,21878,160],{"class":78},[64,21880,13473],{"class":82},[64,21882,8915],{"class":78},[64,21884,21885],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,21886,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,21888,21889,21891,21893,21895,21897,21899,21901,21903,21905],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,21890,5552],{"class":368},[64,21892,21200],{"class":70},[64,21894,86],{"class":78},[64,21896,21205],{"class":70},[64,21898,375],{"class":368},[64,21900,12520],{"class":70},[64,21902,148],{"class":78},[64,21904,7410],{"class":115},[64,21906,21216],{"class":78},[64,21908,21909,21911,21913,21916,21918,21920,21922,21925,21928,21930,21932,21934,21936],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,21910,7670],{"class":108},[64,21912,112],{"class":78},[64,21914,21915],{"class":1895},"f",[64,21917,2686],{"class":329},[64,21919,8884],{"class":82},[64,21921,14457],{"class":115},[64,21923,21924],{"class":82},"}",[64,21926,21927],{"class":329},": ",[64,21929,8884],{"class":82},[64,21931,2302],{"class":115},[64,21933,21924],{"class":82},[64,21935,2686],{"class":329},[64,21937,119],{"class":78},[20,21939,21940],{},[221,21941,384],{},[55,21943,21945],{"className":57,"code":21944,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,21946,21947,21956,21965],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,21948,21949,21951,21953],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,21950,7267],{"class":70},[64,21952,160],{"class":78},[64,21954,21955],{"class":70}," Mia\n",[64,21957,21958,21960,21962],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,21959,19511],{"class":70},[64,21961,160],{"class":78},[64,21963,21964],{"class":70}," A\n",[64,21966,21967,21969,21971],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,21968,8905],{"class":70},[64,21970,160],{"class":78},[64,21972,21973],{"class":82}," 14\n",[20,21975,21976],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[55,21978,21980],{"className":57,"code":21979,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,21981,21982,22034,22038,22050],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,21983,21984,21986,21988,21990,21992,21994,21996,21998,22000,22002,22004,22006,22008,22010,22012,22014,22016,22018,22020,22022,22024,22026,22028,22030,22032],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,21985,12477],{"class":70},[64,21987,75],{"class":74},[64,21989,10098],{"class":78},[64,21991,2686],{"class":320},[64,21993,7267],{"class":329},[64,21995,2686],{"class":320},[64,21997,160],{"class":78},[64,21999,3184],{"class":320},[64,22001,7522],{"class":329},[64,22003,2686],{"class":320},[64,22005,86],{"class":78},[64,22007,3184],{"class":320},[64,22009,19511],{"class":329},[64,22011,2686],{"class":320},[64,22013,160],{"class":78},[64,22015,3184],{"class":320},[64,22017,21866],{"class":329},[64,22019,2686],{"class":320},[64,22021,86],{"class":78},[64,22023,3184],{"class":320},[64,22025,8905],{"class":329},[64,22027,2686],{"class":320},[64,22029,160],{"class":78},[64,22031,13473],{"class":82},[64,22033,8915],{"class":78},[64,22035,22036],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,22037,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,22039,22040,22042,22044,22046,22048],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,22041,5552],{"class":368},[64,22043,17828],{"class":70},[64,22045,375],{"class":368},[64,22047,12520],{"class":70},[64,22049,5989],{"class":78},[64,22051,22052,22054,22056,22058,22060,22062,22064,22066,22068,22070,22072,22074,22076,22078,22080,22082],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,22053,7670],{"class":108},[64,22055,112],{"class":78},[64,22057,21915],{"class":1895},[64,22059,2686],{"class":329},[64,22061,8884],{"class":82},[64,22063,14457],{"class":115},[64,22065,21924],{"class":82},[64,22067,21927],{"class":329},[64,22069,8884],{"class":82},[64,22071,13241],{"class":115},[64,22073,394],{"class":78},[64,22075,14457],{"class":115},[64,22077,12888],{"class":78},[64,22079,21924],{"class":82},[64,22081,2686],{"class":329},[64,22083,119],{"class":78},[20,22085,6107,22086,22089],{},[15,22087,22088],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22091,22092,22093,148],{},"For a full guide, see ",[285,22094,22096],{"href":22095},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[50,22098,22100],{"id":22099},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22102,22103],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[55,22105,22107],{"className":57,"code":22106,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22108,22109,22168,22172,22192,22196],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,22110,22111,22113,22115,22117,22119,22121,22123,22125,22127,22129,22131,22133,22135,22137,22139,22141,22143,22146,22148,22150,22152,22155,22157,22159,22161,22164,22166],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,22112,12690],{"class":70},[64,22114,75],{"class":74},[64,22116,10098],{"class":78},[64,22118,2686],{"class":320},[64,22120,576],{"class":329},[64,22122,2686],{"class":320},[64,22124,160],{"class":78},[64,22126,3184],{"class":320},[64,22128,12707],{"class":329},[64,22130,2686],{"class":320},[64,22132,86],{"class":78},[64,22134,3184],{"class":320},[64,22136,585],{"class":329},[64,22138,2686],{"class":320},[64,22140,160],{"class":78},[64,22142,3184],{"class":320},[64,22144,22145],{"class":329},"yellow",[64,22147,2686],{"class":320},[64,22149,86],{"class":78},[64,22151,3184],{"class":320},[64,22153,22154],{"class":329},"grape",[64,22156,2686],{"class":320},[64,22158,160],{"class":78},[64,22160,3184],{"class":320},[64,22162,22163],{"class":329},"purple",[64,22165,2686],{"class":320},[64,22167,8915],{"class":78},[64,22169,22170],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,22171,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,22173,22174,22177,22179,22182,22184,22186,22188,22190],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,22175,22176],{"class":70},"pairs_list ",[64,22178,75],{"class":74},[64,22180,22181],{"class":357}," list",[64,22183,112],{"class":78},[64,22185,17121],{"class":115},[64,22187,148],{"class":78},[64,22189,7410],{"class":115},[64,22191,6792],{"class":78},[64,22193,22194],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,22195,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,22197,22198,22200,22202,22205],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,22199,125],{"class":108},[64,22201,112],{"class":78},[64,22203,22204],{"class":115},"pairs_list",[64,22206,119],{"class":78},[20,22208,22209],{},[221,22210,384],{},[55,22212,22214],{"className":57,"code":22213,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22215,22216],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,22217,22218,22220,22222,22224,22226,22228,22230,22232,22234,22236,22238,22240,22242,22244,22246,22248,22250,22252,22254,22256,22258,22260,22262,22264,22266,22268,22270],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,22219,21361],{"class":78},[64,22221,333],{"class":320},[64,22223,576],{"class":329},[64,22225,333],{"class":320},[64,22227,86],{"class":78},[64,22229,326],{"class":320},[64,22231,12707],{"class":329},[64,22233,333],{"class":320},[64,22235,8839],{"class":78},[64,22237,8842],{"class":78},[64,22239,333],{"class":320},[64,22241,585],{"class":329},[64,22243,333],{"class":320},[64,22245,86],{"class":78},[64,22247,326],{"class":320},[64,22249,22145],{"class":329},[64,22251,333],{"class":320},[64,22253,8839],{"class":78},[64,22255,8842],{"class":78},[64,22257,333],{"class":320},[64,22259,22154],{"class":329},[64,22261,333],{"class":320},[64,22263,86],{"class":78},[64,22265,326],{"class":320},[64,22267,22163],{"class":329},[64,22269,333],{"class":320},[64,22271,8855],{"class":78},[20,22273,22274],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22276,22277],{},"Use this when:",[30,22279,22280,22283,22286],{},[33,22281,22282],{},"You want clearer printed output",[33,22284,22285],{},"You need list behavior",[33,22287,22288],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[50,22290,22292,10193,22294,10193,22296],{"id":22291},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22293,16696],{},[15,22295,16683],{},[15,22297,16689],{},[20,22299,22300],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[30,22302,22303,22308,22313],{},[33,22304,22305,22307],{},[15,22306,16696],{}," gives both key and value",[33,22309,22310,22312],{},[15,22311,16683],{}," gives only keys",[33,22314,22315,22317],{},[15,22316,16689],{}," gives only values",[20,22319,916],{},[55,22321,22323],{"className":57,"code":22322,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22324,22325,22361,22365,22383,22401],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,22326,22327,22329,22331,22333,22335,22337,22339,22341,22343,22345,22347,22349,22351,22353,22355,22357,22359],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,22328,12819],{"class":70},[64,22330,75],{"class":74},[64,22332,10098],{"class":78},[64,22334,2686],{"class":320},[64,22336,7267],{"class":329},[64,22338,2686],{"class":320},[64,22340,160],{"class":78},[64,22342,3184],{"class":320},[64,22344,12494],{"class":329},[64,22346,2686],{"class":320},[64,22348,86],{"class":78},[64,22350,3184],{"class":320},[64,22352,8905],{"class":329},[64,22354,2686],{"class":320},[64,22356,160],{"class":78},[64,22358,8912],{"class":82},[64,22360,8915],{"class":78},[64,22362,22363],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,22364,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,22366,22367,22369,22371,22373,22375,22377,22379,22381],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,22368,125],{"class":108},[64,22370,112],{"class":78},[64,22372,7695],{"class":357},[64,22374,112],{"class":78},[64,22376,16925],{"class":115},[64,22378,148],{"class":78},[64,22380,16541],{"class":115},[64,22382,5885],{"class":78},[64,22384,22385,22387,22389,22391,22393,22395,22397,22399],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,22386,125],{"class":108},[64,22388,112],{"class":78},[64,22390,7695],{"class":357},[64,22392,112],{"class":78},[64,22394,16925],{"class":115},[64,22396,148],{"class":78},[64,22398,4951],{"class":115},[64,22400,5885],{"class":78},[64,22402,22403,22405,22407,22409,22411,22413,22415,22417],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,22404,125],{"class":108},[64,22406,112],{"class":78},[64,22408,7695],{"class":357},[64,22410,112],{"class":78},[64,22412,16925],{"class":115},[64,22414,148],{"class":78},[64,22416,7410],{"class":115},[64,22418,5885],{"class":78},[20,22420,22421],{},[221,22422,384],{},[55,22424,22426],{"className":57,"code":22425,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22427,22428,22448,22464],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,22429,22430,22432,22434,22436,22438,22440,22442,22444,22446],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,22431,394],{"class":78},[64,22433,333],{"class":320},[64,22435,7267],{"class":329},[64,22437,333],{"class":320},[64,22439,86],{"class":78},[64,22441,326],{"class":320},[64,22443,8905],{"class":329},[64,22445,333],{"class":320},[64,22447,97],{"class":78},[64,22449,22450,22452,22454,22456,22458,22460,22462],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,22451,394],{"class":78},[64,22453,333],{"class":320},[64,22455,12494],{"class":329},[64,22457,333],{"class":320},[64,22459,86],{"class":78},[64,22461,8912],{"class":82},[64,22463,97],{"class":78},[64,22465,22466,22468,22470,22472,22474,22476,22478,22480,22482,22484,22486,22488,22490,22492,22494,22496],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,22467,21361],{"class":78},[64,22469,333],{"class":320},[64,22471,7267],{"class":329},[64,22473,333],{"class":320},[64,22475,86],{"class":78},[64,22477,326],{"class":320},[64,22479,12494],{"class":329},[64,22481,333],{"class":320},[64,22483,8839],{"class":78},[64,22485,8842],{"class":78},[64,22487,333],{"class":320},[64,22489,8905],{"class":329},[64,22491,333],{"class":320},[64,22493,86],{"class":78},[64,22495,8912],{"class":82},[64,22497,8855],{"class":78},[20,22499,22500],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[30,22502,22503,22511,22519],{},[33,22504,22505,22506],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[285,22507,22509],{"href":22508},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22510,16683],{},[33,22512,22513,22514],{},"Need just values? Use ",[285,22515,22517],{"href":22516},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22518,16689],{},[33,22520,22521,22522],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22523,16696],{},[50,22525,1471,22527],{"id":22526},"when-to-use-items",[15,22528,16696],{},[20,22530,22531,22533],{},[15,22532,16696],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[30,22535,22536,22539,22542,22545,22548],{},[33,22537,22538],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[33,22540,22541],{},"Building formatted output",[33,22543,22544],{},"Looping through settings and values",[33,22546,22547],{},"Showing names with scores",[33,22549,22550],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22552,916],{},[55,22554,22556],{"className":57,"code":22555,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22557,22558,22566,22584,22603,22615,22619,22623,22644],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,22559,22560,22562,22564],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,22561,13441],{"class":70},[64,22563,75],{"class":74},[64,22565,11104],{"class":78},[64,22567,22568,22570,22572,22574,22576,22578,22580,22582],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,22569,11109],{"class":320},[64,22571,12107],{"class":329},[64,22573,2686],{"class":320},[64,22575,160],{"class":78},[64,22577,3184],{"class":320},[64,22579,12116],{"class":329},[64,22581,2686],{"class":320},[64,22583,11125],{"class":78},[64,22585,22586,22588,22590,22592,22594,22596,22599,22601],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,22587,11109],{"class":320},[64,22589,19743],{"class":329},[64,22591,2686],{"class":320},[64,22593,160],{"class":78},[64,22595,3184],{"class":320},[64,22597,22598],{"class":329},"English",[64,22600,2686],{"class":320},[64,22602,11125],{"class":78},[64,22604,22605,22607,22609,22611,22613],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,22606,11109],{"class":320},[64,22608,18144],{"class":329},[64,22610,2686],{"class":320},[64,22612,160],{"class":78},[64,22614,6019],{"class":338},[64,22616,22617],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,22618,8915],{"class":78},[64,22620,22621],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,22622,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,22624,22625,22627,22630,22632,22634,22636,22638,22640,22642],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,22626,5552],{"class":368},[64,22628,22629],{"class":70}," setting",[64,22631,86],{"class":78},[64,22633,21205],{"class":70},[64,22635,375],{"class":368},[64,22637,13485],{"class":70},[64,22639,148],{"class":78},[64,22641,7410],{"class":115},[64,22643,21216],{"class":78},[64,22645,22646,22648,22650,22652,22654,22656,22659,22661,22664,22666,22668,22670,22672],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,22647,7670],{"class":108},[64,22649,112],{"class":78},[64,22651,21915],{"class":1895},[64,22653,2686],{"class":329},[64,22655,8884],{"class":82},[64,22657,22658],{"class":115},"setting",[64,22660,21924],{"class":82},[64,22662,22663],{"class":329}," = ",[64,22665,8884],{"class":82},[64,22667,2302],{"class":115},[64,22669,21924],{"class":82},[64,22671,2686],{"class":329},[64,22673,119],{"class":78},[20,22675,22676],{},[221,22677,384],{},[55,22679,22681],{"className":57,"code":22680,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22682,22683,22693,22703],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,22684,22685,22688,22690],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,22686,22687],{"class":70},"theme ",[64,22689,75],{"class":74},[64,22691,22692],{"class":70}," dark\n",[64,22694,22695,22698,22700],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,22696,22697],{"class":70},"language ",[64,22699,75],{"class":74},[64,22701,22702],{"class":70}," English\n",[64,22704,22705,22708,22710],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,22706,22707],{"class":70},"notifications ",[64,22709,75],{"class":74},[64,22711,6019],{"class":338},[50,22713,2661],{"id":2660},[20,22715,22716,22717,148],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,22718,16696],{},[428,22720,22722,22723,22725],{"id":22721},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,22724,16696],{}," incorrectly",[20,22727,22728,22729,22731,22732,22735],{},"Each result from ",[15,22730,16696],{}," has ",[221,22733,22734],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,22737,6285],{},[55,22739,22740],{"className":57,"code":21151,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,22741,22742,22778,22782,22802],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,22743,22744,22746,22748,22750,22752,22754,22756,22758,22760,22762,22764,22766,22768,22770,22772,22774,22776],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,22745,12819],{"class":70},[64,22747,75],{"class":74},[64,22749,10098],{"class":78},[64,22751,2686],{"class":320},[64,22753,7267],{"class":329},[64,22755,2686],{"class":320},[64,22757,160],{"class":78},[64,22759,3184],{"class":320},[64,22761,12494],{"class":329},[64,22763,2686],{"class":320},[64,22765,86],{"class":78},[64,22767,3184],{"class":320},[64,22769,8905],{"class":329},[64,22771,2686],{"class":320},[64,22773,160],{"class":78},[64,22775,8912],{"class":82},[64,22777,8915],{"class":78},[64,22779,22780],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,22781,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,22783,22784,22786,22788,22790,22792,22794,22796,22798,22800],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,22785,5552],{"class":368},[64,22787,21200],{"class":70},[64,22789,86],{"class":78},[64,22791,21205],{"class":70},[64,22793,375],{"class":368},[64,22795,12862],{"class":70},[64,22797,148],{"class":78},[64,22799,7410],{"class":115},[64,22801,21216],{"class":78},[64,22803,22804,22806,22808,22810,22812,22814],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,22805,7670],{"class":108},[64,22807,112],{"class":78},[64,22809,14457],{"class":115},[64,22811,86],{"class":78},[64,22813,8036],{"class":115},[64,22815,119],{"class":78},[20,22817,22818],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[55,22820,22822],{"className":57,"code":22821,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,22823,22824,22860,22864,22880],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,22825,22826,22828,22830,22832,22834,22836,22838,22840,22842,22844,22846,22848,22850,22852,22854,22856,22858],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,22827,12819],{"class":70},[64,22829,75],{"class":74},[64,22831,10098],{"class":78},[64,22833,2686],{"class":320},[64,22835,7267],{"class":329},[64,22837,2686],{"class":320},[64,22839,160],{"class":78},[64,22841,3184],{"class":320},[64,22843,12494],{"class":329},[64,22845,2686],{"class":320},[64,22847,86],{"class":78},[64,22849,3184],{"class":320},[64,22851,8905],{"class":329},[64,22853,2686],{"class":320},[64,22855,160],{"class":78},[64,22857,8912],{"class":82},[64,22859,8915],{"class":78},[64,22861,22862],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,22863,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,22865,22866,22868,22870,22872,22874,22876,22878],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,22867,5552],{"class":368},[64,22869,17828],{"class":70},[64,22871,375],{"class":368},[64,22873,12862],{"class":70},[64,22875,148],{"class":78},[64,22877,7410],{"class":115},[64,22879,21216],{"class":78},[64,22881,22882,22884,22886,22888],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,22883,7670],{"class":108},[64,22885,112],{"class":78},[64,22887,14457],{"class":115},[64,22889,119],{"class":78},[20,22891,22892,22893,22895,22896,22899],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,22894,14457],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,22897,22898],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,22901,22902],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[55,22904,22906],{"className":57,"code":22905,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,22907,22908,22924],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,22909,22910,22912,22914,22916,22918,22920,22922],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,22911,5552],{"class":368},[64,22913,5555],{"class":70},[64,22915,375],{"class":368},[64,22917,12862],{"class":70},[64,22919,148],{"class":78},[64,22921,7410],{"class":115},[64,22923,21216],{"class":78},[64,22925,22926,22928,22930,22933],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,22927,7670],{"class":108},[64,22929,112],{"class":78},[64,22931,22932],{"class":115},"item",[64,22934,119],{"class":78},[20,22936,22937],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[55,22939,22941],{"className":57,"code":22940,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,22942,22943,22963],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,22944,22945,22947,22949,22951,22953,22955,22957,22959,22961],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,22946,5552],{"class":368},[64,22948,21200],{"class":70},[64,22950,86],{"class":78},[64,22952,21205],{"class":70},[64,22954,375],{"class":368},[64,22956,12862],{"class":70},[64,22958,148],{"class":78},[64,22960,7410],{"class":115},[64,22962,21216],{"class":78},[64,22964,22965,22967,22969,22971,22973,22975],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,22966,7670],{"class":108},[64,22968,112],{"class":78},[64,22970,14457],{"class":115},[64,22972,86],{"class":78},[64,22974,8036],{"class":115},[64,22976,119],{"class":78},[428,22978,8056,22980,22982],{"id":22979},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,22981,16696],{}," to return a regular list",[20,22984,22985,21596,22987,22989],{},[15,22986,16696],{},[15,22988,21529],{}," object, not a list.",[20,22991,22992],{},"Check it:",[55,22994,22996],{"className":57,"code":22995,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,22997,22998,23030,23034,23048,23066],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,22999,23000,23002,23004,23006,23008,23010,23012,23014,23016,23018,23020,23022,23024,23026,23028],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,23001,11336],{"class":70},[64,23003,75],{"class":74},[64,23005,10098],{"class":78},[64,23007,2686],{"class":320},[64,23009,285],{"class":329},[64,23011,2686],{"class":320},[64,23013,160],{"class":78},[64,23015,5091],{"class":82},[64,23017,86],{"class":78},[64,23019,3184],{"class":320},[64,23021,1269],{"class":329},[64,23023,2686],{"class":320},[64,23025,160],{"class":78},[64,23027,89],{"class":82},[64,23029,8915],{"class":78},[64,23031,23032],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,23033,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,23035,23036,23038,23040,23042,23044,23046],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,23037,125],{"class":108},[64,23039,112],{"class":78},[64,23041,11060],{"class":115},[64,23043,148],{"class":78},[64,23045,7410],{"class":115},[64,23047,6792],{"class":78},[64,23049,23050,23052,23054,23056,23058,23060,23062,23064],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,23051,125],{"class":108},[64,23053,112],{"class":78},[64,23055,3052],{"class":357},[64,23057,112],{"class":78},[64,23059,11060],{"class":115},[64,23061,148],{"class":78},[64,23063,7410],{"class":115},[64,23065,5885],{"class":78},[64,23067,23068,23070,23072,23074,23076,23078,23080,23082],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,23069,125],{"class":108},[64,23071,112],{"class":78},[64,23073,7695],{"class":357},[64,23075,112],{"class":78},[64,23077,11060],{"class":115},[64,23079,148],{"class":78},[64,23081,7410],{"class":115},[64,23083,5885],{"class":78},[20,23085,23086],{},[221,23087,384],{},[55,23089,23091],{"className":57,"code":23090,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23092,23093,23125,23139],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,23094,23095,23097,23099,23101,23103,23105,23107,23109,23111,23113,23115,23117,23119,23121,23123],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,23096,21529],{"class":115},[64,23098,9264],{"class":78},[64,23100,333],{"class":320},[64,23102,285],{"class":329},[64,23104,333],{"class":320},[64,23106,86],{"class":78},[64,23108,5091],{"class":82},[64,23110,8839],{"class":78},[64,23112,8842],{"class":78},[64,23114,333],{"class":320},[64,23116,1269],{"class":329},[64,23118,333],{"class":320},[64,23120,86],{"class":78},[64,23122,89],{"class":82},[64,23124,10287],{"class":78},[64,23126,23127,23129,23131,23133,23135,23137],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,23128,3121],{"class":74},[64,23130,3124],{"class":1895},[64,23132,326],{"class":320},[64,23134,21529],{"class":329},[64,23136,333],{"class":320},[64,23138,3133],{"class":74},[64,23140,23141,23143,23145,23147,23149,23151,23153,23155,23157,23159,23161,23163,23165,23167],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,23142,21361],{"class":78},[64,23144,333],{"class":320},[64,23146,285],{"class":329},[64,23148,333],{"class":320},[64,23150,86],{"class":78},[64,23152,5091],{"class":82},[64,23154,8839],{"class":78},[64,23156,8842],{"class":78},[64,23158,333],{"class":320},[64,23160,1269],{"class":329},[64,23162,333],{"class":320},[64,23164,86],{"class":78},[64,23166,89],{"class":82},[64,23168,8855],{"class":78},[428,23170,23172,23173],{"id":23171},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23174,16696],{},[20,23176,23177],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23179,23180],{},"Problem example:",[55,23182,23184],{"className":57,"code":23183,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23185,23186,23230,23234,23254,23266],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,23187,23188,23190,23192,23194,23196,23198,23200,23202,23204,23206,23208,23210,23212,23214,23216,23218,23220,23222,23224,23226,23228],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,23189,71],{"class":70},[64,23191,75],{"class":74},[64,23193,10098],{"class":78},[64,23195,2686],{"class":320},[64,23197,285],{"class":329},[64,23199,2686],{"class":320},[64,23201,160],{"class":78},[64,23203,5091],{"class":82},[64,23205,86],{"class":78},[64,23207,3184],{"class":320},[64,23209,1269],{"class":329},[64,23211,2686],{"class":320},[64,23213,160],{"class":78},[64,23215,89],{"class":82},[64,23217,86],{"class":78},[64,23219,3184],{"class":320},[64,23221,9346],{"class":329},[64,23223,2686],{"class":320},[64,23225,160],{"class":78},[64,23227,94],{"class":82},[64,23229,8915],{"class":78},[64,23231,23232],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,23233,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,23235,23236,23238,23240,23242,23244,23246,23248,23250,23252],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,23237,5552],{"class":368},[64,23239,21200],{"class":70},[64,23241,86],{"class":78},[64,23243,21205],{"class":70},[64,23245,375],{"class":368},[64,23247,762],{"class":70},[64,23249,148],{"class":78},[64,23251,7410],{"class":115},[64,23253,21216],{"class":78},[64,23255,23256,23258,23260,23262,23264],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,23257,5994],{"class":368},[64,23259,21205],{"class":70},[64,23261,1196],{"class":74},[64,23263,89],{"class":82},[64,23265,5989],{"class":78},[64,23267,23268,23271,23273,23275,23277,23279,23281,23283],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,23269,23270],{"class":70},"        numbers",[64,23272,394],{"class":78},[64,23274,2686],{"class":320},[64,23276,18387],{"class":329},[64,23278,2686],{"class":320},[64,23280,12888],{"class":78},[64,23282,12891],{"class":74},[64,23284,23285],{"class":82}," 4\n",[20,23287,23288],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23290,23291],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[55,23293,23295],{"className":57,"code":23294,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23296,23297,23341,23345,23370,23382,23400,23404],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,23298,23299,23301,23303,23305,23307,23309,23311,23313,23315,23317,23319,23321,23323,23325,23327,23329,23331,23333,23335,23337,23339],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,23300,71],{"class":70},[64,23302,75],{"class":74},[64,23304,10098],{"class":78},[64,23306,2686],{"class":320},[64,23308,285],{"class":329},[64,23310,2686],{"class":320},[64,23312,160],{"class":78},[64,23314,5091],{"class":82},[64,23316,86],{"class":78},[64,23318,3184],{"class":320},[64,23320,1269],{"class":329},[64,23322,2686],{"class":320},[64,23324,160],{"class":78},[64,23326,89],{"class":82},[64,23328,86],{"class":78},[64,23330,3184],{"class":320},[64,23332,9346],{"class":329},[64,23334,2686],{"class":320},[64,23336,160],{"class":78},[64,23338,94],{"class":82},[64,23340,8915],{"class":78},[64,23342,23343],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,23344,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,23346,23347,23349,23351,23353,23355,23357,23359,23361,23363,23365,23367],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,23348,5552],{"class":368},[64,23350,21200],{"class":70},[64,23352,86],{"class":78},[64,23354,21205],{"class":70},[64,23356,375],{"class":368},[64,23358,22181],{"class":357},[64,23360,112],{"class":78},[64,23362,116],{"class":115},[64,23364,148],{"class":78},[64,23366,7410],{"class":115},[64,23368,23369],{"class":78},"()):\n",[64,23371,23372,23374,23376,23378,23380],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,23373,5994],{"class":368},[64,23375,21205],{"class":70},[64,23377,1196],{"class":74},[64,23379,89],{"class":82},[64,23381,5989],{"class":78},[64,23383,23384,23386,23388,23390,23392,23394,23396,23398],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,23385,23270],{"class":70},[64,23387,394],{"class":78},[64,23389,2686],{"class":320},[64,23391,18387],{"class":329},[64,23393,2686],{"class":320},[64,23395,12888],{"class":78},[64,23397,12891],{"class":74},[64,23399,23285],{"class":82},[64,23401,23402],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,23403,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,23405,23406,23408,23410,23412],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,23407,125],{"class":108},[64,23409,112],{"class":78},[64,23411,116],{"class":115},[64,23413,119],{"class":78},[428,23415,23417],{"id":23416},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23419,23420],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[55,23422,23424],{"className":57,"code":23423,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23425,23426,23458,23462,23478],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,23427,23428,23430,23432,23434,23436,23438,23440,23442,23444,23446,23448,23450,23452,23454,23456],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,23429,8771],{"class":70},[64,23431,75],{"class":74},[64,23433,10098],{"class":78},[64,23435,2686],{"class":320},[64,23437,363],{"class":329},[64,23439,2686],{"class":320},[64,23441,160],{"class":78},[64,23443,5599],{"class":82},[64,23445,86],{"class":78},[64,23447,3184],{"class":320},[64,23449,11357],{"class":329},[64,23451,2686],{"class":320},[64,23453,160],{"class":78},[64,23455,7390],{"class":82},[64,23457,8915],{"class":78},[64,23459,23460],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,23461,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,23463,23464,23466,23468,23470,23472,23474,23476],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,23465,5552],{"class":368},[64,23467,5555],{"class":70},[64,23469,375],{"class":368},[64,23471,14182],{"class":70},[64,23473,148],{"class":78},[64,23475,7410],{"class":115},[64,23477,21216],{"class":78},[64,23479,23480,23482,23484,23486],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,23481,7670],{"class":108},[64,23483,112],{"class":78},[64,23485,22932],{"class":115},[64,23487,119],{"class":78},[20,23489,23490],{},[221,23491,384],{},[55,23493,23495],{"className":57,"code":23494,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23496,23497,23513],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,23498,23499,23501,23503,23505,23507,23509,23511],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,23500,112],{"class":78},[64,23502,333],{"class":320},[64,23504,363],{"class":329},[64,23506,333],{"class":320},[64,23508,86],{"class":78},[64,23510,5599],{"class":82},[64,23512,119],{"class":78},[64,23514,23515,23517,23519,23521,23523,23525,23527],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,23516,112],{"class":78},[64,23518,333],{"class":320},[64,23520,11357],{"class":329},[64,23522,333],{"class":320},[64,23524,86],{"class":78},[64,23526,7390],{"class":82},[64,23528,119],{"class":78},[20,23530,23531,23532,23534],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23533,21276],{}," pair.",[50,23536,1651],{"id":1650},[428,23538,23540,23541,1658],{"id":23539},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23542,16696],{},[20,23544,17040,23545,23547],{},[15,23546,21529],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[428,23549,12317,23551,23553],{"id":23550},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23552,16696],{}," return a list?",[20,23555,23556,23557,23560],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23558,23559],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[428,23562,23564,23565,1677],{"id":23563},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23566,16696],{},[20,23568,23569],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[55,23571,23573],{"className":57,"code":23572,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23574,23575,23595],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,23576,23577,23579,23581,23583,23585,23587,23589,23591,23593],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,23578,5552],{"class":368},[64,23580,21200],{"class":70},[64,23582,86],{"class":78},[64,23584,21205],{"class":70},[64,23586,375],{"class":368},[64,23588,11378],{"class":70},[64,23590,148],{"class":78},[64,23592,7410],{"class":115},[64,23594,21216],{"class":78},[64,23596,23597,23599,23601,23603,23605,23607],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,23598,7670],{"class":108},[64,23600,112],{"class":78},[64,23602,14457],{"class":115},[64,23604,86],{"class":78},[64,23606,8036],{"class":115},[64,23608,119],{"class":78},[428,23610,12317,23612,23614],{"id":23611},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23613,16696],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23616,23617],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[50,23619,1717],{"id":1716},[30,23621,23622,23628,23634,23639,23643],{},[33,23623,23624],{},[285,23625,10345,23626,10349],{"href":22508},[15,23627,16683],{},[33,23629,23630],{},[285,23631,10345,23632,10349],{"href":22516},[15,23633,16689],{},[33,23635,23636],{},[285,23637,23638],{"href":22095},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[33,23640,23641],{},[285,23642,8761],{"href":12637},[33,23644,23645],{},[285,23646,23647],{"href":21399},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1751,23649,23650],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":23652},[23653,23654,23656,23657,23658,23660,23661,23663,23665,23674,23684],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":21259,"depth":100,"text":23655},"What items() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":21590,"depth":100,"text":21591},{"id":21816,"depth":100,"text":23659},"Looping with items()",{"id":22099,"depth":100,"text":22100},{"id":22291,"depth":100,"text":23662},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22526,"depth":100,"text":23664},"When to use items()",{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661,"children":23666},[23667,23669,23671,23673],{"id":22721,"depth":122,"text":23668},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":22979,"depth":122,"text":23670},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23171,"depth":122,"text":23672},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23416,"depth":122,"text":23417},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":23675},[23676,23678,23680,23682],{"id":23539,"depth":122,"text":23677},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23550,"depth":122,"text":23679},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23563,"depth":122,"text":23681},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23611,"depth":122,"text":23683},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21127,"description":23685},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23692,"title":23693,"body":23694,"description":25785,"extension":1791,"meta":25786,"navigation":346,"path":22508,"seo":25787,"stem":25788,"__hash__":25789},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23695,"toc":25751},[23696,23701,23707,23710,23721,23728,23730,23813,23817,23864,23869,23874,23879,23881,23897,23899,23998,24002,24059,24062,24064,24067,24160,24164,24227,24230,24246,24251,24253,24255,24270,24272,24283,24285,24328,24331,24375,24378,24380,24387,24390,24407,24409,24502,24506,24547,24559,24563,24566,24654,24658,24678,24681,24708,24715,24720,24724,24735,24737,24841,24845,24871,24874,24941,24946,24949,24972,24977,24981,24986,24992,24997,24999,25054,25058,25085,25092,25098,25101,25126,25132,25158,25161,25236,25243,25248,25250,25289,25307,25311,25314,25357,25360,25362,25381,25383,25388,25413,25416,25486,25489,25562,25566,25568,25629,25632,25648,25650,25655,25660,25667,25676,25682,25688,25695,25701,25705,25710,25712,25748],[10,23697,10928,23699,10932],{"id":23698},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23700,16683],{},[20,23702,23703,23704,23706],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,23705,16683],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23708,23709],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[30,23711,23712,23715,23718],{},[33,23713,23714],{},"view the available keys",[33,23716,23717],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[33,23719,23720],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,23722,23723,23725,23726,148],{},[15,23724,16683],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,23727,16632],{},[50,23729,1833],{"id":1832},[55,23731,23733],{"className":57,"code":23732,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,23734,23735,23771,23785,23789,23799],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,23736,23737,23739,23741,23743,23745,23747,23749,23751,23753,23755,23757,23759,23761,23763,23765,23767,23769],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,23738,12477],{"class":70},[64,23740,75],{"class":74},[64,23742,10098],{"class":78},[64,23744,2686],{"class":320},[64,23746,7267],{"class":329},[64,23748,2686],{"class":320},[64,23750,160],{"class":78},[64,23752,3184],{"class":320},[64,23754,12494],{"class":329},[64,23756,2686],{"class":320},[64,23758,86],{"class":78},[64,23760,3184],{"class":320},[64,23762,8905],{"class":329},[64,23764,2686],{"class":320},[64,23766,160],{"class":78},[64,23768,7390],{"class":82},[64,23770,8915],{"class":78},[64,23772,23773,23775,23777,23779,23781,23783],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,23774,16860],{"class":70},[64,23776,75],{"class":74},[64,23778,12520],{"class":70},[64,23780,148],{"class":78},[64,23782,16541],{"class":115},[64,23784,8247],{"class":78},[64,23786,23787],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,23788,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,23790,23791,23793,23795,23797],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,23792,125],{"class":108},[64,23794,112],{"class":78},[64,23796,16541],{"class":115},[64,23798,119],{"class":78},[64,23800,23801,23803,23805,23807,23809,23811],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,23802,125],{"class":108},[64,23804,112],{"class":78},[64,23806,7695],{"class":357},[64,23808,112],{"class":78},[64,23810,16541],{"class":115},[64,23812,471],{"class":78},[20,23814,23815],{},[221,23816,384],{},[55,23818,23820],{"className":57,"code":23819,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,23821,23822,23844],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,23823,23824,23826,23828,23830,23832,23834,23836,23838,23840,23842],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,23825,16632],{"class":115},[64,23827,354],{"class":78},[64,23829,333],{"class":320},[64,23831,7267],{"class":329},[64,23833,333],{"class":320},[64,23835,86],{"class":78},[64,23837,326],{"class":320},[64,23839,8905],{"class":329},[64,23841,333],{"class":320},[64,23843,381],{"class":78},[64,23845,23846,23848,23850,23852,23854,23856,23858,23860,23862],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,23847,394],{"class":78},[64,23849,333],{"class":320},[64,23851,7267],{"class":329},[64,23853,333],{"class":320},[64,23855,86],{"class":78},[64,23857,326],{"class":320},[64,23859,8905],{"class":329},[64,23861,333],{"class":320},[64,23863,97],{"class":78},[20,23865,1923,23866,23868],{},[15,23867,16683],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[50,23870,152,23872,155],{"id":23871},"what-keys-does",[15,23873,16683],{},[20,23875,23876,23878],{},[15,23877,16683],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23880,11069],{},[30,23882,23883,23886,23889,23894],{},[33,23884,23885],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[33,23887,23888],{},"It does not need any arguments",[33,23890,17040,23891,23893],{},[15,23892,16632],{}," view object, not a list",[33,23895,23896],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,23898,916],{},[55,23900,23902],{"className":57,"code":23901,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,23903,23904,23940,23944,23958,23962,23984],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,23905,23906,23908,23910,23912,23914,23916,23918,23920,23922,23924,23926,23928,23930,23932,23934,23936,23938],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,23907,12819],{"class":70},[64,23909,75],{"class":74},[64,23911,10098],{"class":78},[64,23913,2686],{"class":320},[64,23915,7267],{"class":329},[64,23917,2686],{"class":320},[64,23919,160],{"class":78},[64,23921,3184],{"class":320},[64,23923,12836],{"class":329},[64,23925,2686],{"class":320},[64,23927,86],{"class":78},[64,23929,3184],{"class":320},[64,23931,8905],{"class":329},[64,23933,2686],{"class":320},[64,23935,160],{"class":78},[64,23937,8912],{"class":82},[64,23939,8915],{"class":78},[64,23941,23942],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,23943,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,23945,23946,23948,23950,23952,23954,23956],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,23947,125],{"class":108},[64,23949,112],{"class":78},[64,23951,16925],{"class":115},[64,23953,148],{"class":78},[64,23955,16541],{"class":115},[64,23957,6792],{"class":78},[64,23959,23960],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,23961,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,23963,23964,23966,23968,23970,23972,23974,23976,23978,23980,23982],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,23965,16925],{"class":70},[64,23967,394],{"class":78},[64,23969,2686],{"class":320},[64,23971,10016],{"class":329},[64,23973,2686],{"class":320},[64,23975,12888],{"class":78},[64,23977,12891],{"class":74},[64,23979,3184],{"class":320},[64,23981,10023],{"class":329},[64,23983,3190],{"class":320},[64,23985,23986,23988,23990,23992,23994,23996],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,23987,125],{"class":108},[64,23989,112],{"class":78},[64,23991,16925],{"class":115},[64,23993,148],{"class":78},[64,23995,16541],{"class":115},[64,23997,6792],{"class":78},[20,23999,24000],{},[221,24001,384],{},[55,24003,24005],{"className":57,"code":24004,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24006,24007,24029],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,24008,24009,24011,24013,24015,24017,24019,24021,24023,24025,24027],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,24010,16632],{"class":115},[64,24012,354],{"class":78},[64,24014,333],{"class":320},[64,24016,7267],{"class":329},[64,24018,333],{"class":320},[64,24020,86],{"class":78},[64,24022,326],{"class":320},[64,24024,8905],{"class":329},[64,24026,333],{"class":320},[64,24028,381],{"class":78},[64,24030,24031,24033,24035,24037,24039,24041,24043,24045,24047,24049,24051,24053,24055,24057],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,24032,16632],{"class":115},[64,24034,354],{"class":78},[64,24036,333],{"class":320},[64,24038,7267],{"class":329},[64,24040,333],{"class":320},[64,24042,86],{"class":78},[64,24044,326],{"class":320},[64,24046,8905],{"class":329},[64,24048,333],{"class":320},[64,24050,86],{"class":78},[64,24052,326],{"class":320},[64,24054,10016],{"class":329},[64,24056,333],{"class":320},[64,24058,381],{"class":78},[20,24060,24061],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[50,24063,5381],{"id":5380},[20,24065,24066],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[55,24068,24070],{"className":57,"code":24069,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24071,24072,24124,24128,24142],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,24073,24074,24076,24078,24080,24082,24084,24086,24088,24090,24092,24094,24096,24098,24100,24102,24104,24106,24108,24110,24112,24114,24116,24118,24120,24122],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,24075,8771],{"class":70},[64,24077,75],{"class":74},[64,24079,10098],{"class":78},[64,24081,2686],{"class":320},[64,24083,7267],{"class":329},[64,24085,2686],{"class":320},[64,24087,160],{"class":78},[64,24089,3184],{"class":320},[64,24091,12494],{"class":329},[64,24093,2686],{"class":320},[64,24095,86],{"class":78},[64,24097,3184],{"class":320},[64,24099,8905],{"class":329},[64,24101,2686],{"class":320},[64,24103,160],{"class":78},[64,24105,7390],{"class":82},[64,24107,86],{"class":78},[64,24109,3184],{"class":320},[64,24111,19511],{"class":329},[64,24113,2686],{"class":320},[64,24115,160],{"class":78},[64,24117,3184],{"class":320},[64,24119,21866],{"class":329},[64,24121,2686],{"class":320},[64,24123,8915],{"class":78},[64,24125,24126],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,24127,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,24129,24130,24132,24134,24136,24138,24140],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,24131,125],{"class":108},[64,24133,112],{"class":78},[64,24135,8810],{"class":115},[64,24137,148],{"class":78},[64,24139,16541],{"class":115},[64,24141,6792],{"class":78},[64,24143,24144,24146,24148,24150,24152,24154,24156,24158],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,24145,125],{"class":108},[64,24147,112],{"class":78},[64,24149,7695],{"class":357},[64,24151,112],{"class":78},[64,24153,8810],{"class":115},[64,24155,148],{"class":78},[64,24157,16541],{"class":115},[64,24159,5885],{"class":78},[20,24161,24162],{},[221,24163,384],{},[55,24165,24167],{"className":57,"code":24166,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24168,24169,24199],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,24170,24171,24173,24175,24177,24179,24181,24183,24185,24187,24189,24191,24193,24195,24197],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,24172,16632],{"class":115},[64,24174,354],{"class":78},[64,24176,333],{"class":320},[64,24178,7267],{"class":329},[64,24180,333],{"class":320},[64,24182,86],{"class":78},[64,24184,326],{"class":320},[64,24186,8905],{"class":329},[64,24188,333],{"class":320},[64,24190,86],{"class":78},[64,24192,326],{"class":320},[64,24194,19511],{"class":329},[64,24196,333],{"class":320},[64,24198,381],{"class":78},[64,24200,24201,24203,24205,24207,24209,24211,24213,24215,24217,24219,24221,24223,24225],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,24202,394],{"class":78},[64,24204,333],{"class":320},[64,24206,7267],{"class":329},[64,24208,333],{"class":320},[64,24210,86],{"class":78},[64,24212,326],{"class":320},[64,24214,8905],{"class":329},[64,24216,333],{"class":320},[64,24218,86],{"class":78},[64,24220,326],{"class":320},[64,24222,19511],{"class":329},[64,24224,333],{"class":320},[64,24226,97],{"class":78},[20,24228,24229],{},"This shows two things:",[30,24231,24232,24240],{},[33,24233,24234,21596,24237,24239],{},[15,24235,24236],{},"data.keys()",[15,24238,16632],{}," object",[33,24241,24242,24245],{},[15,24243,24244],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24247,8757,24248,148],{},[285,24249,24250],{"href":8997},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[50,24252,5024],{"id":5023},[20,24254,1991],{},[55,24256,24258],{"className":57,"code":24257,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24259,24260],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,24261,24262,24264,24266,24268],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,24263,11060],{"class":70},[64,24265,148],{"class":78},[64,24267,16541],{"class":115},[64,24269,8247],{"class":78},[20,24271,21421],{},[30,24273,24274,24277,24280],{},[33,24275,24276],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[33,24278,24279],{},"It takes no parameters",[33,24281,24282],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24284,16273],{},[55,24286,24288],{"className":57,"code":24287,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24289,24290,24314],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,24291,24292,24294,24296,24298,24300,24302,24304,24306,24308,24310,24312],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,24293,12477],{"class":70},[64,24295,75],{"class":74},[64,24297,10098],{"class":78},[64,24299,2686],{"class":320},[64,24301,7267],{"class":329},[64,24303,2686],{"class":320},[64,24305,160],{"class":78},[64,24307,3184],{"class":320},[64,24309,12494],{"class":329},[64,24311,2686],{"class":320},[64,24313,8915],{"class":78},[64,24315,24316,24318,24320,24322,24324,24326],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,24317,125],{"class":108},[64,24319,112],{"class":78},[64,24321,13241],{"class":115},[64,24323,148],{"class":78},[64,24325,16541],{"class":115},[64,24327,6792],{"class":78},[20,24329,24330],{},"Incorrect:",[55,24332,24334],{"className":57,"code":24333,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24335,24336,24360],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,24337,24338,24340,24342,24344,24346,24348,24350,24352,24354,24356,24358],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,24339,12477],{"class":70},[64,24341,75],{"class":74},[64,24343,10098],{"class":78},[64,24345,2686],{"class":320},[64,24347,7267],{"class":329},[64,24349,2686],{"class":320},[64,24351,160],{"class":78},[64,24353,3184],{"class":320},[64,24355,12494],{"class":329},[64,24357,2686],{"class":320},[64,24359,8915],{"class":78},[64,24361,24362,24364,24366,24368,24370,24373],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,24363,125],{"class":108},[64,24365,112],{"class":78},[64,24367,13241],{"class":115},[64,24369,148],{"class":78},[64,24371,16541],{"class":24372},"skxfh",[64,24374,119],{"class":78},[20,24376,24377],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[50,24379,17037],{"id":17036},[20,24381,24382,21596,24384,24386],{},[15,24383,16683],{},[15,24385,16632],{}," object.",[20,24388,24389],{},"This object:",[30,24391,24392,24395,24398,24404],{},[33,24393,24394],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[33,24396,24397],{},"can be used in a loop",[33,24399,24400,24401],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24402,24403],{},"list()",[33,24405,24406],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24408,916],{},[55,24410,24412],{"className":57,"code":24411,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24413,24414,24455,24459,24474,24478,24488],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,24415,24416,24419,24421,24423,24425,24428,24430,24432,24434,24437,24439,24441,24443,24446,24448,24450,24453],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,24417,24418],{"class":70},"car ",[64,24420,75],{"class":74},[64,24422,10098],{"class":78},[64,24424,2686],{"class":320},[64,24426,24427],{"class":329},"brand",[64,24429,2686],{"class":320},[64,24431,160],{"class":78},[64,24433,3184],{"class":320},[64,24435,24436],{"class":329},"Toyota",[64,24438,2686],{"class":320},[64,24440,86],{"class":78},[64,24442,3184],{"class":320},[64,24444,24445],{"class":329},"year",[64,24447,2686],{"class":320},[64,24449,160],{"class":78},[64,24451,24452],{"class":82}," 2020",[64,24454,8915],{"class":78},[64,24456,24457],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,24458,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,24460,24461,24463,24465,24468,24470,24472],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,24462,103],{"class":70},[64,24464,75],{"class":74},[64,24466,24467],{"class":70}," car",[64,24469,148],{"class":78},[64,24471,16541],{"class":115},[64,24473,8247],{"class":78},[64,24475,24476],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,24477,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,24479,24480,24482,24484,24486],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,24481,125],{"class":108},[64,24483,112],{"class":78},[64,24485,130],{"class":115},[64,24487,119],{"class":78},[64,24489,24490,24492,24494,24496,24498,24500],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,24491,125],{"class":108},[64,24493,112],{"class":78},[64,24495,3052],{"class":357},[64,24497,112],{"class":78},[64,24499,130],{"class":115},[64,24501,471],{"class":78},[20,24503,24504],{},[221,24505,384],{},[55,24507,24509],{"className":57,"code":24508,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24510,24511,24533],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,24512,24513,24515,24517,24519,24521,24523,24525,24527,24529,24531],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,24514,16632],{"class":115},[64,24516,354],{"class":78},[64,24518,333],{"class":320},[64,24520,24427],{"class":329},[64,24522,333],{"class":320},[64,24524,86],{"class":78},[64,24526,326],{"class":320},[64,24528,24445],{"class":329},[64,24530,333],{"class":320},[64,24532,381],{"class":78},[64,24534,24535,24537,24539,24541,24543,24545],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,24536,3121],{"class":74},[64,24538,3124],{"class":1895},[64,24540,326],{"class":320},[64,24542,16632],{"class":329},[64,24544,333],{"class":320},[64,24546,3133],{"class":74},[20,24548,24549,24550,24554,24555,148],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[285,24551,10345,24552,10349],{"href":16686},[15,24553,16689],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[285,24556,10345,24557,10349],{"href":16693},[15,24558,16696],{},[50,24560,24562],{"id":24561},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24564,24565],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[55,24567,24569],{"className":57,"code":24568,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24570,24571,24624,24628,24644],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,24572,24573,24575,24577,24579,24581,24583,24585,24587,24589,24591,24593,24595,24597,24599,24601,24603,24605,24607,24609,24611,24613,24615,24617,24620,24622],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,24574,12477],{"class":70},[64,24576,75],{"class":74},[64,24578,10098],{"class":78},[64,24580,2686],{"class":320},[64,24582,7267],{"class":329},[64,24584,2686],{"class":320},[64,24586,160],{"class":78},[64,24588,3184],{"class":320},[64,24590,12494],{"class":329},[64,24592,2686],{"class":320},[64,24594,86],{"class":78},[64,24596,3184],{"class":320},[64,24598,8905],{"class":329},[64,24600,2686],{"class":320},[64,24602,160],{"class":78},[64,24604,7390],{"class":82},[64,24606,86],{"class":78},[64,24608,3184],{"class":320},[64,24610,14945],{"class":329},[64,24612,2686],{"class":320},[64,24614,160],{"class":78},[64,24616,3184],{"class":320},[64,24618,24619],{"class":329},"Math",[64,24621,2686],{"class":320},[64,24623,8915],{"class":78},[64,24625,24626],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,24627,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,24629,24630,24632,24634,24636,24638,24640,24642],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,24631,5552],{"class":368},[64,24633,17828],{"class":70},[64,24635,375],{"class":368},[64,24637,12520],{"class":70},[64,24639,148],{"class":78},[64,24641,16541],{"class":115},[64,24643,21216],{"class":78},[64,24645,24646,24648,24650,24652],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,24647,7670],{"class":108},[64,24649,112],{"class":78},[64,24651,14457],{"class":115},[64,24653,119],{"class":78},[20,24655,24656],{},[221,24657,384],{},[55,24659,24661],{"className":57,"code":24660,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24662,24663,24668,24673],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,24664,24665],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,24666,24667],{"class":70},"name\n",[64,24669,24670],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,24671,24672],{"class":70},"age\n",[64,24674,24675],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,24676,24677],{"class":70},"course\n",[20,24679,24680],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[55,24682,24684],{"className":57,"code":24683,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24685,24686,24698],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,24687,24688,24690,24692,24694,24696],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,24689,5552],{"class":368},[64,24691,17828],{"class":70},[64,24693,375],{"class":368},[64,24695,12520],{"class":70},[64,24697,5989],{"class":78},[64,24699,24700,24702,24704,24706],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,24701,7670],{"class":108},[64,24703,112],{"class":78},[64,24705,14457],{"class":115},[64,24707,119],{"class":78},[20,24709,24710,24711,24714],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,24712,24713],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[50,24716,1471,24718],{"id":24717},"when-to-use-keys",[15,24719,16683],{},[20,24721,1923,24722,10209],{},[15,24723,16683],{},[30,24725,24726,24729,24732],{},[33,24727,24728],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[33,24730,24731],{},"you want to display available fields",[33,24733,24734],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,24736,916],{},[55,24738,24740],{"className":57,"code":24739,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24741,24742,24795,24799,24814,24831],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,24743,24744,24747,24749,24751,24753,24755,24757,24759,24761,24764,24766,24768,24770,24773,24775,24777,24780,24782,24784,24787,24789,24791,24793],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,24745,24746],{"class":70},"product ",[64,24748,75],{"class":74},[64,24750,10098],{"class":78},[64,24752,2686],{"class":320},[64,24754,7267],{"class":329},[64,24756,2686],{"class":320},[64,24758,160],{"class":78},[64,24760,3184],{"class":320},[64,24762,24763],{"class":329},"Book",[64,24765,2686],{"class":320},[64,24767,86],{"class":78},[64,24769,3184],{"class":320},[64,24771,24772],{"class":329},"price",[64,24774,2686],{"class":320},[64,24776,160],{"class":78},[64,24778,24779],{"class":82}," 12.99",[64,24781,86],{"class":78},[64,24783,3184],{"class":320},[64,24785,24786],{"class":329},"stock",[64,24788,2686],{"class":320},[64,24790,160],{"class":78},[64,24792,1112],{"class":82},[64,24794,8915],{"class":78},[64,24796,24797],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,24798,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,24800,24801,24803,24805,24807,24810,24812],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,24802,125],{"class":108},[64,24804,112],{"class":78},[64,24806,2686],{"class":320},[64,24808,24809],{"class":329},"Available fields:",[64,24811,2686],{"class":320},[64,24813,119],{"class":78},[64,24815,24816,24818,24820,24822,24825,24827,24829],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,24817,5552],{"class":368},[64,24819,17828],{"class":70},[64,24821,375],{"class":368},[64,24823,24824],{"class":70}," product",[64,24826,148],{"class":78},[64,24828,16541],{"class":115},[64,24830,21216],{"class":78},[64,24832,24833,24835,24837,24839],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,24834,7670],{"class":108},[64,24836,112],{"class":78},[64,24838,14457],{"class":115},[64,24840,119],{"class":78},[20,24842,24843],{},[221,24844,384],{},[55,24846,24848],{"className":57,"code":24847,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,24849,24850,24857,24861,24866],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,24851,24852,24855],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,24853,24854],{"class":70},"Available fields",[64,24856,5989],{"class":78},[64,24858,24859],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,24860,24667],{"class":70},[64,24862,24863],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,24864,24865],{"class":70},"price\n",[64,24867,24868],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,24869,24870],{"class":70},"stock\n",[20,24872,24873],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[55,24875,24877],{"className":57,"code":24876,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,24878,24879,24915,24919],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,24880,24881,24883,24885,24887,24889,24891,24893,24895,24897,24899,24901,24903,24905,24907,24909,24911,24913],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,24882,24746],{"class":70},[64,24884,75],{"class":74},[64,24886,10098],{"class":78},[64,24888,2686],{"class":320},[64,24890,7267],{"class":329},[64,24892,2686],{"class":320},[64,24894,160],{"class":78},[64,24896,3184],{"class":320},[64,24898,24763],{"class":329},[64,24900,2686],{"class":320},[64,24902,86],{"class":78},[64,24904,3184],{"class":320},[64,24906,24772],{"class":329},[64,24908,2686],{"class":320},[64,24910,160],{"class":78},[64,24912,24779],{"class":82},[64,24914,8915],{"class":78},[64,24916,24917],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,24918,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,24920,24921,24923,24925,24927,24929,24931,24933,24935,24937,24939],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,24922,125],{"class":108},[64,24924,112],{"class":78},[64,24926,2686],{"class":320},[64,24928,7267],{"class":329},[64,24930,2686],{"class":320},[64,24932,20794],{"class":368},[64,24934,24824],{"class":115},[64,24936,148],{"class":78},[64,24938,16541],{"class":115},[64,24940,6792],{"class":78},[20,24942,24943,24944,148],{},"This works and returns ",[15,24945,47],{},[20,24947,24948],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[55,24950,24952],{"className":57,"code":24951,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,24953,24954],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,24955,24956,24958,24960,24962,24964,24966,24968,24970],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,24957,125],{"class":108},[64,24959,112],{"class":78},[64,24961,2686],{"class":320},[64,24963,7267],{"class":329},[64,24965,2686],{"class":320},[64,24967,20794],{"class":368},[64,24969,24824],{"class":115},[64,24971,119],{"class":78},[20,24973,24974,24975,148],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[285,24976,20827],{"href":16771},[50,24978,24980],{"id":24979},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,24982,24983,24984,148],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,24985,16683],{},[428,24987,8056,24989,24991],{"id":24988},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,24990,16683],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,24993,24994,24996],{},[15,24995,16683],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,24998,916],{},[55,25000,25002],{"className":57,"code":25001,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25003,25004,25040],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,25005,25006,25008,25010,25012,25014,25016,25018,25020,25022,25024,25026,25028,25030,25032,25034,25036,25038],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,25007,8771],{"class":70},[64,25009,75],{"class":74},[64,25011,10098],{"class":78},[64,25013,2686],{"class":320},[64,25015,7267],{"class":329},[64,25017,2686],{"class":320},[64,25019,160],{"class":78},[64,25021,3184],{"class":320},[64,25023,12494],{"class":329},[64,25025,2686],{"class":320},[64,25027,86],{"class":78},[64,25029,3184],{"class":320},[64,25031,8905],{"class":329},[64,25033,2686],{"class":320},[64,25035,160],{"class":78},[64,25037,7390],{"class":82},[64,25039,8915],{"class":78},[64,25041,25042,25044,25046,25048,25050,25052],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,25043,125],{"class":108},[64,25045,112],{"class":78},[64,25047,8810],{"class":115},[64,25049,148],{"class":78},[64,25051,16541],{"class":115},[64,25053,6792],{"class":78},[20,25055,25056],{},[221,25057,384],{},[55,25059,25061],{"className":57,"code":25060,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25062,25063],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,25064,25065,25067,25069,25071,25073,25075,25077,25079,25081,25083],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,25066,16632],{"class":115},[64,25068,354],{"class":78},[64,25070,333],{"class":320},[64,25072,7267],{"class":329},[64,25074,333],{"class":320},[64,25076,86],{"class":78},[64,25078,326],{"class":320},[64,25080,8905],{"class":329},[64,25082,333],{"class":320},[64,25084,381],{"class":78},[20,25086,25087,25088,148],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[285,25089,25090],{"href":16693},[15,25091,16696],{},[428,25093,25095,25096],{"id":25094},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25097,16632],{},[20,25099,25100],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[55,25102,25104],{"className":57,"code":25103,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25105,25106],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,25107,25108,25110,25112,25114,25116,25118,25120,25122,25124],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,25109,394],{"class":78},[64,25111,333],{"class":320},[64,25113,7267],{"class":329},[64,25115,333],{"class":320},[64,25117,86],{"class":78},[64,25119,326],{"class":320},[64,25121,8905],{"class":329},[64,25123,333],{"class":320},[64,25125,97],{"class":78},[20,25127,25128,25129,25131],{},"But ",[15,25130,16683],{}," returns:",[55,25133,25134],{"className":57,"code":25060,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,25135,25136],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,25137,25138,25140,25142,25144,25146,25148,25150,25152,25154,25156],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,25139,16632],{"class":115},[64,25141,354],{"class":78},[64,25143,333],{"class":320},[64,25145,7267],{"class":329},[64,25147,333],{"class":320},[64,25149,86],{"class":78},[64,25151,326],{"class":320},[64,25153,8905],{"class":329},[64,25155,333],{"class":320},[64,25157,381],{"class":78},[20,25159,25160],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[55,25162,25164],{"className":57,"code":25163,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25165,25166,25202,25221,25225],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,25167,25168,25170,25172,25174,25176,25178,25180,25182,25184,25186,25188,25190,25192,25194,25196,25198,25200],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,25169,8771],{"class":70},[64,25171,75],{"class":74},[64,25173,10098],{"class":78},[64,25175,2686],{"class":320},[64,25177,7267],{"class":329},[64,25179,2686],{"class":320},[64,25181,160],{"class":78},[64,25183,3184],{"class":320},[64,25185,12494],{"class":329},[64,25187,2686],{"class":320},[64,25189,86],{"class":78},[64,25191,3184],{"class":320},[64,25193,8905],{"class":329},[64,25195,2686],{"class":320},[64,25197,160],{"class":78},[64,25199,7390],{"class":82},[64,25201,8915],{"class":78},[64,25203,25204,25207,25209,25211,25213,25215,25217,25219],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,25205,25206],{"class":70},"key_list ",[64,25208,75],{"class":74},[64,25210,22181],{"class":357},[64,25212,112],{"class":78},[64,25214,8810],{"class":115},[64,25216,148],{"class":78},[64,25218,16541],{"class":115},[64,25220,6792],{"class":78},[64,25222,25223],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,25224,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,25226,25227,25229,25231,25234],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,25228,125],{"class":108},[64,25230,112],{"class":78},[64,25232,25233],{"class":115},"key_list",[64,25235,119],{"class":78},[428,25237,25239,25240,25242],{"id":25238},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25241,16683],{}," on a list or string",[20,25244,25245,25247],{},[15,25246,16683],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25249,2668],{},[55,25251,25253],{"className":57,"code":25252,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25254,25255,25275],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,25256,25257,25259,25261,25263,25265,25267,25269,25271,25273],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,25258,71],{"class":70},[64,25260,75],{"class":74},[64,25262,79],{"class":78},[64,25264,83],{"class":82},[64,25266,86],{"class":78},[64,25268,89],{"class":82},[64,25270,86],{"class":78},[64,25272,94],{"class":82},[64,25274,97],{"class":78},[64,25276,25277,25279,25281,25283,25285,25287],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,25278,125],{"class":108},[64,25280,112],{"class":78},[64,25282,116],{"class":115},[64,25284,148],{"class":78},[64,25286,16541],{"class":115},[64,25288,6792],{"class":78},[20,25290,25291,25292,25295,25296,25298,25299,148],{},"You may get an ",[15,25293,25294],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25297,16683],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[285,25300,25302,25303,25306],{"href":25301},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25304,25305],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[428,25308,25310],{"id":25309},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25312,25313],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[55,25315,25317],{"className":57,"code":25316,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25318,25319,25343],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,25320,25321,25323,25325,25327,25329,25331,25333,25335,25337,25339,25341],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,25322,8771],{"class":70},[64,25324,75],{"class":74},[64,25326,10098],{"class":78},[64,25328,2686],{"class":320},[64,25330,7267],{"class":329},[64,25332,2686],{"class":320},[64,25334,160],{"class":78},[64,25336,3184],{"class":320},[64,25338,12494],{"class":329},[64,25340,2686],{"class":320},[64,25342,8915],{"class":78},[64,25344,25345,25347,25349,25351,25353,25355],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,25346,125],{"class":108},[64,25348,112],{"class":78},[64,25350,8810],{"class":115},[64,25352,148],{"class":78},[64,25354,16541],{"class":24372},[64,25356,119],{"class":78},[20,25358,25359],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25361,18314],{},[55,25363,25365],{"className":57,"code":25364,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25366,25367],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,25368,25369,25371,25373,25375,25377,25379],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,25370,125],{"class":108},[64,25372,112],{"class":78},[64,25374,8810],{"class":115},[64,25376,148],{"class":78},[64,25378,16541],{"class":115},[64,25380,6792],{"class":78},[50,25382,2661],{"id":2660},[20,25384,25385,25386,160],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25387,16683],{},[30,25389,25390,25395,25401,25407],{},[33,25391,8020,25392,25394],{},[15,25393,16683],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[33,25396,25397,25398,25400],{},"Thinking ",[15,25399,16683],{}," returns values too",[33,25402,25403,25404,25406],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25405,16632],{}," like a normal list",[33,25408,25409,25410,25412],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25411,16632],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25414,25415],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[55,25417,25419],{"className":57,"code":25418,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25420,25421,25453,25467,25471,25481],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,25422,25423,25425,25427,25429,25431,25433,25435,25437,25439,25441,25443,25445,25447,25449,25451],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,25424,8771],{"class":70},[64,25426,75],{"class":74},[64,25428,10098],{"class":78},[64,25430,2686],{"class":320},[64,25432,285],{"class":329},[64,25434,2686],{"class":320},[64,25436,160],{"class":78},[64,25438,5091],{"class":82},[64,25440,86],{"class":78},[64,25442,3184],{"class":320},[64,25444,1269],{"class":329},[64,25446,2686],{"class":320},[64,25448,160],{"class":78},[64,25450,89],{"class":82},[64,25452,8915],{"class":78},[64,25454,25455,25457,25459,25461,25463,25465],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,25456,16860],{"class":70},[64,25458,75],{"class":74},[64,25460,14182],{"class":70},[64,25462,148],{"class":78},[64,25464,16541],{"class":115},[64,25466,8247],{"class":78},[64,25468,25469],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,25470,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,25472,25473,25475,25477,25479],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,25474,125],{"class":108},[64,25476,112],{"class":78},[64,25478,16541],{"class":115},[64,25480,119],{"class":78},[64,25482,25483],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,25484,25485],{"class":136},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25487,25488],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[55,25490,25492],{"className":57,"code":25491,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25493,25494,25526,25544,25548],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,25495,25496,25498,25500,25502,25504,25506,25508,25510,25512,25514,25516,25518,25520,25522,25524],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,25497,8771],{"class":70},[64,25499,75],{"class":74},[64,25501,10098],{"class":78},[64,25503,2686],{"class":320},[64,25505,285],{"class":329},[64,25507,2686],{"class":320},[64,25509,160],{"class":78},[64,25511,5091],{"class":82},[64,25513,86],{"class":78},[64,25515,3184],{"class":320},[64,25517,1269],{"class":329},[64,25519,2686],{"class":320},[64,25521,160],{"class":78},[64,25523,89],{"class":82},[64,25525,8915],{"class":78},[64,25527,25528,25530,25532,25534,25536,25538,25540,25542],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,25529,16860],{"class":70},[64,25531,75],{"class":74},[64,25533,22181],{"class":357},[64,25535,112],{"class":78},[64,25537,8810],{"class":115},[64,25539,148],{"class":78},[64,25541,16541],{"class":115},[64,25543,6792],{"class":78},[64,25545,25546],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,25547,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,25549,25550,25552,25554,25556,25558,25560],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,25551,125],{"class":108},[64,25553,112],{"class":78},[64,25555,16541],{"class":115},[64,25557,394],{"class":78},[64,25559,243],{"class":82},[64,25561,381],{"class":78},[50,25563,25565],{"id":25564},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25567,10722],{},[55,25569,25571],{"className":57,"code":25570,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25572,25573,25587,25597,25611],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,25574,25575,25577,25579,25581,25583,25585],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,25576,125],{"class":108},[64,25578,112],{"class":78},[64,25580,3052],{"class":357},[64,25582,112],{"class":78},[64,25584,11060],{"class":115},[64,25586,471],{"class":78},[64,25588,25589,25591,25593,25595],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,25590,125],{"class":108},[64,25592,112],{"class":78},[64,25594,11060],{"class":115},[64,25596,119],{"class":78},[64,25598,25599,25601,25603,25605,25607,25609],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,25600,125],{"class":108},[64,25602,112],{"class":78},[64,25604,11060],{"class":115},[64,25606,148],{"class":78},[64,25608,16541],{"class":115},[64,25610,6792],{"class":78},[64,25612,25613,25615,25617,25619,25621,25623,25625,25627],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,25614,125],{"class":108},[64,25616,112],{"class":78},[64,25618,7695],{"class":357},[64,25620,112],{"class":78},[64,25622,11060],{"class":115},[64,25624,148],{"class":78},[64,25626,16541],{"class":115},[64,25628,5885],{"class":78},[20,25630,25631],{},"These help you confirm:",[30,25633,25634,25637,25640,25645],{},[33,25635,25636],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[33,25638,25639],{},"what data it contains",[33,25641,25642,25643,11317],{},"what ",[15,25644,16683],{},[33,25646,25647],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[50,25649,1651],{"id":1650},[428,25651,23540,25653,1658],{"id":25652},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25654,16683],{},[20,25656,17040,25657,25659],{},[15,25658,16632],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[428,25661,14519,25663,25666],{"id":25662},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25664,25665],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25668,25669,25670,25672,25673,148],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25671,16632],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25674,25675],{},"list(dict.keys())",[428,25677,25679,25680,1677],{"id":25678},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25681,25665],{},[20,25683,25684,25685,25687],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25686,5552],{}," loop.",[428,25689,25691,25692,25694],{"id":25690},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,25693,16683],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,25696,25697,25698,25700],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,25699,16683],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[428,25702,25704],{"id":25703},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,25706,1923,25707,148],{},[15,25708,25709],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[50,25711,1717],{"id":1716},[30,25713,25714,25719,25725,25731,25737,25741],{},[33,25715,25716],{},[285,25717,25718],{"href":8997},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[33,25720,25721],{},[285,25722,10345,25723,10349],{"href":16686},[15,25724,16689],{},[33,25726,25727],{},[285,25728,10345,25729,10349],{"href":16693},[15,25730,16696],{},[33,25732,25733],{},[285,25734,25736],{"href":25735},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[33,25738,25739],{},[285,25740,16772],{"href":16771},[33,25742,25743],{},[285,25744,25745,25746,25306],{"href":25301},"How to fix ",[15,25747,25305],{},[1751,25749,25750],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":25752},[25753,25754,25756,25757,25758,25759,25760,25762,25771,25772,25773,25784],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":23871,"depth":100,"text":25755},"What keys() does",{"id":5380,"depth":100,"text":5381},{"id":5023,"depth":100,"text":5024},{"id":17036,"depth":100,"text":17037},{"id":24561,"depth":100,"text":24562},{"id":24717,"depth":100,"text":25761},"When to use keys()",{"id":24979,"depth":100,"text":24980,"children":25763},[25764,25766,25768,25770],{"id":24988,"depth":122,"text":25765},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25094,"depth":122,"text":25767},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25238,"depth":122,"text":25769},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25309,"depth":122,"text":25310},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":25564,"depth":100,"text":25565},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":25774},[25775,25777,25779,25781,25783],{"id":25652,"depth":122,"text":25776},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25662,"depth":122,"text":25778},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25678,"depth":122,"text":25780},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25690,"depth":122,"text":25782},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25703,"depth":122,"text":25704},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23693,"description":25785},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25791,"title":25792,"body":25793,"description":28066,"extension":1791,"meta":28067,"navigation":346,"path":28068,"seo":28069,"stem":28070,"__hash__":28071},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":25794,"toc":28019},[25795,25800,25805,25808,25810,25956,25969,25974,25978,25992,25994,26097,26106,26108,26111,26149,26174,26176,26283,26285,26292,26295,26303,26305,26446,26454,26459,26463,26474,26476,26638,26641,26649,26656,26662,26759,26765,26842,26845,26857,26862,26868,26871,26875,26964,26967,26971,27075,27082,27169,27178,27180,27185,27191,27194,27240,27243,27309,27318,27324,27417,27423,27429,27472,27475,27540,27546,27638,27641,27645,27651,27676,27679,27775,27782,27784,27789,27880,27882,27910,27915,27917,27924,27927,27931,27941,27946,27949,27956,27966,27973,27981,27983,28016],[10,25796,10928,25798,10932],{"id":25797},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,25799,12376],{},[20,25801,25802,25804],{},[15,25803,12182],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,25806,25807],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[50,25809,53],{"id":52},[55,25811,25813],{"className":57,"code":25812,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,25814,25815,25851,25875,25889,25902,25906,25911,25943],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,25816,25817,25819,25821,25823,25825,25827,25829,25831,25833,25835,25837,25839,25841,25843,25845,25847,25849],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,25818,12819],{"class":70},[64,25820,75],{"class":74},[64,25822,10098],{"class":78},[64,25824,2686],{"class":320},[64,25826,7267],{"class":329},[64,25828,2686],{"class":320},[64,25830,160],{"class":78},[64,25832,3184],{"class":320},[64,25834,12494],{"class":329},[64,25836,2686],{"class":320},[64,25838,86],{"class":78},[64,25840,3184],{"class":320},[64,25842,8905],{"class":329},[64,25844,2686],{"class":320},[64,25846,160],{"class":78},[64,25848,8912],{"class":82},[64,25850,8915],{"class":78},[64,25852,25853,25856,25858,25860,25862,25865,25867,25869,25871,25873],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,25854,25855],{"class":70},"removed_age ",[64,25857,75],{"class":74},[64,25859,12862],{"class":70},[64,25861,148],{"class":78},[64,25863,25864],{"class":115},"pop",[64,25866,112],{"class":78},[64,25868,2686],{"class":320},[64,25870,8905],{"class":329},[64,25872,2686],{"class":320},[64,25874,119],{"class":78},[64,25876,25877,25879,25881,25884,25886],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,25878,125],{"class":108},[64,25880,112],{"class":78},[64,25882,25883],{"class":115},"removed_age",[64,25885,133],{"class":78},[64,25887,25888],{"class":136},"   # 25\n",[64,25890,25891,25893,25895,25897,25899],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,25892,125],{"class":108},[64,25894,112],{"class":78},[64,25896,16925],{"class":115},[64,25898,133],{"class":78},[64,25900,25901],{"class":136},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[64,25903,25904],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,25905,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,25907,25908],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,25909,25910],{"class":136},"# Safe version with default value\n",[64,25912,25913,25916,25918,25920,25922,25924,25926,25928,25930,25932,25934,25936,25939,25941],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,25914,25915],{"class":70},"country ",[64,25917,75],{"class":74},[64,25919,12862],{"class":70},[64,25921,148],{"class":78},[64,25923,25864],{"class":115},[64,25925,112],{"class":78},[64,25927,2686],{"class":320},[64,25929,14878],{"class":329},[64,25931,2686],{"class":320},[64,25933,86],{"class":78},[64,25935,3184],{"class":320},[64,25937,25938],{"class":329},"Not found",[64,25940,2686],{"class":320},[64,25942,119],{"class":78},[64,25944,25945,25947,25949,25951,25953],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,25946,125],{"class":108},[64,25948,112],{"class":78},[64,25950,14878],{"class":115},[64,25952,133],{"class":78},[64,25954,25955],{"class":136},"       # Not found\n",[20,25957,1923,25958,25961,25962,25965,25966,25968],{},[15,25959,25960],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,25963,25964],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,25967,19307],{}," when the key might not exist.",[50,25970,152,25972,155],{"id":25971},"what-dictpop-does",[15,25973,12182],{},[20,25975,25976,160],{},[15,25977,12182],{},[30,25979,25980,25983,25986,25989],{},[33,25981,25982],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[33,25984,25985],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[33,25987,25988],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[33,25990,25991],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,25993,916],{},[55,25995,25997],{"className":57,"code":25996,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,25998,25999,26039,26043,26066,26070,26084],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,26000,26001,26003,26005,26007,26009,26011,26013,26015,26017,26019,26021,26023,26025,26027,26029,26031,26033,26035,26037],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,26002,11099],{"class":70},[64,26004,75],{"class":74},[64,26006,10098],{"class":78},[64,26008,2686],{"class":320},[64,26010,7267],{"class":329},[64,26012,2686],{"class":320},[64,26014,160],{"class":78},[64,26016,3184],{"class":320},[64,26018,12836],{"class":329},[64,26020,2686],{"class":320},[64,26022,86],{"class":78},[64,26024,3184],{"class":320},[64,26026,10016],{"class":329},[64,26028,2686],{"class":320},[64,26030,160],{"class":78},[64,26032,3184],{"class":320},[64,26034,10023],{"class":329},[64,26036,2686],{"class":320},[64,26038,8915],{"class":78},[64,26040,26041],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,26042,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,26044,26045,26048,26050,26052,26054,26056,26058,26060,26062,26064],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,26046,26047],{"class":70},"removed_city ",[64,26049,75],{"class":74},[64,26051,11182],{"class":70},[64,26053,148],{"class":78},[64,26055,25864],{"class":115},[64,26057,112],{"class":78},[64,26059,2686],{"class":320},[64,26061,10016],{"class":329},[64,26063,2686],{"class":320},[64,26065,119],{"class":78},[64,26067,26068],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,26069,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,26071,26072,26074,26076,26079,26081],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,26073,125],{"class":108},[64,26075,112],{"class":78},[64,26077,26078],{"class":115},"removed_city",[64,26080,133],{"class":78},[64,26082,26083],{"class":136},"  # Paris\n",[64,26085,26086,26088,26090,26092,26094],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,26087,125],{"class":108},[64,26089,112],{"class":78},[64,26091,11193],{"class":115},[64,26093,133],{"class":78},[64,26095,26096],{"class":136},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26098,20391,26099,26102,26103,148],{},[15,26100,26101],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26104,26105],{},"\"Paris\"",[50,26107,1988],{"id":1987},[20,26109,26110],{},"There are two common forms:",[55,26112,26114],{"className":57,"code":26113,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26115,26116,26130],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,26117,26118,26120,26122,26124,26126,26128],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,26119,11060],{"class":70},[64,26121,148],{"class":78},[64,26123,25864],{"class":115},[64,26125,112],{"class":78},[64,26127,14457],{"class":115},[64,26129,119],{"class":78},[64,26131,26132,26134,26136,26138,26140,26142,26144,26147],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,26133,11060],{"class":70},[64,26135,148],{"class":78},[64,26137,25864],{"class":115},[64,26139,112],{"class":78},[64,26141,14457],{"class":115},[64,26143,86],{"class":78},[64,26145,26146],{"class":115}," default",[64,26148,119],{"class":78},[30,26150,26151,26157,26165,26171],{},[33,26152,26153,26156],{},[15,26154,26155],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[33,26158,26159,26161,26162,26164],{},[15,26160,26155],{}," raises ",[15,26163,19307],{}," if the key is missing",[33,26166,26167,26170],{},[15,26168,26169],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[33,26172,26173],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26175,916],{},[55,26177,26179],{"className":57,"code":26178,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26180,26181,26213,26217,26242,26270],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,26182,26183,26185,26187,26189,26191,26193,26195,26197,26199,26201,26203,26205,26207,26209,26211],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,26184,1574],{"class":70},[64,26186,75],{"class":74},[64,26188,10098],{"class":78},[64,26190,2686],{"class":320},[64,26192,18036],{"class":329},[64,26194,2686],{"class":320},[64,26196,160],{"class":78},[64,26198,19518],{"class":82},[64,26200,86],{"class":78},[64,26202,3184],{"class":320},[64,26204,18045],{"class":329},[64,26206,2686],{"class":320},[64,26208,160],{"class":78},[64,26210,13122],{"class":82},[64,26212,8915],{"class":78},[64,26214,26215],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,26216,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,26218,26219,26221,26223,26225,26227,26229,26231,26233,26235,26237,26239],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,26220,125],{"class":108},[64,26222,112],{"class":78},[64,26224,16006],{"class":115},[64,26226,148],{"class":78},[64,26228,25864],{"class":115},[64,26230,112],{"class":78},[64,26232,2686],{"class":320},[64,26234,18036],{"class":329},[64,26236,2686],{"class":320},[64,26238,4954],{"class":78},[64,26240,26241],{"class":136},"         # 90\n",[64,26243,26244,26246,26248,26250,26252,26254,26256,26258,26260,26262,26264,26266,26268],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,26245,125],{"class":108},[64,26247,112],{"class":78},[64,26249,16006],{"class":115},[64,26251,148],{"class":78},[64,26253,25864],{"class":115},[64,26255,112],{"class":78},[64,26257,2686],{"class":320},[64,26259,18054],{"class":329},[64,26261,2686],{"class":320},[64,26263,86],{"class":78},[64,26265,315],{"class":82},[64,26267,4954],{"class":78},[64,26269,20388],{"class":136},[64,26271,26272,26274,26276,26278,26280],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,26273,125],{"class":108},[64,26275,112],{"class":78},[64,26277,16006],{"class":115},[64,26279,133],{"class":78},[64,26281,26282],{"class":136},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[50,26284,17037],{"id":17036},[20,26286,26287,13669,26289,26291],{},[15,26288,12376],{},[221,26290,1138],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26293,26294],{},"Instead, it returns:",[30,26296,26297,26300],{},[33,26298,26299],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[33,26301,26302],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26304,916],{},[55,26306,26308],{"className":57,"code":26307,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26309,26310,26342,26346,26369,26401,26405,26419,26433],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,26311,26312,26314,26316,26318,26320,26322,26324,26326,26328,26330,26332,26334,26336,26338,26340],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,26313,8771],{"class":70},[64,26315,75],{"class":74},[64,26317,10098],{"class":78},[64,26319,2686],{"class":320},[64,26321,285],{"class":329},[64,26323,2686],{"class":320},[64,26325,160],{"class":78},[64,26327,5599],{"class":82},[64,26329,86],{"class":78},[64,26331,3184],{"class":320},[64,26333,1269],{"class":329},[64,26335,2686],{"class":320},[64,26337,160],{"class":78},[64,26339,7390],{"class":82},[64,26341,8915],{"class":78},[64,26343,26344],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,26345,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,26347,26348,26351,26353,26355,26357,26359,26361,26363,26365,26367],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,26349,26350],{"class":70},"result1 ",[64,26352,75],{"class":74},[64,26354,14182],{"class":70},[64,26356,148],{"class":78},[64,26358,25864],{"class":115},[64,26360,112],{"class":78},[64,26362,2686],{"class":320},[64,26364,285],{"class":329},[64,26366,2686],{"class":320},[64,26368,119],{"class":78},[64,26370,26371,26374,26376,26378,26380,26382,26384,26386,26388,26390,26392,26394,26397,26399],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,26372,26373],{"class":70},"result2 ",[64,26375,75],{"class":74},[64,26377,14182],{"class":70},[64,26379,148],{"class":78},[64,26381,25864],{"class":115},[64,26383,112],{"class":78},[64,26385,2686],{"class":320},[64,26387,9346],{"class":329},[64,26389,2686],{"class":320},[64,26391,86],{"class":78},[64,26393,3184],{"class":320},[64,26395,26396],{"class":329},"missing",[64,26398,2686],{"class":320},[64,26400,119],{"class":78},[64,26402,26403],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,26404,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,26406,26407,26409,26411,26414,26416],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,26408,125],{"class":108},[64,26410,112],{"class":78},[64,26412,26413],{"class":115},"result1",[64,26415,133],{"class":78},[64,26417,26418],{"class":136},"  # 10\n",[64,26420,26421,26423,26425,26428,26430],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,26422,125],{"class":108},[64,26424,112],{"class":78},[64,26426,26427],{"class":115},"result2",[64,26429,133],{"class":78},[64,26431,26432],{"class":136},"  # missing\n",[64,26434,26435,26437,26439,26441,26443],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,26436,125],{"class":108},[64,26438,112],{"class":78},[64,26440,8810],{"class":115},[64,26442,133],{"class":78},[64,26444,26445],{"class":136},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26447,26448,26449,6228],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[285,26450,26451],{"href":10344},[15,26452,26453],{},"dict.get()",[50,26455,1471,26457],{"id":26456},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26458,12376],{},[20,26460,1923,26461,10209],{},[15,26462,12376],{},[30,26464,26465,26468,26471],{},[33,26466,26467],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[33,26469,26470],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[33,26472,26473],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26475,916],{},[55,26477,26479],{"className":57,"code":26478,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26480,26481,26533,26537,26564,26568,26592,26596,26610,26624],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,26482,26483,26485,26487,26489,26491,26493,26495,26497,26499,26502,26504,26506,26508,26510,26512,26514,26517,26519,26521,26524,26526,26528,26531],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,26484,24746],{"class":70},[64,26486,75],{"class":74},[64,26488,10098],{"class":78},[64,26490,2686],{"class":320},[64,26492,7267],{"class":329},[64,26494,2686],{"class":320},[64,26496,160],{"class":78},[64,26498,3184],{"class":320},[64,26500,26501],{"class":329},"Laptop",[64,26503,2686],{"class":320},[64,26505,86],{"class":78},[64,26507,3184],{"class":320},[64,26509,24772],{"class":329},[64,26511,2686],{"class":320},[64,26513,160],{"class":78},[64,26515,26516],{"class":82}," 1200",[64,26518,86],{"class":78},[64,26520,3184],{"class":320},[64,26522,26523],{"class":329},"discount",[64,26525,2686],{"class":320},[64,26527,160],{"class":78},[64,26529,26530],{"class":82}," 200",[64,26532,8915],{"class":78},[64,26534,26535],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,26536,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,26538,26539,26542,26544,26546,26548,26550,26552,26554,26556,26558,26560,26562],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,26540,26541],{"class":70},"discount_amount ",[64,26543,75],{"class":74},[64,26545,24824],{"class":70},[64,26547,148],{"class":78},[64,26549,25864],{"class":115},[64,26551,112],{"class":78},[64,26553,2686],{"class":320},[64,26555,26523],{"class":329},[64,26557,2686],{"class":320},[64,26559,86],{"class":78},[64,26561,315],{"class":82},[64,26563,119],{"class":78},[64,26565,26566],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,26567,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,26569,26570,26573,26575,26577,26579,26581,26583,26585,26587,26589],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,26571,26572],{"class":70},"final_price ",[64,26574,75],{"class":74},[64,26576,24824],{"class":70},[64,26578,394],{"class":78},[64,26580,2686],{"class":320},[64,26582,24772],{"class":329},[64,26584,2686],{"class":320},[64,26586,12888],{"class":78},[64,26588,812],{"class":74},[64,26590,26591],{"class":70}," discount_amount\n",[64,26593,26594],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,26595,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,26597,26598,26600,26602,26605,26607],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,26599,125],{"class":108},[64,26601,112],{"class":78},[64,26603,26604],{"class":115},"discount_amount",[64,26606,133],{"class":78},[64,26608,26609],{"class":136},"  # 200\n",[64,26611,26612,26614,26616,26619,26621],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,26613,125],{"class":108},[64,26615,112],{"class":78},[64,26617,26618],{"class":115},"final_price",[64,26620,133],{"class":78},[64,26622,26623],{"class":136},"      # 1000\n",[64,26625,26626,26628,26630,26633,26635],{"class":66,"line":6028},[64,26627,125],{"class":108},[64,26629,112],{"class":78},[64,26631,26632],{"class":115},"product",[64,26634,133],{"class":78},[64,26636,26637],{"class":136},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26639,26640],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[50,26642,26644,10193,26646],{"id":26643},"pop-vs-del",[15,26645,12376],{},[15,26647,26648],{},"del",[20,26650,10198,26651,896,26653,26655],{},[15,26652,12376],{},[15,26654,26648],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[428,26657,1923,26659,26661],{"id":26658},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26660,12376],{}," when you need the removed value",[55,26663,26665],{"className":57,"code":26664,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26666,26667,26703,26707,26729,26733,26746],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,26668,26669,26671,26673,26675,26677,26679,26681,26683,26685,26687,26689,26691,26693,26695,26697,26699,26701],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,26670,12819],{"class":70},[64,26672,75],{"class":74},[64,26674,10098],{"class":78},[64,26676,2686],{"class":320},[64,26678,7267],{"class":329},[64,26680,2686],{"class":320},[64,26682,160],{"class":78},[64,26684,3184],{"class":320},[64,26686,12494],{"class":329},[64,26688,2686],{"class":320},[64,26690,86],{"class":78},[64,26692,3184],{"class":320},[64,26694,8905],{"class":329},[64,26696,2686],{"class":320},[64,26698,160],{"class":78},[64,26700,8912],{"class":82},[64,26702,8915],{"class":78},[64,26704,26705],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,26706,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,26708,26709,26711,26713,26715,26717,26719,26721,26723,26725,26727],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,26710,21249],{"class":70},[64,26712,75],{"class":74},[64,26714,12862],{"class":70},[64,26716,148],{"class":78},[64,26718,25864],{"class":115},[64,26720,112],{"class":78},[64,26722,2686],{"class":320},[64,26724,8905],{"class":329},[64,26726,2686],{"class":320},[64,26728,119],{"class":78},[64,26730,26731],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,26732,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,26734,26735,26737,26739,26741,26743],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,26736,125],{"class":108},[64,26738,112],{"class":78},[64,26740,8905],{"class":115},[64,26742,133],{"class":78},[64,26744,26745],{"class":136},"     # 25\n",[64,26747,26748,26750,26752,26754,26756],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,26749,125],{"class":108},[64,26751,112],{"class":78},[64,26753,16925],{"class":115},[64,26755,133],{"class":78},[64,26757,26758],{"class":136},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[428,26760,1923,26762,26764],{"id":26761},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,26763,26648],{}," when you only want deletion",[55,26766,26768],{"className":57,"code":26767,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26769,26770,26806,26810,26826,26830],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,26771,26772,26774,26776,26778,26780,26782,26784,26786,26788,26790,26792,26794,26796,26798,26800,26802,26804],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,26773,12819],{"class":70},[64,26775,75],{"class":74},[64,26777,10098],{"class":78},[64,26779,2686],{"class":320},[64,26781,7267],{"class":329},[64,26783,2686],{"class":320},[64,26785,160],{"class":78},[64,26787,3184],{"class":320},[64,26789,12494],{"class":329},[64,26791,2686],{"class":320},[64,26793,86],{"class":78},[64,26795,3184],{"class":320},[64,26797,8905],{"class":329},[64,26799,2686],{"class":320},[64,26801,160],{"class":78},[64,26803,8912],{"class":82},[64,26805,8915],{"class":78},[64,26807,26808],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,26809,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,26811,26812,26814,26816,26818,26820,26822,26824],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,26813,26648],{"class":368},[64,26815,12862],{"class":70},[64,26817,394],{"class":78},[64,26819,2686],{"class":320},[64,26821,8905],{"class":329},[64,26823,2686],{"class":320},[64,26825,97],{"class":78},[64,26827,26828],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,26829,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,26831,26832,26834,26836,26838,26840],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,26833,125],{"class":108},[64,26835,112],{"class":78},[64,26837,16925],{"class":115},[64,26839,133],{"class":78},[64,26841,26758],{"class":136},[20,26843,26844],{},"Difference:",[30,26846,26847,26852],{},[33,26848,26849,26851],{},[15,26850,12376],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[33,26853,26854,26856],{},[15,26855,26648],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,26858,26859,26860,148],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[285,26861,12187],{"href":12186},[50,26863,26865,26866],{"id":26864},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,26867,19307],{},[20,26869,26870],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[428,26872,26874],{"id":26873},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[55,26876,26878],{"className":57,"code":26877,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,26879,26880,26905,26909,26935,26939,26951],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,26881,26882,26884,26886,26888,26890,26892,26894,26896,26898,26901,26903],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,26883,11336],{"class":70},[64,26885,75],{"class":74},[64,26887,10098],{"class":78},[64,26889,2686],{"class":320},[64,26891,7267],{"class":329},[64,26893,2686],{"class":320},[64,26895,160],{"class":78},[64,26897,3184],{"class":320},[64,26899,26900],{"class":329},"Sara",[64,26902,2686],{"class":320},[64,26904,8915],{"class":78},[64,26906,26907],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,26908,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,26910,26911,26913,26915,26917,26919,26921,26923,26925,26927,26929,26931,26933],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,26912,2276],{"class":70},[64,26914,75],{"class":74},[64,26916,11378],{"class":70},[64,26918,148],{"class":78},[64,26920,25864],{"class":115},[64,26922,112],{"class":78},[64,26924,2686],{"class":320},[64,26926,8905],{"class":329},[64,26928,2686],{"class":320},[64,26930,86],{"class":78},[64,26932,339],{"class":338},[64,26934,119],{"class":78},[64,26936,26937],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,26938,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,26940,26941,26943,26945,26947,26949],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,26942,125],{"class":108},[64,26944,112],{"class":78},[64,26946,2302],{"class":115},[64,26948,133],{"class":78},[64,26950,20181],{"class":136},[64,26952,26953,26955,26957,26959,26961],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,26954,125],{"class":108},[64,26956,112],{"class":78},[64,26958,11060],{"class":115},[64,26960,133],{"class":78},[64,26962,26963],{"class":136}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,26965,26966],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[428,26968,26970],{"id":26969},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[55,26972,26974],{"className":57,"code":26973,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,26975,26976,27000,27004,27020,27043,27053,27060],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,26977,26978,26980,26982,26984,26986,26988,26990,26992,26994,26996,26998],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,26979,11336],{"class":70},[64,26981,75],{"class":74},[64,26983,10098],{"class":78},[64,26985,2686],{"class":320},[64,26987,7267],{"class":329},[64,26989,2686],{"class":320},[64,26991,160],{"class":78},[64,26993,3184],{"class":320},[64,26995,26900],{"class":329},[64,26997,2686],{"class":320},[64,26999,8915],{"class":78},[64,27001,27002],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,27003,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,27005,27006,27008,27010,27012,27014,27016,27018],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,27007,6595],{"class":368},[64,27009,3184],{"class":320},[64,27011,8905],{"class":329},[64,27013,2686],{"class":320},[64,27015,20794],{"class":74},[64,27017,11378],{"class":70},[64,27019,5989],{"class":78},[64,27021,27022,27025,27027,27029,27031,27033,27035,27037,27039,27041],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,27023,27024],{"class":70},"    value ",[64,27026,75],{"class":74},[64,27028,11378],{"class":70},[64,27030,148],{"class":78},[64,27032,25864],{"class":115},[64,27034,112],{"class":78},[64,27036,2686],{"class":320},[64,27038,8905],{"class":329},[64,27040,2686],{"class":320},[64,27042,119],{"class":78},[64,27044,27045,27047,27049,27051],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,27046,7670],{"class":108},[64,27048,112],{"class":78},[64,27050,2302],{"class":115},[64,27052,119],{"class":78},[64,27054,27055,27058],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,27056,27057],{"class":368},"else",[64,27059,5989],{"class":78},[64,27061,27062,27064,27066,27068,27071,27073],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,27063,7670],{"class":108},[64,27065,112],{"class":78},[64,27067,2686],{"class":320},[64,27069,27070],{"class":329},"Key not found",[64,27072,2686],{"class":320},[64,27074,119],{"class":78},[428,27076,27078,27079,27081],{"id":27077},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27080,10348],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[55,27083,27085],{"className":57,"code":27084,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27086,27087,27111,27115,27141,27145,27157],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,27088,27089,27091,27093,27095,27097,27099,27101,27103,27105,27107,27109],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,27090,11336],{"class":70},[64,27092,75],{"class":74},[64,27094,10098],{"class":78},[64,27096,2686],{"class":320},[64,27098,7267],{"class":329},[64,27100,2686],{"class":320},[64,27102,160],{"class":78},[64,27104,3184],{"class":320},[64,27106,26900],{"class":329},[64,27108,2686],{"class":320},[64,27110,8915],{"class":78},[64,27112,27113],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,27114,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,27116,27117,27119,27121,27123,27125,27127,27129,27131,27133,27135,27137,27139],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,27118,2276],{"class":70},[64,27120,75],{"class":74},[64,27122,11378],{"class":70},[64,27124,148],{"class":78},[64,27126,19370],{"class":115},[64,27128,112],{"class":78},[64,27130,2686],{"class":320},[64,27132,8905],{"class":329},[64,27134,2686],{"class":320},[64,27136,86],{"class":78},[64,27138,339],{"class":338},[64,27140,119],{"class":78},[64,27142,27143],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,27144,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,27146,27147,27149,27151,27153,27155],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,27148,125],{"class":108},[64,27150,112],{"class":78},[64,27152,2302],{"class":115},[64,27154,133],{"class":78},[64,27156,20181],{"class":136},[64,27158,27159,27161,27163,27165,27167],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,27160,125],{"class":108},[64,27162,112],{"class":78},[64,27164,11060],{"class":115},[64,27166,133],{"class":78},[64,27168,26963],{"class":136},[20,27170,1923,27171,27175,27176,148],{},[285,27172,27173],{"href":10344},[15,27174,26453],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[285,27177,10872],{"href":10683},[50,27179,1023],{"id":1022},[20,27181,27182,27183,148],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27184,12182],{},[428,27186,25397,27188,27190],{"id":27187},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27189,12376],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27192,27193],{},"Lists use indexes:",[55,27195,27197],{"className":57,"code":27196,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27198,27199,27219],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,27200,27201,27203,27205,27207,27209,27211,27213,27215,27217],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,27202,71],{"class":70},[64,27204,75],{"class":74},[64,27206,79],{"class":78},[64,27208,2160],{"class":82},[64,27210,86],{"class":78},[64,27212,7390],{"class":82},[64,27214,86],{"class":78},[64,27216,7395],{"class":82},[64,27218,97],{"class":78},[64,27220,27221,27223,27225,27227,27229,27231,27233,27235,27237],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,27222,125],{"class":108},[64,27224,112],{"class":78},[64,27226,116],{"class":115},[64,27228,148],{"class":78},[64,27230,25864],{"class":115},[64,27232,112],{"class":78},[64,27234,83],{"class":82},[64,27236,4954],{"class":78},[64,27238,27239],{"class":136},"  # 20\n",[20,27241,27242],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[55,27244,27246],{"className":57,"code":27245,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27247,27248,27284],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,27249,27250,27252,27254,27256,27258,27260,27262,27264,27266,27268,27270,27272,27274,27276,27278,27280,27282],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,27251,12819],{"class":70},[64,27253,75],{"class":74},[64,27255,10098],{"class":78},[64,27257,2686],{"class":320},[64,27259,7267],{"class":329},[64,27261,2686],{"class":320},[64,27263,160],{"class":78},[64,27265,3184],{"class":320},[64,27267,12494],{"class":329},[64,27269,2686],{"class":320},[64,27271,86],{"class":78},[64,27273,3184],{"class":320},[64,27275,8905],{"class":329},[64,27277,2686],{"class":320},[64,27279,160],{"class":78},[64,27281,8912],{"class":82},[64,27283,8915],{"class":78},[64,27285,27286,27288,27290,27292,27294,27296,27298,27300,27302,27304,27306],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,27287,125],{"class":108},[64,27289,112],{"class":78},[64,27291,16925],{"class":115},[64,27293,148],{"class":78},[64,27295,25864],{"class":115},[64,27297,112],{"class":78},[64,27299,2686],{"class":320},[64,27301,8905],{"class":329},[64,27303,2686],{"class":320},[64,27305,4954],{"class":78},[64,27307,27308],{"class":136},"  # 25\n",[20,27310,27311,27312,27314,27315,27317],{},"A dictionary does ",[221,27313,1138],{}," use positions with ",[15,27316,12376],{},". It uses keys.",[428,27319,1212,27321,27323],{"id":27320},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27322,12376],{}," changes the original dictionary",[55,27325,27327],{"className":57,"code":27326,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27328,27329,27361,27365,27387,27391,27404],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,27330,27331,27333,27335,27337,27339,27341,27343,27345,27347,27349,27351,27353,27355,27357,27359],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,27332,8771],{"class":70},[64,27334,75],{"class":74},[64,27336,10098],{"class":78},[64,27338,2686],{"class":320},[64,27340,363],{"class":329},[64,27342,2686],{"class":320},[64,27344,160],{"class":78},[64,27346,5091],{"class":82},[64,27348,86],{"class":78},[64,27350,3184],{"class":320},[64,27352,11357],{"class":329},[64,27354,2686],{"class":320},[64,27356,160],{"class":78},[64,27358,89],{"class":82},[64,27360,8915],{"class":78},[64,27362,27363],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,27364,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,27366,27367,27369,27371,27373,27375,27377,27379,27381,27383,27385],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,27368,2276],{"class":70},[64,27370,75],{"class":74},[64,27372,14182],{"class":70},[64,27374,148],{"class":78},[64,27376,25864],{"class":115},[64,27378,112],{"class":78},[64,27380,2686],{"class":320},[64,27382,363],{"class":329},[64,27384,2686],{"class":320},[64,27386,119],{"class":78},[64,27388,27389],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,27390,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,27392,27393,27395,27397,27399,27401],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,27394,125],{"class":108},[64,27396,112],{"class":78},[64,27398,2302],{"class":115},[64,27400,133],{"class":78},[64,27402,27403],{"class":136},"  # 1\n",[64,27405,27406,27408,27410,27412,27414],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,27407,125],{"class":108},[64,27409,112],{"class":78},[64,27411,8810],{"class":115},[64,27413,133],{"class":78},[64,27415,27416],{"class":136},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27418,27419,27420,27422],{},"After ",[15,27421,12376],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[428,27424,8020,27426,27428],{"id":27425},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27427,12376],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[55,27430,27432],{"className":57,"code":27431,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27433,27434,27458,27462,27467],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,27435,27436,27438,27440,27442,27444,27446,27448,27450,27452,27454,27456],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,27437,8771],{"class":70},[64,27439,75],{"class":74},[64,27441,10098],{"class":78},[64,27443,2686],{"class":320},[64,27445,7267],{"class":329},[64,27447,2686],{"class":320},[64,27449,160],{"class":78},[64,27451,3184],{"class":320},[64,27453,7522],{"class":329},[64,27455,2686],{"class":320},[64,27457,8915],{"class":78},[64,27459,27460],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,27461,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,27463,27464],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,27465,27466],{"class":136},"# This causes an error\n",[64,27468,27469],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,27470,27471],{"class":136},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27473,27474],{},"Safer version:",[55,27476,27478],{"className":57,"code":27477,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27479,27480,27504,27508],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,27481,27482,27484,27486,27488,27490,27492,27494,27496,27498,27500,27502],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,27483,8771],{"class":70},[64,27485,75],{"class":74},[64,27487,10098],{"class":78},[64,27489,2686],{"class":320},[64,27491,7267],{"class":329},[64,27493,2686],{"class":320},[64,27495,160],{"class":78},[64,27497,3184],{"class":320},[64,27499,7522],{"class":329},[64,27501,2686],{"class":320},[64,27503,8915],{"class":78},[64,27505,27506],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,27507,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,27509,27510,27512,27514,27516,27518,27520,27522,27524,27526,27528,27530,27532,27534,27536,27538],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,27511,125],{"class":108},[64,27513,112],{"class":78},[64,27515,8810],{"class":115},[64,27517,148],{"class":78},[64,27519,25864],{"class":115},[64,27521,112],{"class":78},[64,27523,2686],{"class":320},[64,27525,8905],{"class":329},[64,27527,2686],{"class":320},[64,27529,86],{"class":78},[64,27531,3184],{"class":320},[64,27533,26396],{"class":329},[64,27535,2686],{"class":320},[64,27537,4954],{"class":78},[64,27539,26432],{"class":136},[428,27541,8056,27543,27545],{"id":27542},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27544,12376],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[55,27547,27549],{"className":57,"code":27548,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27550,27551,27583,27587,27609,27613,27625],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,27552,27553,27555,27557,27559,27561,27563,27565,27567,27569,27571,27573,27575,27577,27579,27581],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,27554,8771],{"class":70},[64,27556,75],{"class":74},[64,27558,10098],{"class":78},[64,27560,2686],{"class":320},[64,27562,285],{"class":329},[64,27564,2686],{"class":320},[64,27566,160],{"class":78},[64,27568,5091],{"class":82},[64,27570,86],{"class":78},[64,27572,3184],{"class":320},[64,27574,1269],{"class":329},[64,27576,2686],{"class":320},[64,27578,160],{"class":78},[64,27580,89],{"class":82},[64,27582,8915],{"class":78},[64,27584,27585],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,27586,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,27588,27589,27591,27593,27595,27597,27599,27601,27603,27605,27607],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,27590,103],{"class":70},[64,27592,75],{"class":74},[64,27594,14182],{"class":70},[64,27596,148],{"class":78},[64,27598,25864],{"class":115},[64,27600,112],{"class":78},[64,27602,2686],{"class":320},[64,27604,285],{"class":329},[64,27606,2686],{"class":320},[64,27608,119],{"class":78},[64,27610,27611],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,27612,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,27614,27615,27617,27619,27621,27623],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,27616,125],{"class":108},[64,27618,112],{"class":78},[64,27620,130],{"class":115},[64,27622,133],{"class":78},[64,27624,27403],{"class":136},[64,27626,27627,27629,27631,27633,27635],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,27628,125],{"class":108},[64,27630,112],{"class":78},[64,27632,8810],{"class":115},[64,27634,133],{"class":78},[64,27636,27637],{"class":136},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27639,27640],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[50,27642,27644],{"id":27643},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27646,27647,27648,27650],{},"Problems with ",[15,27649,12182],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[30,27652,27653,27656,27665,27668],{},[33,27654,27655],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[33,27657,27658,27659,27662,27663],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27660,27661],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27664,25960],{},[33,27666,27667],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[33,27669,27670,27671,10701,27673],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27672,83],{},[15,27674,27675],{},"\"1\"",[20,27677,27678],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[55,27680,27682],{"className":57,"code":27681,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27683,27684,27708,27712,27742],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,27685,27686,27688,27690,27692,27694,27696,27698,27700,27702,27704,27706],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,27687,8771],{"class":70},[64,27689,75],{"class":74},[64,27691,10098],{"class":78},[64,27693,2686],{"class":320},[64,27695,83],{"class":329},[64,27697,2686],{"class":320},[64,27699,160],{"class":78},[64,27701,3184],{"class":320},[64,27703,6182],{"class":329},[64,27705,2686],{"class":320},[64,27707,8915],{"class":78},[64,27709,27710],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,27711,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,27713,27714,27716,27718,27720,27722,27724,27726,27728,27730,27732,27735,27737,27739],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,27715,125],{"class":108},[64,27717,112],{"class":78},[64,27719,8810],{"class":115},[64,27721,148],{"class":78},[64,27723,25864],{"class":115},[64,27725,112],{"class":78},[64,27727,83],{"class":82},[64,27729,86],{"class":78},[64,27731,3184],{"class":320},[64,27733,27734],{"class":329},"not found",[64,27736,2686],{"class":320},[64,27738,4954],{"class":78},[64,27740,27741],{"class":136},"    # not found\n",[64,27743,27744,27746,27748,27750,27752,27754,27756,27758,27760,27762,27764,27766,27768,27770,27772],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,27745,125],{"class":108},[64,27747,112],{"class":78},[64,27749,8810],{"class":115},[64,27751,148],{"class":78},[64,27753,25864],{"class":115},[64,27755,112],{"class":78},[64,27757,2686],{"class":320},[64,27759,83],{"class":329},[64,27761,2686],{"class":320},[64,27763,86],{"class":78},[64,27765,3184],{"class":320},[64,27767,27734],{"class":329},[64,27769,2686],{"class":320},[64,27771,4954],{"class":78},[64,27773,27774],{"class":136},"  # one\n",[20,27776,27777,896,27779,27781],{},[15,27778,83],{},[15,27780,27675],{}," are different keys.",[50,27783,8477],{"id":8476},[20,27785,8480,27786,27788],{},[15,27787,12376],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[55,27790,27792],{"className":57,"code":27791,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,27793,27794,27804,27818,27836,27866],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,27795,27796,27798,27800,27802],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,27797,125],{"class":108},[64,27799,112],{"class":78},[64,27801,11060],{"class":115},[64,27803,119],{"class":78},[64,27805,27806,27808,27810,27812,27814,27816],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,27807,125],{"class":108},[64,27809,112],{"class":78},[64,27811,11060],{"class":115},[64,27813,148],{"class":78},[64,27815,16541],{"class":115},[64,27817,6792],{"class":78},[64,27819,27820,27822,27824,27826,27828,27830,27832,27834],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,27821,125],{"class":108},[64,27823,112],{"class":78},[64,27825,333],{"class":320},[64,27827,7267],{"class":329},[64,27829,333],{"class":320},[64,27831,20794],{"class":368},[64,27833,11378],{"class":115},[64,27835,119],{"class":78},[64,27837,27838,27840,27842,27844,27846,27848,27850,27852,27854,27856,27858,27860,27862,27864],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,27839,125],{"class":108},[64,27841,112],{"class":78},[64,27843,11060],{"class":115},[64,27845,148],{"class":78},[64,27847,25864],{"class":115},[64,27849,112],{"class":78},[64,27851,333],{"class":320},[64,27853,7267],{"class":329},[64,27855,333],{"class":320},[64,27857,86],{"class":78},[64,27859,326],{"class":320},[64,27861,26396],{"class":329},[64,27863,333],{"class":320},[64,27865,471],{"class":78},[64,27867,27868,27870,27872,27874,27876,27878],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,27869,125],{"class":108},[64,27871,112],{"class":78},[64,27873,3052],{"class":357},[64,27875,112],{"class":78},[64,27877,11060],{"class":115},[64,27879,471],{"class":78},[20,27881,20957],{},[30,27883,27884,27889,27894,27899,27905],{},[33,27885,27886,27888],{},[15,27887,12292],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[33,27890,27891,27893],{},[15,27892,20969],{}," shows all available keys",[33,27895,27896,27898],{},[15,27897,20975],{}," checks whether a key exists",[33,27900,27901,27904],{},[15,27902,27903],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[33,27906,27907,27909],{},[15,27908,12298],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,27911,27912,27913,148],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[285,27914,8998],{"href":8997},[50,27916,1651],{"id":1650},[428,27918,27920,27921,27923],{"id":27919},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,27922,12376],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,27925,27926],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[428,27928,27930],{"id":27929},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,27932,27933,26161,27935,27937,27938,27940],{},[15,27934,25960],{},[15,27936,19307],{},". ",[15,27939,25964],{}," returns the default value instead.",[428,27942,12317,27944,14512],{"id":27943},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,27945,12376],{},[20,27947,27948],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[428,27950,27952,27953,27955],{"id":27951},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,27954,12376],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,27957,27958,27959,27961,27962,148],{},"Not with ",[15,27960,12182],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[285,27963,27964],{"href":12193},[15,27965,12383],{},[428,27967,1694,27969,896,27971,1677],{"id":27968},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,27970,10348],{},[15,27972,12376],{},[20,27974,27975,27977,27978,27980],{},[15,27976,10348],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,27979,12376],{}," reads and removes it.",[50,27982,1717],{"id":1716},[30,27984,27985,27991,27998,28002,28006,28010],{},[33,27986,27987],{},[285,27988,27989],{"href":10344},[15,27990,19288],{},[33,27992,27993],{},[285,27994,27995],{"href":12193},[15,27996,27997],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[33,27999,28000],{},[285,28001,12400],{"href":12186},[33,28003,28004],{},[285,28005,21078],{"href":16214},[33,28007,28008],{},[285,28009,10872],{"href":10683},[33,28011,28012],{},[285,28013,28015],{"href":28014},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1751,28017,28018],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":28020},[28021,28022,28024,28025,28026,28028,28035,28042,28052,28053,28054,28065],{"id":52,"depth":100,"text":53},{"id":25971,"depth":100,"text":28023},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":17036,"depth":100,"text":17037},{"id":26456,"depth":100,"text":28027},"When to use pop()",{"id":26643,"depth":100,"text":28029,"children":28030},"pop() vs del",[28031,28033],{"id":26658,"depth":122,"text":28032},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26761,"depth":122,"text":28034},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":26864,"depth":100,"text":28036,"children":28037},"How to avoid KeyError",[28038,28039,28040],{"id":26873,"depth":122,"text":26874},{"id":26969,"depth":122,"text":26970},{"id":27077,"depth":122,"text":28041},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":1022,"depth":100,"text":1023,"children":28043},[28044,28046,28048,28050],{"id":27187,"depth":122,"text":28045},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27320,"depth":122,"text":28047},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27425,"depth":122,"text":28049},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27542,"depth":122,"text":28051},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27643,"depth":100,"text":27644},{"id":8476,"depth":100,"text":8477},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":28055},[28056,28058,28059,28061,28063],{"id":27919,"depth":122,"text":28057},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":27929,"depth":122,"text":27930},{"id":27943,"depth":122,"text":28060},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":27951,"depth":122,"text":28062},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":27968,"depth":122,"text":28064},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25792,"description":28066},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28073,"title":27997,"body":28074,"description":30014,"extension":1791,"meta":30015,"navigation":346,"path":30016,"seo":30017,"stem":30018,"__hash__":30019},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28075,"toc":29978},[28076,28081,28086,28089,28097,28107,28109,28198,28202,28251,28256,28261,28265,28281,28284,28286,28301,28303,28319,28326,28330,28336,28345,28347,28416,28420,28441,28444,28463,28466,28489,28491,28494,28609,28613,28672,28679,28683,28689,28814,28818,28868,28871,28875,28882,28884,28947,28951,28972,28975,28984,28999,29007,29014,29018,29030,29034,29045,29047,29193,29197,29256,29263,29268,29272,29278,29301,29306,29325,29329,29400,29407,29480,29489,29494,29499,29510,29513,29650,29655,29687,29692,29694,29698,29758,29761,29818,29821,29864,29866,29871,29877,29883,29886,29893,29901,29906,29909,29916,29924,29926,29975],[10,28077,10928,28079,10932],{"id":28078},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28080,12383],{},[20,28082,1808,28083,28085],{},[15,28084,12383],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28087,28088],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[30,28090,28091,28094],{},[33,28092,28093],{},"remove an item",[33,28095,28096],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28098,28099,28100,28102,28103,28106],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28101,12383],{}," removes the ",[221,28104,28105],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[50,28108,1833],{"id":1832},[55,28110,28112],{"className":57,"code":28111,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28113,28114,28158,28174,28178,28188],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,28115,28116,28118,28120,28122,28124,28126,28128,28130,28132,28134,28136,28138,28140,28142,28144,28146,28148,28150,28152,28154,28156],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,28117,8771],{"class":70},[64,28119,75],{"class":74},[64,28121,10098],{"class":78},[64,28123,2686],{"class":320},[64,28125,285],{"class":329},[64,28127,2686],{"class":320},[64,28129,160],{"class":78},[64,28131,5091],{"class":82},[64,28133,86],{"class":78},[64,28135,3184],{"class":320},[64,28137,1269],{"class":329},[64,28139,2686],{"class":320},[64,28141,160],{"class":78},[64,28143,89],{"class":82},[64,28145,86],{"class":78},[64,28147,3184],{"class":320},[64,28149,9346],{"class":329},[64,28151,2686],{"class":320},[64,28153,160],{"class":78},[64,28155,94],{"class":82},[64,28157,8915],{"class":78},[64,28159,28160,28163,28165,28167,28169,28172],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,28161,28162],{"class":70},"item ",[64,28164,75],{"class":74},[64,28166,14182],{"class":70},[64,28168,148],{"class":78},[64,28170,28171],{"class":115},"popitem",[64,28173,8247],{"class":78},[64,28175,28176],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,28177,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,28179,28180,28182,28184,28186],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,28181,125],{"class":108},[64,28183,112],{"class":78},[64,28185,22932],{"class":115},[64,28187,119],{"class":78},[64,28189,28190,28192,28194,28196],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,28191,125],{"class":108},[64,28193,112],{"class":78},[64,28195,8810],{"class":115},[64,28197,119],{"class":78},[20,28199,28200],{},[221,28201,384],{},[55,28203,28205],{"className":57,"code":28204,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28206,28207,28223],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,28208,28209,28211,28213,28215,28217,28219,28221],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,28210,112],{"class":78},[64,28212,333],{"class":320},[64,28214,9346],{"class":329},[64,28216,333],{"class":320},[64,28218,86],{"class":78},[64,28220,94],{"class":82},[64,28222,119],{"class":78},[64,28224,28225,28227,28229,28231,28233,28235,28237,28239,28241,28243,28245,28247,28249],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,28226,8884],{"class":78},[64,28228,333],{"class":320},[64,28230,285],{"class":329},[64,28232,333],{"class":320},[64,28234,160],{"class":78},[64,28236,5091],{"class":82},[64,28238,86],{"class":78},[64,28240,326],{"class":320},[64,28242,1269],{"class":329},[64,28244,333],{"class":320},[64,28246,160],{"class":78},[64,28248,89],{"class":82},[64,28250,8915],{"class":78},[20,28252,28253,28255],{},[15,28254,12383],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[50,28257,152,28259,155],{"id":28258},"what-popitem-does",[15,28260,12383],{},[20,28262,28263,160],{},[15,28264,12383],{},[30,28266,28267,28270,28275,28278],{},[33,28268,28269],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[33,28271,28272,28273],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28274,21276],{},[33,28276,28277],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[33,28279,28280],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28282,28283],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[50,28285,1988],{"id":1987},[55,28287,28289],{"className":57,"code":28288,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28290,28291],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,28292,28293,28295,28297,28299],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,28294,15221],{"class":70},[64,28296,148],{"class":78},[64,28298,28171],{"class":115},[64,28300,8247],{"class":78},[20,28302,11069],{},[30,28304,28305,28313,28316],{},[33,28306,28307,28309,28310],{},[15,28308,12383],{}," takes ",[221,28311,28312],{},"no arguments",[33,28314,28315],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[33,28317,28318],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28320,28321,28322,6228],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[285,28323,28324],{"href":12179},[15,28325,12376],{},[50,28327,28329],{"id":28328},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28331,28332,28333,28335],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28334,12383],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28337,28338,28339,28342],"ol",{},[33,28340,28341],{},"the key",[33,28343,28344],{},"the value",[20,28346,916],{},[55,28348,28350],{"className":57,"code":28349,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28351,28352,28388,28402,28406],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,28353,28354,28356,28358,28360,28362,28364,28366,28368,28370,28372,28374,28376,28378,28380,28382,28384,28386],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,28355,12819],{"class":70},[64,28357,75],{"class":74},[64,28359,10098],{"class":78},[64,28361,2686],{"class":320},[64,28363,7267],{"class":329},[64,28365,2686],{"class":320},[64,28367,160],{"class":78},[64,28369,3184],{"class":320},[64,28371,1514],{"class":329},[64,28373,2686],{"class":320},[64,28375,86],{"class":78},[64,28377,3184],{"class":320},[64,28379,8905],{"class":329},[64,28381,2686],{"class":320},[64,28383,160],{"class":78},[64,28385,8912],{"class":82},[64,28387,8915],{"class":78},[64,28389,28390,28392,28394,28396,28398,28400],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,28391,103],{"class":70},[64,28393,75],{"class":74},[64,28395,12862],{"class":70},[64,28397,148],{"class":78},[64,28399,28171],{"class":115},[64,28401,8247],{"class":78},[64,28403,28404],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,28405,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,28407,28408,28410,28412,28414],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,28409,125],{"class":108},[64,28411,112],{"class":78},[64,28413,130],{"class":115},[64,28415,119],{"class":78},[20,28417,28418],{},[221,28419,384],{},[55,28421,28423],{"className":57,"code":28422,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28424,28425],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,28426,28427,28429,28431,28433,28435,28437,28439],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,28428,112],{"class":78},[64,28430,333],{"class":320},[64,28432,8905],{"class":329},[64,28434,333],{"class":320},[64,28436,86],{"class":78},[64,28438,8912],{"class":82},[64,28440,119],{"class":78},[20,28442,28443],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[55,28445,28447],{"className":57,"code":28446,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28448,28449],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,28450,28451,28453,28455,28457,28459,28461],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,28452,103],{"class":70},[64,28454,75],{"class":74},[64,28456,12862],{"class":70},[64,28458,148],{"class":78},[64,28460,28171],{"class":115},[64,28462,8247],{"class":78},[20,28464,28465],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[55,28467,28469],{"className":57,"code":28468,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28470,28471],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,28472,28473,28475,28477,28479,28481,28483,28485,28487],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,28474,14457],{"class":70},[64,28476,86],{"class":78},[64,28478,21205],{"class":70},[64,28480,75],{"class":74},[64,28482,12862],{"class":70},[64,28484,148],{"class":78},[64,28486,28171],{"class":115},[64,28488,8247],{"class":78},[50,28490,11086],{"id":11085},[20,28492,28493],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[55,28495,28497],{"className":57,"code":28496,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28498,28499,28547,28551,28566,28570,28590],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,28500,28501,28503,28505,28507,28509,28512,28514,28516,28518,28520,28522,28524,28526,28528,28531,28533,28535,28538,28540,28542,28545],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,28502,1574],{"class":70},[64,28504,75],{"class":74},[64,28506,10098],{"class":78},[64,28508,2686],{"class":320},[64,28510,28511],{"class":329},"Tom",[64,28513,2686],{"class":320},[64,28515,160],{"class":78},[64,28517,1586],{"class":82},[64,28519,86],{"class":78},[64,28521,3184],{"class":320},[64,28523,12494],{"class":329},[64,28525,2686],{"class":320},[64,28527,160],{"class":78},[64,28529,28530],{"class":82}," 95",[64,28532,86],{"class":78},[64,28534,3184],{"class":320},[64,28536,28537],{"class":329},"Leo",[64,28539,2686],{"class":320},[64,28541,160],{"class":78},[64,28543,28544],{"class":82}," 88",[64,28546,8915],{"class":78},[64,28548,28549],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,28550,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,28552,28553,28556,28558,28560,28562,28564],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,28554,28555],{"class":70},"removed_pair ",[64,28557,75],{"class":74},[64,28559,1621],{"class":70},[64,28561,148],{"class":78},[64,28563,28171],{"class":115},[64,28565,8247],{"class":78},[64,28567,28568],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,28569,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,28571,28572,28574,28576,28578,28581,28583,28585,28588],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,28573,125],{"class":108},[64,28575,112],{"class":78},[64,28577,2686],{"class":320},[64,28579,28580],{"class":329},"Removed:",[64,28582,2686],{"class":320},[64,28584,86],{"class":78},[64,28586,28587],{"class":115}," removed_pair",[64,28589,119],{"class":78},[64,28591,28592,28594,28596,28598,28601,28603,28605,28607],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,28593,125],{"class":108},[64,28595,112],{"class":78},[64,28597,2686],{"class":320},[64,28599,28600],{"class":329},"After removal:",[64,28602,2686],{"class":320},[64,28604,86],{"class":78},[64,28606,1621],{"class":115},[64,28608,119],{"class":78},[20,28610,28611],{},[221,28612,384],{},[55,28614,28616],{"className":57,"code":28615,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28617,28618,28639],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,28619,28620,28623,28625,28627,28629,28631,28633,28635,28637],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,28621,28622],{"class":70},"Removed",[64,28624,160],{"class":78},[64,28626,8842],{"class":78},[64,28628,333],{"class":320},[64,28630,28537],{"class":329},[64,28632,333],{"class":320},[64,28634,86],{"class":78},[64,28636,28544],{"class":82},[64,28638,119],{"class":78},[64,28640,28641,28644,28646,28648,28650,28652,28654,28656,28658,28660,28662,28664,28666,28668,28670],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,28642,28643],{"class":70},"After removal",[64,28645,160],{"class":78},[64,28647,10098],{"class":78},[64,28649,333],{"class":320},[64,28651,28511],{"class":329},[64,28653,333],{"class":320},[64,28655,160],{"class":78},[64,28657,1586],{"class":82},[64,28659,86],{"class":78},[64,28661,326],{"class":320},[64,28663,12494],{"class":329},[64,28665,333],{"class":320},[64,28667,160],{"class":78},[64,28669,28530],{"class":82},[64,28671,8915],{"class":78},[20,28673,28674,28675,28678],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28676,28677],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[50,28680,28682],{"id":28681},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,28684,28685,28686,28688],{},"Because ",[15,28687,12383],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[55,28690,28692],{"className":57,"code":28691,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,28693,28694,28730,28734,28753,28757,28776,28795],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,28695,28696,28698,28700,28702,28704,28706,28708,28710,28712,28714,28716,28718,28720,28722,28724,28726,28728],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,28697,15064],{"class":70},[64,28699,75],{"class":74},[64,28701,10098],{"class":78},[64,28703,2686],{"class":320},[64,28705,15075],{"class":329},[64,28707,2686],{"class":320},[64,28709,160],{"class":78},[64,28711,3184],{"class":320},[64,28713,15084],{"class":329},[64,28715,2686],{"class":320},[64,28717,86],{"class":78},[64,28719,3184],{"class":320},[64,28721,15095],{"class":329},[64,28723,2686],{"class":320},[64,28725,160],{"class":78},[64,28727,26530],{"class":82},[64,28729,8915],{"class":78},[64,28731,28732],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,28733,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,28735,28736,28738,28740,28742,28744,28747,28749,28751],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,28737,14457],{"class":70},[64,28739,86],{"class":78},[64,28741,21205],{"class":70},[64,28743,75],{"class":74},[64,28745,28746],{"class":70}," book",[64,28748,148],{"class":78},[64,28750,28171],{"class":115},[64,28752,8247],{"class":78},[64,28754,28755],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,28756,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,28758,28759,28761,28763,28765,28768,28770,28772,28774],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,28760,125],{"class":108},[64,28762,112],{"class":78},[64,28764,2686],{"class":320},[64,28766,28767],{"class":329},"Key:",[64,28769,2686],{"class":320},[64,28771,86],{"class":78},[64,28773,21200],{"class":115},[64,28775,119],{"class":78},[64,28777,28778,28780,28782,28784,28787,28789,28791,28793],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,28779,125],{"class":108},[64,28781,112],{"class":78},[64,28783,2686],{"class":320},[64,28785,28786],{"class":329},"Value:",[64,28788,2686],{"class":320},[64,28790,86],{"class":78},[64,28792,8036],{"class":115},[64,28794,119],{"class":78},[64,28796,28797,28799,28801,28803,28806,28808,28810,28812],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,28798,125],{"class":108},[64,28800,112],{"class":78},[64,28802,2686],{"class":320},[64,28804,28805],{"class":329},"Dictionary:",[64,28807,2686],{"class":320},[64,28809,86],{"class":78},[64,28811,28746],{"class":115},[64,28813,119],{"class":78},[20,28815,28816],{},[221,28817,384],{},[55,28819,28821],{"className":57,"code":28820,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,28822,28823,28833,28843],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,28824,28825,28828,28830],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,28826,28827],{"class":70},"Key",[64,28829,160],{"class":78},[64,28831,28832],{"class":70}," pages\n",[64,28834,28835,28838,28840],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,28836,28837],{"class":70},"Value",[64,28839,160],{"class":78},[64,28841,28842],{"class":82}," 200\n",[64,28844,28845,28848,28850,28852,28854,28856,28858,28860,28862,28864,28866],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,28846,28847],{"class":70},"Dictionary",[64,28849,160],{"class":78},[64,28851,10098],{"class":78},[64,28853,333],{"class":320},[64,28855,15075],{"class":329},[64,28857,333],{"class":320},[64,28859,160],{"class":78},[64,28861,326],{"class":320},[64,28863,15084],{"class":329},[64,28865,333],{"class":320},[64,28867,8915],{"class":78},[20,28869,28870],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[50,28872,28874],{"id":28873},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,28876,28877,28878,28102,28880,148],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,28879,12383],{},[221,28881,28105],{},[20,28883,916],{},[55,28885,28887],{"className":57,"code":28886,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,28888,28889,28933],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,28890,28891,28893,28895,28897,28899,28901,28903,28905,28907,28909,28911,28913,28915,28917,28919,28921,28923,28925,28927,28929,28931],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,28892,8771],{"class":70},[64,28894,75],{"class":74},[64,28896,10098],{"class":78},[64,28898,2686],{"class":320},[64,28900,363],{"class":329},[64,28902,2686],{"class":320},[64,28904,160],{"class":78},[64,28906,5091],{"class":82},[64,28908,86],{"class":78},[64,28910,3184],{"class":320},[64,28912,11357],{"class":329},[64,28914,2686],{"class":320},[64,28916,160],{"class":78},[64,28918,89],{"class":82},[64,28920,86],{"class":78},[64,28922,3184],{"class":320},[64,28924,21698],{"class":329},[64,28926,2686],{"class":320},[64,28928,160],{"class":78},[64,28930,94],{"class":82},[64,28932,8915],{"class":78},[64,28934,28935,28937,28939,28941,28943,28945],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,28936,125],{"class":108},[64,28938,112],{"class":78},[64,28940,8810],{"class":115},[64,28942,148],{"class":78},[64,28944,28171],{"class":115},[64,28946,6792],{"class":78},[20,28948,28949],{},[221,28950,384],{},[55,28952,28954],{"className":57,"code":28953,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"('z', 3)\n",[15,28955,28956],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,28957,28958,28960,28962,28964,28966,28968,28970],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,28959,112],{"class":78},[64,28961,333],{"class":320},[64,28963,21698],{"class":329},[64,28965,333],{"class":320},[64,28967,86],{"class":78},[64,28969,94],{"class":82},[64,28971,119],{"class":78},[20,28973,28974],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,28976,28977,28978,28980,28981,28983],{},"As a beginner, do ",[221,28979,1138],{}," think of ",[15,28982,12383],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,28985,28986,28987,2020,28991,16690,28995,148],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[285,28988,28989],{"href":16693},[15,28990,16696],{},[285,28992,28993],{"href":16680},[15,28994,16683],{},[285,28996,28997],{"href":16686},[15,28998,16689],{},[50,29000,29002,29003,896,29005],{"id":29001},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29004,12383],{},[15,29006,12376],{},[20,29008,29009,896,29011,29013],{},[15,29010,12383],{},[15,29012,12376],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[428,29015,29016],{"id":28171},[15,29017,12383],{},[30,29019,29020,29023,29026],{},[33,29021,29022],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[33,29024,29025],{},"does not need a key argument",[33,29027,168,29028],{},[15,29029,21276],{},[428,29031,29032],{"id":25864},[15,29033,12376],{},[30,29035,29036,29039,29042],{},[33,29037,29038],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[33,29040,29041],{},"needs the key name",[33,29043,29044],{},"returns only the value",[20,29046,916],{},[55,29048,29050],{"className":57,"code":29049,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29051,29052,29096,29100,29114,29134,29138,29160,29179,29183],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,29053,29054,29056,29058,29060,29062,29064,29066,29068,29070,29072,29074,29076,29078,29080,29082,29084,29086,29088,29090,29092,29094],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,29055,8771],{"class":70},[64,29057,75],{"class":74},[64,29059,10098],{"class":78},[64,29061,2686],{"class":320},[64,29063,285],{"class":329},[64,29065,2686],{"class":320},[64,29067,160],{"class":78},[64,29069,5091],{"class":82},[64,29071,86],{"class":78},[64,29073,3184],{"class":320},[64,29075,1269],{"class":329},[64,29077,2686],{"class":320},[64,29079,160],{"class":78},[64,29081,89],{"class":82},[64,29083,86],{"class":78},[64,29085,3184],{"class":320},[64,29087,9346],{"class":329},[64,29089,2686],{"class":320},[64,29091,160],{"class":78},[64,29093,94],{"class":82},[64,29095,8915],{"class":78},[64,29097,29098],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,29099,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,29101,29102,29104,29106,29108,29110,29112],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,29103,28162],{"class":70},[64,29105,75],{"class":74},[64,29107,14182],{"class":70},[64,29109,148],{"class":78},[64,29111,28171],{"class":115},[64,29113,8247],{"class":78},[64,29115,29116,29118,29120,29122,29125,29127,29129,29132],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,29117,125],{"class":108},[64,29119,112],{"class":78},[64,29121,2686],{"class":320},[64,29123,29124],{"class":329},"popitem():",[64,29126,2686],{"class":320},[64,29128,86],{"class":78},[64,29130,29131],{"class":115}," item",[64,29133,119],{"class":78},[64,29135,29136],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,29137,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,29139,29140,29142,29144,29146,29148,29150,29152,29154,29156,29158],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,29141,2276],{"class":70},[64,29143,75],{"class":74},[64,29145,14182],{"class":70},[64,29147,148],{"class":78},[64,29149,25864],{"class":115},[64,29151,112],{"class":78},[64,29153,2686],{"class":320},[64,29155,285],{"class":329},[64,29157,2686],{"class":320},[64,29159,119],{"class":78},[64,29161,29162,29164,29166,29168,29171,29173,29175,29177],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,29163,125],{"class":108},[64,29165,112],{"class":78},[64,29167,2686],{"class":320},[64,29169,29170],{"class":329},"pop('a'):",[64,29172,2686],{"class":320},[64,29174,86],{"class":78},[64,29176,8036],{"class":115},[64,29178,119],{"class":78},[64,29180,29181],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,29182,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,29184,29185,29187,29189,29191],{"class":66,"line":6028},[64,29186,125],{"class":108},[64,29188,112],{"class":78},[64,29190,8810],{"class":115},[64,29192,119],{"class":78},[20,29194,29195],{},[221,29196,384],{},[55,29198,29200],{"className":57,"code":29199,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29201,29202,29223,29240],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,29203,29204,29206,29209,29211,29213,29215,29217,29219,29221],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,29205,28171],{"class":115},[64,29207,29208],{"class":78},"():",[64,29210,8842],{"class":78},[64,29212,333],{"class":320},[64,29214,9346],{"class":329},[64,29216,333],{"class":320},[64,29218,86],{"class":78},[64,29220,94],{"class":82},[64,29222,119],{"class":78},[64,29224,29225,29227,29229,29231,29233,29235,29237],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,29226,25864],{"class":115},[64,29228,112],{"class":78},[64,29230,333],{"class":320},[64,29232,285],{"class":329},[64,29234,333],{"class":320},[64,29236,16069],{"class":78},[64,29238,29239],{"class":82}," 1\n",[64,29241,29242,29244,29246,29248,29250,29252,29254],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,29243,8884],{"class":78},[64,29245,333],{"class":320},[64,29247,1269],{"class":329},[64,29249,333],{"class":320},[64,29251,160],{"class":78},[64,29253,89],{"class":82},[64,29255,8915],{"class":78},[20,29257,1923,29258,29262],{},[285,29259,29260],{"href":12179},[15,29261,12376],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29264,1923,29265,29267],{},[15,29266,12383],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[50,29269,29271],{"id":29270},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29273,29274,29275,29277],{},"Calling ",[15,29276,12383],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[55,29279,29281],{"className":57,"code":29280,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29282,29283,29291],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,29284,29285,29287,29289],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,29286,8771],{"class":70},[64,29288,75],{"class":74},[64,29290,9445],{"class":78},[64,29292,29293,29295,29297,29299],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,29294,8810],{"class":70},[64,29296,148],{"class":78},[64,29298,28171],{"class":115},[64,29300,8247],{"class":78},[20,29302,29303],{},[221,29304,29305],{},"Error:",[55,29307,29309],{"className":57,"code":29308,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29310,29311],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,29312,29313,29315,29317,29319,29322],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,29314,19307],{"class":357},[64,29316,160],{"class":78},[64,29318,326],{"class":320},[64,29320,29321],{"class":329},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[64,29323,29324],{"class":320},"'\n",[428,29326,29328],{"id":29327},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[55,29330,29332],{"className":57,"code":29331,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29333,29334,29342,29346,29354,29369,29379,29385],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,29335,29336,29338,29340],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,29337,8771],{"class":70},[64,29339,75],{"class":74},[64,29341,9445],{"class":78},[64,29343,29344],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,29345,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,29347,29348,29350,29352],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,29349,6595],{"class":368},[64,29351,14182],{"class":70},[64,29353,5989],{"class":78},[64,29355,29356,29359,29361,29363,29365,29367],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,29357,29358],{"class":70},"    item ",[64,29360,75],{"class":74},[64,29362,14182],{"class":70},[64,29364,148],{"class":78},[64,29366,28171],{"class":115},[64,29368,8247],{"class":78},[64,29370,29371,29373,29375,29377],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,29372,7670],{"class":108},[64,29374,112],{"class":78},[64,29376,22932],{"class":115},[64,29378,119],{"class":78},[64,29380,29381,29383],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,29382,27057],{"class":368},[64,29384,5989],{"class":78},[64,29386,29387,29389,29391,29393,29396,29398],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,29388,7670],{"class":108},[64,29390,112],{"class":78},[64,29392,2686],{"class":320},[64,29394,29395],{"class":329},"Dictionary is empty",[64,29397,2686],{"class":320},[64,29399,119],{"class":78},[428,29401,29403,29404],{"id":29402},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29405,29406],{},"try-except",[55,29408,29410],{"className":57,"code":29409,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29411,29412,29420,29424,29431,29445,29455,29465],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,29413,29414,29416,29418],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,29415,8771],{"class":70},[64,29417,75],{"class":74},[64,29419,9445],{"class":78},[64,29421,29422],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,29423,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,29425,29426,29429],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,29427,29428],{"class":368},"try",[64,29430,5989],{"class":78},[64,29432,29433,29435,29437,29439,29441,29443],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,29434,29358],{"class":70},[64,29436,75],{"class":74},[64,29438,14182],{"class":70},[64,29440,148],{"class":78},[64,29442,28171],{"class":115},[64,29444,8247],{"class":78},[64,29446,29447,29449,29451,29453],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,29448,7670],{"class":108},[64,29450,112],{"class":78},[64,29452,22932],{"class":115},[64,29454,119],{"class":78},[64,29456,29457,29460,29463],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,29458,29459],{"class":368},"except",[64,29461,29462],{"class":357}," KeyError",[64,29464,5989],{"class":78},[64,29466,29467,29469,29471,29473,29476,29478],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,29468,7670],{"class":108},[64,29470,112],{"class":78},[64,29472,2686],{"class":320},[64,29474,29475],{"class":329},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[64,29477,2686],{"class":320},[64,29479,119],{"class":78},[20,29481,29482,29483,148],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[285,29484,25302,29486],{"href":29485},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29487,29488],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[50,29490,1471,29492],{"id":29491},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29493,12383],{},[20,29495,29496,29498],{},[15,29497,12383],{}," is useful when:",[30,29500,29501,29504,29507],{},[33,29502,29503],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[33,29505,29506],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[33,29508,29509],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29511,29512],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[55,29514,29516],{"className":57,"code":29515,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29517,29518,29527,29547,29567,29585,29589,29593,29603,29622],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,29519,29520,29523,29525],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,29521,29522],{"class":70},"tasks ",[64,29524,75],{"class":74},[64,29526,11104],{"class":78},[64,29528,29529,29531,29534,29536,29538,29540,29543,29545],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,29530,11109],{"class":320},[64,29532,29533],{"class":329},"first",[64,29535,2686],{"class":320},[64,29537,160],{"class":78},[64,29539,3184],{"class":320},[64,29541,29542],{"class":329},"wash dishes",[64,29544,2686],{"class":320},[64,29546,11125],{"class":78},[64,29548,29549,29551,29554,29556,29558,29560,29563,29565],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,29550,11109],{"class":320},[64,29552,29553],{"class":329},"second",[64,29555,2686],{"class":320},[64,29557,160],{"class":78},[64,29559,3184],{"class":320},[64,29561,29562],{"class":329},"do homework",[64,29564,2686],{"class":320},[64,29566,11125],{"class":78},[64,29568,29569,29571,29574,29576,29578,29580,29583],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,29570,11109],{"class":320},[64,29572,29573],{"class":329},"third",[64,29575,2686],{"class":320},[64,29577,160],{"class":78},[64,29579,3184],{"class":320},[64,29581,29582],{"class":329},"read book",[64,29584,3190],{"class":320},[64,29586,29587],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,29588,8915],{"class":78},[64,29590,29591],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,29592,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,29594,29595,29598,29601],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,29596,29597],{"class":368},"while",[64,29599,29600],{"class":70}," tasks",[64,29602,5989],{"class":78},[64,29604,29605,29608,29610,29612,29614,29616,29618,29620],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,29606,29607],{"class":70},"    key",[64,29609,86],{"class":78},[64,29611,21205],{"class":70},[64,29613,75],{"class":74},[64,29615,29600],{"class":70},[64,29617,148],{"class":78},[64,29619,28171],{"class":115},[64,29621,8247],{"class":78},[64,29623,29624,29626,29628,29630,29632,29634,29636,29638,29640,29642,29644,29646,29648],{"class":66,"line":6028},[64,29625,7670],{"class":108},[64,29627,112],{"class":78},[64,29629,21915],{"class":1895},[64,29631,2686],{"class":329},[64,29633,8884],{"class":82},[64,29635,14457],{"class":115},[64,29637,21924],{"class":82},[64,29639,21927],{"class":329},[64,29641,8884],{"class":82},[64,29643,2302],{"class":115},[64,29645,21924],{"class":82},[64,29647,2686],{"class":329},[64,29649,119],{"class":78},[20,29651,29652],{},[221,29653,29654],{},"Possible output:",[55,29656,29658],{"className":57,"code":29657,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29659,29660,29669,29678],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,29661,29662,29664,29666],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,29663,29573],{"class":70},[64,29665,160],{"class":78},[64,29667,29668],{"class":70}," read book\n",[64,29670,29671,29673,29675],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,29672,29553],{"class":70},[64,29674,160],{"class":78},[64,29676,29677],{"class":70}," do homework\n",[64,29679,29680,29682,29684],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,29681,29533],{"class":70},[64,29683,160],{"class":78},[64,29685,29686],{"class":70}," wash dishes\n",[20,29688,28685,29689,29691],{},[15,29690,12383],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[50,29693,2661],{"id":2660},[20,29695,14349,29696,160],{},[15,29697,12383],{},[30,29699,29700,29714,29733,29744],{},[33,29701,29702,29707],{},[221,29703,29274,29704,29706],{},[15,29705,12383],{}," on an empty dictionary",[30,29708,29709],{},[33,29710,29711,29712,148],{},"This raises ",[15,29713,19307],{},[33,29715,29716,29721],{},[221,29717,8056,29718,29720],{},[15,29719,12383],{}," to remove a specific key",[30,29722,29723,29726],{},[33,29724,29725],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[33,29727,1923,29728,29732],{},[285,29729,29730],{"href":12179},[15,29731,12376],{}," if you need that.",[33,29734,29735,29739],{},[221,29736,1212,29737,27323],{},[15,29738,12383],{},[30,29740,29741],{},[33,29742,29743],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[33,29745,29746,29749],{},[221,29747,29748],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[30,29750,29751],{},[33,29752,29753,21596,29755,29757],{},[15,29754,12383],{},[15,29756,21276],{}," tuple.",[20,29759,29760],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[55,29762,29764],{"className":57,"code":29763,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,29765,29766,29776,29790,29794,29808],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,29767,29768,29770,29772,29774],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,29769,125],{"class":108},[64,29771,112],{"class":78},[64,29773,11060],{"class":115},[64,29775,119],{"class":78},[64,29777,29778,29780,29782,29784,29786,29788],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,29779,125],{"class":108},[64,29781,112],{"class":78},[64,29783,10771],{"class":108},[64,29785,112],{"class":78},[64,29787,11060],{"class":115},[64,29789,471],{"class":78},[64,29791,29792],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,29793,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,29795,29796,29798,29800,29802,29804,29806],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,29797,28162],{"class":70},[64,29799,75],{"class":74},[64,29801,11378],{"class":70},[64,29803,148],{"class":78},[64,29805,28171],{"class":115},[64,29807,8247],{"class":78},[64,29809,29810,29812,29814,29816],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,29811,125],{"class":108},[64,29813,112],{"class":78},[64,29815,22932],{"class":115},[64,29817,119],{"class":78},[20,29819,29820],{},"Or with unpacking:",[55,29822,29824],{"className":57,"code":29823,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,29825,29826,29844,29854],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,29827,29828,29830,29832,29834,29836,29838,29840,29842],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,29829,14457],{"class":70},[64,29831,86],{"class":78},[64,29833,21205],{"class":70},[64,29835,75],{"class":74},[64,29837,11378],{"class":70},[64,29839,148],{"class":78},[64,29841,28171],{"class":115},[64,29843,8247],{"class":78},[64,29845,29846,29848,29850,29852],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,29847,125],{"class":108},[64,29849,112],{"class":78},[64,29851,14457],{"class":115},[64,29853,119],{"class":78},[64,29855,29856,29858,29860,29862],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,29857,125],{"class":108},[64,29859,112],{"class":78},[64,29861,2302],{"class":115},[64,29863,119],{"class":78},[50,29865,1651],{"id":1650},[428,29867,1655,29869,1658],{"id":29868},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,29870,12383],{},[20,29872,29873,29874,148],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,29875,29876],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[428,29878,12317,29880,29882],{"id":29879},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,29881,12383],{}," remove the last item?",[20,29884,29885],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[428,29887,29889,29890,29892],{"id":29888},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,29891,12383],{}," removes?",[20,29894,29895,29896,29900],{},"No. Use ",[285,29897,29898],{"href":12179},[15,29899,12376],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[428,29902,12317,29904,14512],{"id":29903},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,29905,12383],{},[20,29907,29908],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[428,29910,29912,29913,29915],{"id":29911},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,29914,12383],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,29917,29918,29919,29921,29922,148],{},"It raises ",[15,29920,19307],{}," with the message ",[15,29923,29321],{},[50,29925,1717],{"id":1716},[30,29927,29928,29935,29941,29947,29953,29960,29964,29968],{},[33,29929,29930],{},[285,29931,29932,29934],{"href":12179},[15,29933,12376],{}," method for dictionaries",[33,29936,29937],{},[285,29938,29939,29934],{"href":16693},[15,29940,16696],{},[33,29942,29943],{},[285,29944,29945,29934],{"href":16680},[15,29946,16683],{},[33,29948,29949],{},[285,29950,29951,29934],{"href":16686},[15,29952,16689],{},[33,29954,29955],{},[285,29956,29958,29934],{"href":29957},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,29959,10931],{},[33,29961,29962],{},[285,29963,12400],{"href":12186},[33,29965,29966],{},[285,29967,21078],{"href":16214},[33,29969,29970],{},[285,29971,29972,29973],{"href":29485},"Fix ",[15,29974,29488],{},[1751,29976,29977],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":29979},[29980,29981,29983,29984,29985,29986,29987,29988,29993,29998,30000,30001,30013],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":28258,"depth":100,"text":29982},"What popitem() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":28328,"depth":100,"text":28329},{"id":11085,"depth":100,"text":11086},{"id":28681,"depth":100,"text":28682},{"id":28873,"depth":100,"text":28874},{"id":29001,"depth":100,"text":29989,"children":29990},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[29991,29992],{"id":28171,"depth":122,"text":12383},{"id":25864,"depth":122,"text":12376},{"id":29270,"depth":100,"text":29271,"children":29994},[29995,29996],{"id":29327,"depth":122,"text":29328},{"id":29402,"depth":122,"text":29997},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29491,"depth":100,"text":29999},"When to use popitem()",{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":30002},[30003,30005,30007,30009,30011],{"id":29868,"depth":122,"text":30004},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":29879,"depth":122,"text":30006},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":29888,"depth":122,"text":30008},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":29903,"depth":122,"text":30010},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":29911,"depth":122,"text":30012},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":27997,"description":30014},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30021,"title":30022,"body":30023,"description":31926,"extension":1791,"meta":31927,"navigation":346,"path":13648,"seo":31928,"stem":31929,"__hash__":31930},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30024,"toc":31898},[30025,30030,30035,30038,30040,30137,30142,30147,30152,30155,30163,30166,30181,30183,30283,30285,30342,30346,30348,30351,30371,30376,30387,30390,30417,30420,30422,30479,30481,30502,30508,30513,30516,30527,30529,30637,30639,30692,30694,30706,30713,30719,30724,30727,30815,30817,30862,30865,30873,30876,30879,30948,30951,30954,30958,30961,31032,31034,31087,31090,31093,31096,31111,31114,31126,31129,31192,31194,31200,31202,31204,31283,31285,31326,31328,31393,31395,31432,31437,31442,31446,31460,31463,31586,31588,31673,31678,31680,31684,31706,31709,31789,31792,31811,31816,31818,31824,31829,31835,31838,31844,31847,31853,31858,31864,31870,31872,31895],[10,30026,10928,30028,10932],{"id":30027},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30029,14570],{},[20,30031,1808,30032,30034],{},[15,30033,14570],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30036,30037],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[50,30039,1833],{"id":1832},[55,30041,30043],{"className":57,"code":30042,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30044,30045,30081,30122,30132],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,30046,30047,30049,30051,30053,30055,30057,30059,30061,30063,30065,30067,30069,30071,30073,30075,30077,30079],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,30048,12819],{"class":70},[64,30050,75],{"class":74},[64,30052,10098],{"class":78},[64,30054,2686],{"class":320},[64,30056,7267],{"class":329},[64,30058,2686],{"class":320},[64,30060,160],{"class":78},[64,30062,3184],{"class":320},[64,30064,12494],{"class":329},[64,30066,2686],{"class":320},[64,30068,86],{"class":78},[64,30070,3184],{"class":320},[64,30072,8905],{"class":329},[64,30074,2686],{"class":320},[64,30076,160],{"class":78},[64,30078,7390],{"class":82},[64,30080,8915],{"class":78},[64,30082,30083,30085,30087,30090,30092,30094,30096,30098,30100,30103,30105,30107,30109,30111,30113,30115,30117,30119],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,30084,16925],{"class":70},[64,30086,148],{"class":78},[64,30088,30089],{"class":115},"update",[64,30091,5123],{"class":78},[64,30093,2686],{"class":320},[64,30095,8905],{"class":329},[64,30097,2686],{"class":320},[64,30099,160],{"class":78},[64,30101,30102],{"class":82}," 21",[64,30104,86],{"class":78},[64,30106,3184],{"class":320},[64,30108,10016],{"class":329},[64,30110,2686],{"class":320},[64,30112,160],{"class":78},[64,30114,3184],{"class":320},[64,30116,15648],{"class":329},[64,30118,2686],{"class":320},[64,30120,30121],{"class":78},"})\n",[64,30123,30124,30126,30128,30130],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,30125,125],{"class":108},[64,30127,112],{"class":78},[64,30129,16925],{"class":115},[64,30131,119],{"class":78},[64,30133,30134],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,30135,30136],{"class":136},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30138,1923,30139,30141],{},[15,30140,14570],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[50,30143,152,30145,155],{"id":30144},"what-update-does",[15,30146,14570],{},[20,30148,30149,30151],{},[15,30150,14570],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30153,30154],{},"It can do two main things:",[30,30156,30157,30160],{},[33,30158,30159],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[33,30161,30162],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30164,30165],{},"Important things to know:",[30,30167,30168,30171,30174,30178],{},[33,30169,30170],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[33,30172,30173],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[33,30175,1661,30176],{},[15,30177,258],{},[33,30179,30180],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30182,916],{},[55,30184,30186],{"className":57,"code":30185,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30187,30188,30230,30273],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,30189,30190,30192,30194,30196,30198,30200,30202,30204,30206,30209,30211,30213,30215,30217,30219,30221,30223,30226,30228],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,30191,12477],{"class":70},[64,30193,75],{"class":74},[64,30195,10098],{"class":78},[64,30197,2686],{"class":320},[64,30199,7267],{"class":329},[64,30201,2686],{"class":320},[64,30203,160],{"class":78},[64,30205,3184],{"class":320},[64,30207,30208],{"class":329},"Mira",[64,30210,2686],{"class":320},[64,30212,86],{"class":78},[64,30214,3184],{"class":320},[64,30216,19511],{"class":329},[64,30218,2686],{"class":320},[64,30220,160],{"class":78},[64,30222,3184],{"class":320},[64,30224,30225],{"class":329},"B",[64,30227,2686],{"class":320},[64,30229,8915],{"class":78},[64,30231,30232,30234,30236,30238,30240,30242,30244,30246,30248,30250,30252,30254,30256,30258,30260,30262,30264,30266,30269,30271],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,30233,13241],{"class":70},[64,30235,148],{"class":78},[64,30237,30089],{"class":115},[64,30239,5123],{"class":78},[64,30241,2686],{"class":320},[64,30243,19511],{"class":329},[64,30245,2686],{"class":320},[64,30247,160],{"class":78},[64,30249,3184],{"class":320},[64,30251,21866],{"class":329},[64,30253,2686],{"class":320},[64,30255,86],{"class":78},[64,30257,3184],{"class":320},[64,30259,10016],{"class":329},[64,30261,2686],{"class":320},[64,30263,160],{"class":78},[64,30265,3184],{"class":320},[64,30267,30268],{"class":329},"Quito",[64,30270,2686],{"class":320},[64,30272,30121],{"class":78},[64,30274,30275,30277,30279,30281],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,30276,125],{"class":108},[64,30278,112],{"class":78},[64,30280,13241],{"class":115},[64,30282,119],{"class":78},[20,30284,384],{},[55,30286,30288],{"className":57,"code":30287,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30289,30290],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,30291,30292,30294,30296,30298,30300,30302,30304,30306,30308,30310,30312,30314,30316,30318,30320,30322,30324,30326,30328,30330,30332,30334,30336,30338,30340],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,30293,8884],{"class":78},[64,30295,333],{"class":320},[64,30297,7267],{"class":329},[64,30299,333],{"class":320},[64,30301,160],{"class":78},[64,30303,326],{"class":320},[64,30305,30208],{"class":329},[64,30307,333],{"class":320},[64,30309,86],{"class":78},[64,30311,326],{"class":320},[64,30313,19511],{"class":329},[64,30315,333],{"class":320},[64,30317,160],{"class":78},[64,30319,326],{"class":320},[64,30321,21866],{"class":329},[64,30323,333],{"class":320},[64,30325,86],{"class":78},[64,30327,326],{"class":320},[64,30329,10016],{"class":329},[64,30331,333],{"class":320},[64,30333,160],{"class":78},[64,30335,326],{"class":320},[64,30337,30268],{"class":329},[64,30339,333],{"class":320},[64,30341,8915],{"class":78},[20,30343,8757,30344,148],{},[285,30345,24250],{"href":8997},[50,30347,1988],{"id":1987},[20,30349,30350],{},"The basic form is:",[55,30352,30354],{"className":57,"code":30353,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30355,30356],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,30357,30358,30360,30362,30364,30366,30369],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,30359,15221],{"class":70},[64,30361,148],{"class":78},[64,30363,30089],{"class":115},[64,30365,112],{"class":78},[64,30367,30368],{"class":115},"other",[64,30370,119],{"class":78},[20,30372,30373,30375],{},[15,30374,30368],{}," can be:",[30,30377,30378,30381,30384],{},[33,30379,30380],{},"Another dictionary",[33,30382,30383],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[33,30385,30386],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30388,30389],{},"You can also use:",[55,30391,30393],{"className":57,"code":30392,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30394,30395],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,30396,30397,30399,30401,30403,30405,30407,30409,30411,30413,30415],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,30398,15221],{"class":70},[64,30400,148],{"class":78},[64,30402,30089],{"class":115},[64,30404,112],{"class":78},[64,30406,7267],{"class":8781},[64,30408,75],{"class":74},[64,30410,2686],{"class":320},[64,30412,7276],{"class":329},[64,30414,2686],{"class":320},[64,30416,119],{"class":78},[20,30418,30419],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30421,916],{},[55,30423,30425],{"className":57,"code":30424,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30426,30427,30447,30469],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,30428,30429,30431,30433,30435,30437,30439,30441,30443,30445],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,30430,8771],{"class":70},[64,30432,75],{"class":74},[64,30434,10098],{"class":78},[64,30436,2686],{"class":320},[64,30438,285],{"class":329},[64,30440,2686],{"class":320},[64,30442,160],{"class":78},[64,30444,5091],{"class":82},[64,30446,8915],{"class":78},[64,30448,30449,30451,30453,30455,30457,30459,30461,30463,30465,30467],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,30450,8810],{"class":70},[64,30452,148],{"class":78},[64,30454,30089],{"class":115},[64,30456,5123],{"class":78},[64,30458,2686],{"class":320},[64,30460,285],{"class":329},[64,30462,2686],{"class":320},[64,30464,160],{"class":78},[64,30466,5599],{"class":82},[64,30468,30121],{"class":78},[64,30470,30471,30473,30475,30477],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,30472,125],{"class":108},[64,30474,112],{"class":78},[64,30476,8810],{"class":115},[64,30478,119],{"class":78},[20,30480,384],{},[55,30482,30484],{"className":57,"code":30483,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30485,30486],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,30487,30488,30490,30492,30494,30496,30498,30500],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,30489,8884],{"class":78},[64,30491,333],{"class":320},[64,30493,285],{"class":329},[64,30495,333],{"class":320},[64,30497,160],{"class":78},[64,30499,5599],{"class":82},[64,30501,8915],{"class":78},[50,30503,8020,30505,30507],{"id":30504},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30506,14570],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30509,30510,30511,148],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30512,14570],{},[20,30514,30515],{},"It is useful when:",[30,30517,30518,30521,30524],{},[33,30519,30520],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[33,30522,30523],{},"Adding extra settings",[33,30525,30526],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30528,916],{},[55,30530,30532],{"className":57,"code":30531,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30533,30534,30571,30608,30612,30627],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,30535,30536,30538,30540,30542,30544,30546,30548,30550,30552,30554,30556,30558,30560,30562,30564,30566,30569],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,30537,13441],{"class":70},[64,30539,75],{"class":74},[64,30541,10098],{"class":78},[64,30543,2686],{"class":320},[64,30545,12107],{"class":329},[64,30547,2686],{"class":320},[64,30549,160],{"class":78},[64,30551,3184],{"class":320},[64,30553,20548],{"class":329},[64,30555,2686],{"class":320},[64,30557,86],{"class":78},[64,30559,3184],{"class":320},[64,30561,13466],{"class":329},[64,30563,2686],{"class":320},[64,30565,160],{"class":78},[64,30567,30568],{"class":82}," 12",[64,30570,8915],{"class":78},[64,30572,30573,30576,30578,30580,30582,30584,30586,30588,30590,30592,30594,30596,30598,30600,30602,30604,30606],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,30574,30575],{"class":70},"new_settings ",[64,30577,75],{"class":74},[64,30579,10098],{"class":78},[64,30581,2686],{"class":320},[64,30583,13466],{"class":329},[64,30585,2686],{"class":320},[64,30587,160],{"class":78},[64,30589,13473],{"class":82},[64,30591,86],{"class":78},[64,30593,3184],{"class":320},[64,30595,19743],{"class":329},[64,30597,2686],{"class":320},[64,30599,160],{"class":78},[64,30601,3184],{"class":320},[64,30603,19777],{"class":329},[64,30605,2686],{"class":320},[64,30607,8915],{"class":78},[64,30609,30610],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,30611,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,30613,30614,30616,30618,30620,30622,30625],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,30615,13500],{"class":70},[64,30617,148],{"class":78},[64,30619,30089],{"class":115},[64,30621,112],{"class":78},[64,30623,30624],{"class":115},"new_settings",[64,30626,119],{"class":78},[64,30628,30629,30631,30633,30635],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,30630,125],{"class":108},[64,30632,112],{"class":78},[64,30634,13500],{"class":115},[64,30636,119],{"class":78},[20,30638,384],{},[55,30640,30642],{"className":57,"code":30641,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30643,30644],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,30645,30646,30648,30650,30652,30654,30656,30658,30660,30662,30664,30666,30668,30670,30672,30674,30676,30678,30680,30682,30684,30686,30688,30690],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,30647,8884],{"class":78},[64,30649,333],{"class":320},[64,30651,12107],{"class":329},[64,30653,333],{"class":320},[64,30655,160],{"class":78},[64,30657,326],{"class":320},[64,30659,20548],{"class":329},[64,30661,333],{"class":320},[64,30663,86],{"class":78},[64,30665,326],{"class":320},[64,30667,13466],{"class":329},[64,30669,333],{"class":320},[64,30671,160],{"class":78},[64,30673,13473],{"class":82},[64,30675,86],{"class":78},[64,30677,326],{"class":320},[64,30679,19743],{"class":329},[64,30681,333],{"class":320},[64,30683,160],{"class":78},[64,30685,326],{"class":320},[64,30687,19777],{"class":329},[64,30689,333],{"class":320},[64,30691,8915],{"class":78},[20,30693,13024],{},[30,30695,30696,30701],{},[33,30697,30698,30700],{},[15,30699,13466],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[33,30702,30703,30705],{},[15,30704,19743],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,30707,30708,30709,148],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[285,30710,30712],{"href":30711},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[50,30714,8020,30716,30718],{"id":30715},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,30717,14570],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,30720,30721,30723],{},[15,30722,14570],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,30725,30726],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[55,30728,30730],{"className":57,"code":30729,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,30731,30732,30752,30787,30791,30805],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,30733,30734,30736,30738,30740,30742,30744,30746,30748,30750],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,30735,1574],{"class":70},[64,30737,75],{"class":74},[64,30739,10098],{"class":78},[64,30741,2686],{"class":320},[64,30743,18036],{"class":329},[64,30745,2686],{"class":320},[64,30747,160],{"class":78},[64,30749,19518],{"class":82},[64,30751,8915],{"class":78},[64,30753,30754,30756,30758,30760,30762,30764,30766,30768,30770,30772,30774,30776,30779,30781,30783,30785],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,30755,8821],{"class":70},[64,30757,75],{"class":74},[64,30759,8826],{"class":78},[64,30761,2686],{"class":320},[64,30763,18045],{"class":329},[64,30765,2686],{"class":320},[64,30767,86],{"class":78},[64,30769,13122],{"class":82},[64,30771,8839],{"class":78},[64,30773,8842],{"class":78},[64,30775,2686],{"class":320},[64,30777,30778],{"class":329},"english",[64,30780,2686],{"class":320},[64,30782,86],{"class":78},[64,30784,28544],{"class":82},[64,30786,8855],{"class":78},[64,30788,30789],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,30790,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,30792,30793,30795,30797,30799,30801,30803],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,30794,16006],{"class":70},[64,30796,148],{"class":78},[64,30798,30089],{"class":115},[64,30800,112],{"class":78},[64,30802,8868],{"class":115},[64,30804,119],{"class":78},[64,30806,30807,30809,30811,30813],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,30808,125],{"class":108},[64,30810,112],{"class":78},[64,30812,16006],{"class":115},[64,30814,119],{"class":78},[20,30816,384],{},[55,30818,30820],{"className":57,"code":30819,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,30821,30822],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,30823,30824,30826,30828,30830,30832,30834,30836,30838,30840,30842,30844,30846,30848,30850,30852,30854,30856,30858,30860],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,30825,8884],{"class":78},[64,30827,333],{"class":320},[64,30829,18036],{"class":329},[64,30831,333],{"class":320},[64,30833,160],{"class":78},[64,30835,19518],{"class":82},[64,30837,86],{"class":78},[64,30839,326],{"class":320},[64,30841,18045],{"class":329},[64,30843,333],{"class":320},[64,30845,160],{"class":78},[64,30847,13122],{"class":82},[64,30849,86],{"class":78},[64,30851,326],{"class":320},[64,30853,30778],{"class":329},[64,30855,333],{"class":320},[64,30857,160],{"class":78},[64,30859,28544],{"class":82},[64,30861,8915],{"class":78},[20,30863,30864],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[30,30866,30867,30870],{},[33,30868,30869],{},"The key",[33,30871,30872],{},"The value",[20,30874,30875],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,30877,30878],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[55,30880,30882],{"className":57,"code":30881,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,30883,30884,30904,30929,30933],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,30885,30886,30888,30890,30892,30894,30896,30898,30900,30902],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,30887,8771],{"class":70},[64,30889,75],{"class":74},[64,30891,10098],{"class":78},[64,30893,2686],{"class":320},[64,30895,285],{"class":329},[64,30897,2686],{"class":320},[64,30899,160],{"class":78},[64,30901,5091],{"class":82},[64,30903,8915],{"class":78},[64,30905,30906,30909,30911,30913,30915,30917,30919,30921,30923,30925,30927],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,30907,30908],{"class":70},"bad_pairs ",[64,30910,75],{"class":74},[64,30912,8826],{"class":78},[64,30914,2686],{"class":320},[64,30916,1269],{"class":329},[64,30918,2686],{"class":320},[64,30920,86],{"class":78},[64,30922,89],{"class":82},[64,30924,86],{"class":78},[64,30926,94],{"class":82},[64,30928,8855],{"class":78},[64,30930,30931],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,30932,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,30934,30935,30937,30939,30941,30943,30946],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,30936,8810],{"class":70},[64,30938,148],{"class":78},[64,30940,30089],{"class":115},[64,30942,112],{"class":78},[64,30944,30945],{"class":115},"bad_pairs",[64,30947,119],{"class":78},[20,30949,30950],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,30952,30953],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[50,30955,30957],{"id":30956},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,30959,30960],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[55,30962,30964],{"className":57,"code":30963,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,30965,30966,30990,31022],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,30967,30968,30970,30972,30974,30976,30978,30980,30982,30984,30986,30988],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,30969,11099],{"class":70},[64,30971,75],{"class":74},[64,30973,10098],{"class":78},[64,30975,2686],{"class":320},[64,30977,7267],{"class":329},[64,30979,2686],{"class":320},[64,30981,160],{"class":78},[64,30983,3184],{"class":320},[64,30985,28537],{"class":329},[64,30987,2686],{"class":320},[64,30989,8915],{"class":78},[64,30991,30992,30994,30996,30998,31000,31002,31004,31006,31008,31011,31013,31015,31018,31020],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,30993,11193],{"class":70},[64,30995,148],{"class":78},[64,30997,30089],{"class":115},[64,30999,112],{"class":78},[64,31001,8905],{"class":8781},[64,31003,75],{"class":74},[64,31005,8799],{"class":82},[64,31007,86],{"class":78},[64,31009,31010],{"class":8781}," city",[64,31012,75],{"class":74},[64,31014,2686],{"class":320},[64,31016,31017],{"class":329},"Madrid",[64,31019,2686],{"class":320},[64,31021,119],{"class":78},[64,31023,31024,31026,31028,31030],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,31025,125],{"class":108},[64,31027,112],{"class":78},[64,31029,11193],{"class":115},[64,31031,119],{"class":78},[20,31033,384],{},[55,31035,31037],{"className":57,"code":31036,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31038,31039],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,31040,31041,31043,31045,31047,31049,31051,31053,31055,31057,31059,31061,31063,31065,31067,31069,31071,31073,31075,31077,31079,31081,31083,31085],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,31042,8884],{"class":78},[64,31044,333],{"class":320},[64,31046,7267],{"class":329},[64,31048,333],{"class":320},[64,31050,160],{"class":78},[64,31052,326],{"class":320},[64,31054,28537],{"class":329},[64,31056,333],{"class":320},[64,31058,86],{"class":78},[64,31060,326],{"class":320},[64,31062,8905],{"class":329},[64,31064,333],{"class":320},[64,31066,160],{"class":78},[64,31068,8912],{"class":82},[64,31070,86],{"class":78},[64,31072,326],{"class":320},[64,31074,10016],{"class":329},[64,31076,333],{"class":320},[64,31078,160],{"class":78},[64,31080,326],{"class":320},[64,31082,31017],{"class":329},[64,31084,333],{"class":320},[64,31086,8915],{"class":78},[20,31088,31089],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31091,31092],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31094,31095],{},"These work:",[30,31097,31098,31102,31106],{},[33,31099,31100],{},[15,31101,8905],{},[33,31103,31104],{},[15,31105,10016],{},[33,31107,31108],{},[15,31109,31110],{},"first_name",[20,31112,31113],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[30,31115,31116,31121],{},[33,31117,31118],{},[15,31119,31120],{},"\"first name\"",[33,31122,31123],{},[15,31124,31125],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31127,31128],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[55,31130,31132],{"className":57,"code":31131,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31133,31134,31142,31182],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,31135,31136,31138,31140],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,31137,11099],{"class":70},[64,31139,75],{"class":74},[64,31141,9445],{"class":78},[64,31143,31144,31146,31148,31150,31152,31154,31156,31158,31160,31162,31164,31166,31168,31170,31173,31175,31177,31180],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,31145,11193],{"class":70},[64,31147,148],{"class":78},[64,31149,30089],{"class":115},[64,31151,5123],{"class":78},[64,31153,2686],{"class":320},[64,31155,10120],{"class":329},[64,31157,2686],{"class":320},[64,31159,160],{"class":78},[64,31161,3184],{"class":320},[64,31163,28537],{"class":329},[64,31165,2686],{"class":320},[64,31167,86],{"class":78},[64,31169,3184],{"class":320},[64,31171,31172],{"class":329},"user-id",[64,31174,2686],{"class":320},[64,31176,160],{"class":78},[64,31178,31179],{"class":82}," 1001",[64,31181,30121],{"class":78},[64,31183,31184,31186,31188,31190],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,31185,125],{"class":108},[64,31187,112],{"class":78},[64,31189,11193],{"class":115},[64,31191,119],{"class":78},[50,31193,17037],{"id":17036},[20,31195,31196,44,31198,148],{},[15,31197,14570],{},[15,31199,258],{},[20,31201,13664],{},[20,31203,24330],{},[55,31205,31207],{"className":57,"code":31206,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31208,31209,31233,31259,31263,31273],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,31210,31211,31213,31215,31217,31219,31221,31223,31225,31227,31229,31231],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,31212,12819],{"class":70},[64,31214,75],{"class":74},[64,31216,10098],{"class":78},[64,31218,2686],{"class":320},[64,31220,7267],{"class":329},[64,31222,2686],{"class":320},[64,31224,160],{"class":78},[64,31226,3184],{"class":320},[64,31228,12494],{"class":329},[64,31230,2686],{"class":320},[64,31232,8915],{"class":78},[64,31234,31235,31237,31239,31241,31243,31245,31247,31249,31251,31253,31255,31257],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,31236,103],{"class":70},[64,31238,75],{"class":74},[64,31240,12862],{"class":70},[64,31242,148],{"class":78},[64,31244,30089],{"class":115},[64,31246,5123],{"class":78},[64,31248,2686],{"class":320},[64,31250,8905],{"class":329},[64,31252,2686],{"class":320},[64,31254,160],{"class":78},[64,31256,7390],{"class":82},[64,31258,30121],{"class":78},[64,31260,31261],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,31262,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,31264,31265,31267,31269,31271],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,31266,125],{"class":108},[64,31268,112],{"class":78},[64,31270,130],{"class":115},[64,31272,119],{"class":78},[64,31274,31275,31277,31279,31281],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,31276,125],{"class":108},[64,31278,112],{"class":78},[64,31280,16925],{"class":115},[64,31282,119],{"class":78},[20,31284,384],{},[55,31286,31288],{"className":57,"code":31287,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31289,31290,31294],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,31291,31292],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,31293,11420],{"class":338},[64,31295,31296,31298,31300,31302,31304,31306,31308,31310,31312,31314,31316,31318,31320,31322,31324],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,31297,8884],{"class":78},[64,31299,333],{"class":320},[64,31301,7267],{"class":329},[64,31303,333],{"class":320},[64,31305,160],{"class":78},[64,31307,326],{"class":320},[64,31309,12494],{"class":329},[64,31311,333],{"class":320},[64,31313,86],{"class":78},[64,31315,326],{"class":320},[64,31317,8905],{"class":329},[64,31319,333],{"class":320},[64,31321,160],{"class":78},[64,31323,7390],{"class":82},[64,31325,8915],{"class":78},[20,31327,16273],{},[55,31329,31331],{"className":57,"code":31330,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31332,31333,31357,31379,31383],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,31334,31335,31337,31339,31341,31343,31345,31347,31349,31351,31353,31355],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,31336,12819],{"class":70},[64,31338,75],{"class":74},[64,31340,10098],{"class":78},[64,31342,2686],{"class":320},[64,31344,7267],{"class":329},[64,31346,2686],{"class":320},[64,31348,160],{"class":78},[64,31350,3184],{"class":320},[64,31352,12494],{"class":329},[64,31354,2686],{"class":320},[64,31356,8915],{"class":78},[64,31358,31359,31361,31363,31365,31367,31369,31371,31373,31375,31377],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,31360,16925],{"class":70},[64,31362,148],{"class":78},[64,31364,30089],{"class":115},[64,31366,5123],{"class":78},[64,31368,2686],{"class":320},[64,31370,8905],{"class":329},[64,31372,2686],{"class":320},[64,31374,160],{"class":78},[64,31376,7390],{"class":82},[64,31378,30121],{"class":78},[64,31380,31381],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,31382,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,31384,31385,31387,31389,31391],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,31386,125],{"class":108},[64,31388,112],{"class":78},[64,31390,16925],{"class":115},[64,31392,119],{"class":78},[20,31394,384],{},[55,31396,31398],{"className":57,"code":31397,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31399,31400],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,31401,31402,31404,31406,31408,31410,31412,31414,31416,31418,31420,31422,31424,31426,31428,31430],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,31403,8884],{"class":78},[64,31405,333],{"class":320},[64,31407,7267],{"class":329},[64,31409,333],{"class":320},[64,31411,160],{"class":78},[64,31413,326],{"class":320},[64,31415,12494],{"class":329},[64,31417,333],{"class":320},[64,31419,86],{"class":78},[64,31421,326],{"class":320},[64,31423,8905],{"class":329},[64,31425,333],{"class":320},[64,31427,160],{"class":78},[64,31429,7390],{"class":82},[64,31431,8915],{"class":78},[20,31433,31434,31435,148],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[285,31436,17523],{"href":10339},[50,31438,1471,31440],{"id":31439},"when-to-use-update",[15,31441,14570],{},[20,31443,1923,31444,10209],{},[15,31445,14570],{},[30,31447,31448,31451,31454,31457],{},[33,31449,31450],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[33,31452,31453],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[33,31455,31456],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[33,31458,31459],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31461,31462],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[55,31464,31466],{"className":57,"code":31465,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31467,31468,31504,31519,31523,31562,31566,31576],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,31469,31470,31472,31474,31476,31478,31480,31482,31484,31486,31488,31490,31492,31494,31496,31498,31500,31502],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,31471,11698],{"class":70},[64,31473,75],{"class":74},[64,31475,10098],{"class":78},[64,31477,2686],{"class":320},[64,31479,7267],{"class":329},[64,31481,2686],{"class":320},[64,31483,160],{"class":78},[64,31485,3184],{"class":320},[64,31487,12494],{"class":329},[64,31489,2686],{"class":320},[64,31491,86],{"class":78},[64,31493,3184],{"class":320},[64,31495,8905],{"class":329},[64,31497,2686],{"class":320},[64,31499,160],{"class":78},[64,31501,7390],{"class":82},[64,31503,8915],{"class":78},[64,31505,31506,31509,31511,31513,31515,31517],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,31507,31508],{"class":70},"updated ",[64,31510,75],{"class":74},[64,31512,11773],{"class":70},[64,31514,148],{"class":78},[64,31516,12525],{"class":115},[64,31518,8247],{"class":78},[64,31520,31521],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,31522,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,31524,31525,31528,31530,31532,31534,31536,31538,31540,31542,31544,31546,31548,31550,31552,31554,31556,31558,31560],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,31526,31527],{"class":70},"updated",[64,31529,148],{"class":78},[64,31531,30089],{"class":115},[64,31533,5123],{"class":78},[64,31535,2686],{"class":320},[64,31537,8905],{"class":329},[64,31539,2686],{"class":320},[64,31541,160],{"class":78},[64,31543,30102],{"class":82},[64,31545,86],{"class":78},[64,31547,3184],{"class":320},[64,31549,10016],{"class":329},[64,31551,2686],{"class":320},[64,31553,160],{"class":78},[64,31555,3184],{"class":320},[64,31557,15648],{"class":329},[64,31559,2686],{"class":320},[64,31561,30121],{"class":78},[64,31563,31564],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,31565,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,31567,31568,31570,31572,31574],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,31569,125],{"class":108},[64,31571,112],{"class":78},[64,31573,11745],{"class":115},[64,31575,119],{"class":78},[64,31577,31578,31580,31582,31584],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,31579,125],{"class":108},[64,31581,112],{"class":78},[64,31583,31527],{"class":115},[64,31585,119],{"class":78},[20,31587,384],{},[55,31589,31591],{"className":57,"code":31590,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31592,31593,31625],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,31594,31595,31597,31599,31601,31603,31605,31607,31609,31611,31613,31615,31617,31619,31621,31623],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,31596,8884],{"class":78},[64,31598,333],{"class":320},[64,31600,7267],{"class":329},[64,31602,333],{"class":320},[64,31604,160],{"class":78},[64,31606,326],{"class":320},[64,31608,12494],{"class":329},[64,31610,333],{"class":320},[64,31612,86],{"class":78},[64,31614,326],{"class":320},[64,31616,8905],{"class":329},[64,31618,333],{"class":320},[64,31620,160],{"class":78},[64,31622,7390],{"class":82},[64,31624,8915],{"class":78},[64,31626,31627,31629,31631,31633,31635,31637,31639,31641,31643,31645,31647,31649,31651,31653,31655,31657,31659,31661,31663,31665,31667,31669,31671],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,31628,8884],{"class":78},[64,31630,333],{"class":320},[64,31632,7267],{"class":329},[64,31634,333],{"class":320},[64,31636,160],{"class":78},[64,31638,326],{"class":320},[64,31640,12494],{"class":329},[64,31642,333],{"class":320},[64,31644,86],{"class":78},[64,31646,326],{"class":320},[64,31648,8905],{"class":329},[64,31650,333],{"class":320},[64,31652,160],{"class":78},[64,31654,30102],{"class":82},[64,31656,86],{"class":78},[64,31658,326],{"class":320},[64,31660,10016],{"class":329},[64,31662,333],{"class":320},[64,31664,160],{"class":78},[64,31666,326],{"class":320},[64,31668,15648],{"class":329},[64,31670,333],{"class":320},[64,31672,8915],{"class":78},[20,31674,31675,31676,148],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[285,31677,16215],{"href":16214},[50,31679,2661],{"id":2660},[20,31681,10356,31682,160],{},[15,31683,14570],{},[30,31685,31686,31693,31697,31700,31703],{},[33,31687,12207,31688,31690,31691],{},[15,31689,14570],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31692,258],{},[33,31694,8056,31695,12215],{},[15,31696,14570],{},[33,31698,31699],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[33,31701,31702],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[33,31704,31705],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,31707,31708],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[55,31710,31712],{"className":57,"code":31711,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,31713,31714,31724,31738,31752,31774],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,31715,31716,31718,31720,31722],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,31717,125],{"class":108},[64,31719,112],{"class":78},[64,31721,11060],{"class":115},[64,31723,119],{"class":78},[64,31725,31726,31728,31730,31732,31734,31736],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,31727,125],{"class":108},[64,31729,112],{"class":78},[64,31731,3052],{"class":357},[64,31733,112],{"class":78},[64,31735,8810],{"class":115},[64,31737,471],{"class":78},[64,31739,31740,31742,31744,31746,31748,31750],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,31741,125],{"class":108},[64,31743,112],{"class":78},[64,31745,7695],{"class":357},[64,31747,112],{"class":78},[64,31749,8810],{"class":115},[64,31751,471],{"class":78},[64,31753,31754,31756,31758,31760,31762,31764,31766,31768,31770,31772],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,31755,125],{"class":108},[64,31757,112],{"class":78},[64,31759,11060],{"class":115},[64,31761,148],{"class":78},[64,31763,19370],{"class":115},[64,31765,112],{"class":78},[64,31767,333],{"class":320},[64,31769,14457],{"class":329},[64,31771,333],{"class":320},[64,31773,471],{"class":78},[64,31775,31776,31779,31781,31783,31785,31787],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,31777,31778],{"class":108},"help",[64,31780,112],{"class":78},[64,31782,8426],{"class":357},[64,31784,148],{"class":78},[64,31786,30089],{"class":24372},[64,31788,119],{"class":78},[20,31790,31791],{},"These can help you check:",[30,31793,31794,31797,31802,31805,31808],{},[33,31795,31796],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[33,31798,31799,31800],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,31801,14570],{},[33,31803,31804],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[33,31806,31807],{},"Whether a key exists",[33,31809,31810],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,31812,31813,31814,148],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[285,31815,10872],{"href":10683},[50,31817,1651],{"id":1650},[428,31819,12317,31821,31823],{"id":31820},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,31822,14570],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,31825,31826,31827,148],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,31828,258],{},[428,31830,12317,31832,31834],{"id":31831},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,31833,14570],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,31836,31837],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[428,31839,1684,31841,31843],{"id":31840},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,31842,14570],{}," add new keys?",[20,31845,31846],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[428,31848,27952,31850,31852],{"id":31849},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,31851,14570],{}," with a list?",[20,31854,31855,31856,148],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,31857,10704],{},[428,31859,1694,31861,31863],{"id":31860},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,31862,14570],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,31865,31866,31867,31869],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,31868,14570],{}," can change many keys at once.",[50,31871,1717],{"id":1716},[30,31873,31874,31878,31882,31887,31891],{},[33,31875,31876],{},[285,31877,25718],{"href":8997},[33,31879,31880],{},[285,31881,10861],{"href":10339},[33,31883,31884],{},[285,31885,31886],{"href":30711},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[33,31888,31889],{},[285,31890,21078],{"href":16214},[33,31892,31893],{},[285,31894,10872],{"href":10683},[1751,31896,31897],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":31899},[31900,31901,31903,31904,31906,31908,31909,31910,31912,31913,31925],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":30144,"depth":100,"text":31902},"What update() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":30504,"depth":100,"text":31905},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30715,"depth":100,"text":31907},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":30956,"depth":100,"text":30957},{"id":17036,"depth":100,"text":17037},{"id":31439,"depth":100,"text":31911},"When to use update()",{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":31914},[31915,31917,31919,31921,31923],{"id":31820,"depth":122,"text":31916},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":31831,"depth":122,"text":31918},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":31840,"depth":122,"text":31920},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":31849,"depth":122,"text":31922},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":31860,"depth":122,"text":31924},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30022,"description":31926},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":31932,"title":31933,"body":31934,"description":33923,"extension":1791,"meta":33924,"navigation":346,"path":22516,"seo":33925,"stem":33926,"__hash__":33927},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":31935,"toc":33886},[31936,31941,31948,31951,31953,32052,32054,32109,32114,32119,32133,32138,32140,32155,32157,32171,32184,32189,32195,32202,32204,32311,32313,32362,32368,32443,32445,32466,32468,32471,32576,32578,32633,32635,32663,32667,32672,32751,32753,32773,32775,32786,32796,32800,32805,32909,32911,32936,32939,32950,32955,32964,32967,32984,32986,33073,33075,33138,33140,33163,33165,33170,33176,33181,33183,33222,33228,33231,33250,33261,33267,33270,33343,33345,33364,33369,33372,33395,33401,33404,33468,33471,33548,33555,33558,33617,33623,33625,33644,33648,33651,33702,33705,33725,33727,33788,33790,33795,33800,33805,33810,33815,33820,33826,33829,33838,33846,33848,33883],[10,31937,10928,31939,10932],{"id":31938},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,31940,16689],{},[20,31942,31943,31944,31947],{},"The Python ",[15,31945,31946],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,31949,31950],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[50,31952,1833],{"id":1832},[55,31954,31956],{"className":57,"code":31955,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,31957,31958,32010,32024,32028,32038],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,31959,31960,31962,31964,31966,31968,31970,31972,31974,31976,31978,31980,31982,31984,31986,31988,31990,31992,31994,31996,31998,32000,32002,32004,32006,32008],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,31961,12477],{"class":70},[64,31963,75],{"class":74},[64,31965,10098],{"class":78},[64,31967,2686],{"class":320},[64,31969,7267],{"class":329},[64,31971,2686],{"class":320},[64,31973,160],{"class":78},[64,31975,3184],{"class":320},[64,31977,12494],{"class":329},[64,31979,2686],{"class":320},[64,31981,86],{"class":78},[64,31983,3184],{"class":320},[64,31985,8905],{"class":329},[64,31987,2686],{"class":320},[64,31989,160],{"class":78},[64,31991,7390],{"class":82},[64,31993,86],{"class":78},[64,31995,3184],{"class":320},[64,31997,10016],{"class":329},[64,31999,2686],{"class":320},[64,32001,160],{"class":78},[64,32003,3184],{"class":320},[64,32005,15648],{"class":329},[64,32007,2686],{"class":320},[64,32009,8915],{"class":78},[64,32011,32012,32014,32016,32018,32020,32022],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,32013,304],{"class":70},[64,32015,75],{"class":74},[64,32017,12520],{"class":70},[64,32019,148],{"class":78},[64,32021,4951],{"class":115},[64,32023,8247],{"class":78},[64,32025,32026],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,32027,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,32029,32030,32032,32034,32036],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,32031,125],{"class":108},[64,32033,112],{"class":78},[64,32035,4951],{"class":115},[64,32037,119],{"class":78},[64,32039,32040,32042,32044,32046,32048,32050],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,32041,125],{"class":108},[64,32043,112],{"class":78},[64,32045,7695],{"class":357},[64,32047,112],{"class":78},[64,32049,4951],{"class":115},[64,32051,471],{"class":78},[20,32053,384],{},[55,32055,32057],{"className":57,"code":32056,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32058,32059,32085],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,32060,32061,32063,32065,32067,32069,32071,32073,32075,32077,32079,32081,32083],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,32062,16655],{"class":115},[64,32064,354],{"class":78},[64,32066,333],{"class":320},[64,32068,12494],{"class":329},[64,32070,333],{"class":320},[64,32072,86],{"class":78},[64,32074,7390],{"class":82},[64,32076,86],{"class":78},[64,32078,326],{"class":320},[64,32080,15648],{"class":329},[64,32082,333],{"class":320},[64,32084,381],{"class":78},[64,32086,32087,32089,32091,32093,32095,32097,32099,32101,32103,32105,32107],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,32088,394],{"class":78},[64,32090,333],{"class":320},[64,32092,12494],{"class":329},[64,32094,333],{"class":320},[64,32096,86],{"class":78},[64,32098,7390],{"class":82},[64,32100,86],{"class":78},[64,32102,326],{"class":320},[64,32104,15648],{"class":329},[64,32106,333],{"class":320},[64,32108,97],{"class":78},[20,32110,32111,32113],{},[15,32112,16689],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[50,32115,152,32117,155],{"id":32116},"what-values-does",[15,32118,16689],{},[30,32120,32121,32124,32127,32130],{},[33,32122,32123],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[33,32125,32126],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[33,32128,32129],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[33,32131,32132],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32134,32135,32136,148],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[285,32137,8998],{"href":8997},[50,32139,1988],{"id":1987},[55,32141,32143],{"className":57,"code":32142,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32144,32145],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,32146,32147,32149,32151,32153],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,32148,11060],{"class":70},[64,32150,148],{"class":78},[64,32152,4951],{"class":115},[64,32154,8247],{"class":78},[20,32156,12666],{},[30,32158,32159,32163,32166],{},[33,32160,32161,11076],{},[15,32162,16689],{},[33,32164,32165],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[33,32167,32168,32169],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32170,16689],{},[20,32172,32173,32174,896,32179,148],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[285,32175,32176,32178],{"href":16680},[15,32177,16683],{}," for dictionary keys",[285,32180,32181,32183],{"href":16693},[15,32182,16696],{}," for key-value pairs",[50,32185,152,32187,11317],{"id":32186},"what-values-returns",[15,32188,16689],{},[20,32190,32191,21596,32193,24386],{},[15,32192,16689],{},[15,32194,16655],{},[20,32196,32197,32198,32201],{},"This object is a ",[221,32199,32200],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32203,916],{},[55,32205,32207],{"className":57,"code":32206,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32208,32209,32245,32249,32264,32275,32279,32301],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,32210,32211,32213,32215,32217,32219,32221,32223,32225,32227,32229,32231,32233,32235,32237,32239,32241,32243],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,32212,12819],{"class":70},[64,32214,75],{"class":74},[64,32216,10098],{"class":78},[64,32218,2686],{"class":320},[64,32220,7267],{"class":329},[64,32222,2686],{"class":320},[64,32224,160],{"class":78},[64,32226,3184],{"class":320},[64,32228,7522],{"class":329},[64,32230,2686],{"class":320},[64,32232,86],{"class":78},[64,32234,3184],{"class":320},[64,32236,8905],{"class":329},[64,32238,2686],{"class":320},[64,32240,160],{"class":78},[64,32242,8912],{"class":82},[64,32244,8915],{"class":78},[64,32246,32247],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,32248,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,32250,32251,32254,32256,32258,32260,32262],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,32252,32253],{"class":70},"values_view ",[64,32255,75],{"class":74},[64,32257,12862],{"class":70},[64,32259,148],{"class":78},[64,32261,4951],{"class":115},[64,32263,8247],{"class":78},[64,32265,32266,32268,32270,32273],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,32267,125],{"class":108},[64,32269,112],{"class":78},[64,32271,32272],{"class":115},"values_view",[64,32274,119],{"class":78},[64,32276,32277],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,32278,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,32280,32281,32283,32285,32287,32289,32291,32293,32295,32297,32299],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,32282,16925],{"class":70},[64,32284,394],{"class":78},[64,32286,2686],{"class":320},[64,32288,10016],{"class":329},[64,32290,2686],{"class":320},[64,32292,12888],{"class":78},[64,32294,12891],{"class":74},[64,32296,3184],{"class":320},[64,32298,30268],{"class":329},[64,32300,3190],{"class":320},[64,32302,32303,32305,32307,32309],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,32304,125],{"class":108},[64,32306,112],{"class":78},[64,32308,32272],{"class":115},[64,32310,119],{"class":78},[20,32312,384],{},[55,32314,32316],{"className":57,"code":32315,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32317,32318,32336],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,32319,32320,32322,32324,32326,32328,32330,32332,32334],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,32321,16655],{"class":115},[64,32323,354],{"class":78},[64,32325,333],{"class":320},[64,32327,7522],{"class":329},[64,32329,333],{"class":320},[64,32331,86],{"class":78},[64,32333,8912],{"class":82},[64,32335,381],{"class":78},[64,32337,32338,32340,32342,32344,32346,32348,32350,32352,32354,32356,32358,32360],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,32339,16655],{"class":115},[64,32341,354],{"class":78},[64,32343,333],{"class":320},[64,32345,7522],{"class":329},[64,32347,333],{"class":320},[64,32349,86],{"class":78},[64,32351,8912],{"class":82},[64,32353,86],{"class":78},[64,32355,326],{"class":320},[64,32357,30268],{"class":329},[64,32359,333],{"class":320},[64,32361,381],{"class":78},[20,32363,32364,32365,148],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32366,32367],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[55,32369,32371],{"className":57,"code":32370,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32372,32373,32409,32428,32432],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,32374,32375,32377,32379,32381,32383,32385,32387,32389,32391,32393,32395,32397,32399,32401,32403,32405,32407],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,32376,12819],{"class":70},[64,32378,75],{"class":74},[64,32380,10098],{"class":78},[64,32382,2686],{"class":320},[64,32384,7267],{"class":329},[64,32386,2686],{"class":320},[64,32388,160],{"class":78},[64,32390,3184],{"class":320},[64,32392,7522],{"class":329},[64,32394,2686],{"class":320},[64,32396,86],{"class":78},[64,32398,3184],{"class":320},[64,32400,8905],{"class":329},[64,32402,2686],{"class":320},[64,32404,160],{"class":78},[64,32406,8912],{"class":82},[64,32408,8915],{"class":78},[64,32410,32411,32414,32416,32418,32420,32422,32424,32426],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,32412,32413],{"class":70},"values_list ",[64,32415,75],{"class":74},[64,32417,22181],{"class":357},[64,32419,112],{"class":78},[64,32421,16925],{"class":115},[64,32423,148],{"class":78},[64,32425,4951],{"class":115},[64,32427,6792],{"class":78},[64,32429,32430],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,32431,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,32433,32434,32436,32438,32441],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,32435,125],{"class":108},[64,32437,112],{"class":78},[64,32439,32440],{"class":115},"values_list",[64,32442,119],{"class":78},[20,32444,384],{},[55,32446,32448],{"className":57,"code":32447,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32449,32450],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,32451,32452,32454,32456,32458,32460,32462,32464],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,32453,394],{"class":78},[64,32455,333],{"class":320},[64,32457,7522],{"class":329},[64,32459,333],{"class":320},[64,32461,86],{"class":78},[64,32463,8912],{"class":82},[64,32465,97],{"class":78},[50,32467,11086],{"id":11085},[20,32469,32470],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[55,32472,32474],{"className":57,"code":32473,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32475,32476,32530,32534,32548,32552,32562],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,32477,32478,32480,32482,32484,32486,32488,32490,32492,32494,32496,32498,32500,32502,32504,32506,32508,32511,32513,32515,32518,32520,32522,32524,32526,32528],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,32479,24418],{"class":70},[64,32481,75],{"class":74},[64,32483,10098],{"class":78},[64,32485,2686],{"class":320},[64,32487,24427],{"class":329},[64,32489,2686],{"class":320},[64,32491,160],{"class":78},[64,32493,3184],{"class":320},[64,32495,24436],{"class":329},[64,32497,2686],{"class":320},[64,32499,86],{"class":78},[64,32501,3184],{"class":320},[64,32503,24445],{"class":329},[64,32505,2686],{"class":320},[64,32507,160],{"class":78},[64,32509,32510],{"class":82}," 2022",[64,32512,86],{"class":78},[64,32514,3184],{"class":320},[64,32516,32517],{"class":329},"color",[64,32519,2686],{"class":320},[64,32521,160],{"class":78},[64,32523,3184],{"class":320},[64,32525,12724],{"class":329},[64,32527,2686],{"class":320},[64,32529,8915],{"class":78},[64,32531,32532],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,32533,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,32535,32536,32538,32540,32542,32544,32546],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,32537,103],{"class":70},[64,32539,75],{"class":74},[64,32541,24467],{"class":70},[64,32543,148],{"class":78},[64,32545,4951],{"class":115},[64,32547,8247],{"class":78},[64,32549,32550],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,32551,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,32553,32554,32556,32558,32560],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,32555,125],{"class":108},[64,32557,112],{"class":78},[64,32559,130],{"class":115},[64,32561,119],{"class":78},[64,32563,32564,32566,32568,32570,32572,32574],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,32565,125],{"class":108},[64,32567,112],{"class":78},[64,32569,7695],{"class":357},[64,32571,112],{"class":78},[64,32573,130],{"class":115},[64,32575,471],{"class":78},[20,32577,384],{},[55,32579,32581],{"className":57,"code":32580,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32582,32583,32609],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,32584,32585,32587,32589,32591,32593,32595,32597,32599,32601,32603,32605,32607],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,32586,16655],{"class":115},[64,32588,354],{"class":78},[64,32590,333],{"class":320},[64,32592,24436],{"class":329},[64,32594,333],{"class":320},[64,32596,86],{"class":78},[64,32598,32510],{"class":82},[64,32600,86],{"class":78},[64,32602,326],{"class":320},[64,32604,12724],{"class":329},[64,32606,333],{"class":320},[64,32608,381],{"class":78},[64,32610,32611,32613,32615,32617,32619,32621,32623,32625,32627,32629,32631],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,32612,394],{"class":78},[64,32614,333],{"class":320},[64,32616,24436],{"class":329},[64,32618,333],{"class":320},[64,32620,86],{"class":78},[64,32622,32510],{"class":82},[64,32624,86],{"class":78},[64,32626,326],{"class":320},[64,32628,12724],{"class":329},[64,32630,333],{"class":320},[64,32632,97],{"class":78},[20,32634,11295],{},[30,32636,32637,32643,32649,32657],{},[33,32638,32639,32642],{},[15,32640,32641],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[33,32644,32645,32648],{},[15,32646,32647],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[33,32650,32651,32654,32655,24239],{},[15,32652,32653],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32656,16655],{},[33,32658,32659,32662],{},[15,32660,32661],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[50,32664,32666],{"id":32665},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32668,32669,32670,25687],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32671,5552],{},[55,32673,32675],{"className":57,"code":32674,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32676,32677,32721,32725,32741],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,32678,32679,32681,32683,32685,32687,32689,32691,32693,32695,32697,32699,32701,32703,32705,32707,32709,32711,32713,32715,32717,32719],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,32680,1574],{"class":70},[64,32682,75],{"class":74},[64,32684,10098],{"class":78},[64,32686,2686],{"class":320},[64,32688,18036],{"class":329},[64,32690,2686],{"class":320},[64,32692,160],{"class":78},[64,32694,19518],{"class":82},[64,32696,86],{"class":78},[64,32698,3184],{"class":320},[64,32700,30778],{"class":329},[64,32702,2686],{"class":320},[64,32704,160],{"class":78},[64,32706,13122],{"class":82},[64,32708,86],{"class":78},[64,32710,3184],{"class":320},[64,32712,18045],{"class":329},[64,32714,2686],{"class":320},[64,32716,160],{"class":78},[64,32718,28544],{"class":82},[64,32720,8915],{"class":78},[64,32722,32723],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,32724,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,32726,32727,32729,32731,32733,32735,32737,32739],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,32728,5552],{"class":368},[64,32730,21205],{"class":70},[64,32732,375],{"class":368},[64,32734,1621],{"class":70},[64,32736,148],{"class":78},[64,32738,4951],{"class":115},[64,32740,21216],{"class":78},[64,32742,32743,32745,32747,32749],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,32744,7670],{"class":108},[64,32746,112],{"class":78},[64,32748,2302],{"class":115},[64,32750,119],{"class":78},[20,32752,384],{},[55,32754,32756],{"className":57,"code":32755,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,32757,32758,32763,32768],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,32759,32760],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,32761,32762],{"class":82},"90\n",[64,32764,32765],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,32766,32767],{"class":82},"85\n",[64,32769,32770],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,32771,32772],{"class":82},"88\n",[20,32774,17329],{},[30,32776,32777,32780,32783],{},[33,32778,32779],{},"You only need the values",[33,32781,32782],{},"You do not care about the keys",[33,32784,32785],{},"You want simpler code",[20,32787,32788,32789,212,32793,148],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[285,32790,10345,32791,10349],{"href":16693},[15,32792,16696],{},[285,32794,22096],{"href":32795},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[50,32797,32799],{"id":32798},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,32801,1923,32802,32804],{},[15,32803,32367],{}," when you need a list.",[55,32806,32808],{"className":57,"code":32807,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,32809,32810,32856,32860,32880,32884,32895],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,32811,32812,32815,32817,32819,32821,32823,32825,32827,32829,32831,32833,32835,32837,32839,32841,32843,32845,32848,32850,32852,32854],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,32813,32814],{"class":70},"fruit_prices ",[64,32816,75],{"class":74},[64,32818,10098],{"class":78},[64,32820,2686],{"class":320},[64,32822,576],{"class":329},[64,32824,2686],{"class":320},[64,32826,160],{"class":78},[64,32828,89],{"class":82},[64,32830,86],{"class":78},[64,32832,3184],{"class":320},[64,32834,585],{"class":329},[64,32836,2686],{"class":320},[64,32838,160],{"class":78},[64,32840,5091],{"class":82},[64,32842,86],{"class":78},[64,32844,3184],{"class":320},[64,32846,32847],{"class":329},"orange",[64,32849,2686],{"class":320},[64,32851,160],{"class":78},[64,32853,94],{"class":82},[64,32855,8915],{"class":78},[64,32857,32858],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,32859,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,32861,32862,32865,32867,32869,32871,32874,32876,32878],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,32863,32864],{"class":70},"price_list ",[64,32866,75],{"class":74},[64,32868,22181],{"class":357},[64,32870,112],{"class":78},[64,32872,32873],{"class":115},"fruit_prices",[64,32875,148],{"class":78},[64,32877,4951],{"class":115},[64,32879,6792],{"class":78},[64,32881,32882],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,32883,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,32885,32886,32888,32890,32893],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,32887,125],{"class":108},[64,32889,112],{"class":78},[64,32891,32892],{"class":115},"price_list",[64,32894,119],{"class":78},[64,32896,32897,32899,32901,32903,32905,32907],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,32898,125],{"class":108},[64,32900,112],{"class":78},[64,32902,32892],{"class":115},[64,32904,394],{"class":78},[64,32906,243],{"class":82},[64,32908,381],{"class":78},[20,32910,384],{},[55,32912,32914],{"className":57,"code":32913,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,32915,32916,32932],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,32917,32918,32920,32922,32924,32926,32928,32930],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,32919,394],{"class":78},[64,32921,815],{"class":82},[64,32923,86],{"class":78},[64,32925,5091],{"class":82},[64,32927,86],{"class":78},[64,32929,94],{"class":82},[64,32931,97],{"class":78},[64,32933,32934],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,32935,16674],{"class":82},[20,32937,32938],{},"This is helpful for:",[30,32940,32941,32944,32947],{},[33,32942,32943],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[33,32945,32946],{},"Accessing values by index",[33,32948,32949],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,32951,419,32952,32954],{},[15,32953,16655],{}," is not the same as a list.",[50,32956,32958,10193,32960,10193,32962],{"id":32957},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,32959,16689],{},[15,32961,16683],{},[15,32963,16696],{},[20,32965,32966],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[30,32968,32969,32974,32979],{},[33,32970,32971,32973],{},[15,32972,16689],{}," returns only the values",[33,32975,32976,32978],{},[15,32977,16683],{}," returns only the keys",[33,32980,32981,32983],{},[15,32982,16696],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,32985,1956],{},[55,32987,32989],{"className":57,"code":32988,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,32990,32991,33027,33031,33045,33059],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,32992,32993,32995,32997,32999,33001,33003,33005,33007,33009,33011,33013,33015,33017,33019,33021,33023,33025],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,32994,12477],{"class":70},[64,32996,75],{"class":74},[64,32998,10098],{"class":78},[64,33000,2686],{"class":320},[64,33002,7267],{"class":329},[64,33004,2686],{"class":320},[64,33006,160],{"class":78},[64,33008,3184],{"class":320},[64,33010,12494],{"class":329},[64,33012,2686],{"class":320},[64,33014,86],{"class":78},[64,33016,3184],{"class":320},[64,33018,8905],{"class":329},[64,33020,2686],{"class":320},[64,33022,160],{"class":78},[64,33024,7390],{"class":82},[64,33026,8915],{"class":78},[64,33028,33029],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,33030,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,33032,33033,33035,33037,33039,33041,33043],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,33034,125],{"class":108},[64,33036,112],{"class":78},[64,33038,13241],{"class":115},[64,33040,148],{"class":78},[64,33042,16541],{"class":115},[64,33044,6792],{"class":78},[64,33046,33047,33049,33051,33053,33055,33057],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,33048,125],{"class":108},[64,33050,112],{"class":78},[64,33052,13241],{"class":115},[64,33054,148],{"class":78},[64,33056,4951],{"class":115},[64,33058,6792],{"class":78},[64,33060,33061,33063,33065,33067,33069,33071],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,33062,125],{"class":108},[64,33064,112],{"class":78},[64,33066,13241],{"class":115},[64,33068,148],{"class":78},[64,33070,7410],{"class":115},[64,33072,6792],{"class":78},[20,33074,384],{},[55,33076,33078],{"className":57,"code":33077,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33079,33080,33102,33120],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,33081,33082,33084,33086,33088,33090,33092,33094,33096,33098,33100],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33083,16632],{"class":115},[64,33085,354],{"class":78},[64,33087,333],{"class":320},[64,33089,7267],{"class":329},[64,33091,333],{"class":320},[64,33093,86],{"class":78},[64,33095,326],{"class":320},[64,33097,8905],{"class":329},[64,33099,333],{"class":320},[64,33101,381],{"class":78},[64,33103,33104,33106,33108,33110,33112,33114,33116,33118],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,33105,16655],{"class":115},[64,33107,354],{"class":78},[64,33109,333],{"class":320},[64,33111,12494],{"class":329},[64,33113,333],{"class":320},[64,33115,86],{"class":78},[64,33117,7390],{"class":82},[64,33119,381],{"class":78},[64,33121,33122,33124,33126,33128,33130,33132,33134,33136],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,33123,21529],{"class":115},[64,33125,9264],{"class":78},[64,33127,333],{"class":320},[64,33129,7267],{"class":329},[64,33131,333],{"class":320},[64,33133,86],{"class":78},[64,33135,7390],{"class":82},[64,33137,10287],{"class":78},[20,33139,18314],{},[30,33141,33142,33149,33156],{},[33,33143,33144,33148],{},[285,33145,33146],{"href":16680},[15,33147,16683],{}," when you need just the keys",[33,33150,33151,33155],{},[285,33152,33153],{"href":16686},[15,33154,16689],{}," when you need just the values",[33,33157,33158,33162],{},[285,33159,33160],{"href":16693},[15,33161,16696],{}," when you need both",[50,33164,1023],{"id":1022},[20,33166,33167,33168,148],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33169,16689],{},[428,33171,29274,33173,33175],{"id":33172},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33174,16689],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33177,33178,33180],{},[15,33179,16689],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33182,16261],{},[55,33184,33186],{"className":57,"code":33185,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33187,33188,33208],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,33189,33190,33192,33194,33196,33198,33200,33202,33204,33206],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33191,7910],{"class":70},[64,33193,75],{"class":74},[64,33195,79],{"class":78},[64,33197,83],{"class":82},[64,33199,86],{"class":78},[64,33201,89],{"class":82},[64,33203,86],{"class":78},[64,33205,94],{"class":82},[64,33207,97],{"class":78},[64,33209,33210,33212,33214,33216,33218,33220],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,33211,125],{"class":108},[64,33213,112],{"class":78},[64,33215,7941],{"class":115},[64,33217,148],{"class":78},[64,33219,4951],{"class":115},[64,33221,6792],{"class":78},[20,33223,33224,33225,33227],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33226,16689],{}," method.",[20,33229,33230],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[55,33232,33234],{"className":57,"code":33233,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33235,33236],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,33237,33238,33240,33242,33244,33246,33248],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33239,125],{"class":108},[64,33241,112],{"class":78},[64,33243,3052],{"class":357},[64,33245,112],{"class":78},[64,33247,7941],{"class":115},[64,33249,471],{"class":78},[20,33251,33252,33253,33255,33256,148],{},"If you get an ",[15,33254,25294],{},", see ",[285,33257,25302,33258,33260],{"href":25301},[15,33259,25305],{}," errors",[428,33262,1085,33264,33266],{"id":33263},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33265,16689],{}," returns a list",[20,33268,33269],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[55,33271,33273],{"className":57,"code":33272,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33274,33275,33311,33325,33329],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,33276,33277,33279,33281,33283,33285,33287,33289,33291,33293,33295,33297,33299,33301,33303,33305,33307,33309],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33278,12477],{"class":70},[64,33280,75],{"class":74},[64,33282,10098],{"class":78},[64,33284,2686],{"class":320},[64,33286,7267],{"class":329},[64,33288,2686],{"class":320},[64,33290,160],{"class":78},[64,33292,3184],{"class":320},[64,33294,12494],{"class":329},[64,33296,2686],{"class":320},[64,33298,86],{"class":78},[64,33300,3184],{"class":320},[64,33302,8905],{"class":329},[64,33304,2686],{"class":320},[64,33306,160],{"class":78},[64,33308,7390],{"class":82},[64,33310,8915],{"class":78},[64,33312,33313,33315,33317,33319,33321,33323],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,33314,304],{"class":70},[64,33316,75],{"class":74},[64,33318,12520],{"class":70},[64,33320,148],{"class":78},[64,33322,4951],{"class":115},[64,33324,8247],{"class":78},[64,33326,33327],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,33328,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,33330,33331,33333,33335,33337,33339,33341],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,33332,125],{"class":108},[64,33334,112],{"class":78},[64,33336,3052],{"class":357},[64,33338,112],{"class":78},[64,33340,4951],{"class":115},[64,33342,471],{"class":78},[20,33344,384],{},[55,33346,33348],{"className":57,"code":33347,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33349,33350],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,33351,33352,33354,33356,33358,33360,33362],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33353,3121],{"class":74},[64,33355,3124],{"class":1895},[64,33357,326],{"class":320},[64,33359,16655],{"class":329},[64,33361,333],{"class":320},[64,33363,3133],{"class":74},[20,33365,1661,33366,33368],{},[15,33367,16655],{},", not a list.",[20,33370,33371],{},"If you need a list:",[55,33373,33375],{"className":57,"code":33374,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33376,33377],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,33378,33379,33381,33383,33385,33387,33389,33391,33393],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33380,304],{"class":70},[64,33382,75],{"class":74},[64,33384,22181],{"class":357},[64,33386,112],{"class":78},[64,33388,13241],{"class":115},[64,33390,148],{"class":78},[64,33392,4951],{"class":115},[64,33394,6792],{"class":78},[428,33396,33398,33399],{"id":33397},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33400,16655],{},[20,33402,33403],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[55,33405,33407],{"className":57,"code":33406,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33408,33409,33445,33459,33463],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,33410,33411,33413,33415,33417,33419,33421,33423,33425,33427,33429,33431,33433,33435,33437,33439,33441,33443],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33412,12477],{"class":70},[64,33414,75],{"class":74},[64,33416,10098],{"class":78},[64,33418,2686],{"class":320},[64,33420,7267],{"class":329},[64,33422,2686],{"class":320},[64,33424,160],{"class":78},[64,33426,3184],{"class":320},[64,33428,12494],{"class":329},[64,33430,2686],{"class":320},[64,33432,86],{"class":78},[64,33434,3184],{"class":320},[64,33436,8905],{"class":329},[64,33438,2686],{"class":320},[64,33440,160],{"class":78},[64,33442,7390],{"class":82},[64,33444,8915],{"class":78},[64,33446,33447,33449,33451,33453,33455,33457],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,33448,304],{"class":70},[64,33450,75],{"class":74},[64,33452,12520],{"class":70},[64,33454,148],{"class":78},[64,33456,4951],{"class":115},[64,33458,8247],{"class":78},[64,33460,33461],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,33462,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,33464,33465],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,33466,33467],{"class":136},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33469,33470],{},"Convert to a list first:",[55,33472,33474],{"className":57,"code":33473,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33475,33476,33512,33530,33534],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,33477,33478,33480,33482,33484,33486,33488,33490,33492,33494,33496,33498,33500,33502,33504,33506,33508,33510],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33479,12477],{"class":70},[64,33481,75],{"class":74},[64,33483,10098],{"class":78},[64,33485,2686],{"class":320},[64,33487,7267],{"class":329},[64,33489,2686],{"class":320},[64,33491,160],{"class":78},[64,33493,3184],{"class":320},[64,33495,12494],{"class":329},[64,33497,2686],{"class":320},[64,33499,86],{"class":78},[64,33501,3184],{"class":320},[64,33503,8905],{"class":329},[64,33505,2686],{"class":320},[64,33507,160],{"class":78},[64,33509,7390],{"class":82},[64,33511,8915],{"class":78},[64,33513,33514,33516,33518,33520,33522,33524,33526,33528],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,33515,304],{"class":70},[64,33517,75],{"class":74},[64,33519,22181],{"class":357},[64,33521,112],{"class":78},[64,33523,13241],{"class":115},[64,33525,148],{"class":78},[64,33527,4951],{"class":115},[64,33529,6792],{"class":78},[64,33531,33532],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,33533,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,33535,33536,33538,33540,33542,33544,33546],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,33537,125],{"class":108},[64,33539,112],{"class":78},[64,33541,4951],{"class":115},[64,33543,394],{"class":78},[64,33545,243],{"class":82},[64,33547,381],{"class":78},[428,33549,8020,33551,10701,33553],{"id":33550},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33552,4951],{},[15,33554,16689],{},[20,33556,33557],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[55,33559,33561],{"className":57,"code":33560,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33562,33563,33599,33603],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,33564,33565,33567,33569,33571,33573,33575,33577,33579,33581,33583,33585,33587,33589,33591,33593,33595,33597],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33566,12477],{"class":70},[64,33568,75],{"class":74},[64,33570,10098],{"class":78},[64,33572,2686],{"class":320},[64,33574,7267],{"class":329},[64,33576,2686],{"class":320},[64,33578,160],{"class":78},[64,33580,3184],{"class":320},[64,33582,12494],{"class":329},[64,33584,2686],{"class":320},[64,33586,86],{"class":78},[64,33588,3184],{"class":320},[64,33590,8905],{"class":329},[64,33592,2686],{"class":320},[64,33594,160],{"class":78},[64,33596,7390],{"class":82},[64,33598,8915],{"class":78},[64,33600,33601],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,33602,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,33604,33605,33607,33609,33611,33613,33615],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,33606,125],{"class":108},[64,33608,112],{"class":78},[64,33610,13241],{"class":115},[64,33612,148],{"class":78},[64,33614,4951],{"class":24372},[64,33616,119],{"class":78},[20,33618,33619,33622],{},[15,33620,33621],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33624,18314],{},[55,33626,33628],{"className":57,"code":33627,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33629,33630],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,33631,33632,33634,33636,33638,33640,33642],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33633,125],{"class":108},[64,33635,112],{"class":78},[64,33637,13241],{"class":115},[64,33639,148],{"class":78},[64,33641,4951],{"class":115},[64,33643,6792],{"class":78},[428,33645,33647],{"id":33646},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33649,33650],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[55,33652,33654],{"className":57,"code":33653,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33655,33656,33688],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,33657,33658,33660,33662,33664,33666,33668,33670,33672,33674,33676,33678,33680,33682,33684,33686],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33659,8771],{"class":70},[64,33661,75],{"class":74},[64,33663,10098],{"class":78},[64,33665,2686],{"class":320},[64,33667,285],{"class":329},[64,33669,2686],{"class":320},[64,33671,160],{"class":78},[64,33673,5091],{"class":82},[64,33675,86],{"class":78},[64,33677,3184],{"class":320},[64,33679,1269],{"class":329},[64,33681,2686],{"class":320},[64,33683,160],{"class":78},[64,33685,89],{"class":82},[64,33687,8915],{"class":78},[64,33689,33690,33692,33694,33696,33698,33700],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,33691,125],{"class":108},[64,33693,112],{"class":78},[64,33695,8810],{"class":115},[64,33697,148],{"class":78},[64,33699,4951],{"class":115},[64,33701,6792],{"class":78},[20,33703,33704],{},"Not like this:",[55,33706,33708],{"className":57,"code":33707,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,33709,33710,33715,33720],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,33711,33712],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33713,33714],{"class":136},"# Wrong examples:\n",[64,33716,33717],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,33718,33719],{"class":136},"# data().values()\n",[64,33721,33722],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,33723,33724],{"class":136},"# values(data)\n",[20,33726,3170],{},[55,33728,33730],{"className":57,"code":33729,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,33731,33732,33746,33756,33770],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,33733,33734,33736,33738,33740,33742,33744],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33735,125],{"class":108},[64,33737,112],{"class":78},[64,33739,3052],{"class":357},[64,33741,112],{"class":78},[64,33743,11060],{"class":115},[64,33745,471],{"class":78},[64,33747,33748,33750,33752,33754],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,33749,125],{"class":108},[64,33751,112],{"class":78},[64,33753,11060],{"class":115},[64,33755,119],{"class":78},[64,33757,33758,33760,33762,33764,33766,33768],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,33759,125],{"class":108},[64,33761,112],{"class":78},[64,33763,11060],{"class":115},[64,33765,148],{"class":78},[64,33767,4951],{"class":115},[64,33769,6792],{"class":78},[64,33771,33772,33774,33776,33778,33780,33782,33784,33786],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,33773,125],{"class":108},[64,33775,112],{"class":78},[64,33777,7695],{"class":357},[64,33779,112],{"class":78},[64,33781,11060],{"class":115},[64,33783,148],{"class":78},[64,33785,4951],{"class":115},[64,33787,5885],{"class":78},[50,33789,1651],{"id":1650},[428,33791,1655,33793,1658],{"id":33792},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,33794,31946],{},[20,33796,17040,33797,33799],{},[15,33798,16655],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[428,33801,12317,33803,23553],{"id":33802},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,33804,16689],{},[20,33806,23556,33807,23560],{},[15,33808,33809],{},"list(...)",[428,33811,25679,33813,1677],{"id":33812},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,33814,31946],{},[20,33816,33817,33818,25687],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,33819,5552],{},[428,33821,12317,33823,33825],{"id":33822},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,33824,31946],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,33827,33828],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[428,33830,33832,33833,33835,33836,1677],{"id":33831},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,33834,16689],{}," different from ",[15,33837,16696],{},[20,33839,33840,33842,33843,33845],{},[15,33841,16689],{}," returns only values. ",[15,33844,16696],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[50,33847,1717],{"id":1716},[30,33849,33850,33856,33862,33866,33872,33876],{},[33,33851,33852],{},[285,33853,10345,33854,10349],{"href":16680},[15,33855,16683],{},[33,33857,33858],{},[285,33859,10345,33860,10349],{"href":16693},[15,33861,16696],{},[33,33863,33864],{},[285,33865,10852],{"href":8997},[33,33867,33868],{},[285,33869,33871],{"href":33870},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[33,33873,33874],{},[285,33875,23638],{"href":32795},[33,33877,33878],{},[285,33879,29972,33880],{"href":25301},[15,33881,33882],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1751,33884,33885],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":33887},[33888,33889,33891,33892,33894,33895,33896,33897,33899,33910,33922],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":32116,"depth":100,"text":33890},"What values() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":32186,"depth":100,"text":33893},"What values() returns",{"id":11085,"depth":100,"text":11086},{"id":32665,"depth":100,"text":32666},{"id":32798,"depth":100,"text":32799},{"id":32957,"depth":100,"text":33898},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":1022,"depth":100,"text":1023,"children":33900},[33901,33903,33905,33907,33909],{"id":33172,"depth":122,"text":33902},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33263,"depth":122,"text":33904},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33397,"depth":122,"text":33906},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33550,"depth":122,"text":33908},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33646,"depth":122,"text":33647},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":33911},[33912,33914,33916,33918,33920],{"id":33792,"depth":122,"text":33913},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":33802,"depth":122,"text":33915},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":33812,"depth":122,"text":33917},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":33822,"depth":122,"text":33919},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":33831,"depth":122,"text":33921},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":31933,"description":33923},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":33929,"title":33930,"body":33931,"description":35362,"extension":1791,"meta":35363,"navigation":346,"path":35364,"seo":35365,"stem":35366,"__hash__":35367},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":33932,"toc":35314},[33933,33939,33944,33947,33963,33972,33974,34006,34012,34015,34110,34113,34118,34123,34126,34137,34139,34153,34159,34161,34166,34172,34175,34214,34222,34227,34230,34275,34278,34290,34296,34302,34306,34339,34342,34360,34363,34367,34406,34408,34428,34431,34443,34448,34454,34457,34512,34515,34526,34529,34540,34543,34547,34553,34555,34585,34588,34603,34606,34609,34628,34631,34647,34656,34658,34689,34695,34700,34703,34710,34741,34744,34766,34769,34772,34786,34790,34821,34836,34843,34850,34854,34862,34866,34874,34877,34926,34937,34939,34942,34948,34953,34963,34967,34970,34973,34977,34980,34982,35003,35007,35013,35024,35030,35032,35038,35062,35065,35128,35131,35159,35162,35224,35226,35231,35234,35241,35249,35256,35259,35267,35273,35275,35302,35311],[10,33934,13,33936,18],{"id":33935},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,33937,33938],{},"dir()",[20,33940,31943,33941,33943],{},[15,33942,33938],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,33945,33946],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[30,33948,33949,33952,33955,33960],{},[33,33950,33951],{},"learning Python",[33,33953,33954],{},"exploring a new object",[33,33956,33957,33958],{},"debugging an ",[15,33959,25294],{},[33,33961,33962],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,33964,33965,33966,33968,33969],{},"In short, ",[15,33967,33938],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[221,33970,33971],{},"“What can I use here?”",[50,33973,1833],{"id":1832},[55,33975,33977],{"className":57,"code":33976,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,33978,33979,33991],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,33980,33981,33983,33985,33987,33989],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,33982,7477],{"class":70},[64,33984,75],{"class":74},[64,33986,3184],{"class":320},[64,33988,330],{"class":329},[64,33990,3190],{"class":320},[64,33992,33993,33995,33997,34000,34002,34004],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,33994,125],{"class":108},[64,33996,112],{"class":78},[64,33998,33999],{"class":108},"dir",[64,34001,112],{"class":78},[64,34003,7267],{"class":115},[64,34005,471],{"class":78},[20,34007,1923,34008,34011],{},[15,34009,34010],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34013,34014],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[55,34016,34018],{"className":57,"code":34017,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34019,34020],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,34021,34022,34024,34026,34029,34031,34033,34035,34038,34040,34042,34044,34047,34049,34051,34053,34056,34058,34060,34062,34065,34067,34069,34071,34074,34076,34078,34082,34084,34086,34088,34090,34092,34094,34097,34099,34101,34103,34106,34108],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,34023,394],{"class":78},[64,34025,333],{"class":320},[64,34027,34028],{"class":329},"__add__",[64,34030,333],{"class":320},[64,34032,86],{"class":78},[64,34034,326],{"class":320},[64,34036,34037],{"class":329},"__class__",[64,34039,333],{"class":320},[64,34041,86],{"class":78},[64,34043,326],{"class":320},[64,34045,34046],{"class":329},"__contains__",[64,34048,333],{"class":320},[64,34050,86],{"class":78},[64,34052,326],{"class":320},[64,34054,34055],{"class":329},"__delattr__",[64,34057,333],{"class":320},[64,34059,86],{"class":78},[64,34061,326],{"class":320},[64,34063,34064],{"class":329},"__dir__",[64,34066,333],{"class":320},[64,34068,86],{"class":78},[64,34070,326],{"class":320},[64,34072,34073],{"class":329},"__doc__",[64,34075,333],{"class":320},[64,34077,86],{"class":78},[64,34079,34081],{"class":34080},"s_hVV"," ...",[64,34083,86],{"class":78},[64,34085,326],{"class":320},[64,34087,8244],{"class":329},[64,34089,333],{"class":320},[64,34091,86],{"class":78},[64,34093,326],{"class":320},[64,34095,34096],{"class":329},"split",[64,34098,333],{"class":320},[64,34100,86],{"class":78},[64,34102,326],{"class":320},[64,34104,34105],{"class":329},"upper",[64,34107,333],{"class":320},[64,34109,97],{"class":78},[20,34111,34112],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[50,34114,152,34116,155],{"id":34115},"what-dir-does",[15,34117,33938],{},[20,34119,34120,34122],{},[15,34121,33938],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34124,34125],{},"It usually includes:",[30,34127,34128,34131,34134],{},[33,34129,34130],{},"attributes",[33,34132,34133],{},"methods",[33,34135,34136],{},"special Python names",[20,34138,11069],{},[30,34140,34141,34147,34150],{},[33,34142,34143,34144],{},"The result is a ",[221,34145,34146],{},"list of strings",[33,34148,34149],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[33,34151,34152],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34154,34155,34156,34158],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34157,33938],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[50,34160,1988],{"id":1987},[20,34162,34163,34165],{},[15,34164,33938],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[428,34167,34169,34171],{"id":34168},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34170,33938],{}," with no argument",[20,34173,34174],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[55,34176,34178],{"className":57,"code":34177,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34179,34180,34188,34200,34204],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,34181,34182,34184,34186],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,34183,748],{"class":70},[64,34185,75],{"class":74},[64,34187,2417],{"class":82},[64,34189,34190,34192,34194,34196,34198],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,34191,7477],{"class":70},[64,34193,75],{"class":74},[64,34195,3184],{"class":320},[64,34197,7276],{"class":329},[64,34199,3190],{"class":320},[64,34201,34202],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,34203,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,34205,34206,34208,34210,34212],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,34207,125],{"class":108},[64,34209,112],{"class":78},[64,34211,33999],{"class":108},[64,34213,6792],{"class":78},[20,34215,34216,34217,896,34219,34221],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34218,363],{},[15,34220,7267],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[428,34223,34225],{"id":34224},"dirobject",[15,34226,34010],{},[20,34228,34229],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[55,34231,34233],{"className":57,"code":34232,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34234,34235,34253],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,34236,34237,34239,34241,34243,34245,34247,34249,34251],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,34238,125],{"class":108},[64,34240,112],{"class":78},[64,34242,33999],{"class":108},[64,34244,112],{"class":78},[64,34246,2686],{"class":320},[64,34248,330],{"class":329},[64,34250,2686],{"class":320},[64,34252,471],{"class":78},[64,34254,34255,34257,34259,34261,34263,34265,34267,34269,34271,34273],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,34256,125],{"class":108},[64,34258,112],{"class":78},[64,34260,33999],{"class":108},[64,34262,354],{"class":78},[64,34264,83],{"class":82},[64,34266,86],{"class":78},[64,34268,89],{"class":82},[64,34270,86],{"class":78},[64,34272,94],{"class":82},[64,34274,1081],{"class":78},[20,34276,34277],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[30,34279,34280,34282,34284,34287],{},[33,34281,4901],{},[33,34283,4892],{},[33,34285,34286],{},"modules",[33,34288,34289],{},"custom objects",[50,34291,8020,34293,34295],{"id":34292},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34294,33938],{}," with a value",[20,34297,34298,34299,34301],{},"A common use of ",[15,34300,33938],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[428,34303,34305],{"id":34304},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[55,34307,34309],{"className":57,"code":34308,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34310,34311,34324],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,34312,34313,34316,34318,34320,34322],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,34314,34315],{"class":70},"text ",[64,34317,75],{"class":74},[64,34319,3184],{"class":320},[64,34321,330],{"class":329},[64,34323,3190],{"class":320},[64,34325,34326,34328,34330,34332,34334,34337],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,34327,125],{"class":108},[64,34329,112],{"class":78},[64,34331,33999],{"class":108},[64,34333,112],{"class":78},[64,34335,34336],{"class":115},"text",[64,34338,471],{"class":78},[20,34340,34341],{},"You will see method names like:",[30,34343,34344,34348,34352,34356],{},[33,34345,34346],{},[15,34347,8244],{},[33,34349,34350],{},[15,34351,34105],{},[33,34353,34354],{},[15,34355,34096],{},[33,34357,34358],{},[15,34359,8238],{},[20,34361,34362],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[428,34364,34366],{"id":34365},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[55,34368,34370],{"className":57,"code":34369,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34371,34372,34392],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,34373,34374,34376,34378,34380,34382,34384,34386,34388,34390],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,34375,71],{"class":70},[64,34377,75],{"class":74},[64,34379,79],{"class":78},[64,34381,83],{"class":82},[64,34383,86],{"class":78},[64,34385,89],{"class":82},[64,34387,86],{"class":78},[64,34389,94],{"class":82},[64,34391,97],{"class":78},[64,34393,34394,34396,34398,34400,34402,34404],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,34395,125],{"class":108},[64,34397,112],{"class":78},[64,34399,33999],{"class":108},[64,34401,112],{"class":78},[64,34403,116],{"class":115},[64,34405,471],{"class":78},[20,34407,34341],{},[30,34409,34410,34414,34418,34423],{},[33,34411,34412],{},[15,34413,13168],{},[33,34415,34416],{},[15,34417,25864],{},[33,34419,34420],{},[15,34421,34422],{},"remove",[33,34424,34425],{},[15,34426,34427],{},"sort",[20,34429,34430],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34432,34433,34434,34439,34440,34442],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[285,34435,34437],{"href":34436},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34438,2131],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34441,33938],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[50,34444,8020,34446,34171],{"id":34445},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34447,33938],{},[20,34449,34450,34451,34453],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34452,33938],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34455,34456],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[55,34458,34460],{"className":57,"code":34459,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34461,34462,34471,34475,34486,34498,34502],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,34463,34464,34466,34468],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,34465,748],{"class":70},[64,34467,75],{"class":74},[64,34469,34470],{"class":82}," 5\n",[64,34472,34473],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,34474,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,34476,34477,34480,34484],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,34478,34479],{"class":1895},"def",[64,34481,34483],{"class":34482},"sGLFI"," greet",[64,34485,21216],{"class":78},[64,34487,34488,34491,34493,34496],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,34489,34490],{"class":368},"    return",[64,34492,3184],{"class":320},[64,34494,34495],{"class":329},"Hello",[64,34497,3190],{"class":320},[64,34499,34500],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,34501,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,34503,34504,34506,34508,34510],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,34505,125],{"class":108},[64,34507,112],{"class":78},[64,34509,33999],{"class":108},[64,34511,6792],{"class":78},[20,34513,34514],{},"The output will include names like:",[30,34516,34517,34521],{},[33,34518,34519],{},[15,34520,363],{},[33,34522,34523],{},[15,34524,34525],{},"greet",[20,34527,34528],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[30,34530,34531,34534,34537],{},[33,34532,34533],{},"what variables exist",[33,34535,34536],{},"what functions you have defined",[33,34538,34539],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34541,34542],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[50,34544,34546],{"id":34545},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34548,34549,34550,34552],{},"When you first use ",[15,34551,33938],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34554,916],{},[55,34556,34557],{"className":57,"code":34308,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,34558,34559,34571],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,34560,34561,34563,34565,34567,34569],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,34562,34315],{"class":70},[64,34564,75],{"class":74},[64,34566,3184],{"class":320},[64,34568,330],{"class":329},[64,34570,3190],{"class":320},[64,34572,34573,34575,34577,34579,34581,34583],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,34574,125],{"class":108},[64,34576,112],{"class":78},[64,34578,33999],{"class":108},[64,34580,112],{"class":78},[64,34582,34336],{"class":115},[64,34584,471],{"class":78},[20,34586,34587],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[30,34589,34590,34594,34598],{},[33,34591,34592],{},[15,34593,34037],{},[33,34595,34596],{},[15,34597,34073],{},[33,34599,34600],{},[15,34601,34602],{},"__len__",[20,34604,34605],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34607,34608],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[30,34610,34611,34615,34619,34623],{},[33,34612,34613],{},[15,34614,34105],{},[33,34616,34617],{},[15,34618,8244],{},[33,34620,34621],{},[15,34622,34096],{},[33,34624,34625],{},[15,34626,34627],{},"replace",[20,34629,34630],{},"A key point to remember:",[30,34632,34633,34641],{},[33,34634,34635,34637,34638],{},[15,34636,33938],{}," lists ",[221,34639,34640],{},"names only",[33,34642,34643,34644,34646],{},"it does ",[221,34645,1138],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34648,34649,34650,148],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[285,34651,34653],{"href":34652},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34654,34655],{},"help()",[20,34657,5065],{},[55,34659,34661],{"className":57,"code":34660,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34662,34663,34675],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,34664,34665,34667,34669,34671,34673],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,34666,7477],{"class":70},[64,34668,75],{"class":74},[64,34670,3184],{"class":320},[64,34672,330],{"class":329},[64,34674,3190],{"class":320},[64,34676,34677,34679,34681,34683,34685,34687],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,34678,31778],{"class":108},[64,34680,112],{"class":78},[64,34682,7267],{"class":115},[64,34684,148],{"class":78},[64,34686,34105],{"class":24372},[64,34688,119],{"class":78},[50,34690,34692,34694],{"id":34691},"dir-on-modules",[15,34693,33938],{}," on modules",[20,34696,15331,34697,34699],{},[15,34698,33938],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,34701,34702],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[428,34704,34706,34707,34709],{"id":34705},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,34708,18036],{}," module",[55,34711,34713],{"className":57,"code":34712,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,34714,34715,34723,34727],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,34716,34717,34720],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,34718,34719],{"class":368},"import",[64,34721,34722],{"class":70}," math\n",[64,34724,34725],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,34726,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,34728,34729,34731,34733,34735,34737,34739],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,34730,125],{"class":108},[64,34732,112],{"class":78},[64,34734,33999],{"class":108},[64,34736,112],{"class":78},[64,34738,18036],{"class":115},[64,34740,471],{"class":78},[20,34742,34743],{},"You may see names like:",[30,34745,34746,34751,34756,34761],{},[33,34747,34748],{},[15,34749,34750],{},"sqrt",[33,34752,34753],{},[15,34754,34755],{},"ceil",[33,34757,34758],{},[15,34759,34760],{},"floor",[33,34762,34763],{},[15,34764,34765],{},"pi",[20,34767,34768],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,34770,34771],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[30,34773,34774,34780],{},[33,34775,34776],{},[285,34777,34779],{"href":34778},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[33,34781,34782],{},[285,34783,34785],{"href":34784},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[428,34787,34789],{"id":34788},"another-example","Another example",[55,34791,34793],{"className":57,"code":34792,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,34794,34795,34802,34806],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,34796,34797,34799],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,34798,34719],{"class":368},[64,34800,34801],{"class":70}," json\n",[64,34803,34804],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,34805,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,34807,34808,34810,34812,34814,34816,34819],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,34809,125],{"class":108},[64,34811,112],{"class":78},[64,34813,33999],{"class":108},[64,34815,112],{"class":78},[64,34817,34818],{"class":115},"json",[64,34820,471],{"class":78},[20,34822,34823,34824,2020,34827,2020,34830,16690,34833,148],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,34825,34826],{},"dump",[15,34828,34829],{},"dumps",[15,34831,34832],{},"load",[15,34834,34835],{},"loads",[50,34837,34839,10193,34841],{"id":34838},"dir-vs-help",[15,34840,33938],{},[15,34842,34655],{},[20,34844,34845,896,34847,34849],{},[15,34846,33938],{},[15,34848,34655],{}," are often used together.",[428,34851,34852],{"id":33999},[15,34853,33938],{},[30,34855,34856,34859],{},[33,34857,34858],{},"shows available names",[33,34860,34861],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[428,34863,34864],{"id":31778},[15,34865,34655],{},[30,34867,34868,34871],{},[33,34869,34870],{},"explains what an object or function does",[33,34872,34873],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,34875,34876],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[55,34878,34880],{"className":57,"code":34879,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34881,34882,34894,34898,34912],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,34883,34884,34886,34888,34890,34892],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,34885,7477],{"class":70},[64,34887,75],{"class":74},[64,34889,3184],{"class":320},[64,34891,330],{"class":329},[64,34893,3190],{"class":320},[64,34895,34896],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,34897,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,34899,34900,34902,34904,34906,34908,34910],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,34901,125],{"class":108},[64,34903,112],{"class":78},[64,34905,33999],{"class":108},[64,34907,112],{"class":78},[64,34909,7267],{"class":115},[64,34911,471],{"class":78},[64,34913,34914,34916,34918,34920,34922,34924],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,34915,31778],{"class":108},[64,34917,112],{"class":78},[64,34919,7267],{"class":115},[64,34921,148],{"class":78},[64,34923,34105],{"class":24372},[64,34925,119],{"class":78},[20,34927,1923,34928,34930,34931,34933,34934,34936],{},[15,34929,33938],{}," first to find a method name.",[9453,34932],{},"\nThen use ",[15,34935,34655],{}," to understand how to use it.",[50,34938,24980],{"id":24979},[20,34940,34941],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[428,34943,34945,34947],{"id":34944},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,34946,33938],{}," returns names, not values",[20,34949,34950,34952],{},[15,34951,33938],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,34954,34955,34956,34958,34959,34962],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,34957,34105],{}," in ",[15,34960,34961],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[428,34964,34966],{"id":34965},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,34968,34969],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,34971,34972],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[428,34974,34976],{"id":34975},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,34978,34979],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,34981,5065],{},[30,34983,34984,34989,34995],{},[33,34985,34986,34988],{},[15,34987,34961],{}," shows string-related names",[33,34990,34991,34994],{},[15,34992,34993],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[33,34996,34997,35000,35001,34709],{},[15,34998,34999],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35002,18036],{},[428,35004,35006],{"id":35005},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35008,35009,35010,35012],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35011,33938],{}," does not mean you already know:",[30,35014,35015,35018,35021],{},[33,35016,35017],{},"what it does",[33,35019,35020],{},"what arguments it needs",[33,35022,35023],{},"what it returns",[20,35025,35026,35027,35029],{},"That is why ",[15,35028,34655],{}," is the natural next step.",[50,35031,2661],{"id":2660},[20,35033,35034,35035,35037],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35036,33938],{}," in these situations:",[30,35039,35040,35043,35052,35055],{},[33,35041,35042],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[33,35044,35045,35046,35051],{},"Seeing an ",[285,35047,35049],{"href":35048},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35050,25294],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[33,35053,35054],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[33,35056,8020,35057,35059,35060],{},[15,35058,33938],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35061,34655],{},[20,35063,35064],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[55,35066,35068],{"className":57,"code":35067,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35069,35070,35082,35086,35100,35114],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,35071,35072,35074,35076,35078,35080],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,35073,7477],{"class":70},[64,35075,75],{"class":74},[64,35077,3184],{"class":320},[64,35079,330],{"class":329},[64,35081,3190],{"class":320},[64,35083,35084],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,35085,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,35087,35088,35090,35092,35094,35096,35098],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,35089,125],{"class":108},[64,35091,112],{"class":78},[64,35093,3052],{"class":357},[64,35095,112],{"class":78},[64,35097,7267],{"class":115},[64,35099,471],{"class":78},[64,35101,35102,35104,35106,35108,35110,35112],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,35103,125],{"class":108},[64,35105,112],{"class":78},[64,35107,33999],{"class":108},[64,35109,112],{"class":78},[64,35111,7267],{"class":115},[64,35113,471],{"class":78},[64,35115,35116,35118,35120,35122,35124,35126],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,35117,31778],{"class":108},[64,35119,112],{"class":78},[64,35121,7267],{"class":115},[64,35123,148],{"class":78},[64,35125,34105],{"class":24372},[64,35127,119],{"class":78},[20,35129,35130],{},"And for modules:",[55,35132,35133],{"className":57,"code":34712,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,35134,35135,35141,35145],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,35136,35137,35139],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,35138,34719],{"class":368},[64,35140,34722],{"class":70},[64,35142,35143],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,35144,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,35146,35147,35149,35151,35153,35155,35157],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,35148,125],{"class":108},[64,35150,112],{"class":78},[64,35152,33999],{"class":108},[64,35154,112],{"class":78},[64,35156,18036],{"class":115},[64,35158,471],{"class":78},[20,35160,35161],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[55,35163,35165],{"className":57,"code":35164,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35166,35167,35172,35184,35194,35208,35214],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,35168,35169],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,35170,35171],{"class":70},"python\n",[64,35173,35174,35176,35178,35180,35182],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,35175,7477],{"class":70},[64,35177,75],{"class":74},[64,35179,3184],{"class":320},[64,35181,330],{"class":329},[64,35183,3190],{"class":320},[64,35185,35186,35188,35190,35192],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,35187,33999],{"class":108},[64,35189,112],{"class":78},[64,35191,7267],{"class":115},[64,35193,119],{"class":78},[64,35195,35196,35198,35200,35202,35204,35206],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,35197,31778],{"class":108},[64,35199,112],{"class":78},[64,35201,7267],{"class":115},[64,35203,148],{"class":78},[64,35205,34105],{"class":24372},[64,35207,119],{"class":78},[64,35209,35210,35212],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,35211,34719],{"class":368},[64,35213,34722],{"class":70},[64,35215,35216,35218,35220,35222],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,35217,33999],{"class":108},[64,35219,112],{"class":78},[64,35221,18036],{"class":115},[64,35223,119],{"class":78},[50,35225,1651],{"id":1650},[428,35227,1655,35229,1658],{"id":35228},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35230,33938],{},[20,35232,35233],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[428,35235,1694,35237,896,35239,1677],{"id":35236},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35238,33938],{},[15,35240,34655],{},[20,35242,35243,35245,35246,35248],{},[15,35244,33938],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35247,34655],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[428,35250,35252,35253,35255],{"id":35251},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35254,33938],{}," output?",[20,35257,35258],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[428,35260,1684,35262,35264,35265,1677],{"id":35261},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35263,33938],{}," help fix ",[15,35266,25294],{},[20,35268,35269,35270,148],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[285,35271,35272],{"href":35048},"object has no attribute",[50,35274,1717],{"id":1716},[30,35276,35277,35283,35288,35292,35296],{},[33,35278,35279],{},[285,35280,13,35281,1713],{"href":34652},[15,35282,34655],{},[33,35284,35285],{},[285,35286,35287],{"href":35048},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[33,35289,35290],{},[285,35291,34779],{"href":34778},[33,35293,35294],{},[285,35295,34785],{"href":34784},[33,35297,35298],{},[285,35299,13,35300,1713],{"href":34436},[15,35301,2131],{},[20,35303,35304,35305,35307,35308,35310],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35306,33938],{}," together with ",[15,35309,34655],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1751,35312,35313],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":35315},[35316,35317,35319,35324,35329,35331,35332,35338,35343,35350,35351,35361],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":34115,"depth":100,"text":35318},"What dir() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988,"children":35320},[35321,35323],{"id":34168,"depth":122,"text":35322},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34224,"depth":122,"text":34010},{"id":34292,"depth":100,"text":35325,"children":35326},"Using dir() with a value",[35327,35328],{"id":34304,"depth":122,"text":34305},{"id":34365,"depth":122,"text":34366},{"id":34445,"depth":100,"text":35330},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34545,"depth":100,"text":34546},{"id":34691,"depth":100,"text":35333,"children":35334},"dir() on modules",[35335,35337],{"id":34705,"depth":122,"text":35336},"Example: math module",{"id":34788,"depth":122,"text":34789},{"id":34838,"depth":100,"text":35339,"children":35340},"dir() vs help()",[35341,35342],{"id":33999,"depth":122,"text":33938},{"id":31778,"depth":122,"text":34655},{"id":24979,"depth":100,"text":24980,"children":35344},[35345,35347,35348,35349],{"id":34944,"depth":122,"text":35346},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":34965,"depth":122,"text":34966},{"id":34975,"depth":122,"text":34976},{"id":35005,"depth":122,"text":35006},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":35352},[35353,35355,35357,35359],{"id":35228,"depth":122,"text":35354},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35236,"depth":122,"text":35356},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35251,"depth":122,"text":35358},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35261,"depth":122,"text":35360},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":33930,"description":35362},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35369,"title":35370,"body":35371,"description":37191,"extension":1791,"meta":37192,"navigation":346,"path":37193,"seo":37194,"stem":37195,"__hash__":37196},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35372,"toc":37160},[35373,35379,35384,35387,35395,35401,35403,35483,35485,35511,35516,35521,35526,35529,35540,35543,35545,35624,35626,35652,35659,35661,35663,35688,35691,35704,35709,35711,35792,35794,35820,35829,35834,35842,35848,35855,35858,35860,35939,35942,35999,36001,36038,36044,36049,36054,36057,36071,36073,36176,36178,36221,36230,36240,36247,36253,36260,36343,36345,36368,36371,36374,36376,36380,36384,36387,36450,36473,36476,36480,36486,36488,36555,36558,36635,36640,36646,36649,36652,36698,36700,36724,36729,36733,36738,36744,36807,36810,36812,36815,36840,36843,36978,36980,37081,37083,37088,37091,37097,37107,37115,37120,37126,37132,37134,37157],[10,35374,13,35376,18],{"id":35375},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35377,35378],{},"enumerate()",[20,35380,35381,35383],{},[15,35382,35378],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35385,35386],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[30,35388,35389,35392],{},[33,35390,35391],{},"the item itself",[33,35393,35394],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35396,35397,35398,35400],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35399,35378],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[50,35402,1833],{"id":1832},[55,35404,35406],{"className":57,"code":35405,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35407,35408,35440,35444,35467],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,35409,35410,35412,35414,35416,35418,35420,35422,35424,35426,35428,35430,35432,35434,35436,35438],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,35411,12690],{"class":70},[64,35413,75],{"class":74},[64,35415,79],{"class":78},[64,35417,2686],{"class":320},[64,35419,12707],{"class":329},[64,35421,2686],{"class":320},[64,35423,86],{"class":78},[64,35425,3184],{"class":320},[64,35427,17074],{"class":329},[64,35429,2686],{"class":320},[64,35431,86],{"class":78},[64,35433,3184],{"class":320},[64,35435,12724],{"class":329},[64,35437,2686],{"class":320},[64,35439,97],{"class":78},[64,35441,35442],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,35443,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,35445,35446,35448,35451,35453,35456,35458,35461,35463,35465],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,35447,5552],{"class":368},[64,35449,35450],{"class":70}," index",[64,35452,86],{"class":78},[64,35454,35455],{"class":70}," color ",[64,35457,375],{"class":368},[64,35459,35460],{"class":108}," enumerate",[64,35462,112],{"class":78},[64,35464,17121],{"class":115},[64,35466,7944],{"class":78},[64,35468,35469,35471,35473,35476,35478,35481],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,35470,7670],{"class":108},[64,35472,112],{"class":78},[64,35474,35475],{"class":115},"index",[64,35477,86],{"class":78},[64,35479,35480],{"class":115}," color",[64,35482,119],{"class":78},[20,35484,384],{},[55,35486,35488],{"className":57,"code":35487,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35489,35490,35497,35504],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,35491,35492,35494],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,35493,243],{"class":82},[64,35495,35496],{"class":70}," red\n",[64,35498,35499,35501],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,35500,83],{"class":82},[64,35502,35503],{"class":70}," green\n",[64,35505,35506,35508],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,35507,815],{"class":82},[64,35509,35510],{"class":70}," blue\n",[20,35512,1923,35513,35515],{},[15,35514,35378],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[50,35517,152,35519,155],{"id":35518},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35520,35378],{},[20,35522,35523,35525],{},[15,35524,35378],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35527,35528],{},"It is commonly used with:",[30,35530,35531,35533,35535,35537],{},[33,35532,4892],{},[33,35534,4895],{},[33,35536,4901],{},[33,35538,35539],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35541,35542],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35544,916],{},[55,35546,35548],{"className":57,"code":35547,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35549,35550,35584,35588,35609],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,35551,35552,35554,35556,35558,35560,35562,35564,35566,35568,35571,35573,35575,35577,35580,35582],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,35553,1505],{"class":70},[64,35555,75],{"class":74},[64,35557,79],{"class":78},[64,35559,2686],{"class":320},[64,35561,12494],{"class":329},[64,35563,2686],{"class":320},[64,35565,86],{"class":78},[64,35567,3184],{"class":320},[64,35569,35570],{"class":329},"Ben",[64,35572,2686],{"class":320},[64,35574,86],{"class":78},[64,35576,3184],{"class":320},[64,35578,35579],{"class":329},"Cara",[64,35581,2686],{"class":320},[64,35583,97],{"class":78},[64,35585,35586],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,35587,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,35589,35590,35592,35594,35596,35599,35601,35603,35605,35607],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,35591,5552],{"class":368},[64,35593,35450],{"class":70},[64,35595,86],{"class":78},[64,35597,35598],{"class":70}," name ",[64,35600,375],{"class":368},[64,35602,35460],{"class":108},[64,35604,112],{"class":78},[64,35606,1549],{"class":115},[64,35608,7944],{"class":78},[64,35610,35611,35613,35615,35617,35619,35622],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,35612,7670],{"class":108},[64,35614,112],{"class":78},[64,35616,35475],{"class":115},[64,35618,86],{"class":78},[64,35620,35621],{"class":115}," name",[64,35623,119],{"class":78},[20,35625,384],{},[55,35627,35629],{"className":57,"code":35628,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35630,35631,35638,35645],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,35632,35633,35635],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,35634,243],{"class":82},[64,35636,35637],{"class":70}," Ana\n",[64,35639,35640,35642],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,35641,83],{"class":82},[64,35643,35644],{"class":70}," Ben\n",[64,35646,35647,35649],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,35648,815],{"class":82},[64,35650,35651],{"class":70}," Cara\n",[20,35653,35654,35655,148],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[285,35656,35658],{"href":35657},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[50,35660,1988],{"id":1987},[20,35662,1991],{},[55,35664,35666],{"className":57,"code":35665,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35667,35668],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,35669,35670,35673,35675,35677,35679,35682,35684,35686],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,35671,35672],{"class":108},"enumerate",[64,35674,112],{"class":78},[64,35676,197],{"class":115},[64,35678,86],{"class":78},[64,35680,35681],{"class":8781}," start",[64,35683,75],{"class":74},[64,35685,243],{"class":82},[64,35687,119],{"class":78},[20,35689,35690],{},"It has two parts:",[30,35692,35693,35698],{},[33,35694,35695,35697],{},[15,35696,197],{},": the object you want to loop through",[33,35699,35700,35703],{},[15,35701,35702],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,35705,35706,35707,148],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,35708,243],{},[20,35710,916],{},[55,35712,35714],{"className":57,"code":35713,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,35715,35716,35749,35753,35776],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,35717,35718,35721,35723,35725,35727,35729,35731,35733,35735,35737,35739,35741,35743,35745,35747],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,35719,35720],{"class":70},"letters ",[64,35722,75],{"class":74},[64,35724,79],{"class":78},[64,35726,2686],{"class":320},[64,35728,285],{"class":329},[64,35730,2686],{"class":320},[64,35732,86],{"class":78},[64,35734,3184],{"class":320},[64,35736,1269],{"class":329},[64,35738,2686],{"class":320},[64,35740,86],{"class":78},[64,35742,3184],{"class":320},[64,35744,9346],{"class":329},[64,35746,2686],{"class":320},[64,35748,97],{"class":78},[64,35750,35751],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,35752,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,35754,35755,35757,35760,35762,35765,35767,35769,35771,35774],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,35756,5552],{"class":368},[64,35758,35759],{"class":70}," i",[64,35761,86],{"class":78},[64,35763,35764],{"class":70}," letter ",[64,35766,375],{"class":368},[64,35768,35460],{"class":108},[64,35770,112],{"class":78},[64,35772,35773],{"class":115},"letters",[64,35775,7944],{"class":78},[64,35777,35778,35780,35782,35785,35787,35790],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,35779,7670],{"class":108},[64,35781,112],{"class":78},[64,35783,35784],{"class":115},"i",[64,35786,86],{"class":78},[64,35788,35789],{"class":115}," letter",[64,35791,119],{"class":78},[20,35793,384],{},[55,35795,35797],{"className":57,"code":35796,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,35798,35799,35806,35813],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,35800,35801,35803],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,35802,243],{"class":82},[64,35804,35805],{"class":70}," a\n",[64,35807,35808,35810],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,35809,83],{"class":82},[64,35811,35812],{"class":70}," b\n",[64,35814,35815,35817],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,35816,815],{"class":82},[64,35818,35819],{"class":70}," c\n",[20,35821,35822,35823,148],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[285,35824,13,35826,1713],{"href":35825},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,35827,35828],{},"range()",[50,35830,152,35832,11317],{"id":35831},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,35833,35378],{},[20,35835,35836,35838,35839,148],{},[15,35837,35378],{}," returns an ",[221,35840,35841],{},"enumerate object",[20,35843,35844,35845,35847],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,35846,5552],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[30,35849,35850],{},[33,35851,35852],{},[15,35853,35854],{},"(index, item)",[20,35856,35857],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,35859,916],{},[55,35861,35863],{"className":57,"code":35862,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,35864,35865,35898,35902,35924],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,35866,35867,35870,35872,35874,35876,35878,35880,35882,35884,35886,35888,35890,35892,35894,35896],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,35868,35869],{"class":70},"fruits ",[64,35871,75],{"class":74},[64,35873,79],{"class":78},[64,35875,2686],{"class":320},[64,35877,576],{"class":329},[64,35879,2686],{"class":320},[64,35881,86],{"class":78},[64,35883,3184],{"class":320},[64,35885,585],{"class":329},[64,35887,2686],{"class":320},[64,35889,86],{"class":78},[64,35891,3184],{"class":320},[64,35893,32847],{"class":329},[64,35895,2686],{"class":320},[64,35897,97],{"class":78},[64,35899,35900],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,35901,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,35903,35904,35906,35908,35910,35913,35915,35917,35919,35922],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,35905,5552],{"class":368},[64,35907,35450],{"class":70},[64,35909,86],{"class":78},[64,35911,35912],{"class":70}," fruit ",[64,35914,375],{"class":368},[64,35916,35460],{"class":108},[64,35918,112],{"class":78},[64,35920,35921],{"class":115},"fruits",[64,35923,7944],{"class":78},[64,35925,35926,35928,35930,35932,35934,35937],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,35927,7670],{"class":108},[64,35929,112],{"class":78},[64,35931,35475],{"class":115},[64,35933,86],{"class":78},[64,35935,35936],{"class":115}," fruit",[64,35938,119],{"class":78},[20,35940,35941],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[55,35943,35945],{"className":57,"code":35944,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,35946,35947,35967,35971,35989],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,35948,35949,35951,35953,35955,35957,35959,35961,35963,35965],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,35950,71],{"class":70},[64,35952,75],{"class":74},[64,35954,79],{"class":78},[64,35956,2160],{"class":82},[64,35958,86],{"class":78},[64,35960,7390],{"class":82},[64,35962,86],{"class":78},[64,35964,7395],{"class":82},[64,35966,97],{"class":78},[64,35968,35969],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,35970,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,35972,35973,35975,35977,35979,35981,35983,35985,35987],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,35974,103],{"class":70},[64,35976,75],{"class":74},[64,35978,22181],{"class":357},[64,35980,112],{"class":78},[64,35982,35672],{"class":108},[64,35984,112],{"class":78},[64,35986,116],{"class":115},[64,35988,471],{"class":78},[64,35990,35991,35993,35995,35997],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,35992,125],{"class":108},[64,35994,112],{"class":78},[64,35996,130],{"class":115},[64,35998,119],{"class":78},[20,36000,384],{},[55,36002,36004],{"className":57,"code":36003,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36005,36006],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,36007,36008,36010,36012,36014,36016,36018,36020,36022,36024,36026,36028,36030,36032,36034,36036],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,36009,21361],{"class":78},[64,36011,243],{"class":82},[64,36013,86],{"class":78},[64,36015,5599],{"class":82},[64,36017,8839],{"class":78},[64,36019,8842],{"class":78},[64,36021,83],{"class":82},[64,36023,86],{"class":78},[64,36025,7390],{"class":82},[64,36027,8839],{"class":78},[64,36029,8842],{"class":78},[64,36031,815],{"class":82},[64,36033,86],{"class":78},[64,36035,7395],{"class":82},[64,36037,8855],{"class":78},[20,36039,36040,36041,36043],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36042,35378],{}," produces.",[50,36045,1471,36047],{"id":36046},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36048,35378],{},[20,36050,1923,36051,36053],{},[15,36052,35378],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36055,36056],{},"Common cases:",[30,36058,36059,36062,36065,36068],{},[33,36060,36061],{},"printing numbered output",[33,36063,36064],{},"building menus",[33,36066,36067],{},"showing positions in a list",[33,36069,36070],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36072,916],{},[55,36074,36076],{"className":57,"code":36075,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36077,36078,36113,36117,36147],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,36079,36080,36082,36084,36086,36088,36091,36093,36095,36097,36100,36102,36104,36106,36109,36111],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,36081,29522],{"class":70},[64,36083,75],{"class":74},[64,36085,79],{"class":78},[64,36087,2686],{"class":320},[64,36089,36090],{"class":329},"Wash dishes",[64,36092,2686],{"class":320},[64,36094,86],{"class":78},[64,36096,3184],{"class":320},[64,36098,36099],{"class":329},"Study Python",[64,36101,2686],{"class":320},[64,36103,86],{"class":78},[64,36105,3184],{"class":320},[64,36107,36108],{"class":329},"Go for a walk",[64,36110,2686],{"class":320},[64,36112,97],{"class":78},[64,36114,36115],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,36116,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,36118,36119,36121,36123,36125,36128,36130,36132,36134,36137,36139,36141,36143,36145],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,36120,5552],{"class":368},[64,36122,2028],{"class":70},[64,36124,86],{"class":78},[64,36126,36127],{"class":70}," task ",[64,36129,375],{"class":368},[64,36131,35460],{"class":108},[64,36133,112],{"class":78},[64,36135,36136],{"class":115},"tasks",[64,36138,86],{"class":78},[64,36140,35681],{"class":8781},[64,36142,75],{"class":74},[64,36144,83],{"class":82},[64,36146,7944],{"class":78},[64,36148,36149,36151,36153,36155,36157,36159,36161,36163,36165,36167,36170,36172,36174],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,36150,7670],{"class":108},[64,36152,112],{"class":78},[64,36154,21915],{"class":1895},[64,36156,2686],{"class":329},[64,36158,8884],{"class":82},[64,36160,2069],{"class":115},[64,36162,21924],{"class":82},[64,36164,27937],{"class":329},[64,36166,8884],{"class":82},[64,36168,36169],{"class":115},"task",[64,36171,21924],{"class":82},[64,36173,2686],{"class":329},[64,36175,119],{"class":78},[20,36177,384],{},[55,36179,36181],{"className":57,"code":36180,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36182,36183,36195,36207],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,36184,36185,36187,36189,36192],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,36186,83],{"class":82},[64,36188,148],{"class":78},[64,36190,36191],{"class":24372}," Wash",[64,36193,36194],{"class":70}," dishes\n",[64,36196,36197,36199,36201,36204],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,36198,815],{"class":82},[64,36200,148],{"class":78},[64,36202,36203],{"class":24372}," Study",[64,36205,36206],{"class":70}," Python\n",[64,36208,36209,36211,36213,36216,36218],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,36210,1892],{"class":82},[64,36212,148],{"class":78},[64,36214,36215],{"class":24372}," Go",[64,36217,369],{"class":368},[64,36219,36220],{"class":70}," a walk\n",[20,36222,36223,36224,36226,36227,148],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36225,35378],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36228,36229],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36231,36232,36233,148],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[285,36234,36236,36237,36239],{"href":36235},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36238,35378],{}," in Python",[50,36241,36243,36244,36246],{"id":36242},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36245,35702],{}," argument",[20,36248,36249,36250,36252],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36251,35702],{}," argument.",[20,36254,36255,36256,10701,36258,160],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36257,83],{},[15,36259,243],{},[55,36261,36263],{"className":57,"code":36262,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36264,36265,36297,36301,36329],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,36266,36267,36269,36271,36273,36275,36277,36279,36281,36283,36285,36287,36289,36291,36293,36295],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,36268,12690],{"class":70},[64,36270,75],{"class":74},[64,36272,79],{"class":78},[64,36274,2686],{"class":320},[64,36276,12707],{"class":329},[64,36278,2686],{"class":320},[64,36280,86],{"class":78},[64,36282,3184],{"class":320},[64,36284,17074],{"class":329},[64,36286,2686],{"class":320},[64,36288,86],{"class":78},[64,36290,3184],{"class":320},[64,36292,12724],{"class":329},[64,36294,2686],{"class":320},[64,36296,97],{"class":78},[64,36298,36299],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,36300,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,36302,36303,36305,36307,36309,36311,36313,36315,36317,36319,36321,36323,36325,36327],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,36304,5552],{"class":368},[64,36306,35450],{"class":70},[64,36308,86],{"class":78},[64,36310,35455],{"class":70},[64,36312,375],{"class":368},[64,36314,35460],{"class":108},[64,36316,112],{"class":78},[64,36318,17121],{"class":115},[64,36320,86],{"class":78},[64,36322,35681],{"class":8781},[64,36324,75],{"class":74},[64,36326,83],{"class":82},[64,36328,7944],{"class":78},[64,36330,36331,36333,36335,36337,36339,36341],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,36332,7670],{"class":108},[64,36334,112],{"class":78},[64,36336,35475],{"class":115},[64,36338,86],{"class":78},[64,36340,35480],{"class":115},[64,36342,119],{"class":78},[20,36344,384],{},[55,36346,36348],{"className":57,"code":36347,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36349,36350,36356,36362],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,36351,36352,36354],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,36353,83],{"class":82},[64,36355,35496],{"class":70},[64,36357,36358,36360],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,36359,815],{"class":82},[64,36361,35503],{"class":70},[64,36363,36364,36366],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,36365,1892],{"class":82},[64,36367,35510],{"class":70},[20,36369,36370],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36372,36373],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[50,36375,24980],{"id":24979},[20,36377,24983,36378,148],{},[15,36379,35378],{},[428,36381,36383],{"id":36382},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36385,36386],{},"In this loop:",[55,36388,36390],{"className":57,"code":36389,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36391,36392,36412,36416,36436],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,36393,36394,36396,36398,36400,36402,36404,36406,36408,36410],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,36395,71],{"class":70},[64,36397,75],{"class":74},[64,36399,79],{"class":78},[64,36401,2160],{"class":82},[64,36403,86],{"class":78},[64,36405,7390],{"class":82},[64,36407,86],{"class":78},[64,36409,7395],{"class":82},[64,36411,97],{"class":78},[64,36413,36414],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,36415,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,36417,36418,36420,36422,36424,36426,36428,36430,36432,36434],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,36419,5552],{"class":368},[64,36421,35450],{"class":70},[64,36423,86],{"class":78},[64,36425,21205],{"class":70},[64,36427,375],{"class":368},[64,36429,35460],{"class":108},[64,36431,112],{"class":78},[64,36433,116],{"class":115},[64,36435,7944],{"class":78},[64,36437,36438,36440,36442,36444,36446,36448],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,36439,7670],{"class":108},[64,36441,112],{"class":78},[64,36443,35475],{"class":115},[64,36445,86],{"class":78},[64,36447,8036],{"class":115},[64,36449,119],{"class":78},[30,36451,36452,36462],{},[33,36453,36454,1292,36456,2020,36458,2020,36460],{},[15,36455,35475],{},[15,36457,243],{},[15,36459,83],{},[15,36461,815],{},[33,36463,36464,1292,36466,2020,36468,2020,36470],{},[15,36465,2302],{},[15,36467,2160],{},[15,36469,15371],{},[15,36471,36472],{},"30",[20,36474,36475],{},"These are different things.",[428,36477,36479],{"id":36478},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36481,36482,36483,36485],{},"Each item from ",[15,36484,35378],{}," is a pair.",[20,36487,6285],{},[55,36489,36491],{"className":57,"code":36490,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36492,36493,36517,36521,36541],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,36494,36495,36497,36499,36501,36503,36505,36507,36509,36511,36513,36515],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,36496,7379],{"class":70},[64,36498,75],{"class":74},[64,36500,79],{"class":78},[64,36502,2686],{"class":320},[64,36504,363],{"class":329},[64,36506,2686],{"class":320},[64,36508,86],{"class":78},[64,36510,3184],{"class":320},[64,36512,11357],{"class":329},[64,36514,2686],{"class":320},[64,36516,97],{"class":78},[64,36518,36519],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,36520,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,36522,36523,36525,36527,36529,36531,36533,36535,36537,36539],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,36524,5552],{"class":368},[64,36526,35759],{"class":70},[64,36528,86],{"class":78},[64,36530,5555],{"class":70},[64,36532,375],{"class":368},[64,36534,35460],{"class":108},[64,36536,112],{"class":78},[64,36538,7410],{"class":115},[64,36540,7944],{"class":78},[64,36542,36543,36545,36547,36549,36551,36553],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,36544,7670],{"class":108},[64,36546,112],{"class":78},[64,36548,35784],{"class":115},[64,36550,86],{"class":78},[64,36552,29131],{"class":115},[64,36554,119],{"class":78},[20,36556,36557],{},"But this causes an error:",[55,36559,36561],{"className":57,"code":36560,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36562,36563,36587,36591,36616],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,36564,36565,36567,36569,36571,36573,36575,36577,36579,36581,36583,36585],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,36566,7379],{"class":70},[64,36568,75],{"class":74},[64,36570,79],{"class":78},[64,36572,2686],{"class":320},[64,36574,363],{"class":329},[64,36576,2686],{"class":320},[64,36578,86],{"class":78},[64,36580,3184],{"class":320},[64,36582,11357],{"class":329},[64,36584,2686],{"class":320},[64,36586,97],{"class":78},[64,36588,36589],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,36590,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,36592,36593,36595,36597,36599,36601,36603,36606,36608,36610,36612,36614],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,36594,5552],{"class":368},[64,36596,35759],{"class":70},[64,36598,86],{"class":78},[64,36600,29131],{"class":70},[64,36602,86],{"class":78},[64,36604,36605],{"class":70}," extra ",[64,36607,375],{"class":368},[64,36609,35460],{"class":108},[64,36611,112],{"class":78},[64,36613,7410],{"class":115},[64,36615,7944],{"class":78},[64,36617,36618,36620,36622,36624,36626,36628,36630,36633],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,36619,7670],{"class":108},[64,36621,112],{"class":78},[64,36623,35784],{"class":115},[64,36625,86],{"class":78},[64,36627,29131],{"class":115},[64,36629,86],{"class":78},[64,36631,36632],{"class":115}," extra",[64,36634,119],{"class":78},[20,36636,28685,36637,36639],{},[15,36638,35378],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[428,36641,36643,36645],{"id":36642},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36644,35378],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36647,36648],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36650,36651],{},"Example with a string:",[55,36653,36655],{"className":57,"code":36654,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36656,36657,36683],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,36658,36659,36661,36663,36665,36668,36670,36672,36674,36676,36679,36681],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,36660,5552],{"class":368},[64,36662,35450],{"class":70},[64,36664,86],{"class":78},[64,36666,36667],{"class":70}," char ",[64,36669,375],{"class":368},[64,36671,35460],{"class":108},[64,36673,112],{"class":78},[64,36675,2686],{"class":320},[64,36677,36678],{"class":329},"cat",[64,36680,2686],{"class":320},[64,36682,7944],{"class":78},[64,36684,36685,36687,36689,36691,36693,36696],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,36686,7670],{"class":108},[64,36688,112],{"class":78},[64,36690,35475],{"class":115},[64,36692,86],{"class":78},[64,36694,36695],{"class":115}," char",[64,36697,119],{"class":78},[20,36699,384],{},[55,36701,36703],{"className":57,"code":36702,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36704,36705,36711,36717],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,36706,36707,36709],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,36708,243],{"class":82},[64,36710,35819],{"class":70},[64,36712,36713,36715],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,36714,83],{"class":82},[64,36716,35805],{"class":70},[64,36718,36719,36721],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,36720,815],{"class":82},[64,36722,36723],{"class":70}," t\n",[20,36725,36726,36727,148],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[285,36728,1647],{"href":5180},[428,36730,36732],{"id":36731},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,36734,36735,36736,148],{},"You do not always need ",[15,36737,35378],{},[20,36739,36740,36741,36743],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,36742,5552],{}," loop:",[55,36745,36747],{"className":57,"code":36746,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,36748,36749,36781,36785,36797],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,36750,36751,36753,36755,36757,36759,36761,36763,36765,36767,36769,36771,36773,36775,36777,36779],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,36752,12690],{"class":70},[64,36754,75],{"class":74},[64,36756,79],{"class":78},[64,36758,2686],{"class":320},[64,36760,12707],{"class":329},[64,36762,2686],{"class":320},[64,36764,86],{"class":78},[64,36766,3184],{"class":320},[64,36768,17074],{"class":329},[64,36770,2686],{"class":320},[64,36772,86],{"class":78},[64,36774,3184],{"class":320},[64,36776,12724],{"class":329},[64,36778,2686],{"class":320},[64,36780,97],{"class":78},[64,36782,36783],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,36784,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,36786,36787,36789,36791,36793,36795],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,36788,5552],{"class":368},[64,36790,35455],{"class":70},[64,36792,375],{"class":368},[64,36794,12738],{"class":70},[64,36796,5989],{"class":78},[64,36798,36799,36801,36803,36805],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,36800,7670],{"class":108},[64,36802,112],{"class":78},[64,36804,32517],{"class":115},[64,36806,119],{"class":78},[20,36808,36809],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[50,36811,2661],{"id":2660},[20,36813,36814],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[30,36816,36817,36822,36828,36833],{},[33,36818,22722,36819,36821],{},[15,36820,35378],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[33,36823,36824,36825,36827],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,36826,243],{}," by default",[33,36829,8020,36830,36832],{},[15,36831,35378],{}," when only values are needed",[33,36834,36835,36836,8309,36838],{},"Confusing ",[15,36837,35378],{},[15,36839,35828],{},[20,36841,36842],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[55,36844,36846],{"className":57,"code":36845,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,36847,36848,36870,36897,36931,36964],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,36849,36850,36852,36854,36856,36858,36860,36862,36864,36866,36868],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,36851,125],{"class":108},[64,36853,112],{"class":78},[64,36855,35672],{"class":108},[64,36857,354],{"class":78},[64,36859,2160],{"class":82},[64,36861,86],{"class":78},[64,36863,7390],{"class":82},[64,36865,86],{"class":78},[64,36867,7395],{"class":82},[64,36869,1081],{"class":78},[64,36871,36872,36874,36876,36878,36880,36882,36884,36886,36888,36890,36892,36894],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,36873,125],{"class":108},[64,36875,112],{"class":78},[64,36877,7695],{"class":357},[64,36879,112],{"class":78},[64,36881,35672],{"class":108},[64,36883,354],{"class":78},[64,36885,2160],{"class":82},[64,36887,86],{"class":78},[64,36889,7390],{"class":82},[64,36891,86],{"class":78},[64,36893,7395],{"class":82},[64,36895,36896],{"class":78},"])))\n",[64,36898,36899,36901,36903,36905,36907,36909,36911,36913,36915,36917,36919,36921,36923,36925,36927,36929],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,36900,125],{"class":108},[64,36902,112],{"class":78},[64,36904,7695],{"class":357},[64,36906,112],{"class":78},[64,36908,35672],{"class":108},[64,36910,354],{"class":78},[64,36912,2160],{"class":82},[64,36914,86],{"class":78},[64,36916,7390],{"class":82},[64,36918,86],{"class":78},[64,36920,7395],{"class":82},[64,36922,17681],{"class":78},[64,36924,35681],{"class":8781},[64,36926,75],{"class":74},[64,36928,83],{"class":82},[64,36930,2744],{"class":78},[64,36932,36933,36935,36937,36939,36941,36943,36945,36947,36949,36951,36953,36955,36957,36959,36961],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,36934,5552],{"class":368},[64,36936,35759],{"class":70},[64,36938,86],{"class":78},[64,36940,21205],{"class":70},[64,36942,375],{"class":368},[64,36944,35460],{"class":108},[64,36946,354],{"class":78},[64,36948,333],{"class":320},[64,36950,285],{"class":329},[64,36952,333],{"class":320},[64,36954,86],{"class":78},[64,36956,326],{"class":320},[64,36958,1269],{"class":329},[64,36960,333],{"class":320},[64,36962,36963],{"class":78},"]):\n",[64,36965,36966,36968,36970,36972,36974,36976],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,36967,7670],{"class":108},[64,36969,112],{"class":78},[64,36971,35784],{"class":115},[64,36973,86],{"class":78},[64,36975,8036],{"class":115},[64,36977,119],{"class":78},[20,36979,16576],{},[55,36981,36983],{"className":57,"code":36982,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,36984,36985,37005,37037,37069,37075],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,36986,36987,36989,36991,36993,36996,37000,37003],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,36988,3121],{"class":74},[64,36990,35672],{"class":108},[64,36992,24239],{"class":357},[64,36994,36995],{"class":70}," at ",[64,36997,36999],{"class":36998},"srjyR","0x",[64,37001,37002],{"class":34080},"...",[64,37004,3133],{"class":74},[64,37006,37007,37009,37011,37013,37015,37017,37019,37021,37023,37025,37027,37029,37031,37033,37035],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,37008,21361],{"class":78},[64,37010,243],{"class":82},[64,37012,86],{"class":78},[64,37014,5599],{"class":82},[64,37016,8839],{"class":78},[64,37018,8842],{"class":78},[64,37020,83],{"class":82},[64,37022,86],{"class":78},[64,37024,7390],{"class":82},[64,37026,8839],{"class":78},[64,37028,8842],{"class":78},[64,37030,815],{"class":82},[64,37032,86],{"class":78},[64,37034,7395],{"class":82},[64,37036,8855],{"class":78},[64,37038,37039,37041,37043,37045,37047,37049,37051,37053,37055,37057,37059,37061,37063,37065,37067],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,37040,21361],{"class":78},[64,37042,83],{"class":82},[64,37044,86],{"class":78},[64,37046,5599],{"class":82},[64,37048,8839],{"class":78},[64,37050,8842],{"class":78},[64,37052,815],{"class":82},[64,37054,86],{"class":78},[64,37056,7390],{"class":82},[64,37058,8839],{"class":78},[64,37060,8842],{"class":78},[64,37062,1892],{"class":82},[64,37064,86],{"class":78},[64,37066,7395],{"class":82},[64,37068,8855],{"class":78},[64,37070,37071,37073],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,37072,243],{"class":82},[64,37074,35805],{"class":70},[64,37076,37077,37079],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,37078,83],{"class":82},[64,37080,35812],{"class":70},[50,37082,1651],{"id":1650},[428,37084,1655,37086,1658],{"id":37085},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37087,35378],{},[20,37089,37090],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[428,37092,12317,37094,37096],{"id":37093},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37095,35378],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37098,37099,37100,37102,37103,37106],{},"It starts at ",[15,37101,243],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37104,37105],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[428,37108,21041,37110,10701,37112,1677],{"id":37109},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37111,35378],{},[15,37113,37114],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37116,36223,37117,37119],{},[15,37118,35378],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[428,37121,1684,37123,37125],{"id":37122},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37124,35378],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37127,37128,37129,37131],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37130,35378],{}," can return each character with its index.",[50,37133,1717],{"id":1716},[30,37135,37136,37140,37146,37153],{},[33,37137,37138],{},[285,37139,35658],{"href":35657},[33,37141,37142],{},[285,37143,13,37144,1713],{"href":35825},[15,37145,35828],{},[33,37147,37148],{},[285,37149,37150,37151,36239],{"href":36235},"How to use ",[15,37152,35378],{},[33,37154,37155],{},[285,37156,1734],{"href":5180},[1751,37158,37159],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":37161},[37162,37163,37165,37166,37168,37170,37172,37179,37180,37190],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":35518,"depth":100,"text":37164},"What enumerate() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":35831,"depth":100,"text":37167},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36046,"depth":100,"text":37169},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36242,"depth":100,"text":37171},"Using the start argument",{"id":24979,"depth":100,"text":24980,"children":37173},[37174,37175,37176,37178],{"id":36382,"depth":122,"text":36383},{"id":36478,"depth":122,"text":36479},{"id":36642,"depth":122,"text":37177},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36731,"depth":122,"text":36732},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":37181},[37182,37184,37186,37188],{"id":37085,"depth":122,"text":37183},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37093,"depth":122,"text":37185},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37109,"depth":122,"text":37187},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37122,"depth":122,"text":37189},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35370,"description":37191},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37198,"title":37199,"body":37200,"description":39716,"extension":1791,"meta":39717,"navigation":346,"path":39718,"seo":39719,"stem":39720,"__hash__":39721},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37201,"toc":39673},[37202,37208,37213,37216,37224,37238,37240,37331,37339,37344,37349,37351,37367,37369,37448,37450,37467,37473,37477,37479,37500,37504,37507,37519,37523,37526,37529,37546,37549,37625,37627,37644,37649,37653,37661,37664,37679,37681,37770,37772,37817,37820,37824,37827,37906,37908,37930,37933,37940,37945,37948,38051,38053,38078,38081,38088,38094,38099,38102,38113,38219,38221,38242,38250,38257,38263,38282,38287,38290,38309,38311,38396,38398,38427,38430,38435,38440,38443,38454,38456,38545,38547,38567,38573,38679,38681,38701,38704,38788,38790,38810,38817,38819,38823,38829,38832,38889,38892,38895,38956,38965,38968,38971,38999,39002,39062,39064,39081,39085,39088,39166,39168,39188,39191,39266,39270,39273,39275,39284,39289,39291,39342,39350,39362,39367,39428,39430,39447,39451,39514,39516,39541,39549,39551,39557,39563,39570,39578,39584,39587,39594,39604,39610,39616,39619,39636,39642,39644,39670],[10,37203,13,37205,18],{"id":37204},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37206,37207],{},"filter()",[20,37209,37210,37212],{},[15,37211,37207],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37214,37215],{},"It takes:",[30,37217,37218,37221],{},[33,37219,37220],{},"a function that checks each item",[33,37222,37223],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37225,37226,37227,37230,37231,37234,37235,37237],{},"The result is ",[221,37228,37229],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37232,37233],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37236,24403],{}," to see the values.",[50,37239,1833],{"id":1832},[55,37241,37243],{"className":57,"code":37242,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37244,37245,37278,37314],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,37246,37247,37249,37251,37253,37255,37257,37259,37261,37263,37265,37267,37269,37271,37273,37276],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,37248,71],{"class":70},[64,37250,75],{"class":74},[64,37252,79],{"class":78},[64,37254,83],{"class":82},[64,37256,86],{"class":78},[64,37258,89],{"class":82},[64,37260,86],{"class":78},[64,37262,94],{"class":82},[64,37264,86],{"class":78},[64,37266,2286],{"class":82},[64,37268,86],{"class":78},[64,37270,1112],{"class":82},[64,37272,86],{"class":78},[64,37274,37275],{"class":82}," 6",[64,37277,97],{"class":78},[64,37279,37280,37282,37284,37287,37289,37292,37296,37298,37300,37302,37304,37306,37308,37310,37312],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,37281,103],{"class":70},[64,37283,75],{"class":74},[64,37285,37286],{"class":108}," filter",[64,37288,112],{"class":78},[64,37290,37291],{"class":1895},"lambda",[64,37293,37295],{"class":37294},"sFwrP"," x",[64,37297,160],{"class":78},[64,37299,372],{"class":115},[64,37301,5999],{"class":74},[64,37303,89],{"class":82},[64,37305,6004],{"class":74},[64,37307,315],{"class":82},[64,37309,86],{"class":78},[64,37311,762],{"class":115},[64,37313,119],{"class":78},[64,37315,37316,37318,37320,37322,37324,37326,37328],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,37317,125],{"class":108},[64,37319,112],{"class":78},[64,37321,7695],{"class":357},[64,37323,112],{"class":78},[64,37325,130],{"class":115},[64,37327,4954],{"class":78},[64,37329,37330],{"class":136},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37332,37333,37335,37336,37338],{},[15,37334,37207],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37337,24403],{}," to see the results.",[50,37340,152,37342,155],{"id":37341},"what-filter-does",[15,37343,37207],{},[20,37345,37346,37348],{},[15,37347,37207],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37350,1938],{},[30,37352,37353,37356,37362],{},[33,37354,37355],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[33,37357,37358,37359,37361],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37360,47],{},", the item is kept",[33,37363,37358,37364,37366],{},[15,37365,147],{},", the item is removed",[20,37368,916],{},[55,37370,37372],{"className":57,"code":37371,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37373,37374,37402,37406,37434],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,37375,37376,37378,37380,37382,37384,37386,37388,37390,37392,37394,37396,37398,37400],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,37377,71],{"class":70},[64,37379,75],{"class":74},[64,37381,79],{"class":78},[64,37383,83],{"class":82},[64,37385,86],{"class":78},[64,37387,89],{"class":82},[64,37389,86],{"class":78},[64,37391,94],{"class":82},[64,37393,86],{"class":78},[64,37395,2286],{"class":82},[64,37397,86],{"class":78},[64,37399,1112],{"class":82},[64,37401,97],{"class":78},[64,37403,37404],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,37405,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,37407,37408,37410,37412,37414,37416,37418,37420,37422,37424,37426,37428,37430,37432],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,37409,103],{"class":70},[64,37411,75],{"class":74},[64,37413,37286],{"class":108},[64,37415,112],{"class":78},[64,37417,37291],{"class":1895},[64,37419,37295],{"class":37294},[64,37421,160],{"class":78},[64,37423,372],{"class":115},[64,37425,751],{"class":74},[64,37427,94],{"class":82},[64,37429,86],{"class":78},[64,37431,762],{"class":115},[64,37433,119],{"class":78},[64,37435,37436,37438,37440,37442,37444,37446],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,37437,125],{"class":108},[64,37439,112],{"class":78},[64,37441,7695],{"class":357},[64,37443,112],{"class":78},[64,37445,130],{"class":115},[64,37447,471],{"class":78},[20,37449,384],{},[55,37451,37453],{"className":57,"code":37452,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37454,37455],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,37456,37457,37459,37461,37463,37465],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,37458,394],{"class":78},[64,37460,2334],{"class":82},[64,37462,86],{"class":78},[64,37464,1112],{"class":82},[64,37466,97],{"class":78},[20,37468,37469,37470,37472],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37471,1892],{}," are kept.",[50,37474,37476],{"id":37475},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37478,1991],{},[55,37480,37482],{"className":57,"code":37481,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37483,37484],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,37485,37486,37488,37490,37493,37495,37498],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,37487,37233],{"class":108},[64,37489,112],{"class":78},[64,37491,37492],{"class":115},"function",[64,37494,86],{"class":78},[64,37496,37497],{"class":115}," iterable",[64,37499,119],{"class":78},[428,37501,37502],{"id":37492},[15,37503,37492],{},[20,37505,37506],{},"This is the test function.",[30,37508,37509,37512],{},[33,37510,37511],{},"It receives one item at a time",[33,37513,37514,37515,212,37517],{},"It should return ",[15,37516,47],{},[15,37518,147],{},[428,37520,37521],{"id":197},[15,37522,197],{},[20,37524,37525],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37527,37528],{},"It can be:",[30,37530,37531,37534,37537,37540,37543],{},[33,37532,37533],{},"a list",[33,37535,37536],{},"a tuple",[33,37538,37539],{},"a string",[33,37541,37542],{},"a set",[33,37544,37545],{},"another iterable object",[20,37547,37548],{},"Example with a tuple:",[55,37550,37552],{"className":57,"code":37551,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37553,37554,37579,37583,37611],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,37555,37556,37558,37560,37562,37564,37566,37569,37571,37573,37575,37577],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,37557,71],{"class":70},[64,37559,75],{"class":74},[64,37561,8842],{"class":78},[64,37563,2160],{"class":82},[64,37565,86],{"class":78},[64,37567,37568],{"class":82}," 15",[64,37570,86],{"class":78},[64,37572,7390],{"class":82},[64,37574,86],{"class":78},[64,37576,8912],{"class":82},[64,37578,119],{"class":78},[64,37580,37581],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,37582,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,37584,37585,37587,37589,37591,37593,37595,37597,37599,37601,37603,37605,37607,37609],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,37586,103],{"class":70},[64,37588,75],{"class":74},[64,37590,37286],{"class":108},[64,37592,112],{"class":78},[64,37594,37291],{"class":1895},[64,37596,37295],{"class":37294},[64,37598,160],{"class":78},[64,37600,372],{"class":115},[64,37602,1609],{"class":74},[64,37604,7390],{"class":82},[64,37606,86],{"class":78},[64,37608,762],{"class":115},[64,37610,119],{"class":78},[64,37612,37613,37615,37617,37619,37621,37623],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,37614,125],{"class":108},[64,37616,112],{"class":78},[64,37618,7695],{"class":357},[64,37620,112],{"class":78},[64,37622,130],{"class":115},[64,37624,471],{"class":78},[20,37626,384],{},[55,37628,37630],{"className":57,"code":37629,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37631,37632],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,37633,37634,37636,37638,37640,37642],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,37635,394],{"class":78},[64,37637,15371],{"class":82},[64,37639,86],{"class":78},[64,37641,8912],{"class":82},[64,37643,97],{"class":78},[20,37645,37646,37647,148],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[285,37648,1647],{"href":5180},[50,37650,37652],{"id":37651},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,37654,37655,37656,21596,37658,148],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37657,37207],{},[221,37659,37660],{},"filter object",[20,37662,37663],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[30,37665,37666,37669,37674],{},[33,37667,37668],{},"loop through it",[33,37670,37671,37672],{},"convert it with ",[15,37673,24403],{},[33,37675,37671,37676],{},[15,37677,37678],{},"tuple()",[20,37680,916],{},[55,37682,37684],{"className":57,"code":37683,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37685,37686,37728,37732,37742,37756],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,37687,37688,37690,37692,37694,37696,37698,37700,37702,37704,37706,37708,37710,37712,37714,37716,37718,37720,37722,37724,37726],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,37689,103],{"class":70},[64,37691,75],{"class":74},[64,37693,37286],{"class":108},[64,37695,112],{"class":78},[64,37697,37291],{"class":1895},[64,37699,37295],{"class":37294},[64,37701,160],{"class":78},[64,37703,372],{"class":115},[64,37705,751],{"class":74},[64,37707,89],{"class":82},[64,37709,86],{"class":78},[64,37711,79],{"class":78},[64,37713,83],{"class":82},[64,37715,86],{"class":78},[64,37717,89],{"class":82},[64,37719,86],{"class":78},[64,37721,94],{"class":82},[64,37723,86],{"class":78},[64,37725,2286],{"class":82},[64,37727,381],{"class":78},[64,37729,37730],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,37731,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,37733,37734,37736,37738,37740],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,37735,125],{"class":108},[64,37737,112],{"class":78},[64,37739,130],{"class":115},[64,37741,119],{"class":78},[64,37743,37744,37746,37748,37750,37752,37754],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,37745,125],{"class":108},[64,37747,112],{"class":78},[64,37749,3052],{"class":357},[64,37751,112],{"class":78},[64,37753,130],{"class":115},[64,37755,471],{"class":78},[64,37757,37758,37760,37762,37764,37766,37768],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,37759,125],{"class":108},[64,37761,112],{"class":78},[64,37763,7695],{"class":357},[64,37765,112],{"class":78},[64,37767,130],{"class":115},[64,37769,471],{"class":78},[20,37771,384],{},[55,37773,37775],{"className":57,"code":37774,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,37776,37777,37791,37805],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,37778,37779,37781,37783,37785,37787,37789],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,37780,3121],{"class":74},[64,37782,37233],{"class":108},[64,37784,24239],{"class":357},[64,37786,36995],{"class":70},[64,37788,37002],{"class":34080},[64,37790,3133],{"class":74},[64,37792,37793,37795,37797,37799,37801,37803],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,37794,3121],{"class":74},[64,37796,3124],{"class":1895},[64,37798,326],{"class":320},[64,37800,37233],{"class":329},[64,37802,333],{"class":320},[64,37804,3133],{"class":74},[64,37806,37807,37809,37811,37813,37815],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,37808,394],{"class":78},[64,37810,1892],{"class":82},[64,37812,86],{"class":78},[64,37814,2286],{"class":82},[64,37816,97],{"class":78},[20,37818,37819],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[428,37821,37823],{"id":37822},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,37825,37826],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[55,37828,37830],{"className":57,"code":37829,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37831,37832,37874,37878,37892],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,37833,37834,37836,37838,37840,37842,37844,37846,37848,37850,37852,37854,37856,37858,37860,37862,37864,37866,37868,37870,37872],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,37835,103],{"class":70},[64,37837,75],{"class":74},[64,37839,37286],{"class":108},[64,37841,112],{"class":78},[64,37843,37291],{"class":1895},[64,37845,37295],{"class":37294},[64,37847,160],{"class":78},[64,37849,372],{"class":115},[64,37851,751],{"class":74},[64,37853,89],{"class":82},[64,37855,86],{"class":78},[64,37857,79],{"class":78},[64,37859,83],{"class":82},[64,37861,86],{"class":78},[64,37863,89],{"class":82},[64,37865,86],{"class":78},[64,37867,94],{"class":82},[64,37869,86],{"class":78},[64,37871,2286],{"class":82},[64,37873,381],{"class":78},[64,37875,37876],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,37877,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,37879,37880,37882,37884,37886,37888,37890],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,37881,125],{"class":108},[64,37883,112],{"class":78},[64,37885,7695],{"class":357},[64,37887,112],{"class":78},[64,37889,130],{"class":115},[64,37891,471],{"class":78},[64,37893,37894,37896,37898,37900,37902,37904],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,37895,125],{"class":108},[64,37897,112],{"class":78},[64,37899,7695],{"class":357},[64,37901,112],{"class":78},[64,37903,130],{"class":115},[64,37905,471],{"class":78},[20,37907,384],{},[55,37909,37911],{"className":57,"code":37910,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,37912,37913,37925],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,37914,37915,37917,37919,37921,37923],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,37916,394],{"class":78},[64,37918,1892],{"class":82},[64,37920,86],{"class":78},[64,37922,2286],{"class":82},[64,37924,97],{"class":78},[64,37926,37927],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,37928,37929],{"class":78},"[]\n",[20,37931,37932],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[50,37934,8020,37936,8309,37938],{"id":37935},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,37937,37207],{},[15,37939,37291],{},[20,37941,14805,37942,37944],{},[15,37943,37291],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,37946,37947],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[55,37949,37951],{"className":57,"code":37950,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37952,37953,37995,37999,38037],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,37954,37955,37957,37959,37961,37963,37965,37967,37969,37971,37974,37976,37978,37980,37982,37984,37986,37988,37991,37993],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,37956,567],{"class":70},[64,37958,75],{"class":74},[64,37960,79],{"class":78},[64,37962,2686],{"class":320},[64,37964,576],{"class":329},[64,37966,2686],{"class":320},[64,37968,86],{"class":78},[64,37970,3184],{"class":320},[64,37972,37973],{"class":329},"kiwi",[64,37975,2686],{"class":320},[64,37977,86],{"class":78},[64,37979,3184],{"class":320},[64,37981,585],{"class":329},[64,37983,2686],{"class":320},[64,37985,86],{"class":78},[64,37987,3184],{"class":320},[64,37989,37990],{"class":329},"fig",[64,37992,2686],{"class":320},[64,37994,97],{"class":78},[64,37996,37997],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,37998,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,38000,38001,38003,38005,38007,38009,38011,38014,38016,38019,38021,38024,38026,38029,38031,38033,38035],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,38002,103],{"class":70},[64,38004,75],{"class":74},[64,38006,37286],{"class":108},[64,38008,112],{"class":78},[64,38010,37291],{"class":1895},[64,38012,38013],{"class":37294}," word",[64,38015,160],{"class":78},[64,38017,38018],{"class":108}," len",[64,38020,112],{"class":78},[64,38022,38023],{"class":115},"word",[64,38025,133],{"class":78},[64,38027,38028],{"class":74}," >",[64,38030,2286],{"class":82},[64,38032,86],{"class":78},[64,38034,5763],{"class":115},[64,38036,119],{"class":78},[64,38038,38039,38041,38043,38045,38047,38049],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,38040,125],{"class":108},[64,38042,112],{"class":78},[64,38044,7695],{"class":357},[64,38046,112],{"class":78},[64,38048,130],{"class":115},[64,38050,471],{"class":78},[20,38052,384],{},[55,38054,38056],{"className":57,"code":38055,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38057,38058],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,38059,38060,38062,38064,38066,38068,38070,38072,38074,38076],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,38061,394],{"class":78},[64,38063,333],{"class":320},[64,38065,576],{"class":329},[64,38067,333],{"class":320},[64,38069,86],{"class":78},[64,38071,326],{"class":320},[64,38073,585],{"class":329},[64,38075,333],{"class":320},[64,38077,97],{"class":78},[20,38079,38080],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38082,38083,38084,148],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[285,38085,38087],{"href":38086},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[50,38089,8020,38091,38093],{"id":38090},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38092,37207],{}," with a named function",[20,38095,38096,38097,148],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38098,37291],{},[20,38100,38101],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[30,38103,38104,38107,38110],{},[33,38105,38106],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[33,38108,38109],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[33,38111,38112],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[55,38114,38116],{"className":57,"code":38115,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38117,38118,38131,38146,38150,38182,38201,38205],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,38119,38120,38122,38125,38127,38129],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,38121,34479],{"class":1895},[64,38123,38124],{"class":34482}," is_even",[64,38126,112],{"class":78},[64,38128,2069],{"class":37294},[64,38130,7944],{"class":78},[64,38132,38133,38135,38137,38139,38141,38143],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,38134,34490],{"class":368},[64,38136,5982],{"class":70},[64,38138,5999],{"class":74},[64,38140,89],{"class":82},[64,38142,6004],{"class":74},[64,38144,38145],{"class":82}," 0\n",[64,38147,38148],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,38149,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,38151,38152,38154,38156,38158,38160,38162,38164,38166,38168,38170,38172,38174,38176,38178,38180],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,38153,71],{"class":70},[64,38155,75],{"class":74},[64,38157,79],{"class":78},[64,38159,83],{"class":82},[64,38161,86],{"class":78},[64,38163,89],{"class":82},[64,38165,86],{"class":78},[64,38167,94],{"class":82},[64,38169,86],{"class":78},[64,38171,2286],{"class":82},[64,38173,86],{"class":78},[64,38175,1112],{"class":82},[64,38177,86],{"class":78},[64,38179,37275],{"class":82},[64,38181,97],{"class":78},[64,38183,38184,38186,38188,38190,38192,38195,38197,38199],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,38185,103],{"class":70},[64,38187,75],{"class":74},[64,38189,37286],{"class":108},[64,38191,112],{"class":78},[64,38193,38194],{"class":115},"is_even",[64,38196,86],{"class":78},[64,38198,762],{"class":115},[64,38200,119],{"class":78},[64,38202,38203],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,38204,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,38206,38207,38209,38211,38213,38215,38217],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,38208,125],{"class":108},[64,38210,112],{"class":78},[64,38212,7695],{"class":357},[64,38214,112],{"class":78},[64,38216,130],{"class":115},[64,38218,471],{"class":78},[20,38220,384],{},[55,38222,38224],{"className":57,"code":38223,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38225,38226],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,38227,38228,38230,38232,38234,38236,38238,38240],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,38229,394],{"class":78},[64,38231,815],{"class":82},[64,38233,86],{"class":78},[64,38235,2286],{"class":82},[64,38237,86],{"class":78},[64,38239,37275],{"class":82},[64,38241,97],{"class":78},[20,38243,20391,38244,44,38247,38249],{},[15,38245,38246],{},"is_even()",[15,38248,47],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[50,38251,8020,38253,8309,38255],{"id":38252},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38254,258],{},[15,38256,37207],{},[20,38258,38259,38260,38262],{},"You can pass ",[15,38261,258],{}," as the first argument:",[55,38264,38266],{"className":57,"code":38265,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38267,38268],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,38269,38270,38272,38274,38276,38278,38280],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,38271,37233],{"class":108},[64,38273,112],{"class":78},[64,38275,258],{"class":338},[64,38277,86],{"class":78},[64,38279,37497],{"class":115},[64,38281,119],{"class":78},[20,38283,38284,38285,6938],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[221,38286,5190],{},[20,38288,38289],{},"Falsy values include:",[30,38291,38292,38296,38301,38305],{},[33,38293,38294],{},[15,38295,243],{},[33,38297,38298,38300],{},[15,38299,253],{}," (empty string)",[33,38302,38303],{},[15,38304,258],{},[33,38306,38307],{},[15,38308,147],{},[20,38310,916],{},[55,38312,38314],{"className":57,"code":38313,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38315,38316,38360,38364,38382],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,38317,38318,38320,38322,38324,38326,38328,38330,38332,38334,38336,38338,38340,38342,38344,38346,38348,38350,38352,38354,38356,38358],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,38319,7379],{"class":70},[64,38321,75],{"class":74},[64,38323,79],{"class":78},[64,38325,243],{"class":82},[64,38327,86],{"class":78},[64,38329,5091],{"class":82},[64,38331,86],{"class":78},[64,38333,5721],{"class":320},[64,38335,86],{"class":78},[64,38337,3184],{"class":320},[64,38339,330],{"class":329},[64,38341,2686],{"class":320},[64,38343,86],{"class":78},[64,38345,339],{"class":338},[64,38347,86],{"class":78},[64,38349,410],{"class":338},[64,38351,86],{"class":78},[64,38353,401],{"class":338},[64,38355,86],{"class":78},[64,38357,1112],{"class":82},[64,38359,97],{"class":78},[64,38361,38362],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,38363,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,38365,38366,38368,38370,38372,38374,38376,38378,38380],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,38367,103],{"class":70},[64,38369,75],{"class":74},[64,38371,37286],{"class":108},[64,38373,112],{"class":78},[64,38375,258],{"class":338},[64,38377,86],{"class":78},[64,38379,5560],{"class":115},[64,38381,119],{"class":78},[64,38383,38384,38386,38388,38390,38392,38394],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,38385,125],{"class":108},[64,38387,112],{"class":78},[64,38389,7695],{"class":357},[64,38391,112],{"class":78},[64,38393,130],{"class":115},[64,38395,471],{"class":78},[20,38397,384],{},[55,38399,38401],{"className":57,"code":38400,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38402,38403],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,38404,38405,38407,38409,38411,38413,38415,38417,38419,38421,38423,38425],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,38406,394],{"class":78},[64,38408,83],{"class":82},[64,38410,86],{"class":78},[64,38412,326],{"class":320},[64,38414,330],{"class":329},[64,38416,333],{"class":320},[64,38418,86],{"class":78},[64,38420,410],{"class":338},[64,38422,86],{"class":78},[64,38424,1112],{"class":82},[64,38426,97],{"class":78},[20,38428,38429],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[50,38431,1471,38433],{"id":38432},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38434,37207],{},[20,38436,1923,38437,38439],{},[15,38438,37207],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38441,38442],{},"It works well for:",[30,38444,38445,38448,38451],{},[33,38446,38447],{},"simple filtering rules",[33,38449,38450],{},"quick data cleaning",[33,38452,38453],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38455,916],{},[55,38457,38459],{"className":57,"code":38458,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38460,38461,38493,38526,38530],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,38462,38463,38465,38467,38469,38471,38473,38475,38477,38479,38481,38483,38485,38487,38489,38491],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,38464,71],{"class":70},[64,38466,75],{"class":74},[64,38468,79],{"class":78},[64,38470,83],{"class":82},[64,38472,86],{"class":78},[64,38474,89],{"class":82},[64,38476,86],{"class":78},[64,38478,94],{"class":82},[64,38480,86],{"class":78},[64,38482,2286],{"class":82},[64,38484,86],{"class":78},[64,38486,1112],{"class":82},[64,38488,86],{"class":78},[64,38490,37275],{"class":82},[64,38492,97],{"class":78},[64,38494,38495,38498,38500,38502,38504,38506,38508,38510,38512,38514,38516,38518,38520,38522,38524],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,38496,38497],{"class":70},"evens ",[64,38499,75],{"class":74},[64,38501,37286],{"class":108},[64,38503,112],{"class":78},[64,38505,37291],{"class":1895},[64,38507,37295],{"class":37294},[64,38509,160],{"class":78},[64,38511,372],{"class":115},[64,38513,5999],{"class":74},[64,38515,89],{"class":82},[64,38517,6004],{"class":74},[64,38519,315],{"class":82},[64,38521,86],{"class":78},[64,38523,762],{"class":115},[64,38525,119],{"class":78},[64,38527,38528],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,38529,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,38531,38532,38534,38536,38538,38540,38543],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,38533,125],{"class":108},[64,38535,112],{"class":78},[64,38537,7695],{"class":357},[64,38539,112],{"class":78},[64,38541,38542],{"class":115},"evens",[64,38544,471],{"class":78},[20,38546,384],{},[55,38548,38549],{"className":57,"code":38223,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,38550,38551],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,38552,38553,38555,38557,38559,38561,38563,38565],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,38554,394],{"class":78},[64,38556,815],{"class":82},[64,38558,86],{"class":78},[64,38560,2286],{"class":82},[64,38562,86],{"class":78},[64,38564,37275],{"class":82},[64,38566,97],{"class":78},[20,38568,38569,38570,38572],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38571,5552],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[55,38574,38576],{"className":57,"code":38575,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38577,38578,38610,38618,38622,38634,38650,38665,38669],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,38579,38580,38582,38584,38586,38588,38590,38592,38594,38596,38598,38600,38602,38604,38606,38608],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,38581,71],{"class":70},[64,38583,75],{"class":74},[64,38585,79],{"class":78},[64,38587,83],{"class":82},[64,38589,86],{"class":78},[64,38591,89],{"class":82},[64,38593,86],{"class":78},[64,38595,94],{"class":82},[64,38597,86],{"class":78},[64,38599,2286],{"class":82},[64,38601,86],{"class":78},[64,38603,1112],{"class":82},[64,38605,86],{"class":78},[64,38607,37275],{"class":82},[64,38609,97],{"class":78},[64,38611,38612,38614,38616],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,38613,38497],{"class":70},[64,38615,75],{"class":74},[64,38617,7439],{"class":78},[64,38619,38620],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,38621,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,38623,38624,38626,38628,38630,38632],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,38625,5552],{"class":368},[64,38627,5982],{"class":70},[64,38629,375],{"class":368},[64,38631,762],{"class":70},[64,38633,5989],{"class":78},[64,38635,38636,38638,38640,38642,38644,38646,38648],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,38637,5994],{"class":368},[64,38639,5982],{"class":70},[64,38641,5999],{"class":74},[64,38643,89],{"class":82},[64,38645,6004],{"class":74},[64,38647,315],{"class":82},[64,38649,5989],{"class":78},[64,38651,38652,38655,38657,38659,38661,38663],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,38653,38654],{"class":70},"        evens",[64,38656,148],{"class":78},[64,38658,13168],{"class":115},[64,38660,112],{"class":78},[64,38662,2069],{"class":115},[64,38664,119],{"class":78},[64,38666,38667],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,38668,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,38670,38671,38673,38675,38677],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,38672,125],{"class":108},[64,38674,112],{"class":78},[64,38676,38542],{"class":115},[64,38678,119],{"class":78},[20,38680,384],{},[55,38682,38683],{"className":57,"code":38223,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,38684,38685],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,38686,38687,38689,38691,38693,38695,38697,38699],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,38688,394],{"class":78},[64,38690,815],{"class":82},[64,38692,86],{"class":78},[64,38694,2286],{"class":82},[64,38696,86],{"class":78},[64,38698,37275],{"class":82},[64,38700,97],{"class":78},[20,38702,38703],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[55,38705,38707],{"className":57,"code":38706,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38708,38709,38741,38774,38778],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,38710,38711,38713,38715,38717,38719,38721,38723,38725,38727,38729,38731,38733,38735,38737,38739],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,38712,71],{"class":70},[64,38714,75],{"class":74},[64,38716,79],{"class":78},[64,38718,83],{"class":82},[64,38720,86],{"class":78},[64,38722,89],{"class":82},[64,38724,86],{"class":78},[64,38726,94],{"class":82},[64,38728,86],{"class":78},[64,38730,2286],{"class":82},[64,38732,86],{"class":78},[64,38734,1112],{"class":82},[64,38736,86],{"class":78},[64,38738,37275],{"class":82},[64,38740,97],{"class":78},[64,38742,38743,38745,38747,38749,38751,38753,38755,38757,38760,38762,38764,38766,38768,38770,38772],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,38744,38497],{"class":70},[64,38746,75],{"class":74},[64,38748,79],{"class":78},[64,38750,2048],{"class":70},[64,38752,5552],{"class":368},[64,38754,5982],{"class":70},[64,38756,375],{"class":368},[64,38758,38759],{"class":70}," numbers ",[64,38761,6595],{"class":368},[64,38763,5982],{"class":70},[64,38765,5999],{"class":74},[64,38767,89],{"class":82},[64,38769,6004],{"class":74},[64,38771,315],{"class":82},[64,38773,97],{"class":78},[64,38775,38776],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,38777,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,38779,38780,38782,38784,38786],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,38781,125],{"class":108},[64,38783,112],{"class":78},[64,38785,38542],{"class":115},[64,38787,119],{"class":78},[20,38789,384],{},[55,38791,38792],{"className":57,"code":38223,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,38793,38794],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,38795,38796,38798,38800,38802,38804,38806,38808],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,38797,394],{"class":78},[64,38799,815],{"class":82},[64,38801,86],{"class":78},[64,38803,2286],{"class":82},[64,38805,86],{"class":78},[64,38807,37275],{"class":82},[64,38809,97],{"class":78},[20,38811,38812,38813,148],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[285,38814,38816],{"href":38815},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[50,38818,2661],{"id":2660},[20,38820,14349,38821,148],{},[15,38822,37207],{},[428,38824,8056,38826,38828],{"id":38825},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,38827,37207],{}," to return a list",[20,38830,38831],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[55,38833,38835],{"className":57,"code":38834,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,38836,38837,38879],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,38838,38839,38841,38843,38845,38847,38849,38851,38853,38855,38857,38859,38861,38863,38865,38867,38869,38871,38873,38875,38877],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,38840,103],{"class":70},[64,38842,75],{"class":74},[64,38844,37286],{"class":108},[64,38846,112],{"class":78},[64,38848,37291],{"class":1895},[64,38850,37295],{"class":37294},[64,38852,160],{"class":78},[64,38854,372],{"class":115},[64,38856,751],{"class":74},[64,38858,89],{"class":82},[64,38860,86],{"class":78},[64,38862,79],{"class":78},[64,38864,83],{"class":82},[64,38866,86],{"class":78},[64,38868,89],{"class":82},[64,38870,86],{"class":78},[64,38872,94],{"class":82},[64,38874,86],{"class":78},[64,38876,2286],{"class":82},[64,38878,381],{"class":78},[64,38880,38881,38883,38885,38887],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,38882,125],{"class":108},[64,38884,112],{"class":78},[64,38886,130],{"class":115},[64,38888,119],{"class":78},[20,38890,38891],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,38893,38894],{},"Fix:",[55,38896,38898],{"className":57,"code":38897,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38899,38900,38942],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,38901,38902,38904,38906,38908,38910,38912,38914,38916,38918,38920,38922,38924,38926,38928,38930,38932,38934,38936,38938,38940],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,38903,103],{"class":70},[64,38905,75],{"class":74},[64,38907,37286],{"class":108},[64,38909,112],{"class":78},[64,38911,37291],{"class":1895},[64,38913,37295],{"class":37294},[64,38915,160],{"class":78},[64,38917,372],{"class":115},[64,38919,751],{"class":74},[64,38921,89],{"class":82},[64,38923,86],{"class":78},[64,38925,79],{"class":78},[64,38927,83],{"class":82},[64,38929,86],{"class":78},[64,38931,89],{"class":82},[64,38933,86],{"class":78},[64,38935,94],{"class":82},[64,38937,86],{"class":78},[64,38939,2286],{"class":82},[64,38941,381],{"class":78},[64,38943,38944,38946,38948,38950,38952,38954],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,38945,125],{"class":108},[64,38947,112],{"class":78},[64,38949,7695],{"class":357},[64,38951,112],{"class":78},[64,38953,130],{"class":115},[64,38955,471],{"class":78},[428,38957,38959,38960,212,38962,38964],{"id":38958},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,38961,47],{},[15,38963,147],{}," clearly",[20,38966,38967],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,38969,38970],{},"Good example:",[55,38972,38974],{"className":57,"code":38973,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,38975,38976,38989],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,38977,38978,38980,38983,38985,38987],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,38979,34479],{"class":1895},[64,38981,38982],{"class":34482}," is_positive",[64,38984,112],{"class":78},[64,38986,2069],{"class":37294},[64,38988,7944],{"class":78},[64,38990,38991,38993,38995,38997],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,38992,34490],{"class":368},[64,38994,5982],{"class":70},[64,38996,751],{"class":74},[64,38998,38145],{"class":82},[20,39000,39001],{},"Then use it with:",[55,39003,39005],{"className":57,"code":39004,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39006,39007,39039],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,39008,39009,39011,39013,39015,39017,39019,39021,39023,39025,39027,39029,39031,39033,39035,39037],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39010,71],{"class":70},[64,39012,75],{"class":74},[64,39014,79],{"class":78},[64,39016,1852],{"class":74},[64,39018,815],{"class":82},[64,39020,86],{"class":78},[64,39022,812],{"class":74},[64,39024,83],{"class":82},[64,39026,86],{"class":78},[64,39028,315],{"class":82},[64,39030,86],{"class":78},[64,39032,5091],{"class":82},[64,39034,86],{"class":78},[64,39036,89],{"class":82},[64,39038,97],{"class":78},[64,39040,39041,39043,39045,39047,39049,39051,39053,39056,39058,39060],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,39042,125],{"class":108},[64,39044,112],{"class":78},[64,39046,7695],{"class":357},[64,39048,112],{"class":78},[64,39050,37233],{"class":108},[64,39052,112],{"class":78},[64,39054,39055],{"class":115},"is_positive",[64,39057,86],{"class":78},[64,39059,762],{"class":115},[64,39061,2744],{"class":78},[20,39063,384],{},[55,39065,39067],{"className":57,"code":39066,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39068,39069],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,39070,39071,39073,39075,39077,39079],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39072,394],{"class":78},[64,39074,83],{"class":82},[64,39076,86],{"class":78},[64,39078,89],{"class":82},[64,39080,97],{"class":78},[428,39082,39084],{"id":39083},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39086,39087],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[55,39089,39090],{"className":57,"code":37829,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,39091,39092,39134,39138,39152],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,39093,39094,39096,39098,39100,39102,39104,39106,39108,39110,39112,39114,39116,39118,39120,39122,39124,39126,39128,39130,39132],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39095,103],{"class":70},[64,39097,75],{"class":74},[64,39099,37286],{"class":108},[64,39101,112],{"class":78},[64,39103,37291],{"class":1895},[64,39105,37295],{"class":37294},[64,39107,160],{"class":78},[64,39109,372],{"class":115},[64,39111,751],{"class":74},[64,39113,89],{"class":82},[64,39115,86],{"class":78},[64,39117,79],{"class":78},[64,39119,83],{"class":82},[64,39121,86],{"class":78},[64,39123,89],{"class":82},[64,39125,86],{"class":78},[64,39127,94],{"class":82},[64,39129,86],{"class":78},[64,39131,2286],{"class":82},[64,39133,381],{"class":78},[64,39135,39136],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,39137,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,39139,39140,39142,39144,39146,39148,39150],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,39141,125],{"class":108},[64,39143,112],{"class":78},[64,39145,7695],{"class":357},[64,39147,112],{"class":78},[64,39149,130],{"class":115},[64,39151,471],{"class":78},[64,39153,39154,39156,39158,39160,39162,39164],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,39155,125],{"class":108},[64,39157,112],{"class":78},[64,39159,7695],{"class":357},[64,39161,112],{"class":78},[64,39163,130],{"class":115},[64,39165,471],{"class":78},[20,39167,384],{},[55,39169,39170],{"className":57,"code":37910,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,39171,39172,39184],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,39173,39174,39176,39178,39180,39182],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39175,394],{"class":78},[64,39177,1892],{"class":82},[64,39179,86],{"class":78},[64,39181,2286],{"class":82},[64,39183,97],{"class":78},[64,39185,39186],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,39187,37929],{"class":78},[20,39189,39190],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[55,39192,39194],{"className":57,"code":39193,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39195,39196,39242,39246,39256],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,39197,39198,39200,39202,39204,39206,39208,39210,39212,39214,39216,39218,39220,39222,39224,39226,39228,39230,39232,39234,39236,39238,39240],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39199,103],{"class":70},[64,39201,75],{"class":74},[64,39203,22181],{"class":357},[64,39205,112],{"class":78},[64,39207,37233],{"class":108},[64,39209,112],{"class":78},[64,39211,37291],{"class":1895},[64,39213,37295],{"class":37294},[64,39215,160],{"class":78},[64,39217,372],{"class":115},[64,39219,751],{"class":74},[64,39221,89],{"class":82},[64,39223,86],{"class":78},[64,39225,79],{"class":78},[64,39227,83],{"class":82},[64,39229,86],{"class":78},[64,39231,89],{"class":82},[64,39233,86],{"class":78},[64,39235,94],{"class":82},[64,39237,86],{"class":78},[64,39239,2286],{"class":82},[64,39241,1081],{"class":78},[64,39243,39244],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,39245,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,39247,39248,39250,39252,39254],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,39249,125],{"class":108},[64,39251,112],{"class":78},[64,39253,130],{"class":115},[64,39255,119],{"class":78},[64,39257,39258,39260,39262,39264],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,39259,125],{"class":108},[64,39261,112],{"class":78},[64,39263,130],{"class":115},[64,39265,119],{"class":78},[428,39267,39269],{"id":39268},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39271,39272],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39274,16261],{},[55,39276,39278],{"className":57,"code":39277,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39279,39280],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,39281,39282],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39283,39277],{"class":136},[20,39285,39286,39287,6148],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39288,2160],{},[20,39290,16273],{},[55,39292,39294],{"className":57,"code":39293,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39295,39296],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,39297,39298,39300,39302,39304,39306,39308,39310,39312,39314,39316,39318,39320,39322,39324,39326,39328,39330,39332,39334,39336,39338,39340],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39299,125],{"class":108},[64,39301,112],{"class":78},[64,39303,7695],{"class":357},[64,39305,112],{"class":78},[64,39307,37233],{"class":108},[64,39309,112],{"class":78},[64,39311,37291],{"class":1895},[64,39313,37295],{"class":37294},[64,39315,160],{"class":78},[64,39317,372],{"class":115},[64,39319,751],{"class":74},[64,39321,89],{"class":82},[64,39323,86],{"class":78},[64,39325,79],{"class":78},[64,39327,83],{"class":82},[64,39329,86],{"class":78},[64,39331,89],{"class":82},[64,39333,86],{"class":78},[64,39335,94],{"class":82},[64,39337,86],{"class":78},[64,39339,2286],{"class":82},[64,39341,36896],{"class":78},[428,39343,36835,39345,8309,39347],{"id":39344},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39346,37207],{},[15,39348,39349],{},"map()",[30,39351,39352,39357],{},[33,39353,39354,39356],{},[15,39355,37207],{}," keeps or removes items",[33,39358,39359,39361],{},[15,39360,39349],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39363,39364,39365,160],{},"Example of ",[15,39366,37207],{},[55,39368,39370],{"className":57,"code":39369,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39371,39372,39396],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,39373,39374,39376,39378,39380,39382,39384,39386,39388,39390,39392,39394],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39375,71],{"class":70},[64,39377,75],{"class":74},[64,39379,79],{"class":78},[64,39381,83],{"class":82},[64,39383,86],{"class":78},[64,39385,89],{"class":82},[64,39387,86],{"class":78},[64,39389,94],{"class":82},[64,39391,86],{"class":78},[64,39393,2286],{"class":82},[64,39395,97],{"class":78},[64,39397,39398,39400,39402,39404,39406,39408,39410,39412,39414,39416,39418,39420,39422,39424,39426],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,39399,125],{"class":108},[64,39401,112],{"class":78},[64,39403,7695],{"class":357},[64,39405,112],{"class":78},[64,39407,37233],{"class":108},[64,39409,112],{"class":78},[64,39411,37291],{"class":1895},[64,39413,37295],{"class":37294},[64,39415,160],{"class":78},[64,39417,372],{"class":115},[64,39419,751],{"class":74},[64,39421,89],{"class":82},[64,39423,86],{"class":78},[64,39425,762],{"class":115},[64,39427,2744],{"class":78},[20,39429,384],{},[55,39431,39433],{"className":57,"code":39432,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39434,39435],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,39436,39437,39439,39441,39443,39445],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39438,394],{"class":78},[64,39440,1892],{"class":82},[64,39442,86],{"class":78},[64,39444,2286],{"class":82},[64,39446,97],{"class":78},[20,39448,39364,39449,160],{},[15,39450,39349],{},[55,39452,39454],{"className":57,"code":39453,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39455,39456,39480],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,39457,39458,39460,39462,39464,39466,39468,39470,39472,39474,39476,39478],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39459,71],{"class":70},[64,39461,75],{"class":74},[64,39463,79],{"class":78},[64,39465,83],{"class":82},[64,39467,86],{"class":78},[64,39469,89],{"class":82},[64,39471,86],{"class":78},[64,39473,94],{"class":82},[64,39475,86],{"class":78},[64,39477,2286],{"class":82},[64,39479,97],{"class":78},[64,39481,39482,39484,39486,39488,39490,39493,39495,39497,39499,39501,39503,39506,39508,39510,39512],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,39483,125],{"class":108},[64,39485,112],{"class":78},[64,39487,7695],{"class":357},[64,39489,112],{"class":78},[64,39491,39492],{"class":108},"map",[64,39494,112],{"class":78},[64,39496,37291],{"class":1895},[64,39498,37295],{"class":37294},[64,39500,160],{"class":78},[64,39502,372],{"class":115},[64,39504,39505],{"class":74},"*",[64,39507,89],{"class":82},[64,39509,86],{"class":78},[64,39511,762],{"class":115},[64,39513,2744],{"class":78},[20,39515,384],{},[55,39517,39519],{"className":57,"code":39518,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39520,39521],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,39522,39523,39525,39527,39529,39531,39533,39535,39537,39539],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39524,394],{"class":78},[64,39526,815],{"class":82},[64,39528,86],{"class":78},[64,39530,2286],{"class":82},[64,39532,86],{"class":78},[64,39534,37275],{"class":82},[64,39536,86],{"class":78},[64,39538,5955],{"class":82},[64,39540,97],{"class":78},[20,39542,39543,39544,148],{},"For the related function, see ",[285,39545,13,39547,1713],{"href":39546},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39548,39349],{},[50,39550,1651],{"id":1650},[428,39552,12317,39554,39556],{"id":39553},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39555,37207],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39558,39559,39560,39562],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39561,24403],{}," if needed.",[428,39564,39566,39567,39569],{"id":39565},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39568,37207],{}," need to return?",[20,39571,37514,39572,39574,39575,39577],{},[15,39573,47],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39576,147],{}," to remove it.",[428,39579,27952,39581,39583],{"id":39580},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39582,37207],{}," without lambda?",[20,39585,39586],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[428,39588,1655,39590,39593],{"id":39589},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39591,39592],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39595,39596,39597,39599,39600,16690,39602,148],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39598,243],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39601,258],{},[15,39603,147],{},[428,39605,21041,39607,39609],{"id":39606},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39608,37207],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39611,39612,39613,39615],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39614,5552],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39617,39618],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[30,39620,39621,39627,39633],{},[33,39622,39623,39624,39626],{},"use ",[15,39625,37207],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[33,39628,39629,39630,39632],{},"use a ",[15,39631,5552],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[33,39634,39635],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39637,39638,39639,148],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[285,39640,1643],{"href":39641},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[50,39643,1717],{"id":1716},[30,39645,39646,39651,39655,39660,39666],{},[33,39647,39648],{},[285,39649,39650],{"href":38086},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[33,39652,39653],{},[285,39654,1739],{"href":39641},[33,39656,39657],{},[285,39658,39659],{"href":38815},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[33,39661,39662],{},[285,39663,13,39664,1713],{"href":39546},[15,39665,39349],{},[33,39667,39668],{},[285,39669,1734],{"href":5180},[1751,39671,39672],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":39674},[39675,39676,39678,39682,39685,39687,39689,39691,39693,39703,39715],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":37341,"depth":100,"text":39677},"What filter() does",{"id":37475,"depth":100,"text":37476,"children":39679},[39680,39681],{"id":37492,"depth":122,"text":37492},{"id":197,"depth":122,"text":197},{"id":37651,"depth":100,"text":37652,"children":39683},[39684],{"id":37822,"depth":122,"text":37823},{"id":37935,"depth":100,"text":39686},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38090,"depth":100,"text":39688},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38252,"depth":100,"text":39690},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38432,"depth":100,"text":39692},"When to use filter()",{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661,"children":39694},[39695,39697,39699,39700,39701],{"id":38825,"depth":122,"text":39696},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":38958,"depth":122,"text":39698},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39083,"depth":122,"text":39084},{"id":39268,"depth":122,"text":39269},{"id":39344,"depth":122,"text":39702},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":39704},[39705,39707,39709,39711,39713],{"id":39553,"depth":122,"text":39706},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39565,"depth":122,"text":39708},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39580,"depth":122,"text":39710},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39589,"depth":122,"text":39712},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39606,"depth":122,"text":39714},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37199,"description":39716},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39723,"title":39724,"body":39725,"description":41878,"extension":1791,"meta":41879,"navigation":346,"path":41880,"seo":41881,"stem":41882,"__hash__":41883},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39726,"toc":41832},[39727,39730,39735,39741,39743,39795,39797,39816,39821,39825,39830,39833,39848,39851,39873,39875,39924,39926,39950,39952,39954,39969,39974,39982,39997,39999,40008,40011,40046,40050,40055,40059,40066,40101,40103,40119,40123,40126,40167,40169,40183,40187,40190,40214,40216,40225,40229,40232,40265,40267,40280,40284,40290,40309,40311,40319,40323,40328,40332,40338,40361,40363,40392,40395,40414,40418,40421,40448,40450,40484,40488,40491,40515,40519,40530,40532,40537,40543,40545,40629,40631,40673,40676,40680,40687,40696,40752,40759,40768,40773,40777,40848,40850,40859,40863,40866,40910,40912,40921,40925,40931,40981,40985,40990,40994,41018,41020,41029,41033,41057,41059,41070,41074,41098,41100,41109,41112,41129,41135,41139,41145,41148,41153,41156,41177,41179,41211,41214,41219,41221,41232,41234,41278,41282,41289,41341,41343,41352,41356,41359,41452,41455,41479,41483,41486,41578,41583,41587,41594,41599,41623,41625,41634,41639,41662,41664,41672,41679,41702,41710,41712,41725,41735,41737,41741,41748,41752,41761,41765,41772,41776,41780,41784,41797,41799,41829],[10,39728,39724],{"id":39729},"python-float-function-explained",[20,39731,8728,39732,39734],{},[15,39733,2716],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,39736,39737,39738,39740],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,39739,2716],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[50,39742,1833],{"id":1832},[55,39744,39746],{"className":57,"code":39745,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,39747,39748,39762,39781],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,39749,39750,39752,39754,39756,39758,39760],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39751,125],{"class":108},[64,39753,112],{"class":78},[64,39755,2023],{"class":357},[64,39757,112],{"class":78},[64,39759,1107],{"class":82},[64,39761,471],{"class":78},[64,39763,39764,39766,39768,39770,39772,39774,39777,39779],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,39765,125],{"class":108},[64,39767,112],{"class":78},[64,39769,2023],{"class":357},[64,39771,112],{"class":78},[64,39773,2686],{"class":320},[64,39775,39776],{"class":329},"3.14",[64,39778,2686],{"class":320},[64,39780,471],{"class":78},[64,39782,39783,39785,39787,39789,39791,39793],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,39784,125],{"class":108},[64,39786,112],{"class":78},[64,39788,2023],{"class":357},[64,39790,112],{"class":78},[64,39792,47],{"class":338},[64,39794,471],{"class":78},[20,39796,384],{},[55,39798,39800],{"className":57,"code":39799,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,39801,39802,39806,39811],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,39803,39804],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39805,2309],{"class":82},[64,39807,39808],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,39809,39810],{"class":82},"3.14\n",[64,39812,39813],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,39814,39815],{"class":82},"1.0\n",[20,39817,1923,39818,39820],{},[15,39819,2716],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[50,39822,39824],{"id":39823},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,39826,39827,39829],{},[15,39828,2716],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,39831,39832],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[30,39834,39835,39839,39843],{},[33,39836,39837],{},[15,39838,2321],{},[33,39840,39841],{},[15,39842,39776],{},[33,39844,39845],{},[15,39846,39847],{},"0.5",[20,39849,39850],{},"A few key points:",[30,39852,39853,39860,39863,39866],{},[33,39854,39855,39857,39858],{},[15,39856,2716],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,39859,2023],{},[33,39861,39862],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[33,39864,39865],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[33,39867,39868,39869],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[285,39870,39871],{"href":7821},[15,39872,2790],{},[20,39874,916],{},[55,39876,39878],{"className":57,"code":39877,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,39879,39880,39900,39910],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,39881,39882,39884,39886,39889,39891,39893,39896,39898],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39883,2048],{"class":70},[64,39885,75],{"class":74},[64,39887,39888],{"class":357}," float",[64,39890,112],{"class":78},[64,39892,2686],{"class":320},[64,39894,39895],{"class":329},"2.75",[64,39897,2686],{"class":320},[64,39899,119],{"class":78},[64,39901,39902,39904,39906,39908],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,39903,125],{"class":108},[64,39905,112],{"class":78},[64,39907,2069],{"class":115},[64,39909,119],{"class":78},[64,39911,39912,39914,39916,39918,39920,39922],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,39913,125],{"class":108},[64,39915,112],{"class":78},[64,39917,3052],{"class":357},[64,39919,112],{"class":78},[64,39921,2069],{"class":115},[64,39923,471],{"class":78},[20,39925,384],{},[55,39927,39929],{"className":57,"code":39928,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,39930,39931,39936],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,39932,39933],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39934,39935],{"class":82},"2.75\n",[64,39937,39938,39940,39942,39944,39946,39948],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,39939,3121],{"class":74},[64,39941,3124],{"class":1895},[64,39943,326],{"class":320},[64,39945,2023],{"class":329},[64,39947,333],{"class":320},[64,39949,3133],{"class":74},[50,39951,1988],{"id":1987},[20,39953,6816],{},[55,39955,39957],{"className":57,"code":39956,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"float(value)\n",[15,39958,39959],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,39960,39961,39963,39965,39967],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39962,2023],{"class":357},[64,39964,112],{"class":78},[64,39966,2302],{"class":115},[64,39968,119],{"class":78},[20,39970,39971,39972,148],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,39973,2716],{},[20,39975,39976,39977,39979,39980,160],{},"If you call ",[15,39978,2716],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,39981,248],{},[55,39983,39985],{"className":57,"code":39984,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(float())\n",[15,39986,39987],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,39988,39989,39991,39993,39995],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,39990,125],{"class":108},[64,39992,112],{"class":78},[64,39994,2023],{"class":357},[64,39996,6792],{"class":78},[20,39998,384],{},[55,40000,40002],{"className":57,"code":40001,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"0.0\n",[15,40003,40004],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,40005,40006],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40007,40001],{"class":82},[20,40009,40010],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[55,40012,40014],{"className":57,"code":40013,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40015,40016,40036],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,40017,40018,40021,40023,40025,40027,40029,40032,40034],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40019,40020],{"class":70},"price ",[64,40022,75],{"class":74},[64,40024,39888],{"class":357},[64,40026,112],{"class":78},[64,40028,2686],{"class":320},[64,40030,40031],{"class":329},"19.99",[64,40033,2686],{"class":320},[64,40035,119],{"class":78},[64,40037,40038,40040,40042,40044],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,40039,125],{"class":108},[64,40041,112],{"class":78},[64,40043,24772],{"class":115},[64,40045,119],{"class":78},[50,40047,40049],{"id":40048},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40051,40052,40054],{},[15,40053,2716],{}," can convert several common value types.",[428,40056,40058],{"id":40057},"integers","Integers",[20,40060,40061,40062,40065],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40063,40064],{},".0"," added:",[55,40067,40069],{"className":57,"code":40068,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40070,40071,40085],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,40072,40073,40075,40077,40079,40081,40083],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40074,125],{"class":108},[64,40076,112],{"class":78},[64,40078,2023],{"class":357},[64,40080,112],{"class":78},[64,40082,1107],{"class":82},[64,40084,471],{"class":78},[64,40086,40087,40089,40091,40093,40095,40097,40099],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,40088,125],{"class":108},[64,40090,112],{"class":78},[64,40092,2023],{"class":357},[64,40094,112],{"class":78},[64,40096,1852],{"class":74},[64,40098,815],{"class":82},[64,40100,471],{"class":78},[20,40102,384],{},[55,40104,40106],{"className":57,"code":40105,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40107,40108,40112],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,40109,40110],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40111,2309],{"class":82},[64,40113,40114,40116],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,40115,1852],{"class":74},[64,40117,40118],{"class":82},"2.0\n",[428,40120,40122],{"id":40121},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40124,40125],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[55,40127,40129],{"className":57,"code":40128,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40130,40131,40149],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,40132,40133,40135,40137,40139,40141,40143,40145,40147],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40134,125],{"class":108},[64,40136,112],{"class":78},[64,40138,2023],{"class":357},[64,40140,112],{"class":78},[64,40142,2686],{"class":320},[64,40144,39776],{"class":329},[64,40146,2686],{"class":320},[64,40148,471],{"class":78},[64,40150,40151,40153,40155,40157,40159,40161,40163,40165],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,40152,125],{"class":108},[64,40154,112],{"class":78},[64,40156,2023],{"class":357},[64,40158,112],{"class":78},[64,40160,2686],{"class":320},[64,40162,2160],{"class":329},[64,40164,2686],{"class":320},[64,40166,471],{"class":78},[20,40168,384],{},[55,40170,40172],{"className":57,"code":40171,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40173,40174,40178],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,40175,40176],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40177,39810],{"class":82},[64,40179,40180],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,40181,40182],{"class":82},"10.0\n",[428,40184,40186],{"id":40185},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40188,40189],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[55,40191,40193],{"className":57,"code":40192,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40194,40195],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,40196,40197,40199,40201,40203,40205,40207,40210,40212],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40198,125],{"class":108},[64,40200,112],{"class":78},[64,40202,2023],{"class":357},[64,40204,112],{"class":78},[64,40206,2686],{"class":320},[64,40208,40209],{"class":329},"  8.5  ",[64,40211,2686],{"class":320},[64,40213,471],{"class":78},[20,40215,384],{},[55,40217,40219],{"className":57,"code":40218,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"8.5\n",[15,40220,40221],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,40222,40223],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40224,40218],{"class":82},[428,40226,40228],{"id":40227},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40230,40231],{},"Boolean values also work:",[55,40233,40235],{"className":57,"code":40234,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40236,40237,40251],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,40238,40239,40241,40243,40245,40247,40249],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40240,125],{"class":108},[64,40242,112],{"class":78},[64,40244,2023],{"class":357},[64,40246,112],{"class":78},[64,40248,47],{"class":338},[64,40250,471],{"class":78},[64,40252,40253,40255,40257,40259,40261,40263],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,40254,125],{"class":108},[64,40256,112],{"class":78},[64,40258,2023],{"class":357},[64,40260,112],{"class":78},[64,40262,147],{"class":338},[64,40264,471],{"class":78},[20,40266,384],{},[55,40268,40270],{"className":57,"code":40269,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40271,40272,40276],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,40273,40274],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40275,39815],{"class":82},[64,40277,40278],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,40279,40001],{"class":82},[428,40281,40283],{"id":40282},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40285,40286,40287,40289],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40288,2716],{}," returns a float version of it:",[55,40291,40293],{"className":57,"code":40292,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40294,40295],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,40296,40297,40299,40301,40303,40305,40307],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40298,125],{"class":108},[64,40300,112],{"class":78},[64,40302,2023],{"class":357},[64,40304,112],{"class":78},[64,40306,2192],{"class":82},[64,40308,471],{"class":78},[20,40310,384],{},[55,40312,40313],{"className":57,"code":2216,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,40314,40315],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,40316,40317],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40318,2216],{"class":82},[50,40320,40322],{"id":40321},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40324,40325,40326,148],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40327,2716],{},[428,40329,40331],{"id":40330},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40333,40334,40335,160],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40336,40337],{},"ValueError",[55,40339,40341],{"className":57,"code":40340,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40342,40343],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,40344,40345,40347,40349,40351,40353,40355,40357,40359],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40346,125],{"class":108},[64,40348,112],{"class":78},[64,40350,2023],{"class":357},[64,40352,112],{"class":78},[64,40354,2686],{"class":320},[64,40356,330],{"class":329},[64,40358,2686],{"class":320},[64,40360,471],{"class":78},[20,40362,29305],{},[55,40364,40366],{"className":57,"code":40365,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40367,40368],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,40369,40370,40372,40374,40377,40379,40382,40384,40386,40388,40390],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40371,40337],{"class":357},[64,40373,160],{"class":78},[64,40375,40376],{"class":70}," could ",[64,40378,1138],{"class":74},[64,40380,40381],{"class":70}," convert string to ",[64,40383,2023],{"class":357},[64,40385,160],{"class":78},[64,40387,326],{"class":320},[64,40389,330],{"class":329},[64,40391,29324],{"class":320},[20,40393,40394],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[55,40396,40398],{"className":57,"code":40397,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40399,40400],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,40401,40402,40404,40406,40408,40410,40412],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40403,125],{"class":108},[64,40405,112],{"class":78},[64,40407,2023],{"class":357},[64,40409,112],{"class":78},[64,40411,5867],{"class":320},[64,40413,471],{"class":78},[428,40415,40417],{"id":40416},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40419,40420],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[55,40422,40424],{"className":57,"code":40423,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40425,40426],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,40427,40428,40430,40432,40434,40436,40438,40440,40442,40444,40446],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40429,125],{"class":108},[64,40431,112],{"class":78},[64,40433,2023],{"class":357},[64,40435,354],{"class":78},[64,40437,83],{"class":82},[64,40439,86],{"class":78},[64,40441,89],{"class":82},[64,40443,86],{"class":78},[64,40445,94],{"class":82},[64,40447,1081],{"class":78},[20,40449,29305],{},[55,40451,40453],{"className":57,"code":40452,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40454,40455],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,40456,40457,40459,40461,40463,40465,40468,40471,40474,40476,40478,40480,40482],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40458,2835],{"class":357},[64,40460,160],{"class":78},[64,40462,39888],{"class":357},[64,40464,6964],{"class":78},[64,40466,40467],{"class":70}," argument must be a string ",[64,40469,40470],{"class":74},"or",[64,40472,40473],{"class":70}," a real number",[64,40475,86],{"class":78},[64,40477,7701],{"class":74},[64,40479,326],{"class":320},[64,40481,7695],{"class":329},[64,40483,29324],{"class":320},[428,40485,40487],{"id":40486},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40489,40490],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[55,40492,40494],{"className":57,"code":40493,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40495,40496],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,40497,40498,40500,40502,40504,40506,40508,40511,40513],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40499,125],{"class":108},[64,40501,112],{"class":78},[64,40503,2023],{"class":357},[64,40505,112],{"class":78},[64,40507,2686],{"class":320},[64,40509,40510],{"class":329},"3,14",[64,40512,2686],{"class":320},[64,40514,471],{"class":78},[20,40516,2832,40517,148],{},[15,40518,40337],{},[20,40520,40521,40522,896,40526,148],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[285,40523,40525],{"href":40524},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[285,40527,40529],{"href":40528},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[50,40531,17037],{"id":17036},[20,40533,40534,40536],{},[15,40535,2716],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40538,40539,40540,40542],{},"It does ",[221,40541,1138],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40544,916],{},[55,40546,40548],{"className":57,"code":40547,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40549,40550,40563,40577,40581,40591,40601,40615],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,40551,40552,40554,40556,40558,40561],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40553,34315],{"class":70},[64,40555,75],{"class":74},[64,40557,3184],{"class":320},[64,40559,40560],{"class":329},"6.5",[64,40562,3190],{"class":320},[64,40564,40565,40567,40569,40571,40573,40575],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,40566,2048],{"class":70},[64,40568,75],{"class":74},[64,40570,39888],{"class":357},[64,40572,112],{"class":78},[64,40574,34336],{"class":115},[64,40576,119],{"class":78},[64,40578,40579],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,40580,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,40582,40583,40585,40587,40589],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,40584,125],{"class":108},[64,40586,112],{"class":78},[64,40588,34336],{"class":115},[64,40590,119],{"class":78},[64,40592,40593,40595,40597,40599],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,40594,125],{"class":108},[64,40596,112],{"class":78},[64,40598,2069],{"class":115},[64,40600,119],{"class":78},[64,40602,40603,40605,40607,40609,40611,40613],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,40604,125],{"class":108},[64,40606,112],{"class":78},[64,40608,3052],{"class":357},[64,40610,112],{"class":78},[64,40612,34336],{"class":115},[64,40614,471],{"class":78},[64,40616,40617,40619,40621,40623,40625,40627],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,40618,125],{"class":108},[64,40620,112],{"class":78},[64,40622,3052],{"class":357},[64,40624,112],{"class":78},[64,40626,2069],{"class":115},[64,40628,471],{"class":78},[20,40630,384],{},[55,40632,40634],{"className":57,"code":40633,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40635,40636,40641,40645,40659],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,40637,40638],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40639,40640],{"class":82},"6.5\n",[64,40642,40643],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,40644,40640],{"class":82},[64,40646,40647,40649,40651,40653,40655,40657],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,40648,3121],{"class":74},[64,40650,3124],{"class":1895},[64,40652,326],{"class":320},[64,40654,3276],{"class":329},[64,40656,333],{"class":320},[64,40658,3133],{"class":74},[64,40660,40661,40663,40665,40667,40669,40671],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,40662,3121],{"class":74},[64,40664,3124],{"class":1895},[64,40666,326],{"class":320},[64,40668,2023],{"class":329},[64,40670,333],{"class":320},[64,40672,3133],{"class":74},[20,40674,40675],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[50,40677,40679],{"id":40678},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[428,40681,40683,40684,40686],{"id":40682},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40685,2790],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40688,1808,40689,40693,40694,148],{},[285,40690,40691,2132],{"href":7821},[15,40692,2790],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40695,2716],{},[55,40697,40699],{"className":57,"code":40698,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40700,40701,40720,40734,40738],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,40702,40703,40705,40707,40709,40711,40713,40716,40718],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40704,7839],{"class":70},[64,40706,75],{"class":74},[64,40708,7844],{"class":108},[64,40710,112],{"class":78},[64,40712,2686],{"class":320},[64,40714,40715],{"class":329},"Enter a price: ",[64,40717,2686],{"class":320},[64,40719,119],{"class":78},[64,40721,40722,40724,40726,40728,40730,40732],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,40723,40020],{"class":70},[64,40725,75],{"class":74},[64,40727,39888],{"class":357},[64,40729,112],{"class":78},[64,40731,7868],{"class":115},[64,40733,119],{"class":78},[64,40735,40736],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,40737,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,40739,40740,40742,40744,40746,40748,40750],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,40741,125],{"class":108},[64,40743,112],{"class":78},[64,40745,40020],{"class":115},[64,40747,39505],{"class":74},[64,40749,89],{"class":82},[64,40751,119],{"class":78},[20,40753,40754,40755,40758],{},"If the user enters ",[15,40756,40757],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[55,40760,40762],{"className":57,"code":40761,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"9.0\n",[15,40763,40764],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,40765,40766],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40767,40761],{"class":82},[20,40769,40770,40771,148],{},"For more help with this, see ",[285,40772,8586],{"href":8585},[428,40774,40776],{"id":40775},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[55,40778,40780],{"className":57,"code":40779,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,40781,40782,40795,40808,40812,40837],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,40783,40784,40786,40788,40790,40793],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40785,2384],{"class":70},[64,40787,75],{"class":74},[64,40789,3184],{"class":320},[64,40791,40792],{"class":329},"2.5",[64,40794,3190],{"class":320},[64,40796,40797,40799,40801,40803,40806],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,40798,2412],{"class":70},[64,40800,75],{"class":74},[64,40802,3184],{"class":320},[64,40804,40805],{"class":329},"1.5",[64,40807,3190],{"class":320},[64,40809,40810],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,40811,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,40813,40814,40817,40819,40821,40823,40825,40827,40829,40831,40833,40835],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,40815,40816],{"class":70},"total ",[64,40818,75],{"class":74},[64,40820,39888],{"class":357},[64,40822,112],{"class":78},[64,40824,285],{"class":115},[64,40826,133],{"class":78},[64,40828,2283],{"class":74},[64,40830,39888],{"class":357},[64,40832,112],{"class":78},[64,40834,1269],{"class":115},[64,40836,119],{"class":78},[64,40838,40839,40841,40843,40846],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,40840,125],{"class":108},[64,40842,112],{"class":78},[64,40844,40845],{"class":115},"total",[64,40847,119],{"class":78},[20,40849,384],{},[55,40851,40853],{"className":57,"code":40852,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"4.0\n",[15,40854,40855],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,40856,40857],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40858,40852],{"class":82},[428,40860,40862],{"id":40861},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,40864,40865],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[55,40867,40869],{"className":57,"code":40868,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,40870,40871,40881,40896,40900],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,40872,40873,40876,40878],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40874,40875],{"class":70},"count ",[64,40877,75],{"class":74},[64,40879,40880],{"class":82}," 7\n",[64,40882,40883,40885,40887,40889,40891,40894],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,40884,103],{"class":70},[64,40886,75],{"class":74},[64,40888,39888],{"class":357},[64,40890,112],{"class":78},[64,40892,40893],{"class":115},"count",[64,40895,119],{"class":78},[64,40897,40898],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,40899,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,40901,40902,40904,40906,40908],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,40903,125],{"class":108},[64,40905,112],{"class":78},[64,40907,130],{"class":115},[64,40909,119],{"class":78},[20,40911,384],{},[55,40913,40915],{"className":57,"code":40914,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"7.0\n",[15,40916,40917],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,40918,40919],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40920,40914],{"class":82},[428,40922,40924],{"id":40923},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,40926,40927,40928,40930],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,40929,2716],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[55,40932,40934],{"className":57,"code":40933,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,40935,40936,40950,40966,40970],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,40937,40938,40941,40943,40945,40948],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,40939,40940],{"class":70},"temperature_text ",[64,40942,75],{"class":74},[64,40944,3184],{"class":320},[64,40946,40947],{"class":329},"21.8",[64,40949,3190],{"class":320},[64,40951,40952,40955,40957,40959,40961,40964],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,40953,40954],{"class":70},"temperature ",[64,40956,75],{"class":74},[64,40958,39888],{"class":357},[64,40960,112],{"class":78},[64,40962,40963],{"class":115},"temperature_text",[64,40965,119],{"class":78},[64,40967,40968],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,40969,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,40971,40972,40974,40976,40979],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,40973,125],{"class":108},[64,40975,112],{"class":78},[64,40977,40978],{"class":115},"temperature",[64,40980,119],{"class":78},[50,40982,40984],{"id":40983},"special-values","Special values",[20,40986,40987,40989],{},[15,40988,2716],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[428,40991,40993],{"id":40992},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[55,40995,40997],{"className":57,"code":40996,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,40998,40999],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,41000,41001,41003,41005,41007,41009,41011,41014,41016],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41002,125],{"class":108},[64,41004,112],{"class":78},[64,41006,2023],{"class":357},[64,41008,112],{"class":78},[64,41010,2686],{"class":320},[64,41012,41013],{"class":329},"inf",[64,41015,2686],{"class":320},[64,41017,471],{"class":78},[20,41019,384],{},[55,41021,41023],{"className":57,"code":41022,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"inf\n",[15,41024,41025],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,41026,41027],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41028,41022],{"class":70},[428,41030,41032],{"id":41031},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[55,41034,41036],{"className":57,"code":41035,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41037,41038],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,41039,41040,41042,41044,41046,41048,41050,41053,41055],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41041,125],{"class":108},[64,41043,112],{"class":78},[64,41045,2023],{"class":357},[64,41047,112],{"class":78},[64,41049,2686],{"class":320},[64,41051,41052],{"class":329},"-inf",[64,41054,2686],{"class":320},[64,41056,471],{"class":78},[20,41058,384],{},[55,41060,41062],{"className":57,"code":41061,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"-inf\n",[15,41063,41064],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,41065,41066,41068],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41067,1852],{"class":74},[64,41069,41022],{"class":70},[428,41071,41073],{"id":41072},"not-a-number","Not a number",[55,41075,41077],{"className":57,"code":41076,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41078,41079],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,41080,41081,41083,41085,41087,41089,41091,41094,41096],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41082,125],{"class":108},[64,41084,112],{"class":78},[64,41086,2023],{"class":357},[64,41088,112],{"class":78},[64,41090,2686],{"class":320},[64,41092,41093],{"class":329},"nan",[64,41095,2686],{"class":320},[64,41097,471],{"class":78},[20,41099,384],{},[55,41101,41103],{"className":57,"code":41102,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"nan\n",[15,41104,41105],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,41106,41107],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41108,41102],{"class":70},[20,41110,41111],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[30,41113,41114,41119,41124],{},[33,41115,41116,41118],{},[15,41117,41013],{}," means positive infinity",[33,41120,41121,41123],{},[15,41122,41052],{}," means negative infinity",[33,41125,41126,41128],{},[15,41127,41093],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41130,41131,41132,41134],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41133,2716],{}," accepts them.",[50,41136,41138],{"id":41137},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41140,41141,41142,41144],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41143,2716],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[428,41146,40337],{"id":41147},"valueerror",[20,41149,14805,41150,41152],{},[15,41151,40337],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41154,41155],{},"Common causes:",[30,41157,41158,41164,41167,41170],{},[33,41159,41160,41161],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41162,41163],{},"\"abc\"",[33,41165,41166],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[33,41168,41169],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[33,41171,1212,41172],{},[285,41173,41174,41176],{"href":7821},[15,41175,2790],{}," returns a string",[20,41178,916],{},[55,41180,41182],{"className":57,"code":41181,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41183,41184,41197],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,41185,41186,41188,41190,41192,41195],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41187,2276],{"class":70},[64,41189,75],{"class":74},[64,41191,3184],{"class":320},[64,41193,41194],{"class":329},"abc",[64,41196,3190],{"class":320},[64,41198,41199,41201,41203,41205,41207,41209],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,41200,125],{"class":108},[64,41202,112],{"class":78},[64,41204,2023],{"class":357},[64,41206,112],{"class":78},[64,41208,2302],{"class":115},[64,41210,471],{"class":78},[428,41212,2835],{"id":41213},"typeerror",[20,41215,14805,41216,41218],{},[15,41217,2835],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41220,41155],{},[30,41222,41223,41226,41229],{},[33,41224,41225],{},"Passing a list",[33,41227,41228],{},"Passing a dictionary",[33,41230,41231],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41233,916],{},[55,41235,41237],{"className":57,"code":41236,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41238,41239,41264],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,41240,41241,41243,41245,41247,41249,41251,41253,41255,41257,41260,41262],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41242,2276],{"class":70},[64,41244,75],{"class":74},[64,41246,10098],{"class":78},[64,41248,2686],{"class":320},[64,41250,24772],{"class":329},[64,41252,2686],{"class":320},[64,41254,160],{"class":78},[64,41256,3184],{"class":320},[64,41258,41259],{"class":329},"9.99",[64,41261,2686],{"class":320},[64,41263,8915],{"class":78},[64,41265,41266,41268,41270,41272,41274,41276],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,41267,125],{"class":108},[64,41269,112],{"class":78},[64,41271,2023],{"class":357},[64,41273,112],{"class":78},[64,41275,2302],{"class":115},[64,41277,471],{"class":78},[428,41279,41281],{"id":41280},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41283,41284,41285,41288],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41286,41287],{},"strip()"," can help:",[55,41290,41292],{"className":57,"code":41291,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41293,41294,41307,41322,41326],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,41295,41296,41298,41300,41302,41305],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41297,2276],{"class":70},[64,41299,75],{"class":74},[64,41301,3184],{"class":320},[64,41303,41304],{"class":329},"  7.25  ",[64,41306,3190],{"class":320},[64,41308,41309,41312,41314,41316,41318,41320],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,41310,41311],{"class":70},"clean_value ",[64,41313,75],{"class":74},[64,41315,8036],{"class":70},[64,41317,148],{"class":78},[64,41319,8238],{"class":115},[64,41321,8247],{"class":78},[64,41323,41324],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,41325,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,41327,41328,41330,41332,41334,41336,41339],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,41329,125],{"class":108},[64,41331,112],{"class":78},[64,41333,2023],{"class":357},[64,41335,112],{"class":78},[64,41337,41338],{"class":115},"clean_value",[64,41340,471],{"class":78},[20,41342,384],{},[55,41344,41346],{"className":57,"code":41345,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"7.25\n",[15,41347,41348],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,41349,41350],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41351,41345],{"class":82},[428,41353,41355],{"id":41354},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41357,41358],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[55,41360,41362],{"className":57,"code":41361,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41363,41364,41377,41381,41391,41405,41420,41424,41438],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,41365,41366,41368,41370,41372,41375],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41367,2276],{"class":70},[64,41369,75],{"class":74},[64,41371,3184],{"class":320},[64,41373,41374],{"class":329}," 3.5 ",[64,41376,3190],{"class":320},[64,41378,41379],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,41380,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,41382,41383,41385,41387,41389],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,41384,125],{"class":108},[64,41386,112],{"class":78},[64,41388,2302],{"class":115},[64,41390,119],{"class":78},[64,41392,41393,41395,41397,41399,41401,41403],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,41394,125],{"class":108},[64,41396,112],{"class":78},[64,41398,3052],{"class":357},[64,41400,112],{"class":78},[64,41402,2302],{"class":115},[64,41404,471],{"class":78},[64,41406,41407,41409,41411,41414,41416,41418],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,41408,125],{"class":108},[64,41410,112],{"class":78},[64,41412,41413],{"class":108},"repr",[64,41415,112],{"class":78},[64,41417,2302],{"class":115},[64,41419,471],{"class":78},[64,41421,41422],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,41423,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,41425,41426,41428,41430,41432,41434,41436],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,41427,41311],{"class":70},[64,41429,75],{"class":74},[64,41431,8036],{"class":70},[64,41433,148],{"class":78},[64,41435,8238],{"class":115},[64,41437,8247],{"class":78},[64,41439,41440,41442,41444,41446,41448,41450],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,41441,125],{"class":108},[64,41443,112],{"class":78},[64,41445,2023],{"class":357},[64,41447,112],{"class":78},[64,41449,41338],{"class":115},[64,41451,471],{"class":78},[20,41453,41454],{},"Why this helps:",[30,41456,41457,41463,41468,41474],{},[33,41458,41459,41462],{},[15,41460,41461],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[33,41464,41465,20988],{},[15,41466,41467],{},"print(type(value))",[33,41469,41470,41473],{},[15,41471,41472],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[33,41475,41476,41478],{},[15,41477,41287],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[428,41480,41482],{"id":41481},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41484,41485],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[55,41487,41489],{"className":57,"code":41488,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41490,41491,41510,41514,41520,41535,41554,41563],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,41492,41493,41495,41497,41499,41501,41503,41506,41508],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41494,2276],{"class":70},[64,41496,75],{"class":74},[64,41498,7844],{"class":108},[64,41500,112],{"class":78},[64,41502,2686],{"class":320},[64,41504,41505],{"class":329},"Enter a number: ",[64,41507,2686],{"class":320},[64,41509,119],{"class":78},[64,41511,41512],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,41513,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,41515,41516,41518],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,41517,29428],{"class":368},[64,41519,5989],{"class":78},[64,41521,41522,41525,41527,41529,41531,41533],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,41523,41524],{"class":70},"    number ",[64,41526,75],{"class":74},[64,41528,39888],{"class":357},[64,41530,112],{"class":78},[64,41532,2302],{"class":115},[64,41534,119],{"class":78},[64,41536,41537,41539,41541,41543,41546,41548,41550,41552],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,41538,7670],{"class":108},[64,41540,112],{"class":78},[64,41542,2686],{"class":320},[64,41544,41545],{"class":329},"Converted:",[64,41547,2686],{"class":320},[64,41549,86],{"class":78},[64,41551,2028],{"class":115},[64,41553,119],{"class":78},[64,41555,41556,41558,41561],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,41557,29459],{"class":368},[64,41559,41560],{"class":357}," ValueError",[64,41562,5989],{"class":78},[64,41564,41565,41567,41569,41571,41574,41576],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,41566,7670],{"class":108},[64,41568,112],{"class":78},[64,41570,2686],{"class":320},[64,41572,41573],{"class":329},"That is not a valid number.",[64,41575,2686],{"class":320},[64,41577,119],{"class":78},[20,41579,41580,41581,148],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[285,41582,40529],{"href":40528},[50,41584,41586],{"id":41585},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41588,10198,41589,896,41591,41593],{},[15,41590,2716],{},[15,41592,2710],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41595,41596,41598],{},[15,41597,2716],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[55,41600,41602],{"className":57,"code":41601,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41603,41604],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,41605,41606,41608,41610,41612,41614,41616,41619,41621],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41607,125],{"class":108},[64,41609,112],{"class":78},[64,41611,2023],{"class":357},[64,41613,112],{"class":78},[64,41615,2686],{"class":320},[64,41617,41618],{"class":329},"3.9",[64,41620,2686],{"class":320},[64,41622,471],{"class":78},[20,41624,384],{},[55,41626,41628],{"className":57,"code":41627,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"3.9\n",[15,41629,41630],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,41631,41632],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41633,41627],{"class":82},[20,41635,41636,41638],{},[15,41637,2710],{}," creates whole numbers:",[55,41640,41642],{"className":57,"code":41641,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41643,41644],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,41645,41646,41648,41650,41652,41654,41656,41658,41660],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41647,125],{"class":108},[64,41649,112],{"class":78},[64,41651,2019],{"class":357},[64,41653,112],{"class":78},[64,41655,2686],{"class":320},[64,41657,2160],{"class":329},[64,41659,2686],{"class":320},[64,41661,471],{"class":78},[20,41663,384],{},[55,41665,41666],{"className":57,"code":2206,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,41667,41668],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,41669,41670],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41671,2206],{"class":82},[20,41673,41674,41675,41678],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41676,41677],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[55,41680,41682],{"className":57,"code":41681,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41683,41684],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,41685,41686,41688,41690,41692,41694,41696,41698,41700],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41687,125],{"class":108},[64,41689,112],{"class":78},[64,41691,2019],{"class":357},[64,41693,112],{"class":78},[64,41695,2686],{"class":320},[64,41697,41618],{"class":329},[64,41699,2686],{"class":320},[64,41701,471],{"class":78},[20,41703,2832,41704,8205,41706,41709],{},[15,41705,40337],{},[15,41707,41708],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,41711,10321],{},[30,41713,41714,41720],{},[33,41715,41716,41719],{},[15,41717,41718],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[33,41721,41722,41724],{},[15,41723,41677],{}," fails",[20,41726,41727,41728,41731,41732,41734],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[285,41729,41730],{"href":2707},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[285,41733,2249],{"href":2248}," helpful.",[50,41736,1651],{"id":1650},[428,41738,41740],{"id":41739},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,41742,41743,41744,212,41746,148],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,41745,2321],{},[15,41747,39776],{},[428,41749,41751],{"id":41750},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,41753,41754,41755,212,41758,148],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,41756,41757],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,41759,41760],{},"\"10\"",[428,41762,41764],{"id":41763},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,41766,28685,41767,41769,41770,148],{},[15,41768,41163],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,41771,40337],{},[428,41773,41775],{"id":41774},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,41777,1661,41778,148],{},[15,41779,248],{},[428,41781,41783],{"id":41782},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,41785,41786,41787,41789,41790,896,41793,41789,41795,148],{},"Yes. ",[15,41788,47],{}," becomes ",[15,41791,41792],{},"1.0",[15,41794,147],{},[15,41796,248],{},[50,41798,1717],{"id":1716},[30,41800,41801,41805,41811,41816,41820,41824],{},[33,41802,41803],{},[285,41804,41730],{"href":2707},[33,41806,41807],{},[285,41808,41810],{"href":41809},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[33,41812,41813],{},[285,41814,41815],{"href":40524},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[33,41817,41818],{},[285,41819,8663],{"href":8585},[33,41821,41822],{},[285,41823,40529],{"href":40528},[33,41825,41826],{},[285,41827,41828],{"href":7821},"Python input() Function Explained",[1751,41830,41831],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":41833},[41834,41835,41836,41837,41844,41849,41850,41857,41862,41869,41870,41877],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":39823,"depth":100,"text":39824},{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":40048,"depth":100,"text":40049,"children":41838},[41839,41840,41841,41842,41843],{"id":40057,"depth":122,"text":40058},{"id":40121,"depth":122,"text":40122},{"id":40185,"depth":122,"text":40186},{"id":40227,"depth":122,"text":40228},{"id":40282,"depth":122,"text":40283},{"id":40321,"depth":100,"text":40322,"children":41845},[41846,41847,41848],{"id":40330,"depth":122,"text":40331},{"id":40416,"depth":122,"text":40417},{"id":40486,"depth":122,"text":40487},{"id":17036,"depth":100,"text":17037},{"id":40678,"depth":100,"text":40679,"children":41851},[41852,41854,41855,41856],{"id":40682,"depth":122,"text":41853},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40775,"depth":122,"text":40776},{"id":40861,"depth":122,"text":40862},{"id":40923,"depth":122,"text":40924},{"id":40983,"depth":100,"text":40984,"children":41858},[41859,41860,41861],{"id":40992,"depth":122,"text":40993},{"id":41031,"depth":122,"text":41032},{"id":41072,"depth":122,"text":41073},{"id":41137,"depth":100,"text":41138,"children":41863},[41864,41865,41866,41867,41868],{"id":41147,"depth":122,"text":40337},{"id":41213,"depth":122,"text":2835},{"id":41280,"depth":122,"text":41281},{"id":41354,"depth":122,"text":41355},{"id":41481,"depth":122,"text":41482},{"id":41585,"depth":100,"text":41586},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":41871},[41872,41873,41874,41875,41876],{"id":41739,"depth":122,"text":41740},{"id":41750,"depth":122,"text":41751},{"id":41763,"depth":122,"text":41764},{"id":41774,"depth":122,"text":41775},{"id":41782,"depth":122,"text":41783},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39724,"description":41878},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":41885,"title":41886,"body":41887,"description":43108,"extension":1791,"meta":43109,"navigation":346,"path":34652,"seo":43110,"stem":43111,"__hash__":43112},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":41888,"toc":43074},[41889,41892,41897,41900,41902,41941,41955,41959,41964,41967,41984,41987,41997,42012,42015,42017,42020,42036,42039,42042,42062,42066,42077,42080,42084,42088,42102,42137,42141,42152,42187,42190,42192,42200,42233,42249,42251,42261,42282,42293,42295,42300,42303,42317,42319,42338,42341,42354,42357,42361,42365,42379,42382,42400,42403,42418,42422,42427,42441,42447,42449,42506,42508,42541,42544,42560,42564,42571,42575,42580,42583,42594,42598,42603,42618,42627,42632,42651,42654,42666,42668,42673,42683,42686,42715,42720,42729,42733,42738,42741,42745,42750,42752,42782,42785,42792,42797,42802,42806,42809,42817,42820,42898,42901,42923,42925,42929,42932,42936,42942,43005,43009,43017,43021,43024,43026,43051,43071],[10,41890,41886],{"id":41891},"python-help-function-explained",[20,41893,22,41894,41896],{},[15,41895,34655],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,41898,41899],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[50,41901,1833],{"id":1832},[55,41903,41905],{"className":57,"code":41904,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,41906,41907,41917,41927],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,41908,41909,41911,41913,41915],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,41910,31778],{"class":108},[64,41912,112],{"class":78},[64,41914,10771],{"class":108},[64,41916,119],{"class":78},[64,41918,41919,41921,41923,41925],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,41920,31778],{"class":108},[64,41922,112],{"class":78},[64,41924,3276],{"class":357},[64,41926,119],{"class":78},[64,41928,41929,41931,41933,41935,41937,41939],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,41930,31778],{"class":108},[64,41932,112],{"class":78},[64,41934,333],{"class":320},[64,41936,34286],{"class":329},[64,41938,333],{"class":320},[64,41940,119],{"class":78},[20,41942,1923,41943,41945,41946,212,41948,41950,41951,41954],{},[15,41944,34655],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,41947,10771],{},[15,41949,3276],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,41952,41953],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[50,41956,41958],{"id":41957},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,41960,41961,41963],{},[15,41962,34655],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,41965,41966],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[30,41968,41969,41972,41975,41978,41981],{},[33,41970,41971],{},"Functions",[33,41973,41974],{},"Classes",[33,41976,41977],{},"Methods",[33,41979,41980],{},"Modules",[33,41982,41983],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,41985,41986],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,41988,41989,41990,41996],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[285,41991,41993],{"href":41992},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,41994,41995],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[55,41998,42000],{"className":57,"code":41999,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"help(len)\n",[15,42001,42002],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,42003,42004,42006,42008,42010],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42005,31778],{"class":108},[64,42007,112],{"class":78},[64,42009,10771],{"class":108},[64,42011,119],{"class":78},[20,42013,42014],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[50,42016,1988],{"id":1987},[20,42018,42019],{},"The main form is:",[55,42021,42023],{"className":57,"code":42022,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"help(object)\n",[15,42024,42025],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,42026,42027,42029,42031,42034],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42028,31778],{"class":108},[64,42030,112],{"class":78},[64,42032,42033],{"class":357},"object",[64,42035,119],{"class":78},[20,42037,42038],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42040,42041],{},"Common examples include:",[30,42043,42044,42048,42053,42057],{},[33,42045,42046],{},[15,42047,10771],{},[33,42049,42050],{},[15,42051,42052],{},"list.append",[33,42054,42055],{},[15,42056,3276],{},[33,42058,42059],{},[15,42060,42061],{},"open",[20,42063,6773,42064,6776],{},[15,42065,34655],{},[55,42067,42069],{"className":57,"code":42068,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"help()\n",[15,42070,42071],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,42072,42073,42075],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42074,31778],{"class":108},[64,42076,8247],{"class":78},[20,42078,42079],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[50,42081,42083],{"id":42082},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[428,42085,42087],{"id":42086},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42089,42090,42091,2020,42093,2020,42095,16690,42098,148],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42092,10771],{},[15,42094,125],{},[15,42096,42097],{},"input",[285,42099,42100],{"href":2128},[15,42101,2131],{},[55,42103,42105],{"className":57,"code":42104,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42106,42107,42117,42127],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,42108,42109,42111,42113,42115],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42110,31778],{"class":108},[64,42112,112],{"class":78},[64,42114,125],{"class":108},[64,42116,119],{"class":78},[64,42118,42119,42121,42123,42125],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,42120,31778],{"class":108},[64,42122,112],{"class":78},[64,42124,42097],{"class":108},[64,42126,119],{"class":78},[64,42128,42129,42131,42133,42135],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,42130,31778],{"class":108},[64,42132,112],{"class":78},[64,42134,3052],{"class":357},[64,42136,119],{"class":78},[428,42138,42140],{"id":42139},"data-types","Data types",[20,42142,42143,42144,2020,42146,2020,42148,16690,42150,148],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42145,3276],{},[15,42147,7695],{},[15,42149,8426],{},[15,42151,5882],{},[55,42153,42155],{"className":57,"code":42154,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42156,42157,42167,42177],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,42158,42159,42161,42163,42165],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42160,31778],{"class":108},[64,42162,112],{"class":78},[64,42164,3276],{"class":357},[64,42166,119],{"class":78},[64,42168,42169,42171,42173,42175],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,42170,31778],{"class":108},[64,42172,112],{"class":78},[64,42174,7695],{"class":357},[64,42176,119],{"class":78},[64,42178,42179,42181,42183,42185],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,42180,31778],{"class":108},[64,42182,112],{"class":78},[64,42184,8426],{"class":357},[64,42186,119],{"class":78},[20,42188,42189],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[428,42191,41977],{"id":34133},[20,42193,42194,42195,896,42198,148],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42196,42197],{},"str.split",[15,42199,42052],{},[55,42201,42203],{"className":57,"code":42202,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42204,42205,42219],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,42206,42207,42209,42211,42213,42215,42217],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42208,31778],{"class":108},[64,42210,112],{"class":78},[64,42212,3276],{"class":357},[64,42214,148],{"class":78},[64,42216,34096],{"class":24372},[64,42218,119],{"class":78},[64,42220,42221,42223,42225,42227,42229,42231],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,42222,31778],{"class":108},[64,42224,112],{"class":78},[64,42226,7695],{"class":357},[64,42228,148],{"class":78},[64,42230,13168],{"class":24372},[64,42232,119],{"class":78},[20,42234,42235,42236,8309,42238,27937,42243,42245,42246,42248],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42237,34655],{},[285,42239,42241],{"href":42240},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42242,33938],{},[15,42244,33938],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42247,34655],{}," explains one of them.",[428,42250,41980],{"id":34286},[20,42252,42253,42254,2020,42256,16690,42258,148],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42255,18036],{},[15,42257,34818],{},[15,42259,42260],{},"os",[55,42262,42264],{"className":57,"code":42263,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42265,42266,42272],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,42267,42268,42270],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42269,34719],{"class":368},[64,42271,34722],{"class":70},[64,42273,42274,42276,42278,42280],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,42275,31778],{"class":108},[64,42277,112],{"class":78},[64,42279,18036],{"class":115},[64,42281,119],{"class":78},[20,42283,42284,42285,42289,42290,148],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[285,42286,42288],{"href":42287},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[285,42291,34785],{"href":42292},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[50,42294,34546],{"id":34545},[20,42296,42297,42299],{},[15,42298,34655],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42301,42302],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[30,42304,42305,42308,42311,42314],{},[33,42306,42307],{},"The function signature",[33,42309,42310],{},"The short description",[33,42312,42313],{},"Parameter names",[33,42315,42316],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42318,5065],{},[55,42320,42322],{"className":57,"code":42321,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42323,42324],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,42325,42326,42328,42330,42332,42334,42336],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42327,31778],{"class":108},[64,42329,112],{"class":78},[64,42331,3276],{"class":357},[64,42333,148],{"class":78},[64,42335,34096],{"class":24372},[64,42337,119],{"class":78},[20,42339,42340],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[30,42342,42343,42346,42349,42351],{},[33,42344,42345],{},"What object this is",[33,42347,42348],{},"What arguments it accepts",[33,42350,21591],{},[33,42352,42353],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42355,42356],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[50,42358,42360],{"id":42359},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42362,42363,29498],{},[15,42364,34655],{},[30,42366,42367,42370,42373,42376],{},[33,42368,42369],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[33,42371,42372],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[33,42374,42375],{},"You are exploring a new module",[33,42377,42378],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42380,42381],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[55,42383,42384],{"className":57,"code":42321,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,42385,42386],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,42387,42388,42390,42392,42394,42396,42398],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42389,31778],{"class":108},[64,42391,112],{"class":78},[64,42393,3276],{"class":357},[64,42395,148],{"class":78},[64,42397,34096],{"class":24372},[64,42399,119],{"class":78},[20,42401,42402],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[55,42404,42406],{"className":57,"code":42405,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"help(open)\n",[15,42407,42408],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,42409,42410,42412,42414,42416],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42411,31778],{"class":108},[64,42413,112],{"class":78},[64,42415,42061],{"class":108},[64,42417,119],{"class":78},[50,42419,42421],{"id":42420},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42423,42424,42426],{},[15,42425,34655],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[30,42428,42429,42432,42435,42438],{},[33,42430,42431],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[33,42433,42434],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[33,42436,42437],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[33,42439,42440],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42442,42443,42444,42446],{},"So, ",[15,42445,34655],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42448,5065],{},[55,42450,42452],{"className":57,"code":42451,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42453,42454,42467,42491,42495],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,42455,42456,42458,42460,42462,42465],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42457,34315],{"class":70},[64,42459,75],{"class":74},[64,42461,3184],{"class":320},[64,42463,42464],{"class":329},"a,b,c",[64,42466,3190],{"class":320},[64,42468,42469,42472,42474,42477,42479,42481,42483,42485,42487,42489],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,42470,42471],{"class":70},"parts ",[64,42473,75],{"class":74},[64,42475,42476],{"class":70}," text",[64,42478,148],{"class":78},[64,42480,34096],{"class":115},[64,42482,112],{"class":78},[64,42484,2686],{"class":320},[64,42486,86],{"class":329},[64,42488,2686],{"class":320},[64,42490,119],{"class":78},[64,42492,42493],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,42494,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,42496,42497,42499,42501,42504],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,42498,125],{"class":108},[64,42500,112],{"class":78},[64,42502,42503],{"class":115},"parts",[64,42505,119],{"class":78},[20,42507,5153],{},[55,42509,42511],{"className":57,"code":42510,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42512,42513],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,42514,42515,42517,42519,42521,42523,42525,42527,42529,42531,42533,42535,42537,42539],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42516,394],{"class":78},[64,42518,333],{"class":320},[64,42520,285],{"class":329},[64,42522,333],{"class":320},[64,42524,86],{"class":78},[64,42526,326],{"class":320},[64,42528,1269],{"class":329},[64,42530,333],{"class":320},[64,42532,86],{"class":78},[64,42534,326],{"class":320},[64,42536,9346],{"class":329},[64,42538,333],{"class":320},[64,42540,97],{"class":78},[20,42542,42543],{},"A good workflow is:",[28337,42545,42546,42551,42554,42557],{},[33,42547,1923,42548,42550],{},[15,42549,34655],{}," to inspect something",[33,42552,42553],{},"Write a tiny example",[33,42555,42556],{},"Check the result",[33,42558,42559],{},"Repeat",[50,42561,42563],{"id":42562},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42565,42566,896,42568,42570],{},[15,42567,34655],{},[15,42569,33938],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[428,42572,42573],{"id":31778},[15,42574,34655],{},[20,42576,1923,42577,42579],{},[15,42578,34655],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42581,42582],{},"It tells you:",[30,42584,42585,42588,42591],{},[33,42586,42587],{},"What something is",[33,42589,42590],{},"How to use it",[33,42592,42593],{},"What parameters it accepts",[428,42595,42596],{"id":33999},[15,42597,33938],{},[20,42599,1923,42600,42602],{},[15,42601,33938],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[55,42604,42606],{"className":57,"code":42605,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"dir(str)\n",[15,42607,42608],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,42609,42610,42612,42614,42616],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42611,33999],{"class":108},[64,42613,112],{"class":78},[64,42615,3276],{"class":357},[64,42617,119],{"class":78},[20,42619,42620,42621,2020,42623,16690,42625,148],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42622,34096],{},[15,42624,8238],{},[15,42626,8244],{},[20,42628,42629,42630,160],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42631,34655],{},[55,42633,42635],{"className":57,"code":42634,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42636,42637],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,42638,42639,42641,42643,42645,42647,42649],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42640,31778],{"class":108},[64,42642,112],{"class":78},[64,42644,3276],{"class":357},[64,42646,148],{"class":78},[64,42648,8244],{"class":24372},[64,42650,119],{"class":78},[20,42652,42653],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[30,42655,42656,42661],{},[33,42657,1923,42658,42660],{},[15,42659,33938],{}," to discover options",[33,42662,1923,42663,42665],{},[15,42664,34655],{}," to understand one option",[50,42667,2661],{"id":2660},[20,42669,42670,42671,148],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42672,34655],{},[428,42674,8020,42676,42679,42680],{"id":42675},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42677,42678],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42681,42682],{},"help(len)",[20,42684,42685],{},"These are not always the same.",[55,42687,42689],{"className":57,"code":42688,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42690,42691,42701],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,42692,42693,42695,42697,42699],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42694,31778],{"class":108},[64,42696,112],{"class":78},[64,42698,10771],{"class":108},[64,42700,119],{"class":78},[64,42702,42703,42705,42707,42709,42711,42713],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,42704,31778],{"class":108},[64,42706,112],{"class":78},[64,42708,333],{"class":320},[64,42710,10771],{"class":329},[64,42712,333],{"class":320},[64,42714,119],{"class":78},[20,42716,42717,42719],{},[15,42718,42682],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,42721,42722,42724,42725,42728],{},[15,42723,42678],{}," treats ",[15,42726,42727],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[428,42730,42732],{"id":42731},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,42734,42735,42737],{},[15,42736,34655],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,42739,42740],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[428,42742,42744],{"id":42743},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,42746,39976,42747,42749],{},[15,42748,34655],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,42751,916],{},[55,42753,42755],{"className":57,"code":42754,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,42756,42757,42767],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,42758,42759,42761,42763,42765],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42760,31778],{"class":108},[64,42762,112],{"class":78},[64,42764,10771],{"class":108},[64,42766,119],{"class":78},[64,42768,42769,42771,42773,42775,42778,42780],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,42770,125],{"class":108},[64,42772,112],{"class":78},[64,42774,2686],{"class":320},[64,42776,42777],{"class":329},"Done",[64,42779,2686],{"class":320},[64,42781,119],{"class":78},[20,42783,42784],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[428,42786,36835,42788,8309,42790],{"id":42787},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,42789,34655],{},[15,42791,33938],{},[20,42793,42794,42795,148],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,42796,33938],{},[20,42798,42799,42800,148],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,42801,34655],{},[50,42803,42805],{"id":42804},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,42807,42808],{},"Open Python:",[55,42810,42811],{"className":57,"code":35171,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,42812,42813],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,42814,42815],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42816,35171],{"class":70},[20,42818,42819],{},"Then test these commands:",[55,42821,42823],{"className":57,"code":42822,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,42824,42825,42835,42849,42863,42873,42888],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,42826,42827,42829,42831,42833],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42828,31778],{"class":108},[64,42830,112],{"class":78},[64,42832,10771],{"class":108},[64,42834,119],{"class":78},[64,42836,42837,42839,42841,42843,42845,42847],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,42838,31778],{"class":108},[64,42840,112],{"class":78},[64,42842,3276],{"class":357},[64,42844,148],{"class":78},[64,42846,34096],{"class":24372},[64,42848,119],{"class":78},[64,42850,42851,42853,42855,42857,42859,42861],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,42852,31778],{"class":108},[64,42854,112],{"class":78},[64,42856,7695],{"class":357},[64,42858,148],{"class":78},[64,42860,13168],{"class":24372},[64,42862,119],{"class":78},[64,42864,42865,42867,42869,42871],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,42866,31778],{"class":108},[64,42868,112],{"class":78},[64,42870,42061],{"class":108},[64,42872,119],{"class":78},[64,42874,42875,42877,42879,42881,42884,42886],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,42876,31778],{"class":108},[64,42878,112],{"class":78},[64,42880,333],{"class":320},[64,42882,42883],{"class":329},"keywords",[64,42885,333],{"class":320},[64,42887,119],{"class":78},[64,42889,42890,42892,42894,42896],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,42891,33999],{"class":108},[64,42893,112],{"class":78},[64,42895,3276],{"class":357},[64,42897,119],{"class":78},[20,42899,42900],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[30,42902,42903,42906,42909,42912,42915,42918],{},[33,42904,42905],{},"A built-in function",[33,42907,42908],{},"A string method",[33,42910,42911],{},"A list method",[33,42913,42914],{},"A built-in file function",[33,42916,42917],{},"A special help topic",[33,42919,14805,42920,42922],{},[15,42921,33938],{}," example for comparison",[50,42924,1651],{"id":1650},[428,42926,42928],{"id":42927},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,42930,42931],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[428,42933,42935],{"id":42934},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,42937,42938,42939,42941],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,42940,34655],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[55,42943,42945],{"className":57,"code":42944,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,42946,42947,42959,42972,42991,42995],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,42948,42949,42951,42953,42955,42957],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,42950,34479],{"class":1895},[64,42952,34483],{"class":34482},[64,42954,112],{"class":78},[64,42956,7267],{"class":37294},[64,42958,7944],{"class":78},[64,42960,42961,42965,42969],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,42962,42964],{"class":42963},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[64,42966,42968],{"class":42967},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[64,42970,42971],{"class":42963},"\"\"\"\n",[64,42973,42974,42976,42979,42982,42984,42986,42988],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,42975,34490],{"class":368},[64,42977,42978],{"class":1895}," f",[64,42980,42981],{"class":329},"\"Hello, ",[64,42983,8884],{"class":82},[64,42985,7267],{"class":70},[64,42987,21924],{"class":82},[64,42989,42990],{"class":329},"!\"\n",[64,42992,42993],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,42994,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,42996,42997,42999,43001,43003],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,42998,31778],{"class":108},[64,43000,112],{"class":78},[64,43002,34525],{"class":115},[64,43004,119],{"class":78},[428,43006,43008],{"id":43007},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43010,43011,43013,43014,43016],{},[15,43012,42682],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43015,42678],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[428,43018,43020],{"id":43019},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43022,43023],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[50,43025,1717],{"id":1716},[30,43027,43028,43033,43037,43042,43047],{},[33,43029,43030],{},[285,43031,43032],{"href":42240},"Python dir() function explained",[33,43034,43035],{},[285,43036,8045],{"href":2128},[33,43038,43039],{},[285,43040,43041],{"href":41992},"Python len() function explained",[33,43043,43044],{},[285,43045,43046],{"href":42287},"How import works in Python",[33,43048,43049],{},[285,43050,34785],{"href":42292},[20,43052,43053,43054,43056,43057,2020,43059,16690,43061,43063,43064,212,43067,43070],{},"Try ",[15,43055,34655],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43058,10771],{},[15,43060,125],{},[15,43062,42097],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43065,43066],{},"dir(str)",[15,43068,43069],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1751,43072,43073],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":43075},[43076,43077,43078,43079,43085,43086,43087,43088,43092,43100,43101,43107],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":41957,"depth":100,"text":41958},{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":42082,"depth":100,"text":42083,"children":43080},[43081,43082,43083,43084],{"id":42086,"depth":122,"text":42087},{"id":42139,"depth":122,"text":42140},{"id":34133,"depth":122,"text":41977},{"id":34286,"depth":122,"text":41980},{"id":34545,"depth":100,"text":34546},{"id":42359,"depth":100,"text":42360},{"id":42420,"depth":100,"text":42421},{"id":42562,"depth":100,"text":42563,"children":43089},[43090,43091],{"id":31778,"depth":122,"text":34655},{"id":33999,"depth":122,"text":33938},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661,"children":43093},[43094,43096,43097,43098],{"id":42675,"depth":122,"text":43095},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42731,"depth":122,"text":42732},{"id":42743,"depth":122,"text":42744},{"id":42787,"depth":122,"text":43099},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":42804,"depth":100,"text":42805},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":43102},[43103,43104,43105,43106],{"id":42927,"depth":122,"text":42928},{"id":42934,"depth":122,"text":42935},{"id":43007,"depth":122,"text":43008},{"id":43019,"depth":122,"text":43020},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":41886,"description":43108},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43114,"title":43115,"body":43116,"description":44478,"extension":1791,"meta":44479,"navigation":346,"path":44480,"seo":44481,"stem":44482,"__hash__":44483},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43117,"toc":44451},[43118,43124,43129,43135,43145,43204,43214,43225,43230,43236,43238,43256,43264,43266,43268,43283,43286,43297,43299,43390,43393,43397,43402,43423,43425,43536,43538,43565,43576,43580,43583,43666,43668,43676,43682,43688,43692,43695,43805,43807,43820,43823,43837,43845,43852,43857,43871,43877,43990,43992,44053,44056,44062,44068,44071,44093,44096,44166,44169,44201,44208,44210,44213,44231,44234,44246,44252,44254,44259,44285,44288,44360,44362,44368,44371,44377,44380,44386,44396,44402,44405,44412,44415,44417,44448],[10,43119,13,43121,18],{"id":43120},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43122,43123],{},"id()",[20,43125,31943,43126,43128],{},[15,43127,43123],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43130,43131,43132,43134],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43133,43123],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43136,1923,43137,43139,43140,43142,43143,148],{},[15,43138,43123],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[221,43141,1138],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43144,1196],{},[55,43146,43148],{"className":57,"code":43147,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43149,43150,43162,43176,43180,43190],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,43151,43152,43154,43156,43158,43160],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,43153,7477],{"class":70},[64,43155,75],{"class":74},[64,43157,3184],{"class":320},[64,43159,6895],{"class":329},[64,43161,3190],{"class":320},[64,43163,43164,43166,43168,43170,43172,43174],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,43165,125],{"class":108},[64,43167,112],{"class":78},[64,43169,12262],{"class":108},[64,43171,112],{"class":78},[64,43173,7267],{"class":115},[64,43175,471],{"class":78},[64,43177,43178],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,43179,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,43181,43182,43185,43187],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,43183,43184],{"class":70},"other ",[64,43186,75],{"class":74},[64,43188,43189],{"class":70}," name\n",[64,43191,43192,43194,43196,43198,43200,43202],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,43193,125],{"class":108},[64,43195,112],{"class":78},[64,43197,12262],{"class":108},[64,43199,112],{"class":78},[64,43201,30368],{"class":115},[64,43203,471],{"class":78},[20,43205,43206,43207,43210,43211,43213],{},"In this example, ",[15,43208,43209],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43212,43123],{}," values match.",[43215,43216,43217],"blockquote",{},[20,43218,1923,43219,43221,43222,43224],{},[15,43220,43123],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43223,1196],{}," for value comparison.",[50,43226,152,43228,155],{"id":43227},"what-id-does",[15,43229,43123],{},[20,43231,43232,43235],{},[15,43233,43234],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43237,12666],{},[30,43239,43240,43243,43250,43253],{},[33,43241,43242],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[33,43244,43245,43246,43249],{},"It shows ",[221,43247,43248],{},"object identity",", not object value",[33,43251,43252],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[33,43254,43255],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43257,43258,43259,43263],{},"This is closely related to how ",[285,43260,43262],{"href":43261},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[50,43265,1988],{"id":1987},[20,43267,5027],{},[55,43269,43271],{"className":57,"code":43270,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"id(object)\n",[15,43272,43273],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,43274,43275,43277,43279,43281],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,43276,12262],{"class":108},[64,43278,112],{"class":78},[64,43280,42033],{"class":357},[64,43282,119],{"class":78},[20,43284,43285],{},"Important details:",[30,43287,43288,43291,43294],{},[33,43289,43290],{},"It takes one argument",[33,43292,43293],{},"It returns an integer",[33,43295,43296],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43298,916],{},[55,43300,43302],{"className":57,"code":43301,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43303,43304,43316,43324,43344,43348,43362,43376],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,43305,43306,43308,43310,43312,43314],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,43307,34315],{"class":70},[64,43309,75],{"class":74},[64,43311,3184],{"class":320},[64,43313,330],{"class":329},[64,43315,3190],{"class":320},[64,43317,43318,43320,43322],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,43319,2048],{"class":70},[64,43321,75],{"class":74},[64,43323,2599],{"class":82},[64,43325,43326,43328,43330,43332,43334,43336,43338,43340,43342],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,43327,7379],{"class":70},[64,43329,75],{"class":74},[64,43331,79],{"class":78},[64,43333,83],{"class":82},[64,43335,86],{"class":78},[64,43337,89],{"class":82},[64,43339,86],{"class":78},[64,43341,94],{"class":82},[64,43343,97],{"class":78},[64,43345,43346],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,43347,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,43349,43350,43352,43354,43356,43358,43360],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,43351,125],{"class":108},[64,43353,112],{"class":78},[64,43355,12262],{"class":108},[64,43357,112],{"class":78},[64,43359,34336],{"class":115},[64,43361,471],{"class":78},[64,43363,43364,43366,43368,43370,43372,43374],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,43365,125],{"class":108},[64,43367,112],{"class":78},[64,43369,12262],{"class":108},[64,43371,112],{"class":78},[64,43373,2069],{"class":115},[64,43375,471],{"class":78},[64,43377,43378,43380,43382,43384,43386,43388],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,43379,125],{"class":108},[64,43381,112],{"class":78},[64,43383,12262],{"class":108},[64,43385,112],{"class":78},[64,43387,7410],{"class":115},[64,43389,471],{"class":78},[20,43391,43392],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[50,43394,43396],{"id":43395},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43398,43399,43400,148],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43401,43123],{},[30,43403,43404,43411,43418],{},[33,43405,43406,43408,43409],{},[15,43407,1196],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[221,43410,2302],{},[33,43412,43413,43415,43416],{},[15,43414,11806],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[221,43417,42033],{},[33,43419,43420,43422],{},[15,43421,43123],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43424,916],{},[55,43426,43428],{"className":57,"code":43427,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43429,43430,43450,43470,43474,43491,43508,43522],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,43431,43432,43434,43436,43438,43440,43442,43444,43446,43448],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,43433,2384],{"class":70},[64,43435,75],{"class":74},[64,43437,79],{"class":78},[64,43439,83],{"class":82},[64,43441,86],{"class":78},[64,43443,89],{"class":82},[64,43445,86],{"class":78},[64,43447,94],{"class":82},[64,43449,97],{"class":78},[64,43451,43452,43454,43456,43458,43460,43462,43464,43466,43468],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,43453,2412],{"class":70},[64,43455,75],{"class":74},[64,43457,79],{"class":78},[64,43459,83],{"class":82},[64,43461,86],{"class":78},[64,43463,89],{"class":82},[64,43465,86],{"class":78},[64,43467,94],{"class":82},[64,43469,97],{"class":78},[64,43471,43472],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,43473,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,43475,43476,43478,43480,43482,43484,43486,43488],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,43477,125],{"class":108},[64,43479,112],{"class":78},[64,43481,2384],{"class":115},[64,43483,1196],{"class":74},[64,43485,2389],{"class":115},[64,43487,133],{"class":78},[64,43489,43490],{"class":136},"   # True\n",[64,43492,43493,43495,43497,43499,43501,43503,43505],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,43494,125],{"class":108},[64,43496,112],{"class":78},[64,43498,2384],{"class":115},[64,43500,11806],{"class":368},[64,43502,2389],{"class":115},[64,43504,133],{"class":78},[64,43506,43507],{"class":136},"   # False\n",[64,43509,43510,43512,43514,43516,43518,43520],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,43511,125],{"class":108},[64,43513,112],{"class":78},[64,43515,12262],{"class":108},[64,43517,112],{"class":78},[64,43519,285],{"class":115},[64,43521,471],{"class":78},[64,43523,43524,43526,43528,43530,43532,43534],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,43525,125],{"class":108},[64,43527,112],{"class":78},[64,43529,12262],{"class":108},[64,43531,112],{"class":78},[64,43533,1269],{"class":115},[64,43535,471],{"class":78},[20,43537,2009],{},[30,43539,43540,43548,43556],{},[33,43541,43542,1292,43545,43547],{},[15,43543,43544],{},"a == b",[15,43546,47],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[33,43549,43550,1292,43553,43555],{},[15,43551,43552],{},"a is b",[15,43554,147],{}," because they are different list objects",[33,43557,43558,896,43561,43564],{},[15,43559,43560],{},"id(a)",[15,43562,43563],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43566,43567,43568,896,43572,148],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[285,43569,43571],{"href":43570},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[285,43573,43575],{"href":43574},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[50,43577,43579],{"id":43578},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43581,43582],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[55,43584,43586],{"className":57,"code":43585,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43587,43588,43608,43618,43622,43636,43651],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,43589,43590,43592,43594,43596,43598,43600,43602,43604,43606],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,43591,71],{"class":70},[64,43593,75],{"class":74},[64,43595,79],{"class":78},[64,43597,2160],{"class":82},[64,43599,86],{"class":78},[64,43601,7390],{"class":82},[64,43603,86],{"class":78},[64,43605,7395],{"class":82},[64,43607,97],{"class":78},[64,43609,43610,43613,43615],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,43611,43612],{"class":70},"other_numbers ",[64,43614,75],{"class":74},[64,43616,43617],{"class":70}," numbers\n",[64,43619,43620],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,43621,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,43623,43624,43626,43628,43630,43632,43634],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,43625,125],{"class":108},[64,43627,112],{"class":78},[64,43629,12262],{"class":108},[64,43631,112],{"class":78},[64,43633,116],{"class":115},[64,43635,471],{"class":78},[64,43637,43638,43640,43642,43644,43646,43649],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,43639,125],{"class":108},[64,43641,112],{"class":78},[64,43643,12262],{"class":108},[64,43645,112],{"class":78},[64,43647,43648],{"class":115},"other_numbers",[64,43650,471],{"class":78},[64,43652,43653,43655,43657,43659,43661,43664],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,43654,125],{"class":108},[64,43656,112],{"class":78},[64,43658,71],{"class":115},[64,43660,11806],{"class":368},[64,43662,43663],{"class":115}," other_numbers",[64,43665,119],{"class":78},[20,43667,5153],{},[55,43669,43670],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,43671,43672],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,43673,43674],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,43675,476],{"class":338},[20,43677,43678,43679,43681],{},"The two ",[15,43680,43123],{}," values will also match.",[20,43683,21810,43684,43687],{},[15,43685,43686],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[50,43689,43691],{"id":43690},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43693,43694],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[55,43696,43698],{"className":57,"code":43697,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43699,43700,43721,43742,43746,43761,43775,43790],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,43701,43702,43705,43707,43709,43711,43713,43715,43717,43719],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,43703,43704],{"class":70},"list_a ",[64,43706,75],{"class":74},[64,43708,79],{"class":78},[64,43710,83],{"class":82},[64,43712,86],{"class":78},[64,43714,89],{"class":82},[64,43716,86],{"class":78},[64,43718,94],{"class":82},[64,43720,97],{"class":78},[64,43722,43723,43726,43728,43730,43732,43734,43736,43738,43740],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,43724,43725],{"class":70},"list_b ",[64,43727,75],{"class":74},[64,43729,79],{"class":78},[64,43731,83],{"class":82},[64,43733,86],{"class":78},[64,43735,89],{"class":82},[64,43737,86],{"class":78},[64,43739,94],{"class":82},[64,43741,97],{"class":78},[64,43743,43744],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,43745,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,43747,43748,43750,43752,43754,43756,43759],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,43749,125],{"class":108},[64,43751,112],{"class":78},[64,43753,43704],{"class":115},[64,43755,1196],{"class":74},[64,43757,43758],{"class":115}," list_b",[64,43760,119],{"class":78},[64,43762,43763,43765,43767,43769,43771,43773],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,43764,125],{"class":108},[64,43766,112],{"class":78},[64,43768,43704],{"class":115},[64,43770,11806],{"class":368},[64,43772,43758],{"class":115},[64,43774,119],{"class":78},[64,43776,43777,43779,43781,43783,43785,43788],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,43778,125],{"class":108},[64,43780,112],{"class":78},[64,43782,12262],{"class":108},[64,43784,112],{"class":78},[64,43786,43787],{"class":115},"list_a",[64,43789,471],{"class":78},[64,43791,43792,43794,43796,43798,43800,43803],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,43793,125],{"class":108},[64,43795,112],{"class":78},[64,43797,12262],{"class":108},[64,43799,112],{"class":78},[64,43801,43802],{"class":115},"list_b",[64,43804,471],{"class":78},[20,43806,5153],{},[55,43808,43810],{"className":57,"code":43809,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"True\nFalse\n",[15,43811,43812,43816],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,43813,43814],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,43815,476],{"class":338},[64,43817,43818],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,43819,537],{"class":338},[20,43821,43822],{},"What this means:",[30,43824,43825,43828,43831],{},[33,43826,43827],{},"The lists are equal in value",[33,43829,43830],{},"They are not the same object",[33,43832,43833,43834,43836],{},"Their ",[15,43835,43123],{}," values are usually different",[20,43838,43839,43840,43842,43843,148],{},"This is why ",[15,43841,43123],{}," should not replace ",[15,43844,1196],{},[50,43846,43848,43849,43851],{"id":43847},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,43850,43123],{}," is useful",[20,43853,43854,43856],{},[15,43855,43123],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[30,43858,43859,43862,43865,43868],{},[33,43860,43861],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[33,43863,43864],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[33,43866,43867],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[33,43869,43870],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,43872,43873,43874,43876],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,43875,43123],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[55,43878,43880],{"className":57,"code":43879,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,43881,43882,43906,43915,43919,43938,43942,43952,43962,43976],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,43883,43884,43886,43888,43890,43892,43894,43896,43898,43900,43902,43904],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,43885,11698],{"class":70},[64,43887,75],{"class":74},[64,43889,79],{"class":78},[64,43891,2686],{"class":320},[64,43893,285],{"class":329},[64,43895,2686],{"class":320},[64,43897,86],{"class":78},[64,43899,3184],{"class":320},[64,43901,1269],{"class":329},[64,43903,2686],{"class":320},[64,43905,97],{"class":78},[64,43907,43908,43911,43913],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,43909,43910],{"class":70},"copy_ref ",[64,43912,75],{"class":74},[64,43914,11736],{"class":70},[64,43916,43917],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,43918,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,43920,43921,43924,43926,43928,43930,43932,43934,43936],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,43922,43923],{"class":70},"copy_ref",[64,43925,148],{"class":78},[64,43927,13168],{"class":115},[64,43929,112],{"class":78},[64,43931,2686],{"class":320},[64,43933,9346],{"class":329},[64,43935,2686],{"class":320},[64,43937,119],{"class":78},[64,43939,43940],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,43941,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,43943,43944,43946,43948,43950],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,43945,125],{"class":108},[64,43947,112],{"class":78},[64,43949,11745],{"class":115},[64,43951,119],{"class":78},[64,43953,43954,43956,43958,43960],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,43955,125],{"class":108},[64,43957,112],{"class":78},[64,43959,43923],{"class":115},[64,43961,119],{"class":78},[64,43963,43964,43966,43968,43970,43972,43974],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,43965,125],{"class":108},[64,43967,112],{"class":78},[64,43969,12262],{"class":108},[64,43971,112],{"class":78},[64,43973,11745],{"class":115},[64,43975,471],{"class":78},[64,43977,43978,43980,43982,43984,43986,43988],{"class":66,"line":6028},[64,43979,125],{"class":108},[64,43981,112],{"class":78},[64,43983,12262],{"class":108},[64,43985,112],{"class":78},[64,43987,43923],{"class":115},[64,43989,471],{"class":78},[20,43991,5153],{},[55,43993,43995],{"className":57,"code":43994,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43996,43997,44025],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,43998,43999,44001,44003,44005,44007,44009,44011,44013,44015,44017,44019,44021,44023],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,44000,394],{"class":78},[64,44002,333],{"class":320},[64,44004,285],{"class":329},[64,44006,333],{"class":320},[64,44008,86],{"class":78},[64,44010,326],{"class":320},[64,44012,1269],{"class":329},[64,44014,333],{"class":320},[64,44016,86],{"class":78},[64,44018,326],{"class":320},[64,44020,9346],{"class":329},[64,44022,333],{"class":320},[64,44024,97],{"class":78},[64,44026,44027,44029,44031,44033,44035,44037,44039,44041,44043,44045,44047,44049,44051],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,44028,394],{"class":78},[64,44030,333],{"class":320},[64,44032,285],{"class":329},[64,44034,333],{"class":320},[64,44036,86],{"class":78},[64,44038,326],{"class":320},[64,44040,1269],{"class":329},[64,44042,333],{"class":320},[64,44044,86],{"class":78},[64,44046,326],{"class":320},[64,44048,9346],{"class":329},[64,44050,333],{"class":320},[64,44052,97],{"class":78},[20,44054,44055],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[50,44057,44059,44060],{"id":44058},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44061,43123],{},[20,44063,44064,44065,44067],{},"Do not use ",[15,44066,43123],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44069,44070],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[30,44072,44073,44079,44085,44088],{},[33,44074,44075,44076,44078],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44077,1196],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[33,44080,44081,44082,44084],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44083,43123],{}," values across program runs",[33,44086,44087],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[33,44089,44090,44091],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44092,43123],{},[20,44094,44095],{},"Bad example:",[55,44097,44099],{"className":57,"code":44098,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44100,44101,44113,44125,44129,44151],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,44102,44103,44105,44107,44109,44111],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,44104,2384],{"class":70},[64,44106,75],{"class":74},[64,44108,3184],{"class":320},[64,44110,36678],{"class":329},[64,44112,3190],{"class":320},[64,44114,44115,44117,44119,44121,44123],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,44116,2412],{"class":70},[64,44118,75],{"class":74},[64,44120,3184],{"class":320},[64,44122,36678],{"class":329},[64,44124,3190],{"class":320},[64,44126,44127],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,44128,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,44130,44131,44133,44135,44137,44139,44141,44143,44145,44147,44149],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,44132,6595],{"class":368},[64,44134,14432],{"class":108},[64,44136,112],{"class":78},[64,44138,285],{"class":115},[64,44140,133],{"class":78},[64,44142,6004],{"class":74},[64,44144,14432],{"class":108},[64,44146,112],{"class":78},[64,44148,1269],{"class":115},[64,44150,7944],{"class":78},[64,44152,44153,44155,44157,44159,44162,44164],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,44154,7670],{"class":108},[64,44156,112],{"class":78},[64,44158,2686],{"class":320},[64,44160,44161],{"class":329},"The values are equal",[64,44163,2686],{"class":320},[64,44165,119],{"class":78},[20,44167,44168],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[55,44170,44172],{"className":57,"code":44171,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44173,44174,44187],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,44175,44176,44178,44181,44183,44185],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,44177,6595],{"class":368},[64,44179,44180],{"class":70}," a ",[64,44182,1196],{"class":74},[64,44184,2389],{"class":70},[64,44186,5989],{"class":78},[64,44188,44189,44191,44193,44195,44197,44199],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,44190,7670],{"class":108},[64,44192,112],{"class":78},[64,44194,2686],{"class":320},[64,44196,44161],{"class":329},[64,44198,2686],{"class":320},[64,44200,119],{"class":78},[20,44202,1923,44203,212,44205,44207],{},[15,44204,11806],{},[15,44206,43123],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[50,44209,20421],{"id":20420},[20,44211,44212],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[30,44214,44215,44218,44221,44226],{},[33,44216,44217],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[33,44219,44220],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[33,44222,44223,44224],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44225,43123],{},[33,44227,44228,44229],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44230,43123],{},[20,44232,44233],{},"The important rule is:",[30,44235,44236,44241],{},[33,44237,1923,44238,44240],{},[15,44239,1196],{}," to check value",[33,44242,1923,44243,44245],{},[15,44244,11806],{}," to check identity",[20,44247,44248,44249,44251],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44250,43123],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[50,44253,2661],{"id":2660},[20,44255,44256,44257,160],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44258,43123],{},[30,44260,44261,44269,44272,44275,44280],{},[33,44262,8020,44263,44265,44266,44268],{},[15,44264,43123],{}," when ",[15,44267,1196],{}," should be used",[33,44270,44271],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[33,44273,44274],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[33,44276,44277,44278],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44279,43123],{},[33,44281,8020,44282,44284],{},[15,44283,43123],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44286,44287],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[55,44289,44291],{"className":57,"code":44290,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44292,44293,44308,44322,44336,44350],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,44294,44295,44297,44299,44301,44303,44306],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,44296,125],{"class":108},[64,44298,112],{"class":78},[64,44300,12262],{"class":108},[64,44302,112],{"class":78},[64,44304,44305],{"class":115},"my_object",[64,44307,471],{"class":78},[64,44309,44310,44312,44314,44316,44318,44320],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,44311,125],{"class":108},[64,44313,112],{"class":78},[64,44315,2384],{"class":115},[64,44317,1196],{"class":74},[64,44319,2389],{"class":115},[64,44321,119],{"class":78},[64,44323,44324,44326,44328,44330,44332,44334],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,44325,125],{"class":108},[64,44327,112],{"class":78},[64,44329,2384],{"class":115},[64,44331,11806],{"class":368},[64,44333,2389],{"class":115},[64,44335,119],{"class":78},[64,44337,44338,44340,44342,44344,44346,44348],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,44339,125],{"class":108},[64,44341,112],{"class":78},[64,44343,3052],{"class":357},[64,44345,112],{"class":78},[64,44347,44305],{"class":115},[64,44349,471],{"class":78},[64,44351,44352,44354,44356,44358],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,44353,31778],{"class":108},[64,44355,112],{"class":78},[64,44357,12262],{"class":108},[64,44359,119],{"class":78},[50,44361,1651],{"id":1650},[428,44363,44365,44366,12329],{"id":44364},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44367,43123],{},[20,44369,44370],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[428,44372,14519,44374,44376],{"id":44373},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44375,43123],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44378,44379],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[428,44381,21041,44383,44385],{"id":44382},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44384,43123],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44387,29895,44388,44390,44391,212,44393,44395],{},[15,44389,1196],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44392,43123],{},[15,44394,11806],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[428,44397,44399,44400,1677],{"id":44398},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44401,43123],{},[20,44403,44404],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[428,44406,44408,44409,44411],{"id":44407},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44410,43123],{}," values?",[20,44413,44414],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[50,44416,1717],{"id":1716},[30,44418,44419,44424,44429,44434,44442],{},[33,44420,44421],{},[285,44422,44423],{"href":43261},"Python variables explained for beginners",[33,44425,44426],{},[285,44427,44428],{"href":43570},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[33,44430,44431],{},[285,44432,44433],{"href":43574},"Python data types overview",[33,44435,44436],{},[285,44437,13,44439,1713],{"href":44438},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44440,44441],{},"isinstance()",[33,44443,44444],{},[285,44445,44447],{"href":44446},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1751,44449,44450],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":44452},[44453,44455,44456,44457,44458,44459,44461,44463,44464,44465,44477],{"id":43227,"depth":100,"text":44454},"What id() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":43395,"depth":100,"text":43396},{"id":43578,"depth":100,"text":43579},{"id":43690,"depth":100,"text":43691},{"id":43847,"depth":100,"text":44460},"When id() is useful",{"id":44058,"depth":100,"text":44462},"When not to use id()",{"id":20420,"depth":100,"text":20421},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":44466},[44467,44469,44471,44473,44475],{"id":44364,"depth":122,"text":44468},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44373,"depth":122,"text":44470},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44382,"depth":122,"text":44472},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44398,"depth":122,"text":44474},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44407,"depth":122,"text":44476},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43115,"description":44478},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44485,"title":41828,"body":44486,"description":46126,"extension":1791,"meta":46127,"navigation":346,"path":46128,"seo":46129,"stem":46130,"__hash__":46131},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44487,"toc":46092},[44488,44493,44498,44501,44503,44546,44551,44554,44559,44564,44567,44583,44585,44629,44631,44658,44660,44675,44677,44679,44681,44697,44699,44711,44714,44748,44751,44776,44781,44783,44788,44792,44795,44797,44845,44847,44880,44886,44897,44899,44951,44953,44984,44986,44990,44994,45037,45043,45049,45101,45109,45114,45118,45209,45211,45244,45247,45249,45309,45311,45337,45347,45349,45353,45358,45363,45365,45402,45404,45423,45426,45430,45433,45489,45501,45510,45512,45539,45547,45554,45558,45561,45598,45601,45607,45644,45646,45650,45656,45674,45679,45727,45731,45820,45823,45830,45832,45834,45839,45857,45859,45902,45908,45925,45927,45989,45991,45993,45999,46007,46013,46019,46028,46038,46042,46050,46052,46054,46089],[10,44489,13,44491,18],{"id":44490},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44492,2790],{},[20,44494,1808,44495,44497],{},[15,44496,2790],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44499,44500],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[50,44502,1833],{"id":1832},[55,44504,44506],{"className":57,"code":44505,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44507,44508,44527],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,44509,44510,44512,44514,44516,44518,44520,44523,44525],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,44511,7477],{"class":70},[64,44513,75],{"class":74},[64,44515,7844],{"class":108},[64,44517,112],{"class":78},[64,44519,2686],{"class":320},[64,44521,44522],{"class":329},"Enter your name: ",[64,44524,2686],{"class":320},[64,44526,119],{"class":78},[64,44528,44529,44531,44533,44535,44538,44540,44542,44544],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,44530,125],{"class":108},[64,44532,112],{"class":78},[64,44534,2686],{"class":320},[64,44536,44537],{"class":329},"Hello, ",[64,44539,2686],{"class":320},[64,44541,2283],{"class":74},[64,44543,35621],{"class":115},[64,44545,119],{"class":78},[20,44547,1923,44548,44550],{},[15,44549,2790],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44552,44553],"hr",{},[50,44555,152,44557,155],{"id":44556},"what-input-does",[15,44558,2790],{},[20,44560,44561,44563],{},[15,44562,2790],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44565,44566],{},"Here is what happens:",[30,44568,44569,44574,44577,44580],{},[33,44570,44571,44573],{},[15,44572,2790],{}," waits for the user to type",[33,44575,44576],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[33,44578,44579],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[33,44581,44582],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44584,916],{},[55,44586,44588],{"className":57,"code":44587,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44589,44590,44610],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,44591,44592,44595,44597,44599,44601,44603,44606,44608],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,44593,44594],{"class":70},"color ",[64,44596,75],{"class":74},[64,44598,7844],{"class":108},[64,44600,112],{"class":78},[64,44602,2686],{"class":320},[64,44604,44605],{"class":329},"What is your favorite color? ",[64,44607,2686],{"class":320},[64,44609,119],{"class":78},[64,44611,44612,44614,44616,44618,44621,44623,44625,44627],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,44613,125],{"class":108},[64,44615,112],{"class":78},[64,44617,2686],{"class":320},[64,44619,44620],{"class":329},"Your favorite color is",[64,44622,2686],{"class":320},[64,44624,86],{"class":78},[64,44626,35480],{"class":115},[64,44628,119],{"class":78},[20,44630,29654],{},[55,44632,44634],{"className":57,"code":44633,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44635,44636,44649],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,44637,44638,44640,44642,44645,44647],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,44639,152],{"class":70},[64,44641,11806],{"class":74},[64,44643,44644],{"class":70}," your favorite color",[64,44646,1677],{"class":36998},[64,44648,35510],{"class":70},[64,44650,44651,44654,44656],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,44652,44653],{"class":70},"Your favorite color ",[64,44655,11806],{"class":74},[64,44657,35510],{"class":70},[20,44659,19577],{},[30,44661,44662,44667,44672],{},[33,44663,44664,44665],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44666,44605],{},[33,44668,44669,44670],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44671,32517],{},[33,44673,44674],{},"That value is then printed",[44552,44676],{},[50,44678,1988],{"id":1987},[20,44680,6816],{},[55,44682,44684],{"className":57,"code":44683,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44685,44686],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,44687,44688,44690,44692,44695],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,44689,42097],{"class":108},[64,44691,112],{"class":78},[64,44693,44694],{"class":115},"prompt",[64,44696,119],{"class":78},[20,44698,11069],{},[30,44700,44701,44705,44708],{},[33,44702,1808,44703,19659],{},[15,44704,44694],{},[33,44706,44707],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[33,44709,44710],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,44712,44713],{},"Example with a prompt:",[55,44715,44717],{"className":57,"code":44716,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,44718,44719,44738],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,44720,44721,44723,44725,44727,44729,44731,44734,44736],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,44722,7562],{"class":70},[64,44724,75],{"class":74},[64,44726,7844],{"class":108},[64,44728,112],{"class":78},[64,44730,2686],{"class":320},[64,44732,44733],{"class":329},"Enter your username: ",[64,44735,2686],{"class":320},[64,44737,119],{"class":78},[64,44739,44740,44742,44744,44746],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,44741,125],{"class":108},[64,44743,112],{"class":78},[64,44745,7586],{"class":115},[64,44747,119],{"class":78},[20,44749,44750],{},"Example without a prompt:",[55,44752,44754],{"className":57,"code":44753,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,44755,44756,44766],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,44757,44758,44760,44762,44764],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,44759,2276],{"class":70},[64,44761,75],{"class":74},[64,44763,7844],{"class":108},[64,44765,8247],{"class":78},[64,44767,44768,44770,44772,44774],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,44769,125],{"class":108},[64,44771,112],{"class":78},[64,44773,2302],{"class":115},[64,44775,119],{"class":78},[20,44777,7362,44778,44780],{},[15,44779,2790],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44552,44782],{},[50,44784,152,44786,11317],{"id":44785},"what-input-returns",[15,44787,2790],{},[20,44789,44790,7827],{},[15,44791,2790],{},[20,44793,44794],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,44796,916],{},[55,44798,44800],{"className":57,"code":44799,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44801,44802,44821,44831],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,44803,44804,44806,44808,44810,44812,44814,44817,44819],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,44805,21249],{"class":70},[64,44807,75],{"class":74},[64,44809,7844],{"class":108},[64,44811,112],{"class":78},[64,44813,2686],{"class":320},[64,44815,44816],{"class":329},"Enter your age: ",[64,44818,2686],{"class":320},[64,44820,119],{"class":78},[64,44822,44823,44825,44827,44829],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,44824,125],{"class":108},[64,44826,112],{"class":78},[64,44828,8905],{"class":115},[64,44830,119],{"class":78},[64,44832,44833,44835,44837,44839,44841,44843],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,44834,125],{"class":108},[64,44836,112],{"class":78},[64,44838,3052],{"class":357},[64,44840,112],{"class":78},[64,44842,8905],{"class":115},[64,44844,471],{"class":78},[20,44846,29654],{},[55,44848,44850],{"className":57,"code":44849,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,44851,44852,44862,44866],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,44853,44854,44857,44859],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,44855,44856],{"class":70},"Enter your age",[64,44858,160],{"class":78},[64,44860,44861],{"class":82}," 25\n",[64,44863,44864],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,44865,2539],{"class":82},[64,44867,44868,44870,44872,44874,44876,44878],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,44869,3121],{"class":74},[64,44871,3124],{"class":1895},[64,44873,326],{"class":320},[64,44875,3276],{"class":329},[64,44877,333],{"class":320},[64,44879,3133],{"class":74},[20,44881,44882,44883,44885],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,44884,8799],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,44887,44888,44889,212,44893,148],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[285,44890,44891],{"href":2707},[15,44892,2710],{},[285,44894,44895],{"href":2713},[15,44896,2716],{},[20,44898,916],{},[55,44900,44902],{"className":57,"code":44901,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44903,44904,44927,44937],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,44905,44906,44908,44910,44913,44915,44917,44919,44921,44923,44925],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,44907,21249],{"class":70},[64,44909,75],{"class":74},[64,44911,44912],{"class":357}," int",[64,44914,112],{"class":78},[64,44916,42097],{"class":108},[64,44918,112],{"class":78},[64,44920,2686],{"class":320},[64,44922,44816],{"class":329},[64,44924,2686],{"class":320},[64,44926,471],{"class":78},[64,44928,44929,44931,44933,44935],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,44930,125],{"class":108},[64,44932,112],{"class":78},[64,44934,8905],{"class":115},[64,44936,119],{"class":78},[64,44938,44939,44941,44943,44945,44947,44949],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,44940,125],{"class":108},[64,44942,112],{"class":78},[64,44944,3052],{"class":357},[64,44946,112],{"class":78},[64,44948,8905],{"class":115},[64,44950,471],{"class":78},[20,44952,29654],{},[55,44954,44956],{"className":57,"code":44955,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,44957,44958,44966,44970],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,44959,44960,44962,44964],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,44961,44856],{"class":70},[64,44963,160],{"class":78},[64,44965,44861],{"class":82},[64,44967,44968],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,44969,2539],{"class":82},[64,44971,44972,44974,44976,44978,44980,44982],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,44973,3121],{"class":74},[64,44975,3124],{"class":1895},[64,44977,326],{"class":320},[64,44979,2019],{"class":329},[64,44981,333],{"class":320},[64,44983,3133],{"class":74},[44552,44985],{},[50,44987,44989],{"id":44988},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[428,44991,44993],{"id":44992},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[55,44995,44997],{"className":57,"code":44996,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,44998,44999,45018],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,45000,45001,45003,45005,45007,45009,45011,45014,45016],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45002,7477],{"class":70},[64,45004,75],{"class":74},[64,45006,7844],{"class":108},[64,45008,112],{"class":78},[64,45010,2686],{"class":320},[64,45012,45013],{"class":329},"What is your name? ",[64,45015,2686],{"class":320},[64,45017,119],{"class":78},[64,45019,45020,45022,45024,45026,45029,45031,45033,45035],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,45021,125],{"class":108},[64,45023,112],{"class":78},[64,45025,2686],{"class":320},[64,45027,45028],{"class":329},"Hello,",[64,45030,2686],{"class":320},[64,45032,86],{"class":78},[64,45034,35621],{"class":115},[64,45036,119],{"class":78},[20,45038,45039,45040,45042],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45041,7267],{}," and prints it.",[428,45044,45046,45047],{"id":45045},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45048,2710],{},[55,45050,45052],{"className":57,"code":45051,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45053,45054,45077],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,45055,45056,45058,45060,45062,45064,45066,45068,45070,45073,45075],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45057,21249],{"class":70},[64,45059,75],{"class":74},[64,45061,44912],{"class":357},[64,45063,112],{"class":78},[64,45065,42097],{"class":108},[64,45067,112],{"class":78},[64,45069,2686],{"class":320},[64,45071,45072],{"class":329},"How old are you? ",[64,45074,2686],{"class":320},[64,45076,471],{"class":78},[64,45078,45079,45081,45083,45085,45088,45090,45092,45095,45097,45099],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,45080,125],{"class":108},[64,45082,112],{"class":78},[64,45084,2686],{"class":320},[64,45086,45087],{"class":329},"Next year you will be",[64,45089,2686],{"class":320},[64,45091,86],{"class":78},[64,45093,45094],{"class":115}," age ",[64,45096,1889],{"class":74},[64,45098,5091],{"class":82},[64,45100,119],{"class":78},[20,45102,5655,45103,45105,45106,45108],{},[15,45104,2710],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45107,2790],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45110,45111,45112,148],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[285,45113,8586],{"href":8585},[428,45115,45117],{"id":45116},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[55,45119,45121],{"className":57,"code":45120,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45122,45123,45147,45171,45185,45189],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,45124,45125,45128,45130,45132,45134,45136,45138,45140,45143,45145],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45126,45127],{"class":70},"num1 ",[64,45129,75],{"class":74},[64,45131,44912],{"class":357},[64,45133,112],{"class":78},[64,45135,42097],{"class":108},[64,45137,112],{"class":78},[64,45139,2686],{"class":320},[64,45141,45142],{"class":329},"Enter the first number: ",[64,45144,2686],{"class":320},[64,45146,471],{"class":78},[64,45148,45149,45152,45154,45156,45158,45160,45162,45164,45167,45169],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,45150,45151],{"class":70},"num2 ",[64,45153,75],{"class":74},[64,45155,44912],{"class":357},[64,45157,112],{"class":78},[64,45159,42097],{"class":108},[64,45161,112],{"class":78},[64,45163,2686],{"class":320},[64,45165,45166],{"class":329},"Enter the second number: ",[64,45168,2686],{"class":320},[64,45170,471],{"class":78},[64,45172,45173,45175,45177,45180,45182],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,45174,40816],{"class":70},[64,45176,75],{"class":74},[64,45178,45179],{"class":70}," num1 ",[64,45181,1889],{"class":74},[64,45183,45184],{"class":70}," num2\n",[64,45186,45187],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,45188,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,45190,45191,45193,45195,45197,45200,45202,45204,45207],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,45192,125],{"class":108},[64,45194,112],{"class":78},[64,45196,2686],{"class":320},[64,45198,45199],{"class":329},"Total:",[64,45201,2686],{"class":320},[64,45203,86],{"class":78},[64,45205,45206],{"class":115}," total",[64,45208,119],{"class":78},[20,45210,29654],{},[55,45212,45214],{"className":57,"code":45213,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45215,45216,45226,45235],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,45217,45218,45221,45223],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45219,45220],{"class":70},"Enter the first number",[64,45222,160],{"class":78},[64,45224,45225],{"class":82}," 2\n",[64,45227,45228,45231,45233],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,45229,45230],{"class":70},"Enter the second number",[64,45232,160],{"class":78},[64,45234,2407],{"class":82},[64,45236,45237,45240,45242],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,45238,45239],{"class":70},"Total",[64,45241,160],{"class":78},[64,45243,34470],{"class":82},[20,45245,45246],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45248,916],{},[55,45250,45252],{"className":57,"code":45251,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45253,45254,45272,45290,45294],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,45255,45256,45258,45260,45262,45264,45266,45268,45270],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45257,45127],{"class":70},[64,45259,75],{"class":74},[64,45261,7844],{"class":108},[64,45263,112],{"class":78},[64,45265,2686],{"class":320},[64,45267,45142],{"class":329},[64,45269,2686],{"class":320},[64,45271,119],{"class":78},[64,45273,45274,45276,45278,45280,45282,45284,45286,45288],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,45275,45151],{"class":70},[64,45277,75],{"class":74},[64,45279,7844],{"class":108},[64,45281,112],{"class":78},[64,45283,2686],{"class":320},[64,45285,45166],{"class":329},[64,45287,2686],{"class":320},[64,45289,119],{"class":78},[64,45291,45292],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,45293,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,45295,45296,45298,45300,45302,45304,45307],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,45297,125],{"class":108},[64,45299,112],{"class":78},[64,45301,45127],{"class":115},[64,45303,1889],{"class":74},[64,45305,45306],{"class":115}," num2",[64,45308,119],{"class":78},[20,45310,29654],{},[55,45312,45314],{"className":57,"code":45313,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45315,45316,45324,45332],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,45317,45318,45320,45322],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45319,45220],{"class":70},[64,45321,160],{"class":78},[64,45323,45225],{"class":82},[64,45325,45326,45328,45330],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,45327,45230],{"class":70},[64,45329,160],{"class":78},[64,45331,2407],{"class":82},[64,45333,45334],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,45335,45336],{"class":82},"23\n",[20,45338,45339,45340,45343,45344,148],{},"That happens because ",[15,45341,45342],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45345,45346],{},"\"23\"",[44552,45348],{},[50,45350,45352],{"id":45351},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45354,45355,45356,148],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45357,2790],{},[428,45359,1212,45361,41176],{"id":45360},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45362,2790],{},[20,45364,38831],{},[55,45366,45368],{"className":57,"code":45367,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45369,45370,45388],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,45371,45372,45374,45376,45378,45380,45382,45384,45386],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45373,2276],{"class":70},[64,45375,75],{"class":74},[64,45377,7844],{"class":108},[64,45379,112],{"class":78},[64,45381,2686],{"class":320},[64,45383,41505],{"class":329},[64,45385,2686],{"class":320},[64,45387,119],{"class":78},[64,45389,45390,45392,45394,45396,45398,45400],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,45391,125],{"class":108},[64,45393,112],{"class":78},[64,45395,3052],{"class":357},[64,45397,112],{"class":78},[64,45399,2302],{"class":115},[64,45401,471],{"class":78},[20,45403,384],{},[55,45405,45407],{"className":57,"code":45406,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45408,45409],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,45410,45411,45413,45415,45417,45419,45421],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45412,3121],{"class":74},[64,45414,3124],{"class":1895},[64,45416,326],{"class":320},[64,45418,3276],{"class":329},[64,45420,333],{"class":320},[64,45422,3133],{"class":74},[20,45424,45425],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[428,45427,45429],{"id":45428},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45431,45432],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[55,45434,45436],{"className":57,"code":45435,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45437,45438,45456,45475],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,45439,45440,45442,45444,45446,45448,45450,45452,45454],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45441,2384],{"class":70},[64,45443,75],{"class":74},[64,45445,7844],{"class":108},[64,45447,112],{"class":78},[64,45449,2686],{"class":320},[64,45451,41505],{"class":329},[64,45453,2686],{"class":320},[64,45455,119],{"class":78},[64,45457,45458,45460,45462,45464,45466,45468,45471,45473],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,45459,2412],{"class":70},[64,45461,75],{"class":74},[64,45463,7844],{"class":108},[64,45465,112],{"class":78},[64,45467,2686],{"class":320},[64,45469,45470],{"class":329},"Enter another number: ",[64,45472,2686],{"class":320},[64,45474,119],{"class":78},[64,45476,45477,45479,45481,45483,45485,45487],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,45478,125],{"class":108},[64,45480,112],{"class":78},[64,45482,2384],{"class":115},[64,45484,1889],{"class":74},[64,45486,2389],{"class":115},[64,45488,119],{"class":78},[20,45490,40754,45491,896,45493,45495,45496,18583,45499,148],{},[15,45492,2334],{},[15,45494,1107],{},", the result is ",[15,45497,45498],{},"45",[15,45500,1974],{},[428,45502,45504,45505,45507,45508],{"id":45503},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45506,40337],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45509,2710],{},[20,45511,916],{},[55,45513,45515],{"className":57,"code":45514,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45516,45517],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,45518,45519,45521,45523,45525,45527,45529,45531,45533,45535,45537],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45520,21249],{"class":70},[64,45522,75],{"class":74},[64,45524,44912],{"class":357},[64,45526,112],{"class":78},[64,45528,42097],{"class":108},[64,45530,112],{"class":78},[64,45532,2686],{"class":320},[64,45534,44816],{"class":329},[64,45536,2686],{"class":320},[64,45538,471],{"class":78},[20,45540,7873,45541,45544,45545,148],{},[15,45542,45543],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45546,40337],{},[20,45548,45549,45550,148],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[285,45551,45553],{"href":45552},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[428,45555,45557],{"id":45556},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45559,45560],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[55,45562,45564],{"className":57,"code":45563,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45565,45566,45584],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,45567,45568,45570,45572,45574,45576,45578,45580,45582],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45569,7477],{"class":70},[64,45571,75],{"class":74},[64,45573,7844],{"class":108},[64,45575,112],{"class":78},[64,45577,2686],{"class":320},[64,45579,44522],{"class":329},[64,45581,2686],{"class":320},[64,45583,119],{"class":78},[64,45585,45586,45588,45590,45592,45594,45596],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,45587,125],{"class":108},[64,45589,112],{"class":78},[64,45591,41413],{"class":108},[64,45593,112],{"class":78},[64,45595,7267],{"class":115},[64,45597,471],{"class":78},[20,45599,45600],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45602,45603,45604,160],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45605,45606],{},".strip()",[55,45608,45610],{"className":57,"code":45609,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45611,45612,45634],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,45613,45614,45616,45618,45620,45622,45624,45626,45628,45630,45632],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45615,7477],{"class":70},[64,45617,75],{"class":74},[64,45619,7844],{"class":108},[64,45621,112],{"class":78},[64,45623,2686],{"class":320},[64,45625,44522],{"class":329},[64,45627,2686],{"class":320},[64,45629,8235],{"class":78},[64,45631,8238],{"class":115},[64,45633,8247],{"class":78},[64,45635,45636,45638,45640,45642],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,45637,125],{"class":108},[64,45639,112],{"class":78},[64,45641,7267],{"class":115},[64,45643,119],{"class":78},[44552,45645],{},[50,45647,45649],{"id":45648},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45651,45652,45653,45655],{},"These habits make ",[15,45654,2790],{}," easier and safer to use.",[30,45657,45658,45661,45666,45669],{},[33,45659,45660],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[33,45662,1923,45663,45665],{},[15,45664,45606],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[33,45667,45668],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[33,45670,1923,45671,45673],{},[15,45672,29406],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45675,45676,45677,160],{},"Example with ",[15,45678,45606],{},[55,45680,45682],{"className":57,"code":45681,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45683,45684,45708],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,45685,45686,45689,45691,45693,45695,45697,45700,45702,45704,45706],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45687,45688],{"class":70},"city ",[64,45690,75],{"class":74},[64,45692,7844],{"class":108},[64,45694,112],{"class":78},[64,45696,2686],{"class":320},[64,45698,45699],{"class":329},"Enter your city: ",[64,45701,2686],{"class":320},[64,45703,8235],{"class":78},[64,45705,8238],{"class":115},[64,45707,8247],{"class":78},[64,45709,45710,45712,45714,45716,45719,45721,45723,45725],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,45711,125],{"class":108},[64,45713,112],{"class":78},[64,45715,2686],{"class":320},[64,45717,45718],{"class":329},"City:",[64,45720,2686],{"class":320},[64,45722,86],{"class":78},[64,45724,31010],{"class":115},[64,45726,119],{"class":78},[20,45728,45676,45729,160],{},[15,45730,29406],{},[55,45732,45734],{"className":57,"code":45733,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,45735,45736,45742,45765,45797,45805],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,45737,45738,45740],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45739,29428],{"class":368},[64,45741,5989],{"class":78},[64,45743,45744,45747,45749,45751,45753,45755,45757,45759,45761,45763],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,45745,45746],{"class":70},"    age ",[64,45748,75],{"class":74},[64,45750,44912],{"class":357},[64,45752,112],{"class":78},[64,45754,42097],{"class":108},[64,45756,112],{"class":78},[64,45758,2686],{"class":320},[64,45760,44816],{"class":329},[64,45762,2686],{"class":320},[64,45764,471],{"class":78},[64,45766,45767,45769,45771,45773,45776,45778,45780,45782,45784,45786,45788,45790,45793,45795],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,45768,7670],{"class":108},[64,45770,112],{"class":78},[64,45772,2686],{"class":320},[64,45774,45775],{"class":329},"You will be",[64,45777,2686],{"class":320},[64,45779,86],{"class":78},[64,45781,45094],{"class":115},[64,45783,1889],{"class":74},[64,45785,5091],{"class":82},[64,45787,86],{"class":78},[64,45789,3184],{"class":320},[64,45791,45792],{"class":329},"next year",[64,45794,2686],{"class":320},[64,45796,119],{"class":78},[64,45798,45799,45801,45803],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,45800,29459],{"class":368},[64,45802,41560],{"class":357},[64,45804,5989],{"class":78},[64,45806,45807,45809,45811,45813,45816,45818],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,45808,7670],{"class":108},[64,45810,112],{"class":78},[64,45812,2686],{"class":320},[64,45814,45815],{"class":329},"Please enter a whole number.",[64,45817,2686],{"class":320},[64,45819,119],{"class":78},[20,45821,45822],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,45824,45825,45826,148],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[285,45827,45829],{"href":45828},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44552,45831],{},[50,45833,2661],{"id":2660},[20,45835,45836,45837,160],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,45838,2790],{},[30,45840,45841,45848,45851,45854],{},[33,45842,45843,45844,212,45846],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,45845,2710],{},[15,45847,2716],{},[33,45849,45850],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[33,45852,45853],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[33,45855,45856],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,45858,31708],{},[55,45860,45862],{"className":57,"code":45861,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45863,45864,45874,45888],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,45865,45866,45868,45870,45872],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45867,125],{"class":108},[64,45869,112],{"class":78},[64,45871,2302],{"class":115},[64,45873,119],{"class":78},[64,45875,45876,45878,45880,45882,45884,45886],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,45877,125],{"class":108},[64,45879,112],{"class":78},[64,45881,3052],{"class":357},[64,45883,112],{"class":78},[64,45885,2302],{"class":115},[64,45887,471],{"class":78},[64,45889,45890,45892,45894,45896,45898,45900],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,45891,125],{"class":108},[64,45893,112],{"class":78},[64,45895,41413],{"class":108},[64,45897,112],{"class":78},[64,45899,2302],{"class":115},[64,45901,471],{"class":78},[20,45903,45904,45905,45907],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,45906,2790],{}," actually returned:",[30,45909,45910,45915,45920],{},[33,45911,45912,45914],{},[15,45913,41461],{}," shows the value",[33,45916,45917,45919],{},[15,45918,41467],{}," shows the data type",[33,45921,45922,45924],{},[15,45923,41472],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,45926,916],{},[55,45928,45930],{"className":57,"code":45929,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45931,45932,45951,45961,45975],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,45933,45934,45936,45938,45940,45942,45944,45947,45949],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,45935,2276],{"class":70},[64,45937,75],{"class":74},[64,45939,7844],{"class":108},[64,45941,112],{"class":78},[64,45943,2686],{"class":320},[64,45945,45946],{"class":329},"Enter something: ",[64,45948,2686],{"class":320},[64,45950,119],{"class":78},[64,45952,45953,45955,45957,45959],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,45954,125],{"class":108},[64,45956,112],{"class":78},[64,45958,2302],{"class":115},[64,45960,119],{"class":78},[64,45962,45963,45965,45967,45969,45971,45973],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,45964,125],{"class":108},[64,45966,112],{"class":78},[64,45968,3052],{"class":357},[64,45970,112],{"class":78},[64,45972,2302],{"class":115},[64,45974,471],{"class":78},[64,45976,45977,45979,45981,45983,45985,45987],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,45978,125],{"class":108},[64,45980,112],{"class":78},[64,45982,41413],{"class":108},[64,45984,112],{"class":78},[64,45986,2302],{"class":115},[64,45988,471],{"class":78},[44552,45990],{},[50,45992,1651],{"id":1650},[428,45994,12317,45996,45998],{"id":45995},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,45997,2790],{}," return an integer?",[20,46000,46001,46002,46004,46005,39562],{},"No. ",[15,46003,2790],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46006,2710],{},[428,46008,46010,46011,1677],{"id":46009},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46012,2790],{},[20,46014,46015,46016,46018],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46017,2790],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[428,46020,1671,46022,46025,46026,1677],{"id":46021},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46023,46024],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46027,2790],{},[20,46029,28685,46030,46032,46033,41789,46035,46037],{},[15,46031,2790],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46034,45342],{},[15,46036,45346],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[428,46039,46041],{"id":46040},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46043,1923,46044,46046,46047,148],{},[15,46045,45606],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46048,46049],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44552,46051],{},[50,46053,1717],{"id":1716},[30,46055,46056,46061,46065,46071,46077,46081],{},[33,46057,46058],{},[285,46059,46060],{"href":45828},"How to get user input in Python",[33,46062,46063],{},[285,46064,8663],{"href":8585},[33,46066,46067],{},[285,46068,13,46069,1713],{"href":2707},[15,46070,2710],{},[33,46072,46073],{},[285,46074,13,46075,1713],{"href":2713},[15,46076,2716],{},[33,46078,46079],{},[285,46080,45553],{"href":45552},[33,46082,46083],{},[285,46084,13,46086,1713],{"href":46085},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46087,46088],{},"print()",[1751,46090,46091],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":46093},[46094,46095,46097,46098,46100,46106,46114,46115,46116,46125],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":44556,"depth":100,"text":46096},"What input() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":44785,"depth":100,"text":46099},"What input() returns",{"id":44988,"depth":100,"text":44989,"children":46101},[46102,46103,46105],{"id":44992,"depth":122,"text":44993},{"id":45045,"depth":122,"text":46104},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45116,"depth":122,"text":45117},{"id":45351,"depth":100,"text":45352,"children":46107},[46108,46110,46111,46113],{"id":45360,"depth":122,"text":46109},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45428,"depth":122,"text":45429},{"id":45503,"depth":122,"text":46112},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45556,"depth":122,"text":45557},{"id":45648,"depth":100,"text":45649},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":46117},[46118,46120,46122,46124],{"id":45995,"depth":122,"text":46119},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46009,"depth":122,"text":46121},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46021,"depth":122,"text":46123},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46040,"depth":122,"text":46041},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":41828,"description":46126},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46133,"title":41730,"body":46134,"description":48447,"extension":1791,"meta":48448,"navigation":346,"path":48449,"seo":48450,"stem":48451,"__hash__":48452},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46135,"toc":48399},[46136,46141,46146,46151,46172,46175,46177,46237,46239,46258,46263,46268,46273,46275,46288,46290,46373,46375,46416,46422,46424,46454,46460,46463,46480,46482,46534,46536,46554,46560,46566,46569,46587,46589,46662,46664,46683,46690,46696,46701,46704,46764,46766,46785,46788,46791,46806,46812,46816,46877,46879,46900,46904,47033,47035,47165,47175,47181,47187,47195,47261,47263,47288,47291,47308,47321,47327,47330,47363,47365,47378,47381,47424,47426,47434,47441,47445,47452,47456,47483,47485,47493,47499,47516,47521,47525,47552,47554,47562,47566,47571,47574,47600,47603,47612,47620,47624,47634,47638,47641,47643,47694,47696,47726,47736,47763,47765,47773,47783,47787,47790,47792,47840,47842,47886,47892,47943,47945,47964,47969,47974,47977,47996,47999,48051,48053,48062,48064,48068,48072,48075,48084,48091,48093,48120,48124,48126,48135,48138,48145,48151,48211,48215,48217,48225,48228,48254,48260,48263,48283,48285,48294,48302,48304,48310,48315,48322,48332,48338,48346,48350,48353,48355,48396],[10,46137,13,46139,18],{"id":46138},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46140,2710],{},[20,46142,31943,46143,46145],{},[15,46144,2710],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46147,35034,46148,46150],{},[15,46149,2710],{}," when they want to:",[30,46152,46153,46163,46166,46169],{},[33,46154,46155,46156,46159,46160],{},"turn text like ",[15,46157,46158],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46161,46162],{},"42",[33,46164,46165],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[33,46167,46168],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[33,46170,46171],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46173,46174],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[50,46176,1833],{"id":1832},[55,46178,46180],{"className":57,"code":46179,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46181,46182,46200,46214],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,46183,46184,46186,46188,46190,46192,46194,46196,46198],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,46185,125],{"class":108},[64,46187,112],{"class":78},[64,46189,2019],{"class":357},[64,46191,112],{"class":78},[64,46193,2686],{"class":320},[64,46195,46162],{"class":329},[64,46197,2686],{"class":320},[64,46199,471],{"class":78},[64,46201,46202,46204,46206,46208,46210,46212],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,46203,125],{"class":108},[64,46205,112],{"class":78},[64,46207,2019],{"class":357},[64,46209,112],{"class":78},[64,46211,41618],{"class":82},[64,46213,471],{"class":78},[64,46215,46216,46218,46220,46222,46224,46226,46229,46231,46233,46235],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,46217,125],{"class":108},[64,46219,112],{"class":78},[64,46221,2019],{"class":357},[64,46223,112],{"class":78},[64,46225,2686],{"class":320},[64,46227,46228],{"class":329},"101",[64,46230,2686],{"class":320},[64,46232,86],{"class":78},[64,46234,89],{"class":82},[64,46236,471],{"class":78},[20,46238,384],{},[55,46240,46242],{"className":57,"code":46241,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46243,46244,46249,46254],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,46245,46246],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,46247,46248],{"class":82},"42\n",[64,46250,46251],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,46252,46253],{"class":82},"3\n",[64,46255,46256],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,46257,2779],{"class":82},[20,46259,1923,46260,46262],{},[15,46261,2710],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[50,46264,152,46266,155],{"id":46265},"what-int-does",[15,46267,2710],{},[20,46269,46270,46272],{},[15,46271,2710],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46274,12666],{},[30,46276,46277,46282,46285],{},[33,46278,46279,46280,6938],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46281,2019],{},[33,46283,46284],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[33,46286,46287],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46289,916],{},[55,46291,46293],{"className":57,"code":46292,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46294,46295,46307,46321,46325,46335,46345,46359],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,46296,46297,46299,46301,46303,46305],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,46298,34315],{"class":70},[64,46300,75],{"class":74},[64,46302,3184],{"class":320},[64,46304,8799],{"class":329},[64,46306,3190],{"class":320},[64,46308,46309,46311,46313,46315,46317,46319],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,46310,2048],{"class":70},[64,46312,75],{"class":74},[64,46314,44912],{"class":357},[64,46316,112],{"class":78},[64,46318,34336],{"class":115},[64,46320,119],{"class":78},[64,46322,46323],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,46324,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,46326,46327,46329,46331,46333],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,46328,125],{"class":108},[64,46330,112],{"class":78},[64,46332,34336],{"class":115},[64,46334,119],{"class":78},[64,46336,46337,46339,46341,46343],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,46338,125],{"class":108},[64,46340,112],{"class":78},[64,46342,2069],{"class":115},[64,46344,119],{"class":78},[64,46346,46347,46349,46351,46353,46355,46357],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,46348,125],{"class":108},[64,46350,112],{"class":78},[64,46352,3052],{"class":357},[64,46354,112],{"class":78},[64,46356,34336],{"class":115},[64,46358,471],{"class":78},[64,46360,46361,46363,46365,46367,46369,46371],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,46362,125],{"class":108},[64,46364,112],{"class":78},[64,46366,3052],{"class":357},[64,46368,112],{"class":78},[64,46370,2069],{"class":115},[64,46372,471],{"class":78},[20,46374,384],{},[55,46376,46378],{"className":57,"code":46377,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46379,46380,46384,46388,46402],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,46381,46382],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,46383,2539],{"class":82},[64,46385,46386],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,46387,2539],{"class":82},[64,46389,46390,46392,46394,46396,46398,46400],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,46391,3121],{"class":74},[64,46393,3124],{"class":1895},[64,46395,326],{"class":320},[64,46397,3276],{"class":329},[64,46399,333],{"class":320},[64,46401,3133],{"class":74},[64,46403,46404,46406,46408,46410,46412,46414],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,46405,3121],{"class":74},[64,46407,3124],{"class":1895},[64,46409,326],{"class":320},[64,46411,2019],{"class":329},[64,46413,333],{"class":320},[64,46415,3133],{"class":74},[20,46417,46418,46419,46421],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46420,2710],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[50,46423,1988],{"id":1987},[55,46425,46427],{"className":57,"code":46426,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46428,46429,46439],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,46430,46431,46433,46435,46437],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,46432,2019],{"class":357},[64,46434,112],{"class":78},[64,46436,363],{"class":115},[64,46438,119],{"class":78},[64,46440,46441,46443,46445,46447,46449,46452],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,46442,2019],{"class":357},[64,46444,112],{"class":78},[64,46446,363],{"class":115},[64,46448,86],{"class":78},[64,46450,46451],{"class":115}," base",[64,46453,119],{"class":78},[428,46455,46457],{"id":46456},"intx",[15,46458,46459],{},"int(x)",[20,46461,46462],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[30,46464,46465,46470,46475],{},[33,46466,46467,46468],{},"a string such as ",[15,46469,41760],{},[33,46471,46472,46473],{},"a float such as ",[15,46474,41618],{},[33,46476,46477,46478],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46479,47],{},[20,46481,916],{},[55,46483,46485],{"className":57,"code":46484,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46486,46487,46505,46520],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,46488,46489,46491,46493,46495,46497,46499,46501,46503],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,46490,125],{"class":108},[64,46492,112],{"class":78},[64,46494,2019],{"class":357},[64,46496,112],{"class":78},[64,46498,2686],{"class":320},[64,46500,2160],{"class":329},[64,46502,2686],{"class":320},[64,46504,471],{"class":78},[64,46506,46507,46509,46511,46513,46515,46518],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,46508,125],{"class":108},[64,46510,112],{"class":78},[64,46512,2019],{"class":357},[64,46514,112],{"class":78},[64,46516,46517],{"class":82},"8.7",[64,46519,471],{"class":78},[64,46521,46522,46524,46526,46528,46530,46532],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,46523,125],{"class":108},[64,46525,112],{"class":78},[64,46527,2019],{"class":357},[64,46529,112],{"class":78},[64,46531,47],{"class":338},[64,46533,471],{"class":78},[20,46535,384],{},[55,46537,46539],{"className":57,"code":46538,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46540,46541,46545,46549],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,46542,46543],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,46544,2206],{"class":82},[64,46546,46547],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,46548,2211],{"class":82},[64,46550,46551],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,46552,46553],{"class":82},"1\n",[428,46555,46557],{"id":46556},"intx-base",[15,46558,46559],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46561,46562,46563,46565],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46564,363],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46567,46568],{},"Common bases:",[30,46570,46571,46576,46581],{},[33,46572,46573,46575],{},[15,46574,815],{}," for binary",[33,46577,46578,46580],{},[15,46579,2175],{}," for octal",[33,46582,46583,46586],{},[15,46584,46585],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46588,916],{},[55,46590,46592],{"className":57,"code":46591,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46593,46594,46616,46639],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,46595,46596,46598,46600,46602,46604,46606,46608,46610,46612,46614],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,46597,125],{"class":108},[64,46599,112],{"class":78},[64,46601,2019],{"class":357},[64,46603,112],{"class":78},[64,46605,2686],{"class":320},[64,46607,46228],{"class":329},[64,46609,2686],{"class":320},[64,46611,86],{"class":78},[64,46613,89],{"class":82},[64,46615,471],{"class":78},[64,46617,46618,46620,46622,46624,46626,46628,46631,46633,46635,46637],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,46619,125],{"class":108},[64,46621,112],{"class":78},[64,46623,2019],{"class":357},[64,46625,112],{"class":78},[64,46627,2686],{"class":320},[64,46629,46630],{"class":329},"17",[64,46632,2686],{"class":320},[64,46634,86],{"class":78},[64,46636,5955],{"class":82},[64,46638,471],{"class":78},[64,46640,46641,46643,46645,46647,46649,46651,46654,46656,46658,46660],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,46642,125],{"class":108},[64,46644,112],{"class":78},[64,46646,2019],{"class":357},[64,46648,112],{"class":78},[64,46650,2686],{"class":320},[64,46652,46653],{"class":329},"1A",[64,46655,2686],{"class":320},[64,46657,86],{"class":78},[64,46659,13603],{"class":82},[64,46661,471],{"class":78},[20,46663,384],{},[55,46665,46667],{"className":57,"code":46666,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46668,46669,46673,46678],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,46670,46671],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,46672,2779],{"class":82},[64,46674,46675],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,46676,46677],{"class":82},"15\n",[64,46679,46680],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,46681,46682],{"class":82},"26\n",[20,46684,46685,46686,148],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[285,46687,46688,2132],{"href":2713},[15,46689,2716],{},[50,46691,8020,46693,46695],{"id":46692},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46694,2710],{}," with strings",[20,46697,46698,46700],{},[15,46699,2710],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46702,46703],{},"Examples that work:",[55,46705,46707],{"className":57,"code":46706,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46708,46709,46727,46745],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,46710,46711,46713,46715,46717,46719,46721,46723,46725],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,46712,125],{"class":108},[64,46714,112],{"class":78},[64,46716,2019],{"class":357},[64,46718,112],{"class":78},[64,46720,2686],{"class":320},[64,46722,1107],{"class":329},[64,46724,2686],{"class":320},[64,46726,471],{"class":78},[64,46728,46729,46731,46733,46735,46737,46739,46741,46743],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,46730,125],{"class":108},[64,46732,112],{"class":78},[64,46734,2019],{"class":357},[64,46736,112],{"class":78},[64,46738,2686],{"class":320},[64,46740,2121],{"class":329},[64,46742,2686],{"class":320},[64,46744,471],{"class":78},[64,46746,46747,46749,46751,46753,46755,46757,46760,46762],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,46748,125],{"class":108},[64,46750,112],{"class":78},[64,46752,2019],{"class":357},[64,46754,112],{"class":78},[64,46756,2686],{"class":320},[64,46758,46759],{"class":329},"  42  ",[64,46761,2686],{"class":320},[64,46763,471],{"class":78},[20,46765,384],{},[55,46767,46769],{"className":57,"code":46768,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,46770,46771,46775,46781],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,46772,46773],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,46774,2779],{"class":82},[64,46776,46777,46779],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,46778,1852],{"class":74},[64,46780,2055],{"class":82},[64,46782,46783],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,46784,46248],{"class":82},[20,46786,46787],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,46789,46790],{},"Examples that fail:",[55,46792,46794],{"className":57,"code":46793,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,46795,46796,46801],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,46797,46798],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,46799,46800],{"class":136},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[64,46802,46803],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,46804,46805],{"class":136},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,46807,46808,46809,46811],{},"These raise ",[15,46810,40337],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[428,46813,46815],{"id":46814},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[55,46817,46819],{"className":57,"code":46818,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,46820,46821,46839,46858],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,46822,46823,46825,46827,46829,46831,46833,46835,46837],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,46824,125],{"class":108},[64,46826,112],{"class":78},[64,46828,2019],{"class":357},[64,46830,112],{"class":78},[64,46832,2686],{"class":320},[64,46834,243],{"class":329},[64,46836,2686],{"class":320},[64,46838,471],{"class":78},[64,46840,46841,46843,46845,46847,46849,46851,46854,46856],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,46842,125],{"class":108},[64,46844,112],{"class":78},[64,46846,2019],{"class":357},[64,46848,112],{"class":78},[64,46850,2686],{"class":320},[64,46852,46853],{"class":329},"+7",[64,46855,2686],{"class":320},[64,46857,471],{"class":78},[64,46859,46860,46862,46864,46866,46868,46870,46873,46875],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,46861,125],{"class":108},[64,46863,112],{"class":78},[64,46865,2019],{"class":357},[64,46867,112],{"class":78},[64,46869,2686],{"class":320},[64,46871,46872],{"class":329},"-100",[64,46874,2686],{"class":320},[64,46876,471],{"class":78},[20,46878,384],{},[55,46880,46882],{"className":57,"code":46881,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,46883,46884,46889,46893],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,46885,46886],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,46887,46888],{"class":82},"0\n",[64,46890,46891],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,46892,1910],{"class":82},[64,46894,46895,46897],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,46896,1852],{"class":74},[64,46898,46899],{"class":82},"100\n",[428,46901,46903],{"id":46902},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[55,46905,46907],{"className":57,"code":46906,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,46908,46909,46947,46951,46963,46970,46985,47000],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,46910,46911,46913,46915,46917,46919,46921,46923,46925,46927,46930,46932,46934,46936,46938,46940,46943,46945],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,46912,304],{"class":70},[64,46914,75],{"class":74},[64,46916,79],{"class":78},[64,46918,2686],{"class":320},[64,46920,39776],{"class":329},[64,46922,2686],{"class":320},[64,46924,86],{"class":78},[64,46926,3184],{"class":320},[64,46928,46929],{"class":329},"12abc",[64,46931,2686],{"class":320},[64,46933,86],{"class":78},[64,46935,5721],{"class":320},[64,46937,86],{"class":78},[64,46939,3184],{"class":320},[64,46941,46942],{"class":329},"seven",[64,46944,2686],{"class":320},[64,46946,97],{"class":78},[64,46948,46949],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,46950,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,46952,46953,46955,46957,46959,46961],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,46954,5552],{"class":368},[64,46956,21205],{"class":70},[64,46958,375],{"class":368},[64,46960,378],{"class":70},[64,46962,5989],{"class":78},[64,46964,46965,46968],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,46966,46967],{"class":368},"    try",[64,46969,5989],{"class":78},[64,46971,46972,46975,46977,46979,46981,46983],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,46973,46974],{"class":108},"        print",[64,46976,112],{"class":78},[64,46978,2019],{"class":357},[64,46980,112],{"class":78},[64,46982,2302],{"class":115},[64,46984,471],{"class":78},[64,46986,46987,46990,46992,46995,46998],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,46988,46989],{"class":368},"    except",[64,46991,41560],{"class":357},[64,46993,46994],{"class":368}," as",[64,46996,46997],{"class":70}," error",[64,46999,5989],{"class":78},[64,47001,47002,47004,47006,47008,47010,47012,47014,47017,47019,47022,47024,47027,47029,47031],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,47003,46974],{"class":108},[64,47005,112],{"class":78},[64,47007,21915],{"class":1895},[64,47009,2686],{"class":329},[64,47011,8884],{"class":82},[64,47013,2302],{"class":115},[64,47015,47016],{"class":1895},"!r",[64,47018,21924],{"class":82},[64,47020,47021],{"class":329}," -> ",[64,47023,8884],{"class":82},[64,47025,47026],{"class":115},"error",[64,47028,21924],{"class":82},[64,47030,2686],{"class":329},[64,47032,119],{"class":78},[20,47034,384],{},[55,47036,47038],{"className":57,"code":47037,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47039,47040,47076,47108,47133],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,47041,47042,47044,47046,47048,47051,47054,47056,47058,47060,47063,47066,47068,47070,47072,47074],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47043,333],{"class":42963},[64,47045,39776],{"class":42967},[64,47047,333],{"class":42963},[64,47049,47050],{"class":36998}," ->",[64,47052,47053],{"class":70}," invalid literal ",[64,47055,5552],{"class":368},[64,47057,44912],{"class":357},[64,47059,6964],{"class":78},[64,47061,47062],{"class":368}," with",[64,47064,47065],{"class":70}," base ",[64,47067,2160],{"class":82},[64,47069,160],{"class":78},[64,47071,326],{"class":320},[64,47073,39776],{"class":329},[64,47075,29324],{"class":320},[64,47077,47078,47080,47082,47084,47086,47088,47090,47092,47094,47096,47098,47100,47102,47104,47106],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,47079,333],{"class":320},[64,47081,46929],{"class":329},[64,47083,333],{"class":320},[64,47085,47050],{"class":36998},[64,47087,47053],{"class":70},[64,47089,5552],{"class":368},[64,47091,44912],{"class":357},[64,47093,6964],{"class":78},[64,47095,47062],{"class":368},[64,47097,47065],{"class":70},[64,47099,2160],{"class":82},[64,47101,160],{"class":78},[64,47103,326],{"class":320},[64,47105,46929],{"class":329},[64,47107,29324],{"class":320},[64,47109,47110,47112,47114,47116,47118,47120,47122,47124,47126,47128,47130],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,47111,253],{"class":320},[64,47113,47050],{"class":36998},[64,47115,47053],{"class":70},[64,47117,5552],{"class":368},[64,47119,44912],{"class":357},[64,47121,6964],{"class":78},[64,47123,47062],{"class":368},[64,47125,47065],{"class":70},[64,47127,2160],{"class":82},[64,47129,160],{"class":78},[64,47131,47132],{"class":320}," ''\n",[64,47134,47135,47137,47139,47141,47143,47145,47147,47149,47151,47153,47155,47157,47159,47161,47163],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,47136,333],{"class":320},[64,47138,46942],{"class":329},[64,47140,333],{"class":320},[64,47142,47050],{"class":36998},[64,47144,47053],{"class":70},[64,47146,5552],{"class":368},[64,47148,44912],{"class":357},[64,47150,6964],{"class":78},[64,47152,47062],{"class":368},[64,47154,47065],{"class":70},[64,47156,2160],{"class":82},[64,47158,160],{"class":78},[64,47160,326],{"class":320},[64,47162,46942],{"class":329},[64,47164,29324],{"class":320},[20,47166,47167,47168,47170,47171,148],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[285,47169,8586],{"href":8585}," and the ",[285,47172,47173,2132],{"href":7821},[15,47174,2790],{},[50,47176,8020,47178,47180],{"id":47177},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47179,2710],{}," with floats",[20,47182,47183,47184,47186],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47185,2710],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47188,47189,47190,13669,47192,47194],{},"Important: ",[15,47191,2710],{},[221,47193,1138],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[55,47196,47198],{"className":57,"code":47197,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47199,47200,47214,47229,47245],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,47201,47202,47204,47206,47208,47210,47212],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47203,125],{"class":108},[64,47205,112],{"class":78},[64,47207,2019],{"class":357},[64,47209,112],{"class":78},[64,47211,41618],{"class":82},[64,47213,471],{"class":78},[64,47215,47216,47218,47220,47222,47224,47227],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,47217,125],{"class":108},[64,47219,112],{"class":78},[64,47221,2019],{"class":357},[64,47223,112],{"class":78},[64,47225,47226],{"class":82},"3.1",[64,47228,471],{"class":78},[64,47230,47231,47233,47235,47237,47239,47241,47243],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,47232,125],{"class":108},[64,47234,112],{"class":78},[64,47236,2019],{"class":357},[64,47238,112],{"class":78},[64,47240,1852],{"class":74},[64,47242,41618],{"class":82},[64,47244,471],{"class":78},[64,47246,47247,47249,47251,47253,47255,47257,47259],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,47248,125],{"class":108},[64,47250,112],{"class":78},[64,47252,2019],{"class":357},[64,47254,112],{"class":78},[64,47256,1852],{"class":74},[64,47258,47226],{"class":82},[64,47260,471],{"class":78},[20,47262,384],{},[55,47264,47266],{"className":57,"code":47265,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47267,47268,47272,47276,47282],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,47269,47270],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47271,46253],{"class":82},[64,47273,47274],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,47275,46253],{"class":82},[64,47277,47278,47280],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,47279,1852],{"class":74},[64,47281,46253],{"class":82},[64,47283,47284,47286],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,47285,1852],{"class":74},[64,47287,46253],{"class":82},[20,47289,47290],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[30,47292,47293,47300],{},[33,47294,47295,41789,47298],{},[15,47296,47297],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47299,1892],{},[33,47301,47302,41789,47305],{},[15,47303,47304],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47306,47307],{},"-3",[20,47309,47310,47311,47315,47316,148],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[285,47312,47313],{"href":2713},[15,47314,2716],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[285,47317,47318],{"href":41809},[15,47319,47320],{},"str()",[50,47322,8020,47324,47326],{"id":47323},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47325,2710],{}," with booleans",[20,47328,47329],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[55,47331,47333],{"className":57,"code":47332,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47334,47335,47349],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,47336,47337,47339,47341,47343,47345,47347],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47338,125],{"class":108},[64,47340,112],{"class":78},[64,47342,2019],{"class":357},[64,47344,112],{"class":78},[64,47346,47],{"class":338},[64,47348,471],{"class":78},[64,47350,47351,47353,47355,47357,47359,47361],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,47352,125],{"class":108},[64,47354,112],{"class":78},[64,47356,2019],{"class":357},[64,47358,112],{"class":78},[64,47360,147],{"class":338},[64,47362,471],{"class":78},[20,47364,384],{},[55,47366,47368],{"className":57,"code":47367,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"1\n0\n",[15,47369,47370,47374],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,47371,47372],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47373,46553],{"class":82},[64,47375,47376],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,47377,46888],{"class":82},[20,47379,47380],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[55,47382,47384],{"className":57,"code":47383,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47385,47386,47395,47410,47414],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,47387,47388,47391,47393],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47389,47390],{"class":70},"passed ",[64,47392,75],{"class":74},[64,47394,6019],{"class":338},[64,47396,47397,47399,47401,47403,47405,47408],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,47398,40816],{"class":70},[64,47400,75],{"class":74},[64,47402,44912],{"class":357},[64,47404,112],{"class":78},[64,47406,47407],{"class":115},"passed",[64,47409,119],{"class":78},[64,47411,47412],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,47413,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,47415,47416,47418,47420,47422],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,47417,125],{"class":108},[64,47419,112],{"class":78},[64,47421,40845],{"class":115},[64,47423,119],{"class":78},[20,47425,384],{},[55,47427,47428],{"className":57,"code":46553,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,47429,47430],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,47431,47432],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47433,46553],{"class":82},[20,47435,47436,47437,148],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[285,47438,47439,2132],{"href":5374},[15,47440,294],{},[50,47442,47444],{"id":47443},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47446,47447,47448,47451],{},"Use the ",[15,47449,47450],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[428,47453,47455],{"id":47454},"binary-example","Binary example",[55,47457,47459],{"className":57,"code":47458,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47460,47461],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,47462,47463,47465,47467,47469,47471,47473,47475,47477,47479,47481],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47464,125],{"class":108},[64,47466,112],{"class":78},[64,47468,2019],{"class":357},[64,47470,112],{"class":78},[64,47472,2686],{"class":320},[64,47474,46228],{"class":329},[64,47476,2686],{"class":320},[64,47478,86],{"class":78},[64,47480,89],{"class":82},[64,47482,471],{"class":78},[20,47484,384],{},[55,47486,47487],{"className":57,"code":2779,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,47488,47489],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,47490,47491],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47492,2779],{"class":82},[20,47494,47495,47498],{},[15,47496,47497],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[30,47500,47501,47506,47511],{},[33,47502,47503],{},[15,47504,47505],{},"1 × 4",[33,47507,47508],{},[15,47509,47510],{},"0 × 2",[33,47512,47513],{},[15,47514,47515],{},"1 × 1",[20,47517,47518,47519,148],{},"So the result is ",[15,47520,1107],{},[428,47522,47524],{"id":47523},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[55,47526,47528],{"className":57,"code":47527,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47529,47530],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,47531,47532,47534,47536,47538,47540,47542,47544,47546,47548,47550],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47533,125],{"class":108},[64,47535,112],{"class":78},[64,47537,2019],{"class":357},[64,47539,112],{"class":78},[64,47541,2686],{"class":320},[64,47543,46653],{"class":329},[64,47545,2686],{"class":320},[64,47547,86],{"class":78},[64,47549,13603],{"class":82},[64,47551,471],{"class":78},[20,47553,384],{},[55,47555,47556],{"className":57,"code":46682,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,47557,47558],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,47559,47560],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47561,46682],{"class":82},[428,47563,47565],{"id":47564},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47567,1808,47568,47570],{},[15,47569,47450],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47572,47573],{},"Good:",[55,47575,47576],{"className":57,"code":47458,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,47577,47578],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,47579,47580,47582,47584,47586,47588,47590,47592,47594,47596,47598],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47581,125],{"class":108},[64,47583,112],{"class":78},[64,47585,2019],{"class":357},[64,47587,112],{"class":78},[64,47589,2686],{"class":320},[64,47591,46228],{"class":329},[64,47593,2686],{"class":320},[64,47595,86],{"class":78},[64,47597,89],{"class":82},[64,47599,471],{"class":78},[20,47601,47602],{},"Not correct:",[55,47604,47606],{"className":57,"code":47605,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47607,47608],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,47609,47610],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47611,47605],{"class":136},[20,47613,47614,47615,8205,47617,47619],{},"That causes a ",[15,47616,2835],{},[15,47618,47450],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[50,47621,47623],{"id":47622},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47625,47626,47627,47629,47630,896,47632,148],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47628,2710],{}," are ",[15,47631,40337],{},[15,47633,2835],{},[428,47635,47636],{"id":41147},[15,47637,40337],{},[20,47639,47640],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47642,916],{},[55,47644,47646],{"className":57,"code":47645,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47647,47648,47654,47672,47684],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,47649,47650,47652],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47651,29428],{"class":368},[64,47653,5989],{"class":78},[64,47655,47656,47658,47660,47662,47664,47666,47668,47670],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,47657,7670],{"class":108},[64,47659,112],{"class":78},[64,47661,2019],{"class":357},[64,47663,112],{"class":78},[64,47665,2686],{"class":320},[64,47667,39776],{"class":329},[64,47669,2686],{"class":320},[64,47671,471],{"class":78},[64,47673,47674,47676,47678,47680,47682],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,47675,29459],{"class":368},[64,47677,41560],{"class":357},[64,47679,46994],{"class":368},[64,47681,46997],{"class":70},[64,47683,5989],{"class":78},[64,47685,47686,47688,47690,47692],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,47687,7670],{"class":108},[64,47689,112],{"class":78},[64,47691,47026],{"class":115},[64,47693,119],{"class":78},[20,47695,384],{},[55,47697,47699],{"className":57,"code":47698,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47700,47701],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,47702,47703,47706,47708,47710,47712,47714,47716,47718,47720,47722,47724],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47704,47705],{"class":70},"invalid literal ",[64,47707,5552],{"class":368},[64,47709,44912],{"class":357},[64,47711,6964],{"class":78},[64,47713,47062],{"class":368},[64,47715,47065],{"class":70},[64,47717,2160],{"class":82},[64,47719,160],{"class":78},[64,47721,326],{"class":320},[64,47723,39776],{"class":329},[64,47725,29324],{"class":320},[20,47727,47728,47729,47732,47733,47735],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,47730,47731],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,47734,2710],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[55,47737,47739],{"className":57,"code":47738,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,47740,47741],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,47742,47743,47745,47747,47749,47751,47753,47755,47757,47759,47761],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47744,125],{"class":108},[64,47746,112],{"class":78},[64,47748,2019],{"class":357},[64,47750,112],{"class":78},[64,47752,2023],{"class":357},[64,47754,112],{"class":78},[64,47756,2686],{"class":320},[64,47758,39776],{"class":329},[64,47760,2686],{"class":320},[64,47762,2744],{"class":78},[20,47764,384],{},[55,47766,47767],{"className":57,"code":46253,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,47768,47769],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,47770,47771],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47772,46253],{"class":82},[20,47774,47775,47776,896,47779,148],{},"If you see this often, read ",[285,47777,47778],{"href":2794},"how to convert string to int in Python",[285,47780,25302,47781],{"href":45552},[15,47782,45553],{},[428,47784,47785],{"id":41213},[15,47786,2835],{},[20,47788,47789],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,47791,916],{},[55,47793,47795],{"className":57,"code":47794,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47796,47797,47803,47817,47830],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,47798,47799,47801],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47800,29428],{"class":368},[64,47802,5989],{"class":78},[64,47804,47805,47807,47809,47811,47813,47815],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,47806,7670],{"class":108},[64,47808,112],{"class":78},[64,47810,2019],{"class":357},[64,47812,112],{"class":78},[64,47814,258],{"class":338},[64,47816,471],{"class":78},[64,47818,47819,47821,47824,47826,47828],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,47820,29459],{"class":368},[64,47822,47823],{"class":357}," TypeError",[64,47825,46994],{"class":368},[64,47827,46997],{"class":70},[64,47829,5989],{"class":78},[64,47831,47832,47834,47836,47838],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,47833,7670],{"class":108},[64,47835,112],{"class":78},[64,47837,47026],{"class":115},[64,47839,119],{"class":78},[20,47841,384],{},[55,47843,47845],{"className":57,"code":47844,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,47846,47847],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,47848,47849,47851,47853,47856,47858,47860,47863,47865,47868,47870,47873,47875,47877,47879,47881,47884],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47850,2019],{"class":357},[64,47852,6964],{"class":78},[64,47854,47855],{"class":70}," argument must be a string",[64,47857,86],{"class":78},[64,47859,44180],{"class":70},[64,47861,47862],{"class":357},"bytes",[64,47864,1852],{"class":74},[64,47866,47867],{"class":70},"like ",[64,47869,42033],{"class":357},[64,47871,47872],{"class":74}," or",[64,47874,40473],{"class":70},[64,47876,86],{"class":78},[64,47878,7701],{"class":74},[64,47880,326],{"class":320},[64,47882,47883],{"class":329},"NoneType",[64,47885,29324],{"class":320},[20,47887,47888,47889,47891],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,47890,47450],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[55,47893,47895],{"className":57,"code":47894,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47896,47897,47903,47921,47933],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,47898,47899,47901],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47900,29428],{"class":368},[64,47902,5989],{"class":78},[64,47904,47905,47907,47909,47911,47913,47915,47917,47919],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,47906,7670],{"class":108},[64,47908,112],{"class":78},[64,47910,2019],{"class":357},[64,47912,112],{"class":78},[64,47914,46228],{"class":82},[64,47916,86],{"class":78},[64,47918,89],{"class":82},[64,47920,471],{"class":78},[64,47922,47923,47925,47927,47929,47931],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,47924,29459],{"class":368},[64,47926,47823],{"class":357},[64,47928,46994],{"class":368},[64,47930,46997],{"class":70},[64,47932,5989],{"class":78},[64,47934,47935,47937,47939,47941],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,47936,7670],{"class":108},[64,47938,112],{"class":78},[64,47940,47026],{"class":115},[64,47942,119],{"class":78},[20,47944,384],{},[55,47946,47948],{"className":57,"code":47947,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,47949,47950],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,47951,47952,47954,47956,47959,47961],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,47953,2019],{"class":357},[64,47955,6964],{"class":78},[64,47957,47958],{"class":70}," can",[64,47960,333],{"class":320},[64,47962,47963],{"class":329},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[50,47965,1471,47967],{"id":47966},"when-to-use-int",[15,47968,2710],{},[20,47970,1923,47971,47973],{},[15,47972,2710],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,47975,47976],{},"Common uses:",[30,47978,47979,47985,47988,47991],{},[33,47980,47981,47982,47984],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,47983,2790],{}," into integers",[33,47986,47987],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[33,47989,47990],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[33,47992,47993,47994,36246],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,47995,47450],{},[20,47997,47998],{},"Example with user input:",[55,48000,48002],{"className":57,"code":48001,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48003,48004,48018,48033,48037],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,48005,48006,48009,48011,48013,48016],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48007,48008],{"class":70},"age_text ",[64,48010,75],{"class":74},[64,48012,3184],{"class":320},[64,48014,48015],{"class":329},"18",[64,48017,3190],{"class":320},[64,48019,48020,48022,48024,48026,48028,48031],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,48021,21249],{"class":70},[64,48023,75],{"class":74},[64,48025,44912],{"class":357},[64,48027,112],{"class":78},[64,48029,48030],{"class":115},"age_text",[64,48032,119],{"class":78},[64,48034,48035],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,48036,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,48038,48039,48041,48043,48045,48047,48049],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,48040,125],{"class":108},[64,48042,112],{"class":78},[64,48044,21249],{"class":115},[64,48046,1889],{"class":74},[64,48048,5091],{"class":82},[64,48050,119],{"class":78},[20,48052,384],{},[55,48054,48056],{"className":57,"code":48055,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"19\n",[15,48057,48058],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,48059,48060],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48061,48055],{"class":82},[50,48063,2661],{"id":2660},[20,48065,14349,48066,148],{},[15,48067,2710],{},[428,48069,48071],{"id":48070},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48073,48074],{},"This fails:",[55,48076,48078],{"className":57,"code":48077,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48079,48080],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,48081,48082],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48083,48077],{"class":136},[20,48085,48086,48087,48090],{},"Why: ",[15,48088,48089],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48092,18460],{},[55,48094,48096],{"className":57,"code":48095,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48097,48098],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,48099,48100,48102,48104,48106,48108,48110,48112,48114,48116,48118],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48101,125],{"class":108},[64,48103,112],{"class":78},[64,48105,2019],{"class":357},[64,48107,112],{"class":78},[64,48109,2023],{"class":357},[64,48111,112],{"class":78},[64,48113,2686],{"class":320},[64,48115,40757],{"class":329},[64,48117,2686],{"class":320},[64,48119,2744],{"class":78},[428,48121,48123],{"id":48122},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48125,48074],{},[55,48127,48129],{"className":57,"code":48128,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48130,48131],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,48132,48133],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48134,48128],{"class":136},[20,48136,48137],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[428,48139,48141,48142],{"id":48140},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48143,48144],{},"int(None)",[20,48146,48147,48148,48150],{},"This fails because ",[15,48149,258],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[55,48152,48154],{"className":57,"code":48153,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48155,48156,48165,48169,48175,48189,48201],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,48157,48158,48160,48162],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48159,2276],{"class":70},[64,48161,75],{"class":74},[64,48163,48164],{"class":338}," None\n",[64,48166,48167],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,48168,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,48170,48171,48173],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,48172,29428],{"class":368},[64,48174,5989],{"class":78},[64,48176,48177,48179,48181,48183,48185,48187],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,48178,7670],{"class":108},[64,48180,112],{"class":78},[64,48182,2019],{"class":357},[64,48184,112],{"class":78},[64,48186,2302],{"class":115},[64,48188,471],{"class":78},[64,48190,48191,48193,48195,48197,48199],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,48192,29459],{"class":368},[64,48194,47823],{"class":357},[64,48196,46994],{"class":368},[64,48198,46997],{"class":70},[64,48200,5989],{"class":78},[64,48202,48203,48205,48207,48209],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,48204,7670],{"class":108},[64,48206,112],{"class":78},[64,48208,47026],{"class":115},[64,48210,119],{"class":78},[428,48212,48214],{"id":48213},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48216,48074],{},[55,48218,48219],{"className":57,"code":47605,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,48220,48221],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,48222,48223],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48224,47605],{"class":136},[20,48226,48227],{},"Use a string instead:",[55,48229,48230],{"className":57,"code":47458,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,48231,48232],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,48233,48234,48236,48238,48240,48242,48244,48246,48248,48250,48252],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48235,125],{"class":108},[64,48237,112],{"class":78},[64,48239,2019],{"class":357},[64,48241,112],{"class":78},[64,48243,2686],{"class":320},[64,48245,46228],{"class":329},[64,48247,2686],{"class":320},[64,48249,86],{"class":78},[64,48251,89],{"class":82},[64,48253,471],{"class":78},[428,48255,8056,48257,48259],{"id":48256},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48258,2710],{}," to round",[20,48261,48262],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[55,48264,48266],{"className":57,"code":48265,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48267,48268],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,48269,48270,48272,48274,48276,48278,48281],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48271,125],{"class":108},[64,48273,112],{"class":78},[64,48275,2019],{"class":357},[64,48277,112],{"class":78},[64,48279,48280],{"class":82},"4.9",[64,48282,471],{"class":78},[20,48284,384],{},[55,48286,48288],{"className":57,"code":48287,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"4\n",[15,48289,48290],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,48291,48292],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48293,48287],{"class":82},[20,48295,2999,48296,48298,48299,48301],{},[15,48297,1107],{},", remember that ",[15,48300,2710],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[50,48303,1651],{"id":1650},[428,48305,12317,48307,48309],{"id":48306},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48308,2710],{}," round numbers?",[20,48311,46001,48312,48314],{},[15,48313,2710],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[428,48316,1671,48318,48321],{"id":48317},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48319,48320],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48323,28685,48324,48326,48327,48329,48330,39562],{},[15,48325,47731],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48328,2716],{}," first, then use ",[15,48331,2710],{},[428,48333,1655,48335,12329],{"id":48334},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48336,48337],{},"int(True)",[20,48339,1661,48340,27937,48342,41789,48344,148],{},[15,48341,83],{},[15,48343,147],{},[15,48345,243],{},[428,48347,48349],{"id":48348},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48351,48352],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[50,48354,1717],{"id":1716},[30,48356,48357,48363,48369,48375,48380,48384,48390],{},[33,48358,48359],{},[285,48360,48361,1713],{"href":2713},[15,48362,2716],{},[33,48364,48365],{},[285,48366,48367,1713],{"href":41809},[15,48368,47320],{},[33,48370,48371],{},[285,48372,48373,1713],{"href":5374},[15,48374,294],{},[33,48376,48377],{},[285,48378,48379],{"href":2794},"How to convert string to int in Python",[33,48381,48382],{},[285,48383,8663],{"href":8585},[33,48385,48386],{},[285,48387,48388,1713],{"href":7821},[15,48389,2790],{},[33,48391,48392],{},[285,48393,29972,48394],{"href":45552},[15,48395,45553],{},[1751,48397,48398],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":48400},[48401,48402,48404,48408,48413,48415,48417,48422,48426,48428,48437,48446],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":46265,"depth":100,"text":48403},"What int() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988,"children":48405},[48406,48407],{"id":46456,"depth":122,"text":46459},{"id":46556,"depth":122,"text":46559},{"id":46692,"depth":100,"text":48409,"children":48410},"Using int() with strings",[48411,48412],{"id":46814,"depth":122,"text":46815},{"id":46902,"depth":122,"text":46903},{"id":47177,"depth":100,"text":48414},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47323,"depth":100,"text":48416},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47443,"depth":100,"text":47444,"children":48418},[48419,48420,48421],{"id":47454,"depth":122,"text":47455},{"id":47523,"depth":122,"text":47524},{"id":47564,"depth":122,"text":47565},{"id":47622,"depth":100,"text":47623,"children":48423},[48424,48425],{"id":41147,"depth":122,"text":40337},{"id":41213,"depth":122,"text":2835},{"id":47966,"depth":100,"text":48427},"When to use int()",{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661,"children":48429},[48430,48431,48432,48434,48435],{"id":48070,"depth":122,"text":48071},{"id":48122,"depth":122,"text":48123},{"id":48140,"depth":122,"text":48433},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48213,"depth":122,"text":48214},{"id":48256,"depth":122,"text":48436},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":48438},[48439,48441,48443,48445],{"id":48306,"depth":122,"text":48440},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48317,"depth":122,"text":48442},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48334,"depth":122,"text":48444},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48348,"depth":122,"text":48349},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41730,"description":48447},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48454,"title":48455,"body":48456,"description":50292,"extension":1791,"meta":50293,"navigation":346,"path":44438,"seo":50294,"stem":50295,"__hash__":50296},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48457,"toc":50248},[48458,48463,48468,48476,48485,48487,48546,48552,48557,48562,48565,48593,48596,48599,48610,48620,48622,48624,48644,48648,48676,48678,48717,48719,48727,48729,48732,48736,48789,48791,48803,48807,48864,48866,48878,48884,48890,48894,48897,48900,48966,48968,48980,48986,48988,49040,49043,49084,49087,49094,49103,49109,49112,49145,49151,49154,49185,49191,49194,49206,49210,49215,49219,49377,49379,49394,49397,49401,49505,49507,49524,49528,49589,49591,49599,49602,49606,49673,49675,49684,49690,49692,49701,49703,49738,49743,49745,49775,49779,49781,49818,49821,49823,49860,49866,49868,49918,49920,49928,49938,49944,49948,49953,50002,50004,50017,50020,50022,50025,50100,50103,50122,50125,50155,50165,50167,50172,50179,50185,50191,50198,50206,50212,50215,50217,50245],[10,48459,13,48461,18],{"id":48460},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48462,44441],{},[20,48464,48465,48467],{},[15,48466,44441],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48469,48470,48471,212,48473,48475],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48472,47],{},[15,48474,147],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48477,48478,48479,48481,48482,48484],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48480,44441],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48483,2131],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[50,48486,53],{"id":52},[55,48488,48490],{"className":57,"code":48489,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48491,48492,48500,48504,48525],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,48493,48494,48496,48498],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48495,2276],{"class":70},[64,48497,75],{"class":74},[64,48499,2417],{"class":82},[64,48501,48502],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,48503,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,48505,48506,48508,48510,48513,48515,48517,48519,48521,48523],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,48507,125],{"class":108},[64,48509,112],{"class":78},[64,48511,48512],{"class":108},"isinstance",[64,48514,112],{"class":78},[64,48516,2302],{"class":115},[64,48518,86],{"class":78},[64,48520,44912],{"class":357},[64,48522,4954],{"class":78},[64,48524,43490],{"class":136},[64,48526,48527,48529,48531,48533,48535,48537,48539,48542,48544],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,48528,125],{"class":108},[64,48530,112],{"class":78},[64,48532,48512],{"class":108},[64,48534,112],{"class":78},[64,48536,2302],{"class":115},[64,48538,86],{"class":78},[64,48540,48541],{"class":357}," str",[64,48543,4954],{"class":78},[64,48545,43507],{"class":136},[20,48547,1923,48548,48551],{},[15,48549,48550],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[50,48553,152,48555,155],{"id":48554},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48556,44441],{},[20,48558,48559,48561],{},[15,48560,44441],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48563,48564],{},"It:",[30,48566,48567,48570,48576,48579],{},[33,48568,48569],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[33,48571,11034,48572,212,48574],{},[15,48573,47],{},[15,48575,147],{},[33,48577,48578],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[33,48580,48581,48582,2020,48584,2020,48586,2020,48588,16690,48591],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48583,3276],{},[15,48585,2019],{},[15,48587,7695],{},[15,48589,48590],{},"tuple",[15,48592,8426],{},[20,48594,48595],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48597,48598],{},"For example, you might want to:",[30,48600,48601,48604,48607],{},[33,48602,48603],{},"loop through a list",[33,48605,48606],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[33,48608,48609],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48611,48612,48613,212,48616,148],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[285,48614,44433],{"href":48615},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[285,48617,48619],{"href":48618},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[50,48621,1988],{"id":1987},[20,48623,1991],{},[55,48625,48627],{"className":57,"code":48626,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48628,48629],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,48630,48631,48633,48635,48637,48639,48642],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48632,48512],{"class":108},[64,48634,112],{"class":78},[64,48636,42033],{"class":357},[64,48638,86],{"class":78},[64,48640,48641],{"class":115}," classinfo",[64,48643,119],{"class":78},[428,48645,48647],{"id":48646},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[30,48649,48650,48655,48669],{},[33,48651,48652,48654],{},[15,48653,42033],{}," is the value you want to test",[33,48656,48657,48660,48661,2020,48663,2020,48665,2024,48667],{},[15,48658,48659],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48662,2019],{},[15,48664,3276],{},[15,48666,7695],{},[15,48668,8426],{},[33,48670,48671,48672,212,48674],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48673,47],{},[15,48675,147],{},[20,48677,916],{},[55,48679,48681],{"className":57,"code":48680,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48682,48683,48695,48699],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,48684,48685,48687,48689,48691,48693],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48686,7477],{"class":70},[64,48688,75],{"class":74},[64,48690,3184],{"class":320},[64,48692,11120],{"class":329},[64,48694,3190],{"class":320},[64,48696,48697],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,48698,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,48700,48701,48703,48705,48707,48709,48711,48713,48715],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,48702,125],{"class":108},[64,48704,112],{"class":78},[64,48706,48512],{"class":108},[64,48708,112],{"class":78},[64,48710,7267],{"class":115},[64,48712,86],{"class":78},[64,48714,48541],{"class":357},[64,48716,471],{"class":78},[20,48718,384],{},[55,48720,48721],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,48722,48723],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,48724,48725],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48726,476],{"class":338},[50,48728,11086],{"id":11085},[20,48730,48731],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[428,48733,48735],{"id":48734},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[55,48737,48739],{"className":57,"code":48738,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,48740,48741,48749,48753,48771],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,48742,48743,48745,48747],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48744,2276],{"class":70},[64,48746,75],{"class":74},[64,48748,44861],{"class":82},[64,48750,48751],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,48752,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,48754,48755,48757,48759,48761,48763,48765,48767,48769],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,48756,125],{"class":108},[64,48758,112],{"class":78},[64,48760,48512],{"class":108},[64,48762,112],{"class":78},[64,48764,2302],{"class":115},[64,48766,86],{"class":78},[64,48768,44912],{"class":357},[64,48770,471],{"class":78},[64,48772,48773,48775,48777,48779,48781,48783,48785,48787],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,48774,125],{"class":108},[64,48776,112],{"class":78},[64,48778,48512],{"class":108},[64,48780,112],{"class":78},[64,48782,2302],{"class":115},[64,48784,86],{"class":78},[64,48786,48541],{"class":357},[64,48788,471],{"class":78},[20,48790,384],{},[55,48792,48793],{"className":57,"code":43809,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,48794,48795,48799],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,48796,48797],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48798,476],{"class":338},[64,48800,48801],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,48802,537],{"class":338},[428,48804,48806],{"id":48805},"check-text","Check text",[55,48808,48810],{"className":57,"code":48809,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,48811,48812,48824,48828,48846],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,48813,48814,48816,48818,48820,48822],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48815,34315],{"class":70},[64,48817,75],{"class":74},[64,48819,3184],{"class":320},[64,48821,330],{"class":329},[64,48823,3190],{"class":320},[64,48825,48826],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,48827,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,48829,48830,48832,48834,48836,48838,48840,48842,48844],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,48831,125],{"class":108},[64,48833,112],{"class":78},[64,48835,48512],{"class":108},[64,48837,112],{"class":78},[64,48839,34336],{"class":115},[64,48841,86],{"class":78},[64,48843,48541],{"class":357},[64,48845,471],{"class":78},[64,48847,48848,48850,48852,48854,48856,48858,48860,48862],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,48849,125],{"class":108},[64,48851,112],{"class":78},[64,48853,48512],{"class":108},[64,48855,112],{"class":78},[64,48857,34336],{"class":115},[64,48859,86],{"class":78},[64,48861,44912],{"class":357},[64,48863,471],{"class":78},[20,48865,384],{},[55,48867,48868],{"className":57,"code":43809,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,48869,48870,48874],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,48871,48872],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48873,476],{"class":338},[64,48875,48876],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,48877,537],{"class":338},[20,48879,48880,48881,48883],{},"In both examples, ",[15,48882,44441],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,48885,48886,48887,148],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[285,48888,48889],{"href":2794},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[50,48891,48893],{"id":48892},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,48895,48896],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,48898,48899],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[55,48901,48903],{"className":57,"code":48902,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,48904,48905,48914,48918,48942],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,48906,48907,48909,48911],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48908,2276],{"class":70},[64,48910,75],{"class":74},[64,48912,48913],{"class":82}," 3.5\n",[64,48915,48916],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,48917,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,48919,48920,48922,48924,48926,48928,48930,48932,48934,48936,48938,48940],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,48921,125],{"class":108},[64,48923,112],{"class":78},[64,48925,48512],{"class":108},[64,48927,112],{"class":78},[64,48929,2302],{"class":115},[64,48931,86],{"class":78},[64,48933,8842],{"class":78},[64,48935,2019],{"class":357},[64,48937,86],{"class":78},[64,48939,39888],{"class":357},[64,48941,2744],{"class":78},[64,48943,48944,48946,48948,48950,48952,48954,48956,48958,48960,48962,48964],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,48945,125],{"class":108},[64,48947,112],{"class":78},[64,48949,48512],{"class":108},[64,48951,112],{"class":78},[64,48953,2302],{"class":115},[64,48955,86],{"class":78},[64,48957,8842],{"class":78},[64,48959,3276],{"class":357},[64,48961,86],{"class":78},[64,48963,22181],{"class":357},[64,48965,2744],{"class":78},[20,48967,384],{},[55,48969,48970],{"className":57,"code":43809,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,48971,48972,48976],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,48973,48974],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48975,476],{"class":338},[64,48977,48978],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,48979,537],{"class":338},[20,48981,48982,48983,48985],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,48984,40470],{}," conditions.",[20,48987,7900],{},[55,48989,48991],{"className":57,"code":48990,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,48992,48993,49001,49005],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,48994,48995,48997,48999],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,48996,2276],{"class":70},[64,48998,75],{"class":74},[64,49000,48913],{"class":82},[64,49002,49003],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,49004,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,49006,49007,49009,49011,49013,49015,49017,49019,49021,49023,49025,49028,49030,49032,49034,49036,49038],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,49008,125],{"class":108},[64,49010,112],{"class":78},[64,49012,3052],{"class":357},[64,49014,112],{"class":78},[64,49016,2302],{"class":115},[64,49018,133],{"class":78},[64,49020,6004],{"class":74},[64,49022,44912],{"class":357},[64,49024,47872],{"class":368},[64,49026,49027],{"class":357}," type",[64,49029,112],{"class":78},[64,49031,2302],{"class":115},[64,49033,133],{"class":78},[64,49035,6004],{"class":74},[64,49037,39888],{"class":357},[64,49039,119],{"class":78},[20,49041,49042],{},"you can write this:",[55,49044,49046],{"className":57,"code":49045,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49047,49048,49056,49060],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,49049,49050,49052,49054],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49051,2276],{"class":70},[64,49053,75],{"class":74},[64,49055,48913],{"class":82},[64,49057,49058],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,49059,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,49061,49062,49064,49066,49068,49070,49072,49074,49076,49078,49080,49082],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,49063,125],{"class":108},[64,49065,112],{"class":78},[64,49067,48512],{"class":108},[64,49069,112],{"class":78},[64,49071,2302],{"class":115},[64,49073,86],{"class":78},[64,49075,8842],{"class":78},[64,49077,2019],{"class":357},[64,49079,86],{"class":78},[64,49081,39888],{"class":357},[64,49083,2744],{"class":78},[20,49085,49086],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[50,49088,49090,10193,49092],{"id":49089},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49091,44441],{},[15,49093,2131],{},[20,49095,10198,49096,896,49098,49102],{},[15,49097,44441],{},[285,49099,49100],{"href":2128},[15,49101,2131],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[428,49104,49106],{"id":49105},"typevalue-int",[15,49107,49108],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49110,49111],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[55,49113,49115],{"className":57,"code":49114,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49116,49117,49125],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,49118,49119,49121,49123],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49120,2276],{"class":70},[64,49122,75],{"class":74},[64,49124,2417],{"class":82},[64,49126,49127,49129,49131,49133,49135,49137,49139,49141,49143],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,49128,125],{"class":108},[64,49130,112],{"class":78},[64,49132,3052],{"class":357},[64,49134,112],{"class":78},[64,49136,2302],{"class":115},[64,49138,133],{"class":78},[64,49140,6004],{"class":74},[64,49142,44912],{"class":357},[64,49144,119],{"class":78},[428,49146,49148],{"id":49147},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49149,49150],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49152,49153],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[55,49155,49157],{"className":57,"code":49156,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49158,49159,49167],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,49160,49161,49163,49165],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49162,2276],{"class":70},[64,49164,75],{"class":74},[64,49166,2417],{"class":82},[64,49168,49169,49171,49173,49175,49177,49179,49181,49183],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,49170,125],{"class":108},[64,49172,112],{"class":78},[64,49174,48512],{"class":108},[64,49176,112],{"class":78},[64,49178,2302],{"class":115},[64,49180,86],{"class":78},[64,49182,44912],{"class":357},[64,49184,471],{"class":78},[20,49186,49187,49188,49190],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49189,44441],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49192,49193],{},"In everyday code:",[30,49195,49196,49201],{},[33,49197,39623,49198,49200],{},[15,49199,2131],{}," when you need the exact type",[33,49202,39623,49203,49205],{},[15,49204,44441],{}," when you want a practical type check",[50,49207,49209],{"id":49208},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49211,49212,49213,148],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49214,44441],{},[428,49216,49218],{"id":49217},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[55,49220,49222],{"className":57,"code":49221,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49223,49224,49242,49261,49273,49278,49296,49307,49311,49323,49327,49351],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,49225,49226,49228,49231,49233,49235,49237,49240],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49227,34479],{"class":1895},[64,49229,49230],{"class":34482}," repeat_text",[64,49232,112],{"class":78},[64,49234,34336],{"class":37294},[64,49236,86],{"class":78},[64,49238,49239],{"class":37294}," count",[64,49241,7944],{"class":78},[64,49243,49244,49246,49248,49251,49253,49255,49257,49259],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,49245,5994],{"class":368},[64,49247,7701],{"class":74},[64,49249,49250],{"class":108}," isinstance",[64,49252,112],{"class":78},[64,49254,34336],{"class":115},[64,49256,86],{"class":78},[64,49258,48541],{"class":357},[64,49260,7944],{"class":78},[64,49262,49263,49266,49268,49271],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,49264,49265],{"class":368},"        return",[64,49267,3184],{"class":320},[64,49269,49270],{"class":329},"text must be a string",[64,49272,3190],{"class":320},[64,49274,49275],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,49276,49277],{"class":70},"    \n",[64,49279,49280,49282,49284,49286,49288,49290,49292,49294],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,49281,5994],{"class":368},[64,49283,7701],{"class":74},[64,49285,49250],{"class":108},[64,49287,112],{"class":78},[64,49289,40893],{"class":115},[64,49291,86],{"class":78},[64,49293,44912],{"class":357},[64,49295,7944],{"class":78},[64,49297,49298,49300,49302,49305],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,49299,49265],{"class":368},[64,49301,3184],{"class":320},[64,49303,49304],{"class":329},"count must be an integer",[64,49306,3190],{"class":320},[64,49308,49309],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,49310,49277],{"class":70},[64,49312,49313,49315,49318,49320],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,49314,34490],{"class":368},[64,49316,49317],{"class":70}," text ",[64,49319,39505],{"class":74},[64,49321,49322],{"class":70}," count\n",[64,49324,49325],{"class":66,"line":6028},[64,49326,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,49328,49329,49331,49333,49336,49338,49340,49343,49345,49347,49349],{"class":66,"line":6033},[64,49330,125],{"class":108},[64,49332,112],{"class":78},[64,49334,49335],{"class":115},"repeat_text",[64,49337,112],{"class":78},[64,49339,2686],{"class":320},[64,49341,49342],{"class":329},"Hi ",[64,49344,2686],{"class":320},[64,49346,86],{"class":78},[64,49348,94],{"class":82},[64,49350,471],{"class":78},[64,49352,49353,49355,49357,49359,49361,49363,49365,49367,49369,49371,49373,49375],{"class":66,"line":11206},[64,49354,125],{"class":108},[64,49356,112],{"class":78},[64,49358,49335],{"class":115},[64,49360,112],{"class":78},[64,49362,2686],{"class":320},[64,49364,49342],{"class":329},[64,49366,2686],{"class":320},[64,49368,86],{"class":78},[64,49370,3184],{"class":320},[64,49372,1892],{"class":329},[64,49374,2686],{"class":320},[64,49376,471],{"class":78},[20,49378,384],{},[55,49380,49382],{"className":57,"code":49381,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49383,49384,49389],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,49385,49386],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49387,49388],{"class":70},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[64,49390,49391],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,49392,49393],{"class":70},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49395,49396],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[428,49398,49400],{"id":49399},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[55,49402,49404],{"className":57,"code":49403,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49405,49406,49438,49442,49458,49473,49490],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,49407,49408,49410,49412,49414,49416,49418,49420,49422,49424,49426,49428,49430,49432,49434,49436],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49409,2276],{"class":70},[64,49411,75],{"class":74},[64,49413,79],{"class":78},[64,49415,2686],{"class":320},[64,49417,285],{"class":329},[64,49419,2686],{"class":320},[64,49421,86],{"class":78},[64,49423,3184],{"class":320},[64,49425,1269],{"class":329},[64,49427,2686],{"class":320},[64,49429,86],{"class":78},[64,49431,3184],{"class":320},[64,49433,9346],{"class":329},[64,49435,2686],{"class":320},[64,49437,97],{"class":78},[64,49439,49440],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,49441,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,49443,49444,49446,49448,49450,49452,49454,49456],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,49445,6595],{"class":368},[64,49447,49250],{"class":108},[64,49449,112],{"class":78},[64,49451,2302],{"class":115},[64,49453,86],{"class":78},[64,49455,48541],{"class":357},[64,49457,7944],{"class":78},[64,49459,49460,49462,49464,49466,49469,49471],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,49461,7670],{"class":108},[64,49463,112],{"class":78},[64,49465,2686],{"class":320},[64,49467,49468],{"class":329},"This is text",[64,49470,2686],{"class":320},[64,49472,119],{"class":78},[64,49474,49475,49478,49480,49482,49484,49486,49488],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,49476,49477],{"class":368},"elif",[64,49479,49250],{"class":108},[64,49481,112],{"class":78},[64,49483,2302],{"class":115},[64,49485,86],{"class":78},[64,49487,22181],{"class":357},[64,49489,7944],{"class":78},[64,49491,49492,49494,49496,49498,49501,49503],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,49493,7670],{"class":108},[64,49495,112],{"class":78},[64,49497,2686],{"class":320},[64,49499,49500],{"class":329},"This is a list",[64,49502,2686],{"class":320},[64,49504,119],{"class":78},[20,49506,384],{},[55,49508,49510],{"className":57,"code":49509,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"This is a list\n",[15,49511,49512],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,49513,49514,49517,49519,49521],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49515,49516],{"class":70},"This ",[64,49518,11806],{"class":74},[64,49520,44180],{"class":70},[64,49522,49523],{"class":357},"list\n",[428,49525,49527],{"id":49526},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[55,49529,49531],{"className":57,"code":49530,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49532,49533,49545,49549,49565,49579],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,49534,49535,49537,49539,49541,49543],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49536,2276],{"class":70},[64,49538,75],{"class":74},[64,49540,3184],{"class":320},[64,49542,46162],{"class":329},[64,49544,3190],{"class":320},[64,49546,49547],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,49548,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,49550,49551,49553,49555,49557,49559,49561,49563],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,49552,6595],{"class":368},[64,49554,49250],{"class":108},[64,49556,112],{"class":78},[64,49558,2302],{"class":115},[64,49560,86],{"class":78},[64,49562,48541],{"class":357},[64,49564,7944],{"class":78},[64,49566,49567,49569,49571,49573,49575,49577],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,49568,41524],{"class":70},[64,49570,75],{"class":74},[64,49572,44912],{"class":357},[64,49574,112],{"class":78},[64,49576,2302],{"class":115},[64,49578,119],{"class":78},[64,49580,49581,49583,49585,49587],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,49582,7670],{"class":108},[64,49584,112],{"class":78},[64,49586,2069],{"class":115},[64,49588,119],{"class":78},[20,49590,384],{},[55,49592,49593],{"className":57,"code":46248,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,49594,49595],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,49596,49597],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49598,46248],{"class":82},[20,49600,49601],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[428,49603,49605],{"id":49604},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[55,49607,49609],{"className":57,"code":49608,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49610,49611,49635,49639,49655],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,49612,49613,49615,49617,49619,49621,49623,49625,49627,49629,49631,49633],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49614,2276],{"class":70},[64,49616,75],{"class":74},[64,49618,10098],{"class":78},[64,49620,2686],{"class":320},[64,49622,7267],{"class":329},[64,49624,2686],{"class":320},[64,49626,160],{"class":78},[64,49628,3184],{"class":320},[64,49630,12494],{"class":329},[64,49632,2686],{"class":320},[64,49634,8915],{"class":78},[64,49636,49637],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,49638,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,49640,49641,49643,49645,49647,49649,49651,49653],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,49642,6595],{"class":368},[64,49644,49250],{"class":108},[64,49646,112],{"class":78},[64,49648,2302],{"class":115},[64,49650,86],{"class":78},[64,49652,8776],{"class":357},[64,49654,7944],{"class":78},[64,49656,49657,49659,49661,49663,49665,49667,49669,49671],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,49658,7670],{"class":108},[64,49660,112],{"class":78},[64,49662,2302],{"class":115},[64,49664,394],{"class":78},[64,49666,2686],{"class":320},[64,49668,7267],{"class":329},[64,49670,2686],{"class":320},[64,49672,381],{"class":78},[20,49674,384],{},[55,49676,49678],{"className":57,"code":49677,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Ana\n",[15,49679,49680],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,49681,49682],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49683,49677],{"class":70},[20,49685,49686,49687,49689],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49688,2835],{}," messages later.",[50,49691,1023],{"id":1022},[428,49693,49695,49696,10701,49699],{"id":49694},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49697,49698],{},"\"int\"",[15,49700,2019],{},[20,49702,16261],{},[55,49704,49706],{"className":57,"code":49705,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49707,49708,49716],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,49709,49710,49712,49714],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49711,2276],{"class":70},[64,49713,75],{"class":74},[64,49715,2417],{"class":82},[64,49717,49718,49720,49722,49724,49726,49728,49730,49732,49734,49736],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,49719,125],{"class":108},[64,49721,112],{"class":78},[64,49723,48512],{"class":108},[64,49725,112],{"class":78},[64,49727,2302],{"class":115},[64,49729,86],{"class":78},[64,49731,3184],{"class":320},[64,49733,2019],{"class":329},[64,49735,2686],{"class":320},[64,49737,471],{"class":78},[20,49739,49740,49742],{},[15,49741,49698],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,49744,16273],{},[55,49746,49747],{"className":57,"code":49156,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,49748,49749,49757],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,49750,49751,49753,49755],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49752,2276],{"class":70},[64,49754,75],{"class":74},[64,49756,2417],{"class":82},[64,49758,49759,49761,49763,49765,49767,49769,49771,49773],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,49760,125],{"class":108},[64,49762,112],{"class":78},[64,49764,48512],{"class":108},[64,49766,112],{"class":78},[64,49768,2302],{"class":115},[64,49770,86],{"class":78},[64,49772,44912],{"class":357},[64,49774,471],{"class":78},[428,49776,49778],{"id":49777},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,49780,16261],{},[55,49782,49784],{"className":57,"code":49783,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,49785,49786,49794],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,49787,49788,49790,49792],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49789,2276],{"class":70},[64,49791,75],{"class":74},[64,49793,34470],{"class":82},[64,49795,49796,49798,49800,49802,49804,49806,49808,49810,49812,49814,49816],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,49797,125],{"class":108},[64,49799,112],{"class":78},[64,49801,48512],{"class":108},[64,49803,112],{"class":78},[64,49805,2302],{"class":115},[64,49807,86],{"class":78},[64,49809,79],{"class":78},[64,49811,2019],{"class":357},[64,49813,86],{"class":78},[64,49815,39888],{"class":357},[64,49817,1081],{"class":78},[20,49819,49820],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,49822,16273],{},[55,49824,49826],{"className":57,"code":49825,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49827,49828,49836],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,49829,49830,49832,49834],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49831,2276],{"class":70},[64,49833,75],{"class":74},[64,49835,34470],{"class":82},[64,49837,49838,49840,49842,49844,49846,49848,49850,49852,49854,49856,49858],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,49839,125],{"class":108},[64,49841,112],{"class":78},[64,49843,48512],{"class":108},[64,49845,112],{"class":78},[64,49847,2302],{"class":115},[64,49849,86],{"class":78},[64,49851,8842],{"class":78},[64,49853,2019],{"class":357},[64,49855,86],{"class":78},[64,49857,39888],{"class":357},[64,49859,2744],{"class":78},[428,49861,25397,49863,49865],{"id":49862},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,49864,44441],{}," converts a value",[20,49867,18533],{},[55,49869,49871],{"className":57,"code":49870,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,49872,49873,49886,49904,49908],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,49874,49875,49877,49879,49881,49884],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49876,2276],{"class":70},[64,49878,75],{"class":74},[64,49880,3184],{"class":320},[64,49882,49883],{"class":329},"123",[64,49885,3190],{"class":320},[64,49887,49888,49890,49892,49894,49896,49898,49900,49902],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,49889,103],{"class":70},[64,49891,75],{"class":74},[64,49893,49250],{"class":108},[64,49895,112],{"class":78},[64,49897,2302],{"class":115},[64,49899,86],{"class":78},[64,49901,44912],{"class":357},[64,49903,119],{"class":78},[64,49905,49906],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,49907,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,49909,49910,49912,49914,49916],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,49911,125],{"class":108},[64,49913,112],{"class":78},[64,49915,130],{"class":115},[64,49917,119],{"class":78},[20,49919,384],{},[55,49921,49922],{"className":57,"code":537,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,49923,49924],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,49925,49926],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49927,537],{"class":338},[20,49929,49930,49931,49934,49935,49937],{},"This does not convert ",[15,49932,49933],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,49936,49883],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,49939,49940,49941,6228],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,49942,49943],{},"int(value)",[428,49945,49947],{"id":49946},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,49949,49950,49952],{},[15,49951,44441],{}," does not modify anything.",[55,49954,49956],{"className":57,"code":49955,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,49957,49958,49970,49974,49992],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,49959,49960,49962,49964,49966,49968],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,49961,2276],{"class":70},[64,49963,75],{"class":74},[64,49965,3184],{"class":320},[64,49967,13173],{"class":329},[64,49969,3190],{"class":320},[64,49971,49972],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,49973,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,49975,49976,49978,49980,49982,49984,49986,49988,49990],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,49977,125],{"class":108},[64,49979,112],{"class":78},[64,49981,48512],{"class":108},[64,49983,112],{"class":78},[64,49985,2302],{"class":115},[64,49987,86],{"class":78},[64,49989,48541],{"class":357},[64,49991,471],{"class":78},[64,49993,49994,49996,49998,50000],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,49995,125],{"class":108},[64,49997,112],{"class":78},[64,49999,2302],{"class":115},[64,50001,119],{"class":78},[20,50003,384],{},[55,50005,50007],{"className":57,"code":50006,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"True\n100\n",[15,50008,50009,50013],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,50010,50011],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,50012,476],{"class":338},[64,50014,50015],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,50016,46899],{"class":82},[20,50018,50019],{},"The value stays the same.",[50,50021,25565],{"id":25564},[20,50023,50024],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[55,50026,50028],{"className":57,"code":50027,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50029,50030,50044,50062,50086],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,50031,50032,50034,50036,50038,50040,50042],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,50033,125],{"class":108},[64,50035,112],{"class":78},[64,50037,3052],{"class":357},[64,50039,112],{"class":78},[64,50041,2302],{"class":115},[64,50043,471],{"class":78},[64,50045,50046,50048,50050,50052,50054,50056,50058,50060],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,50047,125],{"class":108},[64,50049,112],{"class":78},[64,50051,48512],{"class":108},[64,50053,112],{"class":78},[64,50055,2302],{"class":115},[64,50057,86],{"class":78},[64,50059,44912],{"class":357},[64,50061,471],{"class":78},[64,50063,50064,50066,50068,50070,50072,50074,50076,50078,50080,50082,50084],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,50065,125],{"class":108},[64,50067,112],{"class":78},[64,50069,48512],{"class":108},[64,50071,112],{"class":78},[64,50073,2302],{"class":115},[64,50075,86],{"class":78},[64,50077,8842],{"class":78},[64,50079,2019],{"class":357},[64,50081,86],{"class":78},[64,50083,39888],{"class":357},[64,50085,2744],{"class":78},[64,50087,50088,50090,50092,50094,50096,50098],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,50089,125],{"class":108},[64,50091,112],{"class":78},[64,50093,41413],{"class":108},[64,50095,112],{"class":78},[64,50097,2302],{"class":115},[64,50099,471],{"class":78},[20,50101,50102],{},"These can help when:",[30,50104,50105,50108,50113,50116],{},[33,50106,50107],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[33,50109,50110,50111],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50112,2835],{},[33,50114,50115],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[33,50117,50118,50119,50121],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50120,44441],{}," is invalid",[20,50123,50124],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[30,50126,50127,50141,50147,50152],{},[33,50128,50129,50130,212,50133,50136,50137,212,50139],{},"using ",[15,50131,50132],{},"'int'",[15,50134,50135],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50138,2019],{},[15,50140,3276],{},[33,50142,50143,50144,50146],{},"expecting ",[15,50145,44441],{}," to convert a value",[33,50148,50129,50149,50151],{},[15,50150,2131],{}," when inherited types should also match",[33,50153,50154],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50156,50157,50158,148],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[285,50159,50161,50162],{"href":50160},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50163,50164],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[50,50166,1651],{"id":1650},[428,50168,1655,50170,1658],{"id":50169},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50171,44441],{},[20,50173,1661,50174,50176,50177,148],{},[15,50175,47],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50178,147],{},[428,50180,1684,50182,50184],{"id":50181},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50183,44441],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50186,50187,50188,148],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50189,50190],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[428,50192,1694,50194,896,50196,1677],{"id":50193},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50195,44441],{},[15,50197,2131],{},[20,50199,50200,50202,50203,50205],{},[15,50201,2131],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50204,44441],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[428,50207,12317,50209,50211],{"id":50208},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50210,44441],{}," convert a value?",[20,50213,50214],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[50,50216,1717],{"id":1716},[30,50218,50219,50225,50229,50234,50239],{},[33,50220,50221],{},[285,50222,13,50223,1713],{"href":2128},[15,50224,2131],{},[33,50226,50227],{},[285,50228,44433],{"href":48615},[33,50230,50231],{},[285,50232,50233],{"href":2794},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[33,50235,50236],{},[285,50237,50238],{"href":48618},"What is a data type in Python?",[33,50240,50241],{},[285,50242,50161,50243],{"href":50160},[15,50244,50164],{},[1751,50246,50247],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":50249},[50250,50251,50253,50256,50260,50261,50266,50272,50280,50281,50291],{"id":52,"depth":100,"text":53},{"id":48554,"depth":100,"text":50252},"What isinstance() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988,"children":50254},[50255],{"id":48646,"depth":122,"text":48647},{"id":11085,"depth":100,"text":11086,"children":50257},[50258,50259],{"id":48734,"depth":122,"text":48735},{"id":48805,"depth":122,"text":48806},{"id":48892,"depth":100,"text":48893},{"id":49089,"depth":100,"text":50262,"children":50263},"isinstance() vs type()",[50264,50265],{"id":49105,"depth":122,"text":49108},{"id":49147,"depth":122,"text":49150},{"id":49208,"depth":100,"text":49209,"children":50267},[50268,50269,50270,50271],{"id":49217,"depth":122,"text":49218},{"id":49399,"depth":122,"text":49400},{"id":49526,"depth":122,"text":49527},{"id":49604,"depth":122,"text":49605},{"id":1022,"depth":100,"text":1023,"children":50273},[50274,50276,50277,50279],{"id":49694,"depth":122,"text":50275},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49777,"depth":122,"text":49778},{"id":49862,"depth":122,"text":50278},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":49946,"depth":122,"text":49947},{"id":25564,"depth":100,"text":25565},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":50282},[50283,50285,50287,50289],{"id":50169,"depth":122,"text":50284},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50181,"depth":122,"text":50286},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50193,"depth":122,"text":50288},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50208,"depth":122,"text":50290},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48455,"description":50292},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50298,"title":50299,"body":50300,"description":52273,"extension":1791,"meta":52274,"navigation":346,"path":52275,"seo":52276,"stem":52277,"__hash__":52278},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50301,"toc":52248},[50302,50305,50310,50315,50329,50332,50334,50409,50414,50418,50423,50426,50440,50442,50608,50621,50623,50625,50640,50643,50646,50659,50661,50759,50763,50769,50772,50781,50783,50818,50823,50844,50849,50854,50886,50889,50946,50950,50956,50959,51012,51014,51054,51057,51125,51128,51179,51186,51190,51196,51281,51287,51293,51342,51345,51348,51398,51400,51405,51409,51459,51463,51510,51514,51591,51595,51660,51663,51667,51672,51677,51689,51691,51710,51716,51719,51738,51743,51770,51777,51781,51787,51790,51885,51888,51891,51940,51945,51947,51951,51986,51989,52046,52056,52059,52093,52096,52098,52102,52105,52109,52112,52116,52119,52123,52136,52140,52145,52147,52197,52209,52211,52245],[10,50303,50299],{"id":50304},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50306,8728,50307,50309],{},[15,50308,41995],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50311,35034,50312,50314],{},[15,50313,41995],{}," to count:",[30,50316,50317,50320,50323,50326],{},[33,50318,50319],{},"characters in a string",[33,50321,50322],{},"items in a list or tuple",[33,50324,50325],{},"keys in a dictionary",[33,50327,50328],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50330,50331],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[50,50333,1833],{"id":1832},[55,50335,50337],{"className":57,"code":50336,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50338,50339,50351,50371,50375,50392],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,50340,50341,50343,50345,50347,50349],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,50342,34315],{"class":70},[64,50344,75],{"class":74},[64,50346,3184],{"class":320},[64,50348,330],{"class":329},[64,50350,3190],{"class":320},[64,50352,50353,50355,50357,50359,50361,50363,50365,50367,50369],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,50354,7379],{"class":70},[64,50356,75],{"class":74},[64,50358,79],{"class":78},[64,50360,2160],{"class":82},[64,50362,86],{"class":78},[64,50364,7390],{"class":82},[64,50366,86],{"class":78},[64,50368,7395],{"class":82},[64,50370,97],{"class":78},[64,50372,50373],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,50374,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,50376,50377,50379,50381,50383,50385,50387,50389],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,50378,125],{"class":108},[64,50380,112],{"class":78},[64,50382,10771],{"class":108},[64,50384,112],{"class":78},[64,50386,34336],{"class":115},[64,50388,4954],{"class":78},[64,50390,50391],{"class":136},"   # 5\n",[64,50393,50394,50396,50398,50400,50402,50404,50406],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,50395,125],{"class":108},[64,50397,112],{"class":78},[64,50399,10771],{"class":108},[64,50401,112],{"class":78},[64,50403,7410],{"class":115},[64,50405,4954],{"class":78},[64,50407,50408],{"class":136},"  # 3\n",[20,50410,1923,50411,50413],{},[15,50412,41995],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[50,50415,50417],{"id":50416},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50419,50420,50422],{},[15,50421,41995],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50424,50425],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[30,50427,50428,50431,50434,50437],{},[33,50429,50430],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[33,50432,50433],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[33,50435,50436],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[33,50438,50439],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50441,916],{},[55,50443,50445],{"className":57,"code":50444,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50446,50447,50459,50484,50516,50536,50540,50557,50574,50591],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,50448,50449,50451,50453,50455,50457],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,50450,7477],{"class":70},[64,50452,75],{"class":74},[64,50454,3184],{"class":320},[64,50456,7276],{"class":329},[64,50458,3190],{"class":320},[64,50460,50461,50463,50465,50467,50469,50471,50473,50475,50477,50479,50482],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,50462,71],{"class":70},[64,50464,75],{"class":74},[64,50466,79],{"class":78},[64,50468,2160],{"class":82},[64,50470,86],{"class":78},[64,50472,7390],{"class":82},[64,50474,86],{"class":78},[64,50476,7395],{"class":82},[64,50478,86],{"class":78},[64,50480,50481],{"class":82}," 40",[64,50483,97],{"class":78},[64,50485,50486,50488,50490,50492,50494,50496,50498,50500,50502,50504,50506,50508,50510,50512,50514],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,50487,8771],{"class":70},[64,50489,75],{"class":74},[64,50491,10098],{"class":78},[64,50493,2686],{"class":320},[64,50495,285],{"class":329},[64,50497,2686],{"class":320},[64,50499,160],{"class":78},[64,50501,5091],{"class":82},[64,50503,86],{"class":78},[64,50505,3184],{"class":320},[64,50507,1269],{"class":329},[64,50509,2686],{"class":320},[64,50511,160],{"class":78},[64,50513,89],{"class":82},[64,50515,8915],{"class":78},[64,50517,50518,50520,50522,50524,50526,50528,50530,50532,50534],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,50519,304],{"class":70},[64,50521,75],{"class":74},[64,50523,10098],{"class":78},[64,50525,1107],{"class":82},[64,50527,86],{"class":78},[64,50529,37275],{"class":82},[64,50531,86],{"class":78},[64,50533,5588],{"class":82},[64,50535,8915],{"class":78},[64,50537,50538],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,50539,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,50541,50542,50544,50546,50548,50550,50552,50554],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,50543,125],{"class":108},[64,50545,112],{"class":78},[64,50547,10771],{"class":108},[64,50549,112],{"class":78},[64,50551,7267],{"class":115},[64,50553,4954],{"class":78},[64,50555,50556],{"class":136},"     # 3\n",[64,50558,50559,50561,50563,50565,50567,50569,50571],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,50560,125],{"class":108},[64,50562,112],{"class":78},[64,50564,10771],{"class":108},[64,50566,112],{"class":78},[64,50568,116],{"class":115},[64,50570,4954],{"class":78},[64,50572,50573],{"class":136},"  # 4\n",[64,50575,50576,50578,50580,50582,50584,50586,50588],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,50577,125],{"class":108},[64,50579,112],{"class":78},[64,50581,10771],{"class":108},[64,50583,112],{"class":78},[64,50585,8810],{"class":115},[64,50587,4954],{"class":78},[64,50589,50590],{"class":136},"     # 2\n",[64,50592,50593,50595,50597,50599,50601,50603,50605],{"class":66,"line":6028},[64,50594,125],{"class":108},[64,50596,112],{"class":78},[64,50598,10771],{"class":108},[64,50600,112],{"class":78},[64,50602,4951],{"class":115},[64,50604,4954],{"class":78},[64,50606,50607],{"class":136},"   # 3\n",[20,50609,50610,50611,2020,50615,16690,50619,148],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[285,50612,50614],{"href":50613},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[285,50616,50618],{"href":50617},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[285,50620,8761],{"href":8760},[50,50622,1988],{"id":1987},[20,50624,1991],{},[55,50626,50628],{"className":57,"code":50627,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"len(object)\n",[15,50629,50630],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,50631,50632,50634,50636,50638],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,50633,10771],{"class":108},[64,50635,112],{"class":78},[64,50637,42033],{"class":357},[64,50639,119],{"class":78},[20,50641,50642],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50644,50645],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[30,50647,50648,50650,50652,50654,50656],{},[33,50649,37539],{},[33,50651,37533],{},[33,50653,37536],{},[33,50655,37542],{},[33,50657,50658],{},"a dictionary",[20,50660,916],{},[55,50662,50664],{"className":57,"code":50663,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50665,50666,50687,50711,50733],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,50667,50668,50670,50672,50674,50676,50678,50680,50682,50684],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,50669,125],{"class":108},[64,50671,112],{"class":78},[64,50673,10771],{"class":108},[64,50675,112],{"class":78},[64,50677,2686],{"class":320},[64,50679,59],{"class":329},[64,50681,2686],{"class":320},[64,50683,4954],{"class":78},[64,50685,50686],{"class":136},"      # 6\n",[64,50688,50689,50691,50693,50695,50697,50699,50701,50703,50705,50707,50709],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,50690,125],{"class":108},[64,50692,112],{"class":78},[64,50694,10771],{"class":108},[64,50696,354],{"class":78},[64,50698,83],{"class":82},[64,50700,86],{"class":78},[64,50702,89],{"class":82},[64,50704,86],{"class":78},[64,50706,94],{"class":82},[64,50708,1243],{"class":78},[64,50710,50556],{"class":136},[64,50712,50713,50715,50717,50719,50721,50723,50725,50727,50730],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,50714,125],{"class":108},[64,50716,112],{"class":78},[64,50718,10771],{"class":108},[64,50720,5104],{"class":78},[64,50722,2160],{"class":82},[64,50724,86],{"class":78},[64,50726,7390],{"class":82},[64,50728,50729],{"class":78},")))",[64,50731,50732],{"class":136},"      # 2\n",[64,50734,50735,50737,50739,50741,50743,50745,50747,50749,50751,50753,50756],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,50736,125],{"class":108},[64,50738,112],{"class":78},[64,50740,10771],{"class":108},[64,50742,5123],{"class":78},[64,50744,2686],{"class":320},[64,50746,363],{"class":329},[64,50748,2686],{"class":320},[64,50750,160],{"class":78},[64,50752,5091],{"class":82},[64,50754,50755],{"class":78},"}))",[64,50757,50758],{"class":136},"      # 1\n",[50,50760,50762],{"id":50761},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,50764,50765,50766,50768],{},"When you use ",[15,50767,41995],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,50770,50771],{},"That includes:",[30,50773,50774,50776,50778],{},[33,50775,35773],{},[33,50777,10059],{},[33,50779,50780],{},"punctuation",[20,50782,916],{},[55,50784,50786],{"className":57,"code":50785,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,50787,50788,50801],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,50789,50790,50792,50794,50796,50799],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,50791,34315],{"class":70},[64,50793,75],{"class":74},[64,50795,3184],{"class":320},[64,50797,50798],{"class":329},"Hi there!",[64,50800,3190],{"class":320},[64,50802,50803,50805,50807,50809,50811,50813,50815],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,50804,125],{"class":108},[64,50806,112],{"class":78},[64,50808,10771],{"class":108},[64,50810,112],{"class":78},[64,50812,34336],{"class":115},[64,50814,4954],{"class":78},[64,50816,50817],{"class":136},"  # 9\n",[20,50819,50820,50821,1677],{},"Why is the result ",[15,50822,1974],{},[30,50824,50825,50831,50835,50838],{},[33,50826,50827,50830],{},[15,50828,50829],{},"H"," = 1",[33,50832,50833,50830],{},[15,50834,35784],{},[33,50836,50837],{},"space = 1",[33,50839,50840,50843],{},[15,50841,50842],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,50845,50846,50847],{},"Total: ",[15,50848,1974],{},[20,50850,50851,50852,160],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,50853,243],{},[55,50855,50857],{"className":57,"code":50856,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,50858,50859,50868],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,50860,50861,50864,50866],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,50862,50863],{"class":70},"empty_text ",[64,50865,75],{"class":74},[64,50867,7482],{"class":320},[64,50869,50870,50872,50874,50876,50878,50881,50883],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,50871,125],{"class":108},[64,50873,112],{"class":78},[64,50875,10771],{"class":108},[64,50877,112],{"class":78},[64,50879,50880],{"class":115},"empty_text",[64,50882,4954],{"class":78},[64,50884,50885],{"class":136},"  # 0\n",[20,50887,50888],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[55,50890,50892],{"className":57,"code":50891,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,50893,50894,50907,50911,50931],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,50895,50896,50899,50901,50903,50905],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,50897,50898],{"class":70},"user_name ",[64,50900,75],{"class":74},[64,50902,3184],{"class":320},[64,50904,1514],{"class":329},[64,50906,3190],{"class":320},[64,50908,50909],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,50910,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,50912,50913,50915,50917,50919,50922,50924,50927,50929],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,50914,6595],{"class":368},[64,50916,38018],{"class":108},[64,50918,112],{"class":78},[64,50920,50921],{"class":115},"user_name",[64,50923,133],{"class":78},[64,50925,50926],{"class":74}," >=",[64,50928,94],{"class":82},[64,50930,5989],{"class":78},[64,50932,50933,50935,50937,50939,50942,50944],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,50934,7670],{"class":108},[64,50936,112],{"class":78},[64,50938,2686],{"class":320},[64,50940,50941],{"class":329},"Name is long enough",[64,50943,2686],{"class":320},[64,50945,119],{"class":78},[50,50947,50949],{"id":50948},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,50951,50952,50953,50955],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,50954,41995],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,50957,50958],{},"Example with a list:",[55,50960,50962],{"className":57,"code":50961,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,50963,50964,50996],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,50965,50966,50968,50970,50972,50974,50976,50978,50980,50982,50984,50986,50988,50990,50992,50994],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,50967,12690],{"class":70},[64,50969,75],{"class":74},[64,50971,79],{"class":78},[64,50973,2686],{"class":320},[64,50975,12707],{"class":329},[64,50977,2686],{"class":320},[64,50979,86],{"class":78},[64,50981,3184],{"class":320},[64,50983,17074],{"class":329},[64,50985,2686],{"class":320},[64,50987,86],{"class":78},[64,50989,3184],{"class":320},[64,50991,12724],{"class":329},[64,50993,2686],{"class":320},[64,50995,97],{"class":78},[64,50997,50998,51000,51002,51004,51006,51008,51010],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,50999,125],{"class":108},[64,51001,112],{"class":78},[64,51003,10771],{"class":108},[64,51005,112],{"class":78},[64,51007,17121],{"class":115},[64,51009,4954],{"class":78},[64,51011,50408],{"class":136},[20,51013,37548],{},[55,51015,51017],{"className":57,"code":51016,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51018,51019,51036],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,51020,51021,51024,51026,51028,51030,51032,51034],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51022,51023],{"class":70},"point ",[64,51025,75],{"class":74},[64,51027,8842],{"class":78},[64,51029,2160],{"class":82},[64,51031,86],{"class":78},[64,51033,7390],{"class":82},[64,51035,119],{"class":78},[64,51037,51038,51040,51042,51044,51046,51049,51051],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,51039,125],{"class":108},[64,51041,112],{"class":78},[64,51043,10771],{"class":108},[64,51045,112],{"class":78},[64,51047,51048],{"class":115},"point",[64,51050,4954],{"class":78},[64,51052,51053],{"class":136},"  # 2\n",[20,51055,51056],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[55,51058,51060],{"className":57,"code":51059,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51061,51062,51086,51090,51108],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,51063,51064,51066,51068,51070,51072,51074,51076,51078,51080,51082,51084],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51065,7379],{"class":70},[64,51067,75],{"class":74},[64,51069,79],{"class":78},[64,51071,2686],{"class":320},[64,51073,576],{"class":329},[64,51075,2686],{"class":320},[64,51077,86],{"class":78},[64,51079,3184],{"class":320},[64,51081,585],{"class":329},[64,51083,2686],{"class":320},[64,51085,97],{"class":78},[64,51087,51088],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,51089,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,51091,51092,51094,51096,51098,51100,51102,51104,51106],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,51093,6595],{"class":368},[64,51095,38018],{"class":108},[64,51097,112],{"class":78},[64,51099,7410],{"class":115},[64,51101,133],{"class":78},[64,51103,38028],{"class":74},[64,51105,5091],{"class":82},[64,51107,5989],{"class":78},[64,51109,51110,51112,51114,51116,51118,51120,51122],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,51111,7670],{"class":108},[64,51113,112],{"class":78},[64,51115,7410],{"class":115},[64,51117,394],{"class":78},[64,51119,83],{"class":82},[64,51121,20066],{"class":78},[64,51123,51124],{"class":136},"  # banana\n",[20,51126,51127],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[55,51129,51131],{"className":57,"code":51130,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51132,51133,51156],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,51134,51135,51137,51139,51141,51144,51146,51149,51151,51154],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51136,1574],{"class":70},[64,51138,75],{"class":74},[64,51140,79],{"class":78},[64,51142,51143],{"class":82},"88",[64,51145,86],{"class":78},[64,51147,51148],{"class":82}," 91",[64,51150,86],{"class":78},[64,51152,51153],{"class":82}," 75",[64,51155,97],{"class":78},[64,51157,51158,51160,51162,51164,51167,51169,51171,51173,51175,51177],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,51159,125],{"class":108},[64,51161,112],{"class":78},[64,51163,2686],{"class":320},[64,51165,51166],{"class":329},"Number of scores:",[64,51168,2686],{"class":320},[64,51170,86],{"class":78},[64,51172,38018],{"class":108},[64,51174,112],{"class":78},[64,51176,16006],{"class":115},[64,51178,471],{"class":78},[20,51180,51181,51182,148],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[285,51183,51185],{"href":51184},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[50,51187,51189],{"id":51188},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51191,51192,51193,51195],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51194,41995],{}," counts keys.",[55,51197,51199],{"className":57,"code":51198,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51200,51201,51209,51227,51241,51257,51261,51265],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,51202,51203,51205,51207],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51204,12477],{"class":70},[64,51206,75],{"class":74},[64,51208,11104],{"class":78},[64,51210,51211,51213,51215,51217,51219,51221,51223,51225],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,51212,11109],{"class":320},[64,51214,7267],{"class":329},[64,51216,2686],{"class":320},[64,51218,160],{"class":78},[64,51220,3184],{"class":320},[64,51222,7522],{"class":329},[64,51224,2686],{"class":320},[64,51226,11125],{"class":78},[64,51228,51229,51231,51233,51235,51237,51239],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,51230,11109],{"class":320},[64,51232,8905],{"class":329},[64,51234,2686],{"class":320},[64,51236,160],{"class":78},[64,51238,30568],{"class":82},[64,51240,11125],{"class":78},[64,51242,51243,51245,51247,51249,51251,51253,51255],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,51244,11109],{"class":320},[64,51246,19511],{"class":329},[64,51248,2686],{"class":320},[64,51250,160],{"class":78},[64,51252,3184],{"class":320},[64,51254,21866],{"class":329},[64,51256,3190],{"class":320},[64,51258,51259],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,51260,8915],{"class":78},[64,51262,51263],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,51264,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,51266,51267,51269,51271,51273,51275,51277,51279],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,51268,125],{"class":108},[64,51270,112],{"class":78},[64,51272,10771],{"class":108},[64,51274,112],{"class":78},[64,51276,13241],{"class":115},[64,51278,4954],{"class":78},[64,51280,50408],{"class":136},[20,51282,51283,51284,51286],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51285,41995],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51288,51289,51290,51292],{},"For sets, ",[15,51291,41995],{}," counts unique items:",[55,51294,51296],{"className":57,"code":51295,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51297,51298,51326],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,51299,51300,51302,51304,51306,51308,51310,51312,51314,51316,51318,51320,51322,51324],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51301,71],{"class":70},[64,51303,75],{"class":74},[64,51305,10098],{"class":78},[64,51307,83],{"class":82},[64,51309,86],{"class":78},[64,51311,89],{"class":82},[64,51313,86],{"class":78},[64,51315,94],{"class":82},[64,51317,86],{"class":78},[64,51319,94],{"class":82},[64,51321,86],{"class":78},[64,51323,89],{"class":82},[64,51325,8915],{"class":78},[64,51327,51328,51330,51332,51334,51336,51338,51340],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,51329,125],{"class":108},[64,51331,112],{"class":78},[64,51333,10771],{"class":108},[64,51335,112],{"class":78},[64,51337,116],{"class":115},[64,51339,4954],{"class":78},[64,51341,50408],{"class":136},[20,51343,51344],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51346,51347],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[55,51349,51351],{"className":57,"code":51350,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51352,51353,51361,51365,51383],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,51354,51355,51357,51359],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51356,8771],{"class":70},[64,51358,75],{"class":74},[64,51360,9445],{"class":78},[64,51362,51363],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,51364,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,51366,51367,51369,51371,51373,51375,51377,51379,51381],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,51368,6595],{"class":368},[64,51370,38018],{"class":108},[64,51372,112],{"class":78},[64,51374,8810],{"class":115},[64,51376,133],{"class":78},[64,51378,6004],{"class":74},[64,51380,315],{"class":82},[64,51382,5989],{"class":78},[64,51384,51385,51387,51389,51391,51394,51396],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,51386,7670],{"class":108},[64,51388,112],{"class":78},[64,51390,2686],{"class":320},[64,51392,51393],{"class":329},"The dictionary is empty",[64,51395,2686],{"class":320},[64,51397,119],{"class":78},[50,51399,40679],{"id":40678},[20,51401,51402,51403,148],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51404,41995],{},[428,51406,51408],{"id":51407},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[55,51410,51412],{"className":57,"code":51411,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51413,51414,51422,51426,51444],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,51415,51416,51418,51420],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51417,7379],{"class":70},[64,51419,75],{"class":74},[64,51421,7439],{"class":78},[64,51423,51424],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,51425,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,51427,51428,51430,51432,51434,51436,51438,51440,51442],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,51429,6595],{"class":368},[64,51431,38018],{"class":108},[64,51433,112],{"class":78},[64,51435,7410],{"class":115},[64,51437,133],{"class":78},[64,51439,6004],{"class":74},[64,51441,315],{"class":82},[64,51443,5989],{"class":78},[64,51445,51446,51448,51450,51452,51455,51457],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,51447,7670],{"class":108},[64,51449,112],{"class":78},[64,51451,2686],{"class":320},[64,51453,51454],{"class":329},"The list is empty",[64,51456,2686],{"class":320},[64,51458,119],{"class":78},[428,51460,51462],{"id":51461},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[55,51464,51466],{"className":57,"code":51465,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51467,51468,51487],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,51469,51470,51472,51474,51476,51478,51480,51483,51485],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51471,5749],{"class":70},[64,51473,75],{"class":74},[64,51475,7844],{"class":108},[64,51477,112],{"class":78},[64,51479,2686],{"class":320},[64,51481,51482],{"class":329},"Enter a word: ",[64,51484,2686],{"class":320},[64,51486,119],{"class":78},[64,51488,51489,51491,51493,51495,51498,51500,51502,51504,51506,51508],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,51490,125],{"class":108},[64,51492,112],{"class":78},[64,51494,2686],{"class":320},[64,51496,51497],{"class":329},"Number of characters:",[64,51499,2686],{"class":320},[64,51501,86],{"class":78},[64,51503,38018],{"class":108},[64,51505,112],{"class":78},[64,51507,38023],{"class":115},[64,51509,471],{"class":78},[428,51511,51513],{"id":51512},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[55,51515,51517],{"className":57,"code":51516,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51518,51519,51533,51537,51555,51570,51576],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,51520,51521,51524,51526,51528,51531],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51522,51523],{"class":70},"password ",[64,51525,75],{"class":74},[64,51527,3184],{"class":320},[64,51529,51530],{"class":329},"secret123",[64,51532,3190],{"class":320},[64,51534,51535],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,51536,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,51538,51539,51541,51543,51545,51547,51549,51551,51553],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,51540,6595],{"class":368},[64,51542,38018],{"class":108},[64,51544,112],{"class":78},[64,51546,17240],{"class":115},[64,51548,133],{"class":78},[64,51550,50926],{"class":74},[64,51552,5955],{"class":82},[64,51554,5989],{"class":78},[64,51556,51557,51559,51561,51563,51566,51568],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,51558,7670],{"class":108},[64,51560,112],{"class":78},[64,51562,2686],{"class":320},[64,51564,51565],{"class":329},"Password length is valid",[64,51567,2686],{"class":320},[64,51569,119],{"class":78},[64,51571,51572,51574],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,51573,27057],{"class":368},[64,51575,5989],{"class":78},[64,51577,51578,51580,51582,51584,51587,51589],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,51579,7670],{"class":108},[64,51581,112],{"class":78},[64,51583,2686],{"class":320},[64,51585,51586],{"class":329},"Password is too short",[64,51588,2686],{"class":320},[64,51590,119],{"class":78},[428,51592,51594],{"id":51593},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[55,51596,51598],{"className":57,"code":51597,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51599,51600,51636],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,51601,51602,51605,51607,51609,51611,51614,51616,51618,51620,51623,51625,51627,51629,51632,51634],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51603,51604],{"class":70},"results ",[64,51606,75],{"class":74},[64,51608,79],{"class":78},[64,51610,2686],{"class":320},[64,51612,51613],{"class":329},"item1",[64,51615,2686],{"class":320},[64,51617,86],{"class":78},[64,51619,3184],{"class":320},[64,51621,51622],{"class":329},"item2",[64,51624,2686],{"class":320},[64,51626,86],{"class":78},[64,51628,3184],{"class":320},[64,51630,51631],{"class":329},"item3",[64,51633,2686],{"class":320},[64,51635,97],{"class":78},[64,51637,51638,51640,51642,51644,51647,51649,51651,51653,51655,51658],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,51639,125],{"class":108},[64,51641,112],{"class":78},[64,51643,2686],{"class":320},[64,51645,51646],{"class":329},"Items found:",[64,51648,2686],{"class":320},[64,51650,86],{"class":78},[64,51652,38018],{"class":108},[64,51654,112],{"class":78},[64,51656,51657],{"class":115},"results",[64,51659,471],{"class":78},[20,51661,51662],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[50,51664,51666],{"id":51665},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51668,51669,51671],{},[15,51670,41995],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51673,51674,51675,160],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51676,2835],{},[30,51678,51679,51682,51685],{},[33,51680,51681],{},"plain integers",[33,51683,51684],{},"floats",[33,51686,51687],{},[15,51688,258],{},[20,51690,916],{},[55,51692,51694],{"className":57,"code":51693,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51695,51696],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,51697,51698,51700,51702,51704,51706,51708],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51699,125],{"class":108},[64,51701,112],{"class":78},[64,51703,10771],{"class":108},[64,51705,112],{"class":78},[64,51707,1107],{"class":82},[64,51709,471],{"class":78},[20,51711,51712,51713,51715],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51714,1107],{}," does not have a length.",[20,51717,51718],{},"Another example:",[55,51720,51722],{"className":57,"code":51721,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51723,51724],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,51725,51726,51728,51730,51732,51734,51736],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51727,125],{"class":108},[64,51729,112],{"class":78},[64,51731,10771],{"class":108},[64,51733,112],{"class":78},[64,51735,39776],{"class":82},[64,51737,471],{"class":78},[20,51739,51740,51741,160],{},"And with ",[15,51742,258],{},[55,51744,51746],{"className":57,"code":51745,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,51747,51748,51756],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,51749,51750,51752,51754],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51751,2276],{"class":70},[64,51753,75],{"class":74},[64,51755,48164],{"class":338},[64,51757,51758,51760,51762,51764,51766,51768],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,51759,125],{"class":108},[64,51761,112],{"class":78},[64,51763,10771],{"class":108},[64,51765,112],{"class":78},[64,51767,2302],{"class":115},[64,51769,471],{"class":78},[20,51771,51772,51773,148],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[285,51774,51776],{"href":51775},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[50,51778,51780],{"id":51779},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,51782,51783,51784,51786],{},"Before using ",[15,51785,41995],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,51788,51789],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[55,51791,51793],{"className":57,"code":51792,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,51794,51795,51803,51807,51817,51831,51849,51867],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,51796,51797,51799,51801],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51798,2276],{"class":70},[64,51800,75],{"class":74},[64,51802,48164],{"class":338},[64,51804,51805],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,51806,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,51808,51809,51811,51813,51815],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,51810,125],{"class":108},[64,51812,112],{"class":78},[64,51814,2302],{"class":115},[64,51816,119],{"class":78},[64,51818,51819,51821,51823,51825,51827,51829],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,51820,125],{"class":108},[64,51822,112],{"class":78},[64,51824,3052],{"class":357},[64,51826,112],{"class":78},[64,51828,2302],{"class":115},[64,51830,471],{"class":78},[64,51832,51833,51835,51837,51839,51841,51843,51845,51847],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,51834,125],{"class":108},[64,51836,112],{"class":78},[64,51838,48512],{"class":108},[64,51840,112],{"class":78},[64,51842,2302],{"class":115},[64,51844,86],{"class":78},[64,51846,48541],{"class":357},[64,51848,471],{"class":78},[64,51850,51851,51853,51855,51857,51859,51861,51863,51865],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,51852,125],{"class":108},[64,51854,112],{"class":78},[64,51856,48512],{"class":108},[64,51858,112],{"class":78},[64,51860,2302],{"class":115},[64,51862,86],{"class":78},[64,51864,22181],{"class":357},[64,51866,471],{"class":78},[64,51868,51869,51871,51873,51875,51877,51879,51881,51883],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,51870,125],{"class":108},[64,51872,112],{"class":78},[64,51874,48512],{"class":108},[64,51876,112],{"class":78},[64,51878,2302],{"class":115},[64,51880,86],{"class":78},[64,51882,8776],{"class":357},[64,51884,471],{"class":78},[20,51886,51887],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,51889,51890],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[55,51892,51894],{"className":57,"code":51893,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,51895,51896,51908,51912,51926],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,51897,51898,51900,51902,51904,51906],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51899,2276],{"class":70},[64,51901,75],{"class":74},[64,51903,3184],{"class":320},[64,51905,330],{"class":329},[64,51907,3190],{"class":320},[64,51909,51910],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,51911,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,51913,51914,51916,51918,51920,51922,51924],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,51915,6595],{"class":368},[64,51917,21205],{"class":70},[64,51919,11806],{"class":74},[64,51921,7701],{"class":74},[64,51923,339],{"class":338},[64,51925,5989],{"class":78},[64,51927,51928,51930,51932,51934,51936,51938],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,51929,7670],{"class":108},[64,51931,112],{"class":78},[64,51933,10771],{"class":108},[64,51935,112],{"class":78},[64,51937,2302],{"class":115},[64,51939,471],{"class":78},[20,51941,51942,51943,148],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[285,51944,8045],{"href":2128},[50,51946,2661],{"id":2660},[20,51948,22716,51949,160],{},[15,51950,41995],{},[30,51952,51953,51961,51969,51977,51983],{},[33,51954,8020,51955,51957,51958],{},[15,51956,41995],{}," on an integer like ",[15,51959,51960],{},"len(5)",[33,51962,8020,51963,51965,51966],{},[15,51964,41995],{}," on a float like ",[15,51967,51968],{},"len(3.14)",[33,51970,8020,51971,51973,51974,51976],{},[15,51972,41995],{}," on ",[15,51975,258],{}," after a function returns nothing",[33,51978,1085,51979,51982],{},[15,51980,51981],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[33,51984,51985],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,51987,51988],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[55,51990,51992],{"className":57,"code":51991,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,51993,51994,52030],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,51995,51996,51998,52000,52002,52004,52006,52008,52010,52012,52014,52016,52018,52020,52022,52024,52026,52028],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,51997,12819],{"class":70},[64,51999,75],{"class":74},[64,52001,10098],{"class":78},[64,52003,2686],{"class":320},[64,52005,7267],{"class":329},[64,52007,2686],{"class":320},[64,52009,160],{"class":78},[64,52011,3184],{"class":320},[64,52013,12494],{"class":329},[64,52015,2686],{"class":320},[64,52017,86],{"class":78},[64,52019,3184],{"class":320},[64,52021,8905],{"class":329},[64,52023,2686],{"class":320},[64,52025,160],{"class":78},[64,52027,7390],{"class":82},[64,52029,8915],{"class":78},[64,52031,52032,52034,52036,52038,52040,52042,52044],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,52033,125],{"class":108},[64,52035,112],{"class":78},[64,52037,10771],{"class":108},[64,52039,112],{"class":78},[64,52041,16925],{"class":115},[64,52043,4954],{"class":78},[64,52045,51053],{"class":136},[20,52047,37226,52048,52050,52051,896,52053,148],{},[15,52049,815],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52052,14856],{},[15,52054,52055],{},"\"age\"",[20,52057,52058],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[55,52060,52062],{"className":57,"code":52061,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52063,52064,52077],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,52065,52066,52068,52070,52072,52075],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,52067,34315],{"class":70},[64,52069,75],{"class":74},[64,52071,3184],{"class":320},[64,52073,52074],{"class":329},"a b",[64,52076,3190],{"class":320},[64,52078,52079,52081,52083,52085,52087,52089,52091],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,52080,125],{"class":108},[64,52082,112],{"class":78},[64,52084,10771],{"class":108},[64,52086,112],{"class":78},[64,52088,34336],{"class":115},[64,52090,4954],{"class":78},[64,52092,50408],{"class":136},[20,52094,52095],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[50,52097,1651],{"id":1650},[428,52099,52101],{"id":52100},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52103,52104],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[428,52106,52108],{"id":52107},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52110,52111],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[428,52113,52115],{"id":52114},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52117,52118],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[428,52120,52122],{"id":52121},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52124,52125,52126,52128,52129,212,52131,52133,52134,148],{},"No. Using ",[15,52127,41995],{}," on an ",[15,52130,2019],{},[15,52132,2023],{}," raises a ",[15,52135,2835],{},[428,52137,52139],{"id":52138},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52141,7362,52142,148],{},[15,52143,52144],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52146,916],{},[55,52148,52150],{"className":57,"code":52149,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52151,52152,52160,52164,52182],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,52153,52154,52156,52158],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,52155,7910],{"class":70},[64,52157,75],{"class":74},[64,52159,7439],{"class":78},[64,52161,52162],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,52163,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,52165,52166,52168,52170,52172,52174,52176,52178,52180],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,52167,6595],{"class":368},[64,52169,38018],{"class":108},[64,52171,112],{"class":78},[64,52173,7941],{"class":115},[64,52175,133],{"class":78},[64,52177,6004],{"class":74},[64,52179,315],{"class":82},[64,52181,5989],{"class":78},[64,52183,52184,52186,52188,52190,52193,52195],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,52185,7670],{"class":108},[64,52187,112],{"class":78},[64,52189,2686],{"class":320},[64,52191,52192],{"class":329},"Empty list",[64,52194,2686],{"class":320},[64,52196,119],{"class":78},[20,52198,52199,52200,52202,52203,52205,52206,52208],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52201,147],{}," in an ",[15,52204,6595],{}," statement, but ",[15,52207,41995],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[50,52210,1717],{"id":1716},[30,52212,52213,52217,52221,52225,52230,52234,52240],{},[33,52214,52215],{},[285,52216,50614],{"href":50613},[33,52218,52219],{},[285,52220,50618],{"href":50617},[33,52222,52223],{},[285,52224,8761],{"href":8760},[33,52226,52227],{},[285,52228,52229],{"href":51184},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[33,52231,52232],{},[285,52233,8045],{"href":2128},[33,52235,52236],{},[285,52237,52239],{"href":52238},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[33,52241,52242],{},[285,52243,52244],{"href":51775},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1751,52246,52247],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":52249},[52250,52251,52252,52253,52254,52255,52256,52262,52263,52264,52265,52272],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":50416,"depth":100,"text":50417},{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":50761,"depth":100,"text":50762},{"id":50948,"depth":100,"text":50949},{"id":51188,"depth":100,"text":51189},{"id":40678,"depth":100,"text":40679,"children":52257},[52258,52259,52260,52261],{"id":51407,"depth":122,"text":51408},{"id":51461,"depth":122,"text":51462},{"id":51512,"depth":122,"text":51513},{"id":51593,"depth":122,"text":51594},{"id":51665,"depth":100,"text":51666},{"id":51779,"depth":100,"text":51780},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":52266},[52267,52268,52269,52270,52271],{"id":52100,"depth":122,"text":52101},{"id":52107,"depth":122,"text":52108},{"id":52114,"depth":122,"text":52115},{"id":52121,"depth":122,"text":52122},{"id":52138,"depth":122,"text":52139},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50299,"description":52273},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52280,"title":52281,"body":52282,"description":53967,"extension":1791,"meta":53968,"navigation":346,"path":53969,"seo":53970,"stem":53971,"__hash__":53972},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52283,"toc":53940},[52284,52287,52301,52307,52309,52363,52368,52372,52388,52391,52405,52411,52413,52416,52435,52451,52453,52529,52531,52568,52579,52581,52584,52645,52647,52680,52683,52689,52693,52696,52821,52823,52882,52890,52943,52945,52972,52978,52988,52992,52995,53000,53052,53054,53080,53086,53140,53142,53167,53170,53194,53200,53202,53206,53208,53265,53267,53275,53277,53299,53301,53354,53356,53380,53384,53386,53425,53427,53435,53441,53445,53497,53499,53525,53533,53537,53542,53551,53553,53619,53621,53653,53657,53662,53664,53678,53681,53754,53756,53782,53784,53788,53795,53799,53806,53810,53813,53815,53868,53870,53896,53900,53909,53911,53937],[10,52285,52281],{"id":52286},"python-list-append-method",[20,52288,1808,52289,52292,52293,52296,52297,52300],{},[15,52290,52291],{},"append()"," method adds ",[221,52294,52295],{},"one item"," to the ",[221,52298,52299],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52302,52303,52304,52306],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[221,52305,1138],{}," create a new list.",[50,52308,53],{"id":52},[55,52310,52312],{"className":57,"code":52311,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52313,52314,52334,52348,52358],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,52315,52316,52318,52320,52322,52324,52326,52328,52330,52332],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,52317,71],{"class":70},[64,52319,75],{"class":74},[64,52321,79],{"class":78},[64,52323,83],{"class":82},[64,52325,86],{"class":78},[64,52327,89],{"class":82},[64,52329,86],{"class":78},[64,52331,94],{"class":82},[64,52333,97],{"class":78},[64,52335,52336,52338,52340,52342,52344,52346],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,52337,116],{"class":70},[64,52339,148],{"class":78},[64,52341,13168],{"class":115},[64,52343,112],{"class":78},[64,52345,2334],{"class":82},[64,52347,119],{"class":78},[64,52349,52350,52352,52354,52356],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,52351,125],{"class":108},[64,52353,112],{"class":78},[64,52355,116],{"class":115},[64,52357,119],{"class":78},[64,52359,52360],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,52361,52362],{"class":136},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52364,1923,52365,52367],{},[15,52366,52291],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[50,52369,52371],{"id":52370},"what-append-does","What append() does",[30,52373,52374,52379,52382,52385],{},[33,52375,52376,52378],{},[15,52377,52291],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[33,52380,52381],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[33,52383,52384],{},"It does not create a new list",[33,52386,52387],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52389,52390],{},"This means you can append:",[30,52392,52393,52395,52397,52399,52401,52403],{},[33,52394,116],{},[33,52396,4901],{},[33,52398,40227],{},[33,52400,4892],{},[33,52402,6849],{},[33,52404,34289],{},[20,52406,52407,52408,148],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[285,52409,52410],{"href":50617},"Python lists explained for beginners",[50,52412,5024],{"id":5023},[20,52414,52415],{},"Basic form:",[55,52417,52419],{"className":57,"code":52418,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52420,52421],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,52422,52423,52425,52427,52429,52431,52433],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,52424,7941],{"class":70},[64,52426,148],{"class":78},[64,52428,13168],{"class":115},[64,52430,112],{"class":78},[64,52432,22932],{"class":115},[64,52434,119],{"class":78},[30,52436,52437,52442,52447],{},[33,52438,52439,52441],{},[15,52440,7941],{}," is the list you want to change",[33,52443,52444,52446],{},[15,52445,22932],{}," is the value or object to add",[33,52448,11523,52449],{},[15,52450,258],{},[20,52452,916],{},[55,52454,52456],{"className":57,"code":52455,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52457,52458,52482,52505,52509,52519],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,52459,52460,52462,52464,52466,52468,52470,52472,52474,52476,52478,52480],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,52461,35869],{"class":70},[64,52463,75],{"class":74},[64,52465,79],{"class":78},[64,52467,2686],{"class":320},[64,52469,576],{"class":329},[64,52471,2686],{"class":320},[64,52473,86],{"class":78},[64,52475,3184],{"class":320},[64,52477,585],{"class":329},[64,52479,2686],{"class":320},[64,52481,97],{"class":78},[64,52483,52484,52486,52488,52491,52493,52495,52497,52499,52501,52503],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,52485,103],{"class":70},[64,52487,75],{"class":74},[64,52489,52490],{"class":70}," fruits",[64,52492,148],{"class":78},[64,52494,13168],{"class":115},[64,52496,112],{"class":78},[64,52498,2686],{"class":320},[64,52500,32847],{"class":329},[64,52502,2686],{"class":320},[64,52504,119],{"class":78},[64,52506,52507],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,52508,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,52510,52511,52513,52515,52517],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,52512,125],{"class":108},[64,52514,112],{"class":78},[64,52516,35921],{"class":115},[64,52518,119],{"class":78},[64,52520,52521,52523,52525,52527],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,52522,125],{"class":108},[64,52524,112],{"class":78},[64,52526,130],{"class":115},[64,52528,119],{"class":78},[20,52530,384],{},[55,52532,52534],{"className":57,"code":52533,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52535,52536,52564],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,52537,52538,52540,52542,52544,52546,52548,52550,52552,52554,52556,52558,52560,52562],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,52539,394],{"class":78},[64,52541,333],{"class":320},[64,52543,576],{"class":329},[64,52545,333],{"class":320},[64,52547,86],{"class":78},[64,52549,326],{"class":320},[64,52551,585],{"class":329},[64,52553,333],{"class":320},[64,52555,86],{"class":78},[64,52557,326],{"class":320},[64,52559,32847],{"class":329},[64,52561,333],{"class":320},[64,52563,97],{"class":78},[64,52565,52566],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,52567,11420],{"class":338},[20,52569,52570,52571,52573,52574,52576,52577,148],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52572,52291],{}," updates ",[15,52575,35921],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52578,258],{},[50,52580,11086],{"id":11085},[20,52582,52583],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[55,52585,52587],{"className":57,"code":52586,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52588,52589,52613,52631,52635],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,52590,52591,52593,52595,52597,52599,52601,52603,52605,52607,52609,52611],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,52592,12690],{"class":70},[64,52594,75],{"class":74},[64,52596,79],{"class":78},[64,52598,2686],{"class":320},[64,52600,12707],{"class":329},[64,52602,2686],{"class":320},[64,52604,86],{"class":78},[64,52606,3184],{"class":320},[64,52608,12724],{"class":329},[64,52610,2686],{"class":320},[64,52612,97],{"class":78},[64,52614,52615,52617,52619,52621,52623,52625,52627,52629],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,52616,17121],{"class":70},[64,52618,148],{"class":78},[64,52620,13168],{"class":115},[64,52622,112],{"class":78},[64,52624,2686],{"class":320},[64,52626,17074],{"class":329},[64,52628,2686],{"class":320},[64,52630,119],{"class":78},[64,52632,52633],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,52634,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,52636,52637,52639,52641,52643],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,52638,125],{"class":108},[64,52640,112],{"class":78},[64,52642,17121],{"class":115},[64,52644,119],{"class":78},[20,52646,384],{},[55,52648,52650],{"className":57,"code":52649,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52651,52652],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,52653,52654,52656,52658,52660,52662,52664,52666,52668,52670,52672,52674,52676,52678],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,52655,394],{"class":78},[64,52657,333],{"class":320},[64,52659,12707],{"class":329},[64,52661,333],{"class":320},[64,52663,86],{"class":78},[64,52665,326],{"class":320},[64,52667,12724],{"class":329},[64,52669,333],{"class":320},[64,52671,86],{"class":78},[64,52673,326],{"class":320},[64,52675,17074],{"class":329},[64,52677,333],{"class":320},[64,52679,97],{"class":78},[20,52681,52682],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52684,30708,52685,148],{},[285,52686,52688],{"href":52687},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[50,52690,52692],{"id":52691},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52694,52695],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[55,52697,52699],{"className":57,"code":52698,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52700,52701,52709,52713,52727,52745,52759,52785,52807,52811],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,52702,52703,52705,52707],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,52704,7379],{"class":70},[64,52706,75],{"class":74},[64,52708,7439],{"class":78},[64,52710,52711],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,52712,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,52714,52715,52717,52719,52721,52723,52725],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,52716,7410],{"class":70},[64,52718,148],{"class":78},[64,52720,13168],{"class":115},[64,52722,112],{"class":78},[64,52724,2160],{"class":82},[64,52726,119],{"class":78},[64,52728,52729,52731,52733,52735,52737,52739,52741,52743],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,52730,7410],{"class":70},[64,52732,148],{"class":78},[64,52734,13168],{"class":115},[64,52736,112],{"class":78},[64,52738,2686],{"class":320},[64,52740,330],{"class":329},[64,52742,2686],{"class":320},[64,52744,119],{"class":78},[64,52746,52747,52749,52751,52753,52755,52757],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,52748,7410],{"class":70},[64,52750,148],{"class":78},[64,52752,13168],{"class":115},[64,52754,112],{"class":78},[64,52756,47],{"class":338},[64,52758,119],{"class":78},[64,52760,52761,52763,52765,52767,52769,52771,52773,52775,52777,52779,52781,52783],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,52762,7410],{"class":70},[64,52764,148],{"class":78},[64,52766,13168],{"class":115},[64,52768,5123],{"class":78},[64,52770,2686],{"class":320},[64,52772,7267],{"class":329},[64,52774,2686],{"class":320},[64,52776,160],{"class":78},[64,52778,3184],{"class":320},[64,52780,7276],{"class":329},[64,52782,2686],{"class":320},[64,52784,30121],{"class":78},[64,52786,52787,52789,52791,52793,52795,52797,52799,52801,52803,52805],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,52788,7410],{"class":70},[64,52790,148],{"class":78},[64,52792,13168],{"class":115},[64,52794,354],{"class":78},[64,52796,83],{"class":82},[64,52798,86],{"class":78},[64,52800,89],{"class":82},[64,52802,86],{"class":78},[64,52804,94],{"class":82},[64,52806,381],{"class":78},[64,52808,52809],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,52810,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,52812,52813,52815,52817,52819],{"class":66,"line":6028},[64,52814,125],{"class":108},[64,52816,112],{"class":78},[64,52818,7410],{"class":115},[64,52820,119],{"class":78},[20,52822,384],{},[55,52824,52826],{"className":57,"code":52825,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,52827,52828],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,52829,52830,52832,52834,52836,52838,52840,52842,52844,52846,52848,52850,52852,52854,52856,52858,52860,52862,52864,52867,52869,52871,52873,52875,52877,52879],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,52831,394],{"class":78},[64,52833,2160],{"class":82},[64,52835,86],{"class":78},[64,52837,326],{"class":320},[64,52839,330],{"class":329},[64,52841,333],{"class":320},[64,52843,86],{"class":78},[64,52845,410],{"class":338},[64,52847,86],{"class":78},[64,52849,10098],{"class":78},[64,52851,333],{"class":320},[64,52853,7267],{"class":329},[64,52855,333],{"class":320},[64,52857,160],{"class":78},[64,52859,326],{"class":320},[64,52861,7276],{"class":329},[64,52863,333],{"class":320},[64,52865,52866],{"class":78},"},",[64,52868,79],{"class":78},[64,52870,83],{"class":82},[64,52872,86],{"class":78},[64,52874,89],{"class":82},[64,52876,86],{"class":78},[64,52878,94],{"class":82},[64,52880,52881],{"class":78},"]]\n",[20,52883,52884,52885,41789,52887,148],{},"A list added with ",[15,52886,52291],{},[221,52888,52889],{},"one single item",[55,52891,52893],{"className":57,"code":52892,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52894,52895,52911,52929,52933],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,52896,52897,52899,52901,52903,52905,52907,52909],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,52898,71],{"class":70},[64,52900,75],{"class":74},[64,52902,79],{"class":78},[64,52904,83],{"class":82},[64,52906,86],{"class":78},[64,52908,89],{"class":82},[64,52910,97],{"class":78},[64,52912,52913,52915,52917,52919,52921,52923,52925,52927],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,52914,116],{"class":70},[64,52916,148],{"class":78},[64,52918,13168],{"class":115},[64,52920,354],{"class":78},[64,52922,1892],{"class":82},[64,52924,86],{"class":78},[64,52926,2286],{"class":82},[64,52928,381],{"class":78},[64,52930,52931],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,52932,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,52934,52935,52937,52939,52941],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,52936,125],{"class":108},[64,52938,112],{"class":78},[64,52940,116],{"class":115},[64,52942,119],{"class":78},[20,52944,384],{},[55,52946,52948],{"className":57,"code":52947,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,52949,52950],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,52951,52952,52954,52956,52958,52960,52962,52964,52966,52968,52970],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,52953,394],{"class":78},[64,52955,83],{"class":82},[64,52957,86],{"class":78},[64,52959,89],{"class":82},[64,52961,86],{"class":78},[64,52963,79],{"class":78},[64,52965,1892],{"class":82},[64,52967,86],{"class":78},[64,52969,2286],{"class":82},[64,52971,52881],{"class":78},[20,52973,2115,52974,52977],{},[15,52975,52976],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,52979,52980,52981,52987],{},"This is different from ",[285,52982,52984],{"href":52983},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,52985,52986],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[50,52989,52991],{"id":52990},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,52993,52994],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[428,52996,8020,52998],{"id":52997},"using-append",[15,52999,52291],{},[55,53001,53002],{"className":57,"code":52892,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,53003,53004,53020,53038,53042],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,53005,53006,53008,53010,53012,53014,53016,53018],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53007,71],{"class":70},[64,53009,75],{"class":74},[64,53011,79],{"class":78},[64,53013,83],{"class":82},[64,53015,86],{"class":78},[64,53017,89],{"class":82},[64,53019,97],{"class":78},[64,53021,53022,53024,53026,53028,53030,53032,53034,53036],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,53023,116],{"class":70},[64,53025,148],{"class":78},[64,53027,13168],{"class":115},[64,53029,354],{"class":78},[64,53031,1892],{"class":82},[64,53033,86],{"class":78},[64,53035,2286],{"class":82},[64,53037,381],{"class":78},[64,53039,53040],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,53041,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,53043,53044,53046,53048,53050],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,53045,125],{"class":108},[64,53047,112],{"class":78},[64,53049,116],{"class":115},[64,53051,119],{"class":78},[20,53053,384],{},[55,53055,53056],{"className":57,"code":52947,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,53057,53058],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,53059,53060,53062,53064,53066,53068,53070,53072,53074,53076,53078],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53061,394],{"class":78},[64,53063,83],{"class":82},[64,53065,86],{"class":78},[64,53067,89],{"class":82},[64,53069,86],{"class":78},[64,53071,79],{"class":78},[64,53073,1892],{"class":82},[64,53075,86],{"class":78},[64,53077,2286],{"class":82},[64,53079,52881],{"class":78},[428,53081,8020,53083],{"id":53082},"using-extend",[15,53084,53085],{},"extend()",[55,53087,53089],{"className":57,"code":53088,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53090,53091,53107,53126,53130],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,53092,53093,53095,53097,53099,53101,53103,53105],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53094,71],{"class":70},[64,53096,75],{"class":74},[64,53098,79],{"class":78},[64,53100,83],{"class":82},[64,53102,86],{"class":78},[64,53104,89],{"class":82},[64,53106,97],{"class":78},[64,53108,53109,53111,53113,53116,53118,53120,53122,53124],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,53110,116],{"class":70},[64,53112,148],{"class":78},[64,53114,53115],{"class":115},"extend",[64,53117,354],{"class":78},[64,53119,1892],{"class":82},[64,53121,86],{"class":78},[64,53123,2286],{"class":82},[64,53125,381],{"class":78},[64,53127,53128],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,53129,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,53131,53132,53134,53136,53138],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,53133,125],{"class":108},[64,53135,112],{"class":78},[64,53137,116],{"class":115},[64,53139,119],{"class":78},[20,53141,384],{},[55,53143,53145],{"className":57,"code":53144,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53146,53147],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,53148,53149,53151,53153,53155,53157,53159,53161,53163,53165],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53150,394],{"class":78},[64,53152,83],{"class":82},[64,53154,86],{"class":78},[64,53156,89],{"class":82},[64,53158,86],{"class":78},[64,53160,94],{"class":82},[64,53162,86],{"class":78},[64,53164,2286],{"class":82},[64,53166,97],{"class":78},[20,53168,53169],{},"The difference:",[30,53171,53172,53178,53184,53189],{},[33,53173,53174,53177],{},[15,53175,53176],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[33,53179,53180,53183],{},[15,53181,53182],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[33,53185,1923,53186,53188],{},[15,53187,52291],{}," for one item",[33,53190,1923,53191,53193],{},[15,53192,53085],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53195,53196,53197,148],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[285,53198,53199],{"href":52983},"Python list extend() method",[50,53201,1023],{"id":1022},[428,53203,53205],{"id":53204},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53207,25313],{},[55,53209,53211],{"className":57,"code":53210,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53212,53213,53233,53251,53255],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,53214,53215,53217,53219,53221,53223,53225,53227,53229,53231],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53216,7379],{"class":70},[64,53218,75],{"class":74},[64,53220,79],{"class":78},[64,53222,83],{"class":82},[64,53224,86],{"class":78},[64,53226,89],{"class":82},[64,53228,86],{"class":78},[64,53230,94],{"class":82},[64,53232,97],{"class":78},[64,53234,53235,53237,53239,53241,53243,53245,53247,53249],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,53236,7379],{"class":70},[64,53238,75],{"class":74},[64,53240,5560],{"class":70},[64,53242,148],{"class":78},[64,53244,13168],{"class":115},[64,53246,112],{"class":78},[64,53248,2334],{"class":82},[64,53250,119],{"class":78},[64,53252,53253],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,53254,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,53256,53257,53259,53261,53263],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,53258,125],{"class":108},[64,53260,112],{"class":78},[64,53262,7410],{"class":115},[64,53264,119],{"class":78},[20,53266,384],{},[55,53268,53269],{"className":57,"code":11420,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,53270,53271],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,53272,53273],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53274,11420],{"class":338},[20,53276,11512],{},[30,53278,53279,53284,53290],{},[33,53280,53281,53283],{},[15,53282,52291],{}," changes the list in place",[33,53285,53286,44,53288],{},[15,53287,52291],{},[15,53289,258],{},[33,53291,53292,53293,53296,53297],{},"So ",[15,53294,53295],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53298,258],{},[20,53300,10416],{},[55,53302,53304],{"className":57,"code":53303,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53305,53306,53326,53340,53344],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,53307,53308,53310,53312,53314,53316,53318,53320,53322,53324],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53309,7379],{"class":70},[64,53311,75],{"class":74},[64,53313,79],{"class":78},[64,53315,83],{"class":82},[64,53317,86],{"class":78},[64,53319,89],{"class":82},[64,53321,86],{"class":78},[64,53323,94],{"class":82},[64,53325,97],{"class":78},[64,53327,53328,53330,53332,53334,53336,53338],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,53329,7410],{"class":70},[64,53331,148],{"class":78},[64,53333,13168],{"class":115},[64,53335,112],{"class":78},[64,53337,2334],{"class":82},[64,53339,119],{"class":78},[64,53341,53342],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,53343,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,53345,53346,53348,53350,53352],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,53347,125],{"class":108},[64,53349,112],{"class":78},[64,53351,7410],{"class":115},[64,53353,119],{"class":78},[20,53355,384],{},[55,53357,53358],{"className":57,"code":53144,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,53359,53360],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,53361,53362,53364,53366,53368,53370,53372,53374,53376,53378],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53363,394],{"class":78},[64,53365,83],{"class":82},[64,53367,86],{"class":78},[64,53369,89],{"class":82},[64,53371,86],{"class":78},[64,53373,94],{"class":82},[64,53375,86],{"class":78},[64,53377,2286],{"class":82},[64,53379,97],{"class":78},[428,53381,53383],{"id":53382},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53385,18533],{},[55,53387,53389],{"className":57,"code":53388,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53390,53391,53415],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,53392,53393,53395,53397,53399,53401,53403,53405,53407,53409,53411,53413],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53394,31508],{"class":70},[64,53396,75],{"class":74},[64,53398,79],{"class":78},[64,53400,83],{"class":82},[64,53402,86],{"class":78},[64,53404,89],{"class":82},[64,53406,13165],{"class":78},[64,53408,13168],{"class":115},[64,53410,112],{"class":78},[64,53412,1892],{"class":82},[64,53414,119],{"class":78},[64,53416,53417,53419,53421,53423],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,53418,125],{"class":108},[64,53420,112],{"class":78},[64,53422,31527],{"class":115},[64,53424,119],{"class":78},[20,53426,384],{},[55,53428,53429],{"className":57,"code":11420,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,53430,53431],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,53432,53433],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53434,11420],{"class":338},[20,53436,53437,53438,53440],{},"Remember: ",[15,53439,52291],{}," updates the list you already have.",[428,53442,53444],{"id":53443},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[55,53446,53447],{"className":57,"code":52892,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,53448,53449,53465,53483,53487],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,53450,53451,53453,53455,53457,53459,53461,53463],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53452,71],{"class":70},[64,53454,75],{"class":74},[64,53456,79],{"class":78},[64,53458,83],{"class":82},[64,53460,86],{"class":78},[64,53462,89],{"class":82},[64,53464,97],{"class":78},[64,53466,53467,53469,53471,53473,53475,53477,53479,53481],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,53468,116],{"class":70},[64,53470,148],{"class":78},[64,53472,13168],{"class":115},[64,53474,354],{"class":78},[64,53476,1892],{"class":82},[64,53478,86],{"class":78},[64,53480,2286],{"class":82},[64,53482,381],{"class":78},[64,53484,53485],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,53486,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,53488,53489,53491,53493,53495],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,53490,125],{"class":108},[64,53492,112],{"class":78},[64,53494,116],{"class":115},[64,53496,119],{"class":78},[20,53498,384],{},[55,53500,53501],{"className":57,"code":52947,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,53502,53503],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,53504,53505,53507,53509,53511,53513,53515,53517,53519,53521,53523],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53506,394],{"class":78},[64,53508,83],{"class":82},[64,53510,86],{"class":78},[64,53512,89],{"class":82},[64,53514,86],{"class":78},[64,53516,79],{"class":78},[64,53518,1892],{"class":82},[64,53520,86],{"class":78},[64,53522,2286],{"class":82},[64,53524,52881],{"class":78},[20,53526,2999,53527,53530,53531,6228],{},[15,53528,53529],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53532,53085],{},[428,53534,53536],{"id":53535},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53538,53539,53541],{},[15,53540,52291],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53543,53544,53545,148],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[285,53546,53548],{"href":53547},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53549,53550],{},"list.insert()",[20,53552,916],{},[55,53554,53556],{"className":57,"code":53555,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53557,53558,53582,53605,53609],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,53559,53560,53562,53564,53566,53568,53570,53572,53574,53576,53578,53580],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53561,35720],{"class":70},[64,53563,75],{"class":74},[64,53565,79],{"class":78},[64,53567,2686],{"class":320},[64,53569,285],{"class":329},[64,53571,2686],{"class":320},[64,53573,86],{"class":78},[64,53575,3184],{"class":320},[64,53577,9346],{"class":329},[64,53579,2686],{"class":320},[64,53581,97],{"class":78},[64,53583,53584,53586,53588,53591,53593,53595,53597,53599,53601,53603],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,53585,35773],{"class":70},[64,53587,148],{"class":78},[64,53589,53590],{"class":115},"insert",[64,53592,112],{"class":78},[64,53594,83],{"class":82},[64,53596,86],{"class":78},[64,53598,3184],{"class":320},[64,53600,1269],{"class":329},[64,53602,2686],{"class":320},[64,53604,119],{"class":78},[64,53606,53607],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,53608,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,53610,53611,53613,53615,53617],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,53612,125],{"class":108},[64,53614,112],{"class":78},[64,53616,35773],{"class":115},[64,53618,119],{"class":78},[20,53620,384],{},[55,53622,53623],{"className":57,"code":42510,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,53624,53625],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,53626,53627,53629,53631,53633,53635,53637,53639,53641,53643,53645,53647,53649,53651],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53628,394],{"class":78},[64,53630,333],{"class":320},[64,53632,285],{"class":329},[64,53634,333],{"class":320},[64,53636,86],{"class":78},[64,53638,326],{"class":320},[64,53640,1269],{"class":329},[64,53642,333],{"class":320},[64,53644,86],{"class":78},[64,53646,326],{"class":320},[64,53648,9346],{"class":329},[64,53650,333],{"class":320},[64,53652,97],{"class":78},[50,53654,53656],{"id":53655},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53658,53659,53661],{},[15,53660,52291],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53663,36056],{},[30,53665,53666,53669,53672,53675],{},[33,53667,53668],{},"building a list in a loop",[33,53670,53671],{},"collecting user input",[33,53673,53674],{},"storing results step by step",[33,53676,53677],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53679,53680],{},"Example with a loop:",[55,53682,53684],{"className":57,"code":53683,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53685,53686,53695,53699,53720,53739,53743],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,53687,53688,53691,53693],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53689,53690],{"class":70},"squares ",[64,53692,75],{"class":74},[64,53694,7439],{"class":78},[64,53696,53697],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,53698,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,53700,53701,53703,53705,53707,53710,53712,53714,53716,53718],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,53702,5552],{"class":368},[64,53704,5982],{"class":70},[64,53706,375],{"class":368},[64,53708,53709],{"class":108}," range",[64,53711,112],{"class":78},[64,53713,83],{"class":82},[64,53715,86],{"class":78},[64,53717,1112],{"class":82},[64,53719,7944],{"class":78},[64,53721,53722,53725,53727,53729,53731,53733,53735,53737],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,53723,53724],{"class":70},"    squares",[64,53726,148],{"class":78},[64,53728,13168],{"class":115},[64,53730,112],{"class":78},[64,53732,2048],{"class":115},[64,53734,39505],{"class":74},[64,53736,2028],{"class":115},[64,53738,119],{"class":78},[64,53740,53741],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,53742,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,53744,53745,53747,53749,53752],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,53746,125],{"class":108},[64,53748,112],{"class":78},[64,53750,53751],{"class":115},"squares",[64,53753,119],{"class":78},[20,53755,384],{},[55,53757,53759],{"className":57,"code":53758,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,53760,53761],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,53762,53763,53765,53767,53769,53771,53773,53776,53778,53780],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53764,394],{"class":78},[64,53766,83],{"class":82},[64,53768,86],{"class":78},[64,53770,2286],{"class":82},[64,53772,86],{"class":78},[64,53774,53775],{"class":82}," 9",[64,53777,86],{"class":78},[64,53779,13603],{"class":82},[64,53781,97],{"class":78},[50,53783,1651],{"id":1650},[428,53785,53787],{"id":53786},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,53789,46001,53790,53792,53793,148],{},[15,53791,52291],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,53794,258],{},[428,53796,53798],{"id":53797},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,53800,53801,53802,148],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[285,53803,53804],{"href":52983},[15,53805,53085],{},[428,53807,53809],{"id":53808},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,53811,53812],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,53814,916],{},[55,53816,53818],{"className":57,"code":53817,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,53819,53820,53836,53854,53858],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,53821,53822,53824,53826,53828,53830,53832,53834],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53823,8771],{"class":70},[64,53825,75],{"class":74},[64,53827,79],{"class":78},[64,53829,83],{"class":82},[64,53831,86],{"class":78},[64,53833,89],{"class":82},[64,53835,97],{"class":78},[64,53837,53838,53840,53842,53844,53846,53848,53850,53852],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,53839,8810],{"class":70},[64,53841,148],{"class":78},[64,53843,13168],{"class":115},[64,53845,354],{"class":78},[64,53847,1892],{"class":82},[64,53849,86],{"class":78},[64,53851,2286],{"class":82},[64,53853,381],{"class":78},[64,53855,53856],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,53857,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,53859,53860,53862,53864,53866],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,53861,125],{"class":108},[64,53863,112],{"class":78},[64,53865,8810],{"class":115},[64,53867,119],{"class":78},[20,53869,384],{},[55,53871,53872],{"className":57,"code":52947,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,53873,53874],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,53875,53876,53878,53880,53882,53884,53886,53888,53890,53892,53894],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,53877,394],{"class":78},[64,53879,83],{"class":82},[64,53881,86],{"class":78},[64,53883,89],{"class":82},[64,53885,86],{"class":78},[64,53887,79],{"class":78},[64,53889,1892],{"class":82},[64,53891,86],{"class":78},[64,53893,2286],{"class":82},[64,53895,52881],{"class":78},[428,53897,53899],{"id":53898},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,53901,53902,53904,53905,53908],{},[15,53903,52291],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,53906,53907],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[50,53910,1717],{"id":1716},[30,53912,53913,53918,53922,53927,53931],{},[33,53914,53915],{},[285,53916,53917],{"href":52687},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[33,53919,53920],{},[285,53921,53199],{"href":52983},[33,53923,53924],{},[285,53925,53926],{"href":53547},"Python list insert() method",[33,53928,53929],{},[285,53930,52410],{"href":50617},[33,53932,53933],{},[285,53934,53936],{"href":53935},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1751,53938,53939],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":53941},[53942,53943,53944,53945,53946,53947,53953,53959,53960,53966],{"id":52,"depth":100,"text":53},{"id":52370,"depth":100,"text":52371},{"id":5023,"depth":100,"text":5024},{"id":11085,"depth":100,"text":11086},{"id":52691,"depth":100,"text":52692},{"id":52990,"depth":100,"text":52991,"children":53948},[53949,53951],{"id":52997,"depth":122,"text":53950},"Using append()",{"id":53082,"depth":122,"text":53952},"Using extend()",{"id":1022,"depth":100,"text":1023,"children":53954},[53955,53956,53957,53958],{"id":53204,"depth":122,"text":53205},{"id":53382,"depth":122,"text":53383},{"id":53443,"depth":122,"text":53444},{"id":53535,"depth":122,"text":53536},{"id":53655,"depth":100,"text":53656},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":53961},[53962,53963,53964,53965],{"id":53786,"depth":122,"text":53787},{"id":53797,"depth":122,"text":53798},{"id":53808,"depth":122,"text":53809},{"id":53898,"depth":122,"text":53899},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52281,"description":53967},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":53974,"title":53975,"body":53976,"description":55220,"extension":1791,"meta":55221,"navigation":346,"path":55222,"seo":55223,"stem":55224,"__hash__":55225},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":53977,"toc":55185},[53978,53984,53990,53996,53998,54046,54051,54056,54060,54076,54082,54084,54087,54102,54104,54115,54117,54119,54176,54178,54186,54188,54204,54210,54212,54218,54222,54306,54309,54358,54365,54373,54376,54390,54403,54409,54484,54491,54498,54572,54580,54583,54594,54603,54607,54611,54622,54624,54701,54722,54724,54734,54737,54785,54787,54808,54811,54813,54864,54870,54877,54944,54950,54956,54959,54986,54991,54997,55000,55072,55075,55086,55092,55094,55100,55103,55109,55115,55122,55130,55136,55142,55144,55182],[10,53979,53981,53982,10932],{"id":53980},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,53983,10931],{},[20,53985,53986,53989],{},[15,53987,53988],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,53991,53992,53993,53995],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[221,53994,10944],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[50,53997,53],{"id":52},[55,53999,54001],{"className":57,"code":54000,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54002,54003,54023,54033],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,54004,54005,54007,54009,54011,54013,54015,54017,54019,54021],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54006,7379],{"class":70},[64,54008,75],{"class":74},[64,54010,79],{"class":78},[64,54012,83],{"class":82},[64,54014,86],{"class":78},[64,54016,89],{"class":82},[64,54018,86],{"class":78},[64,54020,94],{"class":82},[64,54022,97],{"class":78},[64,54024,54025,54027,54029,54031],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,54026,7410],{"class":70},[64,54028,148],{"class":78},[64,54030,10993],{"class":115},[64,54032,8247],{"class":78},[64,54034,54035,54037,54039,54041,54043],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,54036,125],{"class":108},[64,54038,112],{"class":78},[64,54040,7410],{"class":115},[64,54042,133],{"class":78},[64,54044,54045],{"class":136},"  # []\n",[20,54047,1923,54048,54050],{},[15,54049,10931],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[50,54052,152,54054,155],{"id":54053},"what-listclear-does",[15,54055,53988],{},[20,54057,54058,160],{},[15,54059,53988],{},[30,54061,54062,54065,54068,54073],{},[33,54063,54064],{},"Removes every item from a list",[33,54066,54067],{},"Changes the original list in place",[33,54069,54070,54071],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54072,267],{},[33,54074,54075],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54077,54078,54079,54081],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54080,10931],{},", but it contains no values.",[50,54083,1988],{"id":1987},[20,54085,54086],{},"Syntax:",[55,54088,54090],{"className":57,"code":54089,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54091,54092],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,54093,54094,54096,54098,54100],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54095,7941],{"class":70},[64,54097,148],{"class":78},[64,54099,10993],{"class":115},[64,54101,8247],{"class":78},[20,54103,11069],{},[30,54105,54106,54109,54112],{},[33,54107,54108],{},"Call it on a list object",[33,54110,54111],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[33,54113,54114],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[50,54116,11086],{"id":11085},[20,54118,11089],{},[55,54120,54122],{"className":57,"code":54121,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54123,54124,54148,54152,54162,54166],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,54125,54126,54128,54130,54132,54134,54136,54138,54140,54142,54144,54146],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54127,71],{"class":70},[64,54129,75],{"class":74},[64,54131,79],{"class":78},[64,54133,2160],{"class":82},[64,54135,86],{"class":78},[64,54137,7390],{"class":82},[64,54139,86],{"class":78},[64,54141,7395],{"class":82},[64,54143,86],{"class":78},[64,54145,50481],{"class":82},[64,54147,97],{"class":78},[64,54149,54150],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,54151,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,54153,54154,54156,54158,54160],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,54155,116],{"class":70},[64,54157,148],{"class":78},[64,54159,10993],{"class":115},[64,54161,8247],{"class":78},[64,54163,54164],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,54165,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,54167,54168,54170,54172,54174],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,54169,125],{"class":108},[64,54171,112],{"class":78},[64,54173,116],{"class":115},[64,54175,119],{"class":78},[20,54177,384],{},[55,54179,54180],{"className":57,"code":37929,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,54181,54182],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,54183,54184],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54185,37929],{"class":78},[20,54187,11295],{},[30,54189,54190,54195,54201],{},[33,54191,54192,54194],{},[15,54193,116],{}," starts with four items",[33,54196,54197,54200],{},[15,54198,54199],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[33,54202,54203],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54205,54206,54207,148],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[285,54208,52410],{"href":54209},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[50,54211,17037],{"id":17036},[20,54213,54214,44,54216,148],{},[15,54215,10931],{},[15,54217,258],{},[20,54219,40539,54220,52306],{},[221,54221,1138],{},[55,54223,54225],{"className":57,"code":54224,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54226,54227,54259,54263,54277,54281,54294],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,54228,54229,54231,54233,54235,54237,54239,54241,54243,54245,54247,54249,54251,54253,54255,54257],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54230,7379],{"class":70},[64,54232,75],{"class":74},[64,54234,79],{"class":78},[64,54236,2686],{"class":320},[64,54238,285],{"class":329},[64,54240,2686],{"class":320},[64,54242,86],{"class":78},[64,54244,3184],{"class":320},[64,54246,1269],{"class":329},[64,54248,2686],{"class":320},[64,54250,86],{"class":78},[64,54252,3184],{"class":320},[64,54254,9346],{"class":329},[64,54256,2686],{"class":320},[64,54258,97],{"class":78},[64,54260,54261],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,54262,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,54264,54265,54267,54269,54271,54273,54275],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,54266,103],{"class":70},[64,54268,75],{"class":74},[64,54270,5560],{"class":70},[64,54272,148],{"class":78},[64,54274,10993],{"class":115},[64,54276,8247],{"class":78},[64,54278,54279],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,54280,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,54282,54283,54285,54287,54289,54291],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,54284,125],{"class":108},[64,54286,112],{"class":78},[64,54288,7410],{"class":115},[64,54290,133],{"class":78},[64,54292,54293],{"class":136},"   # []\n",[64,54295,54296,54298,54300,54302,54304],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,54297,125],{"class":108},[64,54299,112],{"class":78},[64,54301,130],{"class":115},[64,54303,133],{"class":78},[64,54305,20496],{"class":136},[20,54307,54308],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[55,54310,54312],{"className":57,"code":54311,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54313,54314,54334,54348],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,54315,54316,54318,54320,54322,54324,54326,54328,54330,54332],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54317,7379],{"class":70},[64,54319,75],{"class":74},[64,54321,79],{"class":78},[64,54323,83],{"class":82},[64,54325,86],{"class":78},[64,54327,89],{"class":82},[64,54329,86],{"class":78},[64,54331,94],{"class":82},[64,54333,97],{"class":78},[64,54335,54336,54338,54340,54342,54344,54346],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,54337,7379],{"class":70},[64,54339,75],{"class":74},[64,54341,5560],{"class":70},[64,54343,148],{"class":78},[64,54345,10993],{"class":115},[64,54347,8247],{"class":78},[64,54349,54350,54352,54354,54356],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,54351,125],{"class":108},[64,54353,112],{"class":78},[64,54355,7410],{"class":115},[64,54357,119],{"class":78},[20,54359,11528,54360,41789,54362,54364],{},[15,54361,7410],{},[15,54363,258],{},", not an empty list.",[50,54366,54368,54370,54371],{"id":54367},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54369,10931],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54372,267],{},[20,54374,54375],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[55,54377,54378],{"className":57,"code":54089,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,54379,54380],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,54381,54382,54384,54386,54388],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54383,7941],{"class":70},[64,54385,148],{"class":78},[64,54387,10993],{"class":115},[64,54389,8247],{"class":78},[55,54391,54393],{"className":57,"code":54392,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_list = []\n",[15,54394,54395],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,54396,54397,54399,54401],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54398,7910],{"class":70},[64,54400,75],{"class":74},[64,54402,7439],{"class":78},[428,54404,54406,54408],{"id":54405},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54407,10931],{}," empties the same list object",[55,54410,54412],{"className":57,"code":54411,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54413,54414,54434,54442,54446,54456,54460,54472],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,54415,54416,54418,54420,54422,54424,54426,54428,54430,54432],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54417,2384],{"class":70},[64,54419,75],{"class":74},[64,54421,79],{"class":78},[64,54423,83],{"class":82},[64,54425,86],{"class":78},[64,54427,89],{"class":82},[64,54429,86],{"class":78},[64,54431,94],{"class":82},[64,54433,97],{"class":78},[64,54435,54436,54438,54440],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,54437,2412],{"class":70},[64,54439,75],{"class":74},[64,54441,35805],{"class":70},[64,54443,54444],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,54445,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,54447,54448,54450,54452,54454],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,54449,285],{"class":70},[64,54451,148],{"class":78},[64,54453,10993],{"class":115},[64,54455,8247],{"class":78},[64,54457,54458],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,54459,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,54461,54462,54464,54466,54468,54470],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,54463,125],{"class":108},[64,54465,112],{"class":78},[64,54467,285],{"class":115},[64,54469,133],{"class":78},[64,54471,54045],{"class":136},[64,54473,54474,54476,54478,54480,54482],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,54475,125],{"class":108},[64,54477,112],{"class":78},[64,54479,1269],{"class":115},[64,54481,133],{"class":78},[64,54483,54045],{"class":136},[20,54485,10198,54486,896,54488,54490],{},[15,54487,285],{},[15,54489,1269],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[428,54492,54494,54497],{"id":54493},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54495,54496],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[55,54499,54501],{"className":57,"code":54500,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54502,54503,54523,54531,54535,54543,54547,54559],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,54504,54505,54507,54509,54511,54513,54515,54517,54519,54521],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54506,2384],{"class":70},[64,54508,75],{"class":74},[64,54510,79],{"class":78},[64,54512,83],{"class":82},[64,54514,86],{"class":78},[64,54516,89],{"class":82},[64,54518,86],{"class":78},[64,54520,94],{"class":82},[64,54522,97],{"class":78},[64,54524,54525,54527,54529],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,54526,2412],{"class":70},[64,54528,75],{"class":74},[64,54530,35805],{"class":70},[64,54532,54533],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,54534,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,54536,54537,54539,54541],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,54538,2384],{"class":70},[64,54540,75],{"class":74},[64,54542,7439],{"class":78},[64,54544,54545],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,54546,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,54548,54549,54551,54553,54555,54557],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,54550,125],{"class":108},[64,54552,112],{"class":78},[64,54554,285],{"class":115},[64,54556,133],{"class":78},[64,54558,54045],{"class":136},[64,54560,54561,54563,54565,54567,54569],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,54562,125],{"class":108},[64,54564,112],{"class":78},[64,54566,1269],{"class":115},[64,54568,133],{"class":78},[64,54570,54571],{"class":136},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54573,20391,54574,54576,54577,54579],{},[15,54575,285],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54578,1269],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54581,54582],{},"This difference matters when:",[30,54584,54585,54588,54591],{},[33,54586,54587],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[33,54589,54590],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[33,54592,54593],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54595,54596,54597,148],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[285,54598,54600,54601,10349],{"href":54599},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54602,12390],{},[50,54604,1471,54605],{"id":12050},[15,54606,10931],{},[20,54608,1923,54609,5913],{},[15,54610,10931],{},[30,54612,54613,54616,54619],{},[33,54614,54615],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[33,54617,54618],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[33,54620,54621],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54623,916],{},[55,54625,54627],{"className":57,"code":54626,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54628,54629,54665,54669,54674,54685,54689],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,54630,54631,54634,54636,54638,54640,54643,54645,54647,54649,54652,54654,54656,54658,54661,54663],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54632,54633],{"class":70},"shopping_cart ",[64,54635,75],{"class":74},[64,54637,79],{"class":78},[64,54639,2686],{"class":320},[64,54641,54642],{"class":329},"milk",[64,54644,2686],{"class":320},[64,54646,86],{"class":78},[64,54648,3184],{"class":320},[64,54650,54651],{"class":329},"bread",[64,54653,2686],{"class":320},[64,54655,86],{"class":78},[64,54657,3184],{"class":320},[64,54659,54660],{"class":329},"eggs",[64,54662,2686],{"class":320},[64,54664,97],{"class":78},[64,54666,54667],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,54668,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,54670,54671],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,54672,54673],{"class":136},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[64,54675,54676,54679,54681,54683],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,54677,54678],{"class":70},"shopping_cart",[64,54680,148],{"class":78},[64,54682,10993],{"class":115},[64,54684,8247],{"class":78},[64,54686,54687],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,54688,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,54690,54691,54693,54695,54697,54699],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,54692,125],{"class":108},[64,54694,112],{"class":78},[64,54696,54678],{"class":115},[64,54698,133],{"class":78},[64,54700,54045],{"class":136},[20,54702,54703,54704,54708,54709,54715,54716,148],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[285,54705,54707],{"href":54706},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[285,54710,54712,10349],{"href":54711},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54713,54714],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[285,54717,54719,10349],{"href":54718},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,54720,54721],{},"list.pop()",[50,54723,1023],{"id":1022},[428,54725,54727,54728,10701,54731],{"id":54726},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,54729,54730],{},"my_list.clear",[15,54732,54733],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,54735,54736],{},"This does not call the method.",[55,54738,54740],{"className":57,"code":54739,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,54741,54742,54762,54766,54775],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,54743,54744,54746,54748,54750,54752,54754,54756,54758,54760],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54745,7379],{"class":70},[64,54747,75],{"class":74},[64,54749,79],{"class":78},[64,54751,83],{"class":82},[64,54753,86],{"class":78},[64,54755,89],{"class":82},[64,54757,86],{"class":78},[64,54759,94],{"class":82},[64,54761,97],{"class":78},[64,54763,54764],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,54765,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,54767,54768,54770,54772],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,54769,7410],{"class":70},[64,54771,148],{"class":78},[64,54773,54774],{"class":24372},"clear\n",[64,54776,54777,54779,54781,54783],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,54778,125],{"class":108},[64,54780,112],{"class":78},[64,54782,7410],{"class":115},[64,54784,119],{"class":78},[20,54786,384],{},[55,54788,54790],{"className":57,"code":54789,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54791,54792],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,54793,54794,54796,54798,54800,54802,54804,54806],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54795,394],{"class":78},[64,54797,83],{"class":82},[64,54799,86],{"class":78},[64,54801,89],{"class":82},[64,54803,86],{"class":78},[64,54805,94],{"class":82},[64,54807,97],{"class":78},[20,54809,54810],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,54812,10416],{},[55,54814,54816],{"className":57,"code":54815,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54817,54818,54838,54842,54852],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,54819,54820,54822,54824,54826,54828,54830,54832,54834,54836],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54821,7379],{"class":70},[64,54823,75],{"class":74},[64,54825,79],{"class":78},[64,54827,83],{"class":82},[64,54829,86],{"class":78},[64,54831,89],{"class":82},[64,54833,86],{"class":78},[64,54835,94],{"class":82},[64,54837,97],{"class":78},[64,54839,54840],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,54841,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,54843,54844,54846,54848,54850],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,54845,7410],{"class":70},[64,54847,148],{"class":78},[64,54849,10993],{"class":115},[64,54851,8247],{"class":78},[64,54853,54854,54856,54858,54860,54862],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,54855,125],{"class":108},[64,54857,112],{"class":78},[64,54859,7410],{"class":115},[64,54861,133],{"class":78},[64,54863,54045],{"class":136},[428,54865,8056,54867,54869],{"id":54866},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,54868,10931],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,54871,54872,44,54874,54876],{},[15,54873,10931],{},[15,54875,258],{},", not the list.",[55,54878,54880],{"className":57,"code":54879,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,54881,54882,54902,54916,54920,54932],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,54883,54884,54886,54888,54890,54892,54894,54896,54898,54900],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54885,7379],{"class":70},[64,54887,75],{"class":74},[64,54889,79],{"class":78},[64,54891,83],{"class":82},[64,54893,86],{"class":78},[64,54895,89],{"class":82},[64,54897,86],{"class":78},[64,54899,94],{"class":82},[64,54901,97],{"class":78},[64,54903,54904,54906,54908,54910,54912,54914],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,54905,103],{"class":70},[64,54907,75],{"class":74},[64,54909,5560],{"class":70},[64,54911,148],{"class":78},[64,54913,10993],{"class":115},[64,54915,8247],{"class":78},[64,54917,54918],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,54919,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,54921,54922,54924,54926,54928,54930],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,54923,125],{"class":108},[64,54925,112],{"class":78},[64,54927,130],{"class":115},[64,54929,133],{"class":78},[64,54931,20496],{"class":136},[64,54933,54934,54936,54938,54940,54942],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,54935,125],{"class":108},[64,54937,112],{"class":78},[64,54939,7410],{"class":115},[64,54941,133],{"class":78},[64,54943,54293],{"class":136},[428,54945,8020,54947,54949],{"id":54946},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,54948,10931],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,54951,54952,54953,54955],{},"Some types have a ",[15,54954,10931],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,54957,54958],{},"This will fail:",[55,54960,54962],{"className":57,"code":54961,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,54963,54964,54976],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,54965,54966,54968,54970,54972,54974],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,54967,34315],{"class":70},[64,54969,75],{"class":74},[64,54971,3184],{"class":320},[64,54973,330],{"class":329},[64,54975,3190],{"class":320},[64,54977,54978,54980,54982,54984],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,54979,34336],{"class":70},[64,54981,148],{"class":78},[64,54983,10993],{"class":115},[64,54985,8247],{"class":78},[20,54987,54988,54989,33227],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,54990,10931],{},[20,54992,54993,54994,54996],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,54995,258],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,54998,54999],{},"Useful checks:",[55,55001,55003],{"className":57,"code":55002,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55004,55005,55015,55029,55043,55052,55062],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,55006,55007,55009,55011,55013],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,55008,125],{"class":108},[64,55010,112],{"class":78},[64,55012,7941],{"class":115},[64,55014,119],{"class":78},[64,55016,55017,55019,55021,55023,55025,55027],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,55018,125],{"class":108},[64,55020,112],{"class":78},[64,55022,3052],{"class":357},[64,55024,112],{"class":78},[64,55026,7941],{"class":115},[64,55028,471],{"class":78},[64,55030,55031,55033,55035,55037,55039,55041],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,55032,125],{"class":108},[64,55034,112],{"class":78},[64,55036,12262],{"class":108},[64,55038,112],{"class":78},[64,55040,7941],{"class":115},[64,55042,471],{"class":78},[64,55044,55045,55047,55049],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,55046,43184],{"class":70},[64,55048,75],{"class":74},[64,55050,55051],{"class":70}," my_list\n",[64,55053,55054,55056,55058,55060],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,55055,7941],{"class":70},[64,55057,148],{"class":78},[64,55059,10993],{"class":115},[64,55061,8247],{"class":78},[64,55063,55064,55066,55068,55070],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,55065,125],{"class":108},[64,55067,112],{"class":78},[64,55069,30368],{"class":115},[64,55071,119],{"class":78},[20,55073,55074],{},"These can help you see:",[30,55076,55077,55080,55083],{},[33,55078,55079],{},"What the variable currently contains",[33,55081,55082],{},"Whether it is really a list",[33,55084,55085],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55087,55088,55089,148],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[285,55090,55091],{"href":53935},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[50,55093,1651],{"id":1650},[428,55095,12317,55097,55099],{"id":55096},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55098,53988],{}," delete the list?",[20,55101,55102],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[428,55104,12317,55106,55108],{"id":55105},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55107,53988],{}," return a new list?",[20,55110,55111,55112,55114],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55113,258],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[428,55116,1694,55118,896,55120,1677],{"id":55117},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55119,10931],{},[15,55121,54496],{},[20,55123,55124,55126,55127,55129],{},[15,55125,10931],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55128,54496],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[428,55131,27952,55133,55135],{"id":55132},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55134,10931],{}," on other types?",[20,55137,55138,55139,55141],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55140,10931],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[50,55143,1717],{"id":1716},[30,55145,55146,55150,55155,55162,55169,55175],{},[33,55147,55148],{},[285,55149,52410],{"href":54209},[33,55151,55152],{},[285,55153,55154],{"href":54706},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[33,55156,55157],{},[285,55158,55159,55160,10349],{"href":54718},"Python list ",[15,55161,12376],{},[33,55163,55164],{},[285,55165,55159,55166,10349],{"href":54711},[15,55167,55168],{},"remove()",[33,55170,55171],{},[285,55172,55159,55173,10349],{"href":54599},[15,55174,12390],{},[33,55176,55177],{},[285,55178,29972,55179,33260],{"href":53935},[15,55180,55181],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1751,55183,55184],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":55186},[55187,55188,55190,55191,55192,55193,55200,55201,55209,55219],{"id":52,"depth":100,"text":53},{"id":54053,"depth":100,"text":55189},"What list.clear() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":11085,"depth":100,"text":11086},{"id":17036,"depth":100,"text":17037},{"id":54367,"depth":100,"text":55194,"children":55195},"clear() vs assigning []",[55196,55198],{"id":54405,"depth":122,"text":55197},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54493,"depth":122,"text":55199},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12050,"depth":100,"text":12422},{"id":1022,"depth":100,"text":1023,"children":55202},[55203,55205,55207],{"id":54726,"depth":122,"text":55204},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":54866,"depth":122,"text":55206},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":54946,"depth":122,"text":55208},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":55210},[55211,55213,55215,55217],{"id":55096,"depth":122,"text":55212},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55105,"depth":122,"text":55214},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55117,"depth":122,"text":55216},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55132,"depth":122,"text":55218},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":53975,"description":55220},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55227,"title":55228,"body":55229,"description":56914,"extension":1791,"meta":56915,"navigation":346,"path":56916,"seo":56917,"stem":56918,"__hash__":56919},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55230,"toc":56882},[55231,55236,55242,55250,55252,55341,55348,55353,55357,55371,55373,55450,55452,55513,55516,55518,55520,55541,55544,55558,55561,55606,55608,55616,55619,55625,55631,55634,55711,55713,55758,55761,55766,55849,55851,55892,55897,55901,55907,55909,55917,55920,56013,56015,56073,56076,56092,56097,56107,56112,56114,56119,56124,56127,56129,56186,56189,56242,56248,56253,56257,56274,56276,56360,56362,56403,56411,56413,56418,56424,56426,56489,56494,56564,56568,56603,56606,56608,56647,56651,56727,56733,56739,56744,56766,56769,56788,56796,56798,56804,56807,56814,56822,56827,56830,56834,56840,56848,56851,56853,56879],[10,55232,53981,55234,10932],{"id":55233},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55235,12390],{},[20,55237,55238,55241],{},[15,55239,55240],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55243,55244,55245,13669,55247,55249],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55246,75],{},[221,55248,1138],{}," make a real copy.",[50,55251,1833],{"id":1832},[55,55253,55255],{"className":57,"code":55254,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55256,55257,55277,55292,55296,55311,55315,55328],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,55258,55259,55261,55263,55265,55267,55269,55271,55273,55275],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,55260,71],{"class":70},[64,55262,75],{"class":74},[64,55264,79],{"class":78},[64,55266,83],{"class":82},[64,55268,86],{"class":78},[64,55270,89],{"class":82},[64,55272,86],{"class":78},[64,55274,94],{"class":82},[64,55276,97],{"class":78},[64,55278,55279,55282,55284,55286,55288,55290],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,55280,55281],{"class":70},"new_numbers ",[64,55283,75],{"class":74},[64,55285,762],{"class":70},[64,55287,148],{"class":78},[64,55289,12525],{"class":115},[64,55291,8247],{"class":78},[64,55293,55294],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,55295,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,55297,55298,55301,55303,55305,55307,55309],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,55299,55300],{"class":70},"new_numbers",[64,55302,148],{"class":78},[64,55304,13168],{"class":115},[64,55306,112],{"class":78},[64,55308,2334],{"class":82},[64,55310,119],{"class":78},[64,55312,55313],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,55314,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,55316,55317,55319,55321,55323,55325],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,55318,125],{"class":108},[64,55320,112],{"class":78},[64,55322,116],{"class":115},[64,55324,133],{"class":78},[64,55326,55327],{"class":136},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[64,55329,55330,55332,55334,55336,55338],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,55331,125],{"class":108},[64,55333,112],{"class":78},[64,55335,55300],{"class":115},[64,55337,133],{"class":78},[64,55339,55340],{"class":136},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55342,1923,55343,55345,55346,148],{},[15,55344,55240],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[221,55347,12464],{},[50,55349,152,55351,155],{"id":55350},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55352,55240],{},[20,55354,55355,160],{},[15,55356,55240],{},[30,55358,55359,55362,55365,55368],{},[33,55360,55361],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[33,55363,55364],{},"Returns that new list",[33,55366,55367],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[33,55369,55370],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55372,916],{},[55,55374,55376],{"className":57,"code":55375,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55377,55378,55410,55425,55429,55439],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,55379,55380,55382,55384,55386,55388,55390,55392,55394,55396,55398,55400,55402,55404,55406,55408],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,55381,35869],{"class":70},[64,55383,75],{"class":74},[64,55385,79],{"class":78},[64,55387,2686],{"class":320},[64,55389,576],{"class":329},[64,55391,2686],{"class":320},[64,55393,86],{"class":78},[64,55395,3184],{"class":320},[64,55397,585],{"class":329},[64,55399,2686],{"class":320},[64,55401,86],{"class":78},[64,55403,3184],{"class":320},[64,55405,32847],{"class":329},[64,55407,2686],{"class":320},[64,55409,97],{"class":78},[64,55411,55412,55415,55417,55419,55421,55423],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,55413,55414],{"class":70},"copied_fruits ",[64,55416,75],{"class":74},[64,55418,52490],{"class":70},[64,55420,148],{"class":78},[64,55422,12525],{"class":115},[64,55424,8247],{"class":78},[64,55426,55427],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,55428,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,55430,55431,55433,55435,55437],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,55432,125],{"class":108},[64,55434,112],{"class":78},[64,55436,35921],{"class":115},[64,55438,119],{"class":78},[64,55440,55441,55443,55445,55448],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,55442,125],{"class":108},[64,55444,112],{"class":78},[64,55446,55447],{"class":115},"copied_fruits",[64,55449,119],{"class":78},[20,55451,384],{},[55,55453,55455],{"className":57,"code":55454,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55456,55457,55485],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,55458,55459,55461,55463,55465,55467,55469,55471,55473,55475,55477,55479,55481,55483],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,55460,394],{"class":78},[64,55462,333],{"class":320},[64,55464,576],{"class":329},[64,55466,333],{"class":320},[64,55468,86],{"class":78},[64,55470,326],{"class":320},[64,55472,585],{"class":329},[64,55474,333],{"class":320},[64,55476,86],{"class":78},[64,55478,326],{"class":320},[64,55480,32847],{"class":329},[64,55482,333],{"class":320},[64,55484,97],{"class":78},[64,55486,55487,55489,55491,55493,55495,55497,55499,55501,55503,55505,55507,55509,55511],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,55488,394],{"class":78},[64,55490,333],{"class":320},[64,55492,576],{"class":329},[64,55494,333],{"class":320},[64,55496,86],{"class":78},[64,55498,326],{"class":320},[64,55500,585],{"class":329},[64,55502,333],{"class":320},[64,55504,86],{"class":78},[64,55506,326],{"class":320},[64,55508,32847],{"class":329},[64,55510,333],{"class":320},[64,55512,97],{"class":78},[20,55514,55515],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[50,55517,1988],{"id":1987},[20,55519,1991],{},[55,55521,55523],{"className":57,"code":55522,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55524,55525],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,55526,55527,55530,55532,55535,55537,55539],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,55528,55529],{"class":70},"new_list ",[64,55531,75],{"class":74},[64,55533,55534],{"class":70}," old_list",[64,55536,148],{"class":78},[64,55538,12525],{"class":115},[64,55540,8247],{"class":78},[20,55542,55543],{},"How it works:",[30,55545,55546,55552,55555],{},[33,55547,55548,55549,55551],{},"Call ",[15,55550,12390],{}," on an existing list",[33,55553,55554],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[33,55556,55557],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55559,55560],{},"Example with an empty list:",[55,55562,55564],{"className":57,"code":55563,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55565,55566,55575,55591,55595],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,55567,55568,55571,55573],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,55569,55570],{"class":70},"empty_list ",[64,55572,75],{"class":74},[64,55574,7439],{"class":78},[64,55576,55577,55580,55582,55585,55587,55589],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,55578,55579],{"class":70},"new_empty_list ",[64,55581,75],{"class":74},[64,55583,55584],{"class":70}," empty_list",[64,55586,148],{"class":78},[64,55588,12525],{"class":115},[64,55590,8247],{"class":78},[64,55592,55593],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,55594,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,55596,55597,55599,55601,55604],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,55598,125],{"class":108},[64,55600,112],{"class":78},[64,55602,55603],{"class":115},"new_empty_list",[64,55605,119],{"class":78},[20,55607,384],{},[55,55609,55610],{"className":57,"code":37929,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,55611,55612],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,55613,55614],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,55615,37929],{"class":78},[20,55617,55618],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[50,55620,55622,55623],{"id":55621},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55624,75],{},[20,55626,8020,55627,13669,55629,52306],{},[15,55628,75],{},[221,55630,1138],{},[20,55632,55633],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[55,55635,55637],{"className":57,"code":55636,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55638,55639,55659,55668,55672,55687,55691,55701],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,55640,55641,55643,55645,55647,55649,55651,55653,55655,55657],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,55642,71],{"class":70},[64,55644,75],{"class":74},[64,55646,79],{"class":78},[64,55648,83],{"class":82},[64,55650,86],{"class":78},[64,55652,89],{"class":82},[64,55654,86],{"class":78},[64,55656,94],{"class":82},[64,55658,97],{"class":78},[64,55660,55661,55664,55666],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,55662,55663],{"class":70},"same_list ",[64,55665,75],{"class":74},[64,55667,43617],{"class":70},[64,55669,55670],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,55671,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,55673,55674,55677,55679,55681,55683,55685],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,55675,55676],{"class":70},"same_list",[64,55678,148],{"class":78},[64,55680,13168],{"class":115},[64,55682,112],{"class":78},[64,55684,2334],{"class":82},[64,55686,119],{"class":78},[64,55688,55689],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,55690,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,55692,55693,55695,55697,55699],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,55694,125],{"class":108},[64,55696,112],{"class":78},[64,55698,116],{"class":115},[64,55700,119],{"class":78},[64,55702,55703,55705,55707,55709],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,55704,125],{"class":108},[64,55706,112],{"class":78},[64,55708,55676],{"class":115},[64,55710,119],{"class":78},[20,55712,384],{},[55,55714,55716],{"className":57,"code":55715,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55717,55718,55738],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,55719,55720,55722,55724,55726,55728,55730,55732,55734,55736],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,55721,394],{"class":78},[64,55723,83],{"class":82},[64,55725,86],{"class":78},[64,55727,89],{"class":82},[64,55729,86],{"class":78},[64,55731,94],{"class":82},[64,55733,86],{"class":78},[64,55735,2286],{"class":82},[64,55737,97],{"class":78},[64,55739,55740,55742,55744,55746,55748,55750,55752,55754,55756],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,55741,394],{"class":78},[64,55743,83],{"class":82},[64,55745,86],{"class":78},[64,55747,89],{"class":82},[64,55749,86],{"class":78},[64,55751,94],{"class":82},[64,55753,86],{"class":78},[64,55755,2286],{"class":82},[64,55757,97],{"class":78},[20,55759,55760],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,55762,55763,55764,160],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,55765,12390],{},[55,55767,55769],{"className":57,"code":55768,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,55770,55771,55791,55806,55810,55825,55829,55839],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,55772,55773,55775,55777,55779,55781,55783,55785,55787,55789],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,55774,71],{"class":70},[64,55776,75],{"class":74},[64,55778,79],{"class":78},[64,55780,83],{"class":82},[64,55782,86],{"class":78},[64,55784,89],{"class":82},[64,55786,86],{"class":78},[64,55788,94],{"class":82},[64,55790,97],{"class":78},[64,55792,55793,55796,55798,55800,55802,55804],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,55794,55795],{"class":70},"copied_numbers ",[64,55797,75],{"class":74},[64,55799,762],{"class":70},[64,55801,148],{"class":78},[64,55803,12525],{"class":115},[64,55805,8247],{"class":78},[64,55807,55808],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,55809,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,55811,55812,55815,55817,55819,55821,55823],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,55813,55814],{"class":70},"copied_numbers",[64,55816,148],{"class":78},[64,55818,13168],{"class":115},[64,55820,112],{"class":78},[64,55822,2334],{"class":82},[64,55824,119],{"class":78},[64,55826,55827],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,55828,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,55830,55831,55833,55835,55837],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,55832,125],{"class":108},[64,55834,112],{"class":78},[64,55836,116],{"class":115},[64,55838,119],{"class":78},[64,55840,55841,55843,55845,55847],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,55842,125],{"class":108},[64,55844,112],{"class":78},[64,55846,55814],{"class":115},[64,55848,119],{"class":78},[20,55850,384],{},[55,55852,55854],{"className":57,"code":55853,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55855,55856,55872],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,55857,55858,55860,55862,55864,55866,55868,55870],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,55859,394],{"class":78},[64,55861,83],{"class":82},[64,55863,86],{"class":78},[64,55865,89],{"class":82},[64,55867,86],{"class":78},[64,55869,94],{"class":82},[64,55871,97],{"class":78},[64,55873,55874,55876,55878,55880,55882,55884,55886,55888,55890],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,55875,394],{"class":78},[64,55877,83],{"class":82},[64,55879,86],{"class":78},[64,55881,89],{"class":82},[64,55883,86],{"class":78},[64,55885,94],{"class":82},[64,55887,86],{"class":78},[64,55889,2286],{"class":82},[64,55891,97],{"class":78},[20,55893,55894,55895,148],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[285,55896,52410],{"href":50617},[50,55898,55900],{"id":55899},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,55902,55903,12461,55905,148],{},[15,55904,55240],{},[221,55906,12464],{},[20,55908,1938],{},[30,55910,55911,55914],{},[33,55912,55913],{},"The outer list is new",[33,55915,55916],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,55918,55919],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[55,55921,55923],{"className":57,"code":55922,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,55924,55925,55952,55966,55970,55989,55993,56003],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,55926,55927,55929,55931,55934,55936,55938,55940,55942,55944,55946,55948,55950],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,55928,11698],{"class":70},[64,55930,75],{"class":74},[64,55932,55933],{"class":78}," [[",[64,55935,83],{"class":82},[64,55937,86],{"class":78},[64,55939,89],{"class":82},[64,55941,17681],{"class":78},[64,55943,79],{"class":78},[64,55945,1892],{"class":82},[64,55947,86],{"class":78},[64,55949,2286],{"class":82},[64,55951,52881],{"class":78},[64,55953,55954,55956,55958,55960,55962,55964],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,55955,13927],{"class":70},[64,55957,75],{"class":74},[64,55959,11773],{"class":70},[64,55961,148],{"class":78},[64,55963,12525],{"class":115},[64,55965,8247],{"class":78},[64,55967,55968],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,55969,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,55971,55972,55974,55976,55978,55980,55982,55984,55987],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,55973,13946],{"class":70},[64,55975,394],{"class":78},[64,55977,243],{"class":82},[64,55979,13165],{"class":78},[64,55981,13168],{"class":115},[64,55983,112],{"class":78},[64,55985,55986],{"class":82},"99",[64,55988,119],{"class":78},[64,55990,55991],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,55992,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,55994,55995,55997,55999,56001],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,55996,125],{"class":108},[64,55998,112],{"class":78},[64,56000,11745],{"class":115},[64,56002,119],{"class":78},[64,56004,56005,56007,56009,56011],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,56006,125],{"class":108},[64,56008,112],{"class":78},[64,56010,13946],{"class":115},[64,56012,119],{"class":78},[20,56014,384],{},[55,56016,56018],{"className":57,"code":56017,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56019,56020,56047],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,56021,56022,56025,56027,56029,56031,56033,56035,56037,56039,56041,56043,56045],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,56023,56024],{"class":78},"[[",[64,56026,83],{"class":82},[64,56028,86],{"class":78},[64,56030,89],{"class":82},[64,56032,86],{"class":78},[64,56034,9804],{"class":82},[64,56036,17681],{"class":78},[64,56038,79],{"class":78},[64,56040,1892],{"class":82},[64,56042,86],{"class":78},[64,56044,2286],{"class":82},[64,56046,52881],{"class":78},[64,56048,56049,56051,56053,56055,56057,56059,56061,56063,56065,56067,56069,56071],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,56050,56024],{"class":78},[64,56052,83],{"class":82},[64,56054,86],{"class":78},[64,56056,89],{"class":82},[64,56058,86],{"class":78},[64,56060,9804],{"class":82},[64,56062,17681],{"class":78},[64,56064,79],{"class":78},[64,56066,1892],{"class":82},[64,56068,86],{"class":78},[64,56070,2286],{"class":82},[64,56072,52881],{"class":78},[20,56074,56075],{},"Why did both change?",[30,56077,56078,56085],{},[33,56079,56080,896,56082,56084],{},[15,56081,11745],{},[15,56083,13946],{}," are different outer lists",[33,56086,56087,56088,56091],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56089,56090],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56093,53292,56094,56096],{},[15,56095,12390],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[30,56098,56099,56102,56105],{},[33,56100,56101],{},"Numbers",[33,56103,56104],{},"Strings",[33,56106,40228],{},[20,56108,56109,56110,148],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[285,56111,13406],{"href":13405},[50,56113,17037],{"id":17036},[20,56115,56116,56118],{},[15,56117,55240],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56120,40539,56121,56123],{},[221,56122,1138],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56125,56126],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56128,16273],{},[55,56130,56132],{"className":57,"code":56131,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56133,56134,56158,56172,56176],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,56135,56136,56138,56140,56142,56144,56146,56148,56150,56152,56154,56156],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,56137,12690],{"class":70},[64,56139,75],{"class":74},[64,56141,79],{"class":78},[64,56143,2686],{"class":320},[64,56145,12707],{"class":329},[64,56147,2686],{"class":320},[64,56149,86],{"class":78},[64,56151,3184],{"class":320},[64,56153,12724],{"class":329},[64,56155,2686],{"class":320},[64,56157,97],{"class":78},[64,56159,56160,56162,56164,56166,56168,56170],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,56161,12733],{"class":70},[64,56163,75],{"class":74},[64,56165,12738],{"class":70},[64,56167,148],{"class":78},[64,56169,12525],{"class":115},[64,56171,8247],{"class":78},[64,56173,56174],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,56175,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,56177,56178,56180,56182,56184],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,56179,125],{"class":108},[64,56181,112],{"class":78},[64,56183,12757],{"class":115},[64,56185,119],{"class":78},[20,56187,56188],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[55,56190,56192],{"className":57,"code":56191,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56193,56194,56218,56228,56232],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,56195,56196,56198,56200,56202,56204,56206,56208,56210,56212,56214,56216],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,56197,12690],{"class":70},[64,56199,75],{"class":74},[64,56201,79],{"class":78},[64,56203,2686],{"class":320},[64,56205,12707],{"class":329},[64,56207,2686],{"class":320},[64,56209,86],{"class":78},[64,56211,3184],{"class":320},[64,56213,12724],{"class":329},[64,56215,2686],{"class":320},[64,56217,97],{"class":78},[64,56219,56220,56222,56224,56226],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,56221,17121],{"class":70},[64,56223,148],{"class":78},[64,56225,12525],{"class":115},[64,56227,8247],{"class":78},[64,56229,56230],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,56231,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,56233,56234,56236,56238,56240],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,56235,125],{"class":108},[64,56237,112],{"class":78},[64,56239,17121],{"class":115},[64,56241,119],{"class":78},[20,56243,56244,56245,56247],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56246,12390],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[50,56249,1471,56251],{"id":56250},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56252,55240],{},[20,56254,1923,56255,10209],{},[15,56256,55240],{},[30,56258,56259,56262,56265,56268],{},[33,56260,56261],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[33,56263,56264],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[33,56266,56267],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[33,56269,56270,56271],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56272,56273],{},"[:]",[20,56275,916],{},[55,56277,56279],{"className":57,"code":56278,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56280,56281,56301,56316,56320,56335,56339,56349],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,56282,56283,56285,56287,56289,56291,56293,56295,56297,56299],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,56284,1574],{"class":70},[64,56286,75],{"class":74},[64,56288,79],{"class":78},[64,56290,2160],{"class":82},[64,56292,86],{"class":78},[64,56294,7390],{"class":82},[64,56296,86],{"class":78},[64,56298,7395],{"class":82},[64,56300,97],{"class":78},[64,56302,56303,56306,56308,56310,56312,56314],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,56304,56305],{"class":70},"backup_scores ",[64,56307,75],{"class":74},[64,56309,1621],{"class":70},[64,56311,148],{"class":78},[64,56313,12525],{"class":115},[64,56315,8247],{"class":78},[64,56317,56318],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,56319,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,56321,56322,56324,56326,56328,56330,56333],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,56323,16006],{"class":70},[64,56325,148],{"class":78},[64,56327,13168],{"class":115},[64,56329,112],{"class":78},[64,56331,56332],{"class":82},"40",[64,56334,119],{"class":78},[64,56336,56337],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,56338,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,56340,56341,56343,56345,56347],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,56342,125],{"class":108},[64,56344,112],{"class":78},[64,56346,16006],{"class":115},[64,56348,119],{"class":78},[64,56350,56351,56353,56355,56358],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,56352,125],{"class":108},[64,56354,112],{"class":78},[64,56356,56357],{"class":115},"backup_scores",[64,56359,119],{"class":78},[20,56361,384],{},[55,56363,56365],{"className":57,"code":56364,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56366,56367,56387],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,56368,56369,56371,56373,56375,56377,56379,56381,56383,56385],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,56370,394],{"class":78},[64,56372,2160],{"class":82},[64,56374,86],{"class":78},[64,56376,7390],{"class":82},[64,56378,86],{"class":78},[64,56380,7395],{"class":82},[64,56382,86],{"class":78},[64,56384,50481],{"class":82},[64,56386,97],{"class":78},[64,56388,56389,56391,56393,56395,56397,56399,56401],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,56390,394],{"class":78},[64,56392,2160],{"class":82},[64,56394,86],{"class":78},[64,56396,7390],{"class":82},[64,56398,86],{"class":78},[64,56400,7395],{"class":82},[64,56402,97],{"class":78},[20,56404,56405,56406,148],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[285,56407,55159,56409,10349],{"href":56408},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56410,52291],{},[50,56412,1023],{"id":1022},[20,56414,56415,56416,148],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56417,55240],{},[428,56419,8020,56421,56423],{"id":56420},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56422,75],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56425,38831],{},[55,56427,56429],{"className":57,"code":56428,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56430,56431,56451,56459,56473,56477],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,56432,56433,56435,56437,56439,56441,56443,56445,56447,56449],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,56434,2384],{"class":70},[64,56436,75],{"class":74},[64,56438,79],{"class":78},[64,56440,83],{"class":82},[64,56442,86],{"class":78},[64,56444,89],{"class":82},[64,56446,86],{"class":78},[64,56448,94],{"class":82},[64,56450,97],{"class":78},[64,56452,56453,56455,56457],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,56454,2412],{"class":70},[64,56456,75],{"class":74},[64,56458,35805],{"class":70},[64,56460,56461,56463,56465,56467,56469,56471],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,56462,1269],{"class":70},[64,56464,148],{"class":78},[64,56466,13168],{"class":115},[64,56468,112],{"class":78},[64,56470,2334],{"class":82},[64,56472,119],{"class":78},[64,56474,56475],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,56476,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,56478,56479,56481,56483,56485,56487],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,56480,125],{"class":108},[64,56482,112],{"class":78},[64,56484,285],{"class":115},[64,56486,133],{"class":78},[64,56488,55340],{"class":136},[20,56490,56491,56492,6228],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56493,12390],{},[55,56495,56497],{"className":57,"code":56496,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56498,56499,56519,56534,56548,56552],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,56500,56501,56503,56505,56507,56509,56511,56513,56515,56517],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,56502,2384],{"class":70},[64,56504,75],{"class":74},[64,56506,79],{"class":78},[64,56508,83],{"class":82},[64,56510,86],{"class":78},[64,56512,89],{"class":82},[64,56514,86],{"class":78},[64,56516,94],{"class":82},[64,56518,97],{"class":78},[64,56520,56521,56523,56525,56528,56530,56532],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,56522,2412],{"class":70},[64,56524,75],{"class":74},[64,56526,56527],{"class":70}," a",[64,56529,148],{"class":78},[64,56531,12525],{"class":115},[64,56533,8247],{"class":78},[64,56535,56536,56538,56540,56542,56544,56546],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,56537,1269],{"class":70},[64,56539,148],{"class":78},[64,56541,13168],{"class":115},[64,56543,112],{"class":78},[64,56545,2334],{"class":82},[64,56547,119],{"class":78},[64,56549,56550],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,56551,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,56553,56554,56556,56558,56560,56562],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,56555,125],{"class":108},[64,56557,112],{"class":78},[64,56559,285],{"class":115},[64,56561,133],{"class":78},[64,56563,54571],{"class":136},[428,56565,56567],{"id":56566},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[55,56569,56571],{"className":57,"code":56570,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56572,56573,56593],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,56574,56575,56577,56579,56581,56583,56585,56587,56589,56591],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,56576,71],{"class":70},[64,56578,75],{"class":74},[64,56580,79],{"class":78},[64,56582,83],{"class":82},[64,56584,86],{"class":78},[64,56586,89],{"class":82},[64,56588,86],{"class":78},[64,56590,94],{"class":82},[64,56592,97],{"class":78},[64,56594,56595,56597,56599,56601],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,56596,116],{"class":70},[64,56598,148],{"class":78},[64,56600,12525],{"class":115},[64,56602,8247],{"class":78},[20,56604,56605],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56607,38894],{},[55,56609,56611],{"className":57,"code":56610,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56612,56613,56633],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,56614,56615,56617,56619,56621,56623,56625,56627,56629,56631],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,56616,71],{"class":70},[64,56618,75],{"class":74},[64,56620,79],{"class":78},[64,56622,83],{"class":82},[64,56624,86],{"class":78},[64,56626,89],{"class":82},[64,56628,86],{"class":78},[64,56630,94],{"class":82},[64,56632,97],{"class":78},[64,56634,56635,56637,56639,56641,56643,56645],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,56636,55795],{"class":70},[64,56638,75],{"class":74},[64,56640,762],{"class":70},[64,56642,148],{"class":78},[64,56644,12525],{"class":115},[64,56646,8247],{"class":78},[428,56648,56650],{"id":56649},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[55,56652,56654],{"className":57,"code":56653,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56655,56656,56674,56688,56692,56710,56714],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,56657,56658,56660,56662,56664,56666,56668,56670,56672],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,56659,2384],{"class":70},[64,56661,75],{"class":74},[64,56663,55933],{"class":78},[64,56665,83],{"class":82},[64,56667,17681],{"class":78},[64,56669,79],{"class":78},[64,56671,815],{"class":82},[64,56673,52881],{"class":78},[64,56675,56676,56678,56680,56682,56684,56686],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,56677,2412],{"class":70},[64,56679,75],{"class":74},[64,56681,56527],{"class":70},[64,56683,148],{"class":78},[64,56685,12525],{"class":115},[64,56687,8247],{"class":78},[64,56689,56690],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,56691,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,56693,56694,56696,56698,56700,56702,56704,56706,56708],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,56695,1269],{"class":70},[64,56697,394],{"class":78},[64,56699,243],{"class":82},[64,56701,13165],{"class":78},[64,56703,13168],{"class":115},[64,56705,112],{"class":78},[64,56707,55986],{"class":82},[64,56709,119],{"class":78},[64,56711,56712],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,56713,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,56715,56716,56718,56720,56722,56724],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,56717,125],{"class":108},[64,56719,112],{"class":78},[64,56721,285],{"class":115},[64,56723,133],{"class":78},[64,56725,56726],{"class":136},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,56728,56729,56730,56732],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,56731,55240],{}," is shallow.",[428,56734,25239,56736,56738],{"id":56735},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,56737,12390],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,56740,56741,56743],{},[15,56742,12390],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[55,56745,56747],{"className":57,"code":56746,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,56748,56749,56761],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,56750,56751,56753,56755,56757,56759],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,56752,7477],{"class":70},[64,56754,75],{"class":74},[64,56756,3184],{"class":320},[64,56758,1514],{"class":329},[64,56760,3190],{"class":320},[64,56762,56763],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,56764,56765],{"class":136},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,56767,56768],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[55,56770,56772],{"className":57,"code":56771,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(type(name))\n",[15,56773,56774],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,56775,56776,56778,56780,56782,56784,56786],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,56777,125],{"class":108},[64,56779,112],{"class":78},[64,56781,3052],{"class":357},[64,56783,112],{"class":78},[64,56785,7267],{"class":115},[64,56787,471],{"class":78},[20,56789,56790,56791,56795],{},"You can also review ",[285,56792,56794],{"href":56793},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[50,56797,1651],{"id":1650},[428,56799,12317,56801,56803],{"id":56800},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,56802,55240],{}," change the original list?",[20,56805,56806],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[428,56808,1694,56810,896,56812,1677],{"id":56809},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,56811,55240],{},[15,56813,75],{},[20,56815,56816,56818,56819,56821],{},[15,56817,12390],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,56820,75],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[428,56823,14519,56825,14522],{"id":56824},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,56826,55240],{},[20,56828,56829],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[428,56831,56833],{"id":56832},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,56835,41786,56836,56839],{},[15,56837,56838],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[428,56841,14519,56843,56845,56846,1677],{"id":56842},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,56844,55240],{}," the same as ",[15,56847,56273],{},[20,56849,56850],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[50,56852,1717],{"id":1716},[30,56854,56855,56860,56864,56869,56875],{},[33,56856,56857],{},[285,56858,14581],{"href":56859},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[33,56861,56862],{},[285,56863,52410],{"href":50617},[33,56865,56866],{},[285,56867,56868],{"href":56793},"Creating a list in Python",[33,56870,56871],{},[285,56872,55159,56873,10349],{"href":56408},[15,56874,52291],{},[33,56876,56877],{},[285,56878,13406],{"href":13405},[1751,56880,56881],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":56883},[56884,56885,56887,56888,56890,56891,56892,56894,56902,56913],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":55350,"depth":100,"text":56886},"What list.copy() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":55621,"depth":100,"text":56889},"Why not use =",{"id":55899,"depth":100,"text":55900},{"id":17036,"depth":100,"text":17037},{"id":56250,"depth":100,"text":56893},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":1022,"depth":100,"text":1023,"children":56895},[56896,56898,56899,56900],{"id":56420,"depth":122,"text":56897},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56566,"depth":122,"text":56567},{"id":56649,"depth":122,"text":56650},{"id":56735,"depth":122,"text":56901},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":56903},[56904,56906,56908,56910,56911],{"id":56800,"depth":122,"text":56905},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56809,"depth":122,"text":56907},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56824,"depth":122,"text":56909},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56832,"depth":122,"text":56833},{"id":56842,"depth":122,"text":56912},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55228,"description":56914},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":56921,"title":56922,"body":56923,"description":58665,"extension":1791,"meta":58666,"navigation":346,"path":58667,"seo":58668,"stem":58669,"__hash__":58670},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":56924,"toc":58624},[56925,56931,56937,56940,56951,56954,56956,57019,57025,57030,57034,57048,57051,57056,57061,57063,57065,57084,57096,57098,57165,57167,57175,57180,57182,57190,57193,57210,57212,57336,57347,57351,57356,57359,57361,57379,57383,57469,57478,57486,57555,57557,57560,57572,57577,57581,57652,57655,57659,57663,57728,57730,57738,57742,57825,57827,57835,57839,57900,57902,57910,57914,58001,58003,58011,58016,58021,58024,58035,58037,58122,58127,58136,58138,58142,58146,58151,58213,58217,58225,58231,58240,58245,58294,58297,58318,58322,58384,58391,58396,58399,58486,58489,58500,58503,58523,58525,58531,58534,58538,58542,58548,58551,58557,58564,58572,58583,58585,58621],[10,56926,53981,56928,10932],{"id":56927},"python-list-count-method",[15,56929,56930],{},"count()",[20,56932,56933,56936],{},[15,56934,56935],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,56938,56939],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[30,56941,56942,56945,56948],{},[33,56943,56944],{},"count one specific item",[33,56946,56947],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[33,56949,56950],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,56952,56953],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[50,56955,53],{"id":52},[55,56957,56959],{"className":57,"code":56958,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,56960,56961,56989,57007],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,56962,56963,56965,56967,56969,56971,56973,56975,56977,56979,56981,56983,56985,56987],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,56964,71],{"class":70},[64,56966,75],{"class":74},[64,56968,79],{"class":78},[64,56970,83],{"class":82},[64,56972,86],{"class":78},[64,56974,89],{"class":82},[64,56976,86],{"class":78},[64,56978,89],{"class":82},[64,56980,86],{"class":78},[64,56982,94],{"class":82},[64,56984,86],{"class":78},[64,56986,89],{"class":82},[64,56988,97],{"class":78},[64,56990,56991,56993,56995,56997,56999,57001,57003,57005],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,56992,103],{"class":70},[64,56994,75],{"class":74},[64,56996,762],{"class":70},[64,56998,148],{"class":78},[64,57000,40893],{"class":115},[64,57002,112],{"class":78},[64,57004,815],{"class":82},[64,57006,119],{"class":78},[64,57008,57009,57011,57013,57015,57017],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,57010,125],{"class":108},[64,57012,112],{"class":78},[64,57014,130],{"class":115},[64,57016,133],{"class":78},[64,57018,50408],{"class":136},[20,57020,1923,57021,57024],{},[15,57022,57023],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[50,57026,152,57028,155],{"id":57027},"what-listcount-does",[15,57029,56935],{},[20,57031,57032,160],{},[15,57033,56935],{},[30,57035,57036,57039,57042,57045],{},[33,57037,57038],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[33,57040,57041],{},"returns an integer",[33,57043,57044],{},"does not change the original list",[33,57046,57047],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57049,57050],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57052,57053,57054,148],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57055,1892],{},[20,57057,57058,57059,148],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57060,243],{},[50,57062,1988],{"id":1987},[20,57064,1991],{},[55,57066,57068],{"className":57,"code":57067,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57069,57070],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,57071,57072,57074,57076,57078,57080,57082],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,57073,7941],{"class":70},[64,57075,148],{"class":78},[64,57077,40893],{"class":115},[64,57079,112],{"class":78},[64,57081,2302],{"class":115},[64,57083,119],{"class":78},[30,57085,57086,57091],{},[33,57087,57088,57090],{},[15,57089,7941],{}," is the list you want to search",[33,57092,57093,57095],{},[15,57094,2302],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57097,916],{},[55,57099,57101],{"className":57,"code":57100,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57102,57103,57143],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,57104,57105,57107,57109,57111,57113,57115,57117,57119,57121,57123,57125,57127,57129,57131,57133,57135,57137,57139,57141],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,57106,35720],{"class":70},[64,57108,75],{"class":74},[64,57110,79],{"class":78},[64,57112,2686],{"class":320},[64,57114,285],{"class":329},[64,57116,2686],{"class":320},[64,57118,86],{"class":78},[64,57120,3184],{"class":320},[64,57122,1269],{"class":329},[64,57124,2686],{"class":320},[64,57126,86],{"class":78},[64,57128,3184],{"class":320},[64,57130,285],{"class":329},[64,57132,2686],{"class":320},[64,57134,86],{"class":78},[64,57136,3184],{"class":320},[64,57138,9346],{"class":329},[64,57140,2686],{"class":320},[64,57142,97],{"class":78},[64,57144,57145,57147,57149,57151,57153,57155,57157,57159,57161,57163],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,57146,125],{"class":108},[64,57148,112],{"class":78},[64,57150,35773],{"class":115},[64,57152,148],{"class":78},[64,57154,40893],{"class":115},[64,57156,112],{"class":78},[64,57158,2686],{"class":320},[64,57160,285],{"class":329},[64,57162,2686],{"class":320},[64,57164,471],{"class":78},[20,57166,384],{},[55,57168,57169],{"className":57,"code":16674,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,57170,57171],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,57172,57173],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,57174,16674],{"class":82},[20,57176,57177,57178,148],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57179,243],{},[50,57181,37652],{"id":37651},[20,57183,57184,57185,57187,57188,148],{},"The return value from ",[15,57186,56930],{}," is always an ",[15,57189,2019],{},[20,57191,57192],{},"Possible results:",[30,57194,57195,57200,57205],{},[33,57196,57197,57199],{},[15,57198,243],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[33,57201,57202,57204],{},[15,57203,83],{}," if it appears once",[33,57206,57207,57209],{},[15,57208,815],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57211,916],{},[55,57213,57215],{"className":57,"code":57214,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57216,57217,57257,57261,57286,57311],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,57218,57219,57221,57223,57225,57227,57229,57231,57233,57235,57237,57239,57241,57243,57245,57247,57249,57251,57253,57255],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,57220,12690],{"class":70},[64,57222,75],{"class":74},[64,57224,79],{"class":78},[64,57226,2686],{"class":320},[64,57228,12707],{"class":329},[64,57230,2686],{"class":320},[64,57232,86],{"class":78},[64,57234,3184],{"class":320},[64,57236,12724],{"class":329},[64,57238,2686],{"class":320},[64,57240,86],{"class":78},[64,57242,3184],{"class":320},[64,57244,17074],{"class":329},[64,57246,2686],{"class":320},[64,57248,86],{"class":78},[64,57250,3184],{"class":320},[64,57252,12724],{"class":329},[64,57254,2686],{"class":320},[64,57256,97],{"class":78},[64,57258,57259],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,57260,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,57262,57263,57265,57267,57269,57271,57273,57275,57277,57279,57281,57283],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,57264,125],{"class":108},[64,57266,112],{"class":78},[64,57268,17121],{"class":115},[64,57270,148],{"class":78},[64,57272,40893],{"class":115},[64,57274,112],{"class":78},[64,57276,2686],{"class":320},[64,57278,12724],{"class":329},[64,57280,2686],{"class":320},[64,57282,4954],{"class":78},[64,57284,57285],{"class":136},"   # 2\n",[64,57287,57288,57290,57292,57294,57296,57298,57300,57302,57304,57306,57308],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,57289,125],{"class":108},[64,57291,112],{"class":78},[64,57293,17121],{"class":115},[64,57295,148],{"class":78},[64,57297,40893],{"class":115},[64,57299,112],{"class":78},[64,57301,2686],{"class":320},[64,57303,12707],{"class":329},[64,57305,2686],{"class":320},[64,57307,4954],{"class":78},[64,57309,57310],{"class":136},"    # 1\n",[64,57312,57313,57315,57317,57319,57321,57323,57325,57327,57329,57331,57333],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,57314,125],{"class":108},[64,57316,112],{"class":78},[64,57318,17121],{"class":115},[64,57320,148],{"class":78},[64,57322,40893],{"class":115},[64,57324,112],{"class":78},[64,57326,2686],{"class":320},[64,57328,22145],{"class":329},[64,57330,2686],{"class":320},[64,57332,4954],{"class":78},[64,57334,57335],{"class":136}," # 0\n",[20,57337,57338,57339,57341,57342,57344,57345,148],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57340,56930],{}," works, but using ",[15,57343,375],{}," is often simpler. See ",[285,57346,5793],{"href":5792},[50,57348,57350],{"id":57349},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57352,57353,57355],{},[15,57354,56935],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57357,57358],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57360,43285],{},[30,57362,57363,57366,57369,57376],{},[33,57364,57365],{},"matches are based on equality",[33,57367,57368],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[33,57370,57371,896,57373,57375],{},[15,57372,83],{},[15,57374,47],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[33,57377,57378],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[428,57380,57382],{"id":57381},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[55,57384,57386],{"className":57,"code":57385,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57387,57388,57421,57445],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,57389,57390,57392,57394,57396,57398,57400,57402,57404,57406,57409,57411,57413,57415,57417,57419],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,57391,567],{"class":70},[64,57393,75],{"class":74},[64,57395,79],{"class":78},[64,57397,2686],{"class":320},[64,57399,576],{"class":329},[64,57401,2686],{"class":320},[64,57403,86],{"class":78},[64,57405,3184],{"class":320},[64,57407,57408],{"class":329},"Apple",[64,57410,2686],{"class":320},[64,57412,86],{"class":78},[64,57414,3184],{"class":320},[64,57416,576],{"class":329},[64,57418,2686],{"class":320},[64,57420,97],{"class":78},[64,57422,57423,57425,57427,57429,57431,57433,57435,57437,57439,57441,57443],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,57424,125],{"class":108},[64,57426,112],{"class":78},[64,57428,611],{"class":115},[64,57430,148],{"class":78},[64,57432,40893],{"class":115},[64,57434,112],{"class":78},[64,57436,2686],{"class":320},[64,57438,576],{"class":329},[64,57440,2686],{"class":320},[64,57442,4954],{"class":78},[64,57444,51053],{"class":136},[64,57446,57447,57449,57451,57453,57455,57457,57459,57461,57463,57465,57467],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,57448,125],{"class":108},[64,57450,112],{"class":78},[64,57452,611],{"class":115},[64,57454,148],{"class":78},[64,57456,40893],{"class":115},[64,57458,112],{"class":78},[64,57460,2686],{"class":320},[64,57462,57408],{"class":329},[64,57464,2686],{"class":320},[64,57466,4954],{"class":78},[64,57468,27403],{"class":136},[20,57470,57471,896,57474,57477],{},[15,57472,57473],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57475,57476],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[428,57479,57481,896,57483,57485],{"id":57480},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57482,83],{},[15,57484,47],{}," can match",[55,57487,57489],{"className":57,"code":57488,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57490,57491,57515,57535],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,57492,57493,57495,57497,57499,57501,57503,57505,57507,57509,57511,57513],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,57494,304],{"class":70},[64,57496,75],{"class":74},[64,57498,79],{"class":78},[64,57500,83],{"class":82},[64,57502,86],{"class":78},[64,57504,410],{"class":338},[64,57506,86],{"class":78},[64,57508,89],{"class":82},[64,57510,86],{"class":78},[64,57512,5091],{"class":82},[64,57514,97],{"class":78},[64,57516,57517,57519,57521,57523,57525,57527,57529,57531,57533],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,57518,125],{"class":108},[64,57520,112],{"class":78},[64,57522,4951],{"class":115},[64,57524,148],{"class":78},[64,57526,40893],{"class":115},[64,57528,112],{"class":78},[64,57530,83],{"class":82},[64,57532,4954],{"class":78},[64,57534,50556],{"class":136},[64,57536,57537,57539,57541,57543,57545,57547,57549,57551,57553],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,57538,125],{"class":108},[64,57540,112],{"class":78},[64,57542,4951],{"class":115},[64,57544,148],{"class":78},[64,57546,40893],{"class":115},[64,57548,112],{"class":78},[64,57550,47],{"class":338},[64,57552,4954],{"class":78},[64,57554,50408],{"class":136},[20,57556,913],{},[20,57558,57559],{},"In Python:",[30,57561,57562,57567],{},[33,57563,57564],{},[15,57565,57566],{},"True == 1",[33,57568,57569],{},[15,57570,57571],{},"False == 0",[20,57573,53292,57574,57576],{},[15,57575,56930],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[428,57578,57580],{"id":57579},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[55,57582,57584],{"className":57,"code":57583,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57585,57586,57628],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,57587,57588,57590,57592,57594,57596,57598,57600,57602,57604,57606,57608,57610,57612,57614,57616,57618,57620,57622,57624,57626],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,57589,7379],{"class":70},[64,57591,75],{"class":74},[64,57593,55933],{"class":78},[64,57595,83],{"class":82},[64,57597,86],{"class":78},[64,57599,89],{"class":82},[64,57601,17681],{"class":78},[64,57603,79],{"class":78},[64,57605,1892],{"class":82},[64,57607,86],{"class":78},[64,57609,2286],{"class":82},[64,57611,17681],{"class":78},[64,57613,79],{"class":78},[64,57615,83],{"class":82},[64,57617,86],{"class":78},[64,57619,89],{"class":82},[64,57621,17681],{"class":78},[64,57623,79],{"class":78},[64,57625,83],{"class":82},[64,57627,52881],{"class":78},[64,57629,57630,57632,57634,57636,57638,57640,57642,57644,57646,57648,57650],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,57631,125],{"class":108},[64,57633,112],{"class":78},[64,57635,7410],{"class":115},[64,57637,148],{"class":78},[64,57639,40893],{"class":115},[64,57641,354],{"class":78},[64,57643,83],{"class":82},[64,57645,86],{"class":78},[64,57647,89],{"class":82},[64,57649,1243],{"class":78},[64,57651,51053],{"class":136},[20,57653,57654],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[50,57656,57658],{"id":57657},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[428,57660,57662],{"id":57661},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[55,57664,57666],{"className":57,"code":57665,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57667,57668,57696,57714,57718],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,57669,57670,57672,57674,57676,57678,57680,57682,57684,57686,57688,57690,57692,57694],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,57671,71],{"class":70},[64,57673,75],{"class":74},[64,57675,79],{"class":78},[64,57677,2160],{"class":82},[64,57679,86],{"class":78},[64,57681,7390],{"class":82},[64,57683,86],{"class":78},[64,57685,5599],{"class":82},[64,57687,86],{"class":78},[64,57689,7395],{"class":82},[64,57691,86],{"class":78},[64,57693,5599],{"class":82},[64,57695,97],{"class":78},[64,57697,57698,57700,57702,57704,57706,57708,57710,57712],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,57699,103],{"class":70},[64,57701,75],{"class":74},[64,57703,762],{"class":70},[64,57705,148],{"class":78},[64,57707,40893],{"class":115},[64,57709,112],{"class":78},[64,57711,2160],{"class":82},[64,57713,119],{"class":78},[64,57715,57716],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,57717,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,57719,57720,57722,57724,57726],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,57721,125],{"class":108},[64,57723,112],{"class":78},[64,57725,130],{"class":115},[64,57727,119],{"class":78},[20,57729,384],{},[55,57731,57732],{"className":57,"code":46253,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,57733,57734],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,57735,57736],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,57737,46253],{"class":82},[428,57739,57741],{"id":57740},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[55,57743,57745],{"className":57,"code":57744,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57746,57747,57789,57811,57815],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,57748,57749,57751,57753,57755,57757,57759,57761,57763,57765,57768,57770,57772,57774,57776,57778,57780,57782,57785,57787],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,57750,567],{"class":70},[64,57752,75],{"class":74},[64,57754,79],{"class":78},[64,57756,2686],{"class":320},[64,57758,36678],{"class":329},[64,57760,2686],{"class":320},[64,57762,86],{"class":78},[64,57764,3184],{"class":320},[64,57766,57767],{"class":329},"dog",[64,57769,2686],{"class":320},[64,57771,86],{"class":78},[64,57773,3184],{"class":320},[64,57775,36678],{"class":329},[64,57777,2686],{"class":320},[64,57779,86],{"class":78},[64,57781,3184],{"class":320},[64,57783,57784],{"class":329},"bird",[64,57786,2686],{"class":320},[64,57788,97],{"class":78},[64,57790,57791,57793,57795,57797,57799,57801,57803,57805,57807,57809],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,57792,103],{"class":70},[64,57794,75],{"class":74},[64,57796,5763],{"class":70},[64,57798,148],{"class":78},[64,57800,40893],{"class":115},[64,57802,112],{"class":78},[64,57804,2686],{"class":320},[64,57806,36678],{"class":329},[64,57808,2686],{"class":320},[64,57810,119],{"class":78},[64,57812,57813],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,57814,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,57816,57817,57819,57821,57823],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,57818,125],{"class":108},[64,57820,112],{"class":78},[64,57822,130],{"class":115},[64,57824,119],{"class":78},[20,57826,384],{},[55,57828,57829],{"className":57,"code":16674,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,57830,57831],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,57832,57833],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,57834,16674],{"class":82},[428,57836,57838],{"id":57837},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[55,57840,57842],{"className":57,"code":57841,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57843,57844,57868,57886,57890],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,57845,57846,57848,57850,57852,57854,57856,57858,57860,57862,57864,57866],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,57847,71],{"class":70},[64,57849,75],{"class":74},[64,57851,79],{"class":78},[64,57853,83],{"class":82},[64,57855,86],{"class":78},[64,57857,89],{"class":82},[64,57859,86],{"class":78},[64,57861,94],{"class":82},[64,57863,86],{"class":78},[64,57865,2286],{"class":82},[64,57867,97],{"class":78},[64,57869,57870,57872,57874,57876,57878,57880,57882,57884],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,57871,103],{"class":70},[64,57873,75],{"class":74},[64,57875,762],{"class":70},[64,57877,148],{"class":78},[64,57879,40893],{"class":115},[64,57881,112],{"class":78},[64,57883,1107],{"class":82},[64,57885,119],{"class":78},[64,57887,57888],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,57889,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,57891,57892,57894,57896,57898],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,57893,125],{"class":108},[64,57895,112],{"class":78},[64,57897,130],{"class":115},[64,57899,119],{"class":78},[20,57901,384],{},[55,57903,57904],{"className":57,"code":46888,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,57905,57906],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,57907,57908],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,57909,46888],{"class":82},[428,57911,57913],{"id":57912},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[55,57915,57917],{"className":57,"code":57916,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57918,57919,57965,57987,57991],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,57920,57921,57923,57925,57927,57929,57931,57933,57935,57937,57939,57941,57943,57945,57947,57949,57951,57953,57955,57957,57959,57961,57963],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,57922,8771],{"class":70},[64,57924,75],{"class":74},[64,57926,55933],{"class":78},[64,57928,83],{"class":82},[64,57930,86],{"class":78},[64,57932,89],{"class":82},[64,57934,17681],{"class":78},[64,57936,79],{"class":78},[64,57938,83],{"class":82},[64,57940,86],{"class":78},[64,57942,89],{"class":82},[64,57944,17681],{"class":78},[64,57946,79],{"class":78},[64,57948,815],{"class":82},[64,57950,86],{"class":78},[64,57952,94],{"class":82},[64,57954,17681],{"class":78},[64,57956,79],{"class":78},[64,57958,83],{"class":82},[64,57960,86],{"class":78},[64,57962,89],{"class":82},[64,57964,52881],{"class":78},[64,57966,57967,57969,57971,57973,57975,57977,57979,57981,57983,57985],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,57968,103],{"class":70},[64,57970,75],{"class":74},[64,57972,14182],{"class":70},[64,57974,148],{"class":78},[64,57976,40893],{"class":115},[64,57978,354],{"class":78},[64,57980,83],{"class":82},[64,57982,86],{"class":78},[64,57984,89],{"class":82},[64,57986,381],{"class":78},[64,57988,57989],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,57990,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,57992,57993,57995,57997,57999],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,57994,125],{"class":108},[64,57996,112],{"class":78},[64,57998,130],{"class":115},[64,58000,119],{"class":78},[20,58002,384],{},[55,58004,58005],{"className":57,"code":46253,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,58006,58007],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,58008,58009],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,58010,46253],{"class":82},[50,58012,1471,58014],{"id":58013},"when-to-use-count",[15,58015,56930],{},[20,58017,1923,58018,58020],{},[15,58019,56930],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58022,58023],{},"Good use cases:",[30,58025,58026,58029,58032],{},[33,58027,58028],{},"counting one specific item",[33,58030,58031],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[33,58033,58034],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58036,916],{},[55,58038,58040],{"className":57,"code":58039,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58041,58042,58083,58107,58111],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,58043,58044,58047,58049,58051,58053,58055,58057,58059,58061,58063,58065,58067,58069,58071,58073,58075,58077,58079,58081],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,58045,58046],{"class":70},"votes ",[64,58048,75],{"class":74},[64,58050,79],{"class":78},[64,58052,2686],{"class":320},[64,58054,8262],{"class":329},[64,58056,2686],{"class":320},[64,58058,86],{"class":78},[64,58060,3184],{"class":320},[64,58062,8201],{"class":329},[64,58064,2686],{"class":320},[64,58066,86],{"class":78},[64,58068,3184],{"class":320},[64,58070,8262],{"class":329},[64,58072,2686],{"class":320},[64,58074,86],{"class":78},[64,58076,3184],{"class":320},[64,58078,8262],{"class":329},[64,58080,2686],{"class":320},[64,58082,97],{"class":78},[64,58084,58085,58088,58090,58093,58095,58097,58099,58101,58103,58105],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,58086,58087],{"class":70},"yes_votes ",[64,58089,75],{"class":74},[64,58091,58092],{"class":70}," votes",[64,58094,148],{"class":78},[64,58096,40893],{"class":115},[64,58098,112],{"class":78},[64,58100,2686],{"class":320},[64,58102,8262],{"class":329},[64,58104,2686],{"class":320},[64,58106,119],{"class":78},[64,58108,58109],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,58110,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,58112,58113,58115,58117,58120],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,58114,125],{"class":108},[64,58116,112],{"class":78},[64,58118,58119],{"class":115},"yes_votes",[64,58121,119],{"class":78},[20,58123,58124,58126],{},[15,58125,56930],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58128,58129,58130,896,58132,148],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[285,58131,52410],{"href":50617},[285,58133,58135],{"href":58134},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[50,58137,2661],{"id":2660},[20,58139,8050,58140,148],{},[15,58141,56935],{},[428,58143,58145],{"id":58144},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58147,58148,58150],{},[15,58149,56935],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[55,58152,58154],{"className":57,"code":58153,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58155,58156,58189],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,58157,58158,58160,58162,58164,58166,58169,58171,58173,58175,58177,58179,58181,58183,58185,58187],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,58159,567],{"class":70},[64,58161,75],{"class":74},[64,58163,79],{"class":78},[64,58165,2686],{"class":320},[64,58167,58168],{"class":329},"apple pie",[64,58170,2686],{"class":320},[64,58172,86],{"class":78},[64,58174,3184],{"class":320},[64,58176,585],{"class":329},[64,58178,2686],{"class":320},[64,58180,86],{"class":78},[64,58182,3184],{"class":320},[64,58184,58168],{"class":329},[64,58186,2686],{"class":320},[64,58188,97],{"class":78},[64,58190,58191,58193,58195,58197,58199,58201,58203,58205,58207,58209,58211],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,58192,125],{"class":108},[64,58194,112],{"class":78},[64,58196,611],{"class":115},[64,58198,148],{"class":78},[64,58200,40893],{"class":115},[64,58202,112],{"class":78},[64,58204,2686],{"class":320},[64,58206,576],{"class":329},[64,58208,2686],{"class":320},[64,58210,4954],{"class":78},[64,58212,50885],{"class":136},[20,58214,2318,58215,1677],{},[15,58216,243],{},[20,58218,28685,58219,58221,58222,148],{},[15,58220,57473],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58223,58224],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58226,58227,58228,148],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58229,58230],{},"str.count()",[428,58232,8056,58234,8059,58236,212,58238],{"id":58233},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58235,56930],{},[15,58237,47],{},[15,58239,147],{},[20,58241,58242,58244],{},[15,58243,56930],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[55,58246,58248],{"className":57,"code":58247,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58249,58250,58274],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,58251,58252,58254,58256,58258,58260,58262,58264,58266,58268,58270,58272],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,58253,71],{"class":70},[64,58255,75],{"class":74},[64,58257,79],{"class":78},[64,58259,83],{"class":82},[64,58261,86],{"class":78},[64,58263,89],{"class":82},[64,58265,86],{"class":78},[64,58267,89],{"class":82},[64,58269,86],{"class":78},[64,58271,94],{"class":82},[64,58273,97],{"class":78},[64,58275,58276,58278,58280,58282,58284,58286,58288,58290,58292],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,58277,125],{"class":108},[64,58279,112],{"class":78},[64,58281,116],{"class":115},[64,58283,148],{"class":78},[64,58285,40893],{"class":115},[64,58287,112],{"class":78},[64,58289,815],{"class":82},[64,58291,4954],{"class":78},[64,58293,51053],{"class":136},[20,58295,58296],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[55,58298,58300],{"className":57,"code":58299,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58301,58302],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,58303,58304,58306,58308,58310,58312,58314,58316],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,58305,125],{"class":108},[64,58307,112],{"class":78},[64,58309,815],{"class":82},[64,58311,20794],{"class":368},[64,58313,762],{"class":115},[64,58315,133],{"class":78},[64,58317,137],{"class":136},[428,58319,58321],{"id":58320},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[55,58323,58325],{"className":57,"code":58324,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58326,58327,58360],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,58328,58329,58331,58333,58335,58337,58339,58341,58343,58345,58347,58349,58351,58353,58356,58358],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,58330,1505],{"class":70},[64,58332,75],{"class":74},[64,58334,79],{"class":78},[64,58336,2686],{"class":320},[64,58338,7276],{"class":329},[64,58340,2686],{"class":320},[64,58342,86],{"class":78},[64,58344,3184],{"class":320},[64,58346,19838],{"class":329},[64,58348,2686],{"class":320},[64,58350,86],{"class":78},[64,58352,3184],{"class":320},[64,58354,58355],{"class":329},"SAM",[64,58357,2686],{"class":320},[64,58359,97],{"class":78},[64,58361,58362,58364,58366,58368,58370,58372,58374,58376,58378,58380,58382],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,58363,125],{"class":108},[64,58365,112],{"class":78},[64,58367,1549],{"class":115},[64,58369,148],{"class":78},[64,58371,40893],{"class":115},[64,58373,112],{"class":78},[64,58375,2686],{"class":320},[64,58377,19838],{"class":329},[64,58379,2686],{"class":320},[64,58381,4954],{"class":78},[64,58383,27403],{"class":136},[20,58385,58386,58387,58390],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58388,58389],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[428,58392,29274,58394,33175],{"id":58393},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58395,56930],{},[20,58397,58398],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[55,58400,58402],{"className":57,"code":58401,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58403,58404,58414,58428,58446,58460,58472],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,58405,58406,58408,58410,58412],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,58407,125],{"class":108},[64,58409,112],{"class":78},[64,58411,7941],{"class":115},[64,58413,119],{"class":78},[64,58415,58416,58418,58420,58422,58424,58426],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,58417,125],{"class":108},[64,58419,112],{"class":78},[64,58421,3052],{"class":357},[64,58423,112],{"class":78},[64,58425,7941],{"class":115},[64,58427,471],{"class":78},[64,58429,58430,58432,58434,58436,58438,58440,58442,58444],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,58431,125],{"class":108},[64,58433,112],{"class":78},[64,58435,7941],{"class":115},[64,58437,148],{"class":78},[64,58439,40893],{"class":115},[64,58441,112],{"class":78},[64,58443,2302],{"class":115},[64,58445,471],{"class":78},[64,58447,58448,58450,58452,58454,58456,58458],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,58449,125],{"class":108},[64,58451,112],{"class":78},[64,58453,2276],{"class":115},[64,58455,375],{"class":368},[64,58457,7998],{"class":115},[64,58459,119],{"class":78},[64,58461,58462,58464,58466,58468,58470],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,58463,5552],{"class":368},[64,58465,5555],{"class":70},[64,58467,375],{"class":368},[64,58469,7998],{"class":70},[64,58471,5989],{"class":78},[64,58473,58474,58476,58478,58480,58482,58484],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,58475,7670],{"class":108},[64,58477,112],{"class":78},[64,58479,41413],{"class":108},[64,58481,112],{"class":78},[64,58483,22932],{"class":115},[64,58485,471],{"class":78},[20,58487,58488],{},"These checks can help you see:",[30,58490,58491,58494,58497],{},[33,58492,58493],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[33,58495,58496],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[33,58498,58499],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58501,58502],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[30,58504,58505,58510,58513,58520],{},[33,58506,50129,58507,58509],{},[15,58508,56930],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[33,58511,58512],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[33,58514,10716,58515,58517,58518],{},[15,58516,56935],{}," with string ",[15,58519,56930],{},[33,58521,58522],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[50,58524,1651],{"id":1650},[428,58526,12317,58528,58530],{"id":58527},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58529,56935],{}," change the list?",[20,58532,58533],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[428,58535,58537],{"id":58536},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58539,11523,58540,148],{},[15,58541,243],{},[428,58543,1684,58545,58547],{"id":58544},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58546,56935],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58549,58550],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[428,58552,14519,58554,58556],{"id":58553},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58555,56935],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58558,41786,58559,896,58561,58563],{},[15,58560,57476],{},[15,58562,57473],{}," are different values.",[428,58565,1671,58567,58569,58570,1677],{"id":58566},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58568,47],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58571,83],{},[20,58573,8390,58574,58576,58577,896,58579,58576,58581,148],{},[15,58575,47],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58578,83],{},[15,58580,147],{},[15,58582,243],{},[50,58584,1717],{"id":1716},[30,58586,58587,58591,58597,58601,58609,58616],{},[33,58588,58589],{},[285,58590,52410],{"href":50617},[33,58592,58593],{},[285,58594,58596],{"href":58595},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[33,58598,58599],{},[285,58600,6533],{"href":5792},[33,58602,58603],{},[285,58604,55159,58606,10349],{"href":58605},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58607,58608],{},"index()",[33,58610,58611],{},[285,58612,13,58614],{"href":58613},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58615,41995],{},[33,58617,58618],{},[285,58619,58620],{"href":58134},"What is a list in Python",[1751,58622,58623],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":58625},[58626,58627,58629,58630,58631,58637,58643,58645,58653,58664],{"id":52,"depth":100,"text":53},{"id":57027,"depth":100,"text":58628},"What list.count() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":37651,"depth":100,"text":37652},{"id":57349,"depth":100,"text":57350,"children":58632},[58633,58634,58636],{"id":57381,"depth":122,"text":57382},{"id":57480,"depth":122,"text":58635},"1 and True can match",{"id":57579,"depth":122,"text":57580},{"id":57657,"depth":100,"text":57658,"children":58638},[58639,58640,58641,58642],{"id":57661,"depth":122,"text":57662},{"id":57740,"depth":122,"text":57741},{"id":57837,"depth":122,"text":57838},{"id":57912,"depth":122,"text":57913},{"id":58013,"depth":100,"text":58644},"When to use count()",{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661,"children":58646},[58647,58648,58650,58651],{"id":58144,"depth":122,"text":58145},{"id":58233,"depth":122,"text":58649},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58320,"depth":122,"text":58321},{"id":58393,"depth":122,"text":58652},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":58654},[58655,58657,58658,58660,58662],{"id":58527,"depth":122,"text":58656},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58536,"depth":122,"text":58537},{"id":58544,"depth":122,"text":58659},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58553,"depth":122,"text":58661},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58566,"depth":122,"text":58663},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":56922,"description":58665},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58672,"title":58673,"body":58674,"description":60637,"extension":1791,"meta":60638,"navigation":346,"path":60639,"seo":60640,"stem":60641,"__hash__":60642},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58675,"toc":60600},[58676,58679,58682,58684,58812,58816,58897,58908,58910,58929,58933,58936,58939,58957,58959,59002,59006,59031,59040,59044,59049,59052,59169,59173,59242,59246,59258,59262,59265,59306,59310,59323,59326,59411,59415,59448,59455,59461,59466,59468,59480,59484,59517,59521,59553,59557,59594,59598,59618,59622,59656,59660,59689,59700,59704,59707,59710,59723,59780,59784,59823,59829,59832,59834,59837,59841,59844,59869,59871,59896,59903,59906,59951,59955,59974,59977,60016,60023,60028,60062,60066,60167,60174,60207,60211,60237,60241,60244,60282,60285,60322,60326,60329,60348,60352,60413,60415,60433,60437,60440,60443,60472,60474,60478,60481,60489,60493,60496,60516,60522,60528,60532,60535,60542,60550,60552,60591,60597],[10,58677,58673],{"id":58678},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58680,58681],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[50,58683,53],{"id":52},[55,58685,58687],{"className":57,"code":58686,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58688,58689,58709,58741,58749,58767,58771,58781,58791,58802],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,58690,58691,58693,58695,58697,58699,58701,58703,58705,58707],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,58692,71],{"class":70},[64,58694,75],{"class":74},[64,58696,79],{"class":78},[64,58698,83],{"class":82},[64,58700,86],{"class":78},[64,58702,89],{"class":82},[64,58704,86],{"class":78},[64,58706,94],{"class":82},[64,58708,97],{"class":78},[64,58710,58711,58713,58715,58717,58719,58721,58723,58725,58727,58729,58731,58733,58735,58737,58739],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,58712,1505],{"class":70},[64,58714,75],{"class":74},[64,58716,79],{"class":78},[64,58718,2686],{"class":320},[64,58720,12494],{"class":329},[64,58722,2686],{"class":320},[64,58724,86],{"class":78},[64,58726,3184],{"class":320},[64,58728,35570],{"class":329},[64,58730,2686],{"class":320},[64,58732,86],{"class":78},[64,58734,3184],{"class":320},[64,58736,35579],{"class":329},[64,58738,2686],{"class":320},[64,58740,97],{"class":78},[64,58742,58743,58745,58747],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,58744,55570],{"class":70},[64,58746,75],{"class":74},[64,58748,7439],{"class":78},[64,58750,58751,58753,58755,58757,58759,58761,58763,58765],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,58752,35720],{"class":70},[64,58754,75],{"class":74},[64,58756,22181],{"class":357},[64,58758,112],{"class":78},[64,58760,2686],{"class":320},[64,58762,41194],{"class":329},[64,58764,2686],{"class":320},[64,58766,119],{"class":78},[64,58768,58769],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,58770,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,58772,58773,58775,58777,58779],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,58774,125],{"class":108},[64,58776,112],{"class":78},[64,58778,116],{"class":115},[64,58780,119],{"class":78},[64,58782,58783,58785,58787,58789],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,58784,125],{"class":108},[64,58786,112],{"class":78},[64,58788,1549],{"class":115},[64,58790,119],{"class":78},[64,58792,58793,58795,58797,58800],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,58794,125],{"class":108},[64,58796,112],{"class":78},[64,58798,58799],{"class":115},"empty_list",[64,58801,119],{"class":78},[64,58803,58804,58806,58808,58810],{"class":66,"line":6028},[64,58805,125],{"class":108},[64,58807,112],{"class":78},[64,58809,35773],{"class":115},[64,58811,119],{"class":78},[20,58813,58814],{},[221,58815,384],{},[55,58817,58819],{"className":57,"code":58818,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,58820,58821,58837,58865,58869],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,58822,58823,58825,58827,58829,58831,58833,58835],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,58824,394],{"class":78},[64,58826,83],{"class":82},[64,58828,86],{"class":78},[64,58830,89],{"class":82},[64,58832,86],{"class":78},[64,58834,94],{"class":82},[64,58836,97],{"class":78},[64,58838,58839,58841,58843,58845,58847,58849,58851,58853,58855,58857,58859,58861,58863],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,58840,394],{"class":78},[64,58842,333],{"class":320},[64,58844,12494],{"class":329},[64,58846,333],{"class":320},[64,58848,86],{"class":78},[64,58850,326],{"class":320},[64,58852,35570],{"class":329},[64,58854,333],{"class":320},[64,58856,86],{"class":78},[64,58858,326],{"class":320},[64,58860,35579],{"class":329},[64,58862,333],{"class":320},[64,58864,97],{"class":78},[64,58866,58867],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,58868,37929],{"class":78},[64,58870,58871,58873,58875,58877,58879,58881,58883,58885,58887,58889,58891,58893,58895],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,58872,394],{"class":78},[64,58874,333],{"class":320},[64,58876,285],{"class":329},[64,58878,333],{"class":320},[64,58880,86],{"class":78},[64,58882,326],{"class":320},[64,58884,1269],{"class":329},[64,58886,333],{"class":320},[64,58888,86],{"class":78},[64,58890,326],{"class":320},[64,58892,9346],{"class":329},[64,58894,333],{"class":320},[64,58896,97],{"class":78},[20,58898,58899,58900,58902,58903,58905,58906,148],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,58901,267],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,58904,24403],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,58907,35828],{},[50,58909,14779],{"id":14778},[30,58911,58912,58915,58918,58921,58926],{},[33,58913,58914],{},"What a list is in Python",[33,58916,58917],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[33,58919,58920],{},"How to create an empty list",[33,58922,58923,58924,2132],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,58925,24403],{},[33,58927,58928],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[50,58930,58932],{"id":58931},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,58934,58935],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,58937,58938],{},"This means:",[30,58940,58941,58944,58947,58950],{},[33,58942,58943],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[33,58945,58946],{},"The order of items is kept",[33,58948,58949],{},"A list can hold different data types",[33,58951,58952,58953,58956],{},"A list is ",[221,58954,58955],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,58958,916],{},[55,58960,58962],{"className":57,"code":58961,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,58963,58964,58988,58992],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,58965,58966,58968,58970,58972,58974,58976,58978,58980,58982,58984,58986],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,58967,7379],{"class":70},[64,58969,75],{"class":74},[64,58971,79],{"class":78},[64,58973,2686],{"class":320},[64,58975,576],{"class":329},[64,58977,2686],{"class":320},[64,58979,86],{"class":78},[64,58981,5599],{"class":82},[64,58983,86],{"class":78},[64,58985,410],{"class":338},[64,58987,97],{"class":78},[64,58989,58990],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,58991,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,58993,58994,58996,58998,59000],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,58995,125],{"class":108},[64,58997,112],{"class":78},[64,58999,7410],{"class":115},[64,59001,119],{"class":78},[20,59003,59004],{},[221,59005,384],{},[55,59007,59009],{"className":57,"code":59008,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59010,59011],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,59012,59013,59015,59017,59019,59021,59023,59025,59027,59029],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59014,394],{"class":78},[64,59016,333],{"class":320},[64,59018,576],{"class":329},[64,59020,333],{"class":320},[64,59022,86],{"class":78},[64,59024,5599],{"class":82},[64,59026,86],{"class":78},[64,59028,410],{"class":338},[64,59030,97],{"class":78},[20,59032,59033,59034,212,59037,148],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[285,59035,59036],{"href":50617},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[285,59038,59039],{"href":58134},"What is a List in Python?",[50,59041,59043],{"id":59042},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59045,58899,59046,59048],{},[15,59047,267],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59050,59051],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[55,59053,59055],{"className":57,"code":59054,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59056,59057,59077,59109,59134,59138,59148,59158],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,59058,59059,59061,59063,59065,59067,59069,59071,59073,59075],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59060,71],{"class":70},[64,59062,75],{"class":74},[64,59064,79],{"class":78},[64,59066,83],{"class":82},[64,59068,86],{"class":78},[64,59070,89],{"class":82},[64,59072,86],{"class":78},[64,59074,94],{"class":82},[64,59076,97],{"class":78},[64,59078,59079,59081,59083,59085,59087,59089,59091,59093,59095,59097,59099,59101,59103,59105,59107],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,59080,1505],{"class":70},[64,59082,75],{"class":74},[64,59084,79],{"class":78},[64,59086,2686],{"class":320},[64,59088,12494],{"class":329},[64,59090,2686],{"class":320},[64,59092,86],{"class":78},[64,59094,3184],{"class":320},[64,59096,35570],{"class":329},[64,59098,2686],{"class":320},[64,59100,86],{"class":78},[64,59102,3184],{"class":320},[64,59104,35579],{"class":329},[64,59106,2686],{"class":320},[64,59108,97],{"class":78},[64,59110,59111,59114,59116,59118,59120,59122,59124,59126,59128,59130,59132],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,59112,59113],{"class":70},"mixed ",[64,59115,75],{"class":74},[64,59117,79],{"class":78},[64,59119,2160],{"class":82},[64,59121,86],{"class":78},[64,59123,3184],{"class":320},[64,59125,330],{"class":329},[64,59127,2686],{"class":320},[64,59129,86],{"class":78},[64,59131,401],{"class":338},[64,59133,97],{"class":78},[64,59135,59136],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,59137,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,59139,59140,59142,59144,59146],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,59141,125],{"class":108},[64,59143,112],{"class":78},[64,59145,116],{"class":115},[64,59147,119],{"class":78},[64,59149,59150,59152,59154,59156],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,59151,125],{"class":108},[64,59153,112],{"class":78},[64,59155,1549],{"class":115},[64,59157,119],{"class":78},[64,59159,59160,59162,59164,59167],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,59161,125],{"class":108},[64,59163,112],{"class":78},[64,59165,59166],{"class":115},"mixed",[64,59168,119],{"class":78},[20,59170,59171],{},[221,59172,384],{},[55,59174,59176],{"className":57,"code":59175,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59177,59178,59194,59222],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,59179,59180,59182,59184,59186,59188,59190,59192],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59181,394],{"class":78},[64,59183,83],{"class":82},[64,59185,86],{"class":78},[64,59187,89],{"class":82},[64,59189,86],{"class":78},[64,59191,94],{"class":82},[64,59193,97],{"class":78},[64,59195,59196,59198,59200,59202,59204,59206,59208,59210,59212,59214,59216,59218,59220],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,59197,394],{"class":78},[64,59199,333],{"class":320},[64,59201,12494],{"class":329},[64,59203,333],{"class":320},[64,59205,86],{"class":78},[64,59207,326],{"class":320},[64,59209,35570],{"class":329},[64,59211,333],{"class":320},[64,59213,86],{"class":78},[64,59215,326],{"class":320},[64,59217,35579],{"class":329},[64,59219,333],{"class":320},[64,59221,97],{"class":78},[64,59223,59224,59226,59228,59230,59232,59234,59236,59238,59240],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,59225,394],{"class":78},[64,59227,2160],{"class":82},[64,59229,86],{"class":78},[64,59231,326],{"class":320},[64,59233,330],{"class":329},[64,59235,333],{"class":320},[64,59237,86],{"class":78},[64,59239,401],{"class":338},[64,59241,97],{"class":78},[428,59243,59245],{"id":59244},"key-points","Key points",[30,59247,59248,59253,59255],{},[33,59249,1923,59250,59252],{},[15,59251,267],{}," to make a new list",[33,59254,15049],{},[33,59256,59257],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[50,59259,59261],{"id":59260},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59263,59264],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[55,59266,59268],{"className":57,"code":59267,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59269,59270,59278,59282,59292],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,59271,59272,59274,59276],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59273,7910],{"class":70},[64,59275,75],{"class":74},[64,59277,7439],{"class":78},[64,59279,59280],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,59281,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,59283,59284,59286,59288,59290],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,59285,125],{"class":108},[64,59287,112],{"class":78},[64,59289,7941],{"class":115},[64,59291,119],{"class":78},[64,59293,59294,59296,59298,59300,59302,59304],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,59295,125],{"class":108},[64,59297,112],{"class":78},[64,59299,10771],{"class":108},[64,59301,112],{"class":78},[64,59303,7941],{"class":115},[64,59305,471],{"class":78},[20,59307,59308],{},[221,59309,384],{},[55,59311,59313],{"className":57,"code":59312,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[]\n0\n",[15,59314,59315,59319],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,59316,59317],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59318,37929],{"class":78},[64,59320,59321],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,59322,46888],{"class":82},[20,59324,59325],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[55,59327,59329],{"className":57,"code":59328,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59330,59331,59339,59343,59361,59379,59397,59401],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,59332,59333,59335,59337],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59334,1505],{"class":70},[64,59336,75],{"class":74},[64,59338,7439],{"class":78},[64,59340,59341],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,59342,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,59344,59345,59347,59349,59351,59353,59355,59357,59359],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,59346,1549],{"class":70},[64,59348,148],{"class":78},[64,59350,13168],{"class":115},[64,59352,112],{"class":78},[64,59354,2686],{"class":320},[64,59356,12494],{"class":329},[64,59358,2686],{"class":320},[64,59360,119],{"class":78},[64,59362,59363,59365,59367,59369,59371,59373,59375,59377],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,59364,1549],{"class":70},[64,59366,148],{"class":78},[64,59368,13168],{"class":115},[64,59370,112],{"class":78},[64,59372,2686],{"class":320},[64,59374,35570],{"class":329},[64,59376,2686],{"class":320},[64,59378,119],{"class":78},[64,59380,59381,59383,59385,59387,59389,59391,59393,59395],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,59382,1549],{"class":70},[64,59384,148],{"class":78},[64,59386,13168],{"class":115},[64,59388,112],{"class":78},[64,59390,2686],{"class":320},[64,59392,35579],{"class":329},[64,59394,2686],{"class":320},[64,59396,119],{"class":78},[64,59398,59399],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,59400,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,59402,59403,59405,59407,59409],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,59404,125],{"class":108},[64,59406,112],{"class":78},[64,59408,1549],{"class":115},[64,59410,119],{"class":78},[20,59412,59413],{},[221,59414,384],{},[55,59416,59418],{"className":57,"code":59417,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59419,59420],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,59421,59422,59424,59426,59428,59430,59432,59434,59436,59438,59440,59442,59444,59446],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59423,394],{"class":78},[64,59425,333],{"class":320},[64,59427,12494],{"class":329},[64,59429,333],{"class":320},[64,59431,86],{"class":78},[64,59433,326],{"class":320},[64,59435,35570],{"class":329},[64,59437,333],{"class":320},[64,59439,86],{"class":78},[64,59441,326],{"class":320},[64,59443,35579],{"class":329},[64,59445,333],{"class":320},[64,59447,97],{"class":78},[20,59449,59450,59451,148],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[285,59452,59453,10349],{"href":56408},[15,59454,52291],{},[50,59456,59458,59459],{"id":59457},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59460,24403],{},[20,59462,1923,59463,59465],{},[15,59464,24403],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59467,5050],{},[30,59469,59470,59472,59474,59476],{},[33,59471,4901],{},[33,59473,4895],{},[33,59475,4898],{},[33,59477,59478],{},[15,59479,35828],{},[428,59481,59483],{"id":59482},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[55,59485,59487],{"className":57,"code":59486,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59488,59489,59507],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,59490,59491,59493,59495,59497,59499,59501,59503,59505],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59492,35720],{"class":70},[64,59494,75],{"class":74},[64,59496,22181],{"class":357},[64,59498,112],{"class":78},[64,59500,2686],{"class":320},[64,59502,41194],{"class":329},[64,59504,2686],{"class":320},[64,59506,119],{"class":78},[64,59508,59509,59511,59513,59515],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,59510,125],{"class":108},[64,59512,112],{"class":78},[64,59514,35773],{"class":115},[64,59516,119],{"class":78},[20,59518,59519],{},[221,59520,384],{},[55,59522,59523],{"className":57,"code":42510,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,59524,59525],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,59526,59527,59529,59531,59533,59535,59537,59539,59541,59543,59545,59547,59549,59551],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59528,394],{"class":78},[64,59530,333],{"class":320},[64,59532,285],{"class":329},[64,59534,333],{"class":320},[64,59536,86],{"class":78},[64,59538,326],{"class":320},[64,59540,1269],{"class":329},[64,59542,333],{"class":320},[64,59544,86],{"class":78},[64,59546,326],{"class":320},[64,59548,9346],{"class":329},[64,59550,333],{"class":320},[64,59552,97],{"class":78},[428,59554,59556],{"id":59555},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[55,59558,59560],{"className":57,"code":59559,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59561,59562,59584],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,59563,59564,59566,59568,59570,59572,59574,59576,59578,59580,59582],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59565,71],{"class":70},[64,59567,75],{"class":74},[64,59569,22181],{"class":357},[64,59571,5104],{"class":78},[64,59573,83],{"class":82},[64,59575,86],{"class":78},[64,59577,89],{"class":82},[64,59579,86],{"class":78},[64,59581,94],{"class":82},[64,59583,471],{"class":78},[64,59585,59586,59588,59590,59592],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,59587,125],{"class":108},[64,59589,112],{"class":78},[64,59591,116],{"class":115},[64,59593,119],{"class":78},[20,59595,59596],{},[221,59597,384],{},[55,59599,59600],{"className":57,"code":54789,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,59601,59602],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,59603,59604,59606,59608,59610,59612,59614,59616],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59605,394],{"class":78},[64,59607,83],{"class":82},[64,59609,86],{"class":78},[64,59611,89],{"class":82},[64,59613,86],{"class":78},[64,59615,94],{"class":82},[64,59617,97],{"class":78},[428,59619,59621],{"id":59620},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[55,59623,59625],{"className":57,"code":59624,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59626,59627,59646],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,59628,59629,59631,59633,59635,59637,59640,59642,59644],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59630,304],{"class":70},[64,59632,75],{"class":74},[64,59634,22181],{"class":357},[64,59636,112],{"class":78},[64,59638,59639],{"class":108},"range",[64,59641,112],{"class":78},[64,59643,1107],{"class":82},[64,59645,471],{"class":78},[64,59647,59648,59650,59652,59654],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,59649,125],{"class":108},[64,59651,112],{"class":78},[64,59653,4951],{"class":115},[64,59655,119],{"class":78},[20,59657,59658],{},[221,59659,384],{},[55,59661,59663],{"className":57,"code":59662,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59664,59665],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,59666,59667,59669,59671,59673,59675,59677,59679,59681,59683,59685,59687],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59668,394],{"class":78},[64,59670,243],{"class":82},[64,59672,86],{"class":78},[64,59674,5091],{"class":82},[64,59676,86],{"class":78},[64,59678,89],{"class":82},[64,59680,86],{"class":78},[64,59682,94],{"class":82},[64,59684,86],{"class":78},[64,59686,2286],{"class":82},[64,59688,97],{"class":78},[20,59690,59691,59693,59694,148],{},[15,59692,24403],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[285,59695,59697,59699],{"href":59696},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59698,24403],{},": Function Explained",[50,59701,59703],{"id":59702},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59705,59706],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59708,59709],{},"Examples include:",[30,59711,59712,59714,59716,59718,59720],{},[33,59713,4901],{},[33,59715,40057],{},[33,59717,51684],{},[33,59719,40227],{},[33,59721,59722],{},"other lists",[55,59724,59726],{"className":57,"code":59725,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59727,59728,59766,59770],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,59729,59730,59732,59734,59736,59738,59740,59742,59744,59746,59748,59750,59752,59754,59756,59758,59760,59762,59764],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59731,8771],{"class":70},[64,59733,75],{"class":74},[64,59735,79],{"class":78},[64,59737,2686],{"class":320},[64,59739,12494],{"class":329},[64,59741,2686],{"class":320},[64,59743,86],{"class":78},[64,59745,8912],{"class":82},[64,59747,86],{"class":78},[64,59749,410],{"class":338},[64,59751,86],{"class":78},[64,59753,79],{"class":78},[64,59755,83],{"class":82},[64,59757,86],{"class":78},[64,59759,89],{"class":82},[64,59761,86],{"class":78},[64,59763,94],{"class":82},[64,59765,52881],{"class":78},[64,59767,59768],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,59769,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,59771,59772,59774,59776,59778],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,59773,125],{"class":108},[64,59775,112],{"class":78},[64,59777,8810],{"class":115},[64,59779,119],{"class":78},[20,59781,59782],{},[221,59783,384],{},[55,59785,59787],{"className":57,"code":59786,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,59788,59789],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,59790,59791,59793,59795,59797,59799,59801,59803,59805,59807,59809,59811,59813,59815,59817,59819,59821],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59792,394],{"class":78},[64,59794,333],{"class":320},[64,59796,12494],{"class":329},[64,59798,333],{"class":320},[64,59800,86],{"class":78},[64,59802,8912],{"class":82},[64,59804,86],{"class":78},[64,59806,410],{"class":338},[64,59808,86],{"class":78},[64,59810,79],{"class":78},[64,59812,83],{"class":82},[64,59814,86],{"class":78},[64,59816,89],{"class":82},[64,59818,86],{"class":78},[64,59820,94],{"class":82},[64,59822,52881],{"class":78},[20,59824,59825,59826,148],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[221,59827,59828],{},"nested list",[20,59830,59831],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[50,59833,1023],{"id":1022},[20,59835,59836],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[428,59838,59840],{"id":59839},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,59842,59843],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[55,59845,59847],{"className":57,"code":59846,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,59848,59849,59853],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,59850,59851],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59852,1040],{"class":136},[64,59854,59855,59857,59859,59861,59863,59865,59867],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,59856,71],{"class":70},[64,59858,75],{"class":74},[64,59860,79],{"class":78},[64,59862,83],{"class":82},[64,59864,89],{"class":82},[64,59866,94],{"class":82},[64,59868,97],{"class":78},[20,59870,10416],{},[55,59872,59874],{"className":57,"code":59873,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,59875,59876],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,59877,59878,59880,59882,59884,59886,59888,59890,59892,59894],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59879,71],{"class":70},[64,59881,75],{"class":74},[64,59883,79],{"class":78},[64,59885,83],{"class":82},[64,59887,86],{"class":78},[64,59889,89],{"class":82},[64,59891,86],{"class":78},[64,59893,94],{"class":82},[64,59895,97],{"class":78},[428,59897,8020,59899,10701,59901],{"id":59898},"using-instead-of",[15,59900,6964],{},[15,59902,267],{},[20,59904,59905],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[55,59907,59909],{"className":57,"code":59908,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59910,59911,59932,59936],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,59912,59913,59916,59918,59920,59922,59924,59926,59928,59930],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59914,59915],{"class":70},"my_values ",[64,59917,75],{"class":74},[64,59919,8842],{"class":78},[64,59921,83],{"class":82},[64,59923,86],{"class":78},[64,59925,89],{"class":82},[64,59927,86],{"class":78},[64,59929,94],{"class":82},[64,59931,119],{"class":78},[64,59933,59934],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,59935,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,59937,59938,59940,59942,59944,59946,59949],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,59939,125],{"class":108},[64,59941,112],{"class":78},[64,59943,3052],{"class":357},[64,59945,112],{"class":78},[64,59947,59948],{"class":115},"my_values",[64,59950,471],{"class":78},[20,59952,59953],{},[221,59954,384],{},[55,59956,59958],{"className":57,"code":59957,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,59959,59960],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,59961,59962,59964,59966,59968,59970,59972],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59963,3121],{"class":74},[64,59965,3124],{"class":1895},[64,59967,326],{"class":320},[64,59969,48590],{"class":329},[64,59971,333],{"class":320},[64,59973,3133],{"class":74},[20,59975,59976],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[55,59978,59980],{"className":57,"code":59979,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59981,59982,60002],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,59983,59984,59986,59988,59990,59992,59994,59996,59998,60000],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,59985,59915],{"class":70},[64,59987,75],{"class":74},[64,59989,79],{"class":78},[64,59991,83],{"class":82},[64,59993,86],{"class":78},[64,59995,89],{"class":82},[64,59997,86],{"class":78},[64,59999,94],{"class":82},[64,60001,97],{"class":78},[64,60003,60004,60006,60008,60010,60012,60014],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,60005,125],{"class":108},[64,60007,112],{"class":78},[64,60009,3052],{"class":357},[64,60011,112],{"class":78},[64,60013,59948],{"class":115},[64,60015,471],{"class":78},[428,60017,8056,60019,60022],{"id":60018},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60020,60021],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60024,60025,60027],{},[15,60026,24403],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[55,60029,60031],{"className":57,"code":60030,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60032,60033,60052],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,60034,60035,60037,60039,60041,60043,60045,60048,60050],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60036,103],{"class":70},[64,60038,75],{"class":74},[64,60040,22181],{"class":357},[64,60042,112],{"class":78},[64,60044,2686],{"class":320},[64,60046,60047],{"class":329},"hello world",[64,60049,2686],{"class":320},[64,60051,119],{"class":78},[64,60053,60054,60056,60058,60060],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,60055,125],{"class":108},[64,60057,112],{"class":78},[64,60059,130],{"class":115},[64,60061,119],{"class":78},[20,60063,60064],{},[221,60065,384],{},[55,60067,60069],{"className":57,"code":60068,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60070,60071],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,60072,60073,60075,60077,60080,60082,60084,60086,60089,60091,60093,60095,60098,60100,60102,60104,60106,60108,60110,60112,60115,60117,60119,60121,60123,60125,60127,60130,60132,60134,60136,60138,60140,60142,60144,60147,60149,60151,60153,60155,60157,60159,60161,60163,60165],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60074,394],{"class":78},[64,60076,333],{"class":320},[64,60078,60079],{"class":329},"h",[64,60081,333],{"class":320},[64,60083,86],{"class":78},[64,60085,326],{"class":320},[64,60087,60088],{"class":329},"e",[64,60090,333],{"class":320},[64,60092,86],{"class":78},[64,60094,326],{"class":320},[64,60096,60097],{"class":329},"l",[64,60099,333],{"class":320},[64,60101,86],{"class":78},[64,60103,326],{"class":320},[64,60105,60097],{"class":329},[64,60107,333],{"class":320},[64,60109,86],{"class":78},[64,60111,326],{"class":320},[64,60113,60114],{"class":329},"o",[64,60116,333],{"class":320},[64,60118,86],{"class":78},[64,60120,326],{"class":320},[64,60122,326],{"class":320},[64,60124,86],{"class":78},[64,60126,326],{"class":320},[64,60128,60129],{"class":329},"w",[64,60131,333],{"class":320},[64,60133,86],{"class":78},[64,60135,326],{"class":320},[64,60137,60114],{"class":329},[64,60139,333],{"class":320},[64,60141,86],{"class":78},[64,60143,326],{"class":320},[64,60145,60146],{"class":329},"r",[64,60148,333],{"class":320},[64,60150,86],{"class":78},[64,60152,326],{"class":320},[64,60154,60097],{"class":329},[64,60156,333],{"class":320},[64,60158,86],{"class":78},[64,60160,326],{"class":320},[64,60162,18387],{"class":329},[64,60164,333],{"class":320},[64,60166,97],{"class":78},[20,60168,60169,60170,60173],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60171,60172],{},"split()"," instead:",[55,60175,60177],{"className":57,"code":60176,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60178,60179,60197],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,60180,60181,60183,60185,60187,60189,60191,60193,60195],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60182,567],{"class":70},[64,60184,75],{"class":74},[64,60186,3184],{"class":320},[64,60188,60047],{"class":329},[64,60190,2686],{"class":320},[64,60192,148],{"class":78},[64,60194,34096],{"class":115},[64,60196,8247],{"class":78},[64,60198,60199,60201,60203,60205],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,60200,125],{"class":108},[64,60202,112],{"class":78},[64,60204,611],{"class":115},[64,60206,119],{"class":78},[20,60208,60209],{},[221,60210,384],{},[55,60212,60214],{"className":57,"code":60213,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60215,60216],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,60217,60218,60220,60222,60224,60226,60228,60230,60233,60235],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60219,394],{"class":78},[64,60221,333],{"class":320},[64,60223,330],{"class":329},[64,60225,333],{"class":320},[64,60227,86],{"class":78},[64,60229,326],{"class":320},[64,60231,60232],{"class":329},"world",[64,60234,333],{"class":320},[64,60236,97],{"class":78},[428,60238,60240],{"id":60239},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60242,60243],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[55,60245,60247],{"className":57,"code":60246,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60248,60249,60253],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,60250,60251],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60252,1040],{"class":136},[64,60254,60255,60257,60259,60261,60263,60265,60267,60269,60271,60274,60276,60278,60280],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,60256,1505],{"class":70},[64,60258,75],{"class":74},[64,60260,79],{"class":78},[64,60262,2686],{"class":320},[64,60264,12494],{"class":329},[64,60266,2686],{"class":320},[64,60268,86],{"class":78},[64,60270,3184],{"class":320},[64,60272,60273],{"class":329},"Ben', ",[64,60275,2686],{"class":320},[64,60277,35579],{"class":70},[64,60279,2686],{"class":320},[64,60281,97],{"class":329},[20,60283,60284],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[55,60286,60288],{"className":57,"code":60287,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60289,60290],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,60291,60292,60294,60296,60298,60300,60302,60304,60306,60308,60310,60312,60314,60316,60318,60320],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60293,1505],{"class":70},[64,60295,75],{"class":74},[64,60297,79],{"class":78},[64,60299,2686],{"class":320},[64,60301,12494],{"class":329},[64,60303,2686],{"class":320},[64,60305,86],{"class":78},[64,60307,3184],{"class":320},[64,60309,35570],{"class":329},[64,60311,2686],{"class":320},[64,60313,86],{"class":78},[64,60315,3184],{"class":320},[64,60317,35579],{"class":329},[64,60319,2686],{"class":320},[64,60321,97],{"class":78},[428,60323,60325],{"id":60324},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60327,60328],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[30,60330,60331,60334,60337,60342],{},[33,60332,60333],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[33,60335,60336],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[33,60338,60339,60340],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60341,24403],{},[33,60343,8056,60344,60347],{},[15,60345,60346],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[428,60349,60351],{"id":60350},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[55,60353,60355],{"className":57,"code":60354,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60356,60357,60367,60381,60395],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,60358,60359,60361,60363,60365],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60360,125],{"class":108},[64,60362,112],{"class":78},[64,60364,7941],{"class":115},[64,60366,119],{"class":78},[64,60368,60369,60371,60373,60375,60377,60379],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,60370,125],{"class":108},[64,60372,112],{"class":78},[64,60374,3052],{"class":357},[64,60376,112],{"class":78},[64,60378,7941],{"class":115},[64,60380,471],{"class":78},[64,60382,60383,60385,60387,60389,60391,60393],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,60384,125],{"class":108},[64,60386,112],{"class":78},[64,60388,10771],{"class":108},[64,60390,112],{"class":78},[64,60392,7941],{"class":115},[64,60394,471],{"class":78},[64,60396,60397,60399,60401,60403,60405,60407,60409,60411],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,60398,125],{"class":108},[64,60400,112],{"class":78},[64,60402,7695],{"class":357},[64,60404,112],{"class":78},[64,60406,59639],{"class":108},[64,60408,112],{"class":78},[64,60410,1107],{"class":82},[64,60412,2744],{"class":78},[20,60414,25631],{},[30,60416,60417,60420,60423,60426],{},[33,60418,60419],{},"what the list contains",[33,60421,60422],{},"whether the value is really a list",[33,60424,60425],{},"how many items it has",[33,60427,25642,60428,60430,60431],{},[15,60429,24403],{}," does with ",[15,60432,35828],{},[50,60434,60436],{"id":60435},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60438,60439],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60441,60442],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[30,60444,60445,60460,60465],{},[33,60446,1923,60447,2020,60451,16690,60455,60459],{},[285,60448,60449],{"href":56408},[15,60450,52291],{},[285,60452,60453],{"href":52983},[15,60454,53085],{},[285,60456,60457],{"href":53547},[15,60458,53907],{}," to add items later",[33,60461,1923,60462,60464],{},[285,60463,59036],{"href":50617}," for a broader introduction",[33,60466,1923,60467,60471],{},[285,60468,60469,59699],{"href":59696},[15,60470,24403],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[50,60473,1651],{"id":1650},[428,60475,60477],{"id":60476},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60479,60480],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[55,60482,60483],{"className":57,"code":37929,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,60484,60485],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,60486,60487],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60488,37929],{"class":78},[428,60490,60492],{"id":60491},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60494,60495],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[55,60497,60498],{"className":57,"code":54789,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,60499,60500],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,60501,60502,60504,60506,60508,60510,60512,60514],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60503,394],{"class":78},[64,60505,83],{"class":82},[64,60507,86],{"class":78},[64,60509,89],{"class":82},[64,60511,86],{"class":78},[64,60513,94],{"class":82},[64,60515,97],{"class":78},[428,60517,1655,60519,60521],{"id":60518},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60520,24403],{}," do in Python?",[20,60523,60524,60525,60527],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60526,35828],{},", into a list.",[428,60529,60531],{"id":60530},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60533,60534],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[428,60536,1694,60538,896,60540,1677],{"id":60537},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60539,267],{},[15,60541,6964],{},[20,60543,60544,60546,60547,60549],{},[15,60545,267],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60548,6964],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[50,60551,1717],{"id":1716},[30,60553,60554,60558,60564,60570,60576,60582,60586],{},[33,60555,60556],{},[285,60557,59036],{"href":50617},[33,60559,60560],{},[285,60561,55159,60562,10932],{"href":56408},[15,60563,52291],{},[33,60565,60566],{},[285,60567,55159,60568,10932],{"href":52983},[15,60569,53085],{},[33,60571,60572],{},[285,60573,55159,60574,10932],{"href":53547},[15,60575,53907],{},[33,60577,60578],{},[285,60579,13,60580,18],{"href":59696},[15,60581,24403],{},[33,60583,60584],{},[285,60585,59039],{"href":58134},[33,60587,60588],{},[285,60589,60590],{"href":11677},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60592,60593,60594,60596],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60595,52291],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1751,60598,60599],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":60601},[60602,60603,60604,60605,60608,60609,60615,60616,60626,60627,60636],{"id":52,"depth":100,"text":53},{"id":14778,"depth":100,"text":14779},{"id":58931,"depth":100,"text":58932},{"id":59042,"depth":100,"text":59043,"children":60606},[60607],{"id":59244,"depth":122,"text":59245},{"id":59260,"depth":100,"text":59261},{"id":59457,"depth":100,"text":60610,"children":60611},"Create a list with list()",[60612,60613,60614],{"id":59482,"depth":122,"text":59483},{"id":59555,"depth":122,"text":59556},{"id":59620,"depth":122,"text":59621},{"id":59702,"depth":100,"text":59703},{"id":1022,"depth":100,"text":1023,"children":60617},[60618,60619,60621,60623,60624,60625],{"id":59839,"depth":122,"text":59840},{"id":59898,"depth":122,"text":60620},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60018,"depth":122,"text":60622},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60239,"depth":122,"text":60240},{"id":60324,"depth":122,"text":60325},{"id":60350,"depth":122,"text":60351},{"id":60435,"depth":100,"text":60436},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":60628},[60629,60630,60631,60633,60634],{"id":60476,"depth":122,"text":60477},{"id":60491,"depth":122,"text":60492},{"id":60518,"depth":122,"text":60632},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60530,"depth":122,"text":60531},{"id":60537,"depth":122,"text":60635},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58673,"description":60637},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60644,"title":60645,"body":60646,"description":62387,"extension":1791,"meta":62388,"navigation":346,"path":62389,"seo":62390,"stem":62391,"__hash__":62392},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60647,"toc":62342},[60648,60653,60658,60661,60663,60734,60739,60744,60748,60762,60767,60769,60789,60794,60797,60820,60824,60829,60921,60923,60945,60951,60957,60964,60971,60977,61034,61040,61098,61100,61112,61120,61126,61131,61135,61192,61195,61199,61258,61261,61265,61323,61335,61339,61392,61395,61399,61405,61411,61473,61476,61537,61540,61596,61601,61603,61607,61614,61675,61680,61689,61745,61752,61756,61814,61823,61881,61885,61920,61924,61934,61937,61992,62006,62009,62124,62129,62133,62144,62146,62225,62235,62237,62242,62247,62254,62262,62268,62271,62277,62280,62286,62292,62294,62330,62339],[10,60649,53981,60651,10932],{"id":60650},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60652,53085],{},[20,60654,60655,60657],{},[15,60656,52986],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60659,60660],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[50,60662,1833],{"id":1832},[55,60664,60666],{"className":57,"code":60665,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60667,60668,60684,60701,60705,60720,60730],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,60669,60670,60672,60674,60676,60678,60680,60682],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60671,71],{"class":70},[64,60673,75],{"class":74},[64,60675,79],{"class":78},[64,60677,83],{"class":82},[64,60679,86],{"class":78},[64,60681,89],{"class":82},[64,60683,97],{"class":78},[64,60685,60686,60689,60691,60693,60695,60697,60699],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,60687,60688],{"class":70},"more_numbers ",[64,60690,75],{"class":74},[64,60692,79],{"class":78},[64,60694,1892],{"class":82},[64,60696,86],{"class":78},[64,60698,2286],{"class":82},[64,60700,97],{"class":78},[64,60702,60703],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,60704,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,60706,60707,60709,60711,60713,60715,60718],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,60708,116],{"class":70},[64,60710,148],{"class":78},[64,60712,53115],{"class":115},[64,60714,112],{"class":78},[64,60716,60717],{"class":115},"more_numbers",[64,60719,119],{"class":78},[64,60721,60722,60724,60726,60728],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,60723,125],{"class":108},[64,60725,112],{"class":78},[64,60727,116],{"class":115},[64,60729,119],{"class":78},[64,60731,60732],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,60733,52362],{"class":136},[20,60735,1923,60736,60738],{},[15,60737,53085],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[50,60740,152,60742,155],{"id":60741},"what-listextend-does",[15,60743,52986],{},[20,60745,60746,160],{},[15,60747,53085],{},[30,60749,60750,60753,60755,60758],{},[33,60751,60752],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[33,60754,54067],{},[33,60756,60757],{},"Does not create a new list",[33,60759,11034,60760],{},[15,60761,258],{},[20,60763,60764,60765,53440],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,60766,53085],{},[50,60768,1988],{"id":1987},[55,60770,60772],{"className":57,"code":60771,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,60773,60774],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,60775,60776,60779,60781,60783,60785,60787],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60777,60778],{"class":70},"list_name",[64,60780,148],{"class":78},[64,60782,53115],{"class":115},[64,60784,112],{"class":78},[64,60786,197],{"class":115},[64,60788,119],{"class":78},[20,60790,5045,60791,60793],{},[221,60792,197],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,60795,60796],{},"Common iterables include:",[30,60798,60799,60803,60807,60811,60816],{},[33,60800,60801],{},[15,60802,7695],{},[33,60804,60805],{},[15,60806,48590],{},[33,60808,60809],{},[15,60810,5882],{},[33,60812,60813],{},[15,60814,60815],{},"string",[33,60817,60818],{},[15,60819,59639],{},[50,60821,60823],{"id":60822},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,60825,60826,60827,160],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,60828,53085],{},[55,60830,60832],{"className":57,"code":60831,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,60833,60834,60858,60883,60887,60902,60906,60916],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,60835,60836,60838,60840,60842,60844,60846,60848,60850,60852,60854,60856],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60837,35869],{"class":70},[64,60839,75],{"class":74},[64,60841,79],{"class":78},[64,60843,2686],{"class":320},[64,60845,576],{"class":329},[64,60847,2686],{"class":320},[64,60849,86],{"class":78},[64,60851,3184],{"class":320},[64,60853,585],{"class":329},[64,60855,2686],{"class":320},[64,60857,97],{"class":78},[64,60859,60860,60863,60865,60867,60869,60871,60873,60875,60877,60879,60881],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,60861,60862],{"class":70},"more_fruits ",[64,60864,75],{"class":74},[64,60866,79],{"class":78},[64,60868,2686],{"class":320},[64,60870,32847],{"class":329},[64,60872,2686],{"class":320},[64,60874,86],{"class":78},[64,60876,3184],{"class":320},[64,60878,22154],{"class":329},[64,60880,2686],{"class":320},[64,60882,97],{"class":78},[64,60884,60885],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,60886,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,60888,60889,60891,60893,60895,60897,60900],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,60890,35921],{"class":70},[64,60892,148],{"class":78},[64,60894,53115],{"class":115},[64,60896,112],{"class":78},[64,60898,60899],{"class":115},"more_fruits",[64,60901,119],{"class":78},[64,60903,60904],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,60905,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,60907,60908,60910,60912,60914],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,60909,125],{"class":108},[64,60911,112],{"class":78},[64,60913,35921],{"class":115},[64,60915,119],{"class":78},[64,60917,60918],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,60919,60920],{"class":136},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,60922,11295],{},[30,60924,60925,60930,60935],{},[33,60926,60927,60929],{},[15,60928,35921],{}," starts with two items",[33,60931,60932,60934],{},[15,60933,60899],{}," has two more items",[33,60936,60937,60939,60940,60942,60943],{},[15,60938,53085],{}," adds each item from ",[15,60941,60899],{}," to ",[15,60944,35921],{},[20,60946,60947,60948,60950],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,60949,35921],{}," contains all four items.",[20,60952,54206,60953,896,60955,148],{},[285,60954,52410],{"href":50617},[285,60956,56794],{"href":56793},[50,60958,60960,10193,60962],{"id":60959},"extend-vs-append",[15,60961,53085],{},[15,60963,52291],{},[20,60965,60966,896,60968,60970],{},[15,60967,53085],{},[15,60969,52291],{}," are often confused.",[428,60972,60974,60976],{"id":60973},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,60975,53085],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[55,60978,60980],{"className":57,"code":60979,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60981,60982,60998,61016,61020,61030],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,60983,60984,60986,60988,60990,60992,60994,60996],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,60985,71],{"class":70},[64,60987,75],{"class":74},[64,60989,79],{"class":78},[64,60991,83],{"class":82},[64,60993,86],{"class":78},[64,60995,89],{"class":82},[64,60997,97],{"class":78},[64,60999,61000,61002,61004,61006,61008,61010,61012,61014],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,61001,116],{"class":70},[64,61003,148],{"class":78},[64,61005,53115],{"class":115},[64,61007,354],{"class":78},[64,61009,1892],{"class":82},[64,61011,86],{"class":78},[64,61013,2286],{"class":82},[64,61015,381],{"class":78},[64,61017,61018],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,61019,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,61021,61022,61024,61026,61028],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,61023,125],{"class":108},[64,61025,112],{"class":78},[64,61027,116],{"class":115},[64,61029,119],{"class":78},[64,61031,61032],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,61033,52362],{"class":136},[428,61035,61037,61039],{"id":61036},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61038,52291],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[55,61041,61043],{"className":57,"code":61042,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61044,61045,61061,61079,61083,61093],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,61046,61047,61049,61051,61053,61055,61057,61059],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,61048,71],{"class":70},[64,61050,75],{"class":74},[64,61052,79],{"class":78},[64,61054,83],{"class":82},[64,61056,86],{"class":78},[64,61058,89],{"class":82},[64,61060,97],{"class":78},[64,61062,61063,61065,61067,61069,61071,61073,61075,61077],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,61064,116],{"class":70},[64,61066,148],{"class":78},[64,61068,13168],{"class":115},[64,61070,354],{"class":78},[64,61072,1892],{"class":82},[64,61074,86],{"class":78},[64,61076,2286],{"class":82},[64,61078,381],{"class":78},[64,61080,61081],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,61082,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,61084,61085,61087,61089,61091],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,61086,125],{"class":108},[64,61088,112],{"class":78},[64,61090,116],{"class":115},[64,61092,119],{"class":78},[64,61094,61095],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,61096,61097],{"class":136},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61099,18314],{},[30,61101,61102,61107],{},[33,61103,61104,61106],{},[15,61105,53085],{}," to combine values",[33,61108,61109,61111],{},[15,61110,52291],{}," to add one item",[20,61113,41727,61114,896,61118,148],{},[285,61115,55159,61116,10349],{"href":56408},[15,61117,52291],{},[285,61119,52688],{"href":52687},[50,61121,8020,61123,61125],{"id":61122},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61124,53085],{}," with different iterables",[20,61127,61128,61130],{},[15,61129,53085],{}," works with more than just lists.",[428,61132,61134],{"id":61133},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[55,61136,61138],{"className":57,"code":61137,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61139,61140,61156,61174,61178,61188],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,61141,61142,61144,61146,61148,61150,61152,61154],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,61143,304],{"class":70},[64,61145,75],{"class":74},[64,61147,79],{"class":78},[64,61149,83],{"class":82},[64,61151,86],{"class":78},[64,61153,89],{"class":82},[64,61155,97],{"class":78},[64,61157,61158,61160,61162,61164,61166,61168,61170,61172],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,61159,4951],{"class":70},[64,61161,148],{"class":78},[64,61163,53115],{"class":115},[64,61165,5104],{"class":78},[64,61167,1892],{"class":82},[64,61169,86],{"class":78},[64,61171,2286],{"class":82},[64,61173,471],{"class":78},[64,61175,61176],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,61177,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,61179,61180,61182,61184,61186],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,61181,125],{"class":108},[64,61183,112],{"class":78},[64,61185,4951],{"class":115},[64,61187,119],{"class":78},[64,61189,61190],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,61191,52362],{"class":136},[20,61193,61194],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[428,61196,61198],{"id":61197},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[55,61200,61202],{"className":57,"code":61201,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61203,61204,61220,61239,61243,61253],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,61205,61206,61208,61210,61212,61214,61216,61218],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,61207,35720],{"class":70},[64,61209,75],{"class":74},[64,61211,79],{"class":78},[64,61213,2686],{"class":320},[64,61215,285],{"class":329},[64,61217,2686],{"class":320},[64,61219,97],{"class":78},[64,61221,61222,61224,61226,61228,61230,61232,61235,61237],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,61223,35773],{"class":70},[64,61225,148],{"class":78},[64,61227,53115],{"class":115},[64,61229,112],{"class":78},[64,61231,2686],{"class":320},[64,61233,61234],{"class":329},"bc",[64,61236,2686],{"class":320},[64,61238,119],{"class":78},[64,61240,61241],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,61242,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,61244,61245,61247,61249,61251],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,61246,125],{"class":108},[64,61248,112],{"class":78},[64,61250,35773],{"class":115},[64,61252,119],{"class":78},[64,61254,61255],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,61256,61257],{"class":136},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61259,61260],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[428,61262,61264],{"id":61263},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[55,61266,61268],{"className":57,"code":61267,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61269,61270,61282,61304,61308,61318],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,61271,61272,61274,61276,61278,61280],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,61273,71],{"class":70},[64,61275,75],{"class":74},[64,61277,79],{"class":78},[64,61279,243],{"class":82},[64,61281,97],{"class":78},[64,61283,61284,61286,61288,61290,61292,61294,61296,61298,61300,61302],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,61285,116],{"class":70},[64,61287,148],{"class":78},[64,61289,53115],{"class":115},[64,61291,112],{"class":78},[64,61293,59639],{"class":108},[64,61295,112],{"class":78},[64,61297,83],{"class":82},[64,61299,86],{"class":78},[64,61301,2286],{"class":82},[64,61303,471],{"class":78},[64,61305,61306],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,61307,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,61309,61310,61312,61314,61316],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,61311,125],{"class":108},[64,61313,112],{"class":78},[64,61315,116],{"class":115},[64,61317,119],{"class":78},[64,61319,61320],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,61321,61322],{"class":136},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61324,61325,61328,61329,2020,61331,16690,61333,148],{},[15,61326,61327],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61330,83],{},[15,61332,815],{},[15,61334,1892],{},[428,61336,61338],{"id":61337},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[55,61340,61342],{"className":57,"code":61341,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61343,61344,61360,61378,61382],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,61345,61346,61348,61350,61352,61354,61356,61358],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,61347,7379],{"class":70},[64,61349,75],{"class":74},[64,61351,79],{"class":78},[64,61353,83],{"class":82},[64,61355,86],{"class":78},[64,61357,89],{"class":82},[64,61359,97],{"class":78},[64,61361,61362,61364,61366,61368,61370,61372,61374,61376],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,61363,7410],{"class":70},[64,61365,148],{"class":78},[64,61367,53115],{"class":115},[64,61369,5123],{"class":78},[64,61371,1892],{"class":82},[64,61373,86],{"class":78},[64,61375,2286],{"class":82},[64,61377,30121],{"class":78},[64,61379,61380],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,61381,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,61383,61384,61386,61388,61390],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,61385,125],{"class":108},[64,61387,112],{"class":78},[64,61389,7410],{"class":115},[64,61391,119],{"class":78},[20,61393,61394],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[50,61396,61398],{"id":61397},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61400,61401,44,61403,148],{},[15,61402,53085],{},[15,61404,258],{},[20,61406,61407,61408,160],{},"That means this is ",[221,61409,61410],{},"wrong",[55,61412,61414],{"className":57,"code":61413,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61415,61416,61432,61454,61458,61468],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,61417,61418,61420,61422,61424,61426,61428,61430],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,61419,71],{"class":70},[64,61421,75],{"class":74},[64,61423,79],{"class":78},[64,61425,83],{"class":82},[64,61427,86],{"class":78},[64,61429,89],{"class":82},[64,61431,97],{"class":78},[64,61433,61434,61436,61438,61440,61442,61444,61446,61448,61450,61452],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,61435,103],{"class":70},[64,61437,75],{"class":74},[64,61439,762],{"class":70},[64,61441,148],{"class":78},[64,61443,53115],{"class":115},[64,61445,354],{"class":78},[64,61447,1892],{"class":82},[64,61449,86],{"class":78},[64,61451,2286],{"class":82},[64,61453,381],{"class":78},[64,61455,61456],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,61457,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,61459,61460,61462,61464,61466],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,61461,125],{"class":108},[64,61463,112],{"class":78},[64,61465,130],{"class":115},[64,61467,119],{"class":78},[64,61469,61470],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,61471,61472],{"class":136},"# None\n",[20,61474,61475],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[55,61477,61479],{"className":57,"code":61478,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61480,61481,61497,61519,61523,61533],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,61482,61483,61485,61487,61489,61491,61493,61495],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,61484,71],{"class":70},[64,61486,75],{"class":74},[64,61488,79],{"class":78},[64,61490,83],{"class":82},[64,61492,86],{"class":78},[64,61494,89],{"class":82},[64,61496,97],{"class":78},[64,61498,61499,61501,61503,61505,61507,61509,61511,61513,61515,61517],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,61500,71],{"class":70},[64,61502,75],{"class":74},[64,61504,762],{"class":70},[64,61506,148],{"class":78},[64,61508,53115],{"class":115},[64,61510,354],{"class":78},[64,61512,1892],{"class":82},[64,61514,86],{"class":78},[64,61516,2286],{"class":82},[64,61518,381],{"class":78},[64,61520,61521],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,61522,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,61524,61525,61527,61529,61531],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,61526,125],{"class":108},[64,61528,112],{"class":78},[64,61530,116],{"class":115},[64,61532,119],{"class":78},[64,61534,61535],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,61536,61472],{"class":136},[20,61538,61539],{},"The correct way is:",[55,61541,61542],{"className":57,"code":60979,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,61543,61544,61560,61578,61582,61592],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,61545,61546,61548,61550,61552,61554,61556,61558],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,61547,71],{"class":70},[64,61549,75],{"class":74},[64,61551,79],{"class":78},[64,61553,83],{"class":82},[64,61555,86],{"class":78},[64,61557,89],{"class":82},[64,61559,97],{"class":78},[64,61561,61562,61564,61566,61568,61570,61572,61574,61576],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,61563,116],{"class":70},[64,61565,148],{"class":78},[64,61567,53115],{"class":115},[64,61569,354],{"class":78},[64,61571,1892],{"class":82},[64,61573,86],{"class":78},[64,61575,2286],{"class":82},[64,61577,381],{"class":78},[64,61579,61580],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,61581,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,61583,61584,61586,61588,61590],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,61585,125],{"class":108},[64,61587,112],{"class":78},[64,61589,116],{"class":115},[64,61591,119],{"class":78},[64,61593,61594],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,61595,52362],{"class":136},[20,61597,55548,61598,61600],{},[15,61599,53085],{}," first, then use the original list.",[50,61602,1023],{"id":1022},[20,61604,14349,61605,148],{},[15,61606,53085],{},[428,61608,61610,61611,61613],{"id":61609},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61612,53085],{}," to return a new list",[55,61615,61617],{"className":57,"code":61616,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61618,61619,61635,61657,61661,61671],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,61620,61621,61623,61625,61627,61629,61631,61633],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,61622,71],{"class":70},[64,61624,75],{"class":74},[64,61626,79],{"class":78},[64,61628,83],{"class":82},[64,61630,86],{"class":78},[64,61632,89],{"class":82},[64,61634,97],{"class":78},[64,61636,61637,61639,61641,61643,61645,61647,61649,61651,61653,61655],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,61638,55281],{"class":70},[64,61640,75],{"class":74},[64,61642,762],{"class":70},[64,61644,148],{"class":78},[64,61646,53115],{"class":115},[64,61648,354],{"class":78},[64,61650,1892],{"class":82},[64,61652,86],{"class":78},[64,61654,2286],{"class":82},[64,61656,381],{"class":78},[64,61658,61659],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,61660,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,61662,61663,61665,61667,61669],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,61664,125],{"class":108},[64,61666,112],{"class":78},[64,61668,55300],{"class":115},[64,61670,119],{"class":78},[64,61672,61673],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,61674,61472],{"class":136},[20,61676,61677,61678,148],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61679,53085],{},[428,61681,61683,61684,44265,61686,61688],{"id":61682},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61685,52291],{},[15,61687,53085],{}," is needed",[55,61690,61691],{"className":57,"code":61042,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,61692,61693,61709,61727,61731,61741],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,61694,61695,61697,61699,61701,61703,61705,61707],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,61696,71],{"class":70},[64,61698,75],{"class":74},[64,61700,79],{"class":78},[64,61702,83],{"class":82},[64,61704,86],{"class":78},[64,61706,89],{"class":82},[64,61708,97],{"class":78},[64,61710,61711,61713,61715,61717,61719,61721,61723,61725],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,61712,116],{"class":70},[64,61714,148],{"class":78},[64,61716,13168],{"class":115},[64,61718,354],{"class":78},[64,61720,1892],{"class":82},[64,61722,86],{"class":78},[64,61724,2286],{"class":82},[64,61726,381],{"class":78},[64,61728,61729],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,61730,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,61732,61733,61735,61737,61739],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,61734,125],{"class":108},[64,61736,112],{"class":78},[64,61738,116],{"class":115},[64,61740,119],{"class":78},[64,61742,61743],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,61744,61097],{"class":136},[20,61746,61747,61748,53530,61750,6228],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61749,53529],{},[15,61751,53085],{},[428,61753,61755],{"id":61754},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[55,61757,61759],{"className":57,"code":61758,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61760,61761,61777,61795,61799,61809],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,61762,61763,61765,61767,61769,61771,61773,61775],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,61764,567],{"class":70},[64,61766,75],{"class":74},[64,61768,79],{"class":78},[64,61770,2686],{"class":320},[64,61772,330],{"class":329},[64,61774,2686],{"class":320},[64,61776,97],{"class":78},[64,61778,61779,61781,61783,61785,61787,61789,61791,61793],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,61780,611],{"class":70},[64,61782,148],{"class":78},[64,61784,53115],{"class":115},[64,61786,112],{"class":78},[64,61788,2686],{"class":320},[64,61790,60232],{"class":329},[64,61792,2686],{"class":320},[64,61794,119],{"class":78},[64,61796,61797],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,61798,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,61800,61801,61803,61805,61807],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,61802,125],{"class":108},[64,61804,112],{"class":78},[64,61806,611],{"class":115},[64,61808,119],{"class":78},[64,61810,61811],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,61812,61813],{"class":136},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,61815,61816,61817,61820,61821,160],{},"If you want ",[15,61818,61819],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,61822,52291],{},[55,61824,61826],{"className":57,"code":61825,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61827,61828,61844,61862,61866,61876],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,61829,61830,61832,61834,61836,61838,61840,61842],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,61831,567],{"class":70},[64,61833,75],{"class":74},[64,61835,79],{"class":78},[64,61837,2686],{"class":320},[64,61839,330],{"class":329},[64,61841,2686],{"class":320},[64,61843,97],{"class":78},[64,61845,61846,61848,61850,61852,61854,61856,61858,61860],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,61847,611],{"class":70},[64,61849,148],{"class":78},[64,61851,13168],{"class":115},[64,61853,112],{"class":78},[64,61855,2686],{"class":320},[64,61857,60232],{"class":329},[64,61859,2686],{"class":320},[64,61861,119],{"class":78},[64,61863,61864],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,61865,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,61867,61868,61870,61872,61874],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,61869,125],{"class":108},[64,61871,112],{"class":78},[64,61873,611],{"class":115},[64,61875,119],{"class":78},[64,61877,61878],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,61879,61880],{"class":136},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[428,61882,61884],{"id":61883},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[55,61886,61888],{"className":57,"code":61887,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,61889,61890,61906],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,61891,61892,61894,61896,61898,61900,61902,61904],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,61893,71],{"class":70},[64,61895,75],{"class":74},[64,61897,79],{"class":78},[64,61899,83],{"class":82},[64,61901,86],{"class":78},[64,61903,89],{"class":82},[64,61905,97],{"class":78},[64,61907,61908,61910,61912,61914,61916,61918],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,61909,116],{"class":70},[64,61911,148],{"class":78},[64,61913,53115],{"class":115},[64,61915,112],{"class":78},[64,61917,1107],{"class":82},[64,61919,119],{"class":78},[20,61921,39286,61922,6148],{},[15,61923,1107],{},[20,61925,61926,61927,61929,61930,61933],{},"You will get a ",[15,61928,2835],{},". See ",[285,61931,61932],{"href":52238},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,61935,61936],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[55,61938,61940],{"className":57,"code":61939,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61941,61942,61952,61966,61978],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,61943,61944,61946,61948,61950],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,61945,125],{"class":108},[64,61947,112],{"class":78},[64,61949,7941],{"class":115},[64,61951,119],{"class":78},[64,61953,61954,61956,61958,61960,61962,61964],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,61955,125],{"class":108},[64,61957,112],{"class":78},[64,61959,3052],{"class":357},[64,61961,112],{"class":78},[64,61963,4951],{"class":115},[64,61965,471],{"class":78},[64,61967,61968,61970,61972,61974,61976],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,61969,125],{"class":108},[64,61971,112],{"class":78},[64,61973,130],{"class":115},[64,61975,133],{"class":78},[64,61977,119],{"class":70},[64,61979,61980,61982,61984,61986,61988,61990],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,61981,31778],{"class":108},[64,61983,112],{"class":78},[64,61985,7695],{"class":357},[64,61987,148],{"class":78},[64,61989,53115],{"class":24372},[64,61991,119],{"class":78},[43215,61993,61994],{},[20,61995,61996,61997,62000,62001,62003,62004,148],{},"Note: ",[15,61998,61999],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62002,133],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62005,32653],{},[20,62007,62008],{},"Correct debugging example:",[55,62010,62012],{"className":57,"code":62011,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62013,62014,62030,62046,62050,62064,62068,62076,62086,62100,62110],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,62015,62016,62018,62020,62022,62024,62026,62028],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,62017,7910],{"class":70},[64,62019,75],{"class":74},[64,62021,79],{"class":78},[64,62023,83],{"class":82},[64,62025,86],{"class":78},[64,62027,89],{"class":82},[64,62029,97],{"class":78},[64,62031,62032,62034,62036,62038,62040,62042,62044],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,62033,304],{"class":70},[64,62035,75],{"class":74},[64,62037,79],{"class":78},[64,62039,1892],{"class":82},[64,62041,86],{"class":78},[64,62043,2286],{"class":82},[64,62045,97],{"class":78},[64,62047,62048],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,62049,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,62051,62052,62054,62056,62058,62060,62062],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,62053,7941],{"class":70},[64,62055,148],{"class":78},[64,62057,53115],{"class":115},[64,62059,112],{"class":78},[64,62061,4951],{"class":115},[64,62063,119],{"class":78},[64,62065,62066],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,62067,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,62069,62070,62072,62074],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,62071,103],{"class":70},[64,62073,75],{"class":74},[64,62075,48164],{"class":338},[64,62077,62078,62080,62082,62084],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,62079,125],{"class":108},[64,62081,112],{"class":78},[64,62083,7941],{"class":115},[64,62085,119],{"class":78},[64,62087,62088,62090,62092,62094,62096,62098],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,62089,125],{"class":108},[64,62091,112],{"class":78},[64,62093,3052],{"class":357},[64,62095,112],{"class":78},[64,62097,4951],{"class":115},[64,62099,471],{"class":78},[64,62101,62102,62104,62106,62108],{"class":66,"line":6028},[64,62103,125],{"class":108},[64,62105,112],{"class":78},[64,62107,130],{"class":115},[64,62109,119],{"class":78},[64,62111,62112,62114,62116,62118,62120,62122],{"class":66,"line":6033},[64,62113,31778],{"class":108},[64,62115,112],{"class":78},[64,62117,7695],{"class":357},[64,62119,148],{"class":78},[64,62121,53115],{"class":24372},[64,62123,119],{"class":78},[50,62125,1471,62127],{"id":62126},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62128,53085],{},[20,62130,1923,62131,5913],{},[15,62132,53085],{},[30,62134,62135,62138,62141],{},[33,62136,62137],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[33,62139,62140],{},"Add multiple values at once",[33,62142,62143],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62145,5065],{},[55,62147,62149],{"className":57,"code":62148,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62150,62151,62168,62186,62190,62206,62210,62220],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,62152,62153,62156,62158,62160,62162,62164,62166],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,62154,62155],{"class":70},"all_scores ",[64,62157,75],{"class":74},[64,62159,79],{"class":78},[64,62161,13117],{"class":82},[64,62163,86],{"class":78},[64,62165,13122],{"class":82},[64,62167,97],{"class":78},[64,62169,62170,62173,62175,62177,62179,62181,62184],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,62171,62172],{"class":70},"new_scores ",[64,62174,75],{"class":74},[64,62176,79],{"class":78},[64,62178,51143],{"class":82},[64,62180,86],{"class":78},[64,62182,62183],{"class":82}," 92",[64,62185,97],{"class":78},[64,62187,62188],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,62189,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,62191,62192,62195,62197,62199,62201,62204],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,62193,62194],{"class":70},"all_scores",[64,62196,148],{"class":78},[64,62198,53115],{"class":115},[64,62200,112],{"class":78},[64,62202,62203],{"class":115},"new_scores",[64,62205,119],{"class":78},[64,62207,62208],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,62209,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,62211,62212,62214,62216,62218],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,62213,125],{"class":108},[64,62215,112],{"class":78},[64,62217,62194],{"class":115},[64,62219,119],{"class":78},[64,62221,62222],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,62223,62224],{"class":136},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62226,62227,62228,62230,62231,148],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62229,52291],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[285,62232,55159,62233,10349],{"href":53547},[15,62234,53907],{},[50,62236,1651],{"id":1650},[428,62238,12317,62240,55108],{"id":62239},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62241,52986],{},[20,62243,62244,62245,148],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62246,258],{},[428,62248,1694,62250,896,62252,1677],{"id":62249},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62251,53085],{},[15,62253,52291],{},[20,62255,62256,62258,62259,62261],{},[15,62257,53085],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62260,52291],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[428,62263,27952,62265,62267],{"id":62264},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62266,53085],{}," with a string?",[20,62269,62270],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[428,62272,27952,62274,62276],{"id":62273},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62275,53085],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62278,62279],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[428,62281,62283,62284,1677],{"id":62282},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62285,53085],{},[20,62287,62288,62289,62291],{},"You get a ",[15,62290,2835],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[50,62293,1717],{"id":1716},[30,62295,62296,62302,62306,62310,62314,62320,62324],{},[33,62297,62298],{},[285,62299,55159,62300,10349],{"href":56408},[15,62301,52291],{},[33,62303,62304],{},[285,62305,53917],{"href":52687},[33,62307,62308],{},[285,62309,56868],{"href":56793},[33,62311,62312],{},[285,62313,52410],{"href":50617},[33,62315,62316],{},[285,62317,55159,62318,10349],{"href":53547},[15,62319,53907],{},[33,62321,62322],{},[285,62323,61932],{"href":52238},[33,62325,62326],{},[285,62327,55159,62328,10349],{"href":54599},[15,62329,12390],{},[20,62331,62332,62333,62335,62336,62338],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62334,52291],{},", when to use ",[15,62337,53907],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1751,62340,62341],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":62343},[62344,62345,62347,62348,62349,62356,62363,62364,62372,62374,62386],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":60741,"depth":100,"text":62346},"What list.extend() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":60822,"depth":100,"text":60823},{"id":60959,"depth":100,"text":62350,"children":62351},"extend() vs append()",[62352,62354],{"id":60973,"depth":122,"text":62353},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61036,"depth":122,"text":62355},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61122,"depth":100,"text":62357,"children":62358},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62359,62360,62361,62362],{"id":61133,"depth":122,"text":61134},{"id":61197,"depth":122,"text":61198},{"id":61263,"depth":122,"text":61264},{"id":61337,"depth":122,"text":61338},{"id":61397,"depth":100,"text":61398},{"id":1022,"depth":100,"text":1023,"children":62365},[62366,62368,62370,62371],{"id":61609,"depth":122,"text":62367},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61682,"depth":122,"text":62369},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61754,"depth":122,"text":61755},{"id":61883,"depth":122,"text":61884},{"id":62126,"depth":100,"text":62373},"When to use extend()",{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":62375},[62376,62378,62380,62382,62384],{"id":62239,"depth":122,"text":62377},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62249,"depth":122,"text":62379},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62264,"depth":122,"text":62381},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62273,"depth":122,"text":62383},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62282,"depth":122,"text":62385},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60645,"description":62387},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62394,"title":62395,"body":62396,"description":64487,"extension":1791,"meta":64488,"navigation":346,"path":64489,"seo":64490,"stem":64491,"__hash__":64492},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62397,"toc":64450},[62398,62401,62406,62412,62423,62429,62431,62500,62502,62551,62559,62563,62568,62571,62582,62587,62589,62591,62612,62625,62628,62641,62643,62648,62673,62675,62683,62686,62755,62757,62781,62787,62791,62795,62831,62833,62853,62860,62864,62897,62899,62933,62938,62942,62975,62977,63005,63013,63017,63054,63056,63077,63080,63084,63153,63155,63179,63185,63192,63196,63199,63201,63215,63218,63242,63244,63269,63272,63291,63293,63319,63328,63332,63339,63416,63418,63459,63465,63471,63562,63564,63620,63623,63628,63632,63637,63641,63700,63702,63727,63731,63794,63796,63821,63825,63888,63890,63933,63936,63940,63944,63966,63970,64052,64054,64089,64097,64099,64103,64107,64109,64136,64141,64143,64170,64177,64180,64203,64205,64254,64257,64260,64279,64283,64286,64337,64340,64346,64350,64355,64358,64360,64366,64375,64379,64385,64389,64392,64396,64399,64403,64409,64411,64447],[10,62399,62395],{"id":62400},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62402,8728,62403,62405],{},[15,62404,24403],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62407,62408,62409,62411],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62410,24403],{}," for two main reasons:",[30,62413,62414,62417],{},[33,62415,62416],{},"to make an empty list",[33,62418,62419,62420,62422],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62421,59639],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62424,62425,62426,62428],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62427,24403],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[50,62430,1833],{"id":1832},[55,62432,62434],{"className":57,"code":62433,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62435,62436,62458,62476,62480,62490],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,62437,62438,62440,62442,62444,62446,62448,62450,62452,62454,62456],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,62439,71],{"class":70},[64,62441,75],{"class":74},[64,62443,22181],{"class":357},[64,62445,5104],{"class":78},[64,62447,83],{"class":82},[64,62449,86],{"class":78},[64,62451,89],{"class":82},[64,62453,86],{"class":78},[64,62455,94],{"class":82},[64,62457,471],{"class":78},[64,62459,62460,62462,62464,62466,62468,62470,62472,62474],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,62461,35720],{"class":70},[64,62463,75],{"class":74},[64,62465,22181],{"class":357},[64,62467,112],{"class":78},[64,62469,2686],{"class":320},[64,62471,41194],{"class":329},[64,62473,2686],{"class":320},[64,62475,119],{"class":78},[64,62477,62478],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,62479,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,62481,62482,62484,62486,62488],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,62483,125],{"class":108},[64,62485,112],{"class":78},[64,62487,116],{"class":115},[64,62489,119],{"class":78},[64,62491,62492,62494,62496,62498],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,62493,125],{"class":108},[64,62495,112],{"class":78},[64,62497,35773],{"class":115},[64,62499,119],{"class":78},[20,62501,384],{},[55,62503,62505],{"className":57,"code":62504,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62506,62507,62523],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,62508,62509,62511,62513,62515,62517,62519,62521],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,62510,394],{"class":78},[64,62512,83],{"class":82},[64,62514,86],{"class":78},[64,62516,89],{"class":82},[64,62518,86],{"class":78},[64,62520,94],{"class":82},[64,62522,97],{"class":78},[64,62524,62525,62527,62529,62531,62533,62535,62537,62539,62541,62543,62545,62547,62549],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,62526,394],{"class":78},[64,62528,333],{"class":320},[64,62530,285],{"class":329},[64,62532,333],{"class":320},[64,62534,86],{"class":78},[64,62536,326],{"class":320},[64,62538,1269],{"class":329},[64,62540,333],{"class":320},[64,62542,86],{"class":78},[64,62544,326],{"class":320},[64,62546,9346],{"class":329},[64,62548,333],{"class":320},[64,62550,97],{"class":78},[20,62552,1923,62553,62555,62556,62558],{},[15,62554,24403],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62557,59639],{},", set, or dictionary.",[50,62560,62562],{"id":62561},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62564,62565,62567],{},[15,62566,24403],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62569,62570],{},"It can:",[30,62572,62573,62576,62579],{},[33,62574,62575],{},"create a new list object",[33,62577,62578],{},"make an empty list",[33,62580,62581],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62583,62584,62585,148],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[285,62586,52410],{"href":50617},[50,62588,1988],{"id":1987},[20,62590,26110],{},[55,62592,62594],{"className":57,"code":62593,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62595,62596,62602],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,62597,62598,62600],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,62599,7695],{"class":357},[64,62601,8247],{"class":78},[64,62603,62604,62606,62608,62610],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,62605,7695],{"class":357},[64,62607,112],{"class":78},[64,62609,197],{"class":115},[64,62611,119],{"class":78},[30,62613,62614,62619],{},[33,62615,62616,62618],{},[15,62617,24403],{}," makes an empty list",[33,62620,62621,62624],{},[15,62622,62623],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62626,62627],{},"Common iterable values include:",[30,62629,62630,62632,62634,62636,62639],{},[33,62631,4901],{},[33,62633,4895],{},[33,62635,4898],{},[33,62637,62638],{},"ranges",[33,62640,6849],{},[50,62642,59261],{"id":59260},[20,62644,1923,62645,62647],{},[15,62646,24403],{}," with no arguments:",[55,62649,62651],{"className":57,"code":62650,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62652,62653,62663],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,62654,62655,62657,62659,62661],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,62656,7379],{"class":70},[64,62658,75],{"class":74},[64,62660,22181],{"class":357},[64,62662,8247],{"class":78},[64,62664,62665,62667,62669,62671],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,62666,125],{"class":108},[64,62668,112],{"class":78},[64,62670,7410],{"class":115},[64,62672,119],{"class":78},[20,62674,384],{},[55,62676,62677],{"className":57,"code":37929,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,62678,62679],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,62680,62681],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,62682,37929],{"class":78},[20,62684,62685],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[55,62687,62689],{"className":57,"code":62688,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62690,62691,62701,62705,62723,62741,62745],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,62692,62693,62695,62697,62699],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,62694,7379],{"class":70},[64,62696,75],{"class":74},[64,62698,22181],{"class":357},[64,62700,8247],{"class":78},[64,62702,62703],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,62704,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,62706,62707,62709,62711,62713,62715,62717,62719,62721],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,62708,7410],{"class":70},[64,62710,148],{"class":78},[64,62712,13168],{"class":115},[64,62714,112],{"class":78},[64,62716,2686],{"class":320},[64,62718,576],{"class":329},[64,62720,2686],{"class":320},[64,62722,119],{"class":78},[64,62724,62725,62727,62729,62731,62733,62735,62737,62739],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,62726,7410],{"class":70},[64,62728,148],{"class":78},[64,62730,13168],{"class":115},[64,62732,112],{"class":78},[64,62734,2686],{"class":320},[64,62736,585],{"class":329},[64,62738,2686],{"class":320},[64,62740,119],{"class":78},[64,62742,62743],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,62744,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,62746,62747,62749,62751,62753],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,62748,125],{"class":108},[64,62750,112],{"class":78},[64,62752,7410],{"class":115},[64,62754,119],{"class":78},[20,62756,384],{},[55,62758,62759],{"className":57,"code":38055,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,62760,62761],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,62762,62763,62765,62767,62769,62771,62773,62775,62777,62779],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,62764,394],{"class":78},[64,62766,333],{"class":320},[64,62768,576],{"class":329},[64,62770,333],{"class":320},[64,62772,86],{"class":78},[64,62774,326],{"class":320},[64,62776,585],{"class":329},[64,62778,333],{"class":320},[64,62780,97],{"class":78},[20,62782,62783,62784,62786],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,62785,267],{},". Both are valid.",[50,62788,62790],{"id":62789},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[428,62792,62794],{"id":62793},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[55,62796,62797],{"className":57,"code":59559,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,62798,62799,62821],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,62800,62801,62803,62805,62807,62809,62811,62813,62815,62817,62819],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,62802,71],{"class":70},[64,62804,75],{"class":74},[64,62806,22181],{"class":357},[64,62808,5104],{"class":78},[64,62810,83],{"class":82},[64,62812,86],{"class":78},[64,62814,89],{"class":82},[64,62816,86],{"class":78},[64,62818,94],{"class":82},[64,62820,471],{"class":78},[64,62822,62823,62825,62827,62829],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,62824,125],{"class":108},[64,62826,112],{"class":78},[64,62828,116],{"class":115},[64,62830,119],{"class":78},[20,62832,384],{},[55,62834,62835],{"className":57,"code":54789,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,62836,62837],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,62838,62839,62841,62843,62845,62847,62849,62851],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,62840,394],{"class":78},[64,62842,83],{"class":82},[64,62844,86],{"class":78},[64,62846,89],{"class":82},[64,62848,86],{"class":78},[64,62850,94],{"class":82},[64,62852,97],{"class":78},[20,62854,62855,62856,148],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[285,62857,62859],{"href":62858},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[428,62861,62863],{"id":62862},"string-to-list","String to list",[55,62865,62867],{"className":57,"code":62866,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62868,62869,62887],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,62870,62871,62873,62875,62877,62879,62881,62883,62885],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,62872,35720],{"class":70},[64,62874,75],{"class":74},[64,62876,22181],{"class":357},[64,62878,112],{"class":78},[64,62880,2686],{"class":320},[64,62882,36678],{"class":329},[64,62884,2686],{"class":320},[64,62886,119],{"class":78},[64,62888,62889,62891,62893,62895],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,62890,125],{"class":108},[64,62892,112],{"class":78},[64,62894,35773],{"class":115},[64,62896,119],{"class":78},[20,62898,384],{},[55,62900,62902],{"className":57,"code":62901,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,62903,62904],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,62905,62906,62908,62910,62912,62914,62916,62918,62920,62922,62924,62926,62929,62931],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,62907,394],{"class":78},[64,62909,333],{"class":320},[64,62911,9346],{"class":329},[64,62913,333],{"class":320},[64,62915,86],{"class":78},[64,62917,326],{"class":320},[64,62919,285],{"class":329},[64,62921,333],{"class":320},[64,62923,86],{"class":78},[64,62925,326],{"class":320},[64,62927,62928],{"class":329},"t",[64,62930,333],{"class":320},[64,62932,97],{"class":78},[20,62934,62935,62937],{},[15,62936,24403],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[428,62939,62941],{"id":62940},"range-to-list","Range to list",[55,62943,62945],{"className":57,"code":62944,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,62946,62947,62965],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,62948,62949,62951,62953,62955,62957,62959,62961,62963],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,62950,71],{"class":70},[64,62952,75],{"class":74},[64,62954,22181],{"class":357},[64,62956,112],{"class":78},[64,62958,59639],{"class":108},[64,62960,112],{"class":78},[64,62962,1107],{"class":82},[64,62964,471],{"class":78},[64,62966,62967,62969,62971,62973],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,62968,125],{"class":108},[64,62970,112],{"class":78},[64,62972,116],{"class":115},[64,62974,119],{"class":78},[20,62976,384],{},[55,62978,62979],{"className":57,"code":59662,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,62980,62981],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,62982,62983,62985,62987,62989,62991,62993,62995,62997,62999,63001,63003],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,62984,394],{"class":78},[64,62986,243],{"class":82},[64,62988,86],{"class":78},[64,62990,5091],{"class":82},[64,62992,86],{"class":78},[64,62994,89],{"class":82},[64,62996,86],{"class":78},[64,62998,94],{"class":82},[64,63000,86],{"class":78},[64,63002,2286],{"class":82},[64,63004,97],{"class":78},[20,63006,63007,63008,63012],{},"This is common when working with ",[285,63009,63010],{"href":35825},[15,63011,35828],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[428,63014,63016],{"id":63015},"set-to-list","Set to list",[55,63018,63020],{"className":57,"code":63019,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63021,63022,63044],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,63023,63024,63026,63028,63030,63032,63034,63036,63038,63040,63042],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63025,304],{"class":70},[64,63027,75],{"class":74},[64,63029,22181],{"class":357},[64,63031,5123],{"class":78},[64,63033,2160],{"class":82},[64,63035,86],{"class":78},[64,63037,7390],{"class":82},[64,63039,86],{"class":78},[64,63041,7395],{"class":82},[64,63043,30121],{"class":78},[64,63045,63046,63048,63050,63052],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,63047,125],{"class":108},[64,63049,112],{"class":78},[64,63051,4951],{"class":115},[64,63053,119],{"class":78},[20,63055,16576],{},[55,63057,63059],{"className":57,"code":63058,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63060,63061],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,63062,63063,63065,63067,63069,63071,63073,63075],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63064,394],{"class":78},[64,63066,2160],{"class":82},[64,63068,86],{"class":78},[64,63070,7390],{"class":82},[64,63072,86],{"class":78},[64,63074,7395],{"class":82},[64,63076,97],{"class":78},[20,63078,63079],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[428,63081,63083],{"id":63082},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[55,63085,63087],{"className":57,"code":63086,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63088,63089,63125,63139,63143],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,63090,63091,63093,63095,63097,63099,63101,63103,63105,63107,63109,63111,63113,63115,63117,63119,63121,63123],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63092,12819],{"class":70},[64,63094,75],{"class":74},[64,63096,10098],{"class":78},[64,63098,2686],{"class":320},[64,63100,7267],{"class":329},[64,63102,2686],{"class":320},[64,63104,160],{"class":78},[64,63106,3184],{"class":320},[64,63108,12494],{"class":329},[64,63110,2686],{"class":320},[64,63112,86],{"class":78},[64,63114,3184],{"class":320},[64,63116,8905],{"class":329},[64,63118,2686],{"class":320},[64,63120,160],{"class":78},[64,63122,8912],{"class":82},[64,63124,8915],{"class":78},[64,63126,63127,63129,63131,63133,63135,63137],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,63128,103],{"class":70},[64,63130,75],{"class":74},[64,63132,22181],{"class":357},[64,63134,112],{"class":78},[64,63136,16925],{"class":115},[64,63138,119],{"class":78},[64,63140,63141],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,63142,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,63144,63145,63147,63149,63151],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,63146,125],{"class":108},[64,63148,112],{"class":78},[64,63150,130],{"class":115},[64,63152,119],{"class":78},[20,63154,384],{},[55,63156,63157],{"className":57,"code":25103,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,63158,63159],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,63160,63161,63163,63165,63167,63169,63171,63173,63175,63177],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63162,394],{"class":78},[64,63164,333],{"class":320},[64,63166,7267],{"class":329},[64,63168,333],{"class":320},[64,63170,86],{"class":78},[64,63172,326],{"class":320},[64,63174,8905],{"class":329},[64,63176,333],{"class":320},[64,63178,97],{"class":78},[20,63180,63181,63182,63184],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63183,24403],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63186,63187,63188,148],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[285,63189,63191],{"href":63190},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[50,63193,63195],{"id":63194},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63197,63198],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63200,60796],{},[30,63202,63203,63205,63207,63209,63211,63213],{},[33,63204,4892],{},[33,63206,4895],{},[33,63208,4901],{},[33,63210,4898],{},[33,63212,62638],{},[33,63214,6849],{},[20,63216,63217],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[55,63219,63221],{"className":57,"code":63220,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63222,63223],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,63224,63225,63227,63229,63231,63233,63235,63238,63240],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63226,125],{"class":108},[64,63228,112],{"class":78},[64,63230,7695],{"class":357},[64,63232,112],{"class":78},[64,63234,2686],{"class":320},[64,63236,63237],{"class":329},"hi",[64,63239,2686],{"class":320},[64,63241,471],{"class":78},[20,63243,384],{},[55,63245,63247],{"className":57,"code":63246,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63248,63249],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,63250,63251,63253,63255,63257,63259,63261,63263,63265,63267],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63252,394],{"class":78},[64,63254,333],{"class":320},[64,63256,60079],{"class":329},[64,63258,333],{"class":320},[64,63260,86],{"class":78},[64,63262,326],{"class":320},[64,63264,35784],{"class":329},[64,63266,333],{"class":320},[64,63268,97],{"class":78},[20,63270,63271],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[55,63273,63275],{"className":57,"code":63274,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63276,63277],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,63278,63279,63281,63283,63285,63287,63289],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63280,125],{"class":108},[64,63282,112],{"class":78},[64,63284,7695],{"class":357},[64,63286,112],{"class":78},[64,63288,1107],{"class":82},[64,63290,471],{"class":78},[20,63292,384],{},[55,63294,63296],{"className":57,"code":63295,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63297,63298],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,63299,63300,63302,63304,63306,63308,63310,63312,63314,63316],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63301,2835],{"class":357},[64,63303,160],{"class":78},[64,63305,326],{"class":320},[64,63307,2019],{"class":329},[64,63309,333],{"class":320},[64,63311,24239],{"class":357},[64,63313,7698],{"class":74},[64,63315,7701],{"class":74},[64,63317,63318],{"class":70}," iterable\n",[20,63320,63321,63322,63324,63325,148],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[285,63323,1647],{"href":5180},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[285,63326,63327],{"href":52238},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[50,63329,63331],{"id":63330},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63333,63334,63335,63338],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63336,63337],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[55,63340,63342],{"className":57,"code":63341,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63343,63344,63364,63378,63382,63392,63402],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,63345,63346,63348,63350,63352,63354,63356,63358,63360,63362],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63347,11698],{"class":70},[64,63349,75],{"class":74},[64,63351,79],{"class":78},[64,63353,83],{"class":82},[64,63355,86],{"class":78},[64,63357,89],{"class":82},[64,63359,86],{"class":78},[64,63361,94],{"class":82},[64,63363,97],{"class":78},[64,63365,63366,63368,63370,63372,63374,63376],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,63367,13927],{"class":70},[64,63369,75],{"class":74},[64,63371,22181],{"class":357},[64,63373,112],{"class":78},[64,63375,11745],{"class":115},[64,63377,119],{"class":78},[64,63379,63380],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,63381,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,63383,63384,63386,63388,63390],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,63385,125],{"class":108},[64,63387,112],{"class":78},[64,63389,11745],{"class":115},[64,63391,119],{"class":78},[64,63393,63394,63396,63398,63400],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,63395,125],{"class":108},[64,63397,112],{"class":78},[64,63399,13946],{"class":115},[64,63401,119],{"class":78},[64,63403,63404,63406,63408,63410,63412,63414],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,63405,125],{"class":108},[64,63407,112],{"class":78},[64,63409,11698],{"class":115},[64,63411,11806],{"class":368},[64,63413,14000],{"class":115},[64,63415,119],{"class":78},[20,63417,384],{},[55,63419,63421],{"className":57,"code":63420,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63422,63423,63439,63455],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,63424,63425,63427,63429,63431,63433,63435,63437],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63426,394],{"class":78},[64,63428,83],{"class":82},[64,63430,86],{"class":78},[64,63432,89],{"class":82},[64,63434,86],{"class":78},[64,63436,94],{"class":82},[64,63438,97],{"class":78},[64,63440,63441,63443,63445,63447,63449,63451,63453],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,63442,394],{"class":78},[64,63444,83],{"class":82},[64,63446,86],{"class":78},[64,63448,89],{"class":82},[64,63450,86],{"class":78},[64,63452,94],{"class":82},[64,63454,97],{"class":78},[64,63456,63457],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,63458,537],{"class":338},[20,63460,63461,63462,63464],{},"This means ",[15,63463,13946],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63466,63467,63468,63470],{},"However, this is only a ",[221,63469,12464],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[55,63472,63474],{"className":57,"code":63473,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63475,63476,63502,63516,63520,63538,63542,63552],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,63477,63478,63480,63482,63484,63486,63488,63490,63492,63494,63496,63498,63500],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63479,11698],{"class":70},[64,63481,75],{"class":74},[64,63483,55933],{"class":78},[64,63485,83],{"class":82},[64,63487,86],{"class":78},[64,63489,89],{"class":82},[64,63491,17681],{"class":78},[64,63493,79],{"class":78},[64,63495,1892],{"class":82},[64,63497,86],{"class":78},[64,63499,2286],{"class":82},[64,63501,52881],{"class":78},[64,63503,63504,63506,63508,63510,63512,63514],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,63505,13927],{"class":70},[64,63507,75],{"class":74},[64,63509,22181],{"class":357},[64,63511,112],{"class":78},[64,63513,11745],{"class":115},[64,63515,119],{"class":78},[64,63517,63518],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,63519,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,63521,63522,63524,63526,63528,63530,63532,63534,63536],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,63523,13946],{"class":70},[64,63525,394],{"class":78},[64,63527,243],{"class":82},[64,63529,13165],{"class":78},[64,63531,13168],{"class":115},[64,63533,112],{"class":78},[64,63535,55986],{"class":82},[64,63537,119],{"class":78},[64,63539,63540],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,63541,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,63543,63544,63546,63548,63550],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,63545,125],{"class":108},[64,63547,112],{"class":78},[64,63549,11745],{"class":115},[64,63551,119],{"class":78},[64,63553,63554,63556,63558,63560],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,63555,125],{"class":108},[64,63557,112],{"class":78},[64,63559,13946],{"class":115},[64,63561,119],{"class":78},[20,63563,384],{},[55,63565,63566],{"className":57,"code":56017,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,63567,63568,63594],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,63569,63570,63572,63574,63576,63578,63580,63582,63584,63586,63588,63590,63592],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63571,56024],{"class":78},[64,63573,83],{"class":82},[64,63575,86],{"class":78},[64,63577,89],{"class":82},[64,63579,86],{"class":78},[64,63581,9804],{"class":82},[64,63583,17681],{"class":78},[64,63585,79],{"class":78},[64,63587,1892],{"class":82},[64,63589,86],{"class":78},[64,63591,2286],{"class":82},[64,63593,52881],{"class":78},[64,63595,63596,63598,63600,63602,63604,63606,63608,63610,63612,63614,63616,63618],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,63597,56024],{"class":78},[64,63599,83],{"class":82},[64,63601,86],{"class":78},[64,63603,89],{"class":82},[64,63605,86],{"class":78},[64,63607,9804],{"class":82},[64,63609,17681],{"class":78},[64,63611,79],{"class":78},[64,63613,1892],{"class":82},[64,63615,86],{"class":78},[64,63617,2286],{"class":82},[64,63619,52881],{"class":78},[20,63621,63622],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63624,63625,63626,148],{},"For more on this, see ",[285,63627,13406],{"href":13405},[50,63629,63631],{"id":63630},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63633,63634,63635,148],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63636,24403],{},[428,63638,63640],{"id":63639},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[55,63642,63644],{"className":57,"code":63643,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63645,63646,63686],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,63647,63648,63650,63652,63654,63656,63658,63660,63662,63664,63666,63668,63670,63672,63674,63676,63678,63680,63682,63684],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63649,12477],{"class":70},[64,63651,75],{"class":74},[64,63653,10098],{"class":78},[64,63655,2686],{"class":320},[64,63657,7267],{"class":329},[64,63659,2686],{"class":320},[64,63661,160],{"class":78},[64,63663,3184],{"class":320},[64,63665,7522],{"class":329},[64,63667,2686],{"class":320},[64,63669,86],{"class":78},[64,63671,3184],{"class":320},[64,63673,19511],{"class":329},[64,63675,2686],{"class":320},[64,63677,160],{"class":78},[64,63679,3184],{"class":320},[64,63681,21866],{"class":329},[64,63683,2686],{"class":320},[64,63685,8915],{"class":78},[64,63687,63688,63690,63692,63694,63696,63698],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,63689,125],{"class":108},[64,63691,112],{"class":78},[64,63693,7695],{"class":357},[64,63695,112],{"class":78},[64,63697,13241],{"class":115},[64,63699,471],{"class":78},[20,63701,384],{},[55,63703,63705],{"className":57,"code":63704,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63706,63707],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,63708,63709,63711,63713,63715,63717,63719,63721,63723,63725],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63710,394],{"class":78},[64,63712,333],{"class":320},[64,63714,7267],{"class":329},[64,63716,333],{"class":320},[64,63718,86],{"class":78},[64,63720,326],{"class":320},[64,63722,19511],{"class":329},[64,63724,333],{"class":320},[64,63726,97],{"class":78},[428,63728,63730],{"id":63729},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[55,63732,63734],{"className":57,"code":63733,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63735,63736,63776],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,63737,63738,63740,63742,63744,63746,63748,63750,63752,63754,63756,63758,63760,63762,63764,63766,63768,63770,63772,63774],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63739,12477],{"class":70},[64,63741,75],{"class":74},[64,63743,10098],{"class":78},[64,63745,2686],{"class":320},[64,63747,7267],{"class":329},[64,63749,2686],{"class":320},[64,63751,160],{"class":78},[64,63753,3184],{"class":320},[64,63755,7522],{"class":329},[64,63757,2686],{"class":320},[64,63759,86],{"class":78},[64,63761,3184],{"class":320},[64,63763,19511],{"class":329},[64,63765,2686],{"class":320},[64,63767,160],{"class":78},[64,63769,3184],{"class":320},[64,63771,21866],{"class":329},[64,63773,2686],{"class":320},[64,63775,8915],{"class":78},[64,63777,63778,63780,63782,63784,63786,63788,63790,63792],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,63779,125],{"class":108},[64,63781,112],{"class":78},[64,63783,7695],{"class":357},[64,63785,112],{"class":78},[64,63787,13241],{"class":115},[64,63789,148],{"class":78},[64,63791,4951],{"class":115},[64,63793,5885],{"class":78},[20,63795,384],{},[55,63797,63799],{"className":57,"code":63798,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,63800,63801],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,63802,63803,63805,63807,63809,63811,63813,63815,63817,63819],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63804,394],{"class":78},[64,63806,333],{"class":320},[64,63808,7522],{"class":329},[64,63810,333],{"class":320},[64,63812,86],{"class":78},[64,63814,326],{"class":320},[64,63816,21866],{"class":329},[64,63818,333],{"class":320},[64,63820,97],{"class":78},[428,63822,63824],{"id":63823},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[55,63826,63828],{"className":57,"code":63827,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,63829,63830,63870],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,63831,63832,63834,63836,63838,63840,63842,63844,63846,63848,63850,63852,63854,63856,63858,63860,63862,63864,63866,63868],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63833,12477],{"class":70},[64,63835,75],{"class":74},[64,63837,10098],{"class":78},[64,63839,2686],{"class":320},[64,63841,7267],{"class":329},[64,63843,2686],{"class":320},[64,63845,160],{"class":78},[64,63847,3184],{"class":320},[64,63849,7522],{"class":329},[64,63851,2686],{"class":320},[64,63853,86],{"class":78},[64,63855,3184],{"class":320},[64,63857,19511],{"class":329},[64,63859,2686],{"class":320},[64,63861,160],{"class":78},[64,63863,3184],{"class":320},[64,63865,21866],{"class":329},[64,63867,2686],{"class":320},[64,63869,8915],{"class":78},[64,63871,63872,63874,63876,63878,63880,63882,63884,63886],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,63873,125],{"class":108},[64,63875,112],{"class":78},[64,63877,7695],{"class":357},[64,63879,112],{"class":78},[64,63881,13241],{"class":115},[64,63883,148],{"class":78},[64,63885,7410],{"class":115},[64,63887,5885],{"class":78},[20,63889,384],{},[55,63891,63893],{"className":57,"code":63892,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,63894,63895],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,63896,63897,63899,63901,63903,63905,63907,63909,63911,63913,63915,63917,63919,63921,63923,63925,63927,63929,63931],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63898,21361],{"class":78},[64,63900,333],{"class":320},[64,63902,7267],{"class":329},[64,63904,333],{"class":320},[64,63906,86],{"class":78},[64,63908,326],{"class":320},[64,63910,7522],{"class":329},[64,63912,333],{"class":320},[64,63914,8839],{"class":78},[64,63916,8842],{"class":78},[64,63918,333],{"class":320},[64,63920,19511],{"class":329},[64,63922,333],{"class":320},[64,63924,86],{"class":78},[64,63926,326],{"class":320},[64,63928,21866],{"class":329},[64,63930,333],{"class":320},[64,63932,8855],{"class":78},[20,63934,63935],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[50,63937,63939],{"id":63938},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,63941,1923,63942,10209],{},[15,63943,24403],{},[30,63945,63946,63954,63963],{},[33,63947,63948,63949,212,63951],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,63950,52291],{},[15,63952,63953],{},"sort()",[33,63955,63956,63957,212,63959,63962],{},"you want to convert ",[15,63958,35828],{},[15,63960,63961],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[33,63964,63965],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,63967,45676,63968,160],{},[15,63969,63961],{},[55,63971,63973],{"className":57,"code":63972,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,63974,63975,63999,64015,64019,64042],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,63976,63977,63979,63981,63983,63985,63987,63989,63991,63993,63995,63997],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,63978,1505],{"class":70},[64,63980,75],{"class":74},[64,63982,79],{"class":78},[64,63984,2686],{"class":320},[64,63986,12494],{"class":329},[64,63988,2686],{"class":320},[64,63990,86],{"class":78},[64,63992,3184],{"class":320},[64,63994,35570],{"class":329},[64,63996,2686],{"class":320},[64,63998,97],{"class":78},[64,64000,64001,64003,64005,64007,64009,64011,64013],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,64002,1574],{"class":70},[64,64004,75],{"class":74},[64,64006,79],{"class":78},[64,64008,13117],{"class":82},[64,64010,86],{"class":78},[64,64012,13122],{"class":82},[64,64014,97],{"class":78},[64,64016,64017],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,64018,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,64020,64021,64023,64025,64027,64029,64032,64034,64036,64038,64040],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,64022,8821],{"class":70},[64,64024,75],{"class":74},[64,64026,22181],{"class":357},[64,64028,112],{"class":78},[64,64030,64031],{"class":108},"zip",[64,64033,112],{"class":78},[64,64035,1549],{"class":115},[64,64037,86],{"class":78},[64,64039,1621],{"class":115},[64,64041,471],{"class":78},[64,64043,64044,64046,64048,64050],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,64045,125],{"class":108},[64,64047,112],{"class":78},[64,64049,8868],{"class":115},[64,64051,119],{"class":78},[20,64053,384],{},[55,64055,64057],{"className":57,"code":64056,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64058,64059],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,64060,64061,64063,64065,64067,64069,64071,64073,64075,64077,64079,64081,64083,64085,64087],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64062,21361],{"class":78},[64,64064,333],{"class":320},[64,64066,12494],{"class":329},[64,64068,333],{"class":320},[64,64070,86],{"class":78},[64,64072,19518],{"class":82},[64,64074,8839],{"class":78},[64,64076,8842],{"class":78},[64,64078,333],{"class":320},[64,64080,35570],{"class":329},[64,64082,333],{"class":320},[64,64084,86],{"class":78},[64,64086,13122],{"class":82},[64,64088,8855],{"class":78},[20,64090,64091,64092,64094,64095,148],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64093,52291],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[285,64096,52688],{"href":52687},[50,64098,1023],{"id":1022},[20,64100,56415,64101,148],{},[15,64102,24403],{},[428,64104,64106],{"id":64105},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64108,1030],{},[55,64110,64112],{"className":57,"code":64111,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64113,64114,64118],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,64115,64116],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64117,1040],{"class":136},[64,64119,64120,64122,64124,64126,64128,64130,64132,64134],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,64121,7695],{"class":357},[64,64123,112],{"class":78},[64,64125,83],{"class":82},[64,64127,86],{"class":78},[64,64129,89],{"class":82},[64,64131,86],{"class":78},[64,64133,94],{"class":82},[64,64135,119],{"class":78},[20,64137,64138,64140],{},[15,64139,24403],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64142,18314],{},[55,64144,64146],{"className":57,"code":64145,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64147,64148],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,64149,64150,64152,64154,64156,64158,64160,64162,64164,64166,64168],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64151,125],{"class":108},[64,64153,112],{"class":78},[64,64155,7695],{"class":357},[64,64157,5104],{"class":78},[64,64159,83],{"class":82},[64,64161,86],{"class":78},[64,64163,89],{"class":82},[64,64165,86],{"class":78},[64,64167,94],{"class":82},[64,64169,2744],{"class":78},[428,64171,64173,64174],{"id":64172},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[64,64175,64176],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64178,64179],{},"This is a common surprise:",[55,64181,64183],{"className":57,"code":64182,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64184,64185],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,64186,64187,64189,64191,64193,64195,64197,64199,64201],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64188,125],{"class":108},[64,64190,112],{"class":78},[64,64192,7695],{"class":357},[64,64194,112],{"class":78},[64,64196,2686],{"class":320},[64,64198,330],{"class":329},[64,64200,2686],{"class":320},[64,64202,471],{"class":78},[20,64204,384],{},[55,64206,64208],{"className":57,"code":64207,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64209,64210],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,64211,64212,64214,64216,64218,64220,64222,64224,64226,64228,64230,64232,64234,64236,64238,64240,64242,64244,64246,64248,64250,64252],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64213,394],{"class":78},[64,64215,333],{"class":320},[64,64217,60079],{"class":329},[64,64219,333],{"class":320},[64,64221,86],{"class":78},[64,64223,326],{"class":320},[64,64225,60088],{"class":329},[64,64227,333],{"class":320},[64,64229,86],{"class":78},[64,64231,326],{"class":320},[64,64233,60097],{"class":329},[64,64235,333],{"class":320},[64,64237,86],{"class":78},[64,64239,326],{"class":320},[64,64241,60097],{"class":329},[64,64243,333],{"class":320},[64,64245,86],{"class":78},[64,64247,326],{"class":320},[64,64249,60114],{"class":329},[64,64251,333],{"class":320},[64,64253,97],{"class":78},[20,64255,64256],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64258,64259],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[55,64261,64263],{"className":57,"code":64262,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64264,64265],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,64266,64267,64269,64271,64273,64275,64277],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64268,125],{"class":108},[64,64270,354],{"class":78},[64,64272,2686],{"class":320},[64,64274,330],{"class":329},[64,64276,2686],{"class":320},[64,64278,381],{"class":78},[428,64280,64282],{"id":64281},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64284,64285],{},"This:",[55,64287,64289],{"className":57,"code":64288,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64290,64291,64323],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,64292,64293,64295,64297,64299,64301,64303,64305,64307,64309,64311,64313,64315,64317,64319,64321],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64294,8771],{"class":70},[64,64296,75],{"class":74},[64,64298,10098],{"class":78},[64,64300,2686],{"class":320},[64,64302,285],{"class":329},[64,64304,2686],{"class":320},[64,64306,160],{"class":78},[64,64308,5091],{"class":82},[64,64310,86],{"class":78},[64,64312,3184],{"class":320},[64,64314,1269],{"class":329},[64,64316,2686],{"class":320},[64,64318,160],{"class":78},[64,64320,89],{"class":82},[64,64322,8915],{"class":78},[64,64324,64325,64327,64329,64331,64333,64335],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,64326,125],{"class":108},[64,64328,112],{"class":78},[64,64330,7695],{"class":357},[64,64332,112],{"class":78},[64,64334,8810],{"class":115},[64,64336,471],{"class":78},[20,64338,64339],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64341,1923,64342,64345],{},[15,64343,64344],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[428,64347,64349],{"id":64348},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64351,64352,64354],{},[15,64353,24403],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64356,64357],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[50,64359,1651],{"id":1650},[428,64361,1694,64363,64365],{"id":64362},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[64,64364],{}," and list()?",[20,64367,64368,64369,64371,64372,64374],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64370,267],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64373,24403],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[428,64376,64378],{"id":64377},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64380,64381,64382,64384],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64383,24403],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[428,64386,64388],{"id":64387},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64390,64391],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[428,64393,64395],{"id":64394},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64397,64398],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[428,64400,64402],{"id":64401},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64404,64405,64406,64408],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64407,24403],{}," cannot loop through it.",[50,64410,1717],{"id":1716},[30,64412,64413,64417,64422,64426,64430,64434,64438,64443],{},[33,64414,64415],{},[285,64416,52410],{"href":50617},[33,64418,64419],{},[285,64420,64421],{"href":35825},"Python range() function explained",[33,64423,64424],{},[285,64425,62859],{"href":62858},[33,64427,64428],{},[285,64429,63191],{"href":63190},[33,64431,64432],{},[285,64433,1734],{"href":5180},[33,64435,64436],{},[285,64437,13406],{"href":13405},[33,64439,64440],{},[285,64441,64442],{"href":52238},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[33,64444,64445],{},[285,64446,53917],{"href":52687},[1751,64448,64449],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":64451},[64452,64453,64454,64455,64456,64463,64464,64465,64470,64471,64478,64486],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":62561,"depth":100,"text":62562},{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":59260,"depth":100,"text":59261},{"id":62789,"depth":100,"text":62790,"children":64457},[64458,64459,64460,64461,64462],{"id":62793,"depth":122,"text":62794},{"id":62862,"depth":122,"text":62863},{"id":62940,"depth":122,"text":62941},{"id":63015,"depth":122,"text":63016},{"id":63082,"depth":122,"text":63083},{"id":63194,"depth":100,"text":63195},{"id":63330,"depth":100,"text":63331},{"id":63630,"depth":100,"text":63631,"children":64466},[64467,64468,64469],{"id":63639,"depth":122,"text":63640},{"id":63729,"depth":122,"text":63730},{"id":63823,"depth":122,"text":63824},{"id":63938,"depth":100,"text":63939},{"id":1022,"depth":100,"text":1023,"children":64472},[64473,64474,64476,64477],{"id":64105,"depth":122,"text":64106},{"id":64172,"depth":122,"text":64475},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64281,"depth":122,"text":64282},{"id":64348,"depth":122,"text":64349},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":64479},[64480,64482,64483,64484,64485],{"id":64362,"depth":122,"text":64481},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64377,"depth":122,"text":64378},{"id":64387,"depth":122,"text":64388},{"id":64394,"depth":122,"text":64395},{"id":64401,"depth":122,"text":64402},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62395,"description":64487},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64494,"title":64495,"body":64496,"description":65847,"extension":1791,"meta":65848,"navigation":346,"path":65849,"seo":65850,"stem":65851,"__hash__":65852},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64497,"toc":65821},[64498,64503,64509,64518,64520,64593,64602,64607,64611,64627,64631,64633,64635,64654,64657,64685,64688,64713,64721,64723,64728,64735,64737,64794,64796,64804,64810,64814,64817,64890,64892,64900,64903,64926,64933,64939,64943,64949,65020,65022,65030,65039,65046,65053,65061,65205,65207,65224,65227,65266,65269,65273,65278,65280,65339,65345,65348,65455,65457,65472,65475,65482,65484,65488,65636,65639,65700,65703,65706,65727,65732,65736,65747,65750,65752,65757,65760,65768,65773,65779,65782,65788,65796,65798,65818],[10,64499,53981,64501,10932],{"id":64500},"python-list-index-method",[15,64502,58608],{},[20,64504,64505,64508],{},[15,64506,64507],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64510,64511,64512,64515,64516,148],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[221,64513,64514],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64517,40337],{},[50,64519,53],{"id":52},[55,64521,64523],{"className":57,"code":64522,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64524,64525,64557,64580],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,64526,64527,64529,64531,64533,64535,64537,64539,64541,64543,64545,64547,64549,64551,64553,64555],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64528,7379],{"class":70},[64,64530,75],{"class":74},[64,64532,79],{"class":78},[64,64534,2686],{"class":320},[64,64536,576],{"class":329},[64,64538,2686],{"class":320},[64,64540,86],{"class":78},[64,64542,3184],{"class":320},[64,64544,585],{"class":329},[64,64546,2686],{"class":320},[64,64548,86],{"class":78},[64,64550,3184],{"class":320},[64,64552,594],{"class":329},[64,64554,2686],{"class":320},[64,64556,97],{"class":78},[64,64558,64559,64562,64564,64566,64568,64570,64572,64574,64576,64578],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,64560,64561],{"class":70},"position ",[64,64563,75],{"class":74},[64,64565,5560],{"class":70},[64,64567,148],{"class":78},[64,64569,35475],{"class":115},[64,64571,112],{"class":78},[64,64573,2686],{"class":320},[64,64575,585],{"class":329},[64,64577,2686],{"class":320},[64,64579,119],{"class":78},[64,64581,64582,64584,64586,64589,64591],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,64583,125],{"class":108},[64,64585,112],{"class":78},[64,64587,64588],{"class":115},"position",[64,64590,133],{"class":78},[64,64592,27403],{"class":136},[20,64594,1923,64595,64598,64599,64601],{},[15,64596,64597],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64600,40337],{}," if the item is not found.",[50,64603,152,64605,155],{"id":64604},"what-listindex-does",[15,64606,64507],{},[20,64608,64609,160],{},[15,64610,64507],{},[30,64612,64613,64616,64619,64624],{},[33,64614,64615],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[33,64617,64618],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[33,64620,64621,64622],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64623,243],{},[33,64625,64626],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64628,54206,64629,148],{},[285,64630,52410],{"href":54209},[50,64632,1988],{"id":1987},[20,64634,30350],{},[55,64636,64638],{"className":57,"code":64637,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64639,64640],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,64641,64642,64644,64646,64648,64650,64652],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64643,7941],{"class":70},[64,64645,148],{"class":78},[64,64647,35475],{"class":115},[64,64649,112],{"class":78},[64,64651,2302],{"class":115},[64,64653,119],{"class":78},[20,64655,64656],{},"You can also limit the search:",[55,64658,64660],{"className":57,"code":64659,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64661,64662],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,64663,64664,64666,64668,64670,64672,64674,64676,64678,64680,64683],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64665,7941],{"class":70},[64,64667,148],{"class":78},[64,64669,35475],{"class":115},[64,64671,112],{"class":78},[64,64673,2302],{"class":115},[64,64675,86],{"class":78},[64,64677,35681],{"class":115},[64,64679,86],{"class":78},[64,64681,64682],{"class":115}," end",[64,64684,119],{"class":78},[20,64686,64687],{},"Here is what each part means:",[30,64689,64690,64695,64700,64705],{},[33,64691,64692,64694],{},[15,64693,2302],{},": the item to search for",[33,64696,64697,64699],{},[15,64698,35702],{},": where the search begins",[33,64701,64702,64704],{},[15,64703,52299],{},": where the search stops",[33,64706,64707,1292,64709,64712],{},[15,64708,52299],{},[221,64710,64711],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64714,64715,64716,64718,64719,148],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64717,35702],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64720,52299],{},[50,64722,37652],{"id":37651},[20,64724,64725,64727],{},[15,64726,64507],{}," returns an integer.",[20,64729,64730,64731,64734],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[221,64732,64733],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,64736,916],{},[55,64738,64740],{"className":57,"code":64739,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64741,64742,64762,64780,64784],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,64743,64744,64746,64748,64750,64752,64754,64756,64758,64760],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64745,71],{"class":70},[64,64747,75],{"class":74},[64,64749,79],{"class":78},[64,64751,2160],{"class":82},[64,64753,86],{"class":78},[64,64755,7390],{"class":82},[64,64757,86],{"class":78},[64,64759,7395],{"class":82},[64,64761,97],{"class":78},[64,64763,64764,64766,64768,64770,64772,64774,64776,64778],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,64765,103],{"class":70},[64,64767,75],{"class":74},[64,64769,762],{"class":70},[64,64771,148],{"class":78},[64,64773,35475],{"class":115},[64,64775,112],{"class":78},[64,64777,15371],{"class":82},[64,64779,119],{"class":78},[64,64781,64782],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,64783,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,64785,64786,64788,64790,64792],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,64787,125],{"class":108},[64,64789,112],{"class":78},[64,64791,130],{"class":115},[64,64793,119],{"class":78},[20,64795,384],{},[55,64797,64798],{"className":57,"code":46553,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,64799,64800],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,64801,64802],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64803,46553],{"class":82},[20,64805,64806,64807,64809],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,64808,58608],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[50,64811,64813],{"id":64812},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,64815,64816],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[55,64818,64820],{"className":57,"code":64819,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,64821,64822,64854,64876,64880],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,64823,64824,64826,64828,64830,64832,64834,64836,64838,64840,64842,64844,64846,64848,64850,64852],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64825,35869],{"class":70},[64,64827,75],{"class":74},[64,64829,79],{"class":78},[64,64831,2686],{"class":320},[64,64833,576],{"class":329},[64,64835,2686],{"class":320},[64,64837,86],{"class":78},[64,64839,3184],{"class":320},[64,64841,585],{"class":329},[64,64843,2686],{"class":320},[64,64845,86],{"class":78},[64,64847,3184],{"class":320},[64,64849,594],{"class":329},[64,64851,2686],{"class":320},[64,64853,97],{"class":78},[64,64855,64856,64858,64860,64862,64864,64866,64868,64870,64872,64874],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,64857,64561],{"class":70},[64,64859,75],{"class":74},[64,64861,52490],{"class":70},[64,64863,148],{"class":78},[64,64865,35475],{"class":115},[64,64867,112],{"class":78},[64,64869,2686],{"class":320},[64,64871,594],{"class":329},[64,64873,2686],{"class":320},[64,64875,119],{"class":78},[64,64877,64878],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,64879,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,64881,64882,64884,64886,64888],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,64883,125],{"class":108},[64,64885,112],{"class":78},[64,64887,64588],{"class":115},[64,64889,119],{"class":78},[20,64891,384],{},[55,64893,64894],{"className":57,"code":16674,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,64895,64896],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,64897,64898],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64899,16674],{"class":82},[20,64901,64902],{},"In this list:",[30,64904,64905,64912,64919],{},[33,64906,64907,64909,64910],{},[15,64908,57473],{}," is at index ",[15,64911,243],{},[33,64913,64914,64909,64917],{},[15,64915,64916],{},"\"banana\"",[15,64918,83],{},[33,64920,64921,64909,64924],{},[15,64922,64923],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,64925,815],{},[20,64927,53292,64928,44,64931,148],{},[15,64929,64930],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,64932,815],{},[20,64934,51181,64935,148],{},[285,64936,64938],{"href":64937},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[50,64940,64942],{"id":64941},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,64944,64945,64946,64948],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,64947,58608],{}," returns the first match only.",[55,64950,64952],{"className":57,"code":64951,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,64953,64954,64994,64998],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,64955,64956,64958,64960,64962,64964,64966,64968,64970,64972,64974,64976,64978,64980,64982,64984,64986,64988,64990,64992],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,64957,12690],{"class":70},[64,64959,75],{"class":74},[64,64961,79],{"class":78},[64,64963,2686],{"class":320},[64,64965,12707],{"class":329},[64,64967,2686],{"class":320},[64,64969,86],{"class":78},[64,64971,3184],{"class":320},[64,64973,12724],{"class":329},[64,64975,2686],{"class":320},[64,64977,86],{"class":78},[64,64979,3184],{"class":320},[64,64981,12707],{"class":329},[64,64983,2686],{"class":320},[64,64985,86],{"class":78},[64,64987,3184],{"class":320},[64,64989,17074],{"class":329},[64,64991,2686],{"class":320},[64,64993,97],{"class":78},[64,64995,64996],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,64997,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,64999,65000,65002,65004,65006,65008,65010,65012,65014,65016,65018],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,65001,125],{"class":108},[64,65003,112],{"class":78},[64,65005,17121],{"class":115},[64,65007,148],{"class":78},[64,65009,35475],{"class":115},[64,65011,112],{"class":78},[64,65013,2686],{"class":320},[64,65015,12707],{"class":329},[64,65017,2686],{"class":320},[64,65019,471],{"class":78},[20,65021,384],{},[55,65023,65024],{"className":57,"code":46888,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,65025,65026],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,65027,65028],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,65029,46888],{"class":82},[20,65031,20598,65032,65035,65036,65038],{},[15,65033,65034],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65037,243],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65040,65041,65042,148],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[285,65043,55159,65044,10349],{"href":58667},[15,65045,56930],{},[50,65047,8020,65049,896,65051],{"id":65048},"using-start-and-end",[15,65050,35702],{},[15,65052,52299],{},[20,65054,65055,65056,896,65058,65060],{},"The optional ",[15,65057,35702],{},[15,65059,52299],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[55,65062,65064],{"className":57,"code":65063,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65065,65066,65114,65118,65143,65172],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,65067,65068,65070,65072,65074,65076,65078,65080,65082,65084,65086,65088,65090,65092,65094,65096,65098,65100,65102,65104,65106,65108,65110,65112],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,65069,35720],{"class":70},[64,65071,75],{"class":74},[64,65073,79],{"class":78},[64,65075,2686],{"class":320},[64,65077,285],{"class":329},[64,65079,2686],{"class":320},[64,65081,86],{"class":78},[64,65083,3184],{"class":320},[64,65085,1269],{"class":329},[64,65087,2686],{"class":320},[64,65089,86],{"class":78},[64,65091,3184],{"class":320},[64,65093,9346],{"class":329},[64,65095,2686],{"class":320},[64,65097,86],{"class":78},[64,65099,3184],{"class":320},[64,65101,1269],{"class":329},[64,65103,2686],{"class":320},[64,65105,86],{"class":78},[64,65107,3184],{"class":320},[64,65109,18387],{"class":329},[64,65111,2686],{"class":320},[64,65113,97],{"class":78},[64,65115,65116],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,65117,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,65119,65120,65122,65124,65126,65128,65130,65132,65134,65136,65138,65140],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,65121,125],{"class":108},[64,65123,112],{"class":78},[64,65125,35773],{"class":115},[64,65127,148],{"class":78},[64,65129,35475],{"class":115},[64,65131,112],{"class":78},[64,65133,2686],{"class":320},[64,65135,1269],{"class":329},[64,65137,2686],{"class":320},[64,65139,4954],{"class":78},[64,65141,65142],{"class":136},"        # first match\n",[64,65144,65145,65147,65149,65151,65153,65155,65157,65159,65161,65163,65165,65167,65169],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,65146,125],{"class":108},[64,65148,112],{"class":78},[64,65150,35773],{"class":115},[64,65152,148],{"class":78},[64,65154,35475],{"class":115},[64,65156,112],{"class":78},[64,65158,2686],{"class":320},[64,65160,1269],{"class":329},[64,65162,2686],{"class":320},[64,65164,86],{"class":78},[64,65166,89],{"class":82},[64,65168,4954],{"class":78},[64,65170,65171],{"class":136},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[64,65173,65174,65176,65178,65180,65182,65184,65186,65188,65190,65192,65194,65196,65198,65200,65202],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,65175,125],{"class":108},[64,65177,112],{"class":78},[64,65179,35773],{"class":115},[64,65181,148],{"class":78},[64,65183,35475],{"class":115},[64,65185,112],{"class":78},[64,65187,2686],{"class":320},[64,65189,1269],{"class":329},[64,65191,2686],{"class":320},[64,65193,86],{"class":78},[64,65195,5091],{"class":82},[64,65197,86],{"class":78},[64,65199,2286],{"class":82},[64,65201,4954],{"class":78},[64,65203,65204],{"class":136},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65206,384],{},[55,65208,65210],{"className":57,"code":65209,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65211,65212,65216,65220],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,65213,65214],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,65215,46553],{"class":82},[64,65217,65218],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,65219,46253],{"class":82},[64,65221,65222],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,65223,46553],{"class":82},[20,65225,65226],{},"How this works:",[30,65228,65229,65241,65254],{},[33,65230,65231,65234,65235,65238,65239],{},[15,65232,65233],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65236,65237],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65240,83],{},[33,65242,65243,65246,65247,65249,65250,65238,65252],{},[15,65244,65245],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65248,815],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65251,65237],{},[15,65253,1892],{},[33,65255,65256,65259,65260,2020,65262,16690,65264],{},[15,65257,65258],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65261,83],{},[15,65263,815],{},[15,65265,1892],{},[20,65267,65268],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[50,65270,65272],{"id":65271},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65274,65275,65276,148],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65277,40337],{},[20,65279,916],{},[55,65281,65283],{"className":57,"code":65282,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65284,65285,65317],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,65286,65287,65289,65291,65293,65295,65297,65299,65301,65303,65305,65307,65309,65311,65313,65315],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,65288,7379],{"class":70},[64,65290,75],{"class":74},[64,65292,79],{"class":78},[64,65294,2686],{"class":320},[64,65296,576],{"class":329},[64,65298,2686],{"class":320},[64,65300,86],{"class":78},[64,65302,3184],{"class":320},[64,65304,585],{"class":329},[64,65306,2686],{"class":320},[64,65308,86],{"class":78},[64,65310,3184],{"class":320},[64,65312,594],{"class":329},[64,65314,2686],{"class":320},[64,65316,97],{"class":78},[64,65318,65319,65321,65323,65325,65327,65329,65331,65333,65335,65337],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,65320,125],{"class":108},[64,65322,112],{"class":78},[64,65324,7410],{"class":115},[64,65326,148],{"class":78},[64,65328,35475],{"class":115},[64,65330,112],{"class":78},[64,65332,2686],{"class":320},[64,65334,32847],{"class":329},[64,65336,2686],{"class":320},[64,65338,471],{"class":78},[20,65340,39286,65341,65344],{},[15,65342,65343],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65346,65347],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[55,65349,65351],{"className":57,"code":65350,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65352,65353,65385,65398,65402,65415,65434,65440],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,65354,65355,65357,65359,65361,65363,65365,65367,65369,65371,65373,65375,65377,65379,65381,65383],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,65356,7379],{"class":70},[64,65358,75],{"class":74},[64,65360,79],{"class":78},[64,65362,2686],{"class":320},[64,65364,576],{"class":329},[64,65366,2686],{"class":320},[64,65368,86],{"class":78},[64,65370,3184],{"class":320},[64,65372,585],{"class":329},[64,65374,2686],{"class":320},[64,65376,86],{"class":78},[64,65378,3184],{"class":320},[64,65380,594],{"class":329},[64,65382,2686],{"class":320},[64,65384,97],{"class":78},[64,65386,65387,65390,65392,65394,65396],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,65388,65389],{"class":70},"search_value ",[64,65391,75],{"class":74},[64,65393,3184],{"class":320},[64,65395,32847],{"class":329},[64,65397,3190],{"class":320},[64,65399,65400],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,65401,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,65403,65404,65406,65409,65411,65413],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,65405,6595],{"class":368},[64,65407,65408],{"class":70}," search_value ",[64,65410,375],{"class":74},[64,65412,5560],{"class":70},[64,65414,5989],{"class":78},[64,65416,65417,65419,65421,65423,65425,65427,65429,65432],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,65418,7670],{"class":108},[64,65420,112],{"class":78},[64,65422,7410],{"class":115},[64,65424,148],{"class":78},[64,65426,35475],{"class":115},[64,65428,112],{"class":78},[64,65430,65431],{"class":115},"search_value",[64,65433,471],{"class":78},[64,65435,65436,65438],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,65437,27057],{"class":368},[64,65439,5989],{"class":78},[64,65441,65442,65444,65446,65448,65451,65453],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,65443,7670],{"class":108},[64,65445,112],{"class":78},[64,65447,2686],{"class":320},[64,65449,65450],{"class":329},"Item not found",[64,65452,2686],{"class":320},[64,65454,119],{"class":78},[20,65456,384],{},[55,65458,65460],{"className":57,"code":65459,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Item not found\n",[15,65461,65462],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,65463,65464,65467,65469],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,65465,65466],{"class":70},"Item ",[64,65468,1138],{"class":74},[64,65470,65471],{"class":70}," found\n",[20,65473,65474],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65476,65477,65478,148],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[285,65479,65481],{"href":65480},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[50,65483,1023],{"id":1022},[20,65485,20832,65486,160],{},[15,65487,64507],{},[30,65489,65490,65508,65520,65580],{},[33,65491,25397,65492,44,65494,65497,65498,65500,65501,1674,65503,65505,65506,148],{},[15,65493,58608],{},[15,65495,65496],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9453,65499],{},"\nPython does ",[221,65502,1138],{},[15,65504,65496],{},". It raises ",[15,65507,40337],{},[33,65509,65510,65511,65513,65516,65517,65519],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9453,65512],{},[15,65514,65515],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65518,64916],{},", not the value itself.",[33,65521,8020,65522,10701,65525,65527,65529,65530,16273,65532,65555,16261,65557],{},[15,65523,65524],{},"index[]",[15,65526,58608],{},[9453,65528],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9453,65531],{},[55,65533,65535],{"className":57,"code":65534,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65536,65537],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,65538,65539,65541,65543,65545,65547,65549,65551,65553],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,65540,7410],{"class":70},[64,65542,148],{"class":78},[64,65544,35475],{"class":115},[64,65546,112],{"class":78},[64,65548,2686],{"class":320},[64,65550,585],{"class":329},[64,65552,2686],{"class":320},[64,65554,119],{"class":78},[9453,65556],{},[55,65558,65560],{"className":57,"code":65559,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65561,65562],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,65563,65564,65566,65568,65570,65572,65574,65576,65578],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,65565,7410],{"class":70},[64,65567,148],{"class":78},[64,65569,35475],{"class":24372},[64,65571,394],{"class":78},[64,65573,2686],{"class":320},[64,65575,585],{"class":329},[64,65577,2686],{"class":320},[64,65579,97],{"class":78},[33,65581,65582,65583,65585,896,65588,65590,65591],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9453,65584],{},[15,65586,65587],{},"\"3\"",[15,65589,1892],{}," are different values in Python.",[55,65592,65594],{"className":57,"code":65593,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65595,65596,65616],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,65597,65598,65600,65602,65604,65606,65608,65610,65612,65614],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,65599,71],{"class":70},[64,65601,75],{"class":74},[64,65603,79],{"class":78},[64,65605,83],{"class":82},[64,65607,86],{"class":78},[64,65609,89],{"class":82},[64,65611,86],{"class":78},[64,65613,94],{"class":82},[64,65615,97],{"class":78},[64,65617,65618,65620,65622,65624,65626,65628,65630,65632,65634],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,65619,125],{"class":108},[64,65621,112],{"class":78},[64,65623,2686],{"class":320},[64,65625,1892],{"class":329},[64,65627,2686],{"class":320},[64,65629,20794],{"class":368},[64,65631,762],{"class":115},[64,65633,133],{"class":78},[64,65635,1280],{"class":136},[20,65637,65638],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[55,65640,65642],{"className":57,"code":65641,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65643,65644,65654,65668,65682],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,65645,65646,65648,65650,65652],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,65647,125],{"class":108},[64,65649,112],{"class":78},[64,65651,7941],{"class":115},[64,65653,119],{"class":78},[64,65655,65656,65658,65660,65662,65664,65666],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,65657,125],{"class":108},[64,65659,112],{"class":78},[64,65661,3052],{"class":357},[64,65663,112],{"class":78},[64,65665,65431],{"class":115},[64,65667,471],{"class":78},[64,65669,65670,65672,65674,65676,65678,65680],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,65671,125],{"class":108},[64,65673,112],{"class":78},[64,65675,65389],{"class":115},[64,65677,375],{"class":368},[64,65679,7998],{"class":115},[64,65681,119],{"class":78},[64,65683,65684,65686,65688,65690,65692,65694,65696,65698],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,65685,125],{"class":108},[64,65687,112],{"class":78},[64,65689,7941],{"class":115},[64,65691,148],{"class":78},[64,65693,35475],{"class":115},[64,65695,112],{"class":78},[64,65697,65431],{"class":115},[64,65699,471],{"class":78},[20,65701,65702],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65704,65705],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[30,65707,65708,65711,65718,65724],{},[33,65709,65710],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[33,65712,65713,65714,10701,65716],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65715,65587],{},[15,65717,1892],{},[33,65719,65720,65721,65723],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65722,58608],{}," returns only the first one",[33,65725,65726],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[50,65728,1471,65730],{"id":65729},"when-to-use-index",[15,65731,58608],{},[20,65733,1923,65734,10209],{},[15,65735,58608],{},[30,65737,65738,65741,65744],{},[33,65739,65740],{},"You need the position of a known value",[33,65742,65743],{},"You are working with a small list",[33,65745,65746],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65748,65749],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[50,65751,1651],{"id":1650},[428,65753,1655,65755,1658],{"id":65754},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65756,64507],{},[20,65758,65759],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[428,65761,12317,65763,1674,65765,65767],{"id":65762},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,65764,64507],{},[15,65766,65496],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,65769,65770,65771,6228],{},"No. It raises ",[15,65772,40337],{},[428,65774,1684,65776,65778],{"id":65775},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,65777,64507],{}," find all matching items?",[20,65780,65781],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[428,65783,65785,65786,1677],{"id":65784},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,65787,58608],{},[20,65789,65790,65791,896,65793,65795],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,65792,35702],{},[15,65794,52299],{}," arguments.",[50,65797,1717],{"id":1716},[30,65799,65800,65804,65808,65812],{},[33,65801,65802],{},[285,65803,58596],{"href":64937},[33,65805,65806],{},[285,65807,52410],{"href":54209},[33,65809,65810],{},[285,65811,65481],{"href":65480},[33,65813,65814],{},[285,65815,55159,65816,10349],{"href":58667},[15,65817,56930],{},[1751,65819,65820],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":65822},[65823,65824,65826,65827,65828,65829,65830,65832,65833,65834,65836,65846],{"id":52,"depth":100,"text":53},{"id":64604,"depth":100,"text":65825},"What list.index() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":37651,"depth":100,"text":37652},{"id":64812,"depth":100,"text":64813},{"id":64941,"depth":100,"text":64942},{"id":65048,"depth":100,"text":65831},"Using start and end",{"id":65271,"depth":100,"text":65272},{"id":1022,"depth":100,"text":1023},{"id":65729,"depth":100,"text":65835},"When to use index()",{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":65837},[65838,65840,65842,65844],{"id":65754,"depth":122,"text":65839},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65762,"depth":122,"text":65841},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65775,"depth":122,"text":65843},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65784,"depth":122,"text":65845},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64495,"description":65847},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65854,"title":65855,"body":65856,"description":67798,"extension":1791,"meta":67799,"navigation":346,"path":67800,"seo":67801,"stem":67802,"__hash__":67803},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65857,"toc":67758},[65858,65863,65868,65871,65880,65937,65943,65948,65952,65966,65972,65974,65997,66014,66016,66077,66079,66111,66124,66126,66129,66229,66231,66309,66315,66319,66327,66331,66337,66392,66394,66418,66422,66425,66478,66480,66504,66508,66511,66564,66566,66590,66594,66600,66671,66673,66714,66720,66727,66730,66735,66743,66748,66756,66758,66855,66857,66926,66933,66938,66940,66944,66949,66951,67022,67024,67053,67059,67061,67088,67091,67114,67118,67121,67143,67146,67169,67171,67231,67233,67265,67271,67276,67329,67331,67356,67359,67408,67410,67431,67435,67440,67443,67498,67500,67527,67534,67538,67543,67614,67617,67631,67636,67641,67643,67657,67669,67674,67676,67681,67686,67690,67693,67699,67705,67712,67720,67722,67755],[10,65859,53981,65861,10932],{"id":65860},"python-list-insert-method",[15,65862,53907],{},[20,65864,65865,65867],{},[15,65866,53550],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,65869,65870],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,65872,1923,65873,65875,65876,148],{},[15,65874,53907],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[285,65877,55159,65878,10349],{"href":56408},[15,65879,52291],{},[55,65881,65883],{"className":57,"code":65882,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,65884,65885,65905,65923,65933],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,65886,65887,65889,65891,65893,65895,65897,65899,65901,65903],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,65888,71],{"class":70},[64,65890,75],{"class":74},[64,65892,79],{"class":78},[64,65894,83],{"class":82},[64,65896,86],{"class":78},[64,65898,89],{"class":82},[64,65900,86],{"class":78},[64,65902,2286],{"class":82},[64,65904,97],{"class":78},[64,65906,65907,65909,65911,65913,65915,65917,65919,65921],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,65908,116],{"class":70},[64,65910,148],{"class":78},[64,65912,53590],{"class":115},[64,65914,112],{"class":78},[64,65916,815],{"class":82},[64,65918,86],{"class":78},[64,65920,94],{"class":82},[64,65922,119],{"class":78},[64,65924,65925,65927,65929,65931],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,65926,125],{"class":108},[64,65928,112],{"class":78},[64,65930,116],{"class":115},[64,65932,119],{"class":78},[64,65934,65935],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,65936,52362],{"class":136},[20,65938,1923,65939,65942],{},[15,65940,65941],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[50,65944,152,65946,155],{"id":65945},"what-listinsert-does",[15,65947,53550],{},[20,65949,65950,160],{},[15,65951,53550],{},[30,65953,65954,65957,65960,65962],{},[33,65955,65956],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[33,65958,65959],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[33,65961,54067],{},[33,65963,11034,65964],{},[15,65965,258],{},[20,65967,65968,65969,65971],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,65970,53907],{}," does not create a new list.",[50,65973,5024],{"id":5023},[55,65975,65977],{"className":57,"code":65976,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,65978,65979],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,65980,65981,65983,65985,65987,65989,65991,65993,65995],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,65982,7941],{"class":70},[64,65984,148],{"class":78},[64,65986,53590],{"class":115},[64,65988,112],{"class":78},[64,65990,35475],{"class":115},[64,65992,86],{"class":78},[64,65994,29131],{"class":115},[64,65996,119],{"class":78},[30,65998,65999,66004,66009],{},[33,66000,66001,66003],{},[15,66002,35475],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[33,66005,66006,66008],{},[15,66007,22932],{}," is the value to add",[33,66010,66011,66012],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66013,243],{},[20,66015,916],{},[55,66017,66019],{"className":57,"code":66018,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66020,66021,66045,66067],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,66022,66023,66025,66027,66029,66031,66033,66035,66037,66039,66041,66043],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,66024,35720],{"class":70},[64,66026,75],{"class":74},[64,66028,79],{"class":78},[64,66030,2686],{"class":320},[64,66032,285],{"class":329},[64,66034,2686],{"class":320},[64,66036,86],{"class":78},[64,66038,3184],{"class":320},[64,66040,9346],{"class":329},[64,66042,2686],{"class":320},[64,66044,97],{"class":78},[64,66046,66047,66049,66051,66053,66055,66057,66059,66061,66063,66065],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,66048,35773],{"class":70},[64,66050,148],{"class":78},[64,66052,53590],{"class":115},[64,66054,112],{"class":78},[64,66056,83],{"class":82},[64,66058,86],{"class":78},[64,66060,3184],{"class":320},[64,66062,1269],{"class":329},[64,66064,2686],{"class":320},[64,66066,119],{"class":78},[64,66068,66069,66071,66073,66075],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,66070,125],{"class":108},[64,66072,112],{"class":78},[64,66074,35773],{"class":115},[64,66076,119],{"class":78},[20,66078,384],{},[55,66080,66081],{"className":57,"code":42510,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,66082,66083],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,66084,66085,66087,66089,66091,66093,66095,66097,66099,66101,66103,66105,66107,66109],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,66086,394],{"class":78},[64,66088,333],{"class":320},[64,66090,285],{"class":329},[64,66092,333],{"class":320},[64,66094,86],{"class":78},[64,66096,326],{"class":320},[64,66098,1269],{"class":329},[64,66100,333],{"class":320},[64,66102,86],{"class":78},[64,66104,326],{"class":320},[64,66106,9346],{"class":329},[64,66108,333],{"class":320},[64,66110,97],{"class":78},[20,66112,20391,66113,66115,66116,66118,66119,896,66121,148],{},[15,66114,65237],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66117,83],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66120,17715],{},[15,66122,66123],{},"\"c\"",[50,66125,5381],{"id":5380},[20,66127,66128],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[55,66130,66132],{"className":57,"code":66131,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66133,66134,66166,66184,66188,66210],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,66135,66136,66138,66140,66142,66144,66146,66148,66150,66152,66154,66156,66158,66160,66162,66164],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,66137,12690],{"class":70},[64,66139,75],{"class":74},[64,66141,79],{"class":78},[64,66143,2686],{"class":320},[64,66145,12707],{"class":329},[64,66147,2686],{"class":320},[64,66149,86],{"class":78},[64,66151,3184],{"class":320},[64,66153,12724],{"class":329},[64,66155,2686],{"class":320},[64,66157,86],{"class":78},[64,66159,3184],{"class":320},[64,66161,17074],{"class":329},[64,66163,2686],{"class":320},[64,66165,97],{"class":78},[64,66167,66168,66170,66172,66174,66176,66178,66180,66182],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,66169,125],{"class":108},[64,66171,112],{"class":78},[64,66173,2686],{"class":320},[64,66175,11175],{"class":329},[64,66177,2686],{"class":320},[64,66179,86],{"class":78},[64,66181,12738],{"class":115},[64,66183,119],{"class":78},[64,66185,66186],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,66187,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,66189,66190,66192,66194,66196,66198,66200,66202,66204,66206,66208],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,66191,17121],{"class":70},[64,66193,148],{"class":78},[64,66195,53590],{"class":115},[64,66197,112],{"class":78},[64,66199,83],{"class":82},[64,66201,86],{"class":78},[64,66203,3184],{"class":320},[64,66205,22145],{"class":329},[64,66207,2686],{"class":320},[64,66209,119],{"class":78},[64,66211,66212,66214,66216,66218,66221,66223,66225,66227],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,66213,125],{"class":108},[64,66215,112],{"class":78},[64,66217,2686],{"class":320},[64,66219,66220],{"class":329},"After: ",[64,66222,2686],{"class":320},[64,66224,86],{"class":78},[64,66226,12738],{"class":115},[64,66228,119],{"class":78},[20,66230,384],{},[55,66232,66234],{"className":57,"code":66233,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66235,66236,66268],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,66237,66238,66240,66242,66244,66246,66248,66250,66252,66254,66256,66258,66260,66262,66264,66266],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,66239,11235],{"class":70},[64,66241,160],{"class":78},[64,66243,79],{"class":78},[64,66245,333],{"class":320},[64,66247,12707],{"class":329},[64,66249,333],{"class":320},[64,66251,86],{"class":78},[64,66253,326],{"class":320},[64,66255,12724],{"class":329},[64,66257,333],{"class":320},[64,66259,86],{"class":78},[64,66261,326],{"class":320},[64,66263,17074],{"class":329},[64,66265,333],{"class":320},[64,66267,97],{"class":78},[64,66269,66270,66272,66274,66277,66279,66281,66283,66285,66287,66289,66291,66293,66295,66297,66299,66301,66303,66305,66307],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,66271,11288],{"class":70},[64,66273,160],{"class":78},[64,66275,66276],{"class":78},"  [",[64,66278,333],{"class":320},[64,66280,12707],{"class":329},[64,66282,333],{"class":320},[64,66284,86],{"class":78},[64,66286,326],{"class":320},[64,66288,22145],{"class":329},[64,66290,333],{"class":320},[64,66292,86],{"class":78},[64,66294,326],{"class":320},[64,66296,12724],{"class":329},[64,66298,333],{"class":320},[64,66300,86],{"class":78},[64,66302,326],{"class":320},[64,66304,17074],{"class":329},[64,66306,333],{"class":320},[64,66308,97],{"class":78},[20,66310,66311,66312,66314],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66313,83],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[50,66316,66318],{"id":66317},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66320,1808,66321,34958,66323,66326],{},[15,66322,35475],{},[15,66324,66325],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[428,66328,66330],{"id":66329},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66332,66333,66334,66336],{},"Use index ",[15,66335,243],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[55,66338,66340],{"className":57,"code":66339,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66341,66342,66363,66382],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,66343,66344,66347,66349,66351,66353,66355,66357,66359,66361],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,66345,66346],{"class":70},"nums ",[64,66348,75],{"class":74},[64,66350,79],{"class":78},[64,66352,815],{"class":82},[64,66354,86],{"class":78},[64,66356,94],{"class":82},[64,66358,86],{"class":78},[64,66360,2286],{"class":82},[64,66362,97],{"class":78},[64,66364,66365,66368,66370,66372,66374,66376,66378,66380],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,66366,66367],{"class":70},"nums",[64,66369,148],{"class":78},[64,66371,53590],{"class":115},[64,66373,112],{"class":78},[64,66375,243],{"class":82},[64,66377,86],{"class":78},[64,66379,5091],{"class":82},[64,66381,119],{"class":78},[64,66383,66384,66386,66388,66390],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,66385,125],{"class":108},[64,66387,112],{"class":78},[64,66389,66367],{"class":115},[64,66391,119],{"class":78},[20,66393,384],{},[55,66395,66396],{"className":57,"code":53144,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,66397,66398],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,66399,66400,66402,66404,66406,66408,66410,66412,66414,66416],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,66401,394],{"class":78},[64,66403,83],{"class":82},[64,66405,86],{"class":78},[64,66407,89],{"class":82},[64,66409,86],{"class":78},[64,66411,94],{"class":82},[64,66413,86],{"class":78},[64,66415,2286],{"class":82},[64,66417,97],{"class":78},[428,66419,66421],{"id":66420},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66423,66424],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[55,66426,66428],{"className":57,"code":66427,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66429,66430,66450,66468],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,66431,66432,66434,66436,66438,66440,66442,66444,66446,66448],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,66433,66346],{"class":70},[64,66435,75],{"class":74},[64,66437,79],{"class":78},[64,66439,83],{"class":82},[64,66441,86],{"class":78},[64,66443,89],{"class":82},[64,66445,86],{"class":78},[64,66447,2286],{"class":82},[64,66449,97],{"class":78},[64,66451,66452,66454,66456,66458,66460,66462,66464,66466],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,66453,66367],{"class":70},[64,66455,148],{"class":78},[64,66457,53590],{"class":115},[64,66459,112],{"class":78},[64,66461,815],{"class":82},[64,66463,86],{"class":78},[64,66465,94],{"class":82},[64,66467,119],{"class":78},[64,66469,66470,66472,66474,66476],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,66471,125],{"class":108},[64,66473,112],{"class":78},[64,66475,66367],{"class":115},[64,66477,119],{"class":78},[20,66479,384],{},[55,66481,66482],{"className":57,"code":53144,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,66483,66484],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,66485,66486,66488,66490,66492,66494,66496,66498,66500,66502],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,66487,394],{"class":78},[64,66489,83],{"class":82},[64,66491,86],{"class":78},[64,66493,89],{"class":82},[64,66495,86],{"class":78},[64,66497,94],{"class":82},[64,66499,86],{"class":78},[64,66501,2286],{"class":82},[64,66503,97],{"class":78},[428,66505,66507],{"id":66506},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66509,66510],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[55,66512,66514],{"className":57,"code":66513,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66515,66516,66536,66554],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,66517,66518,66520,66522,66524,66526,66528,66530,66532,66534],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,66519,66346],{"class":70},[64,66521,75],{"class":74},[64,66523,79],{"class":78},[64,66525,83],{"class":82},[64,66527,86],{"class":78},[64,66529,89],{"class":82},[64,66531,86],{"class":78},[64,66533,94],{"class":82},[64,66535,97],{"class":78},[64,66537,66538,66540,66542,66544,66546,66548,66550,66552],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,66539,66367],{"class":70},[64,66541,148],{"class":78},[64,66543,53590],{"class":115},[64,66545,112],{"class":78},[64,66547,2160],{"class":82},[64,66549,86],{"class":78},[64,66551,2286],{"class":82},[64,66553,119],{"class":78},[64,66555,66556,66558,66560,66562],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,66557,125],{"class":108},[64,66559,112],{"class":78},[64,66561,66367],{"class":115},[64,66563,119],{"class":78},[20,66565,384],{},[55,66567,66568],{"className":57,"code":53144,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,66569,66570],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,66571,66572,66574,66576,66578,66580,66582,66584,66586,66588],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,66573,394],{"class":78},[64,66575,83],{"class":82},[64,66577,86],{"class":78},[64,66579,89],{"class":82},[64,66581,86],{"class":78},[64,66583,94],{"class":82},[64,66585,86],{"class":78},[64,66587,2286],{"class":82},[64,66589,97],{"class":78},[428,66591,66593],{"id":66592},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66595,66596,66597,66599],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66598,53907],{}," places the item before that position.",[55,66601,66603],{"className":57,"code":66602,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66604,66605,66637,66661],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,66606,66607,66609,66611,66613,66615,66617,66619,66621,66623,66625,66627,66629,66631,66633,66635],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,66608,35720],{"class":70},[64,66610,75],{"class":74},[64,66612,79],{"class":78},[64,66614,2686],{"class":320},[64,66616,285],{"class":329},[64,66618,2686],{"class":320},[64,66620,86],{"class":78},[64,66622,3184],{"class":320},[64,66624,1269],{"class":329},[64,66626,2686],{"class":320},[64,66628,86],{"class":78},[64,66630,3184],{"class":320},[64,66632,18387],{"class":329},[64,66634,2686],{"class":320},[64,66636,97],{"class":78},[64,66638,66639,66641,66643,66645,66647,66649,66651,66653,66655,66657,66659],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,66640,35773],{"class":70},[64,66642,148],{"class":78},[64,66644,53590],{"class":115},[64,66646,112],{"class":78},[64,66648,1852],{"class":74},[64,66650,83],{"class":82},[64,66652,86],{"class":78},[64,66654,3184],{"class":320},[64,66656,9346],{"class":329},[64,66658,2686],{"class":320},[64,66660,119],{"class":78},[64,66662,66663,66665,66667,66669],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,66664,125],{"class":108},[64,66666,112],{"class":78},[64,66668,35773],{"class":115},[64,66670,119],{"class":78},[20,66672,384],{},[55,66674,66676],{"className":57,"code":66675,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66677,66678],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,66679,66680,66682,66684,66686,66688,66690,66692,66694,66696,66698,66700,66702,66704,66706,66708,66710,66712],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,66681,394],{"class":78},[64,66683,333],{"class":320},[64,66685,285],{"class":329},[64,66687,333],{"class":320},[64,66689,86],{"class":78},[64,66691,326],{"class":320},[64,66693,1269],{"class":329},[64,66695,333],{"class":320},[64,66697,86],{"class":78},[64,66699,326],{"class":320},[64,66701,9346],{"class":329},[64,66703,333],{"class":320},[64,66705,86],{"class":78},[64,66707,326],{"class":320},[64,66709,18387],{"class":329},[64,66711,333],{"class":320},[64,66713,97],{"class":78},[20,66715,66716,66717,2133],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[285,66718,66719],{"href":50617},"Python lists beginner guide",[50,66721,66723,10193,66725],{"id":66722},"insert-vs-append",[15,66724,53907],{},[15,66726,52291],{},[20,66728,66729],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[428,66731,1923,66733,10209],{"id":66732},"use-insert-when",[15,66734,53907],{},[30,66736,66737,66740],{},[33,66738,66739],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[33,66741,66742],{},"The order of the list matters",[428,66744,1923,66746,10209],{"id":66745},"use-append-when",[15,66747,52291],{},[30,66749,66750,66753],{},[33,66751,66752],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[33,66754,66755],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66757,916],{},[55,66759,66761],{"className":57,"code":66760,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66762,66763,66787,66791,66813,66823,66827,66845],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,66764,66765,66767,66769,66771,66773,66775,66777,66779,66781,66783,66785],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,66766,7379],{"class":70},[64,66768,75],{"class":74},[64,66770,79],{"class":78},[64,66772,2686],{"class":320},[64,66774,576],{"class":329},[64,66776,2686],{"class":320},[64,66778,86],{"class":78},[64,66780,3184],{"class":320},[64,66782,32847],{"class":329},[64,66784,2686],{"class":320},[64,66786,97],{"class":78},[64,66788,66789],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,66790,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,66792,66793,66795,66797,66799,66801,66803,66805,66807,66809,66811],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,66794,7410],{"class":70},[64,66796,148],{"class":78},[64,66798,53590],{"class":115},[64,66800,112],{"class":78},[64,66802,83],{"class":82},[64,66804,86],{"class":78},[64,66806,3184],{"class":320},[64,66808,585],{"class":329},[64,66810,2686],{"class":320},[64,66812,119],{"class":78},[64,66814,66815,66817,66819,66821],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,66816,125],{"class":108},[64,66818,112],{"class":78},[64,66820,7410],{"class":115},[64,66822,119],{"class":78},[64,66824,66825],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,66826,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,66828,66829,66831,66833,66835,66837,66839,66841,66843],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,66830,7410],{"class":70},[64,66832,148],{"class":78},[64,66834,13168],{"class":115},[64,66836,112],{"class":78},[64,66838,2686],{"class":320},[64,66840,22154],{"class":329},[64,66842,2686],{"class":320},[64,66844,119],{"class":78},[64,66846,66847,66849,66851,66853],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,66848,125],{"class":108},[64,66850,112],{"class":78},[64,66852,7410],{"class":115},[64,66854,119],{"class":78},[20,66856,384],{},[55,66858,66860],{"className":57,"code":66859,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,66861,66862,66890],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,66863,66864,66866,66868,66870,66872,66874,66876,66878,66880,66882,66884,66886,66888],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,66865,394],{"class":78},[64,66867,333],{"class":320},[64,66869,576],{"class":329},[64,66871,333],{"class":320},[64,66873,86],{"class":78},[64,66875,326],{"class":320},[64,66877,585],{"class":329},[64,66879,333],{"class":320},[64,66881,86],{"class":78},[64,66883,326],{"class":320},[64,66885,32847],{"class":329},[64,66887,333],{"class":320},[64,66889,97],{"class":78},[64,66891,66892,66894,66896,66898,66900,66902,66904,66906,66908,66910,66912,66914,66916,66918,66920,66922,66924],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,66893,394],{"class":78},[64,66895,333],{"class":320},[64,66897,576],{"class":329},[64,66899,333],{"class":320},[64,66901,86],{"class":78},[64,66903,326],{"class":320},[64,66905,585],{"class":329},[64,66907,333],{"class":320},[64,66909,86],{"class":78},[64,66911,326],{"class":320},[64,66913,32847],{"class":329},[64,66915,333],{"class":320},[64,66917,86],{"class":78},[64,66919,326],{"class":320},[64,66921,22154],{"class":329},[64,66923,333],{"class":320},[64,66925,97],{"class":78},[20,66927,66928,66929,148],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[285,66930,55159,66931,10349],{"href":56408},[15,66932,52291],{},[20,66934,66935,66936,148],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[285,66937,52688],{"href":52687},[50,66939,1023],{"id":1022},[20,66941,14349,66942,148],{},[15,66943,53907],{},[428,66945,12207,66947],{"id":66946},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,66948,53907],{},[20,66950,25313],{},[55,66952,66954],{"className":57,"code":66953,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,66955,66956,66976,66998,67002,67012],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,66957,66958,66960,66962,66964,66966,66968,66970,66972,66974],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,66959,71],{"class":70},[64,66961,75],{"class":74},[64,66963,79],{"class":78},[64,66965,83],{"class":82},[64,66967,86],{"class":78},[64,66969,89],{"class":82},[64,66971,86],{"class":78},[64,66973,94],{"class":82},[64,66975,97],{"class":78},[64,66977,66978,66980,66982,66984,66986,66988,66990,66992,66994,66996],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,66979,103],{"class":70},[64,66981,75],{"class":74},[64,66983,762],{"class":70},[64,66985,148],{"class":78},[64,66987,53590],{"class":115},[64,66989,112],{"class":78},[64,66991,83],{"class":82},[64,66993,86],{"class":78},[64,66995,9804],{"class":82},[64,66997,119],{"class":78},[64,66999,67000],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,67001,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,67003,67004,67006,67008,67010],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,67005,125],{"class":108},[64,67007,112],{"class":78},[64,67009,130],{"class":115},[64,67011,119],{"class":78},[64,67013,67014,67016,67018,67020],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,67015,125],{"class":108},[64,67017,112],{"class":78},[64,67019,116],{"class":115},[64,67021,119],{"class":78},[20,67023,384],{},[55,67025,67027],{"className":57,"code":67026,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67028,67029,67033],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,67030,67031],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67032,11420],{"class":338},[64,67034,67035,67037,67039,67041,67043,67045,67047,67049,67051],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,67036,394],{"class":78},[64,67038,83],{"class":82},[64,67040,86],{"class":78},[64,67042,9804],{"class":82},[64,67044,86],{"class":78},[64,67046,89],{"class":82},[64,67048,86],{"class":78},[64,67050,94],{"class":82},[64,67052,97],{"class":78},[20,67054,67055,53792,67057,148],{},[15,67056,53907],{},[15,67058,258],{},[20,67060,16261],{},[55,67062,67064],{"className":57,"code":67063,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67065,67066],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,67067,67068,67070,67072,67074,67076,67078,67080,67082,67084,67086],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67069,55529],{"class":70},[64,67071,75],{"class":74},[64,67073,762],{"class":70},[64,67075,148],{"class":78},[64,67077,53590],{"class":115},[64,67079,112],{"class":78},[64,67081,83],{"class":82},[64,67083,86],{"class":78},[64,67085,9804],{"class":82},[64,67087,119],{"class":78},[20,67089,67090],{},"Right:",[55,67092,67094],{"className":57,"code":67093,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67095,67096],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,67097,67098,67100,67102,67104,67106,67108,67110,67112],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67099,116],{"class":70},[64,67101,148],{"class":78},[64,67103,53590],{"class":115},[64,67105,112],{"class":78},[64,67107,83],{"class":82},[64,67109,86],{"class":78},[64,67111,9804],{"class":82},[64,67113,119],{"class":78},[428,67115,67117],{"id":67116},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67119,67120],{},"The correct order is:",[55,67122,67123],{"className":57,"code":65976,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,67124,67125],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,67126,67127,67129,67131,67133,67135,67137,67139,67141],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67128,7941],{"class":70},[64,67130,148],{"class":78},[64,67132,53590],{"class":115},[64,67134,112],{"class":78},[64,67136,35475],{"class":115},[64,67138,86],{"class":78},[64,67140,29131],{"class":115},[64,67142,119],{"class":78},[20,67144,67145],{},"Not:",[55,67147,67149],{"className":57,"code":67148,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67150,67151],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,67152,67153,67155,67157,67159,67161,67163,67165,67167],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67154,7941],{"class":70},[64,67156,148],{"class":78},[64,67158,53590],{"class":115},[64,67160,112],{"class":78},[64,67162,22932],{"class":115},[64,67164,86],{"class":78},[64,67166,35450],{"class":115},[64,67168,119],{"class":78},[20,67170,916],{},[55,67172,67173],{"className":57,"code":66018,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,67174,67175,67199,67221],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,67176,67177,67179,67181,67183,67185,67187,67189,67191,67193,67195,67197],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67178,35720],{"class":70},[64,67180,75],{"class":74},[64,67182,79],{"class":78},[64,67184,2686],{"class":320},[64,67186,285],{"class":329},[64,67188,2686],{"class":320},[64,67190,86],{"class":78},[64,67192,3184],{"class":320},[64,67194,9346],{"class":329},[64,67196,2686],{"class":320},[64,67198,97],{"class":78},[64,67200,67201,67203,67205,67207,67209,67211,67213,67215,67217,67219],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,67202,35773],{"class":70},[64,67204,148],{"class":78},[64,67206,53590],{"class":115},[64,67208,112],{"class":78},[64,67210,83],{"class":82},[64,67212,86],{"class":78},[64,67214,3184],{"class":320},[64,67216,1269],{"class":329},[64,67218,2686],{"class":320},[64,67220,119],{"class":78},[64,67222,67223,67225,67227,67229],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,67224,125],{"class":108},[64,67226,112],{"class":78},[64,67228,35773],{"class":115},[64,67230,119],{"class":78},[20,67232,384],{},[55,67234,67235],{"className":57,"code":42510,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,67236,67237],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,67238,67239,67241,67243,67245,67247,67249,67251,67253,67255,67257,67259,67261,67263],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67240,394],{"class":78},[64,67242,333],{"class":320},[64,67244,285],{"class":329},[64,67246,333],{"class":320},[64,67248,86],{"class":78},[64,67250,326],{"class":320},[64,67252,1269],{"class":329},[64,67254,333],{"class":320},[64,67256,86],{"class":78},[64,67258,326],{"class":320},[64,67260,9346],{"class":329},[64,67262,333],{"class":320},[64,67264,97],{"class":78},[428,67266,8056,67268,67270],{"id":67267},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67269,53907],{}," to replace an item",[20,67272,67273,67275],{},[15,67274,53907],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[55,67277,67279],{"className":57,"code":67278,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67280,67281,67301,67319],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,67282,67283,67285,67287,67289,67291,67293,67295,67297,67299],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67284,71],{"class":70},[64,67286,75],{"class":74},[64,67288,79],{"class":78},[64,67290,83],{"class":82},[64,67292,86],{"class":78},[64,67294,89],{"class":82},[64,67296,86],{"class":78},[64,67298,94],{"class":82},[64,67300,97],{"class":78},[64,67302,67303,67305,67307,67309,67311,67313,67315,67317],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,67304,116],{"class":70},[64,67306,148],{"class":78},[64,67308,53590],{"class":115},[64,67310,112],{"class":78},[64,67312,83],{"class":82},[64,67314,86],{"class":78},[64,67316,9804],{"class":82},[64,67318,119],{"class":78},[64,67320,67321,67323,67325,67327],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,67322,125],{"class":108},[64,67324,112],{"class":78},[64,67326,116],{"class":115},[64,67328,119],{"class":78},[20,67330,384],{},[55,67332,67334],{"className":57,"code":67333,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67335,67336],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,67337,67338,67340,67342,67344,67346,67348,67350,67352,67354],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67339,394],{"class":78},[64,67341,83],{"class":82},[64,67343,86],{"class":78},[64,67345,9804],{"class":82},[64,67347,86],{"class":78},[64,67349,89],{"class":82},[64,67351,86],{"class":78},[64,67353,94],{"class":82},[64,67355,97],{"class":78},[20,67357,67358],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[55,67360,67362],{"className":57,"code":67361,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67363,67364,67384,67398],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,67365,67366,67368,67370,67372,67374,67376,67378,67380,67382],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67367,71],{"class":70},[64,67369,75],{"class":74},[64,67371,79],{"class":78},[64,67373,83],{"class":82},[64,67375,86],{"class":78},[64,67377,89],{"class":82},[64,67379,86],{"class":78},[64,67381,94],{"class":82},[64,67383,97],{"class":78},[64,67385,67386,67388,67390,67392,67394,67396],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,67387,116],{"class":70},[64,67389,394],{"class":78},[64,67391,83],{"class":82},[64,67393,12888],{"class":78},[64,67395,12891],{"class":74},[64,67397,13746],{"class":82},[64,67399,67400,67402,67404,67406],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,67401,125],{"class":108},[64,67403,112],{"class":78},[64,67405,116],{"class":115},[64,67407,119],{"class":78},[20,67409,384],{},[55,67411,67413],{"className":57,"code":67412,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67414,67415],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,67416,67417,67419,67421,67423,67425,67427,67429],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67418,394],{"class":78},[64,67420,83],{"class":82},[64,67422,86],{"class":78},[64,67424,9804],{"class":82},[64,67426,86],{"class":78},[64,67428,94],{"class":82},[64,67430,97],{"class":78},[428,67432,67434],{"id":67433},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67436,67437,67439],{},[15,67438,53907],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67441,67442],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[55,67444,67446],{"className":57,"code":67445,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67447,67448,67464,67488],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,67449,67450,67452,67454,67456,67458,67460,67462],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67451,71],{"class":70},[64,67453,75],{"class":74},[64,67455,79],{"class":78},[64,67457,83],{"class":82},[64,67459,86],{"class":78},[64,67461,2286],{"class":82},[64,67463,97],{"class":78},[64,67465,67466,67468,67470,67472,67474,67476,67478,67480,67482,67484,67486],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,67467,116],{"class":70},[64,67469,148],{"class":78},[64,67471,53590],{"class":115},[64,67473,112],{"class":78},[64,67475,83],{"class":82},[64,67477,86],{"class":78},[64,67479,79],{"class":78},[64,67481,815],{"class":82},[64,67483,86],{"class":78},[64,67485,94],{"class":82},[64,67487,381],{"class":78},[64,67489,67490,67492,67494,67496],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,67491,125],{"class":108},[64,67493,112],{"class":78},[64,67495,116],{"class":115},[64,67497,119],{"class":78},[20,67499,384],{},[55,67501,67503],{"className":57,"code":67502,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67504,67505],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,67506,67507,67509,67511,67513,67515,67517,67519,67521,67523,67525],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67508,394],{"class":78},[64,67510,83],{"class":82},[64,67512,86],{"class":78},[64,67514,79],{"class":78},[64,67516,815],{"class":82},[64,67518,86],{"class":78},[64,67520,94],{"class":82},[64,67522,17681],{"class":78},[64,67524,2286],{"class":82},[64,67526,97],{"class":78},[20,67528,67529,67530,148],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[285,67531,55159,67532,10349],{"href":52983},[15,67533,53085],{},[428,67535,67537],{"id":67536},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67539,8480,67540,67542],{},[15,67541,53907],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[55,67544,67546],{"className":57,"code":67545,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67547,67548,67558,67572,67590,67604],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,67549,67550,67552,67554,67556],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67551,125],{"class":108},[64,67553,112],{"class":78},[64,67555,7941],{"class":115},[64,67557,119],{"class":78},[64,67559,67560,67562,67564,67566,67568,67570],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,67561,125],{"class":108},[64,67563,112],{"class":78},[64,67565,10771],{"class":108},[64,67567,112],{"class":78},[64,67569,7941],{"class":115},[64,67571,471],{"class":78},[64,67573,67574,67576,67578,67580,67582,67584,67586,67588],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,67575,125],{"class":108},[64,67577,112],{"class":78},[64,67579,7941],{"class":115},[64,67581,148],{"class":78},[64,67583,53590],{"class":24372},[64,67585,148],{"class":78},[64,67587,34073],{"class":34080},[64,67589,119],{"class":78},[64,67591,67592,67594,67596,67598,67600,67602],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,67593,31778],{"class":108},[64,67595,112],{"class":78},[64,67597,7695],{"class":357},[64,67599,148],{"class":78},[64,67601,53590],{"class":24372},[64,67603,119],{"class":78},[64,67605,67606,67608,67610,67612],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,67607,3052],{"class":357},[64,67609,112],{"class":78},[64,67611,7941],{"class":115},[64,67613,119],{"class":78},[20,67615,67616],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[30,67618,67619,67622,67625,67628],{},[33,67620,67621],{},"What is currently in the list",[33,67623,67624],{},"How long the list is",[33,67626,67627],{},"That you are working with a real list",[33,67629,67630],{},"How Python describes the method",[50,67632,1471,67634],{"id":67633},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67635,53907],{},[20,67637,1923,67638,67640],{},[15,67639,53907],{}," when position matters.",[20,67642,36056],{},[30,67644,67645,67648,67651,67654],{},[33,67646,67647],{},"Ordered menus",[33,67649,67650],{},"Rankings or score lists",[33,67652,67653],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[33,67655,67656],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67658,67659,67660,67662,67663,67665,67666,67668],{},"You usually do ",[221,67661,1138],{}," need ",[15,67664,53907],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67667,52291],{}," is simpler.",[20,67670,67671,67672,148],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[285,67673,56794],{"href":56793},[50,67675,1651],{"id":1650},[428,67677,12317,67679,55108],{"id":67678},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67680,53550],{},[20,67682,67683,67684,148],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67685,258],{},[428,67687,67689],{"id":67688},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67691,67692],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[428,67694,1684,67696,67698],{"id":67695},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67697,53550],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67700,67701,67702,67704],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67703,53085],{}," or slicing.",[428,67706,1694,67708,896,67710,1677],{"id":67707},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67709,53907],{},[15,67711,52291],{},[20,67713,67714,67716,67717,67719],{},[15,67715,53907],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67718,52291],{}," adds only at the end.",[50,67721,1717],{"id":1716},[30,67723,67724,67730,67736,67740,67744,67748],{},[33,67725,67726],{},[285,67727,55159,67728,10349],{"href":56408},[15,67729,52291],{},[33,67731,67732],{},[285,67733,55159,67734,10349],{"href":52983},[15,67735,53085],{},[33,67737,67738],{},[285,67739,53917],{"href":52687},[33,67741,67742],{},[285,67743,52410],{"href":50617},[33,67745,67746],{},[285,67747,56868],{"href":56793},[33,67749,67750],{},[285,67751,29972,67752,33260],{"href":53935},[15,67753,67754],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1751,67756,67757],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":67759},[67760,67762,67763,67764,67770,67777,67786,67788,67797],{"id":65945,"depth":100,"text":67761},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5023,"depth":100,"text":5024},{"id":5380,"depth":100,"text":5381},{"id":66317,"depth":100,"text":66318,"children":67765},[67766,67767,67768,67769],{"id":66329,"depth":122,"text":66330},{"id":66420,"depth":122,"text":66421},{"id":66506,"depth":122,"text":66507},{"id":66592,"depth":122,"text":66593},{"id":66722,"depth":100,"text":67771,"children":67772},"insert() vs append()",[67773,67775],{"id":66732,"depth":122,"text":67774},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66745,"depth":122,"text":67776},"Use append() when:",{"id":1022,"depth":100,"text":1023,"children":67778},[67779,67781,67782,67784,67785],{"id":66946,"depth":122,"text":67780},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67116,"depth":122,"text":67117},{"id":67267,"depth":122,"text":67783},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67433,"depth":122,"text":67434},{"id":67536,"depth":122,"text":67537},{"id":67633,"depth":100,"text":67787},"When to use insert()",{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":67789},[67790,67792,67793,67795],{"id":67678,"depth":122,"text":67791},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67688,"depth":122,"text":67689},{"id":67695,"depth":122,"text":67794},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67707,"depth":122,"text":67796},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65855,"description":67798},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67805,"title":67806,"body":67807,"description":69362,"extension":1791,"meta":69363,"navigation":346,"path":58613,"seo":69364,"stem":69365,"__hash__":69366},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67808,"toc":69335},[67809,67815,67824,67873,67875,67883,67889,67891,67909,67915,67920,67923,67926,67941,67943,67995,67997,68005,68013,68020,68022,68028,68093,68095,68103,68105,68124,68127,68178,68182,68187,68214,68216,68224,68227,68296,68298,68313,68319,68323,68332,68335,68390,68392,68400,68403,68405,68450,68452,68460,68466,68468,68476,68479,68481,68520,68522,68561,68566,68568,68570,68605,68608,68610,68648,68652,68658,68660,68711,68713,68721,68728,68731,68752,68755,68810,68821,68823,68884,68886,68895,68902,68908,68911,68914,68971,68974,68987,68994,69000,69006,69008,69021,69024,69121,69123,69140,69143,69225,69227,69249,69256,69262,69264,69268,69274,69280,69285,69289,69292,69298,69305,69307,69332],[10,67810,67812,67813,133],{"id":67811},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,67814,10771],{},[20,67816,67817,67818,67820,67821,67823],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,67819,41995],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,67822,41995],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[55,67825,67827],{"className":57,"code":67826,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,67828,67829,67849,67863],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,67830,67831,67833,67835,67837,67839,67841,67843,67845,67847],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67832,71],{"class":70},[64,67834,75],{"class":74},[64,67836,79],{"class":78},[64,67838,2160],{"class":82},[64,67840,86],{"class":78},[64,67842,7390],{"class":82},[64,67844,86],{"class":78},[64,67846,7395],{"class":82},[64,67848,97],{"class":78},[64,67850,67851,67853,67855,67857,67859,67861],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,67852,40875],{"class":70},[64,67854,75],{"class":74},[64,67856,38018],{"class":108},[64,67858,112],{"class":78},[64,67860,116],{"class":115},[64,67862,119],{"class":78},[64,67864,67865,67867,67869,67871],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,67866,125],{"class":108},[64,67868,112],{"class":78},[64,67870,40893],{"class":115},[64,67872,119],{"class":78},[20,67874,384],{},[55,67876,67877],{"className":57,"code":46253,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,67878,67879],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,67880,67881],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67882,46253],{"class":82},[20,67884,1923,67885,67888],{},[15,67886,67887],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[50,67890,14779],{"id":14778},[30,67892,67893,67898,67903,67906],{},[33,67894,696,67895,67897],{},[15,67896,41995],{}," works with Python lists",[33,67899,67900,67901,11317],{},"What value ",[15,67902,41995],{},[33,67904,67905],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[33,67907,67908],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[50,67910,152,67912,67914],{"id":67911},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,67913,41995],{}," returns for a list",[20,67916,67917,64727],{},[15,67918,67919],{},"len(my_list)",[20,67921,67922],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,67924,67925],{},"A few important points:",[30,67927,67928,67931,67936],{},[33,67929,67930],{},"It counts list items",[33,67932,40539,67933,67935],{},[221,67934,1138],{}," count characters inside a string item",[33,67937,67938,67939],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,67940,243],{},[20,67942,916],{},[55,67944,67946],{"className":57,"code":67945,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,67947,67948,67981],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,67949,67950,67952,67954,67956,67958,67960,67962,67964,67966,67969,67971,67973,67975,67977,67979],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,67951,567],{"class":70},[64,67953,75],{"class":74},[64,67955,79],{"class":78},[64,67957,2686],{"class":320},[64,67959,36678],{"class":329},[64,67961,2686],{"class":320},[64,67963,86],{"class":78},[64,67965,3184],{"class":320},[64,67967,67968],{"class":329},"elephant",[64,67970,2686],{"class":320},[64,67972,86],{"class":78},[64,67974,3184],{"class":320},[64,67976,57767],{"class":329},[64,67978,2686],{"class":320},[64,67980,97],{"class":78},[64,67982,67983,67985,67987,67989,67991,67993],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,67984,125],{"class":108},[64,67986,112],{"class":78},[64,67988,10771],{"class":108},[64,67990,112],{"class":78},[64,67992,611],{"class":115},[64,67994,471],{"class":78},[20,67996,384],{},[55,67998,67999],{"className":57,"code":46253,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,68000,68001],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,68002,68003],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68004,46253],{"class":82},[20,68006,20598,68007,68010,68011,64734],{},[15,68008,68009],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[221,68012,52295],{},[20,68014,68015,68016,148],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[285,68017,13,68018,1713],{"href":41992},[15,68019,41995],{},[50,68021,5381],{"id":5380},[20,68023,68024,68025,68027],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68026,41995],{},", and print the result.",[55,68029,68031],{"className":57,"code":68030,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68032,68033,68065,68079,68083],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,68034,68035,68037,68039,68041,68043,68045,68047,68049,68051,68053,68055,68057,68059,68061,68063],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68036,12690],{"class":70},[64,68038,75],{"class":74},[64,68040,79],{"class":78},[64,68042,2686],{"class":320},[64,68044,12707],{"class":329},[64,68046,2686],{"class":320},[64,68048,86],{"class":78},[64,68050,3184],{"class":320},[64,68052,17074],{"class":329},[64,68054,2686],{"class":320},[64,68056,86],{"class":78},[64,68058,3184],{"class":320},[64,68060,12724],{"class":329},[64,68062,2686],{"class":320},[64,68064,97],{"class":78},[64,68066,68067,68069,68071,68073,68075,68077],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,68068,40875],{"class":70},[64,68070,75],{"class":74},[64,68072,38018],{"class":108},[64,68074,112],{"class":78},[64,68076,17121],{"class":115},[64,68078,119],{"class":78},[64,68080,68081],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,68082,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,68084,68085,68087,68089,68091],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,68086,125],{"class":108},[64,68088,112],{"class":78},[64,68090,40893],{"class":115},[64,68092,119],{"class":78},[20,68094,384],{},[55,68096,68097],{"className":57,"code":46253,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,68098,68099],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,68100,68101],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68102,46253],{"class":82},[20,68104,11295],{},[30,68106,68107,68112,68119],{},[33,68108,68109,68111],{},[15,68110,17121],{}," is a list with 3 items",[33,68113,68114,44,68117],{},[15,68115,68116],{},"len(colors)",[15,68118,1892],{},[33,68120,68121,68122],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68123,40893],{},[20,68125,68126],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[55,68128,68130],{"className":57,"code":68129,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68131,68132,68164],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,68133,68134,68136,68138,68140,68142,68144,68146,68148,68150,68152,68154,68156,68158,68160,68162],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68135,12690],{"class":70},[64,68137,75],{"class":74},[64,68139,79],{"class":78},[64,68141,2686],{"class":320},[64,68143,12707],{"class":329},[64,68145,2686],{"class":320},[64,68147,86],{"class":78},[64,68149,3184],{"class":320},[64,68151,17074],{"class":329},[64,68153,2686],{"class":320},[64,68155,86],{"class":78},[64,68157,3184],{"class":320},[64,68159,12724],{"class":329},[64,68161,2686],{"class":320},[64,68163,97],{"class":78},[64,68165,68166,68168,68170,68172,68174,68176],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,68167,125],{"class":108},[64,68169,112],{"class":78},[64,68171,10771],{"class":108},[64,68173,112],{"class":78},[64,68175,17121],{"class":115},[64,68177,471],{"class":78},[50,68179,68181],{"id":68180},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68183,68184,68185,148],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68186,243],{},[55,68188,68190],{"className":57,"code":68189,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68191,68192,68200],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,68193,68194,68196,68198],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68195,7379],{"class":70},[64,68197,75],{"class":74},[64,68199,7439],{"class":78},[64,68201,68202,68204,68206,68208,68210,68212],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,68203,125],{"class":108},[64,68205,112],{"class":78},[64,68207,10771],{"class":108},[64,68209,112],{"class":78},[64,68211,7410],{"class":115},[64,68213,471],{"class":78},[20,68215,384],{},[55,68217,68218],{"className":57,"code":46888,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,68219,68220],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,68221,68222],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68223,46888],{"class":82},[20,68225,68226],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[55,68228,68230],{"className":57,"code":68229,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68231,68232,68240,68244,68262,68276,68282],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,68233,68234,68236,68238],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68235,7379],{"class":70},[64,68237,75],{"class":74},[64,68239,7439],{"class":78},[64,68241,68242],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,68243,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,68245,68246,68248,68250,68252,68254,68256,68258,68260],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,68247,6595],{"class":368},[64,68249,38018],{"class":108},[64,68251,112],{"class":78},[64,68253,7410],{"class":115},[64,68255,133],{"class":78},[64,68257,38028],{"class":74},[64,68259,315],{"class":82},[64,68261,5989],{"class":78},[64,68263,68264,68266,68268,68270,68272,68274],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,68265,7670],{"class":108},[64,68267,112],{"class":78},[64,68269,7410],{"class":115},[64,68271,394],{"class":78},[64,68273,243],{"class":82},[64,68275,381],{"class":78},[64,68277,68278,68280],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,68279,27057],{"class":368},[64,68281,5989],{"class":78},[64,68283,68284,68286,68288,68290,68292,68294],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,68285,7670],{"class":108},[64,68287,112],{"class":78},[64,68289,2686],{"class":320},[64,68291,51454],{"class":329},[64,68293,2686],{"class":320},[64,68295,119],{"class":78},[20,68297,384],{},[55,68299,68301],{"className":57,"code":68300,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"The list is empty\n",[15,68302,68303],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,68304,68305,68307,68309,68311],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68306,1808],{"class":70},[64,68308,7695],{"class":357},[64,68310,7698],{"class":74},[64,68312,7704],{"class":70},[20,68314,68315,68316,68318],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[285,68317,52410],{"href":50617}," is a good next step.",[50,68320,68322],{"id":68321},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68324,68325,68327,68328,68331],{},[15,68326,41995],{}," counts only the ",[221,68329,68330],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68333,68334],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[55,68336,68338],{"className":57,"code":68337,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68339,68340,68376],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,68341,68342,68344,68346,68348,68350,68352,68354,68356,68358,68360,68362,68364,68366,68368,68370,68372,68374],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68343,8771],{"class":70},[64,68345,75],{"class":74},[64,68347,55933],{"class":78},[64,68349,83],{"class":82},[64,68351,86],{"class":78},[64,68353,89],{"class":82},[64,68355,17681],{"class":78},[64,68357,79],{"class":78},[64,68359,1892],{"class":82},[64,68361,86],{"class":78},[64,68363,2286],{"class":82},[64,68365,17681],{"class":78},[64,68367,79],{"class":78},[64,68369,1107],{"class":82},[64,68371,86],{"class":78},[64,68373,37275],{"class":82},[64,68375,52881],{"class":78},[64,68377,68378,68380,68382,68384,68386,68388],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,68379,125],{"class":108},[64,68381,112],{"class":78},[64,68383,10771],{"class":108},[64,68385,112],{"class":78},[64,68387,8810],{"class":115},[64,68389,471],{"class":78},[20,68391,384],{},[55,68393,68394],{"className":57,"code":46253,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,68395,68396],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,68397,68398],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68399,46253],{"class":82},[20,68401,68402],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68404,51718],{},[55,68406,68408],{"className":57,"code":68407,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68409,68410,68436],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,68411,68412,68414,68416,68418,68420,68422,68424,68426,68428,68430,68432,68434],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68413,59113],{"class":70},[64,68415,75],{"class":74},[64,68417,79],{"class":78},[64,68419,83],{"class":82},[64,68421,86],{"class":78},[64,68423,79],{"class":78},[64,68425,815],{"class":82},[64,68427,86],{"class":78},[64,68429,94],{"class":82},[64,68431,17681],{"class":78},[64,68433,2286],{"class":82},[64,68435,97],{"class":78},[64,68437,68438,68440,68442,68444,68446,68448],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,68439,125],{"class":108},[64,68441,112],{"class":78},[64,68443,10771],{"class":108},[64,68445,112],{"class":78},[64,68447,59166],{"class":115},[64,68449,471],{"class":78},[20,68451,384],{},[55,68453,68454],{"className":57,"code":46253,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,68455,68456],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,68457,68458],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68459,46253],{"class":82},[20,68461,20598,68462,68465],{},[15,68463,68464],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[50,68467,1023],{"id":1022},[428,68469,8020,68471,10701,68474],{"id":68470},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68472,68473],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68475,67919],{},[20,68477,68478],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68480,16261],{},[55,68482,68484],{"className":57,"code":68483,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68485,68486,68506],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,68487,68488,68490,68492,68494,68496,68498,68500,68502,68504],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68489,71],{"class":70},[64,68491,75],{"class":74},[64,68493,79],{"class":78},[64,68495,2160],{"class":82},[64,68497,86],{"class":78},[64,68499,7390],{"class":82},[64,68501,86],{"class":78},[64,68503,7395],{"class":82},[64,68505,97],{"class":78},[64,68507,68508,68510,68512,68514,68516,68518],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,68509,125],{"class":108},[64,68511,112],{"class":78},[64,68513,116],{"class":115},[64,68515,148],{"class":78},[64,68517,10771],{"class":115},[64,68519,6792],{"class":78},[20,68521,16273],{},[55,68523,68525],{"className":57,"code":68524,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68526,68527,68547],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,68528,68529,68531,68533,68535,68537,68539,68541,68543,68545],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68530,71],{"class":70},[64,68532,75],{"class":74},[64,68534,79],{"class":78},[64,68536,2160],{"class":82},[64,68538,86],{"class":78},[64,68540,7390],{"class":82},[64,68542,86],{"class":78},[64,68544,7395],{"class":82},[64,68546,97],{"class":78},[64,68548,68549,68551,68553,68555,68557,68559],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,68550,125],{"class":108},[64,68552,112],{"class":78},[64,68554,10771],{"class":108},[64,68556,112],{"class":78},[64,68558,116],{"class":115},[64,68560,471],{"class":78},[20,68562,68563,68565],{},[15,68564,41995],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[428,68567,25310],{"id":25309},[20,68569,16261],{},[55,68571,68573],{"className":57,"code":68572,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68574,68575,68595],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,68576,68577,68579,68581,68583,68585,68587,68589,68591,68593],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68578,71],{"class":70},[64,68580,75],{"class":74},[64,68582,79],{"class":78},[64,68584,2160],{"class":82},[64,68586,86],{"class":78},[64,68588,7390],{"class":82},[64,68590,86],{"class":78},[64,68592,7395],{"class":82},[64,68594,97],{"class":78},[64,68596,68597,68599,68601,68603],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,68598,125],{"class":108},[64,68600,112],{"class":78},[64,68602,10771],{"class":108},[64,68604,119],{"class":78},[20,68606,68607],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68609,16273],{},[55,68611,68612],{"className":57,"code":68524,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,68613,68614,68634],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,68615,68616,68618,68620,68622,68624,68626,68628,68630,68632],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68617,71],{"class":70},[64,68619,75],{"class":74},[64,68621,79],{"class":78},[64,68623,2160],{"class":82},[64,68625,86],{"class":78},[64,68627,7390],{"class":82},[64,68629,86],{"class":78},[64,68631,7395],{"class":82},[64,68633,97],{"class":78},[64,68635,68636,68638,68640,68642,68644,68646],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,68637,125],{"class":108},[64,68639,112],{"class":78},[64,68641,10771],{"class":108},[64,68643,112],{"class":78},[64,68645,116],{"class":115},[64,68647,471],{"class":78},[428,68649,68651],{"id":68650},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68653,68654,68655,68657],{},"The length of a list is ",[221,68656,1138],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68659,916],{},[55,68661,68663],{"className":57,"code":68662,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68664,68665,68697],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,68666,68667,68669,68671,68673,68675,68677,68679,68681,68683,68685,68687,68689,68691,68693,68695],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68668,35720],{"class":70},[64,68670,75],{"class":74},[64,68672,79],{"class":78},[64,68674,2686],{"class":320},[64,68676,285],{"class":329},[64,68678,2686],{"class":320},[64,68680,86],{"class":78},[64,68682,3184],{"class":320},[64,68684,1269],{"class":329},[64,68686,2686],{"class":320},[64,68688,86],{"class":78},[64,68690,3184],{"class":320},[64,68692,9346],{"class":329},[64,68694,2686],{"class":320},[64,68696,97],{"class":78},[64,68698,68699,68701,68703,68705,68707,68709],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,68700,125],{"class":108},[64,68702,112],{"class":78},[64,68704,10771],{"class":108},[64,68706,112],{"class":78},[64,68708,35773],{"class":115},[64,68710,471],{"class":78},[20,68712,384],{},[55,68714,68715],{"className":57,"code":46253,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,68716,68717],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,68718,68719],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68720,46253],{"class":82},[20,68722,68723,68724,18583,68726,148],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68725,815],{},[15,68727,1892],{},[20,68729,68730],{},"Indexes are:",[30,68732,68733,68740,68746],{},[33,68734,68735,68737,68738],{},[15,68736,243],{}," for ",[15,68739,17715],{},[33,68741,68742,68737,68744],{},[15,68743,83],{},[15,68745,65237],{},[33,68747,68748,68737,68750],{},[15,68749,815],{},[15,68751,66123],{},[20,68753,68754],{},"So this causes an error:",[55,68756,68758],{"className":57,"code":68757,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68759,68760,68792],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,68761,68762,68764,68766,68768,68770,68772,68774,68776,68778,68780,68782,68784,68786,68788,68790],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68763,35720],{"class":70},[64,68765,75],{"class":74},[64,68767,79],{"class":78},[64,68769,2686],{"class":320},[64,68771,285],{"class":329},[64,68773,2686],{"class":320},[64,68775,86],{"class":78},[64,68777,3184],{"class":320},[64,68779,1269],{"class":329},[64,68781,2686],{"class":320},[64,68783,86],{"class":78},[64,68785,3184],{"class":320},[64,68787,9346],{"class":329},[64,68789,2686],{"class":320},[64,68791,97],{"class":78},[64,68793,68794,68796,68798,68800,68802,68804,68806,68808],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,68795,125],{"class":108},[64,68797,112],{"class":78},[64,68799,35773],{"class":115},[64,68801,394],{"class":78},[64,68803,10771],{"class":108},[64,68805,112],{"class":78},[64,68807,35773],{"class":115},[64,68809,10287],{"class":78},[20,68811,8099,68812,1292,68815,68817,68818,68820],{},[15,68813,68814],{},"len(letters)",[15,68816,1892],{},", and index ",[15,68819,1892],{}," does not exist.",[20,68822,18460],{},[55,68824,68826],{"className":57,"code":68825,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,68827,68828,68860],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,68829,68830,68832,68834,68836,68838,68840,68842,68844,68846,68848,68850,68852,68854,68856,68858],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68831,35720],{"class":70},[64,68833,75],{"class":74},[64,68835,79],{"class":78},[64,68837,2686],{"class":320},[64,68839,285],{"class":329},[64,68841,2686],{"class":320},[64,68843,86],{"class":78},[64,68845,3184],{"class":320},[64,68847,1269],{"class":329},[64,68849,2686],{"class":320},[64,68851,86],{"class":78},[64,68853,3184],{"class":320},[64,68855,9346],{"class":329},[64,68857,2686],{"class":320},[64,68859,97],{"class":78},[64,68861,68862,68864,68866,68868,68870,68872,68874,68876,68878,68880,68882],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,68863,125],{"class":108},[64,68865,112],{"class":78},[64,68867,35773],{"class":115},[64,68869,394],{"class":78},[64,68871,10771],{"class":108},[64,68873,112],{"class":78},[64,68875,35773],{"class":115},[64,68877,133],{"class":78},[64,68879,812],{"class":74},[64,68881,5091],{"class":82},[64,68883,381],{"class":78},[20,68885,384],{},[55,68887,68889],{"className":57,"code":68888,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"c\n",[15,68890,68891],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,68892,68893],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68894,68888],{"class":70},[20,68896,68897,68898,148],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[285,68899,68901],{"href":68900},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[428,68903,8020,68905,68907],{"id":68904},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,68906,41995],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,68909,68910],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,68912,68913],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[55,68915,68917],{"className":57,"code":68916,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,68918,68919,68929,68943,68957],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,68920,68921,68923,68925,68927],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,68922,125],{"class":108},[64,68924,112],{"class":78},[64,68926,7941],{"class":115},[64,68928,119],{"class":78},[64,68930,68931,68933,68935,68937,68939,68941],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,68932,125],{"class":108},[64,68934,112],{"class":78},[64,68936,10771],{"class":108},[64,68938,112],{"class":78},[64,68940,7941],{"class":115},[64,68942,471],{"class":78},[64,68944,68945,68947,68949,68951,68953,68955],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,68946,125],{"class":108},[64,68948,112],{"class":78},[64,68950,3052],{"class":357},[64,68952,112],{"class":78},[64,68954,7941],{"class":115},[64,68956,471],{"class":78},[64,68958,68959,68961,68963,68965,68967,68969],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,68960,125],{"class":108},[64,68962,112],{"class":78},[64,68964,7941],{"class":115},[64,68966,394],{"class":78},[64,68968,243],{"class":82},[64,68970,381],{"class":78},[20,68972,68973],{},"These help you verify:",[30,68975,68976,68979,68981,68984],{},[33,68977,68978],{},"what the variable contains",[33,68980,60425],{},[33,68982,68983],{},"whether it is really a list",[33,68985,68986],{},"what the first item is",[20,68988,68989,68990,68993],{},"Be careful with ",[15,68991,68992],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[50,68995,1471,68997,68999],{"id":68996},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,68998,41995],{}," with lists",[20,69001,69002,69003,69005],{},"You will often use ",[15,69004,41995],{}," in real programs.",[20,69007,8980],{},[30,69009,69010,69012,69015,69018],{},[33,69011,51408],{},[33,69013,69014],{},"Control loops",[33,69016,69017],{},"Validate input or results",[33,69019,69020],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69022,69023],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[55,69025,69027],{"className":57,"code":69026,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69028,69029,69049,69065,69069,69083,69097],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,69030,69031,69033,69035,69037,69039,69041,69043,69045,69047],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,69032,2384],{"class":70},[64,69034,75],{"class":74},[64,69036,79],{"class":78},[64,69038,83],{"class":82},[64,69040,86],{"class":78},[64,69042,89],{"class":82},[64,69044,86],{"class":78},[64,69046,94],{"class":82},[64,69048,97],{"class":78},[64,69050,69051,69053,69055,69057,69059,69061,69063],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,69052,2412],{"class":70},[64,69054,75],{"class":74},[64,69056,79],{"class":78},[64,69058,2160],{"class":82},[64,69060,86],{"class":78},[64,69062,7390],{"class":82},[64,69064,97],{"class":78},[64,69066,69067],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,69068,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,69070,69071,69073,69075,69077,69079,69081],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,69072,125],{"class":108},[64,69074,112],{"class":78},[64,69076,10771],{"class":108},[64,69078,112],{"class":78},[64,69080,285],{"class":115},[64,69082,471],{"class":78},[64,69084,69085,69087,69089,69091,69093,69095],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,69086,125],{"class":108},[64,69088,112],{"class":78},[64,69090,10771],{"class":108},[64,69092,112],{"class":78},[64,69094,1269],{"class":115},[64,69096,471],{"class":78},[64,69098,69099,69101,69103,69105,69107,69109,69111,69113,69115,69117,69119],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,69100,125],{"class":108},[64,69102,112],{"class":78},[64,69104,10771],{"class":108},[64,69106,112],{"class":78},[64,69108,285],{"class":115},[64,69110,133],{"class":78},[64,69112,38028],{"class":74},[64,69114,38018],{"class":108},[64,69116,112],{"class":78},[64,69118,1269],{"class":115},[64,69120,471],{"class":78},[20,69122,384],{},[55,69124,69126],{"className":57,"code":69125,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69127,69128,69132,69136],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,69129,69130],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,69131,46253],{"class":82},[64,69133,69134],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,69135,16674],{"class":82},[64,69137,69138],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,69139,476],{"class":338},[20,69141,69142],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[55,69144,69146],{"className":57,"code":69145,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69147,69148,69180,69184,69206],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,69149,69150,69152,69154,69156,69158,69160,69162,69164,69166,69168,69170,69172,69174,69176,69178],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,69151,1505],{"class":70},[64,69153,75],{"class":74},[64,69155,79],{"class":78},[64,69157,2686],{"class":320},[64,69159,12494],{"class":329},[64,69161,2686],{"class":320},[64,69163,86],{"class":78},[64,69165,3184],{"class":320},[64,69167,35570],{"class":329},[64,69169,2686],{"class":320},[64,69171,86],{"class":78},[64,69173,3184],{"class":320},[64,69175,35579],{"class":329},[64,69177,2686],{"class":320},[64,69179,97],{"class":78},[64,69181,69182],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,69183,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,69185,69186,69188,69191,69193,69195,69197,69199,69201,69203],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,69187,5552],{"class":368},[64,69189,69190],{"class":70}," i ",[64,69192,375],{"class":368},[64,69194,53709],{"class":108},[64,69196,112],{"class":78},[64,69198,10771],{"class":108},[64,69200,112],{"class":78},[64,69202,1549],{"class":115},[64,69204,69205],{"class":78},")):\n",[64,69207,69208,69210,69212,69214,69216,69219,69221,69223],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,69209,7670],{"class":108},[64,69211,112],{"class":78},[64,69213,35784],{"class":115},[64,69215,86],{"class":78},[64,69217,69218],{"class":115}," names",[64,69220,394],{"class":78},[64,69222,35784],{"class":115},[64,69224,381],{"class":78},[20,69226,384],{},[55,69228,69229],{"className":57,"code":35628,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,69230,69231,69237,69243],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,69232,69233,69235],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,69234,243],{"class":82},[64,69236,35637],{"class":70},[64,69238,69239,69241],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,69240,83],{"class":82},[64,69242,35644],{"class":70},[64,69244,69245,69247],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,69246,815],{"class":82},[64,69248,35651],{"class":70},[20,69250,69251,69252,148],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[285,69253,69255],{"href":69254},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69257,69258,69259,69261],{},"You can also read ",[285,69260,51185],{"href":51184}," for a task-focused guide.",[50,69263,1651],{"id":1650},[428,69265,69267],{"id":69266},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69269,1923,69270,69273],{},[15,69271,69272],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[428,69275,1655,69277,12329],{"id":69276},"what-does-len-return",[15,69278,69279],{},"len([])",[20,69281,1661,69282,69284],{},[15,69283,243],{}," because the list is empty.",[428,69286,69288],{"id":69287},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69290,69291],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[428,69293,27952,69295,69297],{"id":69294},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69296,68473],{}," in Python?",[20,69299,29895,69300,7824,69302,69304],{},[15,69301,67919],{},[15,69303,41995],{}," is a built-in function.",[50,69306,1717],{"id":1716},[30,69308,69309,69315,69319,69323,69327],{},[33,69310,69311],{},[285,69312,13,69313,1713],{"href":41992},[15,69314,41995],{},[33,69316,69317],{},[285,69318,52229],{"href":51184},[33,69320,69321],{},[285,69322,52410],{"href":50617},[33,69324,69325],{},[285,69326,68901],{"href":68900},[33,69328,69329],{},[285,69330,69331],{"href":69254},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1751,69333,69334],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":69336},[69337,69338,69340,69341,69342,69343,69351,69353,69361],{"id":14778,"depth":100,"text":14779},{"id":67911,"depth":100,"text":69339},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5380,"depth":100,"text":5381},{"id":68180,"depth":100,"text":68181},{"id":68321,"depth":100,"text":68322},{"id":1022,"depth":100,"text":1023,"children":69344},[69345,69347,69348,69349],{"id":68470,"depth":122,"text":69346},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25309,"depth":122,"text":25310},{"id":68650,"depth":122,"text":68651},{"id":68904,"depth":122,"text":69350},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":68996,"depth":100,"text":69352},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":69354},[69355,69356,69358,69359],{"id":69266,"depth":122,"text":69267},{"id":69276,"depth":122,"text":69357},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69287,"depth":122,"text":69288},{"id":69294,"depth":122,"text":69360},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67806,"description":69362},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69368,"title":69369,"body":69370,"description":71352,"extension":1791,"meta":71353,"navigation":346,"path":71354,"seo":71355,"stem":71356,"__hash__":71357},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69371,"toc":71325},[69372,69375,69380,69383,69391,69404,69406,69471,69473,69495,69500,69504,69509,69517,69519,69529,69531,69612,69614,69644,69646,69665,69670,69687,69689,69773,69775,69805,69810,69814,69820,69904,69906,69936,69939,69943,69946,70037,70039,70077,70080,70165,70167,70197,70203,70210,70214,70219,70228,70230,70315,70317,70346,70349,70357,70361,70365,70374,70397,70399,70421,70423,70437,70439,70499,70503,70508,70547,70549,70566,70568,70578,70677,70682,70686,70691,70734,70736,70764,70766,70780,70855,70857,70879,70883,70886,70891,70902,70907,70915,70918,70989,70991,71016,71073,71075,71096,71105,71113,71118,71120,71125,71146,71149,71224,71227,71241,71248,71250,71254,71260,71264,71274,71278,71285,71289,71295,71297,71322],[10,69373,69369],{"id":69374},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69376,69377,69379],{},[15,69378,54721],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69381,69382],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[30,69384,69385,69388],{},[33,69386,69387],{},"delete an item from a list",[33,69389,69390],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69392,69393,69394,69396,69397,8309,69399,69403],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69395,12376],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69398,12376],{},[285,69400,69401],{"href":54711},[15,69402,55168],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[50,69405,1833],{"id":1832},[55,69407,69409],{"className":57,"code":69408,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69410,69411,69431,69446,69450,69461],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,69412,69413,69415,69417,69419,69421,69423,69425,69427,69429],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,69414,71],{"class":70},[64,69416,75],{"class":74},[64,69418,79],{"class":78},[64,69420,2160],{"class":82},[64,69422,86],{"class":78},[64,69424,7390],{"class":82},[64,69426,86],{"class":78},[64,69428,7395],{"class":82},[64,69430,97],{"class":78},[64,69432,69433,69436,69438,69440,69442,69444],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,69434,69435],{"class":70},"last_item ",[64,69437,75],{"class":74},[64,69439,762],{"class":70},[64,69441,148],{"class":78},[64,69443,25864],{"class":115},[64,69445,8247],{"class":78},[64,69447,69448],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,69449,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,69451,69452,69454,69456,69459],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,69453,125],{"class":108},[64,69455,112],{"class":78},[64,69457,69458],{"class":115},"last_item",[64,69460,119],{"class":78},[64,69462,69463,69465,69467,69469],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,69464,125],{"class":108},[64,69466,112],{"class":78},[64,69468,116],{"class":115},[64,69470,119],{"class":78},[20,69472,384],{},[55,69474,69476],{"className":57,"code":69475,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69477,69478,69483],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,69479,69480],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,69481,69482],{"class":82},"30\n",[64,69484,69485,69487,69489,69491,69493],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,69486,394],{"class":78},[64,69488,2160],{"class":82},[64,69490,86],{"class":78},[64,69492,7390],{"class":82},[64,69494,97],{"class":78},[20,69496,1923,69497,69499],{},[15,69498,12376],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[50,69501,69503],{"id":69502},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69505,69506,69508],{},[15,69507,12376],{}," has two main jobs:",[30,69510,69511,69514],{},[33,69512,69513],{},"It removes one item from a list",[33,69515,69516],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69518,43285],{},[30,69520,69521,69524,69527],{},[33,69522,69523],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[33,69525,69526],{},"It changes the original list",[33,69528,52384],{},[20,69530,916],{},[55,69532,69534],{"className":57,"code":69533,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69535,69536,69568,69572,69587,69591,69602],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,69537,69538,69540,69542,69544,69546,69548,69550,69552,69554,69556,69558,69560,69562,69564,69566],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,69539,12690],{"class":70},[64,69541,75],{"class":74},[64,69543,79],{"class":78},[64,69545,2686],{"class":320},[64,69547,12707],{"class":329},[64,69549,2686],{"class":320},[64,69551,86],{"class":78},[64,69553,3184],{"class":320},[64,69555,17074],{"class":329},[64,69557,2686],{"class":320},[64,69559,86],{"class":78},[64,69561,3184],{"class":320},[64,69563,12724],{"class":329},[64,69565,2686],{"class":320},[64,69567,97],{"class":78},[64,69569,69570],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,69571,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,69573,69574,69577,69579,69581,69583,69585],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,69575,69576],{"class":70},"removed ",[64,69578,75],{"class":74},[64,69580,12738],{"class":70},[64,69582,148],{"class":78},[64,69584,25864],{"class":115},[64,69586,8247],{"class":78},[64,69588,69589],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,69590,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,69592,69593,69595,69597,69600],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,69594,125],{"class":108},[64,69596,112],{"class":78},[64,69598,69599],{"class":115},"removed",[64,69601,119],{"class":78},[64,69603,69604,69606,69608,69610],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,69605,125],{"class":108},[64,69607,112],{"class":78},[64,69609,17121],{"class":115},[64,69611,119],{"class":78},[20,69613,384],{},[55,69615,69617],{"className":57,"code":69616,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69618,69619,69624],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,69620,69621],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,69622,69623],{"class":70},"blue\n",[64,69625,69626,69628,69630,69632,69634,69636,69638,69640,69642],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,69627,394],{"class":78},[64,69629,333],{"class":320},[64,69631,12707],{"class":329},[64,69633,333],{"class":320},[64,69635,86],{"class":78},[64,69637,326],{"class":320},[64,69639,17074],{"class":329},[64,69641,333],{"class":320},[64,69643,97],{"class":78},[50,69645,1988],{"id":1987},[55,69647,69649],{"className":57,"code":69648,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69650,69651],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,69652,69653,69655,69657,69659,69661,69663],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,69654,7695],{"class":357},[64,69656,148],{"class":78},[64,69658,25864],{"class":115},[64,69660,354],{"class":78},[64,69662,35475],{"class":115},[64,69664,381],{"class":78},[20,69666,1808,69667,69669],{},[15,69668,35475],{}," is optional.",[30,69671,69672,69678,69684],{},[33,69673,69674,69675,69677],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69676,12376],{}," removes the last item",[33,69679,69680,69681,69683],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69682,12376],{}," removes the item at that position",[33,69685,69686],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69688,916],{},[55,69690,69692],{"className":57,"code":69691,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69693,69694,69726,69730,69749,69753,69763],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,69695,69696,69698,69700,69702,69704,69706,69708,69710,69712,69714,69716,69718,69720,69722,69724],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,69697,35720],{"class":70},[64,69699,75],{"class":74},[64,69701,79],{"class":78},[64,69703,2686],{"class":320},[64,69705,285],{"class":329},[64,69707,2686],{"class":320},[64,69709,86],{"class":78},[64,69711,3184],{"class":320},[64,69713,1269],{"class":329},[64,69715,2686],{"class":320},[64,69717,86],{"class":78},[64,69719,3184],{"class":320},[64,69721,9346],{"class":329},[64,69723,2686],{"class":320},[64,69725,97],{"class":78},[64,69727,69728],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,69729,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,69731,69732,69734,69736,69739,69741,69743,69745,69747],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,69733,28162],{"class":70},[64,69735,75],{"class":74},[64,69737,69738],{"class":70}," letters",[64,69740,148],{"class":78},[64,69742,25864],{"class":115},[64,69744,112],{"class":78},[64,69746,83],{"class":82},[64,69748,119],{"class":78},[64,69750,69751],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,69752,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,69754,69755,69757,69759,69761],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,69756,125],{"class":108},[64,69758,112],{"class":78},[64,69760,22932],{"class":115},[64,69762,119],{"class":78},[64,69764,69765,69767,69769,69771],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,69766,125],{"class":108},[64,69768,112],{"class":78},[64,69770,35773],{"class":115},[64,69772,119],{"class":78},[20,69774,384],{},[55,69776,69778],{"className":57,"code":69777,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,69779,69780,69785],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,69781,69782],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,69783,69784],{"class":70},"b\n",[64,69786,69787,69789,69791,69793,69795,69797,69799,69801,69803],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,69788,394],{"class":78},[64,69790,333],{"class":320},[64,69792,285],{"class":329},[64,69794,333],{"class":320},[64,69796,86],{"class":78},[64,69798,326],{"class":320},[64,69800,9346],{"class":329},[64,69802,333],{"class":320},[64,69804,97],{"class":78},[20,69806,69807,69808,148],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[285,69809,52410],{"href":50617},[50,69811,69813],{"id":69812},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,69815,69816,69817,69819],{},"When you call ",[15,69818,12376],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[55,69821,69823],{"className":57,"code":69822,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,69824,69825,69860,69864,69879,69883,69894],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,69826,69827,69829,69831,69833,69835,69838,69840,69842,69844,69847,69849,69851,69853,69856,69858],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,69828,29522],{"class":70},[64,69830,75],{"class":74},[64,69832,79],{"class":78},[64,69834,2686],{"class":320},[64,69836,69837],{"class":329},"write",[64,69839,2686],{"class":320},[64,69841,86],{"class":78},[64,69843,3184],{"class":320},[64,69845,69846],{"class":329},"test",[64,69848,2686],{"class":320},[64,69850,86],{"class":78},[64,69852,3184],{"class":320},[64,69854,69855],{"class":329},"submit",[64,69857,2686],{"class":320},[64,69859,97],{"class":78},[64,69861,69862],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,69863,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,69865,69866,69869,69871,69873,69875,69877],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,69867,69868],{"class":70},"last_task ",[64,69870,75],{"class":74},[64,69872,29600],{"class":70},[64,69874,148],{"class":78},[64,69876,25864],{"class":115},[64,69878,8247],{"class":78},[64,69880,69881],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,69882,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,69884,69885,69887,69889,69892],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,69886,125],{"class":108},[64,69888,112],{"class":78},[64,69890,69891],{"class":115},"last_task",[64,69893,119],{"class":78},[64,69895,69896,69898,69900,69902],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,69897,125],{"class":108},[64,69899,112],{"class":78},[64,69901,36136],{"class":115},[64,69903,119],{"class":78},[20,69905,384],{},[55,69907,69909],{"className":57,"code":69908,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,69910,69911,69916],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,69912,69913],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,69914,69915],{"class":70},"submit\n",[64,69917,69918,69920,69922,69924,69926,69928,69930,69932,69934],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,69919,394],{"class":78},[64,69921,333],{"class":320},[64,69923,69837],{"class":329},[64,69925,333],{"class":320},[64,69927,86],{"class":78},[64,69929,326],{"class":320},[64,69931,69846],{"class":329},[64,69933,333],{"class":320},[64,69935,97],{"class":78},[20,69937,69938],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[50,69940,69942],{"id":69941},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,69944,69945],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[55,69947,69949],{"className":57,"code":69948,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69950,69951,69991,69995,70013,70017,70027],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,69952,69953,69955,69957,69959,69961,69963,69965,69967,69969,69971,69973,69975,69977,69979,69981,69983,69985,69987,69989],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,69954,35869],{"class":70},[64,69956,75],{"class":74},[64,69958,79],{"class":78},[64,69960,2686],{"class":320},[64,69962,576],{"class":329},[64,69964,2686],{"class":320},[64,69966,86],{"class":78},[64,69968,3184],{"class":320},[64,69970,585],{"class":329},[64,69972,2686],{"class":320},[64,69974,86],{"class":78},[64,69976,3184],{"class":320},[64,69978,594],{"class":329},[64,69980,2686],{"class":320},[64,69982,86],{"class":78},[64,69984,3184],{"class":320},[64,69986,32847],{"class":329},[64,69988,2686],{"class":320},[64,69990,97],{"class":78},[64,69992,69993],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,69994,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,69996,69997,69999,70001,70003,70005,70007,70009,70011],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,69998,69576],{"class":70},[64,70000,75],{"class":74},[64,70002,52490],{"class":70},[64,70004,148],{"class":78},[64,70006,25864],{"class":115},[64,70008,112],{"class":78},[64,70010,83],{"class":82},[64,70012,119],{"class":78},[64,70014,70015],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,70016,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,70018,70019,70021,70023,70025],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,70020,125],{"class":108},[64,70022,112],{"class":78},[64,70024,69599],{"class":115},[64,70026,119],{"class":78},[64,70028,70029,70031,70033,70035],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,70030,125],{"class":108},[64,70032,112],{"class":78},[64,70034,35921],{"class":115},[64,70036,119],{"class":78},[20,70038,384],{},[55,70040,70042],{"className":57,"code":70041,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70043,70044,70049],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,70045,70046],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70047,70048],{"class":70},"banana\n",[64,70050,70051,70053,70055,70057,70059,70061,70063,70065,70067,70069,70071,70073,70075],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,70052,394],{"class":78},[64,70054,333],{"class":320},[64,70056,576],{"class":329},[64,70058,333],{"class":320},[64,70060,86],{"class":78},[64,70062,326],{"class":320},[64,70064,594],{"class":329},[64,70066,333],{"class":320},[64,70068,86],{"class":78},[64,70070,326],{"class":320},[64,70072,32847],{"class":329},[64,70074,333],{"class":320},[64,70076,97],{"class":78},[20,70078,70079],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[55,70081,70083],{"className":57,"code":70082,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70084,70085,70117,70121,70141,70145,70155],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,70086,70087,70089,70091,70093,70095,70097,70099,70101,70103,70105,70107,70109,70111,70113,70115],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70088,35869],{"class":70},[64,70090,75],{"class":74},[64,70092,79],{"class":78},[64,70094,2686],{"class":320},[64,70096,576],{"class":329},[64,70098,2686],{"class":320},[64,70100,86],{"class":78},[64,70102,3184],{"class":320},[64,70104,585],{"class":329},[64,70106,2686],{"class":320},[64,70108,86],{"class":78},[64,70110,3184],{"class":320},[64,70112,594],{"class":329},[64,70114,2686],{"class":320},[64,70116,97],{"class":78},[64,70118,70119],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,70120,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,70122,70123,70125,70127,70129,70131,70133,70135,70137,70139],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,70124,69576],{"class":70},[64,70126,75],{"class":74},[64,70128,52490],{"class":70},[64,70130,148],{"class":78},[64,70132,25864],{"class":115},[64,70134,112],{"class":78},[64,70136,1852],{"class":74},[64,70138,83],{"class":82},[64,70140,119],{"class":78},[64,70142,70143],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,70144,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,70146,70147,70149,70151,70153],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,70148,125],{"class":108},[64,70150,112],{"class":78},[64,70152,69599],{"class":115},[64,70154,119],{"class":78},[64,70156,70157,70159,70161,70163],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,70158,125],{"class":108},[64,70160,112],{"class":78},[64,70162,35921],{"class":115},[64,70164,119],{"class":78},[20,70166,384],{},[55,70168,70170],{"className":57,"code":70169,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70171,70172,70177],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,70173,70174],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70175,70176],{"class":70},"cherry\n",[64,70178,70179,70181,70183,70185,70187,70189,70191,70193,70195],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,70180,394],{"class":78},[64,70182,333],{"class":320},[64,70184,576],{"class":329},[64,70186,333],{"class":320},[64,70188,86],{"class":78},[64,70190,326],{"class":320},[64,70192,585],{"class":329},[64,70194,333],{"class":320},[64,70196,97],{"class":78},[20,70198,70199,70200,70202],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70201,65496],{}," means the last item.",[20,70204,70205,70206,148],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[285,70207,70208,10349],{"href":58605},[15,70209,64507],{},[50,70211,70213],{"id":70212},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70215,70216,70218],{},[15,70217,12376],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70220,70221,70222,896,70224,148],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70223,12376],{},[285,70225,70226],{"href":54711},[15,70227,55168],{},[20,70229,916],{},[55,70231,70233],{"className":57,"code":70232,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70234,70235,70267,70271,70290,70294,70305],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,70236,70237,70239,70241,70243,70245,70247,70249,70251,70253,70255,70257,70259,70261,70263,70265],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70238,1505],{"class":70},[64,70240,75],{"class":74},[64,70242,79],{"class":78},[64,70244,2686],{"class":320},[64,70246,12494],{"class":329},[64,70248,2686],{"class":320},[64,70250,86],{"class":78},[64,70252,3184],{"class":320},[64,70254,35570],{"class":329},[64,70256,2686],{"class":320},[64,70258,86],{"class":78},[64,70260,3184],{"class":320},[64,70262,35579],{"class":329},[64,70264,2686],{"class":320},[64,70266,97],{"class":78},[64,70268,70269],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,70270,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,70272,70273,70276,70278,70280,70282,70284,70286,70288],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,70274,70275],{"class":70},"removed_name ",[64,70277,75],{"class":74},[64,70279,69218],{"class":70},[64,70281,148],{"class":78},[64,70283,25864],{"class":115},[64,70285,112],{"class":78},[64,70287,243],{"class":82},[64,70289,119],{"class":78},[64,70291,70292],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,70293,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,70295,70296,70298,70300,70303],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,70297,125],{"class":108},[64,70299,112],{"class":78},[64,70301,70302],{"class":115},"removed_name",[64,70304,119],{"class":78},[64,70306,70307,70309,70311,70313],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,70308,125],{"class":108},[64,70310,112],{"class":78},[64,70312,1549],{"class":115},[64,70314,119],{"class":78},[20,70316,384],{},[55,70318,70320],{"className":57,"code":70319,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70321,70322,70326],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,70323,70324],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70325,49677],{"class":70},[64,70327,70328,70330,70332,70334,70336,70338,70340,70342,70344],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,70329,394],{"class":78},[64,70331,333],{"class":320},[64,70333,35570],{"class":329},[64,70335,333],{"class":320},[64,70337,86],{"class":78},[64,70339,326],{"class":320},[64,70341,35579],{"class":329},[64,70343,333],{"class":320},[64,70345,97],{"class":78},[20,70347,70348],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70350,70351,70352,70354,70355,148],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70353,55168],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70356,258],{},[50,70358,70360],{"id":70359},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[428,70362,70364],{"id":70363},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70366,70367,70368,70370,70371,148],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70369,12376],{}," raises an ",[15,70372,70373],{},"IndexError",[55,70375,70377],{"className":57,"code":70376,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70378,70379,70387],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,70380,70381,70383,70385],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70382,7379],{"class":70},[64,70384,75],{"class":74},[64,70386,7439],{"class":78},[64,70388,70389,70391,70393,70395],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,70390,7410],{"class":70},[64,70392,148],{"class":78},[64,70394,25864],{"class":115},[64,70396,8247],{"class":78},[20,70398,384],{},[55,70400,70402],{"className":57,"code":70401,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70403,70404],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,70405,70406,70408,70410,70413,70416,70419],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70407,70373],{"class":357},[64,70409,160],{"class":78},[64,70411,70412],{"class":70}," pop ",[64,70414,70415],{"class":368},"from",[64,70417,70418],{"class":70}," empty ",[64,70420,49523],{"class":357},[20,70422,38894],{},[30,70424,70425,70430],{},[33,70426,70427,70428],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70429,12376],{},[33,70431,70432,70433,896,70435],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70434,29428],{},[15,70436,29459],{},[20,70438,916],{},[55,70440,70442],{"className":57,"code":70441,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70443,70444,70452,70456,70464,70478,70484],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,70445,70446,70448,70450],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70447,7379],{"class":70},[64,70449,75],{"class":74},[64,70451,7439],{"class":78},[64,70453,70454],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,70455,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,70457,70458,70460,70462],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,70459,6595],{"class":368},[64,70461,5560],{"class":70},[64,70463,5989],{"class":78},[64,70465,70466,70468,70470,70472,70474,70476],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,70467,7670],{"class":108},[64,70469,112],{"class":78},[64,70471,7410],{"class":115},[64,70473,148],{"class":78},[64,70475,25864],{"class":115},[64,70477,6792],{"class":78},[64,70479,70480,70482],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,70481,27057],{"class":368},[64,70483,5989],{"class":78},[64,70485,70486,70488,70490,70492,70495,70497],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,70487,7670],{"class":108},[64,70489,112],{"class":78},[64,70491,2686],{"class":320},[64,70493,70494],{"class":329},"The list is empty.",[64,70496,2686],{"class":320},[64,70498,119],{"class":78},[428,70500,70502],{"id":70501},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70504,70505,70506,148],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70507,70373],{},[55,70509,70511],{"className":57,"code":70510,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70512,70513,70533],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,70514,70515,70517,70519,70521,70523,70525,70527,70529,70531],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70516,71],{"class":70},[64,70518,75],{"class":74},[64,70520,79],{"class":78},[64,70522,2160],{"class":82},[64,70524,86],{"class":78},[64,70526,7390],{"class":82},[64,70528,86],{"class":78},[64,70530,7395],{"class":82},[64,70532,97],{"class":78},[64,70534,70535,70537,70539,70541,70543,70545],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,70536,116],{"class":70},[64,70538,148],{"class":78},[64,70540,25864],{"class":115},[64,70542,112],{"class":78},[64,70544,1107],{"class":82},[64,70546,119],{"class":78},[20,70548,384],{},[55,70550,70552],{"className":57,"code":70551,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70553,70554],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,70555,70556,70558,70560,70563],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70557,70373],{"class":357},[64,70559,160],{"class":78},[64,70561,70562],{"class":70}," pop index out of ",[64,70564,70565],{"class":108},"range\n",[20,70567,38894],{},[30,70569,70570,70575],{},[33,70571,70572,70573],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70574,41995],{},[33,70576,70577],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[55,70579,70581],{"className":57,"code":70580,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70582,70583,70603,70612,70616,70638,70656,70662],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,70584,70585,70587,70589,70591,70593,70595,70597,70599,70601],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70586,71],{"class":70},[64,70588,75],{"class":74},[64,70590,79],{"class":78},[64,70592,2160],{"class":82},[64,70594,86],{"class":78},[64,70596,7390],{"class":82},[64,70598,86],{"class":78},[64,70600,7395],{"class":82},[64,70602,97],{"class":78},[64,70604,70605,70608,70610],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,70606,70607],{"class":70},"index ",[64,70609,75],{"class":74},[64,70611,45225],{"class":82},[64,70613,70614],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,70615,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,70617,70618,70620,70622,70625,70628,70630,70632,70634,70636],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,70619,6595],{"class":368},[64,70621,315],{"class":82},[64,70623,70624],{"class":74}," \u003C=",[64,70626,70627],{"class":70}," index ",[64,70629,3121],{"class":74},[64,70631,38018],{"class":108},[64,70633,112],{"class":78},[64,70635,116],{"class":115},[64,70637,7944],{"class":78},[64,70639,70640,70642,70644,70646,70648,70650,70652,70654],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,70641,7670],{"class":108},[64,70643,112],{"class":78},[64,70645,116],{"class":115},[64,70647,148],{"class":78},[64,70649,25864],{"class":115},[64,70651,112],{"class":78},[64,70653,35475],{"class":115},[64,70655,471],{"class":78},[64,70657,70658,70660],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,70659,27057],{"class":368},[64,70661,5989],{"class":78},[64,70663,70664,70666,70668,70670,70673,70675],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,70665,7670],{"class":108},[64,70667,112],{"class":78},[64,70669,2686],{"class":320},[64,70671,70672],{"class":329},"Index is out of range.",[64,70674,2686],{"class":320},[64,70676,119],{"class":78},[20,70678,70679,70680,148],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[285,70681,68901],{"href":68900},[428,70683,70685],{"id":70684},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70687,70688,70690],{},[15,70689,12376],{}," expects an integer index.",[55,70692,70694],{"className":57,"code":70693,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70695,70696,70716],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,70697,70698,70700,70702,70704,70706,70708,70710,70712,70714],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70699,71],{"class":70},[64,70701,75],{"class":74},[64,70703,79],{"class":78},[64,70705,2160],{"class":82},[64,70707,86],{"class":78},[64,70709,7390],{"class":82},[64,70711,86],{"class":78},[64,70713,7395],{"class":82},[64,70715,97],{"class":78},[64,70717,70718,70720,70722,70724,70726,70728,70730,70732],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,70719,116],{"class":70},[64,70721,148],{"class":78},[64,70723,25864],{"class":115},[64,70725,112],{"class":78},[64,70727,2686],{"class":320},[64,70729,83],{"class":329},[64,70731,2686],{"class":320},[64,70733,119],{"class":78},[20,70735,384],{},[55,70737,70739],{"className":57,"code":70738,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70740,70741],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,70742,70743,70745,70747,70749,70751,70753,70755,70758,70761],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70744,2835],{"class":357},[64,70746,160],{"class":78},[64,70748,326],{"class":320},[64,70750,3276],{"class":329},[64,70752,333],{"class":320},[64,70754,24239],{"class":357},[64,70756,70757],{"class":70}," cannot be interpreted ",[64,70759,70760],{"class":368},"as",[64,70762,70763],{"class":70}," an integer\n",[20,70765,38894],{},[30,70767,70768,70777],{},[33,70769,70770,70771,2020,70773,2024,70775],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70772,243],{},[15,70774,83],{},[15,70776,65496],{},[33,70778,70779],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[55,70781,70783],{"className":57,"code":70782,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70784,70785,70805,70823,70827,70845],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,70786,70787,70789,70791,70793,70795,70797,70799,70801,70803],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70788,71],{"class":70},[64,70790,75],{"class":74},[64,70792,79],{"class":78},[64,70794,2160],{"class":82},[64,70796,86],{"class":78},[64,70798,7390],{"class":82},[64,70800,86],{"class":78},[64,70802,7395],{"class":82},[64,70804,97],{"class":78},[64,70806,70807,70809,70811,70813,70815,70817,70819,70821],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,70808,70607],{"class":70},[64,70810,75],{"class":74},[64,70812,44912],{"class":357},[64,70814,112],{"class":78},[64,70816,2686],{"class":320},[64,70818,83],{"class":329},[64,70820,2686],{"class":320},[64,70822,119],{"class":78},[64,70824,70825],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,70826,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,70828,70829,70831,70833,70835,70837,70839,70841,70843],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,70830,125],{"class":108},[64,70832,112],{"class":78},[64,70834,116],{"class":115},[64,70836,148],{"class":78},[64,70838,25864],{"class":115},[64,70840,112],{"class":78},[64,70842,35475],{"class":115},[64,70844,471],{"class":78},[64,70846,70847,70849,70851,70853],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,70848,125],{"class":108},[64,70850,112],{"class":78},[64,70852,116],{"class":115},[64,70854,119],{"class":78},[20,70856,384],{},[55,70858,70860],{"className":57,"code":70859,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,70861,70862,70867],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,70863,70864],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70865,70866],{"class":82},"20\n",[64,70868,70869,70871,70873,70875,70877],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,70870,394],{"class":78},[64,70872,2160],{"class":82},[64,70874,86],{"class":78},[64,70876,7395],{"class":82},[64,70878,97],{"class":78},[50,70880,70882],{"id":70881},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,70884,70885],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[428,70887,1923,70889,10209],{"id":70888},"use-pop-when",[15,70890,12376],{},[30,70892,70893,70896,70899],{},[33,70894,70895],{},"you want to remove by index",[33,70897,70898],{},"you want the removed item returned",[33,70900,70901],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[428,70903,1923,70905,10209],{"id":70904},"use-remove-when",[15,70906,55168],{},[30,70908,70909,70912],{},[33,70910,70911],{},"you want to remove by value",[33,70913,70914],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,70916,70917],{},"Compare these examples:",[55,70919,70921],{"className":57,"code":70920,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70922,70923,70947,70951,70969,70979],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,70924,70925,70927,70929,70931,70933,70935,70937,70939,70941,70943,70945],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70926,71],{"class":70},[64,70928,75],{"class":74},[64,70930,79],{"class":78},[64,70932,2160],{"class":82},[64,70934,86],{"class":78},[64,70936,7390],{"class":82},[64,70938,86],{"class":78},[64,70940,7395],{"class":82},[64,70942,86],{"class":78},[64,70944,7390],{"class":82},[64,70946,97],{"class":78},[64,70948,70949],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,70950,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,70952,70953,70955,70957,70959,70961,70963,70965,70967],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,70954,69576],{"class":70},[64,70956,75],{"class":74},[64,70958,762],{"class":70},[64,70960,148],{"class":78},[64,70962,25864],{"class":115},[64,70964,112],{"class":78},[64,70966,83],{"class":82},[64,70968,119],{"class":78},[64,70970,70971,70973,70975,70977],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,70972,125],{"class":108},[64,70974,112],{"class":78},[64,70976,69599],{"class":115},[64,70978,119],{"class":78},[64,70980,70981,70983,70985,70987],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,70982,125],{"class":108},[64,70984,112],{"class":78},[64,70986,116],{"class":115},[64,70988,119],{"class":78},[20,70990,384],{},[55,70992,70994],{"className":57,"code":70993,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,70995,70996,71000],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,70997,70998],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,70999,70866],{"class":82},[64,71001,71002,71004,71006,71008,71010,71012,71014],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,71003,394],{"class":78},[64,71005,2160],{"class":82},[64,71007,86],{"class":78},[64,71009,7395],{"class":82},[64,71011,86],{"class":78},[64,71013,7390],{"class":82},[64,71015,97],{"class":78},[55,71017,71019],{"className":57,"code":71018,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71020,71021,71045,71049,71063],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,71022,71023,71025,71027,71029,71031,71033,71035,71037,71039,71041,71043],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,71024,71],{"class":70},[64,71026,75],{"class":74},[64,71028,79],{"class":78},[64,71030,2160],{"class":82},[64,71032,86],{"class":78},[64,71034,7390],{"class":82},[64,71036,86],{"class":78},[64,71038,7395],{"class":82},[64,71040,86],{"class":78},[64,71042,7390],{"class":82},[64,71044,97],{"class":78},[64,71046,71047],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,71048,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,71050,71051,71053,71055,71057,71059,71061],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,71052,116],{"class":70},[64,71054,148],{"class":78},[64,71056,34422],{"class":115},[64,71058,112],{"class":78},[64,71060,15371],{"class":82},[64,71062,119],{"class":78},[64,71064,71065,71067,71069,71071],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,71066,125],{"class":108},[64,71068,112],{"class":78},[64,71070,116],{"class":115},[64,71072,119],{"class":78},[20,71074,384],{},[55,71076,71078],{"className":57,"code":71077,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71079,71080],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,71081,71082,71084,71086,71088,71090,71092,71094],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,71083,394],{"class":78},[64,71085,2160],{"class":82},[64,71087,86],{"class":78},[64,71089,7395],{"class":82},[64,71091,86],{"class":78},[64,71093,7390],{"class":82},[64,71095,97],{"class":78},[20,71097,71098,71099,71102,71103,148],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71100,71101],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71104,83],{},[20,71106,56244,71107,71110,71111,148],{},[15,71108,71109],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71112,15371],{},[20,71114,71115,71116,148],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[285,71117,54707],{"href":54706},[50,71119,2661],{"id":2660},[20,71121,71122,71123,160],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71124,12376],{},[30,71126,71127,71130,71133,71139,71143],{},[33,71128,71129],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[33,71131,71132],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[33,71134,36835,71135,8309,71137],{},[15,71136,12376],{},[15,71138,55168],{},[33,71140,8056,71141,61613],{},[15,71142,12376],{},[33,71144,71145],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71147,71148],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[55,71150,71152],{"className":57,"code":71151,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71153,71154,71164,71178,71192,71210],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,71155,71156,71158,71160,71162],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,71157,125],{"class":108},[64,71159,112],{"class":78},[64,71161,7941],{"class":115},[64,71163,119],{"class":78},[64,71165,71166,71168,71170,71172,71174,71176],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,71167,125],{"class":108},[64,71169,112],{"class":78},[64,71171,10771],{"class":108},[64,71173,112],{"class":78},[64,71175,7941],{"class":115},[64,71177,471],{"class":78},[64,71179,71180,71182,71184,71186,71188,71190],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,71181,125],{"class":108},[64,71183,112],{"class":78},[64,71185,7941],{"class":115},[64,71187,148],{"class":78},[64,71189,25864],{"class":115},[64,71191,6792],{"class":78},[64,71193,71194,71196,71198,71200,71202,71204,71206,71208],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,71195,125],{"class":108},[64,71197,112],{"class":78},[64,71199,7941],{"class":115},[64,71201,148],{"class":78},[64,71203,25864],{"class":115},[64,71205,112],{"class":78},[64,71207,243],{"class":82},[64,71209,471],{"class":78},[64,71211,71212,71214,71216,71218,71220,71222],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,71213,125],{"class":108},[64,71215,112],{"class":78},[64,71217,3052],{"class":357},[64,71219,112],{"class":78},[64,71221,35475],{"class":115},[64,71223,471],{"class":78},[20,71225,71226],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[30,71228,71229,71235],{},[33,71230,71231,71234],{},[15,71232,71233],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[33,71236,71237,71240],{},[15,71238,71239],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71242,71243,71244,71247],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71245,71246],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[50,71249,1651],{"id":1650},[428,71251,71253],{"id":71252},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71255,71256,71257,71259],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71258,12376],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[428,71261,71263],{"id":71262},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71265,71266,71268,71269,71271,71272,148],{},[15,71267,12376],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71270,55168],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71273,258],{},[428,71275,71277],{"id":71276},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71279,71280,71281,71284],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71282,71283],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[428,71286,71288],{"id":71287},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71290,71291,71292,71294],{},"Python raises ",[15,71293,70373],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[50,71296,1717],{"id":1716},[30,71298,71299,71303,71308,71313,71318],{},[33,71300,71301],{},[285,71302,55154],{"href":54706},[33,71304,71305],{},[285,71306,71307],{"href":54711},"Python list remove() method",[33,71309,71310],{},[285,71311,71312],{"href":58605},"Python list index() method",[33,71314,71315],{},[285,71316,71317],{"href":50617},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[33,71319,71320],{},[285,71321,68901],{"href":68900},[1751,71323,71324],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":71326},[71327,71328,71329,71330,71331,71332,71333,71338,71344,71345,71351],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":69502,"depth":100,"text":69503},{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":69812,"depth":100,"text":69813},{"id":69941,"depth":100,"text":69942},{"id":70212,"depth":100,"text":70213},{"id":70359,"depth":100,"text":70360,"children":71334},[71335,71336,71337],{"id":70363,"depth":122,"text":70364},{"id":70501,"depth":122,"text":70502},{"id":70684,"depth":122,"text":70685},{"id":70881,"depth":100,"text":70882,"children":71339},[71340,71342],{"id":70888,"depth":122,"text":71341},"Use pop() when:",{"id":70904,"depth":122,"text":71343},"Use remove() when:",{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":71346},[71347,71348,71349,71350],{"id":71252,"depth":122,"text":71253},{"id":71262,"depth":122,"text":71263},{"id":71276,"depth":122,"text":71277},{"id":71287,"depth":122,"text":71288},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69369,"description":71352},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71359,"title":71360,"body":71361,"description":73147,"extension":1791,"meta":73148,"navigation":346,"path":73149,"seo":73150,"stem":73151,"__hash__":73152},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71362,"toc":73129},[71363,71366,71371,71377,71379,71449,71455,71459,71464,71485,71488,71555,71557,71578,71586,71588,71607,71623,71625,71690,71692,71717,71719,71721,71786,71788,71813,71815,71829,71832,71885,71887,71908,71912,71920,71993,71995,72028,72034,72040,72131,72133,72158,72164,72253,72255,72279,72281,72285,72340,72342,72374,72377,72380,72474,72476,72509,72515,72521,72525,72532,72558,72562,72627,72629,72654,72658,72739,72741,72770,72775,72780,72786,72790,72797,72819,72823,72882,72884,72908,72917,72922,72924,72928,72957,72959,73034,73037,73051,73057,73059,73063,73066,73070,73075,73079,73088,73092,73100,73102,73126],[10,71364,71360],{"id":71365},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71367,1808,71368,71370],{},[15,71369,54714],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71372,71373,71374,71376],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[221,71375,2302],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[50,71378,1833],{"id":1832},[55,71380,71382],{"className":57,"code":71381,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71383,71384,71416,71434,71444],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,71385,71386,71388,71390,71392,71394,71396,71398,71400,71402,71404,71406,71408,71410,71412,71414],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,71387,7379],{"class":70},[64,71389,75],{"class":74},[64,71391,79],{"class":78},[64,71393,2686],{"class":320},[64,71395,576],{"class":329},[64,71397,2686],{"class":320},[64,71399,86],{"class":78},[64,71401,3184],{"class":320},[64,71403,585],{"class":329},[64,71405,2686],{"class":320},[64,71407,86],{"class":78},[64,71409,3184],{"class":320},[64,71411,32847],{"class":329},[64,71413,2686],{"class":320},[64,71415,97],{"class":78},[64,71417,71418,71420,71422,71424,71426,71428,71430,71432],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,71419,7410],{"class":70},[64,71421,148],{"class":78},[64,71423,34422],{"class":115},[64,71425,112],{"class":78},[64,71427,2686],{"class":320},[64,71429,585],{"class":329},[64,71431,2686],{"class":320},[64,71433,119],{"class":78},[64,71435,71436,71438,71440,71442],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,71437,125],{"class":108},[64,71439,112],{"class":78},[64,71441,7410],{"class":115},[64,71443,119],{"class":78},[64,71445,71446],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,71447,71448],{"class":136},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71450,1923,71451,71454],{},[15,71452,71453],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[50,71456,71458],{"id":71457},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71460,71461,71463],{},[15,71462,55168],{}," is a list method that:",[30,71465,71466,71472,71477,71482],{},[33,71467,71468,71469,71471],{},"Deletes the ",[221,71470,29533],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[33,71473,71474,71475],{},"Changes the original list ",[221,71476,10944],{},[33,71478,12317,71479,71481],{},[221,71480,1138],{}," return a new list",[33,71483,71484],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71486,71487],{},"This is important for beginners:",[55,71489,71491],{"className":57,"code":71490,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71492,71493,71513,71531,71535,71545],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,71494,71495,71497,71499,71501,71503,71505,71507,71509,71511],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,71496,71],{"class":70},[64,71498,75],{"class":74},[64,71500,79],{"class":78},[64,71502,83],{"class":82},[64,71504,86],{"class":78},[64,71506,89],{"class":82},[64,71508,86],{"class":78},[64,71510,94],{"class":82},[64,71512,97],{"class":78},[64,71514,71515,71517,71519,71521,71523,71525,71527,71529],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,71516,103],{"class":70},[64,71518,75],{"class":74},[64,71520,762],{"class":70},[64,71522,148],{"class":78},[64,71524,34422],{"class":115},[64,71526,112],{"class":78},[64,71528,815],{"class":82},[64,71530,119],{"class":78},[64,71532,71533],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,71534,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,71536,71537,71539,71541,71543],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,71538,125],{"class":108},[64,71540,112],{"class":78},[64,71542,116],{"class":115},[64,71544,119],{"class":78},[64,71546,71547,71549,71551,71553],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,71548,125],{"class":108},[64,71550,112],{"class":78},[64,71552,130],{"class":115},[64,71554,119],{"class":78},[20,71556,384],{},[55,71558,71560],{"className":57,"code":71559,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71561,71562,71574],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,71563,71564,71566,71568,71570,71572],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,71565,394],{"class":78},[64,71567,83],{"class":82},[64,71569,86],{"class":78},[64,71571,94],{"class":82},[64,71573,97],{"class":78},[64,71575,71576],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,71577,11420],{"class":338},[20,71579,71580,71581,71583,71584,148],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71582,55168],{}," itself returned ",[15,71585,258],{},[50,71587,5024],{"id":5023},[55,71589,71591],{"className":57,"code":71590,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71592,71593],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,71594,71595,71597,71599,71601,71603,71605],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,71596,7695],{"class":357},[64,71598,148],{"class":78},[64,71600,34422],{"class":115},[64,71602,112],{"class":78},[64,71604,2302],{"class":115},[64,71606,119],{"class":78},[30,71608,71609,71614,71617],{},[33,71610,71611,71613],{},[15,71612,2302],{}," is the item you want to delete",[33,71615,71616],{},"Python searches from left to right",[33,71618,71619,71620,71622],{},"Only the ",[221,71621,29533],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71624,916],{},[55,71626,71628],{"className":57,"code":71627,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71629,71630,71662,71680],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,71631,71632,71634,71636,71638,71640,71642,71644,71646,71648,71650,71652,71654,71656,71658,71660],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,71633,35720],{"class":70},[64,71635,75],{"class":74},[64,71637,79],{"class":78},[64,71639,2686],{"class":320},[64,71641,285],{"class":329},[64,71643,2686],{"class":320},[64,71645,86],{"class":78},[64,71647,3184],{"class":320},[64,71649,1269],{"class":329},[64,71651,2686],{"class":320},[64,71653,86],{"class":78},[64,71655,3184],{"class":320},[64,71657,9346],{"class":329},[64,71659,2686],{"class":320},[64,71661,97],{"class":78},[64,71663,71664,71666,71668,71670,71672,71674,71676,71678],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,71665,35773],{"class":70},[64,71667,148],{"class":78},[64,71669,34422],{"class":115},[64,71671,112],{"class":78},[64,71673,2686],{"class":320},[64,71675,1269],{"class":329},[64,71677,2686],{"class":320},[64,71679,119],{"class":78},[64,71681,71682,71684,71686,71688],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,71683,125],{"class":108},[64,71685,112],{"class":78},[64,71687,35773],{"class":115},[64,71689,119],{"class":78},[20,71691,384],{},[55,71693,71695],{"className":57,"code":71694,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71696,71697],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,71698,71699,71701,71703,71705,71707,71709,71711,71713,71715],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,71700,394],{"class":78},[64,71702,333],{"class":320},[64,71704,285],{"class":329},[64,71706,333],{"class":320},[64,71708,86],{"class":78},[64,71710,326],{"class":320},[64,71712,9346],{"class":329},[64,71714,333],{"class":320},[64,71716,97],{"class":78},[50,71718,5381],{"id":5380},[20,71720,64816],{},[55,71722,71724],{"className":57,"code":71723,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71725,71726,71758,71776],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,71727,71728,71730,71732,71734,71736,71738,71740,71742,71744,71746,71748,71750,71752,71754,71756],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,71729,12690],{"class":70},[64,71731,75],{"class":74},[64,71733,79],{"class":78},[64,71735,2686],{"class":320},[64,71737,12707],{"class":329},[64,71739,2686],{"class":320},[64,71741,86],{"class":78},[64,71743,3184],{"class":320},[64,71745,12724],{"class":329},[64,71747,2686],{"class":320},[64,71749,86],{"class":78},[64,71751,3184],{"class":320},[64,71753,17074],{"class":329},[64,71755,2686],{"class":320},[64,71757,97],{"class":78},[64,71759,71760,71762,71764,71766,71768,71770,71772,71774],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,71761,17121],{"class":70},[64,71763,148],{"class":78},[64,71765,34422],{"class":115},[64,71767,112],{"class":78},[64,71769,2686],{"class":320},[64,71771,12724],{"class":329},[64,71773,2686],{"class":320},[64,71775,119],{"class":78},[64,71777,71778,71780,71782,71784],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,71779,125],{"class":108},[64,71781,112],{"class":78},[64,71783,17121],{"class":115},[64,71785,119],{"class":78},[20,71787,384],{},[55,71789,71791],{"className":57,"code":71790,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,71792,71793],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,71794,71795,71797,71799,71801,71803,71805,71807,71809,71811],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,71796,394],{"class":78},[64,71798,333],{"class":320},[64,71800,12707],{"class":329},[64,71802,333],{"class":320},[64,71804,86],{"class":78},[64,71806,326],{"class":320},[64,71808,17074],{"class":329},[64,71810,333],{"class":320},[64,71812,97],{"class":78},[20,71814,11295],{},[30,71816,71817,71820,71826],{},[33,71818,71819],{},"A list is created with three values",[33,71821,71822,71825],{},[15,71823,71824],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[33,71827,71828],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,71830,71831],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[55,71833,71835],{"className":57,"code":71834,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,71836,71837,71861,71875],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,71838,71839,71841,71843,71845,71847,71849,71851,71853,71855,71857,71859],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,71840,1574],{"class":70},[64,71842,75],{"class":74},[64,71844,79],{"class":78},[64,71846,2160],{"class":82},[64,71848,86],{"class":78},[64,71850,7390],{"class":82},[64,71852,86],{"class":78},[64,71854,7395],{"class":82},[64,71856,86],{"class":78},[64,71858,50481],{"class":82},[64,71860,97],{"class":78},[64,71862,71863,71865,71867,71869,71871,71873],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,71864,16006],{"class":70},[64,71866,148],{"class":78},[64,71868,34422],{"class":115},[64,71870,112],{"class":78},[64,71872,36472],{"class":82},[64,71874,119],{"class":78},[64,71876,71877,71879,71881,71883],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,71878,125],{"class":108},[64,71880,112],{"class":78},[64,71882,16006],{"class":115},[64,71884,119],{"class":78},[20,71886,384],{},[55,71888,71890],{"className":57,"code":71889,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,71891,71892],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,71893,71894,71896,71898,71900,71902,71904,71906],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,71895,394],{"class":78},[64,71897,2160],{"class":82},[64,71899,86],{"class":78},[64,71901,7390],{"class":82},[64,71903,86],{"class":78},[64,71905,50481],{"class":82},[64,71907,97],{"class":78},[50,71909,71911],{"id":71910},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,71913,64806,71914,71916,71917,71919],{},[15,71915,55168],{}," deletes only the ",[221,71918,29533],{}," one.",[55,71921,71923],{"className":57,"code":71922,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71924,71925,71965,71983],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,71926,71927,71929,71931,71933,71935,71937,71939,71941,71943,71945,71947,71949,71951,71953,71955,71957,71959,71961,71963],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,71928,7379],{"class":70},[64,71930,75],{"class":74},[64,71932,79],{"class":78},[64,71934,2686],{"class":320},[64,71936,576],{"class":329},[64,71938,2686],{"class":320},[64,71940,86],{"class":78},[64,71942,3184],{"class":320},[64,71944,585],{"class":329},[64,71946,2686],{"class":320},[64,71948,86],{"class":78},[64,71950,3184],{"class":320},[64,71952,576],{"class":329},[64,71954,2686],{"class":320},[64,71956,86],{"class":78},[64,71958,3184],{"class":320},[64,71960,32847],{"class":329},[64,71962,2686],{"class":320},[64,71964,97],{"class":78},[64,71966,71967,71969,71971,71973,71975,71977,71979,71981],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,71968,7410],{"class":70},[64,71970,148],{"class":78},[64,71972,34422],{"class":115},[64,71974,112],{"class":78},[64,71976,2686],{"class":320},[64,71978,576],{"class":329},[64,71980,2686],{"class":320},[64,71982,119],{"class":78},[64,71984,71985,71987,71989,71991],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,71986,125],{"class":108},[64,71988,112],{"class":78},[64,71990,7410],{"class":115},[64,71992,119],{"class":78},[20,71994,384],{},[55,71996,71998],{"className":57,"code":71997,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71999,72000],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,72001,72002,72004,72006,72008,72010,72012,72014,72016,72018,72020,72022,72024,72026],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72003,394],{"class":78},[64,72005,333],{"class":320},[64,72007,585],{"class":329},[64,72009,333],{"class":320},[64,72011,86],{"class":78},[64,72013,326],{"class":320},[64,72015,576],{"class":329},[64,72017,333],{"class":320},[64,72019,86],{"class":78},[64,72021,326],{"class":320},[64,72023,32847],{"class":329},[64,72025,333],{"class":320},[64,72027,97],{"class":78},[20,72029,72030,72031,72033],{},"Only the first ",[15,72032,57473],{}," was removed.",[20,72035,72036,72037,72039],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72038,55168],{}," again:",[55,72041,72043],{"className":57,"code":72042,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72044,72045,72085,72103,72121],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,72046,72047,72049,72051,72053,72055,72057,72059,72061,72063,72065,72067,72069,72071,72073,72075,72077,72079,72081,72083],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72048,7379],{"class":70},[64,72050,75],{"class":74},[64,72052,79],{"class":78},[64,72054,2686],{"class":320},[64,72056,576],{"class":329},[64,72058,2686],{"class":320},[64,72060,86],{"class":78},[64,72062,3184],{"class":320},[64,72064,585],{"class":329},[64,72066,2686],{"class":320},[64,72068,86],{"class":78},[64,72070,3184],{"class":320},[64,72072,576],{"class":329},[64,72074,2686],{"class":320},[64,72076,86],{"class":78},[64,72078,3184],{"class":320},[64,72080,32847],{"class":329},[64,72082,2686],{"class":320},[64,72084,97],{"class":78},[64,72086,72087,72089,72091,72093,72095,72097,72099,72101],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,72088,7410],{"class":70},[64,72090,148],{"class":78},[64,72092,34422],{"class":115},[64,72094,112],{"class":78},[64,72096,2686],{"class":320},[64,72098,576],{"class":329},[64,72100,2686],{"class":320},[64,72102,119],{"class":78},[64,72104,72105,72107,72109,72111,72113,72115,72117,72119],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,72106,7410],{"class":70},[64,72108,148],{"class":78},[64,72110,34422],{"class":115},[64,72112,112],{"class":78},[64,72114,2686],{"class":320},[64,72116,576],{"class":329},[64,72118,2686],{"class":320},[64,72120,119],{"class":78},[64,72122,72123,72125,72127,72129],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,72124,125],{"class":108},[64,72126,112],{"class":78},[64,72128,7410],{"class":115},[64,72130,119],{"class":78},[20,72132,384],{},[55,72134,72136],{"className":57,"code":72135,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72137,72138],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,72139,72140,72142,72144,72146,72148,72150,72152,72154,72156],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72141,394],{"class":78},[64,72143,333],{"class":320},[64,72145,585],{"class":329},[64,72147,333],{"class":320},[64,72149,86],{"class":78},[64,72151,326],{"class":320},[64,72153,32847],{"class":329},[64,72155,333],{"class":320},[64,72157,97],{"class":78},[20,72159,72160,72161,72163],{},"If you need to remove ",[221,72162,192],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[55,72165,72167],{"className":57,"code":72166,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72168,72169,72209,72243],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,72170,72171,72173,72175,72177,72179,72181,72183,72185,72187,72189,72191,72193,72195,72197,72199,72201,72203,72205,72207],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72172,7379],{"class":70},[64,72174,75],{"class":74},[64,72176,79],{"class":78},[64,72178,2686],{"class":320},[64,72180,576],{"class":329},[64,72182,2686],{"class":320},[64,72184,86],{"class":78},[64,72186,3184],{"class":320},[64,72188,585],{"class":329},[64,72190,2686],{"class":320},[64,72192,86],{"class":78},[64,72194,3184],{"class":320},[64,72196,576],{"class":329},[64,72198,2686],{"class":320},[64,72200,86],{"class":78},[64,72202,3184],{"class":320},[64,72204,32847],{"class":329},[64,72206,2686],{"class":320},[64,72208,97],{"class":78},[64,72210,72211,72213,72215,72217,72219,72221,72223,72225,72228,72230,72232,72235,72237,72239,72241],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,72212,7379],{"class":70},[64,72214,75],{"class":74},[64,72216,79],{"class":78},[64,72218,28162],{"class":70},[64,72220,5552],{"class":368},[64,72222,5555],{"class":70},[64,72224,375],{"class":368},[64,72226,72227],{"class":70}," items ",[64,72229,6595],{"class":368},[64,72231,5555],{"class":70},[64,72233,72234],{"class":74},"!=",[64,72236,3184],{"class":320},[64,72238,576],{"class":329},[64,72240,2686],{"class":320},[64,72242,97],{"class":78},[64,72244,72245,72247,72249,72251],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,72246,125],{"class":108},[64,72248,112],{"class":78},[64,72250,7410],{"class":115},[64,72252,119],{"class":78},[20,72254,384],{},[55,72256,72257],{"className":57,"code":72135,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,72258,72259],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,72260,72261,72263,72265,72267,72269,72271,72273,72275,72277],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72262,394],{"class":78},[64,72264,333],{"class":320},[64,72266,585],{"class":329},[64,72268,333],{"class":320},[64,72270,86],{"class":78},[64,72272,326],{"class":320},[64,72274,32847],{"class":329},[64,72276,333],{"class":320},[64,72278,97],{"class":78},[50,72280,65272],{"id":65271},[20,72282,65275,72283,148],{},[15,72284,40337],{},[55,72286,72288],{"className":57,"code":72287,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72289,72290,72322],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,72291,72292,72294,72296,72298,72300,72302,72304,72306,72308,72310,72312,72314,72316,72318,72320],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72293,7379],{"class":70},[64,72295,75],{"class":74},[64,72297,79],{"class":78},[64,72299,2686],{"class":320},[64,72301,576],{"class":329},[64,72303,2686],{"class":320},[64,72305,86],{"class":78},[64,72307,3184],{"class":320},[64,72309,585],{"class":329},[64,72311,2686],{"class":320},[64,72313,86],{"class":78},[64,72315,3184],{"class":320},[64,72317,32847],{"class":329},[64,72319,2686],{"class":320},[64,72321,97],{"class":78},[64,72323,72324,72326,72328,72330,72332,72334,72336,72338],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,72325,7410],{"class":70},[64,72327,148],{"class":78},[64,72329,34422],{"class":115},[64,72331,112],{"class":78},[64,72333,2686],{"class":320},[64,72335,22154],{"class":329},[64,72337,2686],{"class":320},[64,72339,119],{"class":78},[20,72341,384],{},[55,72343,72345],{"className":57,"code":72344,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72346,72347],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,72348,72349,72351,72353,72355,72357,72359,72361,72363,72365,72367,72369,72371],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72350,40337],{"class":357},[64,72352,160],{"class":78},[64,72354,22181],{"class":357},[64,72356,148],{"class":78},[64,72358,34422],{"class":115},[64,72360,112],{"class":78},[64,72362,363],{"class":115},[64,72364,16069],{"class":78},[64,72366,372],{"class":70},[64,72368,1138],{"class":74},[64,72370,20794],{"class":74},[64,72372,72373],{"class":357}," list\n",[20,72375,72376],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72378,72379],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[55,72381,72383],{"className":57,"code":72382,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72384,72385,72417,72429,72433,72445,72460,72464],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,72386,72387,72389,72391,72393,72395,72397,72399,72401,72403,72405,72407,72409,72411,72413,72415],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72388,7379],{"class":70},[64,72390,75],{"class":74},[64,72392,79],{"class":78},[64,72394,2686],{"class":320},[64,72396,576],{"class":329},[64,72398,2686],{"class":320},[64,72400,86],{"class":78},[64,72402,3184],{"class":320},[64,72404,585],{"class":329},[64,72406,2686],{"class":320},[64,72408,86],{"class":78},[64,72410,3184],{"class":320},[64,72412,32847],{"class":329},[64,72414,2686],{"class":320},[64,72416,97],{"class":78},[64,72418,72419,72421,72423,72425,72427],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,72420,2276],{"class":70},[64,72422,75],{"class":74},[64,72424,3184],{"class":320},[64,72426,22154],{"class":329},[64,72428,3190],{"class":320},[64,72430,72431],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,72432,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,72434,72435,72437,72439,72441,72443],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,72436,6595],{"class":368},[64,72438,21205],{"class":70},[64,72440,375],{"class":74},[64,72442,5560],{"class":70},[64,72444,5989],{"class":78},[64,72446,72447,72450,72452,72454,72456,72458],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,72448,72449],{"class":70},"    items",[64,72451,148],{"class":78},[64,72453,34422],{"class":115},[64,72455,112],{"class":78},[64,72457,2302],{"class":115},[64,72459,119],{"class":78},[64,72461,72462],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,72463,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,72465,72466,72468,72470,72472],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,72467,125],{"class":108},[64,72469,112],{"class":78},[64,72471,7410],{"class":115},[64,72473,119],{"class":78},[20,72475,384],{},[55,72477,72479],{"className":57,"code":72478,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72480,72481],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,72482,72483,72485,72487,72489,72491,72493,72495,72497,72499,72501,72503,72505,72507],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72484,394],{"class":78},[64,72486,333],{"class":320},[64,72488,576],{"class":329},[64,72490,333],{"class":320},[64,72492,86],{"class":78},[64,72494,326],{"class":320},[64,72496,585],{"class":329},[64,72498,333],{"class":320},[64,72500,86],{"class":78},[64,72502,326],{"class":320},[64,72504,32847],{"class":329},[64,72506,333],{"class":320},[64,72508,97],{"class":78},[20,72510,72511,72512,72514],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72513,55168],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72516,72517,72518,148],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[285,72519,65481],{"href":72520},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[50,72522,72524],{"id":72523},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72526,72527,896,72529,72531],{},[15,72528,55168],{},[15,72530,12376],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[30,72533,72534,72541,72547,72553],{},[33,72535,72536,72538,72539],{},[15,72537,55168],{}," deletes by ",[221,72540,2302],{},[33,72542,72543,72538,72545],{},[15,72544,12376],{},[221,72546,35475],{},[33,72548,72549,44,72551],{},[15,72550,55168],{},[15,72552,258],{},[33,72554,72555,72557],{},[15,72556,12376],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72559,45676,72560,160],{},[15,72561,55168],{},[55,72563,72565],{"className":57,"code":72564,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72566,72567,72599,72617],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,72568,72569,72571,72573,72575,72577,72579,72581,72583,72585,72587,72589,72591,72593,72595,72597],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72570,7379],{"class":70},[64,72572,75],{"class":74},[64,72574,79],{"class":78},[64,72576,2686],{"class":320},[64,72578,576],{"class":329},[64,72580,2686],{"class":320},[64,72582,86],{"class":78},[64,72584,3184],{"class":320},[64,72586,585],{"class":329},[64,72588,2686],{"class":320},[64,72590,86],{"class":78},[64,72592,3184],{"class":320},[64,72594,32847],{"class":329},[64,72596,2686],{"class":320},[64,72598,97],{"class":78},[64,72600,72601,72603,72605,72607,72609,72611,72613,72615],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,72602,7410],{"class":70},[64,72604,148],{"class":78},[64,72606,34422],{"class":115},[64,72608,112],{"class":78},[64,72610,2686],{"class":320},[64,72612,585],{"class":329},[64,72614,2686],{"class":320},[64,72616,119],{"class":78},[64,72618,72619,72621,72623,72625],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,72620,125],{"class":108},[64,72622,112],{"class":78},[64,72624,7410],{"class":115},[64,72626,119],{"class":78},[20,72628,384],{},[55,72630,72632],{"className":57,"code":72631,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72633,72634],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,72635,72636,72638,72640,72642,72644,72646,72648,72650,72652],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72637,394],{"class":78},[64,72639,333],{"class":320},[64,72641,576],{"class":329},[64,72643,333],{"class":320},[64,72645,86],{"class":78},[64,72647,326],{"class":320},[64,72649,32847],{"class":329},[64,72651,333],{"class":320},[64,72653,97],{"class":78},[20,72655,45676,72656,160],{},[15,72657,12376],{},[55,72659,72661],{"className":57,"code":72660,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72662,72663,72695,72714,72718,72728],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,72664,72665,72667,72669,72671,72673,72675,72677,72679,72681,72683,72685,72687,72689,72691,72693],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72666,7379],{"class":70},[64,72668,75],{"class":74},[64,72670,79],{"class":78},[64,72672,2686],{"class":320},[64,72674,576],{"class":329},[64,72676,2686],{"class":320},[64,72678,86],{"class":78},[64,72680,3184],{"class":320},[64,72682,585],{"class":329},[64,72684,2686],{"class":320},[64,72686,86],{"class":78},[64,72688,3184],{"class":320},[64,72690,32847],{"class":329},[64,72692,2686],{"class":320},[64,72694,97],{"class":78},[64,72696,72697,72700,72702,72704,72706,72708,72710,72712],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,72698,72699],{"class":70},"removed_item ",[64,72701,75],{"class":74},[64,72703,5560],{"class":70},[64,72705,148],{"class":78},[64,72707,25864],{"class":115},[64,72709,112],{"class":78},[64,72711,83],{"class":82},[64,72713,119],{"class":78},[64,72715,72716],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,72717,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,72719,72720,72722,72724,72726],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,72721,125],{"class":108},[64,72723,112],{"class":78},[64,72725,7410],{"class":115},[64,72727,119],{"class":78},[64,72729,72730,72732,72734,72737],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,72731,125],{"class":108},[64,72733,112],{"class":78},[64,72735,72736],{"class":115},"removed_item",[64,72738,119],{"class":78},[20,72740,384],{},[55,72742,72744],{"className":57,"code":72743,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72745,72746,72766],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,72747,72748,72750,72752,72754,72756,72758,72760,72762,72764],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72749,394],{"class":78},[64,72751,333],{"class":320},[64,72753,576],{"class":329},[64,72755,333],{"class":320},[64,72757,86],{"class":78},[64,72759,326],{"class":320},[64,72761,32847],{"class":329},[64,72763,333],{"class":320},[64,72765,97],{"class":78},[64,72767,72768],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,72769,70048],{"class":70},[20,72771,1923,72772,72774],{},[15,72773,55168],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,72776,1923,72777,72779],{},[15,72778,12376],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,72781,72782,72783,148],{},"For more detail, see the ",[285,72784,72785],{"href":54718},"Python list pop() method",[50,72787,72789],{"id":72788},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,72791,72792,896,72794,72796],{},[15,72793,55168],{},[15,72795,26648],{}," are also different.",[30,72798,72799,72804,72809,72814],{},[33,72800,72801,72803],{},[15,72802,55168],{}," deletes by matching value",[33,72805,72806,72808],{},[15,72807,26648],{}," deletes by index or slice",[33,72810,1923,72811,72813],{},[15,72812,26648],{}," when you know the position",[33,72815,1923,72816,72818],{},[15,72817,55168],{}," when you know the item value",[20,72820,45676,72821,160],{},[15,72822,26648],{},[55,72824,72826],{"className":57,"code":72825,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72827,72828,72860,72872],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,72829,72830,72832,72834,72836,72838,72840,72842,72844,72846,72848,72850,72852,72854,72856,72858],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72831,7379],{"class":70},[64,72833,75],{"class":74},[64,72835,79],{"class":78},[64,72837,2686],{"class":320},[64,72839,576],{"class":329},[64,72841,2686],{"class":320},[64,72843,86],{"class":78},[64,72845,3184],{"class":320},[64,72847,585],{"class":329},[64,72849,2686],{"class":320},[64,72851,86],{"class":78},[64,72853,3184],{"class":320},[64,72855,32847],{"class":329},[64,72857,2686],{"class":320},[64,72859,97],{"class":78},[64,72861,72862,72864,72866,72868,72870],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,72863,26648],{"class":368},[64,72865,5560],{"class":70},[64,72867,394],{"class":78},[64,72869,83],{"class":82},[64,72871,97],{"class":78},[64,72873,72874,72876,72878,72880],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,72875,125],{"class":108},[64,72877,112],{"class":78},[64,72879,7410],{"class":115},[64,72881,119],{"class":78},[20,72883,384],{},[55,72885,72886],{"className":57,"code":72631,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,72887,72888],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,72889,72890,72892,72894,72896,72898,72900,72902,72904,72906],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72891,394],{"class":78},[64,72893,333],{"class":320},[64,72895,576],{"class":329},[64,72897,333],{"class":320},[64,72899,86],{"class":78},[64,72901,326],{"class":320},[64,72903,32847],{"class":329},[64,72905,333],{"class":320},[64,72907,97],{"class":78},[20,72909,72910,72911,72913,72914,72916],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,72912,83],{},", not the value ",[15,72915,64916],{}," directly.",[20,72918,72919,72920,148],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[285,72921,54707],{"href":54706},[50,72923,2661],{"id":2660},[20,72925,20832,72926,160],{},[15,72927,55168],{},[30,72929,72930,72933,72938,72945,72954],{},[33,72931,72932],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[33,72934,8056,72935,72937],{},[15,72936,55168],{}," to delete all matching values",[33,72939,12207,72940,72942,72943],{},[15,72941,55168],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,72944,258],{},[33,72946,8020,72947,44265,72949,212,72951,72953],{},[15,72948,55168],{},[15,72950,12376],{},[15,72952,26648],{}," would be a better fit",[33,72955,72956],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,72958,71148],{},[55,72960,72962],{"className":57,"code":72961,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,72963,72964,72974,72988,73006,73020],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,72965,72966,72968,72970,72972],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,72967,125],{"class":108},[64,72969,112],{"class":78},[64,72971,7941],{"class":115},[64,72973,119],{"class":78},[64,72975,72976,72978,72980,72982,72984,72986],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,72977,125],{"class":108},[64,72979,112],{"class":78},[64,72981,2276],{"class":115},[64,72983,375],{"class":368},[64,72985,7998],{"class":115},[64,72987,119],{"class":78},[64,72989,72990,72992,72994,72996,72998,73000,73002,73004],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,72991,125],{"class":108},[64,72993,112],{"class":78},[64,72995,7941],{"class":115},[64,72997,148],{"class":78},[64,72999,40893],{"class":115},[64,73001,112],{"class":78},[64,73003,2302],{"class":115},[64,73005,471],{"class":78},[64,73007,73008,73010,73012,73014,73016,73018],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,73009,125],{"class":108},[64,73011,112],{"class":78},[64,73013,3052],{"class":357},[64,73015,112],{"class":78},[64,73017,7941],{"class":115},[64,73019,471],{"class":78},[64,73021,73022,73024,73026,73028,73030,73032],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,73023,31778],{"class":108},[64,73025,112],{"class":78},[64,73027,7695],{"class":357},[64,73029,148],{"class":78},[64,73031,34422],{"class":24372},[64,73033,119],{"class":78},[20,73035,73036],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[30,73038,73039,73042,73045,73048],{},[33,73040,73041],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[33,73043,73044],{},"How many times does it appear?",[33,73046,73047],{},"Am I working with a list?",[33,73049,73050],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73052,73053,73054,73056],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[285,73055,71312],{"href":58605}," may also help.",[50,73058,1651],{"id":1650},[428,73060,73062],{"id":73061},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73064,73065],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[428,73067,73069],{"id":73068},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73071,1661,73072,73074],{},[15,73073,258],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[428,73076,73078],{"id":73077},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73080,73081,73082,73085,73086,148],{},"Check with ",[15,73083,73084],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73087,55168],{},[428,73089,73091],{"id":73090},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73093,1923,73094,73096,73097,73099],{},[15,73095,55168],{}," for a value and ",[15,73098,12376],{}," for an index.",[50,73101,1717],{"id":1716},[30,73103,73104,73108,73112,73116,73120],{},[33,73105,73106],{},[285,73107,55154],{"href":54706},[33,73109,73110],{},[285,73111,72785],{"href":54718},[33,73113,73114],{},[285,73115,71312],{"href":58605},[33,73117,73118],{},[285,73119,65481],{"href":72520},[33,73121,73122],{},[285,73123,73125],{"href":73124},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1751,73127,73128],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":73130},[73131,73132,73133,73134,73135,73136,73137,73138,73139,73140,73146],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":71457,"depth":100,"text":71458},{"id":5023,"depth":100,"text":5024},{"id":5380,"depth":100,"text":5381},{"id":71910,"depth":100,"text":71911},{"id":65271,"depth":100,"text":65272},{"id":72523,"depth":100,"text":72524},{"id":72788,"depth":100,"text":72789},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":73141},[73142,73143,73144,73145],{"id":73061,"depth":122,"text":73062},{"id":73068,"depth":122,"text":73069},{"id":73077,"depth":122,"text":73078},{"id":73090,"depth":122,"text":73091},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71360,"description":73147},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73154,"title":73155,"body":73156,"description":75047,"extension":1791,"meta":75048,"navigation":346,"path":75049,"seo":75050,"stem":75051,"__hash__":75052},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73157,"toc":75017},[73158,73164,73170,73173,73184,73186,73235,73240,73245,73249,73264,73266,73331,73333,73374,73376,73378,73393,73395,73406,73408,73465,73467,73500,73502,73505,73554,73556,73581,73583,73599,73605,73612,73673,73675,73708,73713,73716,73796,73798,73859,73865,73869,73872,73936,73938,73963,73965,73985,73987,74036,74038,74059,74068,74071,74075,74080,74125,74127,74148,74154,74159,74167,74231,74233,74270,74276,74280,74287,74352,74354,74391,74395,74412,74422,74427,74432,74443,74450,74452,74458,74481,74484,74511,74516,74519,74620,74622,74677,74680,74787,74789,74860,74863,74889,74891,74896,74900,74908,74913,74918,74924,74929,74933,74936,74953,74956,74976,74984,74986,75014],[10,73159,53981,73161,10932],{"id":73160},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73162,73163],{},"reverse()",[20,73165,73166,73169],{},[15,73167,73168],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73171,73172],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73174,73175,73176,73178,73179,73183],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73177,73163],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[285,73180,73182],{"href":73181},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[50,73185,53],{"id":52},[55,73187,73189],{"className":57,"code":73188,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73190,73191,73211,73222],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,73192,73193,73195,73197,73199,73201,73203,73205,73207,73209],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,73194,71],{"class":70},[64,73196,75],{"class":74},[64,73198,79],{"class":78},[64,73200,83],{"class":82},[64,73202,86],{"class":78},[64,73204,89],{"class":82},[64,73206,86],{"class":78},[64,73208,94],{"class":82},[64,73210,97],{"class":78},[64,73212,73213,73215,73217,73220],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,73214,116],{"class":70},[64,73216,148],{"class":78},[64,73218,73219],{"class":115},"reverse",[64,73221,8247],{"class":78},[64,73223,73224,73226,73228,73230,73232],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,73225,125],{"class":108},[64,73227,112],{"class":78},[64,73229,116],{"class":115},[64,73231,133],{"class":78},[64,73233,73234],{"class":136},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73236,73237,73239],{},[15,73238,73163],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[50,73241,152,73243,155],{"id":73242},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73244,73168],{},[20,73246,73247,160],{},[15,73248,73168],{},[30,73250,73251,73254,73257,73261],{},[33,73252,73253],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[33,73255,73256],{},"Changes the original list directly",[33,73258,11034,73259],{},[15,73260,258],{},[33,73262,73263],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73265,916],{},[55,73267,73269],{"className":57,"code":73268,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73270,73271,73311,73321],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,73272,73273,73275,73277,73279,73281,73283,73285,73287,73289,73291,73293,73295,73297,73299,73301,73303,73305,73307,73309],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,73274,35720],{"class":70},[64,73276,75],{"class":74},[64,73278,79],{"class":78},[64,73280,2686],{"class":320},[64,73282,285],{"class":329},[64,73284,2686],{"class":320},[64,73286,86],{"class":78},[64,73288,3184],{"class":320},[64,73290,1269],{"class":329},[64,73292,2686],{"class":320},[64,73294,86],{"class":78},[64,73296,3184],{"class":320},[64,73298,9346],{"class":329},[64,73300,2686],{"class":320},[64,73302,86],{"class":78},[64,73304,3184],{"class":320},[64,73306,18387],{"class":329},[64,73308,2686],{"class":320},[64,73310,97],{"class":78},[64,73312,73313,73315,73317,73319],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,73314,35773],{"class":70},[64,73316,148],{"class":78},[64,73318,73219],{"class":115},[64,73320,8247],{"class":78},[64,73322,73323,73325,73327,73329],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,73324,125],{"class":108},[64,73326,112],{"class":78},[64,73328,35773],{"class":115},[64,73330,119],{"class":78},[20,73332,384],{},[55,73334,73336],{"className":57,"code":73335,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73337,73338],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,73339,73340,73342,73344,73346,73348,73350,73352,73354,73356,73358,73360,73362,73364,73366,73368,73370,73372],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,73341,394],{"class":78},[64,73343,333],{"class":320},[64,73345,18387],{"class":329},[64,73347,333],{"class":320},[64,73349,86],{"class":78},[64,73351,326],{"class":320},[64,73353,9346],{"class":329},[64,73355,333],{"class":320},[64,73357,86],{"class":78},[64,73359,326],{"class":320},[64,73361,1269],{"class":329},[64,73363,333],{"class":320},[64,73365,86],{"class":78},[64,73367,326],{"class":320},[64,73369,285],{"class":329},[64,73371,333],{"class":320},[64,73373,97],{"class":78},[50,73375,1988],{"id":1987},[20,73377,1991],{},[55,73379,73381],{"className":57,"code":73380,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73382,73383],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,73384,73385,73387,73389,73391],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,73386,7941],{"class":70},[64,73388,148],{"class":78},[64,73390,73219],{"class":115},[64,73392,8247],{"class":78},[20,73394,12666],{},[30,73396,73397,73400,73403],{},[33,73398,73399],{},"No arguments are needed",[33,73401,73402],{},"You call it on an existing list",[33,73404,73405],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73407,916],{},[55,73409,73411],{"className":57,"code":73410,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73412,73413,73445,73455],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,73414,73415,73417,73419,73421,73423,73425,73427,73429,73431,73433,73435,73437,73439,73441,73443],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,73416,12690],{"class":70},[64,73418,75],{"class":74},[64,73420,79],{"class":78},[64,73422,2686],{"class":320},[64,73424,12707],{"class":329},[64,73426,2686],{"class":320},[64,73428,86],{"class":78},[64,73430,3184],{"class":320},[64,73432,17074],{"class":329},[64,73434,2686],{"class":320},[64,73436,86],{"class":78},[64,73438,3184],{"class":320},[64,73440,12724],{"class":329},[64,73442,2686],{"class":320},[64,73444,97],{"class":78},[64,73446,73447,73449,73451,73453],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,73448,17121],{"class":70},[64,73450,148],{"class":78},[64,73452,73219],{"class":115},[64,73454,8247],{"class":78},[64,73456,73457,73459,73461,73463],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,73458,125],{"class":108},[64,73460,112],{"class":78},[64,73462,17121],{"class":115},[64,73464,119],{"class":78},[20,73466,384],{},[55,73468,73470],{"className":57,"code":73469,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73471,73472],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,73473,73474,73476,73478,73480,73482,73484,73486,73488,73490,73492,73494,73496,73498],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,73475,394],{"class":78},[64,73477,333],{"class":320},[64,73479,12724],{"class":329},[64,73481,333],{"class":320},[64,73483,86],{"class":78},[64,73485,326],{"class":320},[64,73487,17074],{"class":329},[64,73489,333],{"class":320},[64,73491,86],{"class":78},[64,73493,326],{"class":320},[64,73495,12707],{"class":329},[64,73497,333],{"class":320},[64,73499,97],{"class":78},[50,73501,11086],{"id":11085},[20,73503,73504],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[55,73506,73508],{"className":57,"code":73507,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73509,73510,73534,73544],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,73511,73512,73514,73516,73518,73520,73522,73524,73526,73528,73530,73532],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,73513,71],{"class":70},[64,73515,75],{"class":74},[64,73517,79],{"class":78},[64,73519,2160],{"class":82},[64,73521,86],{"class":78},[64,73523,7390],{"class":82},[64,73525,86],{"class":78},[64,73527,7395],{"class":82},[64,73529,86],{"class":78},[64,73531,50481],{"class":82},[64,73533,97],{"class":78},[64,73535,73536,73538,73540,73542],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,73537,116],{"class":70},[64,73539,148],{"class":78},[64,73541,73219],{"class":115},[64,73543,8247],{"class":78},[64,73545,73546,73548,73550,73552],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,73547,125],{"class":108},[64,73549,112],{"class":78},[64,73551,116],{"class":115},[64,73553,119],{"class":78},[20,73555,384],{},[55,73557,73559],{"className":57,"code":73558,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73560,73561],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,73562,73563,73565,73567,73569,73571,73573,73575,73577,73579],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,73564,394],{"class":78},[64,73566,56332],{"class":82},[64,73568,86],{"class":78},[64,73570,7395],{"class":82},[64,73572,86],{"class":78},[64,73574,7390],{"class":82},[64,73576,86],{"class":78},[64,73578,5599],{"class":82},[64,73580,97],{"class":78},[20,73582,11295],{},[30,73584,73585,73591,73596],{},[33,73586,73587,73588],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73589,73590],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[33,73592,73593,73595],{},[15,73594,73163],{}," flips the order",[33,73597,73598],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[50,73600,73602,73604],{"id":73601},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73603,73163],{}," changes the original list",[20,73606,73607,73608,73611],{},"This method is ",[221,73609,73610],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[55,73613,73615],{"className":57,"code":73614,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73616,73617,73649,73659,73663],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,73618,73619,73621,73623,73625,73627,73629,73631,73633,73635,73637,73639,73641,73643,73645,73647],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,73620,35869],{"class":70},[64,73622,75],{"class":74},[64,73624,79],{"class":78},[64,73626,2686],{"class":320},[64,73628,576],{"class":329},[64,73630,2686],{"class":320},[64,73632,86],{"class":78},[64,73634,3184],{"class":320},[64,73636,585],{"class":329},[64,73638,2686],{"class":320},[64,73640,86],{"class":78},[64,73642,3184],{"class":320},[64,73644,594],{"class":329},[64,73646,2686],{"class":320},[64,73648,97],{"class":78},[64,73650,73651,73653,73655,73657],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,73652,35921],{"class":70},[64,73654,148],{"class":78},[64,73656,73219],{"class":115},[64,73658,8247],{"class":78},[64,73660,73661],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,73662,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,73664,73665,73667,73669,73671],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,73666,125],{"class":108},[64,73668,112],{"class":78},[64,73670,35921],{"class":115},[64,73672,119],{"class":78},[20,73674,384],{},[55,73676,73678],{"className":57,"code":73677,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73679,73680],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,73681,73682,73684,73686,73688,73690,73692,73694,73696,73698,73700,73702,73704,73706],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,73683,394],{"class":78},[64,73685,333],{"class":320},[64,73687,594],{"class":329},[64,73689,333],{"class":320},[64,73691,86],{"class":78},[64,73693,326],{"class":320},[64,73695,585],{"class":329},[64,73697,333],{"class":320},[64,73699,86],{"class":78},[64,73701,326],{"class":320},[64,73703,576],{"class":329},[64,73705,333],{"class":320},[64,73707,97],{"class":78},[20,73709,1923,73710,73712],{},[15,73711,73163],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73714,73715],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[55,73717,73719],{"className":57,"code":73718,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73720,73721,73753,73771,73775,73785],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,73722,73723,73725,73727,73729,73731,73733,73735,73737,73739,73741,73743,73745,73747,73749,73751],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,73724,35869],{"class":70},[64,73726,75],{"class":74},[64,73728,79],{"class":78},[64,73730,2686],{"class":320},[64,73732,576],{"class":329},[64,73734,2686],{"class":320},[64,73736,86],{"class":78},[64,73738,3184],{"class":320},[64,73740,585],{"class":329},[64,73742,2686],{"class":320},[64,73744,86],{"class":78},[64,73746,3184],{"class":320},[64,73748,594],{"class":329},[64,73750,2686],{"class":320},[64,73752,97],{"class":78},[64,73754,73755,73758,73760,73762,73765,73767,73769],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,73756,73757],{"class":70},"reversed_fruits ",[64,73759,75],{"class":74},[64,73761,52490],{"class":70},[64,73763,73764],{"class":78},"[::",[64,73766,1852],{"class":74},[64,73768,83],{"class":82},[64,73770,97],{"class":78},[64,73772,73773],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,73774,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,73776,73777,73779,73781,73783],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,73778,125],{"class":108},[64,73780,112],{"class":78},[64,73782,35921],{"class":115},[64,73784,119],{"class":78},[64,73786,73787,73789,73791,73794],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,73788,125],{"class":108},[64,73790,112],{"class":78},[64,73792,73793],{"class":115},"reversed_fruits",[64,73795,119],{"class":78},[20,73797,384],{},[55,73799,73801],{"className":57,"code":73800,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73802,73803,73831],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,73804,73805,73807,73809,73811,73813,73815,73817,73819,73821,73823,73825,73827,73829],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,73806,394],{"class":78},[64,73808,333],{"class":320},[64,73810,576],{"class":329},[64,73812,333],{"class":320},[64,73814,86],{"class":78},[64,73816,326],{"class":320},[64,73818,585],{"class":329},[64,73820,333],{"class":320},[64,73822,86],{"class":78},[64,73824,326],{"class":320},[64,73826,594],{"class":329},[64,73828,333],{"class":320},[64,73830,97],{"class":78},[64,73832,73833,73835,73837,73839,73841,73843,73845,73847,73849,73851,73853,73855,73857],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,73834,394],{"class":78},[64,73836,333],{"class":320},[64,73838,594],{"class":329},[64,73840,333],{"class":320},[64,73842,86],{"class":78},[64,73844,326],{"class":320},[64,73846,585],{"class":329},[64,73848,333],{"class":320},[64,73850,86],{"class":78},[64,73852,326],{"class":320},[64,73854,576],{"class":329},[64,73856,333],{"class":320},[64,73858,97],{"class":78},[20,73860,73861,73862,148],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[285,73863,73864],{"href":73181},"Python list slicing explained",[50,73866,73868],{"id":73867},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,73870,73871],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[55,73873,73875],{"className":57,"code":73874,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73876,73877,73897,73911,73915,73926],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,73878,73879,73881,73883,73885,73887,73889,73891,73893,73895],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,73880,71],{"class":70},[64,73882,75],{"class":74},[64,73884,79],{"class":78},[64,73886,83],{"class":82},[64,73888,86],{"class":78},[64,73890,89],{"class":82},[64,73892,86],{"class":78},[64,73894,94],{"class":82},[64,73896,97],{"class":78},[64,73898,73899,73901,73903,73905,73907,73909],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,73900,55529],{"class":70},[64,73902,75],{"class":74},[64,73904,762],{"class":70},[64,73906,148],{"class":78},[64,73908,73219],{"class":115},[64,73910,8247],{"class":78},[64,73912,73913],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,73914,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,73916,73917,73919,73921,73924],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,73918,125],{"class":108},[64,73920,112],{"class":78},[64,73922,73923],{"class":115},"new_list",[64,73925,119],{"class":78},[64,73927,73928,73930,73932,73934],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,73929,125],{"class":108},[64,73931,112],{"class":78},[64,73933,116],{"class":115},[64,73935,119],{"class":78},[20,73937,384],{},[55,73939,73941],{"className":57,"code":73940,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73942,73943,73947],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,73944,73945],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,73946,11420],{"class":338},[64,73948,73949,73951,73953,73955,73957,73959,73961],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,73950,394],{"class":78},[64,73952,1892],{"class":82},[64,73954,86],{"class":78},[64,73956,89],{"class":82},[64,73958,86],{"class":78},[64,73960,5091],{"class":82},[64,73962,97],{"class":78},[20,73964,11512],{},[30,73966,73967,73975,73979],{},[33,73968,73969,73971,73972,73974],{},[15,73970,73163],{}," changes ",[15,73973,116],{}," directly",[33,73976,40539,73977,71481],{},[221,73978,1138],{},[33,73980,53292,73981,41789,73983],{},[15,73982,73923],{},[15,73984,258],{},[20,73986,61539],{},[55,73988,73990],{"className":57,"code":73989,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73991,73992,74012,74022,74026],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,73993,73994,73996,73998,74000,74002,74004,74006,74008,74010],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,73995,71],{"class":70},[64,73997,75],{"class":74},[64,73999,79],{"class":78},[64,74001,83],{"class":82},[64,74003,86],{"class":78},[64,74005,89],{"class":82},[64,74007,86],{"class":78},[64,74009,94],{"class":82},[64,74011,97],{"class":78},[64,74013,74014,74016,74018,74020],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,74015,116],{"class":70},[64,74017,148],{"class":78},[64,74019,73219],{"class":115},[64,74021,8247],{"class":78},[64,74023,74024],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,74025,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,74027,74028,74030,74032,74034],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,74029,125],{"class":108},[64,74031,112],{"class":78},[64,74033,116],{"class":115},[64,74035,119],{"class":78},[20,74037,384],{},[55,74039,74041],{"className":57,"code":74040,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74042,74043],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,74044,74045,74047,74049,74051,74053,74055,74057],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74046,394],{"class":78},[64,74048,1892],{"class":82},[64,74050,86],{"class":78},[64,74052,89],{"class":82},[64,74054,86],{"class":78},[64,74056,5091],{"class":82},[64,74058,97],{"class":78},[50,74060,74062,10193,74064,74067],{"id":74061},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74063,73163],{},[15,74065,74066],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74069,74070],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[428,74072,74073],{"id":73219},[15,74074,73163],{},[20,74076,74077,74079],{},[15,74078,73163],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[55,74081,74083],{"className":57,"code":74082,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74084,74085,74105,74115],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,74086,74087,74089,74091,74093,74095,74097,74099,74101,74103],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74088,71],{"class":70},[64,74090,75],{"class":74},[64,74092,79],{"class":78},[64,74094,1892],{"class":82},[64,74096,86],{"class":78},[64,74098,5091],{"class":82},[64,74100,86],{"class":78},[64,74102,89],{"class":82},[64,74104,97],{"class":78},[64,74106,74107,74109,74111,74113],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,74108,116],{"class":70},[64,74110,148],{"class":78},[64,74112,73219],{"class":115},[64,74114,8247],{"class":78},[64,74116,74117,74119,74121,74123],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,74118,125],{"class":108},[64,74120,112],{"class":78},[64,74122,116],{"class":115},[64,74124,119],{"class":78},[20,74126,384],{},[55,74128,74130],{"className":57,"code":74129,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74131,74132],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,74133,74134,74136,74138,74140,74142,74144,74146],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74135,394],{"class":78},[64,74137,815],{"class":82},[64,74139,86],{"class":78},[64,74141,5091],{"class":82},[64,74143,86],{"class":78},[64,74145,94],{"class":82},[64,74147,97],{"class":78},[20,74149,74150,74151,74153],{},"Notice that this is ",[221,74152,1138],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[428,74155,74157],{"id":74156},"sorted",[15,74158,74066],{},[20,74160,74161,74166],{},[285,74162,74164],{"href":74163},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74165,74066],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[55,74168,74170],{"className":57,"code":74169,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74171,74172,74192,74207,74211,74221],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,74173,74174,74176,74178,74180,74182,74184,74186,74188,74190],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74175,71],{"class":70},[64,74177,75],{"class":74},[64,74179,79],{"class":78},[64,74181,1892],{"class":82},[64,74183,86],{"class":78},[64,74185,5091],{"class":82},[64,74187,86],{"class":78},[64,74189,89],{"class":82},[64,74191,97],{"class":78},[64,74193,74194,74196,74198,74201,74203,74205],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,74195,103],{"class":70},[64,74197,75],{"class":74},[64,74199,74200],{"class":108}," sorted",[64,74202,112],{"class":78},[64,74204,116],{"class":115},[64,74206,119],{"class":78},[64,74208,74209],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,74210,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,74212,74213,74215,74217,74219],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,74214,125],{"class":108},[64,74216,112],{"class":78},[64,74218,116],{"class":115},[64,74220,119],{"class":78},[64,74222,74223,74225,74227,74229],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,74224,125],{"class":108},[64,74226,112],{"class":78},[64,74228,130],{"class":115},[64,74230,119],{"class":78},[20,74232,384],{},[55,74234,74236],{"className":57,"code":74235,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74237,74238,74254],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,74239,74240,74242,74244,74246,74248,74250,74252],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74241,394],{"class":78},[64,74243,1892],{"class":82},[64,74245,86],{"class":78},[64,74247,5091],{"class":82},[64,74249,86],{"class":78},[64,74251,89],{"class":82},[64,74253,97],{"class":78},[64,74255,74256,74258,74260,74262,74264,74266,74268],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,74257,394],{"class":78},[64,74259,83],{"class":82},[64,74261,86],{"class":78},[64,74263,89],{"class":82},[64,74265,86],{"class":78},[64,74267,94],{"class":82},[64,74269,97],{"class":78},[20,74271,74272,74273,148],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74274,74275],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[428,74277,74279],{"id":74278},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74281,74282,74283,74286],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74284,74285],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[55,74288,74290],{"className":57,"code":74289,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74291,74292,74312,74328,74332,74342],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,74293,74294,74296,74298,74300,74302,74304,74306,74308,74310],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74295,71],{"class":70},[64,74297,75],{"class":74},[64,74299,79],{"class":78},[64,74301,1892],{"class":82},[64,74303,86],{"class":78},[64,74305,5091],{"class":82},[64,74307,86],{"class":78},[64,74309,89],{"class":82},[64,74311,97],{"class":78},[64,74313,74314,74316,74318,74320,74322,74324,74326],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,74315,103],{"class":70},[64,74317,75],{"class":74},[64,74319,762],{"class":70},[64,74321,73764],{"class":78},[64,74323,1852],{"class":74},[64,74325,83],{"class":82},[64,74327,97],{"class":78},[64,74329,74330],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,74331,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,74333,74334,74336,74338,74340],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,74335,125],{"class":108},[64,74337,112],{"class":78},[64,74339,116],{"class":115},[64,74341,119],{"class":78},[64,74343,74344,74346,74348,74350],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,74345,125],{"class":108},[64,74347,112],{"class":78},[64,74349,130],{"class":115},[64,74351,119],{"class":78},[20,74353,384],{},[55,74355,74357],{"className":57,"code":74356,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74358,74359,74375],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,74360,74361,74363,74365,74367,74369,74371,74373],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74362,394],{"class":78},[64,74364,1892],{"class":82},[64,74366,86],{"class":78},[64,74368,5091],{"class":82},[64,74370,86],{"class":78},[64,74372,89],{"class":82},[64,74374,97],{"class":78},[64,74376,74377,74379,74381,74383,74385,74387,74389],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,74378,394],{"class":78},[64,74380,815],{"class":82},[64,74382,86],{"class":78},[64,74384,5091],{"class":82},[64,74386,86],{"class":78},[64,74388,94],{"class":82},[64,74390,97],{"class":78},[428,74392,74394],{"id":74393},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[30,74396,74397,74402,74407],{},[33,74398,1923,74399,74401],{},[15,74400,73163],{}," when you want to change the original list",[33,74403,1923,74404,74406],{},[15,74405,74285],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[33,74408,1923,74409,74411],{},[15,74410,74066],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74413,74414,74415,74421],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[285,74416,74418,74419,10349],{"href":74417},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74420,63953],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[50,74423,1471,74425],{"id":74424},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74426,73163],{},[20,74428,74429,74431],{},[15,74430,73163],{}," is a good choice:",[30,74433,74434,74437,74440],{},[33,74435,74436],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[33,74438,74439],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[33,74441,74442],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74444,74445,74446,148],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[285,74447,74449],{"href":74448},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[50,74451,2661],{"id":2660},[20,74453,74454,74455,74457],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74456,73163],{}," for these reasons:",[30,74459,74460,74464,74469,74474],{},[33,74461,12207,74462,12210],{},[15,74463,73163],{},[33,74465,8056,74466,74468],{},[15,74467,73163],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[33,74470,8020,74471,74473],{},[15,74472,73163],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[33,74475,36835,74476,8309,74478],{},[15,74477,73163],{},[15,74479,74480],{},"reversed()",[20,74482,74483],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[55,74485,74487],{"className":57,"code":74486,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74488,74489,74501],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,74490,74491,74493,74495,74497,74499],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74492,34315],{"class":70},[64,74494,75],{"class":74},[64,74496,3184],{"class":320},[64,74498,330],{"class":329},[64,74500,3190],{"class":320},[64,74502,74503,74505,74507,74509],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,74504,34336],{"class":70},[64,74506,148],{"class":78},[64,74508,73219],{"class":115},[64,74510,8247],{"class":78},[20,74512,74513,74514,33227],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74515,73163],{},[20,74517,74518],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[55,74520,74522],{"className":57,"code":74521,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74523,74524,74544,74548,74558,74572,74576,74590,74600,74604],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,74525,74526,74528,74530,74532,74534,74536,74538,74540,74542],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74527,7910],{"class":70},[64,74529,75],{"class":74},[64,74531,79],{"class":78},[64,74533,83],{"class":82},[64,74535,86],{"class":78},[64,74537,89],{"class":82},[64,74539,86],{"class":78},[64,74541,94],{"class":82},[64,74543,97],{"class":78},[64,74545,74546],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,74547,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,74549,74550,74552,74554,74556],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,74551,125],{"class":108},[64,74553,112],{"class":78},[64,74555,7941],{"class":115},[64,74557,119],{"class":78},[64,74559,74560,74562,74564,74566,74568,74570],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,74561,125],{"class":108},[64,74563,112],{"class":78},[64,74565,3052],{"class":357},[64,74567,112],{"class":78},[64,74569,7941],{"class":115},[64,74571,471],{"class":78},[64,74573,74574],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,74575,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,74577,74578,74580,74582,74584,74586,74588],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,74579,103],{"class":70},[64,74581,75],{"class":74},[64,74583,7998],{"class":70},[64,74585,148],{"class":78},[64,74587,73219],{"class":115},[64,74589,8247],{"class":78},[64,74591,74592,74594,74596,74598],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,74593,125],{"class":108},[64,74595,112],{"class":78},[64,74597,130],{"class":115},[64,74599,119],{"class":78},[64,74601,74602],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,74603,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,74605,74606,74608,74610,74612,74614,74616,74618],{"class":66,"line":6028},[64,74607,125],{"class":108},[64,74609,112],{"class":78},[64,74611,7941],{"class":115},[64,74613,73764],{"class":78},[64,74615,1852],{"class":74},[64,74617,83],{"class":82},[64,74619,381],{"class":78},[20,74621,384],{},[55,74623,74625],{"className":57,"code":74624,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74626,74627,74643,74657,74661],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,74628,74629,74631,74633,74635,74637,74639,74641],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74630,394],{"class":78},[64,74632,83],{"class":82},[64,74634,86],{"class":78},[64,74636,89],{"class":82},[64,74638,86],{"class":78},[64,74640,94],{"class":82},[64,74642,97],{"class":78},[64,74644,74645,74647,74649,74651,74653,74655],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,74646,3121],{"class":74},[64,74648,3124],{"class":1895},[64,74650,326],{"class":320},[64,74652,7695],{"class":329},[64,74654,333],{"class":320},[64,74656,3133],{"class":74},[64,74658,74659],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,74660,11420],{"class":338},[64,74662,74663,74665,74667,74669,74671,74673,74675],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,74664,394],{"class":78},[64,74666,83],{"class":82},[64,74668,86],{"class":78},[64,74670,89],{"class":82},[64,74672,86],{"class":78},[64,74674,5091],{"class":82},[64,74676,97],{"class":78},[20,74678,74679],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[55,74681,74683],{"className":57,"code":74682,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74684,74685,74705,74709,74719,74733,74737,74751,74761,74771],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,74686,74687,74689,74691,74693,74695,74697,74699,74701,74703],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74688,7910],{"class":70},[64,74690,75],{"class":74},[64,74692,79],{"class":78},[64,74694,83],{"class":82},[64,74696,86],{"class":78},[64,74698,89],{"class":82},[64,74700,86],{"class":78},[64,74702,94],{"class":82},[64,74704,97],{"class":78},[64,74706,74707],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,74708,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,74710,74711,74713,74715,74717],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,74712,125],{"class":108},[64,74714,112],{"class":78},[64,74716,7941],{"class":115},[64,74718,119],{"class":78},[64,74720,74721,74723,74725,74727,74729,74731],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,74722,125],{"class":108},[64,74724,112],{"class":78},[64,74726,3052],{"class":357},[64,74728,112],{"class":78},[64,74730,7941],{"class":115},[64,74732,471],{"class":78},[64,74734,74735],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,74736,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,74738,74739,74741,74743,74745,74747,74749],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,74740,103],{"class":70},[64,74742,75],{"class":74},[64,74744,7998],{"class":70},[64,74746,148],{"class":78},[64,74748,73219],{"class":115},[64,74750,8247],{"class":78},[64,74752,74753,74755,74757,74759],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,74754,125],{"class":108},[64,74756,112],{"class":78},[64,74758,130],{"class":115},[64,74760,119],{"class":78},[64,74762,74763,74765,74767,74769],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,74764,125],{"class":108},[64,74766,112],{"class":78},[64,74768,7941],{"class":115},[64,74770,119],{"class":78},[64,74772,74773,74775,74777,74779,74781,74783,74785],{"class":66,"line":6028},[64,74774,125],{"class":108},[64,74776,112],{"class":78},[64,74778,7941],{"class":115},[64,74780,73764],{"class":78},[64,74782,1852],{"class":74},[64,74784,83],{"class":82},[64,74786,381],{"class":78},[20,74788,384],{},[55,74790,74792],{"className":57,"code":74791,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74793,74794,74810,74824,74828,74844],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,74795,74796,74798,74800,74802,74804,74806,74808],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74797,394],{"class":78},[64,74799,83],{"class":82},[64,74801,86],{"class":78},[64,74803,89],{"class":82},[64,74805,86],{"class":78},[64,74807,94],{"class":82},[64,74809,97],{"class":78},[64,74811,74812,74814,74816,74818,74820,74822],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,74813,3121],{"class":74},[64,74815,3124],{"class":1895},[64,74817,326],{"class":320},[64,74819,7695],{"class":329},[64,74821,333],{"class":320},[64,74823,3133],{"class":74},[64,74825,74826],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,74827,11420],{"class":338},[64,74829,74830,74832,74834,74836,74838,74840,74842],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,74831,394],{"class":78},[64,74833,1892],{"class":82},[64,74835,86],{"class":78},[64,74837,89],{"class":82},[64,74839,86],{"class":78},[64,74841,5091],{"class":82},[64,74843,97],{"class":78},[64,74845,74846,74848,74850,74852,74854,74856,74858],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,74847,394],{"class":78},[64,74849,83],{"class":82},[64,74851,86],{"class":78},[64,74853,89],{"class":82},[64,74855,86],{"class":78},[64,74857,94],{"class":82},[64,74859,97],{"class":78},[20,74861,74862],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[30,74864,74865,74874,74883],{},[33,74866,27419,74867,74870,74871],{},[15,74868,74869],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,74872,74873],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[33,74875,11528,74876,74879,74880,22181],{},[15,74877,74878],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[221,74881,74882],{},"current",[33,74884,74885,74886],{},"So it prints ",[15,74887,74888],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[50,74890,1651],{"id":1650},[428,74892,12317,74894,55108],{"id":74893},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,74895,73168],{},[20,74897,62244,74898,148],{},[15,74899,258],{},[428,74901,33832,74903,33835,74905,1677],{"id":74902},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,74904,73163],{},[15,74906,74907],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,74909,74910,74912],{},[15,74911,73163],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,74914,74915,74917],{},[15,74916,74907],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[428,74919,27952,74921,74923],{"id":74920},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,74922,73163],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,74925,46001,74926,74928],{},[15,74927,73163],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[428,74930,74932],{"id":74931},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,74934,74935],{},"Use slicing:",[55,74937,74939],{"className":57,"code":74938,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,74940,74941],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,74942,74943,74945,74947,74949,74951],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74944,7941],{"class":70},[64,74946,73764],{"class":78},[64,74948,1852],{"class":74},[64,74950,83],{"class":82},[64,74952,97],{"class":78},[20,74954,74955],{},"Or use:",[55,74957,74959],{"className":57,"code":74958,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,74960,74961],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,74962,74963,74965,74967,74970,74972,74974],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,74964,7695],{"class":357},[64,74966,112],{"class":78},[64,74968,74969],{"class":108},"reversed",[64,74971,112],{"class":78},[64,74973,7941],{"class":115},[64,74975,471],{"class":78},[20,74977,74978,74979,74983],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[285,74980,55159,74981],{"href":54599},[15,74982,12390],{}," can also help.",[50,74985,1717],{"id":1716},[30,74987,74988,74994,75000,75004,75008],{},[33,74989,74990],{},[285,74991,55159,74992,10349],{"href":74417},[15,74993,63953],{},[33,74995,74996],{},[285,74997,13,74998,1713],{"href":74163},[15,74999,74066],{},[33,75001,75002],{},[285,75003,74449],{"href":74448},[33,75005,75006],{},[285,75007,73864],{"href":73181},[33,75009,75010],{},[285,75011,55159,75012,10349],{"href":54599},[15,75013,12390],{},[1751,75015,75016],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":75018},[75019,75020,75022,75023,75024,75026,75027,75034,75036,75037,75046],{"id":52,"depth":100,"text":53},{"id":73242,"depth":100,"text":75021},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":11085,"depth":100,"text":11086},{"id":73601,"depth":100,"text":75025},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73867,"depth":100,"text":73868},{"id":74061,"depth":100,"text":75028,"children":75029},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75030,75031,75032,75033],{"id":73219,"depth":122,"text":73163},{"id":74156,"depth":122,"text":74066},{"id":74278,"depth":122,"text":74279},{"id":74393,"depth":122,"text":74394},{"id":74424,"depth":100,"text":75035},"When to use reverse()",{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":75038},[75039,75041,75043,75045],{"id":74893,"depth":122,"text":75040},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":74902,"depth":122,"text":75042},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":74920,"depth":122,"text":75044},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":74931,"depth":122,"text":74932},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73155,"description":75047},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75054,"title":75055,"body":75056,"description":77489,"extension":1791,"meta":77490,"navigation":346,"path":77491,"seo":77492,"stem":77493,"__hash__":77494},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75057,"toc":77457},[75058,75061,75073,75076,75099,75107,75109,75221,75230,75234,75237,75240,75327,75329,75362,75364,75387,75393,75397,75400,75422,75424,75441,75444,75464,75466,75576,75578,75655,75659,75662,75705,75707,75840,75842,75944,75949,75953,75956,75958,75972,75975,76089,76091,76165,76167,76195,76199,76204,76234,76237,76363,76365,76447,76453,76457,76459,76498,76507,76511,76514,76518,76565,76567,76575,76579,76630,76632,76645,76647,76661,76664,76672,76674,76721,76723,76731,76734,76777,76782,76785,76788,76811,76815,76866,76869,76890,76900,76904,76906,76936,76939,76962,76966,76969,77036,77038,77075,77078,77086,77153,77155,77192,77198,77205,77209,77212,77242,77247,77251,77254,77278,77281,77375,77385,77387,77391,77394,77398,77401,77406,77409,77415,77418,77420,77448,77454],[10,75059,75055],{"id":75060},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75062,75063,75064,2020,75066,16690,75069,75072],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75065,35702],{},[15,75067,75068],{},"stop",[15,75070,75071],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75074,75075],{},"The basic slice form is:",[55,75077,75079],{"className":57,"code":75078,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75080,75081],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,75082,75083,75085,75087,75089,75091,75093,75095,75097],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,75084,7941],{"class":70},[64,75086,394],{"class":78},[64,75088,35702],{"class":70},[64,75090,160],{"class":78},[64,75092,75068],{"class":70},[64,75094,160],{"class":78},[64,75096,75071],{"class":70},[64,75098,97],{"class":78},[20,75100,75101,75102,75104,75105,148],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75103,75068],{}," position is ",[221,75106,64711],{},[50,75108,1833],{"id":1832},[55,75110,75112],{"className":57,"code":75111,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75113,75114,75142,75146,75167,75185,75202],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,75115,75116,75118,75120,75122,75124,75126,75128,75130,75132,75134,75136,75138,75140],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,75117,71],{"class":70},[64,75119,75],{"class":74},[64,75121,79],{"class":78},[64,75123,2160],{"class":82},[64,75125,86],{"class":78},[64,75127,7390],{"class":82},[64,75129,86],{"class":78},[64,75131,7395],{"class":82},[64,75133,86],{"class":78},[64,75135,50481],{"class":82},[64,75137,86],{"class":78},[64,75139,1591],{"class":82},[64,75141,97],{"class":78},[64,75143,75144],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,75145,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,75147,75148,75150,75152,75154,75156,75158,75160,75162,75164],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,75149,125],{"class":108},[64,75151,112],{"class":78},[64,75153,116],{"class":115},[64,75155,394],{"class":78},[64,75157,83],{"class":82},[64,75159,160],{"class":78},[64,75161,2334],{"class":82},[64,75163,20066],{"class":78},[64,75165,75166],{"class":136},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[64,75168,75169,75171,75173,75175,75178,75180,75182],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,75170,125],{"class":108},[64,75172,112],{"class":78},[64,75174,116],{"class":115},[64,75176,75177],{"class":78},"[:",[64,75179,1892],{"class":82},[64,75181,20066],{"class":78},[64,75183,75184],{"class":136},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[64,75186,75187,75189,75191,75193,75195,75197,75199],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,75188,125],{"class":108},[64,75190,112],{"class":78},[64,75192,116],{"class":115},[64,75194,73764],{"class":78},[64,75196,815],{"class":82},[64,75198,20066],{"class":78},[64,75200,75201],{"class":136},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[64,75203,75204,75206,75208,75210,75212,75214,75216,75218],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,75205,125],{"class":108},[64,75207,112],{"class":78},[64,75209,116],{"class":115},[64,75211,73764],{"class":78},[64,75213,1852],{"class":74},[64,75215,83],{"class":82},[64,75217,20066],{"class":78},[64,75219,75220],{"class":136},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75222,1923,75223,75226,75227,75229],{},[15,75224,75225],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75228,75068],{}," value is not included.",[50,75231,75233],{"id":75232},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75235,75236],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75238,75239],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[55,75241,75243],{"className":57,"code":75242,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75244,75245,75293,75297,75316],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,75246,75247,75249,75251,75253,75255,75257,75259,75261,75263,75265,75267,75269,75271,75273,75275,75277,75279,75281,75283,75285,75287,75289,75291],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,75248,35720],{"class":70},[64,75250,75],{"class":74},[64,75252,79],{"class":78},[64,75254,2686],{"class":320},[64,75256,285],{"class":329},[64,75258,2686],{"class":320},[64,75260,86],{"class":78},[64,75262,3184],{"class":320},[64,75264,1269],{"class":329},[64,75266,2686],{"class":320},[64,75268,86],{"class":78},[64,75270,3184],{"class":320},[64,75272,9346],{"class":329},[64,75274,2686],{"class":320},[64,75276,86],{"class":78},[64,75278,3184],{"class":320},[64,75280,18387],{"class":329},[64,75282,2686],{"class":320},[64,75284,86],{"class":78},[64,75286,3184],{"class":320},[64,75288,60088],{"class":329},[64,75290,2686],{"class":320},[64,75292,97],{"class":78},[64,75294,75295],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,75296,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,75298,75299,75302,75304,75306,75308,75310,75312,75314],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,75300,75301],{"class":70},"part ",[64,75303,75],{"class":74},[64,75305,69738],{"class":70},[64,75307,394],{"class":78},[64,75309,83],{"class":82},[64,75311,160],{"class":78},[64,75313,2334],{"class":82},[64,75315,97],{"class":78},[64,75317,75318,75320,75322,75325],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,75319,125],{"class":108},[64,75321,112],{"class":78},[64,75323,75324],{"class":115},"part",[64,75326,119],{"class":78},[20,75328,384],{},[55,75330,75332],{"className":57,"code":75331,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75333,75334],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,75335,75336,75338,75340,75342,75344,75346,75348,75350,75352,75354,75356,75358,75360],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,75337,394],{"class":78},[64,75339,333],{"class":320},[64,75341,1269],{"class":329},[64,75343,333],{"class":320},[64,75345,86],{"class":78},[64,75347,326],{"class":320},[64,75349,9346],{"class":329},[64,75351,333],{"class":320},[64,75353,86],{"class":78},[64,75355,326],{"class":320},[64,75357,18387],{"class":329},[64,75359,333],{"class":320},[64,75361,97],{"class":78},[20,75363,12666],{},[30,75365,75366,75369,75372,75378,75384],{},[33,75367,75368],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[33,75370,75371],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[33,75373,75374,75375],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75376,75377],{},"list[start:stop]",[33,75379,75380,75381,75383],{},"The item at ",[15,75382,75068],{}," is not included",[33,75385,75386],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75388,75389,75390,148],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[285,75391,75392],{"href":50617},"beginner guide to Python lists",[50,75394,75396],{"id":75395},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75398,75399],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[55,75401,75402],{"className":57,"code":75078,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,75403,75404],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,75405,75406,75408,75410,75412,75414,75416,75418,75420],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,75407,7941],{"class":70},[64,75409,394],{"class":78},[64,75411,35702],{"class":70},[64,75413,160],{"class":78},[64,75415,75068],{"class":70},[64,75417,160],{"class":78},[64,75419,75071],{"class":70},[64,75421,97],{"class":78},[20,75423,64687],{},[30,75425,75426,75431,75436],{},[33,75427,75428,75430],{},[15,75429,35702],{}," is where slicing begins",[33,75432,75433,75435],{},[15,75434,75068],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[33,75437,75438,75440],{},[15,75439,75071],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75442,75443],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[30,75445,75446,75452,75457],{},[33,75447,75448,75449,75451],{},"Missing ",[15,75450,35702],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[33,75453,75448,75454,75456],{},[15,75455,75068],{}," means go to the end of the list",[33,75458,75448,75459,75461,75462],{},[15,75460,75071],{}," means use ",[15,75463,83],{},[20,75465,916],{},[55,75467,75469],{"className":57,"code":75468,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75470,75471,75499,75503,75524,75541,75559],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,75472,75473,75475,75477,75479,75481,75483,75485,75487,75489,75491,75493,75495,75497],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,75474,71],{"class":70},[64,75476,75],{"class":74},[64,75478,79],{"class":78},[64,75480,2160],{"class":82},[64,75482,86],{"class":78},[64,75484,7390],{"class":82},[64,75486,86],{"class":78},[64,75488,7395],{"class":82},[64,75490,86],{"class":78},[64,75492,50481],{"class":82},[64,75494,86],{"class":78},[64,75496,1591],{"class":82},[64,75498,97],{"class":78},[64,75500,75501],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,75502,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,75504,75505,75507,75509,75511,75513,75515,75517,75519,75521],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,75506,125],{"class":108},[64,75508,112],{"class":78},[64,75510,116],{"class":115},[64,75512,394],{"class":78},[64,75514,83],{"class":82},[64,75516,160],{"class":78},[64,75518,2334],{"class":82},[64,75520,20066],{"class":78},[64,75522,75523],{"class":136},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[64,75525,75526,75528,75530,75532,75534,75536,75538],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,75527,125],{"class":108},[64,75529,112],{"class":78},[64,75531,116],{"class":115},[64,75533,75177],{"class":78},[64,75535,1892],{"class":82},[64,75537,20066],{"class":78},[64,75539,75540],{"class":136},"    # start from the beginning\n",[64,75542,75543,75545,75547,75549,75551,75553,75556],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,75544,125],{"class":108},[64,75546,112],{"class":78},[64,75548,116],{"class":115},[64,75550,394],{"class":78},[64,75552,815],{"class":82},[64,75554,75555],{"class":78},":])",[64,75557,75558],{"class":136},"    # go to the end\n",[64,75560,75561,75563,75565,75567,75569,75571,75573],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,75562,125],{"class":108},[64,75564,112],{"class":78},[64,75566,116],{"class":115},[64,75568,73764],{"class":78},[64,75570,83],{"class":82},[64,75572,20066],{"class":78},[64,75574,75575],{"class":136},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75577,384],{},[55,75579,75581],{"className":57,"code":75580,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75582,75583,75599,75615,75631],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,75584,75585,75587,75589,75591,75593,75595,75597],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,75586,394],{"class":78},[64,75588,15371],{"class":82},[64,75590,86],{"class":78},[64,75592,7395],{"class":82},[64,75594,86],{"class":78},[64,75596,50481],{"class":82},[64,75598,97],{"class":78},[64,75600,75601,75603,75605,75607,75609,75611,75613],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,75602,394],{"class":78},[64,75604,2160],{"class":82},[64,75606,86],{"class":78},[64,75608,7390],{"class":82},[64,75610,86],{"class":78},[64,75612,7395],{"class":82},[64,75614,97],{"class":78},[64,75616,75617,75619,75621,75623,75625,75627,75629],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,75618,394],{"class":78},[64,75620,36472],{"class":82},[64,75622,86],{"class":78},[64,75624,50481],{"class":82},[64,75626,86],{"class":78},[64,75628,1591],{"class":82},[64,75630,97],{"class":78},[64,75632,75633,75635,75637,75639,75641,75643,75645,75647,75649,75651,75653],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,75634,394],{"class":78},[64,75636,2160],{"class":82},[64,75638,86],{"class":78},[64,75640,7390],{"class":82},[64,75642,86],{"class":78},[64,75644,7395],{"class":82},[64,75646,86],{"class":78},[64,75648,50481],{"class":82},[64,75650,86],{"class":78},[64,75652,1591],{"class":82},[64,75654,97],{"class":78},[50,75656,75658],{"id":75657},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75660,75661],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[30,75663,75664,75673,75682,75693,75699],{},[33,75665,75666,75669,75670,5560],{},[15,75667,75668],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75671,75672],{},"n",[33,75674,75675,75678,75679,75681],{},[15,75676,75677],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75680,75672],{}," to the end",[33,75683,75684,75687,75688,75690,75691],{},[15,75685,75686],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75689,285],{}," up to ",[15,75692,1269],{},[33,75694,75695,75698],{},[15,75696,75697],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[33,75700,75701,75704],{},[15,75702,75703],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75706,916],{},[55,75708,75710],{"className":57,"code":75709,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75711,75712,75745,75749,75766,75783,75804,75821],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,75713,75714,75716,75718,75720,75722,75724,75726,75728,75730,75732,75734,75736,75738,75740,75743],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,75715,71],{"class":70},[64,75717,75],{"class":74},[64,75719,79],{"class":78},[64,75721,2160],{"class":82},[64,75723,86],{"class":78},[64,75725,7390],{"class":82},[64,75727,86],{"class":78},[64,75729,7395],{"class":82},[64,75731,86],{"class":78},[64,75733,50481],{"class":82},[64,75735,86],{"class":78},[64,75737,1591],{"class":82},[64,75739,86],{"class":78},[64,75741,75742],{"class":82}," 60",[64,75744,97],{"class":78},[64,75746,75747],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,75748,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,75750,75751,75753,75755,75757,75759,75761,75763],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,75752,125],{"class":108},[64,75754,112],{"class":78},[64,75756,116],{"class":115},[64,75758,75177],{"class":78},[64,75760,1892],{"class":82},[64,75762,20066],{"class":78},[64,75764,75765],{"class":136},"    # first 3 items\n",[64,75767,75768,75770,75772,75774,75776,75778,75780],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,75769,125],{"class":108},[64,75771,112],{"class":78},[64,75773,116],{"class":115},[64,75775,394],{"class":78},[64,75777,1892],{"class":82},[64,75779,75555],{"class":78},[64,75781,75782],{"class":136},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[64,75784,75785,75787,75789,75791,75793,75795,75797,75799,75801],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,75786,125],{"class":108},[64,75788,112],{"class":78},[64,75790,116],{"class":115},[64,75792,394],{"class":78},[64,75794,83],{"class":82},[64,75796,160],{"class":78},[64,75798,1107],{"class":82},[64,75800,20066],{"class":78},[64,75802,75803],{"class":136},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[64,75805,75806,75808,75810,75812,75814,75816,75818],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,75807,125],{"class":108},[64,75809,112],{"class":78},[64,75811,116],{"class":115},[64,75813,73764],{"class":78},[64,75815,815],{"class":82},[64,75817,20066],{"class":78},[64,75819,75820],{"class":136},"   # every second item\n",[64,75822,75823,75825,75827,75829,75831,75833,75835,75837],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,75824,125],{"class":108},[64,75826,112],{"class":78},[64,75828,116],{"class":115},[64,75830,73764],{"class":78},[64,75832,1852],{"class":74},[64,75834,83],{"class":82},[64,75836,20066],{"class":78},[64,75838,75839],{"class":136},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,75841,384],{},[55,75843,75845],{"className":57,"code":75844,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75846,75847,75863,75879,75899,75915],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,75848,75849,75851,75853,75855,75857,75859,75861],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,75850,394],{"class":78},[64,75852,2160],{"class":82},[64,75854,86],{"class":78},[64,75856,7390],{"class":82},[64,75858,86],{"class":78},[64,75860,7395],{"class":82},[64,75862,97],{"class":78},[64,75864,75865,75867,75869,75871,75873,75875,75877],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,75866,394],{"class":78},[64,75868,56332],{"class":82},[64,75870,86],{"class":78},[64,75872,1591],{"class":82},[64,75874,86],{"class":78},[64,75876,75742],{"class":82},[64,75878,97],{"class":78},[64,75880,75881,75883,75885,75887,75889,75891,75893,75895,75897],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,75882,394],{"class":78},[64,75884,15371],{"class":82},[64,75886,86],{"class":78},[64,75888,7395],{"class":82},[64,75890,86],{"class":78},[64,75892,50481],{"class":82},[64,75894,86],{"class":78},[64,75896,1591],{"class":82},[64,75898,97],{"class":78},[64,75900,75901,75903,75905,75907,75909,75911,75913],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,75902,394],{"class":78},[64,75904,2160],{"class":82},[64,75906,86],{"class":78},[64,75908,7395],{"class":82},[64,75910,86],{"class":78},[64,75912,1591],{"class":82},[64,75914,97],{"class":78},[64,75916,75917,75919,75922,75924,75926,75928,75930,75932,75934,75936,75938,75940,75942],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,75918,394],{"class":78},[64,75920,75921],{"class":82},"60",[64,75923,86],{"class":78},[64,75925,1591],{"class":82},[64,75927,86],{"class":78},[64,75929,50481],{"class":82},[64,75931,86],{"class":78},[64,75933,7395],{"class":82},[64,75935,86],{"class":78},[64,75937,7390],{"class":82},[64,75939,86],{"class":78},[64,75941,5599],{"class":82},[64,75943,97],{"class":78},[20,75945,75946,75947,148],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[285,75948,14504],{"href":56859},[50,75950,75952],{"id":75951},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,75954,75955],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,75957,5065],{},[30,75959,75960,75966],{},[33,75961,75962,75965],{},[15,75963,75964],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[33,75967,75968,75971],{},[15,75969,75970],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,75973,75974],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[55,75976,75978],{"className":57,"code":75977,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,75979,75980,76028,76032,76051,76070],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,75981,75982,75984,75986,75988,75990,75992,75994,75996,75998,76000,76002,76004,76006,76008,76010,76012,76014,76016,76018,76020,76022,76024,76026],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,75983,35720],{"class":70},[64,75985,75],{"class":74},[64,75987,79],{"class":78},[64,75989,2686],{"class":320},[64,75991,285],{"class":329},[64,75993,2686],{"class":320},[64,75995,86],{"class":78},[64,75997,3184],{"class":320},[64,75999,1269],{"class":329},[64,76001,2686],{"class":320},[64,76003,86],{"class":78},[64,76005,3184],{"class":320},[64,76007,9346],{"class":329},[64,76009,2686],{"class":320},[64,76011,86],{"class":78},[64,76013,3184],{"class":320},[64,76015,18387],{"class":329},[64,76017,2686],{"class":320},[64,76019,86],{"class":78},[64,76021,3184],{"class":320},[64,76023,60088],{"class":329},[64,76025,2686],{"class":320},[64,76027,97],{"class":78},[64,76029,76030],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,76031,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,76033,76034,76036,76038,76040,76042,76044,76046,76048],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,76035,125],{"class":108},[64,76037,112],{"class":78},[64,76039,35773],{"class":115},[64,76041,394],{"class":78},[64,76043,1852],{"class":74},[64,76045,83],{"class":82},[64,76047,20066],{"class":78},[64,76049,76050],{"class":136},"    # last item\n",[64,76052,76053,76055,76057,76059,76061,76063,76065,76067],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,76054,125],{"class":108},[64,76056,112],{"class":78},[64,76058,35773],{"class":115},[64,76060,394],{"class":78},[64,76062,1852],{"class":74},[64,76064,1892],{"class":82},[64,76066,75555],{"class":78},[64,76068,76069],{"class":136},"   # last 3 items\n",[64,76071,76072,76074,76076,76078,76080,76082,76084,76086],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,76073,125],{"class":108},[64,76075,112],{"class":78},[64,76077,35773],{"class":115},[64,76079,75177],{"class":78},[64,76081,1852],{"class":74},[64,76083,83],{"class":82},[64,76085,20066],{"class":78},[64,76087,76088],{"class":136},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76090,384],{},[55,76092,76094],{"className":57,"code":76093,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76095,76096,76101,76129],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,76097,76098],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,76099,76100],{"class":70},"e\n",[64,76102,76103,76105,76107,76109,76111,76113,76115,76117,76119,76121,76123,76125,76127],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,76104,394],{"class":78},[64,76106,333],{"class":320},[64,76108,9346],{"class":329},[64,76110,333],{"class":320},[64,76112,86],{"class":78},[64,76114,326],{"class":320},[64,76116,18387],{"class":329},[64,76118,333],{"class":320},[64,76120,86],{"class":78},[64,76122,326],{"class":320},[64,76124,60088],{"class":329},[64,76126,333],{"class":320},[64,76128,97],{"class":78},[64,76130,76131,76133,76135,76137,76139,76141,76143,76145,76147,76149,76151,76153,76155,76157,76159,76161,76163],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,76132,394],{"class":78},[64,76134,333],{"class":320},[64,76136,285],{"class":329},[64,76138,333],{"class":320},[64,76140,86],{"class":78},[64,76142,326],{"class":320},[64,76144,1269],{"class":329},[64,76146,333],{"class":320},[64,76148,86],{"class":78},[64,76150,326],{"class":320},[64,76152,9346],{"class":329},[64,76154,333],{"class":320},[64,76156,86],{"class":78},[64,76158,326],{"class":320},[64,76160,18387],{"class":329},[64,76162,333],{"class":320},[64,76164,97],{"class":78},[20,76166,12666],{},[30,76168,76169,76172,76176,76182,76188],{},[33,76170,76171],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[33,76173,76174,75965],{},[15,76175,75964],{},[33,76177,76178,76181],{},[15,76179,76180],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[33,76183,76184,76187],{},[15,76185,76186],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[33,76189,76190,76191,896,76193],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76192,35702],{},[15,76194,75068],{},[50,76196,76198],{"id":76197},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76200,1808,76201,76203],{},[15,76202,75071],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[30,76205,76206,76209,76212,76217,76227],{},[33,76207,76208],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[33,76210,76211],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[33,76213,76214,76216],{},[15,76215,75703],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[33,76218,8480,76219,76221,76222,76224,76225],{},[15,76220,75071],{}," is negative, ",[15,76223,35702],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76226,75068],{},[33,76228,76229,76231,76232],{},[15,76230,75071],{}," cannot be ",[15,76233,243],{},[20,76235,76236],{},"Example with different step values:",[55,76238,76240],{"className":57,"code":76239,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76241,76242,76274,76278,76295,76317,76336],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,76243,76244,76246,76248,76250,76252,76254,76256,76258,76260,76262,76264,76266,76268,76270,76272],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,76245,71],{"class":70},[64,76247,75],{"class":74},[64,76249,79],{"class":78},[64,76251,2160],{"class":82},[64,76253,86],{"class":78},[64,76255,7390],{"class":82},[64,76257,86],{"class":78},[64,76259,7395],{"class":82},[64,76261,86],{"class":78},[64,76263,50481],{"class":82},[64,76265,86],{"class":78},[64,76267,1591],{"class":82},[64,76269,86],{"class":78},[64,76271,75742],{"class":82},[64,76273,97],{"class":78},[64,76275,76276],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,76277,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,76279,76280,76282,76284,76286,76288,76290,76292],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,76281,125],{"class":108},[64,76283,112],{"class":78},[64,76285,116],{"class":115},[64,76287,73764],{"class":78},[64,76289,815],{"class":82},[64,76291,20066],{"class":78},[64,76293,76294],{"class":136},"     # every second item\n",[64,76296,76297,76299,76301,76303,76305,76307,76310,76312,76314],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,76298,125],{"class":108},[64,76300,112],{"class":78},[64,76302,116],{"class":115},[64,76304,394],{"class":78},[64,76306,83],{"class":82},[64,76308,76309],{"class":78},"::",[64,76311,815],{"class":82},[64,76313,20066],{"class":78},[64,76315,76316],{"class":136},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[64,76318,76319,76321,76323,76325,76327,76329,76331,76333],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,76320,125],{"class":108},[64,76322,112],{"class":78},[64,76324,116],{"class":115},[64,76326,73764],{"class":78},[64,76328,1852],{"class":74},[64,76330,83],{"class":82},[64,76332,20066],{"class":78},[64,76334,76335],{"class":136},"    # reverse the list\n",[64,76337,76338,76340,76342,76344,76346,76348,76350,76352,76354,76356,76358,76360],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,76339,125],{"class":108},[64,76341,112],{"class":78},[64,76343,116],{"class":115},[64,76345,394],{"class":78},[64,76347,2334],{"class":82},[64,76349,160],{"class":78},[64,76351,83],{"class":82},[64,76353,160],{"class":78},[64,76355,1852],{"class":74},[64,76357,83],{"class":82},[64,76359,20066],{"class":78},[64,76361,76362],{"class":136},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76364,384],{},[55,76366,76368],{"className":57,"code":76367,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76369,76370,76386,76402,76430],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,76371,76372,76374,76376,76378,76380,76382,76384],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,76373,394],{"class":78},[64,76375,2160],{"class":82},[64,76377,86],{"class":78},[64,76379,7395],{"class":82},[64,76381,86],{"class":78},[64,76383,1591],{"class":82},[64,76385,97],{"class":78},[64,76387,76388,76390,76392,76394,76396,76398,76400],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,76389,394],{"class":78},[64,76391,15371],{"class":82},[64,76393,86],{"class":78},[64,76395,50481],{"class":82},[64,76397,86],{"class":78},[64,76399,75742],{"class":82},[64,76401,97],{"class":78},[64,76403,76404,76406,76408,76410,76412,76414,76416,76418,76420,76422,76424,76426,76428],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,76405,394],{"class":78},[64,76407,75921],{"class":82},[64,76409,86],{"class":78},[64,76411,1591],{"class":82},[64,76413,86],{"class":78},[64,76415,50481],{"class":82},[64,76417,86],{"class":78},[64,76419,7395],{"class":82},[64,76421,86],{"class":78},[64,76423,7390],{"class":82},[64,76425,86],{"class":78},[64,76427,5599],{"class":82},[64,76429,97],{"class":78},[64,76431,76432,76434,76437,76439,76441,76443,76445],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,76433,394],{"class":78},[64,76435,76436],{"class":82},"50",[64,76438,86],{"class":78},[64,76440,50481],{"class":82},[64,76442,86],{"class":78},[64,76444,7395],{"class":82},[64,76446,97],{"class":78},[20,76448,76449,76450,148],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[285,76451,76452],{"href":74448},"how to reverse a list in Python",[428,76454,76456],{"id":76455},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76458,2668],{},[55,76460,76462],{"className":57,"code":76461,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76463,76464,76484],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,76465,76466,76468,76470,76472,76474,76476,76478,76480,76482],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,76467,71],{"class":70},[64,76469,75],{"class":74},[64,76471,79],{"class":78},[64,76473,83],{"class":82},[64,76475,86],{"class":78},[64,76477,89],{"class":82},[64,76479,86],{"class":78},[64,76481,94],{"class":82},[64,76483,97],{"class":78},[64,76485,76486,76488,76490,76492,76494,76496],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,76487,125],{"class":108},[64,76489,112],{"class":78},[64,76491,116],{"class":115},[64,76493,73764],{"class":78},[64,76495,243],{"class":82},[64,76497,381],{"class":78},[20,76499,76500,76501,76503,76504,76506],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76502,40337],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76505,243],{}," does not make sense.",[50,76508,76510],{"id":76509},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76512,76513],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[428,76515,76517],{"id":76516},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[55,76519,76521],{"className":57,"code":76520,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76522,76523,76547,76551],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,76524,76525,76527,76529,76531,76533,76535,76537,76539,76541,76543,76545],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,76526,71],{"class":70},[64,76528,75],{"class":74},[64,76530,79],{"class":78},[64,76532,2160],{"class":82},[64,76534,86],{"class":78},[64,76536,7390],{"class":82},[64,76538,86],{"class":78},[64,76540,7395],{"class":82},[64,76542,86],{"class":78},[64,76544,50481],{"class":82},[64,76546,97],{"class":78},[64,76548,76549],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,76550,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,76552,76553,76555,76557,76559,76561,76563],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,76554,125],{"class":108},[64,76556,112],{"class":78},[64,76558,116],{"class":115},[64,76560,394],{"class":78},[64,76562,815],{"class":82},[64,76564,381],{"class":78},[20,76566,384],{},[55,76568,76569],{"className":57,"code":69482,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,76570,76571],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,76572,76573],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,76574,69482],{"class":82},[428,76576,76578],{"id":76577},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[55,76580,76582],{"className":57,"code":76581,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76583,76584,76608,76612],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,76585,76586,76588,76590,76592,76594,76596,76598,76600,76602,76604,76606],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,76587,71],{"class":70},[64,76589,75],{"class":74},[64,76591,79],{"class":78},[64,76593,2160],{"class":82},[64,76595,86],{"class":78},[64,76597,7390],{"class":82},[64,76599,86],{"class":78},[64,76601,7395],{"class":82},[64,76603,86],{"class":78},[64,76605,50481],{"class":82},[64,76607,97],{"class":78},[64,76609,76610],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,76611,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,76613,76614,76616,76618,76620,76622,76624,76626,76628],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,76615,125],{"class":108},[64,76617,112],{"class":78},[64,76619,116],{"class":115},[64,76621,394],{"class":78},[64,76623,815],{"class":82},[64,76625,160],{"class":78},[64,76627,1892],{"class":82},[64,76629,381],{"class":78},[20,76631,384],{},[55,76633,76635],{"className":57,"code":76634,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[30]\n",[15,76636,76637],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,76638,76639,76641,76643],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,76640,394],{"class":78},[64,76642,36472],{"class":82},[64,76644,97],{"class":78},[20,76646,13378],{},[30,76648,76649,76655],{},[33,76650,76651,76654],{},[15,76652,76653],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[33,76656,76657,76660],{},[15,76658,76659],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76662,76663],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[30,76665,76666,76669],{},[33,76667,76668],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[33,76670,76671],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76673,916],{},[55,76675,76677],{"className":57,"code":76676,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76678,76679,76699,76703],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,76680,76681,76683,76685,76687,76689,76691,76693,76695,76697],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,76682,71],{"class":70},[64,76684,75],{"class":74},[64,76686,79],{"class":78},[64,76688,2160],{"class":82},[64,76690,86],{"class":78},[64,76692,7390],{"class":82},[64,76694,86],{"class":78},[64,76696,7395],{"class":82},[64,76698,97],{"class":78},[64,76700,76701],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,76702,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,76704,76705,76707,76709,76711,76713,76715,76717,76719],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,76706,125],{"class":108},[64,76708,112],{"class":78},[64,76710,116],{"class":115},[64,76712,394],{"class":78},[64,76714,1107],{"class":82},[64,76716,160],{"class":78},[64,76718,2160],{"class":82},[64,76720,381],{"class":78},[20,76722,384],{},[55,76724,76725],{"className":57,"code":37929,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,76726,76727],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,76728,76729],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,76730,37929],{"class":78},[20,76732,76733],{},"But this would raise an error:",[55,76735,76737],{"className":57,"code":76736,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76738,76739,76759,76763],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,76740,76741,76743,76745,76747,76749,76751,76753,76755,76757],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,76742,71],{"class":70},[64,76744,75],{"class":74},[64,76746,79],{"class":78},[64,76748,2160],{"class":82},[64,76750,86],{"class":78},[64,76752,7390],{"class":82},[64,76754,86],{"class":78},[64,76756,7395],{"class":82},[64,76758,97],{"class":78},[64,76760,76761],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,76762,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,76764,76765,76767,76769,76771,76773,76775],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,76766,125],{"class":108},[64,76768,112],{"class":78},[64,76770,116],{"class":115},[64,76772,394],{"class":78},[64,76774,1107],{"class":82},[64,76776,381],{"class":78},[20,76778,76779,76780,148],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[285,76781,68901],{"href":68900},[50,76783,14793],{"id":76784},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,76786,76787],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[30,76789,76790,76794,76796,76799,76805],{},[33,76791,1212,76792,75383],{},[15,76793,75068],{},[33,76795,60333],{},[33,76797,76798],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[33,76800,36835,76801,8309,76803],{},[15,76802,75703],{},[15,76804,73168],{},[33,76806,76807,76808,76810],{},"Using step ",[15,76809,243],{},", which causes an error",[428,76812,76814],{"id":76813},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[55,76816,76818],{"className":57,"code":76817,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,76819,76820,76848],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,76821,76822,76824,76826,76828,76830,76832,76834,76836,76838,76840,76842,76844,76846],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,76823,71],{"class":70},[64,76825,75],{"class":74},[64,76827,79],{"class":78},[64,76829,2160],{"class":82},[64,76831,86],{"class":78},[64,76833,7390],{"class":82},[64,76835,86],{"class":78},[64,76837,7395],{"class":82},[64,76839,86],{"class":78},[64,76841,50481],{"class":82},[64,76843,86],{"class":78},[64,76845,1591],{"class":82},[64,76847,97],{"class":78},[64,76849,76850,76852,76854,76856,76858,76860,76862,76864],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,76851,125],{"class":108},[64,76853,112],{"class":78},[64,76855,116],{"class":115},[64,76857,394],{"class":78},[64,76859,83],{"class":82},[64,76861,160],{"class":78},[64,76863,2334],{"class":82},[64,76865,381],{"class":78},[20,76867,76868],{},"This returns:",[55,76870,76872],{"className":57,"code":76871,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76873,76874],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,76875,76876,76878,76880,76882,76884,76886,76888],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,76877,394],{"class":78},[64,76879,15371],{"class":82},[64,76881,86],{"class":78},[64,76883,7395],{"class":82},[64,76885,86],{"class":78},[64,76887,50481],{"class":82},[64,76889,97],{"class":78},[20,76891,40539,76892,76894,76895,76897,76898,148],{},[221,76893,1138],{}," include ",[15,76896,76436],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,76899,2334],{},[428,76901,76903],{"id":76902},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,76905,16261],{},[55,76907,76909],{"className":57,"code":76908,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,76910,76911,76931],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,76912,76913,76915,76917,76919,76921,76923,76925,76927,76929],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,76914,71],{"class":70},[64,76916,75],{"class":74},[64,76918,79],{"class":78},[64,76920,2160],{"class":82},[64,76922,86],{"class":78},[64,76924,7390],{"class":82},[64,76926,86],{"class":78},[64,76928,7395],{"class":82},[64,76930,97],{"class":78},[64,76932,76933],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,76934,76935],{"class":136},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,76937,76938],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[55,76940,76942],{"className":57,"code":76941,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,76943,76944],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,76945,76946,76948,76950,76952,76954,76956,76958,76960],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,76947,125],{"class":108},[64,76949,112],{"class":78},[64,76951,116],{"class":115},[64,76953,394],{"class":78},[64,76955,83],{"class":82},[64,76957,160],{"class":78},[64,76959,1892],{"class":82},[64,76961,381],{"class":78},[428,76963,76965],{"id":76964},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,76967,76968],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[55,76970,76972],{"className":57,"code":76971,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,76973,76974,76998,77012,77016,77026],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,76975,76976,76978,76980,76982,76984,76986,76988,76990,76992,76994,76996],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,76977,71],{"class":70},[64,76979,75],{"class":74},[64,76981,79],{"class":78},[64,76983,2160],{"class":82},[64,76985,86],{"class":78},[64,76987,7390],{"class":82},[64,76989,86],{"class":78},[64,76991,7395],{"class":82},[64,76993,86],{"class":78},[64,76995,50481],{"class":82},[64,76997,97],{"class":78},[64,76999,77000,77002,77004,77006,77008,77010],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,77001,75301],{"class":70},[64,77003,75],{"class":74},[64,77005,762],{"class":70},[64,77007,75177],{"class":78},[64,77009,815],{"class":82},[64,77011,97],{"class":78},[64,77013,77014],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,77015,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,77017,77018,77020,77022,77024],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,77019,125],{"class":108},[64,77021,112],{"class":78},[64,77023,75324],{"class":115},[64,77025,119],{"class":78},[64,77027,77028,77030,77032,77034],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,77029,125],{"class":108},[64,77031,112],{"class":78},[64,77033,116],{"class":115},[64,77035,119],{"class":78},[20,77037,384],{},[55,77039,77041],{"className":57,"code":77040,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77042,77043,77055],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,77044,77045,77047,77049,77051,77053],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77046,394],{"class":78},[64,77048,2160],{"class":82},[64,77050,86],{"class":78},[64,77052,7390],{"class":82},[64,77054,97],{"class":78},[64,77056,77057,77059,77061,77063,77065,77067,77069,77071,77073],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,77058,394],{"class":78},[64,77060,2160],{"class":82},[64,77062,86],{"class":78},[64,77064,7390],{"class":82},[64,77066,86],{"class":78},[64,77068,7395],{"class":82},[64,77070,86],{"class":78},[64,77072,50481],{"class":82},[64,77074,97],{"class":78},[20,77076,77077],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[428,77079,77081,77082,8309,77084],{"id":77080},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77083,75703],{},[15,77085,73168],{},[55,77087,77089],{"className":57,"code":77088,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77090,77091,77111,77115,77132,77143],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,77092,77093,77095,77097,77099,77101,77103,77105,77107,77109],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77094,71],{"class":70},[64,77096,75],{"class":74},[64,77098,79],{"class":78},[64,77100,2160],{"class":82},[64,77102,86],{"class":78},[64,77104,7390],{"class":82},[64,77106,86],{"class":78},[64,77108,7395],{"class":82},[64,77110,97],{"class":78},[64,77112,77113],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,77114,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,77116,77117,77120,77122,77124,77126,77128,77130],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,77118,77119],{"class":70},"reversed_copy ",[64,77121,75],{"class":74},[64,77123,762],{"class":70},[64,77125,73764],{"class":78},[64,77127,1852],{"class":74},[64,77129,83],{"class":82},[64,77131,97],{"class":78},[64,77133,77134,77136,77138,77141],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,77135,125],{"class":108},[64,77137,112],{"class":78},[64,77139,77140],{"class":115},"reversed_copy",[64,77142,119],{"class":78},[64,77144,77145,77147,77149,77151],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,77146,125],{"class":108},[64,77148,112],{"class":78},[64,77150,116],{"class":115},[64,77152,119],{"class":78},[20,77154,384],{},[55,77156,77158],{"className":57,"code":77157,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77159,77160,77176],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,77161,77162,77164,77166,77168,77170,77172,77174],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77163,394],{"class":78},[64,77165,36472],{"class":82},[64,77167,86],{"class":78},[64,77169,7390],{"class":82},[64,77171,86],{"class":78},[64,77173,5599],{"class":82},[64,77175,97],{"class":78},[64,77177,77178,77180,77182,77184,77186,77188,77190],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,77179,394],{"class":78},[64,77181,2160],{"class":82},[64,77183,86],{"class":78},[64,77185,7390],{"class":82},[64,77187,86],{"class":78},[64,77189,7395],{"class":82},[64,77191,97],{"class":78},[20,77193,77194,77197],{},[15,77195,77196],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77199,77200,77201,77204],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77202,77203],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[428,77206,77208],{"id":77207},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77210,77211],{},"This is not allowed:",[55,77213,77215],{"className":57,"code":77214,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77216,77217,77237],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,77218,77219,77221,77223,77225,77227,77229,77231,77233,77235],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77220,71],{"class":70},[64,77222,75],{"class":74},[64,77224,79],{"class":78},[64,77226,2160],{"class":82},[64,77228,86],{"class":78},[64,77230,7390],{"class":82},[64,77232,86],{"class":78},[64,77234,7395],{"class":82},[64,77236,97],{"class":78},[64,77238,77239],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,77240,77241],{"class":136},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77243,77244,77245,148],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77246,40337],{},[50,77248,77250],{"id":77249},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77252,77253],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[30,77255,77256,77263,77269,77272,77275],{},[33,77257,36835,77258,896,77260,77262],{},[15,77259,35702],{},[15,77261,75068],{}," positions",[33,77264,77265,77266,77268],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77267,75068],{}," index is included",[33,77270,77271],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[33,77273,77274],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[33,77276,77277],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77279,77280],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[55,77282,77284],{"className":57,"code":77283,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77285,77286,77296,77310,77328,77342,77359],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,77287,77288,77290,77292,77294],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77289,125],{"class":108},[64,77291,112],{"class":78},[64,77293,7941],{"class":115},[64,77295,119],{"class":78},[64,77297,77298,77300,77302,77304,77306,77308],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,77299,125],{"class":108},[64,77301,112],{"class":78},[64,77303,10771],{"class":108},[64,77305,112],{"class":78},[64,77307,7941],{"class":115},[64,77309,471],{"class":78},[64,77311,77312,77314,77316,77318,77320,77322,77324,77326],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,77313,125],{"class":108},[64,77315,112],{"class":78},[64,77317,7941],{"class":115},[64,77319,394],{"class":78},[64,77321,83],{"class":82},[64,77323,160],{"class":78},[64,77325,2334],{"class":82},[64,77327,381],{"class":78},[64,77329,77330,77332,77334,77336,77338,77340],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,77331,125],{"class":108},[64,77333,112],{"class":78},[64,77335,7941],{"class":115},[64,77337,75177],{"class":78},[64,77339,1892],{"class":82},[64,77341,381],{"class":78},[64,77343,77344,77346,77348,77350,77352,77354,77356],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,77345,125],{"class":108},[64,77347,112],{"class":78},[64,77349,7941],{"class":115},[64,77351,394],{"class":78},[64,77353,1852],{"class":74},[64,77355,1892],{"class":82},[64,77357,77358],{"class":78},":])\n",[64,77360,77361,77363,77365,77367,77369,77371,77373],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,77362,125],{"class":108},[64,77364,112],{"class":78},[64,77366,7941],{"class":115},[64,77368,73764],{"class":78},[64,77370,1852],{"class":74},[64,77372,83],{"class":82},[64,77374,381],{"class":78},[20,77376,8020,77377,77379,77380,77384],{},[15,77378,41995],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[285,77381,77383],{"href":77382},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[50,77386,1651],{"id":1650},[428,77388,77390],{"id":77389},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77392,77393],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[428,77395,77397],{"id":77396},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77399,77400],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[428,77402,1655,77404,39593],{"id":77403},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77405,75703],{},[20,77407,77408],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[428,77410,77412,77413,1677],{"id":77411},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77414,70373],{},[20,77416,77417],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[50,77419,1717],{"id":1716},[30,77421,77422,77427,77432,77436,77440,77444],{},[33,77423,77424],{},[285,77425,77426],{"href":50617},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[33,77428,77429],{},[285,77430,77431],{"href":56793},"How to create a list in Python",[33,77433,77434],{},[285,77435,14581],{"href":56859},[33,77437,77438],{},[285,77439,74449],{"href":74448},[33,77441,77442],{},[285,77443,77383],{"href":77382},[33,77445,77446],{},[285,77447,68901],{"href":68900},[20,77449,77450,77451,77453],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77452,41995],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1751,77455,77456],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":77458},[77459,77460,77461,77462,77463,77464,77467,77471,77479,77480,77488],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":75232,"depth":100,"text":75233},{"id":75395,"depth":100,"text":75396},{"id":75657,"depth":100,"text":75658},{"id":75951,"depth":100,"text":75952},{"id":76197,"depth":100,"text":76198,"children":77465},[77466],{"id":76455,"depth":122,"text":76456},{"id":76509,"depth":100,"text":76510,"children":77468},[77469,77470],{"id":76516,"depth":122,"text":76517},{"id":76577,"depth":122,"text":76578},{"id":76784,"depth":100,"text":14793,"children":77472},[77473,77474,77475,77476,77478],{"id":76813,"depth":122,"text":76814},{"id":76902,"depth":122,"text":76903},{"id":76964,"depth":122,"text":76965},{"id":77080,"depth":122,"text":77477},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77207,"depth":122,"text":77208},{"id":77249,"depth":100,"text":77250},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":77481},[77482,77483,77484,77486],{"id":77389,"depth":122,"text":77390},{"id":77396,"depth":122,"text":77397},{"id":77403,"depth":122,"text":77485},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77411,"depth":122,"text":77487},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75055,"description":77489},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77496,"title":77497,"body":77498,"description":79567,"extension":1791,"meta":79568,"navigation":346,"path":79569,"seo":79570,"stem":79571,"__hash__":79572},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77499,"toc":79533},[77500,77505,77511,77517,77519,77566,77573,77578,77582,77597,77600,77653,77655,77680,77685,77687,77719,77722,77738,77740,77801,77803,77828,77832,77837,77890,77892,77917,77922,77983,77985,78010,78013,78020,78024,78027,78088,78090,78123,78126,78187,78189,78222,78228,78301,78303,78335,78342,78347,78352,78354,78366,78369,78447,78449,78490,78493,78567,78569,78602,78607,78614,78621,78625,78634,78638,78646,78648,78715,78717,78753,78758,78769,78771,78776,78781,78783,78846,78848,78873,78880,78885,78889,78892,78932,78937,78943,78948,78950,78977,78982,78985,79032,79034,79091,79098,79103,79109,79178,79182,79185,79248,79250,79283,79288,79290,79293,79374,79376,79400,79406,79408,79413,79417,79424,79432,79436,79438,79461,79465,79467,79494,79497,79504,79507,79509,79530],[10,77501,53981,77503,10932],{"id":77502},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77504,63953],{},[20,77506,77507,77510],{},[15,77508,77509],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77512,77513,77514,77516],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77515,63953],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[50,77518,1833],{"id":1832},[55,77520,77522],{"className":57,"code":77521,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77523,77524,77544,77554],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,77525,77526,77528,77530,77532,77534,77536,77538,77540,77542],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77527,71],{"class":70},[64,77529,75],{"class":74},[64,77531,79],{"class":78},[64,77533,1892],{"class":82},[64,77535,86],{"class":78},[64,77537,5091],{"class":82},[64,77539,86],{"class":78},[64,77541,89],{"class":82},[64,77543,97],{"class":78},[64,77545,77546,77548,77550,77552],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,77547,116],{"class":70},[64,77549,148],{"class":78},[64,77551,34427],{"class":115},[64,77553,8247],{"class":78},[64,77555,77556,77558,77560,77562,77564],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,77557,125],{"class":108},[64,77559,112],{"class":78},[64,77561,116],{"class":115},[64,77563,133],{"class":78},[64,77565,54571],{"class":136},[20,77567,1923,77568,77570,77571,148],{},[15,77569,77509],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77572,258],{},[50,77574,152,77576,155],{"id":77575},"what-listsort-does",[15,77577,77509],{},[20,77579,77580,160],{},[15,77581,77509],{},[30,77583,77584,77587,77590,77594],{},[33,77585,77586],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[33,77588,77589],{},"Changes the original list",[33,77591,11034,77592],{},[15,77593,258],{},[33,77595,77596],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77598,77599],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[55,77601,77603],{"className":57,"code":77602,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77604,77605,77629,77639,77643],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,77606,77607,77609,77611,77613,77615,77617,77619,77621,77623,77625,77627],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77608,71],{"class":70},[64,77610,75],{"class":74},[64,77612,79],{"class":78},[64,77614,1107],{"class":82},[64,77616,86],{"class":78},[64,77618,89],{"class":82},[64,77620,86],{"class":78},[64,77622,53775],{"class":82},[64,77624,86],{"class":78},[64,77626,5091],{"class":82},[64,77628,97],{"class":78},[64,77630,77631,77633,77635,77637],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,77632,116],{"class":70},[64,77634,148],{"class":78},[64,77636,34427],{"class":115},[64,77638,8247],{"class":78},[64,77640,77641],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,77642,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,77644,77645,77647,77649,77651],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,77646,125],{"class":108},[64,77648,112],{"class":78},[64,77650,116],{"class":115},[64,77652,119],{"class":78},[20,77654,384],{},[55,77656,77658],{"className":57,"code":77657,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77659,77660],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,77661,77662,77664,77666,77668,77670,77672,77674,77676,77678],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77663,394],{"class":78},[64,77665,83],{"class":82},[64,77667,86],{"class":78},[64,77669,89],{"class":82},[64,77671,86],{"class":78},[64,77673,1112],{"class":82},[64,77675,86],{"class":78},[64,77677,53775],{"class":82},[64,77679,97],{"class":78},[20,77681,77682,77683,148],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[285,77684,66719],{"href":50617},[50,77686,1988],{"id":1987},[55,77688,77690],{"className":57,"code":77689,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77691,77692],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,77693,77694,77696,77698,77700,77702,77704,77706,77708,77710,77713,77715,77717],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77695,7941],{"class":70},[64,77697,148],{"class":78},[64,77699,34427],{"class":115},[64,77701,112],{"class":78},[64,77703,14457],{"class":8781},[64,77705,75],{"class":74},[64,77707,258],{"class":338},[64,77709,86],{"class":78},[64,77711,77712],{"class":8781}," reverse",[64,77714,75],{"class":74},[64,77716,147],{"class":338},[64,77718,119],{"class":78},[20,77720,77721],{},"Main arguments:",[30,77723,77724,77729,77735],{},[33,77725,77726,77728],{},[15,77727,14457],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[33,77730,77731,77734],{},[15,77732,77733],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[33,77736,77737],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77739,916],{},[55,77741,77743],{"className":57,"code":77742,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77744,77745,77769,77787,77791],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,77746,77747,77749,77751,77753,77755,77757,77759,77761,77763,77765,77767],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77748,71],{"class":70},[64,77750,75],{"class":74},[64,77752,79],{"class":78},[64,77754,2334],{"class":82},[64,77756,86],{"class":78},[64,77758,5091],{"class":82},[64,77760,86],{"class":78},[64,77762,5588],{"class":82},[64,77764,86],{"class":78},[64,77766,89],{"class":82},[64,77768,97],{"class":78},[64,77770,77771,77773,77775,77777,77779,77781,77783,77785],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,77772,116],{"class":70},[64,77774,148],{"class":78},[64,77776,34427],{"class":115},[64,77778,112],{"class":78},[64,77780,73219],{"class":8781},[64,77782,75],{"class":74},[64,77784,47],{"class":338},[64,77786,119],{"class":78},[64,77788,77789],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,77790,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,77792,77793,77795,77797,77799],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,77794,125],{"class":108},[64,77796,112],{"class":78},[64,77798,116],{"class":115},[64,77800,119],{"class":78},[20,77802,384],{},[55,77804,77806],{"className":57,"code":77805,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,77807,77808],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,77809,77810,77812,77814,77816,77818,77820,77822,77824,77826],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77811,394],{"class":78},[64,77813,1855],{"class":82},[64,77815,86],{"class":78},[64,77817,2286],{"class":82},[64,77819,86],{"class":78},[64,77821,89],{"class":82},[64,77823,86],{"class":78},[64,77825,5091],{"class":82},[64,77827,97],{"class":78},[50,77829,77831],{"id":77830},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,77833,1923,77834,77836],{},[15,77835,63953],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[55,77838,77840],{"className":57,"code":77839,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77841,77842,77866,77876,77880],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,77843,77844,77846,77848,77850,77852,77854,77856,77858,77860,77862,77864],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77845,71],{"class":70},[64,77847,75],{"class":74},[64,77849,79],{"class":78},[64,77851,2160],{"class":82},[64,77853,86],{"class":78},[64,77855,94],{"class":82},[64,77857,86],{"class":78},[64,77859,5955],{"class":82},[64,77861,86],{"class":78},[64,77863,5091],{"class":82},[64,77865,97],{"class":78},[64,77867,77868,77870,77872,77874],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,77869,116],{"class":70},[64,77871,148],{"class":78},[64,77873,34427],{"class":115},[64,77875,8247],{"class":78},[64,77877,77878],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,77879,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,77881,77882,77884,77886,77888],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,77883,125],{"class":108},[64,77885,112],{"class":78},[64,77887,116],{"class":115},[64,77889,119],{"class":78},[20,77891,384],{},[55,77893,77895],{"className":57,"code":77894,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,77896,77897],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,77898,77899,77901,77903,77905,77907,77909,77911,77913,77915],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77900,394],{"class":78},[64,77902,83],{"class":82},[64,77904,86],{"class":78},[64,77906,94],{"class":82},[64,77908,86],{"class":78},[64,77910,5955],{"class":82},[64,77912,86],{"class":78},[64,77914,5599],{"class":82},[64,77916,97],{"class":78},[20,77918,1923,77919,77921],{},[15,77920,77733],{}," for descending order:",[55,77923,77925],{"className":57,"code":77924,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77926,77927,77951,77969,77973],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,77928,77929,77931,77933,77935,77937,77939,77941,77943,77945,77947,77949],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77930,71],{"class":70},[64,77932,75],{"class":74},[64,77934,79],{"class":78},[64,77936,2160],{"class":82},[64,77938,86],{"class":78},[64,77940,94],{"class":82},[64,77942,86],{"class":78},[64,77944,5955],{"class":82},[64,77946,86],{"class":78},[64,77948,5091],{"class":82},[64,77950,97],{"class":78},[64,77952,77953,77955,77957,77959,77961,77963,77965,77967],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,77954,116],{"class":70},[64,77956,148],{"class":78},[64,77958,34427],{"class":115},[64,77960,112],{"class":78},[64,77962,73219],{"class":8781},[64,77964,75],{"class":74},[64,77966,47],{"class":338},[64,77968,119],{"class":78},[64,77970,77971],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,77972,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,77974,77975,77977,77979,77981],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,77976,125],{"class":108},[64,77978,112],{"class":78},[64,77980,116],{"class":115},[64,77982,119],{"class":78},[20,77984,384],{},[55,77986,77988],{"className":57,"code":77987,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,77989,77990],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,77991,77992,77994,77996,77998,78000,78002,78004,78006,78008],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,77993,394],{"class":78},[64,77995,2160],{"class":82},[64,77997,86],{"class":78},[64,77999,5955],{"class":82},[64,78001,86],{"class":78},[64,78003,94],{"class":82},[64,78005,86],{"class":78},[64,78007,5091],{"class":82},[64,78009,97],{"class":78},[20,78011,78012],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78014,78015,78016,148],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[285,78017,78019],{"href":78018},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[50,78021,78023],{"id":78022},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78025,78026],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[55,78028,78030],{"className":57,"code":78029,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78031,78032,78064,78074,78078],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,78033,78034,78036,78038,78040,78042,78044,78046,78048,78050,78052,78054,78056,78058,78060,78062],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78035,567],{"class":70},[64,78037,75],{"class":74},[64,78039,79],{"class":78},[64,78041,2686],{"class":320},[64,78043,585],{"class":329},[64,78045,2686],{"class":320},[64,78047,86],{"class":78},[64,78049,3184],{"class":320},[64,78051,576],{"class":329},[64,78053,2686],{"class":320},[64,78055,86],{"class":78},[64,78057,3184],{"class":320},[64,78059,594],{"class":329},[64,78061,2686],{"class":320},[64,78063,97],{"class":78},[64,78065,78066,78068,78070,78072],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,78067,611],{"class":70},[64,78069,148],{"class":78},[64,78071,34427],{"class":115},[64,78073,8247],{"class":78},[64,78075,78076],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,78077,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,78079,78080,78082,78084,78086],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,78081,125],{"class":108},[64,78083,112],{"class":78},[64,78085,611],{"class":115},[64,78087,119],{"class":78},[20,78089,384],{},[55,78091,78093],{"className":57,"code":78092,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78094,78095],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,78096,78097,78099,78101,78103,78105,78107,78109,78111,78113,78115,78117,78119,78121],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78098,394],{"class":78},[64,78100,333],{"class":320},[64,78102,576],{"class":329},[64,78104,333],{"class":320},[64,78106,86],{"class":78},[64,78108,326],{"class":320},[64,78110,585],{"class":329},[64,78112,333],{"class":320},[64,78114,86],{"class":78},[64,78116,326],{"class":320},[64,78118,594],{"class":329},[64,78120,333],{"class":320},[64,78122,97],{"class":78},[20,78124,78125],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[55,78127,78129],{"className":57,"code":78128,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78130,78131,78163,78173,78177],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,78132,78133,78135,78137,78139,78141,78143,78145,78147,78149,78151,78153,78155,78157,78159,78161],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78134,567],{"class":70},[64,78136,75],{"class":74},[64,78138,79],{"class":78},[64,78140,2686],{"class":320},[64,78142,585],{"class":329},[64,78144,2686],{"class":320},[64,78146,86],{"class":78},[64,78148,3184],{"class":320},[64,78150,57408],{"class":329},[64,78152,2686],{"class":320},[64,78154,86],{"class":78},[64,78156,3184],{"class":320},[64,78158,594],{"class":329},[64,78160,2686],{"class":320},[64,78162,97],{"class":78},[64,78164,78165,78167,78169,78171],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,78166,611],{"class":70},[64,78168,148],{"class":78},[64,78170,34427],{"class":115},[64,78172,8247],{"class":78},[64,78174,78175],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,78176,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,78178,78179,78181,78183,78185],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,78180,125],{"class":108},[64,78182,112],{"class":78},[64,78184,611],{"class":115},[64,78186,119],{"class":78},[20,78188,384],{},[55,78190,78192],{"className":57,"code":78191,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78193,78194],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,78195,78196,78198,78200,78202,78204,78206,78208,78210,78212,78214,78216,78218,78220],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78197,394],{"class":78},[64,78199,333],{"class":320},[64,78201,57408],{"class":329},[64,78203,333],{"class":320},[64,78205,86],{"class":78},[64,78207,326],{"class":320},[64,78209,585],{"class":329},[64,78211,333],{"class":320},[64,78213,86],{"class":78},[64,78215,326],{"class":320},[64,78217,594],{"class":329},[64,78219,333],{"class":320},[64,78221,97],{"class":78},[20,78223,78224,78225,160],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78226,78227],{},"key=str.lower",[55,78229,78231],{"className":57,"code":78230,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78232,78233,78265,78287,78291],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,78234,78235,78237,78239,78241,78243,78245,78247,78249,78251,78253,78255,78257,78259,78261,78263],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78236,567],{"class":70},[64,78238,75],{"class":74},[64,78240,79],{"class":78},[64,78242,2686],{"class":320},[64,78244,585],{"class":329},[64,78246,2686],{"class":320},[64,78248,86],{"class":78},[64,78250,3184],{"class":320},[64,78252,57408],{"class":329},[64,78254,2686],{"class":320},[64,78256,86],{"class":78},[64,78258,3184],{"class":320},[64,78260,594],{"class":329},[64,78262,2686],{"class":320},[64,78264,97],{"class":78},[64,78266,78267,78269,78271,78273,78275,78277,78279,78281,78283,78285],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,78268,611],{"class":70},[64,78270,148],{"class":78},[64,78272,34427],{"class":115},[64,78274,112],{"class":78},[64,78276,14457],{"class":8781},[64,78278,75],{"class":74},[64,78280,3276],{"class":357},[64,78282,148],{"class":78},[64,78284,8244],{"class":24372},[64,78286,119],{"class":78},[64,78288,78289],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,78290,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,78292,78293,78295,78297,78299],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,78294,125],{"class":108},[64,78296,112],{"class":78},[64,78298,611],{"class":115},[64,78300,119],{"class":78},[20,78302,384],{},[55,78304,78305],{"className":57,"code":78191,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,78306,78307],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,78308,78309,78311,78313,78315,78317,78319,78321,78323,78325,78327,78329,78331,78333],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78310,394],{"class":78},[64,78312,333],{"class":320},[64,78314,57408],{"class":329},[64,78316,333],{"class":320},[64,78318,86],{"class":78},[64,78320,326],{"class":320},[64,78322,585],{"class":329},[64,78324,333],{"class":320},[64,78326,86],{"class":78},[64,78328,326],{"class":320},[64,78330,594],{"class":329},[64,78332,333],{"class":320},[64,78334,97],{"class":78},[20,78336,78337,78338,78341],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78339,78340],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[50,78343,36243,78345,36246],{"id":78344},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78346,14457],{},[20,78348,1808,78349,78351],{},[15,78350,14457],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78353,6941],{},[30,78355,78356,78361],{},[33,78357,78358,78360],{},[15,78359,10771],{}," to sort by length",[33,78362,78363,78365],{},[15,78364,78340],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78367,78368],{},"Sort words by length:",[55,78370,78372],{"className":57,"code":78371,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78373,78374,78415,78433,78437],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,78375,78376,78378,78380,78382,78384,78387,78389,78391,78393,78395,78397,78399,78401,78403,78405,78407,78409,78411,78413],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78377,567],{"class":70},[64,78379,75],{"class":74},[64,78381,79],{"class":78},[64,78383,2686],{"class":320},[64,78385,78386],{"class":329},"pear",[64,78388,2686],{"class":320},[64,78390,86],{"class":78},[64,78392,3184],{"class":320},[64,78394,585],{"class":329},[64,78396,2686],{"class":320},[64,78398,86],{"class":78},[64,78400,3184],{"class":320},[64,78402,37990],{"class":329},[64,78404,2686],{"class":320},[64,78406,86],{"class":78},[64,78408,3184],{"class":320},[64,78410,576],{"class":329},[64,78412,2686],{"class":320},[64,78414,97],{"class":78},[64,78416,78417,78419,78421,78423,78425,78427,78429,78431],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,78418,611],{"class":70},[64,78420,148],{"class":78},[64,78422,34427],{"class":115},[64,78424,112],{"class":78},[64,78426,14457],{"class":8781},[64,78428,75],{"class":74},[64,78430,10771],{"class":108},[64,78432,119],{"class":78},[64,78434,78435],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,78436,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,78438,78439,78441,78443,78445],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,78440,125],{"class":108},[64,78442,112],{"class":78},[64,78444,611],{"class":115},[64,78446,119],{"class":78},[20,78448,384],{},[55,78450,78452],{"className":57,"code":78451,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78453,78454],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,78455,78456,78458,78460,78462,78464,78466,78468,78470,78472,78474,78476,78478,78480,78482,78484,78486,78488],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78457,394],{"class":78},[64,78459,333],{"class":320},[64,78461,37990],{"class":329},[64,78463,333],{"class":320},[64,78465,86],{"class":78},[64,78467,326],{"class":320},[64,78469,78386],{"class":329},[64,78471,333],{"class":320},[64,78473,86],{"class":78},[64,78475,326],{"class":320},[64,78477,576],{"class":329},[64,78479,333],{"class":320},[64,78481,86],{"class":78},[64,78483,326],{"class":320},[64,78485,585],{"class":329},[64,78487,333],{"class":320},[64,78489,97],{"class":78},[20,78491,78492],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[55,78494,78496],{"className":57,"code":78495,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78497,78498,78531,78553,78557],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,78499,78500,78502,78504,78506,78508,78510,78512,78514,78516,78518,78520,78522,78524,78527,78529],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78501,567],{"class":70},[64,78503,75],{"class":74},[64,78505,79],{"class":78},[64,78507,2686],{"class":320},[64,78509,1523],{"class":329},[64,78511,2686],{"class":320},[64,78513,86],{"class":78},[64,78515,3184],{"class":320},[64,78517,17422],{"class":329},[64,78519,2686],{"class":320},[64,78521,86],{"class":78},[64,78523,3184],{"class":320},[64,78525,78526],{"class":329},"Carol",[64,78528,2686],{"class":320},[64,78530,97],{"class":78},[64,78532,78533,78535,78537,78539,78541,78543,78545,78547,78549,78551],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,78534,611],{"class":70},[64,78536,148],{"class":78},[64,78538,34427],{"class":115},[64,78540,112],{"class":78},[64,78542,14457],{"class":8781},[64,78544,75],{"class":74},[64,78546,3276],{"class":357},[64,78548,148],{"class":78},[64,78550,8244],{"class":24372},[64,78552,119],{"class":78},[64,78554,78555],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,78556,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,78558,78559,78561,78563,78565],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,78560,125],{"class":108},[64,78562,112],{"class":78},[64,78564,611],{"class":115},[64,78566,119],{"class":78},[20,78568,384],{},[55,78570,78572],{"className":57,"code":78571,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78573,78574],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,78575,78576,78578,78580,78582,78584,78586,78588,78590,78592,78594,78596,78598,78600],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78577,394],{"class":78},[64,78579,333],{"class":320},[64,78581,17422],{"class":329},[64,78583,333],{"class":320},[64,78585,86],{"class":78},[64,78587,326],{"class":320},[64,78589,1523],{"class":329},[64,78591,333],{"class":320},[64,78593,86],{"class":78},[64,78595,326],{"class":320},[64,78597,78526],{"class":329},[64,78599,333],{"class":320},[64,78601,97],{"class":78},[20,78603,1808,78604,78606],{},[15,78605,14457],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[50,78608,78610,10193,78612],{"id":78609},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78611,77509],{},[15,78613,74066],{},[20,78615,78616,896,78618,78620],{},[15,78617,77509],{},[15,78619,74066],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78622,78623,160],{},[15,78624,77509],{},[30,78626,78627,78630],{},[33,78628,78629],{},"Changes the existing list",[33,78631,11034,78632],{},[15,78633,258],{},[20,78635,78636,160],{},[15,78637,74066],{},[30,78639,78640,78643],{},[33,78641,78642],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[33,78644,78645],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78647,916],{},[55,78649,78651],{"className":57,"code":78650,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78652,78653,78673,78677,78691,78695,78705],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,78654,78655,78657,78659,78661,78663,78665,78667,78669,78671],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78656,71],{"class":70},[64,78658,75],{"class":74},[64,78660,79],{"class":78},[64,78662,1892],{"class":82},[64,78664,86],{"class":78},[64,78666,5091],{"class":82},[64,78668,86],{"class":78},[64,78670,89],{"class":82},[64,78672,97],{"class":78},[64,78674,78675],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,78676,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,78678,78679,78681,78683,78685,78687,78689],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,78680,55529],{"class":70},[64,78682,75],{"class":74},[64,78684,74200],{"class":108},[64,78686,112],{"class":78},[64,78688,116],{"class":115},[64,78690,119],{"class":78},[64,78692,78693],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,78694,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,78696,78697,78699,78701,78703],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,78698,125],{"class":108},[64,78700,112],{"class":78},[64,78702,116],{"class":115},[64,78704,119],{"class":78},[64,78706,78707,78709,78711,78713],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,78708,125],{"class":108},[64,78710,112],{"class":78},[64,78712,73923],{"class":115},[64,78714,119],{"class":78},[20,78716,384],{},[55,78718,78719],{"className":57,"code":74235,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,78720,78721,78737],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,78722,78723,78725,78727,78729,78731,78733,78735],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78724,394],{"class":78},[64,78726,1892],{"class":82},[64,78728,86],{"class":78},[64,78730,5091],{"class":82},[64,78732,86],{"class":78},[64,78734,89],{"class":82},[64,78736,97],{"class":78},[64,78738,78739,78741,78743,78745,78747,78749,78751],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,78740,394],{"class":78},[64,78742,83],{"class":82},[64,78744,86],{"class":78},[64,78746,89],{"class":82},[64,78748,86],{"class":78},[64,78750,94],{"class":82},[64,78752,97],{"class":78},[20,78754,1923,78755,78757],{},[15,78756,74066],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78759,78760,78761,896,78765,148],{},"You can learn more in ",[285,78762,13,78763,5377],{"href":74163},[15,78764,74066],{},[285,78766,78768],{"href":78767},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[50,78770,2661],{"id":2660},[20,78772,78773,78774,148],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78775,77509],{},[428,78777,12207,78779],{"id":78778},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,78780,63953],{},[20,78782,25313],{},[55,78784,78786],{"className":57,"code":78785,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78787,78788,78808,78822,78826,78836],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,78789,78790,78792,78794,78796,78798,78800,78802,78804,78806],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78791,71],{"class":70},[64,78793,75],{"class":74},[64,78795,79],{"class":78},[64,78797,1892],{"class":82},[64,78799,86],{"class":78},[64,78801,5091],{"class":82},[64,78803,86],{"class":78},[64,78805,89],{"class":82},[64,78807,97],{"class":78},[64,78809,78810,78812,78814,78816,78818,78820],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,78811,103],{"class":70},[64,78813,75],{"class":74},[64,78815,762],{"class":70},[64,78817,148],{"class":78},[64,78819,34427],{"class":115},[64,78821,8247],{"class":78},[64,78823,78824],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,78825,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,78827,78828,78830,78832,78834],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,78829,125],{"class":108},[64,78831,112],{"class":78},[64,78833,130],{"class":115},[64,78835,119],{"class":78},[64,78837,78838,78840,78842,78844],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,78839,125],{"class":108},[64,78841,112],{"class":78},[64,78843,116],{"class":115},[64,78845,119],{"class":78},[20,78847,384],{},[55,78849,78851],{"className":57,"code":78850,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78852,78853,78857],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,78854,78855],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78856,11420],{"class":338},[64,78858,78859,78861,78863,78865,78867,78869,78871],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,78860,394],{"class":78},[64,78862,83],{"class":82},[64,78864,86],{"class":78},[64,78866,89],{"class":82},[64,78868,86],{"class":78},[64,78870,94],{"class":82},[64,78872,97],{"class":78},[20,78874,78875,78877,78878,148],{},[15,78876,63953],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,78879,258],{},[20,78881,78882,78883,6228],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,78884,74066],{},[428,78886,78888],{"id":78887},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,78890,78891],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[55,78893,78895],{"className":57,"code":78894,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,78896,78897,78922],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,78898,78899,78901,78903,78905,78907,78909,78911,78914,78916,78918,78920],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78900,7379],{"class":70},[64,78902,75],{"class":74},[64,78904,79],{"class":78},[64,78906,83],{"class":82},[64,78908,86],{"class":78},[64,78910,3184],{"class":320},[64,78912,78913],{"class":329},"two",[64,78915,2686],{"class":320},[64,78917,86],{"class":78},[64,78919,94],{"class":82},[64,78921,97],{"class":78},[64,78923,78924,78926,78928,78930],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,78925,7410],{"class":70},[64,78927,148],{"class":78},[64,78929,34427],{"class":115},[64,78931,8247],{"class":78},[20,78933,2832,78934,78936],{},[15,78935,2835],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[428,78938,1212,78940,78942],{"id":78939},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,78941,63953],{}," only works on lists",[20,78944,78945,78947],{},[15,78946,63953],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,78949,16261],{},[55,78951,78953],{"className":57,"code":78952,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,78954,78955,78967],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,78956,78957,78959,78961,78963,78965],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78958,34315],{"class":70},[64,78960,75],{"class":74},[64,78962,3184],{"class":320},[64,78964,59],{"class":329},[64,78966,3190],{"class":320},[64,78968,78969,78971,78973,78975],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,78970,34336],{"class":70},[64,78972,148],{"class":78},[64,78974,34427],{"class":115},[64,78976,8247],{"class":78},[20,78978,78979,78980,33227],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,78981,63953],{},[20,78983,78984],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[55,78986,78988],{"className":57,"code":78987,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,78989,78990,79008,79018,79022],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,78991,78992,78994,78996,78998,79000,79002,79004,79006],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,78993,35720],{"class":70},[64,78995,75],{"class":74},[64,78997,22181],{"class":357},[64,78999,112],{"class":78},[64,79001,2686],{"class":320},[64,79003,59],{"class":329},[64,79005,2686],{"class":320},[64,79007,119],{"class":78},[64,79009,79010,79012,79014,79016],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,79011,35773],{"class":70},[64,79013,148],{"class":78},[64,79015,34427],{"class":115},[64,79017,8247],{"class":78},[64,79019,79020],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,79021,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,79023,79024,79026,79028,79030],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,79025,125],{"class":108},[64,79027,112],{"class":78},[64,79029,35773],{"class":115},[64,79031,119],{"class":78},[20,79033,384],{},[55,79035,79037],{"className":57,"code":79036,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79038,79039],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,79040,79041,79043,79045,79047,79049,79051,79053,79055,79057,79059,79061,79063,79065,79067,79069,79071,79073,79075,79077,79079,79081,79083,79085,79087,79089],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,79042,394],{"class":78},[64,79044,333],{"class":320},[64,79046,60079],{"class":329},[64,79048,333],{"class":320},[64,79050,86],{"class":78},[64,79052,326],{"class":320},[64,79054,75672],{"class":329},[64,79056,333],{"class":320},[64,79058,86],{"class":78},[64,79060,326],{"class":320},[64,79062,60114],{"class":329},[64,79064,333],{"class":320},[64,79066,86],{"class":78},[64,79068,326],{"class":320},[64,79070,20],{"class":329},[64,79072,333],{"class":320},[64,79074,86],{"class":78},[64,79076,326],{"class":320},[64,79078,62928],{"class":329},[64,79080,333],{"class":320},[64,79082,86],{"class":78},[64,79084,326],{"class":320},[64,79086,11357],{"class":329},[64,79088,333],{"class":320},[64,79090,97],{"class":78},[428,79092,79094,79095,79097],{"id":79093},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79096,14457],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79099,79100,79101,148],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79102,14457],{},[20,79104,79105,79106,79108],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79107,63953],{}," will not do that:",[55,79110,79112],{"className":57,"code":79111,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79113,79114,79146,79164,79168],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,79115,79116,79118,79120,79122,79124,79126,79128,79130,79132,79134,79136,79138,79140,79142,79144],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,79117,567],{"class":70},[64,79119,75],{"class":74},[64,79121,79],{"class":78},[64,79123,2686],{"class":320},[64,79125,585],{"class":329},[64,79127,2686],{"class":320},[64,79129,86],{"class":78},[64,79131,3184],{"class":320},[64,79133,37990],{"class":329},[64,79135,2686],{"class":320},[64,79137,86],{"class":78},[64,79139,3184],{"class":320},[64,79141,576],{"class":329},[64,79143,2686],{"class":320},[64,79145,97],{"class":78},[64,79147,79148,79150,79152,79154,79156,79158,79160,79162],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,79149,611],{"class":70},[64,79151,148],{"class":78},[64,79153,34427],{"class":115},[64,79155,112],{"class":78},[64,79157,14457],{"class":8781},[64,79159,75],{"class":74},[64,79161,10771],{"class":108},[64,79163,119],{"class":78},[64,79165,79166],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,79167,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,79169,79170,79172,79174,79176],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,79171,125],{"class":108},[64,79173,112],{"class":78},[64,79175,611],{"class":115},[64,79177,119],{"class":78},[428,79179,79181],{"id":79180},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79183,79184],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[55,79186,79188],{"className":57,"code":79187,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79189,79190,79224,79234,79238],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,79191,79192,79194,79196,79198,79200,79203,79205,79207,79209,79211,79213,79215,79217,79220,79222],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,79193,567],{"class":70},[64,79195,75],{"class":74},[64,79197,79],{"class":78},[64,79199,2686],{"class":320},[64,79201,79202],{"class":329},"zebra",[64,79204,2686],{"class":320},[64,79206,86],{"class":78},[64,79208,3184],{"class":320},[64,79210,57408],{"class":329},[64,79212,2686],{"class":320},[64,79214,86],{"class":78},[64,79216,3184],{"class":320},[64,79218,79219],{"class":329},"monkey",[64,79221,2686],{"class":320},[64,79223,97],{"class":78},[64,79225,79226,79228,79230,79232],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,79227,611],{"class":70},[64,79229,148],{"class":78},[64,79231,34427],{"class":115},[64,79233,8247],{"class":78},[64,79235,79236],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,79237,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,79239,79240,79242,79244,79246],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,79241,125],{"class":108},[64,79243,112],{"class":78},[64,79245,611],{"class":115},[64,79247,119],{"class":78},[20,79249,384],{},[55,79251,79253],{"className":57,"code":79252,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79254,79255],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,79256,79257,79259,79261,79263,79265,79267,79269,79271,79273,79275,79277,79279,79281],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,79258,394],{"class":78},[64,79260,333],{"class":320},[64,79262,57408],{"class":329},[64,79264,333],{"class":320},[64,79266,86],{"class":78},[64,79268,326],{"class":320},[64,79270,79219],{"class":329},[64,79272,333],{"class":320},[64,79274,86],{"class":78},[64,79276,326],{"class":320},[64,79278,79202],{"class":329},[64,79280,333],{"class":320},[64,79282,97],{"class":78},[20,79284,1923,79285,79287],{},[15,79286,78227],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[428,79289,60351],{"id":60350},[20,79291,79292],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[55,79294,79296],{"className":57,"code":79295,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79297,79298,79308,79322,79336,79350],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,79299,79300,79302,79304,79306],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,79301,125],{"class":108},[64,79303,112],{"class":78},[64,79305,7941],{"class":115},[64,79307,119],{"class":78},[64,79309,79310,79312,79314,79316,79318,79320],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,79311,125],{"class":108},[64,79313,112],{"class":78},[64,79315,3052],{"class":357},[64,79317,112],{"class":78},[64,79319,7941],{"class":115},[64,79321,471],{"class":78},[64,79323,79324,79326,79328,79330,79332,79334],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,79325,125],{"class":108},[64,79327,112],{"class":78},[64,79329,7941],{"class":115},[64,79331,148],{"class":78},[64,79333,34427],{"class":115},[64,79335,6792],{"class":78},[64,79337,79338,79340,79342,79344,79346,79348],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,79339,125],{"class":108},[64,79341,112],{"class":78},[64,79343,74156],{"class":108},[64,79345,112],{"class":78},[64,79347,7941],{"class":115},[64,79349,471],{"class":78},[64,79351,79352,79354,79356,79358,79360,79362,79364,79366,79368,79370,79372],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,79353,125],{"class":108},[64,79355,354],{"class":78},[64,79357,3052],{"class":357},[64,79359,112],{"class":78},[64,79361,22932],{"class":115},[64,79363,133],{"class":78},[64,79365,369],{"class":368},[64,79367,5555],{"class":115},[64,79369,375],{"class":368},[64,79371,7998],{"class":115},[64,79373,381],{"class":78},[20,79375,10780],{},[30,79377,79378,79381,79384,79391,79397],{},[33,79379,79380],{},"What values are in the list",[33,79382,79383],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[33,79385,79386,79387,44,79389],{},"That ",[15,79388,63953],{},[15,79390,258],{},[33,79392,79393,79394,79396],{},"Whether ",[15,79395,74066],{}," works better for your case",[33,79398,79399],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79401,79402,79403,79405],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79404,2835],{}," problems.",[50,79407,1651],{"id":1650},[428,79409,12317,79411,55108],{"id":79410},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79412,77509],{},[20,79414,62244,79415,148],{},[15,79416,258],{},[428,79418,1694,79420,896,79422,1677],{"id":79419},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79421,63953],{},[15,79423,74066],{},[20,79425,79426,79428,79429,79431],{},[15,79427,63953],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79430,74066],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[428,79433,79435],{"id":79434},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79437,18314],{},[55,79439,79441],{"className":57,"code":79440,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79442,79443],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,79444,79445,79447,79449,79451,79453,79455,79457,79459],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,79446,7941],{"class":70},[64,79448,148],{"class":78},[64,79450,34427],{"class":115},[64,79452,112],{"class":78},[64,79454,73219],{"class":8781},[64,79456,75],{"class":74},[64,79458,47],{"class":338},[64,79460,119],{"class":78},[428,79462,79464],{"id":79463},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79466,18314],{},[55,79468,79470],{"className":57,"code":79469,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79471,79472],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,79473,79474,79476,79478,79480,79482,79484,79486,79488,79490,79492],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,79475,7941],{"class":70},[64,79477,148],{"class":78},[64,79479,34427],{"class":115},[64,79481,112],{"class":78},[64,79483,14457],{"class":8781},[64,79485,75],{"class":74},[64,79487,3276],{"class":357},[64,79489,148],{"class":78},[64,79491,8244],{"class":24372},[64,79493,119],{"class":78},[20,79495,79496],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[428,79498,79500,79501,79503],{"id":79499},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79502,2835],{}," when sorting?",[20,79505,79506],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[50,79508,1717],{"id":1716},[30,79510,79511,79516,79522,79526],{},[33,79512,79513],{},[285,79514,79515],{"href":78018},"How to sort a list in Python",[33,79517,79518],{},[285,79519,13,79520,5377],{"href":74163},[15,79521,74066],{},[33,79523,79524],{},[285,79525,66719],{"href":50617},[33,79527,79528],{},[285,79529,78768],{"href":78767},[1751,79531,79532],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":79534},[79535,79536,79538,79539,79540,79541,79543,79545,79556,79566],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":77575,"depth":100,"text":79537},"What list.sort() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":77830,"depth":100,"text":77831},{"id":78022,"depth":100,"text":78023},{"id":78344,"depth":100,"text":79542},"Using the key argument",{"id":78609,"depth":100,"text":79544},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661,"children":79546},[79547,79549,79550,79552,79554,79555],{"id":78778,"depth":122,"text":79548},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":78887,"depth":122,"text":78888},{"id":78939,"depth":122,"text":79551},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79093,"depth":122,"text":79553},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79180,"depth":122,"text":79181},{"id":60350,"depth":122,"text":60351},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":79557},[79558,79560,79562,79563,79564],{"id":79410,"depth":122,"text":79559},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79419,"depth":122,"text":79561},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79434,"depth":122,"text":79435},{"id":79463,"depth":122,"text":79464},{"id":79499,"depth":122,"text":79565},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77497,"description":79567},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79574,"title":79575,"body":79576,"description":82207,"extension":1791,"meta":82208,"navigation":346,"path":82209,"seo":82210,"stem":82211,"__hash__":82212},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79577,"toc":82166},[79578,79583,79588,79591,79602,79605,79625,79627,79689,79691,79732,79741,79746,79751,79757,79768,79770,79789,79792,79797,79802,79804,79809,79823,79825,79843,79846,79863,79866,79872,79895,79900,79902,79905,79966,79968,80001,80003,80042,80050,80060,80066,80071,80164,80166,80190,80192,80210,80213,80244,80250,80255,80258,80260,80385,80387,80411,80413,80432,80438,80444,80563,80565,80582,80589,80595,80600,80607,80613,80615,80672,80675,80696,80699,80702,80763,80765,80798,80802,80872,80874,80891,80895,80898,80973,80975,81012,81015,81018,81089,81091,81152,81157,81162,81165,81179,81181,81254,81256,81276,81279,81282,81339,81401,81404,81436,81439,81454,81459,81461,81467,81470,81526,81529,81531,81550,81554,81556,81600,81609,81611,81671,81675,81678,81680,81773,81775,81890,81894,81896,81970,81973,81976,81978,81983,82048,82050,82074,82084,82086,82092,82101,82110,82119,82125,82128,82132,82135,82137,82163],[10,79579,13,79581,18],{"id":79580},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79582,39349],{},[20,79584,22,79585,79587],{},[15,79586,39349],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79589,79590],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[30,79592,79593,79596,79599],{},[33,79594,79595],{},"converting numbers to strings",[33,79597,79598],{},"changing strings to integers",[33,79600,79601],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79603,79604],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[30,79606,79607,79614,79620],{},[33,79608,79609,13669,79611,79613],{},[15,79610,39349],{},[221,79612,1138],{}," return a list in Python 3",[33,79615,79616,79617],{},"it returns a ",[221,79618,79619],{},"map object",[33,79621,79622,79623],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79624,24403],{},[50,79626,1833],{"id":1832},[55,79628,79630],{"className":57,"code":79629,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79631,79632,79656,79675],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,79633,79634,79636,79638,79640,79642,79644,79646,79648,79650,79652,79654],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,79635,71],{"class":70},[64,79637,75],{"class":74},[64,79639,79],{"class":78},[64,79641,83],{"class":82},[64,79643,86],{"class":78},[64,79645,89],{"class":82},[64,79647,86],{"class":78},[64,79649,94],{"class":82},[64,79651,86],{"class":78},[64,79653,2286],{"class":82},[64,79655,97],{"class":78},[64,79657,79658,79660,79662,79665,79667,79669,79671,79673],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,79659,103],{"class":70},[64,79661,75],{"class":74},[64,79663,79664],{"class":108}," map",[64,79666,112],{"class":78},[64,79668,3276],{"class":357},[64,79670,86],{"class":78},[64,79672,762],{"class":115},[64,79674,119],{"class":78},[64,79676,79677,79679,79681,79683,79685,79687],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,79678,125],{"class":108},[64,79680,112],{"class":78},[64,79682,7695],{"class":357},[64,79684,112],{"class":78},[64,79686,130],{"class":115},[64,79688,471],{"class":78},[20,79690,384],{},[55,79692,79694],{"className":57,"code":79693,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79695,79696],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,79697,79698,79700,79702,79704,79706,79708,79710,79712,79714,79716,79718,79720,79722,79724,79726,79728,79730],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,79699,394],{"class":78},[64,79701,333],{"class":320},[64,79703,83],{"class":329},[64,79705,333],{"class":320},[64,79707,86],{"class":78},[64,79709,326],{"class":320},[64,79711,815],{"class":329},[64,79713,333],{"class":320},[64,79715,86],{"class":78},[64,79717,326],{"class":320},[64,79719,1892],{"class":329},[64,79721,333],{"class":320},[64,79723,86],{"class":78},[64,79725,326],{"class":320},[64,79727,2334],{"class":329},[64,79729,333],{"class":320},[64,79731,97],{"class":78},[20,79733,1923,79734,79737,79738,79740],{},[15,79735,79736],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79739,24403],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[50,79742,152,79744,155],{"id":79743},"what-map-does",[15,79745,39349],{},[20,79747,79748,79750],{},[15,79749,39349],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79752,79753,79754,79756],{},"An ",[221,79755,197],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[30,79758,79759,79761,79763,79765],{},[33,79760,37533],{},[33,79762,37536],{},[33,79764,37539],{},[33,79766,79767],{},"a range object",[20,79769,30350],{},[55,79771,79773],{"className":57,"code":79772,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79774,79775],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,79776,79777,79779,79781,79783,79785,79787],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,79778,39492],{"class":108},[64,79780,112],{"class":78},[64,79782,37492],{"class":115},[64,79784,86],{"class":78},[64,79786,37497],{"class":115},[64,79788,119],{"class":78},[20,79790,79791],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,79793,79794,79795,33368],{},"Important: the result is a ",[221,79796,79619],{},[20,79798,79799,79800,148],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[285,79801,1647],{"href":1646},[50,79803,1988],{"id":1987},[20,79805,79806,79808],{},[15,79807,39349],{}," needs at least two parts:",[30,79810,79811,79817],{},[33,79812,79813,79816],{},[221,79814,79815],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[33,79818,79819,79822],{},[221,79820,79821],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,79824,182],{},[55,79826,79827],{"className":57,"code":79772,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,79828,79829],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,79830,79831,79833,79835,79837,79839,79841],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,79832,39492],{"class":108},[64,79834,112],{"class":78},[64,79836,37492],{"class":115},[64,79838,86],{"class":78},[64,79840,37497],{"class":115},[64,79842,119],{"class":78},[20,79844,79845],{},"You can pass:",[30,79847,79848,79857,79860],{},[33,79849,79850,79851,2020,79853,2024,79855],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,79852,3276],{},[15,79854,2019],{},[15,79856,1847],{},[33,79858,79859],{},"your own custom function",[33,79861,79862],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,79864,79865],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,79867,79868,79869,79871],{},"You will often see ",[15,79870,39349],{}," used like this:",[55,79873,79875],{"className":57,"code":79874,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,79876,79877],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,79878,79879,79881,79883,79885,79887,79889,79891,79893],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,79880,7695],{"class":357},[64,79882,112],{"class":78},[64,79884,39492],{"class":108},[64,79886,112],{"class":78},[64,79888,37492],{"class":115},[64,79890,86],{"class":78},[64,79892,378],{"class":115},[64,79894,471],{"class":78},[20,79896,6274,79897,79899],{},[15,79898,24403],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[50,79901,11086],{"id":11085},[20,79903,79904],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[55,79906,79908],{"className":57,"code":79907,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79909,79910,79930,79948,79952],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,79911,79912,79914,79916,79918,79920,79922,79924,79926,79928],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,79913,71],{"class":70},[64,79915,75],{"class":74},[64,79917,79],{"class":78},[64,79919,2160],{"class":82},[64,79921,86],{"class":78},[64,79923,7390],{"class":82},[64,79925,86],{"class":78},[64,79927,7395],{"class":82},[64,79929,97],{"class":78},[64,79931,79932,79934,79936,79938,79940,79942,79944,79946],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,79933,103],{"class":70},[64,79935,75],{"class":74},[64,79937,79664],{"class":108},[64,79939,112],{"class":78},[64,79941,3276],{"class":357},[64,79943,86],{"class":78},[64,79945,762],{"class":115},[64,79947,119],{"class":78},[64,79949,79950],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,79951,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,79953,79954,79956,79958,79960,79962,79964],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,79955,125],{"class":108},[64,79957,112],{"class":78},[64,79959,7695],{"class":357},[64,79961,112],{"class":78},[64,79963,130],{"class":115},[64,79965,471],{"class":78},[20,79967,384],{},[55,79969,79971],{"className":57,"code":79970,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,79972,79973],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,79974,79975,79977,79979,79981,79983,79985,79987,79989,79991,79993,79995,79997,79999],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,79976,394],{"class":78},[64,79978,333],{"class":320},[64,79980,2160],{"class":329},[64,79982,333],{"class":320},[64,79984,86],{"class":78},[64,79986,326],{"class":320},[64,79988,15371],{"class":329},[64,79990,333],{"class":320},[64,79992,86],{"class":78},[64,79994,326],{"class":320},[64,79996,36472],{"class":329},[64,79998,333],{"class":320},[64,80000,97],{"class":78},[20,80002,11295],{},[30,80004,80005,80010,80018,80026,80034],{},[33,80006,80007,80009],{},[15,80008,116],{}," contains integers",[33,80011,80012,80015,80016],{},[15,80013,80014],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80017,47320],{},[33,80019,80020,41789,80023],{},[15,80021,80022],{},"str(10)",[15,80024,80025],{},"'10'",[33,80027,80028,41789,80031],{},[15,80029,80030],{},"str(20)",[15,80032,80033],{},"'20'",[33,80035,80036,41789,80039],{},[15,80037,80038],{},"str(30)",[15,80040,80041],{},"'30'",[20,80043,53292,80044,80046,80047,80049],{},[15,80045,39349],{}," applies ",[15,80048,47320],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80051,80052,80053,80055,80056,148],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80054,24403],{}," better, see ",[285,80057,13,80058,1713],{"href":64489},[15,80059,24403],{},[50,80061,8020,80063,80065],{"id":80062},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80064,39349],{}," with your own function",[20,80067,15331,80068,80070],{},[15,80069,39349],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[55,80072,80074],{"className":57,"code":80073,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80075,80076,80089,80099,80103,80127,80146,80150],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,80077,80078,80080,80083,80085,80087],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,80079,34479],{"class":1895},[64,80081,80082],{"class":34482}," double",[64,80084,112],{"class":78},[64,80086,363],{"class":37294},[64,80088,7944],{"class":78},[64,80090,80091,80093,80095,80097],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,80092,34490],{"class":368},[64,80094,372],{"class":70},[64,80096,39505],{"class":74},[64,80098,45225],{"class":82},[64,80100,80101],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,80102,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,80104,80105,80107,80109,80111,80113,80115,80117,80119,80121,80123,80125],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,80106,71],{"class":70},[64,80108,75],{"class":74},[64,80110,79],{"class":78},[64,80112,83],{"class":82},[64,80114,86],{"class":78},[64,80116,89],{"class":82},[64,80118,86],{"class":78},[64,80120,94],{"class":82},[64,80122,86],{"class":78},[64,80124,2286],{"class":82},[64,80126,97],{"class":78},[64,80128,80129,80131,80133,80135,80137,80140,80142,80144],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,80130,103],{"class":70},[64,80132,75],{"class":74},[64,80134,79664],{"class":108},[64,80136,112],{"class":78},[64,80138,80139],{"class":115},"double",[64,80141,86],{"class":78},[64,80143,762],{"class":115},[64,80145,119],{"class":78},[64,80147,80148],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,80149,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,80151,80152,80154,80156,80158,80160,80162],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,80153,125],{"class":108},[64,80155,112],{"class":78},[64,80157,7695],{"class":357},[64,80159,112],{"class":78},[64,80161,130],{"class":115},[64,80163,471],{"class":78},[20,80165,384],{},[55,80167,80168],{"className":57,"code":39518,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,80169,80170],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,80171,80172,80174,80176,80178,80180,80182,80184,80186,80188],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,80173,394],{"class":78},[64,80175,815],{"class":82},[64,80177,86],{"class":78},[64,80179,2286],{"class":82},[64,80181,86],{"class":78},[64,80183,37275],{"class":82},[64,80185,86],{"class":78},[64,80187,5955],{"class":82},[64,80189,97],{"class":78},[20,80191,65226],{},[30,80193,80194,80201,80207],{},[33,80195,80196,80198,80199],{},[15,80197,39349],{}," takes the function ",[15,80200,80139],{},[33,80202,80203,80204,80206],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80205,116],{}," into that function",[33,80208,80209],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80211,80212],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[30,80214,80215,80222,80229,80237],{},[33,80216,80217,5667,80220],{},[15,80218,80219],{},"double(1)",[15,80221,815],{},[33,80223,80224,5667,80227],{},[15,80225,80226],{},"double(2)",[15,80228,2334],{},[33,80230,80231,5667,80234],{},[15,80232,80233],{},"double(3)",[15,80235,80236],{},"6",[33,80238,80239,5667,80242],{},[15,80240,80241],{},"double(4)",[15,80243,2175],{},[50,80245,8020,80247,80249],{"id":80246},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80248,39349],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80251,80252,80254],{},[15,80253,39349],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80256,80257],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80259,916],{},[55,80261,80263],{"className":57,"code":80262,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80264,80265,80282,80292,80296,80317,80338,80342,80367,80371],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,80266,80267,80269,80272,80274,80276,80278,80280],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,80268,34479],{"class":1895},[64,80270,80271],{"class":34482}," add_numbers",[64,80273,112],{"class":78},[64,80275,285],{"class":37294},[64,80277,86],{"class":78},[64,80279,2389],{"class":37294},[64,80281,7944],{"class":78},[64,80283,80284,80286,80288,80290],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,80285,34490],{"class":368},[64,80287,44180],{"class":70},[64,80289,1889],{"class":74},[64,80291,35812],{"class":70},[64,80293,80294],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,80295,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,80297,80298,80301,80303,80305,80307,80309,80311,80313,80315],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,80299,80300],{"class":70},"list1 ",[64,80302,75],{"class":74},[64,80304,79],{"class":78},[64,80306,83],{"class":82},[64,80308,86],{"class":78},[64,80310,89],{"class":82},[64,80312,86],{"class":78},[64,80314,94],{"class":82},[64,80316,97],{"class":78},[64,80318,80319,80322,80324,80326,80328,80330,80332,80334,80336],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,80320,80321],{"class":70},"list2 ",[64,80323,75],{"class":74},[64,80325,79],{"class":78},[64,80327,2160],{"class":82},[64,80329,86],{"class":78},[64,80331,7390],{"class":82},[64,80333,86],{"class":78},[64,80335,7395],{"class":82},[64,80337,97],{"class":78},[64,80339,80340],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,80341,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,80343,80344,80346,80348,80350,80352,80355,80357,80360,80362,80365],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,80345,103],{"class":70},[64,80347,75],{"class":74},[64,80349,79664],{"class":108},[64,80351,112],{"class":78},[64,80353,80354],{"class":115},"add_numbers",[64,80356,86],{"class":78},[64,80358,80359],{"class":115}," list1",[64,80361,86],{"class":78},[64,80363,80364],{"class":115}," list2",[64,80366,119],{"class":78},[64,80368,80369],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,80370,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,80372,80373,80375,80377,80379,80381,80383],{"class":66,"line":6028},[64,80374,125],{"class":108},[64,80376,112],{"class":78},[64,80378,7695],{"class":357},[64,80380,112],{"class":78},[64,80382,130],{"class":115},[64,80384,471],{"class":78},[20,80386,384],{},[55,80388,80390],{"className":57,"code":80389,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80391,80392],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,80393,80394,80396,80399,80401,80404,80406,80409],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,80395,394],{"class":78},[64,80397,80398],{"class":82},"11",[64,80400,86],{"class":78},[64,80402,80403],{"class":82}," 22",[64,80405,86],{"class":78},[64,80407,80408],{"class":82}," 33",[64,80410,97],{"class":78},[20,80412,2009],{},[30,80414,80415,80421,80427],{},[33,80416,80417,80418],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80419,80420],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[33,80422,80423,80424],{},"then ",[15,80425,80426],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[33,80428,80423,80429],{},[15,80430,80431],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[428,80433,80435,80437],{"id":80434},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80436,39349],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80439,80440,80441,80443],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80442,39349],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[55,80445,80447],{"className":57,"code":80446,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80448,80449,80465,80475,80479,80503,80519,80523,80545,80549],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,80450,80451,80453,80455,80457,80459,80461,80463],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,80452,34479],{"class":1895},[64,80454,80271],{"class":34482},[64,80456,112],{"class":78},[64,80458,285],{"class":37294},[64,80460,86],{"class":78},[64,80462,2389],{"class":37294},[64,80464,7944],{"class":78},[64,80466,80467,80469,80471,80473],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,80468,34490],{"class":368},[64,80470,44180],{"class":70},[64,80472,1889],{"class":74},[64,80474,35812],{"class":70},[64,80476,80477],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,80478,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,80480,80481,80483,80485,80487,80489,80491,80493,80495,80497,80499,80501],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,80482,80300],{"class":70},[64,80484,75],{"class":74},[64,80486,79],{"class":78},[64,80488,83],{"class":82},[64,80490,86],{"class":78},[64,80492,89],{"class":82},[64,80494,86],{"class":78},[64,80496,94],{"class":82},[64,80498,86],{"class":78},[64,80500,2286],{"class":82},[64,80502,97],{"class":78},[64,80504,80505,80507,80509,80511,80513,80515,80517],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,80506,80321],{"class":70},[64,80508,75],{"class":74},[64,80510,79],{"class":78},[64,80512,2160],{"class":82},[64,80514,86],{"class":78},[64,80516,7390],{"class":82},[64,80518,97],{"class":78},[64,80520,80521],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,80522,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,80524,80525,80527,80529,80531,80533,80535,80537,80539,80541,80543],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,80526,103],{"class":70},[64,80528,75],{"class":74},[64,80530,79664],{"class":108},[64,80532,112],{"class":78},[64,80534,80354],{"class":115},[64,80536,86],{"class":78},[64,80538,80359],{"class":115},[64,80540,86],{"class":78},[64,80542,80364],{"class":115},[64,80544,119],{"class":78},[64,80546,80547],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,80548,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,80550,80551,80553,80555,80557,80559,80561],{"class":66,"line":6028},[64,80552,125],{"class":108},[64,80554,112],{"class":78},[64,80556,7695],{"class":357},[64,80558,112],{"class":78},[64,80560,130],{"class":115},[64,80562,471],{"class":78},[20,80564,384],{},[55,80566,80568],{"className":57,"code":80567,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80569,80570],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,80571,80572,80574,80576,80578,80580],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,80573,394],{"class":78},[64,80575,80398],{"class":82},[64,80577,86],{"class":78},[64,80579,80403],{"class":82},[64,80581,97],{"class":78},[20,80583,80584,80585,80588],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80586,80587],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[50,80590,80592,80594],{"id":80591},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80593,39349],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80596,37655,80597,80599],{},[15,80598,39349],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80601,80602,80603,80606],{},"This object is ",[221,80604,80605],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[428,80608,2318,80610,80612],{"id":80609},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80611,32653],{}," looks strange",[20,80614,33269],{},[55,80616,80618],{"className":57,"code":80617,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80619,80620,80640,80658,80662],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,80621,80622,80624,80626,80628,80630,80632,80634,80636,80638],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,80623,71],{"class":70},[64,80625,75],{"class":74},[64,80627,79],{"class":78},[64,80629,83],{"class":82},[64,80631,86],{"class":78},[64,80633,89],{"class":82},[64,80635,86],{"class":78},[64,80637,94],{"class":82},[64,80639,97],{"class":78},[64,80641,80642,80644,80646,80648,80650,80652,80654,80656],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,80643,103],{"class":70},[64,80645,75],{"class":74},[64,80647,79664],{"class":108},[64,80649,112],{"class":78},[64,80651,3276],{"class":357},[64,80653,86],{"class":78},[64,80655,762],{"class":115},[64,80657,119],{"class":78},[64,80659,80660],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,80661,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,80663,80664,80666,80668,80670],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,80665,125],{"class":108},[64,80667,112],{"class":78},[64,80669,130],{"class":115},[64,80671,119],{"class":78},[20,80673,80674],{},"Output will look something like this:",[55,80676,80678],{"className":57,"code":80677,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80679,80680],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,80681,80682,80684,80686,80688,80690,80692,80694],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,80683,3121],{"class":74},[64,80685,39492],{"class":108},[64,80687,24239],{"class":357},[64,80689,36995],{"class":70},[64,80691,36999],{"class":36998},[64,80693,37002],{"class":34080},[64,80695,3133],{"class":74},[20,80697,80698],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80700,80701],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[55,80703,80705],{"className":57,"code":80704,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80706,80707,80727,80745,80749],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,80708,80709,80711,80713,80715,80717,80719,80721,80723,80725],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,80710,71],{"class":70},[64,80712,75],{"class":74},[64,80714,79],{"class":78},[64,80716,83],{"class":82},[64,80718,86],{"class":78},[64,80720,89],{"class":82},[64,80722,86],{"class":78},[64,80724,94],{"class":82},[64,80726,97],{"class":78},[64,80728,80729,80731,80733,80735,80737,80739,80741,80743],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,80730,103],{"class":70},[64,80732,75],{"class":74},[64,80734,79664],{"class":108},[64,80736,112],{"class":78},[64,80738,3276],{"class":357},[64,80740,86],{"class":78},[64,80742,762],{"class":115},[64,80744,119],{"class":78},[64,80746,80747],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,80748,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,80750,80751,80753,80755,80757,80759,80761],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,80752,125],{"class":108},[64,80754,112],{"class":78},[64,80756,7695],{"class":357},[64,80758,112],{"class":78},[64,80760,130],{"class":115},[64,80762,471],{"class":78},[20,80764,384],{},[55,80766,80768],{"className":57,"code":80767,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80769,80770],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,80771,80772,80774,80776,80778,80780,80782,80784,80786,80788,80790,80792,80794,80796],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,80773,394],{"class":78},[64,80775,333],{"class":320},[64,80777,83],{"class":329},[64,80779,333],{"class":320},[64,80781,86],{"class":78},[64,80783,326],{"class":320},[64,80785,815],{"class":329},[64,80787,333],{"class":320},[64,80789,86],{"class":78},[64,80791,326],{"class":320},[64,80793,1892],{"class":329},[64,80795,333],{"class":320},[64,80797,97],{"class":78},[428,80799,80801],{"id":80800},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[55,80803,80805],{"className":57,"code":80804,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,80806,80807,80827,80845,80849,80862],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,80808,80809,80811,80813,80815,80817,80819,80821,80823,80825],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,80810,71],{"class":70},[64,80812,75],{"class":74},[64,80814,79],{"class":78},[64,80816,83],{"class":82},[64,80818,86],{"class":78},[64,80820,89],{"class":82},[64,80822,86],{"class":78},[64,80824,94],{"class":82},[64,80826,97],{"class":78},[64,80828,80829,80831,80833,80835,80837,80839,80841,80843],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,80830,103],{"class":70},[64,80832,75],{"class":74},[64,80834,79664],{"class":108},[64,80836,112],{"class":78},[64,80838,3276],{"class":357},[64,80840,86],{"class":78},[64,80842,762],{"class":115},[64,80844,119],{"class":78},[64,80846,80847],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,80848,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,80850,80851,80853,80855,80857,80860],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,80852,5552],{"class":368},[64,80854,5555],{"class":70},[64,80856,375],{"class":368},[64,80858,80859],{"class":70}," result",[64,80861,5989],{"class":78},[64,80863,80864,80866,80868,80870],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,80865,7670],{"class":108},[64,80867,112],{"class":78},[64,80869,22932],{"class":115},[64,80871,119],{"class":78},[20,80873,384],{},[55,80875,80877],{"className":57,"code":80876,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,80878,80879,80883,80887],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,80880,80881],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,80882,46553],{"class":82},[64,80884,80885],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,80886,16674],{"class":82},[64,80888,80889],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,80890,46253],{"class":82},[428,80892,80894],{"id":80893},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,80896,80897],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[55,80899,80901],{"className":57,"code":80900,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80902,80903,80923,80941,80945,80959],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,80904,80905,80907,80909,80911,80913,80915,80917,80919,80921],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,80906,71],{"class":70},[64,80908,75],{"class":74},[64,80910,79],{"class":78},[64,80912,83],{"class":82},[64,80914,86],{"class":78},[64,80916,89],{"class":82},[64,80918,86],{"class":78},[64,80920,94],{"class":82},[64,80922,97],{"class":78},[64,80924,80925,80927,80929,80931,80933,80935,80937,80939],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,80926,103],{"class":70},[64,80928,75],{"class":74},[64,80930,79664],{"class":108},[64,80932,112],{"class":78},[64,80934,3276],{"class":357},[64,80936,86],{"class":78},[64,80938,762],{"class":115},[64,80940,119],{"class":78},[64,80942,80943],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,80944,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,80946,80947,80949,80951,80953,80955,80957],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,80948,125],{"class":108},[64,80950,112],{"class":78},[64,80952,7695],{"class":357},[64,80954,112],{"class":78},[64,80956,130],{"class":115},[64,80958,471],{"class":78},[64,80960,80961,80963,80965,80967,80969,80971],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,80962,125],{"class":108},[64,80964,112],{"class":78},[64,80966,7695],{"class":357},[64,80968,112],{"class":78},[64,80970,130],{"class":115},[64,80972,471],{"class":78},[20,80974,384],{},[55,80976,80978],{"className":57,"code":80977,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,80979,80980,81008],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,80981,80982,80984,80986,80988,80990,80992,80994,80996,80998,81000,81002,81004,81006],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,80983,394],{"class":78},[64,80985,333],{"class":320},[64,80987,83],{"class":329},[64,80989,333],{"class":320},[64,80991,86],{"class":78},[64,80993,326],{"class":320},[64,80995,815],{"class":329},[64,80997,333],{"class":320},[64,80999,86],{"class":78},[64,81001,326],{"class":320},[64,81003,1892],{"class":329},[64,81005,333],{"class":320},[64,81007,97],{"class":78},[64,81009,81010],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,81011,37929],{"class":78},[20,81013,81014],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81016,81017],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[55,81019,81021],{"className":57,"code":81020,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81022,81023,81043,81065,81069,81079],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,81024,81025,81027,81029,81031,81033,81035,81037,81039,81041],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81026,71],{"class":70},[64,81028,75],{"class":74},[64,81030,79],{"class":78},[64,81032,83],{"class":82},[64,81034,86],{"class":78},[64,81036,89],{"class":82},[64,81038,86],{"class":78},[64,81040,94],{"class":82},[64,81042,97],{"class":78},[64,81044,81045,81047,81049,81051,81053,81055,81057,81059,81061,81063],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,81046,103],{"class":70},[64,81048,75],{"class":74},[64,81050,22181],{"class":357},[64,81052,112],{"class":78},[64,81054,39492],{"class":108},[64,81056,112],{"class":78},[64,81058,3276],{"class":357},[64,81060,86],{"class":78},[64,81062,762],{"class":115},[64,81064,471],{"class":78},[64,81066,81067],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,81068,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,81070,81071,81073,81075,81077],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,81072,125],{"class":108},[64,81074,112],{"class":78},[64,81076,130],{"class":115},[64,81078,119],{"class":78},[64,81080,81081,81083,81085,81087],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,81082,125],{"class":108},[64,81084,112],{"class":78},[64,81086,130],{"class":115},[64,81088,119],{"class":78},[20,81090,384],{},[55,81092,81094],{"className":57,"code":81093,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81095,81096,81124],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,81097,81098,81100,81102,81104,81106,81108,81110,81112,81114,81116,81118,81120,81122],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81099,394],{"class":78},[64,81101,333],{"class":320},[64,81103,83],{"class":329},[64,81105,333],{"class":320},[64,81107,86],{"class":78},[64,81109,326],{"class":320},[64,81111,815],{"class":329},[64,81113,333],{"class":320},[64,81115,86],{"class":78},[64,81117,326],{"class":320},[64,81119,1892],{"class":329},[64,81121,333],{"class":320},[64,81123,97],{"class":78},[64,81125,81126,81128,81130,81132,81134,81136,81138,81140,81142,81144,81146,81148,81150],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,81127,394],{"class":78},[64,81129,333],{"class":320},[64,81131,83],{"class":329},[64,81133,333],{"class":320},[64,81135,86],{"class":78},[64,81137,326],{"class":320},[64,81139,815],{"class":329},[64,81141,333],{"class":320},[64,81143,86],{"class":78},[64,81145,326],{"class":320},[64,81147,1892],{"class":329},[64,81149,333],{"class":320},[64,81151,97],{"class":78},[50,81153,1471,81155],{"id":81154},"when-to-use-map",[15,81156,39349],{},[20,81158,81159,81161],{},[15,81160,39349],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81163,81164],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[30,81166,81167,81171,81175],{},[33,81168,81169],{},[15,81170,3276],{},[33,81172,81173],{},[15,81174,2019],{},[33,81176,81177],{},[15,81178,1847],{},[20,81180,916],{},[55,81182,81184],{"className":57,"code":81183,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81185,81186,81218,81240,81244],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,81187,81188,81190,81192,81194,81196,81198,81200,81202,81204,81206,81208,81210,81212,81214,81216],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81189,304],{"class":70},[64,81191,75],{"class":74},[64,81193,79],{"class":78},[64,81195,333],{"class":320},[64,81197,83],{"class":329},[64,81199,333],{"class":320},[64,81201,86],{"class":78},[64,81203,326],{"class":320},[64,81205,815],{"class":329},[64,81207,333],{"class":320},[64,81209,86],{"class":78},[64,81211,326],{"class":320},[64,81213,1892],{"class":329},[64,81215,333],{"class":320},[64,81217,97],{"class":78},[64,81219,81220,81222,81224,81226,81228,81230,81232,81234,81236,81238],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,81221,71],{"class":70},[64,81223,75],{"class":74},[64,81225,22181],{"class":357},[64,81227,112],{"class":78},[64,81229,39492],{"class":108},[64,81231,112],{"class":78},[64,81233,2019],{"class":357},[64,81235,86],{"class":78},[64,81237,378],{"class":115},[64,81239,471],{"class":78},[64,81241,81242],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,81243,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,81245,81246,81248,81250,81252],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,81247,125],{"class":108},[64,81249,112],{"class":78},[64,81251,116],{"class":115},[64,81253,119],{"class":78},[20,81255,384],{},[55,81257,81258],{"className":57,"code":54789,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,81259,81260],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,81261,81262,81264,81266,81268,81270,81272,81274],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81263,394],{"class":78},[64,81265,83],{"class":82},[64,81267,86],{"class":78},[64,81269,89],{"class":82},[64,81271,86],{"class":78},[64,81273,94],{"class":82},[64,81275,97],{"class":78},[20,81277,81278],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81280,81281],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[55,81283,81285],{"className":57,"code":81284,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81286,81287,81307,81329],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,81288,81289,81291,81293,81295,81297,81299,81301,81303,81305],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81290,71],{"class":70},[64,81292,75],{"class":74},[64,81294,79],{"class":78},[64,81296,83],{"class":82},[64,81298,86],{"class":78},[64,81300,89],{"class":82},[64,81302,86],{"class":78},[64,81304,94],{"class":82},[64,81306,97],{"class":78},[64,81308,81309,81311,81313,81315,81317,81319,81321,81323,81325,81327],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,81310,103],{"class":70},[64,81312,75],{"class":74},[64,81314,22181],{"class":357},[64,81316,112],{"class":78},[64,81318,39492],{"class":108},[64,81320,112],{"class":78},[64,81322,3276],{"class":357},[64,81324,86],{"class":78},[64,81326,762],{"class":115},[64,81328,471],{"class":78},[64,81330,81331,81333,81335,81337],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,81332,125],{"class":108},[64,81334,112],{"class":78},[64,81336,130],{"class":115},[64,81338,119],{"class":78},[55,81340,81342],{"className":57,"code":81341,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81343,81344,81364,81391],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,81345,81346,81348,81350,81352,81354,81356,81358,81360,81362],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81347,71],{"class":70},[64,81349,75],{"class":74},[64,81351,79],{"class":78},[64,81353,83],{"class":82},[64,81355,86],{"class":78},[64,81357,89],{"class":82},[64,81359,86],{"class":78},[64,81361,94],{"class":82},[64,81363,97],{"class":78},[64,81365,81366,81368,81370,81372,81374,81376,81378,81380,81382,81385,81387,81389],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,81367,103],{"class":70},[64,81369,75],{"class":74},[64,81371,79],{"class":78},[64,81373,3276],{"class":357},[64,81375,112],{"class":78},[64,81377,75672],{"class":115},[64,81379,133],{"class":78},[64,81381,369],{"class":368},[64,81383,81384],{"class":70}," n ",[64,81386,375],{"class":368},[64,81388,762],{"class":70},[64,81390,97],{"class":78},[64,81392,81393,81395,81397,81399],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,81394,125],{"class":108},[64,81396,112],{"class":78},[64,81398,130],{"class":115},[64,81400,119],{"class":78},[20,81402,81403],{},"Both produce:",[55,81405,81406],{"className":57,"code":80767,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,81407,81408],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,81409,81410,81412,81414,81416,81418,81420,81422,81424,81426,81428,81430,81432,81434],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81411,394],{"class":78},[64,81413,333],{"class":320},[64,81415,83],{"class":329},[64,81417,333],{"class":320},[64,81419,86],{"class":78},[64,81421,326],{"class":320},[64,81423,815],{"class":329},[64,81425,333],{"class":320},[64,81427,86],{"class":78},[64,81429,326],{"class":320},[64,81431,1892],{"class":329},[64,81433,333],{"class":320},[64,81435,97],{"class":78},[20,81437,81438],{},"A simple rule:",[30,81440,81441,81446,81451],{},[33,81442,39623,81443,81445],{},[15,81444,39349],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[33,81447,39629,81448,81450],{},[15,81449,5552],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[33,81452,81453],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81455,81456,81457,148],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[285,81458,895],{"href":894},[50,81460,1023],{"id":1022},[428,81462,81464,81465],{"id":81463},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81466,24403],{},[20,81468,81469],{},"This is very common:",[55,81471,81472],{"className":57,"code":80617,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,81473,81474,81494,81512,81516],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,81475,81476,81478,81480,81482,81484,81486,81488,81490,81492],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81477,71],{"class":70},[64,81479,75],{"class":74},[64,81481,79],{"class":78},[64,81483,83],{"class":82},[64,81485,86],{"class":78},[64,81487,89],{"class":82},[64,81489,86],{"class":78},[64,81491,94],{"class":82},[64,81493,97],{"class":78},[64,81495,81496,81498,81500,81502,81504,81506,81508,81510],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,81497,103],{"class":70},[64,81499,75],{"class":74},[64,81501,79664],{"class":108},[64,81503,112],{"class":78},[64,81505,3276],{"class":357},[64,81507,86],{"class":78},[64,81509,762],{"class":115},[64,81511,119],{"class":78},[64,81513,81514],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,81515,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,81517,81518,81520,81522,81524],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,81519,125],{"class":108},[64,81521,112],{"class":78},[64,81523,130],{"class":115},[64,81525,119],{"class":78},[20,81527,81528],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81530,38894],{},[55,81532,81534],{"className":57,"code":81533,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81535,81536],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,81537,81538,81540,81542,81544,81546,81548],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81539,125],{"class":108},[64,81541,112],{"class":78},[64,81543,7695],{"class":357},[64,81545,112],{"class":78},[64,81547,130],{"class":115},[64,81549,471],{"class":78},[428,81551,81553],{"id":81552},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81555,16261],{},[55,81557,81559],{"className":57,"code":81558,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81560,81561,81581],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,81562,81563,81565,81567,81569,81571,81573,81575,81577,81579],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81564,71],{"class":70},[64,81566,75],{"class":74},[64,81568,79],{"class":78},[64,81570,83],{"class":82},[64,81572,86],{"class":78},[64,81574,89],{"class":82},[64,81576,86],{"class":78},[64,81578,94],{"class":82},[64,81580,97],{"class":78},[64,81582,81583,81585,81587,81589,81591,81593,81596,81598],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,81584,103],{"class":70},[64,81586,75],{"class":74},[64,81588,79664],{"class":108},[64,81590,112],{"class":78},[64,81592,3276],{"class":357},[64,81594,81595],{"class":78},"(),",[64,81597,762],{"class":115},[64,81599,119],{"class":78},[20,81601,81602,81603,81605,81606,81608],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81604,47320],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81607,39349],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81610,16273],{},[55,81612,81613],{"className":57,"code":80704,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,81614,81615,81635,81653,81657],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,81616,81617,81619,81621,81623,81625,81627,81629,81631,81633],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81618,71],{"class":70},[64,81620,75],{"class":74},[64,81622,79],{"class":78},[64,81624,83],{"class":82},[64,81626,86],{"class":78},[64,81628,89],{"class":82},[64,81630,86],{"class":78},[64,81632,94],{"class":82},[64,81634,97],{"class":78},[64,81636,81637,81639,81641,81643,81645,81647,81649,81651],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,81638,103],{"class":70},[64,81640,75],{"class":74},[64,81642,79664],{"class":108},[64,81644,112],{"class":78},[64,81646,3276],{"class":357},[64,81648,86],{"class":78},[64,81650,762],{"class":115},[64,81652,119],{"class":78},[64,81654,81655],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,81656,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,81658,81659,81661,81663,81665,81667,81669],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,81660,125],{"class":108},[64,81662,112],{"class":78},[64,81664,7695],{"class":357},[64,81666,112],{"class":78},[64,81668,130],{"class":115},[64,81670,471],{"class":78},[428,81672,81674],{"id":81673},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81676,81677],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81679,16261],{},[55,81681,81683],{"className":57,"code":81682,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81684,81685,81702,81712,81716,81736,81755,81759],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,81686,81687,81689,81692,81694,81696,81698,81700],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81688,34479],{"class":1895},[64,81690,81691],{"class":34482}," add",[64,81693,112],{"class":78},[64,81695,285],{"class":37294},[64,81697,86],{"class":78},[64,81699,2389],{"class":37294},[64,81701,7944],{"class":78},[64,81703,81704,81706,81708,81710],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,81705,34490],{"class":368},[64,81707,44180],{"class":70},[64,81709,1889],{"class":74},[64,81711,35812],{"class":70},[64,81713,81714],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,81715,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,81717,81718,81720,81722,81724,81726,81728,81730,81732,81734],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,81719,71],{"class":70},[64,81721,75],{"class":74},[64,81723,79],{"class":78},[64,81725,83],{"class":82},[64,81727,86],{"class":78},[64,81729,89],{"class":82},[64,81731,86],{"class":78},[64,81733,94],{"class":82},[64,81735,97],{"class":78},[64,81737,81738,81740,81742,81744,81746,81749,81751,81753],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,81739,103],{"class":70},[64,81741,75],{"class":74},[64,81743,79664],{"class":108},[64,81745,112],{"class":78},[64,81747,81748],{"class":115},"add",[64,81750,86],{"class":78},[64,81752,762],{"class":115},[64,81754,119],{"class":78},[64,81756,81757],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,81758,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,81760,81761,81763,81765,81767,81769,81771],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,81762,125],{"class":108},[64,81764,112],{"class":78},[64,81766,7695],{"class":357},[64,81768,112],{"class":78},[64,81770,130],{"class":115},[64,81772,471],{"class":78},[20,81774,16273],{},[55,81776,81778],{"className":57,"code":81777,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81779,81780,81796,81806,81810,81830,81850,81872,81876],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,81781,81782,81784,81786,81788,81790,81792,81794],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81783,34479],{"class":1895},[64,81785,81691],{"class":34482},[64,81787,112],{"class":78},[64,81789,285],{"class":37294},[64,81791,86],{"class":78},[64,81793,2389],{"class":37294},[64,81795,7944],{"class":78},[64,81797,81798,81800,81802,81804],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,81799,34490],{"class":368},[64,81801,44180],{"class":70},[64,81803,1889],{"class":74},[64,81805,35812],{"class":70},[64,81807,81808],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,81809,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,81811,81812,81814,81816,81818,81820,81822,81824,81826,81828],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,81813,80300],{"class":70},[64,81815,75],{"class":74},[64,81817,79],{"class":78},[64,81819,83],{"class":82},[64,81821,86],{"class":78},[64,81823,89],{"class":82},[64,81825,86],{"class":78},[64,81827,94],{"class":82},[64,81829,97],{"class":78},[64,81831,81832,81834,81836,81838,81840,81842,81844,81846,81848],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,81833,80321],{"class":70},[64,81835,75],{"class":74},[64,81837,79],{"class":78},[64,81839,2160],{"class":82},[64,81841,86],{"class":78},[64,81843,7390],{"class":82},[64,81845,86],{"class":78},[64,81847,7395],{"class":82},[64,81849,97],{"class":78},[64,81851,81852,81854,81856,81858,81860,81862,81864,81866,81868,81870],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,81853,103],{"class":70},[64,81855,75],{"class":74},[64,81857,79664],{"class":108},[64,81859,112],{"class":78},[64,81861,81748],{"class":115},[64,81863,86],{"class":78},[64,81865,80359],{"class":115},[64,81867,86],{"class":78},[64,81869,80364],{"class":115},[64,81871,119],{"class":78},[64,81873,81874],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,81875,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,81877,81878,81880,81882,81884,81886,81888],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,81879,125],{"class":108},[64,81881,112],{"class":78},[64,81883,7695],{"class":357},[64,81885,112],{"class":78},[64,81887,130],{"class":115},[64,81889,471],{"class":78},[428,81891,81893],{"id":81892},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,81895,16261],{},[55,81897,81898],{"className":57,"code":80900,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,81899,81900,81920,81938,81942,81956],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,81901,81902,81904,81906,81908,81910,81912,81914,81916,81918],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81903,71],{"class":70},[64,81905,75],{"class":74},[64,81907,79],{"class":78},[64,81909,83],{"class":82},[64,81911,86],{"class":78},[64,81913,89],{"class":82},[64,81915,86],{"class":78},[64,81917,94],{"class":82},[64,81919,97],{"class":78},[64,81921,81922,81924,81926,81928,81930,81932,81934,81936],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,81923,103],{"class":70},[64,81925,75],{"class":74},[64,81927,79664],{"class":108},[64,81929,112],{"class":78},[64,81931,3276],{"class":357},[64,81933,86],{"class":78},[64,81935,762],{"class":115},[64,81937,119],{"class":78},[64,81939,81940],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,81941,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,81943,81944,81946,81948,81950,81952,81954],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,81945,125],{"class":108},[64,81947,112],{"class":78},[64,81949,7695],{"class":357},[64,81951,112],{"class":78},[64,81953,130],{"class":115},[64,81955,471],{"class":78},[64,81957,81958,81960,81962,81964,81966,81968],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,81959,125],{"class":108},[64,81961,112],{"class":78},[64,81963,7695],{"class":357},[64,81965,112],{"class":78},[64,81967,130],{"class":115},[64,81969,471],{"class":78},[20,81971,81972],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,81974,81975],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[50,81977,67537],{"id":67536},[20,81979,8480,81980,81982],{},[15,81981,39349],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[55,81984,81986],{"className":57,"code":81985,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81987,81988,81998,82012,82026,82038],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,81989,81990,81992,81994,81996],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,81991,125],{"class":108},[64,81993,112],{"class":78},[64,81995,130],{"class":115},[64,81997,119],{"class":78},[64,81999,82000,82002,82004,82006,82008,82010],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,82001,125],{"class":108},[64,82003,112],{"class":78},[64,82005,7695],{"class":357},[64,82007,112],{"class":78},[64,82009,130],{"class":115},[64,82011,471],{"class":78},[64,82013,82014,82016,82018,82020,82022,82024],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,82015,125],{"class":108},[64,82017,112],{"class":78},[64,82019,3052],{"class":357},[64,82021,112],{"class":78},[64,82023,130],{"class":115},[64,82025,471],{"class":78},[64,82027,82028,82030,82032,82034,82036],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,82029,5552],{"class":368},[64,82031,5555],{"class":70},[64,82033,375],{"class":368},[64,82035,80859],{"class":70},[64,82037,5989],{"class":78},[64,82039,82040,82042,82044,82046],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,82041,7670],{"class":108},[64,82043,112],{"class":78},[64,82045,22932],{"class":115},[64,82047,119],{"class":78},[20,82049,12285],{},[30,82051,82052,82057,82062,82068],{},[33,82053,82054,82056],{},[15,82055,32653],{}," shows that you have a map object",[33,82058,82059,82061],{},[15,82060,32661],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[33,82063,82064,82067],{},[15,82065,82066],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[33,82069,82070,82071,82073],{},"looping over ",[15,82072,130],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82075,82076,82077,82080,82081,82083],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82078,82079],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82082,5552],{}," loop consume the map object.",[50,82085,1651],{"id":1650},[428,82087,12317,82089,82091],{"id":82088},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82090,39349],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82093,82094,82095,82097,82098,23560],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82096,39349],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82099,82100],{},"list(map(...))",[428,82102,14519,82104,82106,82107,82109],{"id":82103},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82105,39349],{}," better than a ",[15,82108,5552],{}," loop?",[20,82111,82112,82113,82115,82116,82118],{},"Not always. ",[15,82114,39349],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82117,5552],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[428,82120,1684,82122,82124],{"id":82121},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82123,39349],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82126,82127],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[428,82129,82131],{"id":82130},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82133,82134],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[50,82136,1717],{"id":1716},[30,82138,82139,82145,82151,82155,82159],{},[33,82140,82141],{},[285,82142,13,82143,1713],{"href":39718},[15,82144,37207],{},[33,82146,82147],{},[285,82148,13,82149,1713],{"href":64489},[15,82150,24403],{},[33,82152,82153],{},[285,82154,1739],{"href":1642},[33,82156,82157],{},[285,82158,1744],{"href":894},[33,82160,82161],{},[285,82162,1734],{"href":1646},[1751,82164,82165],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":82167},[82168,82169,82171,82172,82173,82175,82180,82187,82189,82196,82197,82206],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":79743,"depth":100,"text":82170},"What map() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":11085,"depth":100,"text":11086},{"id":80062,"depth":100,"text":82174},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80246,"depth":100,"text":82176,"children":82177},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82178],{"id":80434,"depth":122,"text":82179},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80591,"depth":100,"text":82181,"children":82182},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82183,82185,82186],{"id":80609,"depth":122,"text":82184},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80800,"depth":122,"text":80801},{"id":80893,"depth":122,"text":80894},{"id":81154,"depth":100,"text":82188},"When to use map()",{"id":1022,"depth":100,"text":1023,"children":82190},[82191,82193,82194,82195],{"id":81463,"depth":122,"text":82192},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81552,"depth":122,"text":81553},{"id":81673,"depth":122,"text":81674},{"id":81892,"depth":122,"text":81893},{"id":67536,"depth":100,"text":67537},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":82198},[82199,82201,82203,82205],{"id":82088,"depth":122,"text":82200},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82103,"depth":122,"text":82202},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82121,"depth":122,"text":82204},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82130,"depth":122,"text":82131},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79575,"description":82207},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82214,"title":82215,"body":82216,"description":84236,"extension":1791,"meta":84237,"navigation":346,"path":84238,"seo":84239,"stem":84240,"__hash__":84241},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82217,"toc":84194},[82218,82224,82229,82232,82240,82243,82245,82369,82371,82389,82391,82411,82416,82420,82434,82437,82440,82442,82447,82559,82562,82580,82586,82589,82651,82653,82662,82665,82679,82681,82729,82731,82740,82750,82756,82759,82786,82788,82796,82799,82802,82872,82874,82882,82885,82890,82895,82946,82948,82956,82959,82961,82978,82980,83032,83035,83041,83045,83050,83053,83057,83116,83118,83127,83133,83142,83146,83209,83211,83219,83224,83228,83233,83313,83315,83324,83331,83336,83341,83344,83379,83381,83389,83392,83398,83400,83450,83452,83461,83464,83482,83484,83489,83495,83502,83529,83531,83554,83559,83594,83599,83605,83610,83653,83656,83659,83698,83705,83711,83716,83731,83735,83742,83745,83749,83754,83758,83763,83765,83826,83828,83857,83862,83869,83878,83880,83883,83908,83910,84013,84016,84034,84043,84045,84050,84053,84059,84062,84064,84074,84080,84084,84142,84149,84157,84159,84191],[10,82219,13,82221,18],{"id":82220},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82222,82223],{},"max()",[20,82225,8728,82226,82228],{},[15,82227,82223],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82230,82231],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[30,82233,82234,82237],{},[33,82235,82236],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[33,82238,82239],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82241,82242],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[50,82244,1833],{"id":1832},[55,82246,82248],{"className":57,"code":82247,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82249,82250,82274,82289,82293,82319,82323,82355],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,82251,82252,82254,82256,82258,82260,82262,82264,82266,82268,82270,82272],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,82253,71],{"class":70},[64,82255,75],{"class":74},[64,82257,79],{"class":78},[64,82259,1892],{"class":82},[64,82261,86],{"class":78},[64,82263,5955],{"class":82},[64,82265,86],{"class":78},[64,82267,89],{"class":82},[64,82269,86],{"class":78},[64,82271,1112],{"class":82},[64,82273,97],{"class":78},[64,82275,82276,82278,82280,82283,82285,82287],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,82277,125],{"class":108},[64,82279,112],{"class":78},[64,82281,82282],{"class":108},"max",[64,82284,112],{"class":78},[64,82286,116],{"class":115},[64,82288,471],{"class":78},[64,82290,82291],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,82292,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,82294,82295,82297,82299,82301,82303,82305,82307,82309,82311,82313,82315,82317],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,82296,125],{"class":108},[64,82298,112],{"class":78},[64,82300,82282],{"class":108},[64,82302,112],{"class":78},[64,82304,1892],{"class":82},[64,82306,86],{"class":78},[64,82308,5955],{"class":82},[64,82310,86],{"class":78},[64,82312,89],{"class":82},[64,82314,86],{"class":78},[64,82316,1112],{"class":82},[64,82318,471],{"class":78},[64,82320,82321],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,82322,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,82324,82325,82327,82329,82331,82333,82335,82337,82339,82341,82343,82345,82347,82349,82351,82353],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,82326,567],{"class":70},[64,82328,75],{"class":74},[64,82330,79],{"class":78},[64,82332,2686],{"class":320},[64,82334,576],{"class":329},[64,82336,2686],{"class":320},[64,82338,86],{"class":78},[64,82340,3184],{"class":320},[64,82342,585],{"class":329},[64,82344,2686],{"class":320},[64,82346,86],{"class":78},[64,82348,3184],{"class":320},[64,82350,78386],{"class":329},[64,82352,2686],{"class":320},[64,82354,97],{"class":78},[64,82356,82357,82359,82361,82363,82365,82367],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,82358,125],{"class":108},[64,82360,112],{"class":78},[64,82362,82282],{"class":108},[64,82364,112],{"class":78},[64,82366,611],{"class":115},[64,82368,471],{"class":78},[20,82370,384],{},[55,82372,82374],{"className":57,"code":82373,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82375,82376,82380,82384],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,82377,82378],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,82379,2211],{"class":82},[64,82381,82382],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,82383,2211],{"class":82},[64,82385,82386],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,82387,82388],{"class":70},"pear\n",[20,82390,19577],{},[30,82392,82393,82399,82405],{},[33,82394,82395,82398],{},[15,82396,82397],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[33,82400,82401,82404],{},[15,82402,82403],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[33,82406,82407,82410],{},[15,82408,82409],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[50,82412,152,82414,155],{"id":82413},"what-max-does",[15,82415,82223],{},[20,82417,82418,160],{},[15,82419,82223],{},[30,82421,82422,82425,82428,82431],{},[33,82423,82424],{},"Returns the largest item",[33,82426,82427],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[33,82429,82430],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[33,82432,82433],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82435,82436],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82438,82439],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[50,82441,1988],{"id":1987},[20,82443,82444,82445,160],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82446,82223],{},[55,82448,82450],{"className":57,"code":82449,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82451,82452,82462,82486,82508,82531],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,82453,82454,82456,82458,82460],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,82455,82282],{"class":108},[64,82457,112],{"class":78},[64,82459,197],{"class":115},[64,82461,119],{"class":78},[64,82463,82464,82466,82468,82470,82472,82475,82477,82479,82481,82484],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,82465,82282],{"class":108},[64,82467,112],{"class":78},[64,82469,197],{"class":115},[64,82471,86],{"class":78},[64,82473,82474],{"class":74}," *",[64,82476,86],{"class":78},[64,82478,21200],{"class":8781},[64,82480,75],{"class":74},[64,82482,82483],{"class":115},"func",[64,82485,119],{"class":78},[64,82487,82488,82490,82492,82494,82496,82498,82500,82502,82504,82506],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,82489,82282],{"class":108},[64,82491,112],{"class":78},[64,82493,197],{"class":115},[64,82495,86],{"class":78},[64,82497,82474],{"class":74},[64,82499,86],{"class":78},[64,82501,26146],{"class":8781},[64,82503,75],{"class":74},[64,82505,2302],{"class":115},[64,82507,119],{"class":78},[64,82509,82510,82512,82514,82517,82519,82522,82524,82526,82529],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,82511,82282],{"class":108},[64,82513,112],{"class":78},[64,82515,82516],{"class":115},"arg1",[64,82518,86],{"class":78},[64,82520,82521],{"class":115}," arg2",[64,82523,86],{"class":78},[64,82525,82474],{"class":74},[64,82527,82528],{"class":115},"args",[64,82530,119],{"class":78},[64,82532,82533,82535,82537,82539,82541,82543,82545,82547,82549,82551,82553,82555,82557],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,82534,82282],{"class":108},[64,82536,112],{"class":78},[64,82538,82516],{"class":115},[64,82540,86],{"class":78},[64,82542,82521],{"class":115},[64,82544,86],{"class":78},[64,82546,82474],{"class":74},[64,82548,82528],{"class":115},[64,82550,86],{"class":78},[64,82552,21200],{"class":8781},[64,82554,75],{"class":74},[64,82556,82483],{"class":115},[64,82558,119],{"class":78},[20,82560,82561],{},"The most important parts are:",[30,82563,82564,82569,82574],{},[33,82565,82566,82568],{},[15,82567,197],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[33,82570,82571,82573],{},[15,82572,14457],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[33,82575,82576,82579],{},[15,82577,82578],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[50,82581,8020,82583,82585],{"id":82582},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82584,82223],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82587,82588],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[55,82590,82592],{"className":57,"code":82591,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82593,82594,82620,82636,82640],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,82595,82596,82598,82600,82602,82605,82607,82609,82611,82613,82615,82618],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,82597,1574],{"class":70},[64,82599,75],{"class":74},[64,82601,79],{"class":78},[64,82603,82604],{"class":82},"72",[64,82606,86],{"class":78},[64,82608,51148],{"class":82},[64,82610,86],{"class":78},[64,82612,13122],{"class":82},[64,82614,86],{"class":78},[64,82616,82617],{"class":82}," 66",[64,82619,97],{"class":78},[64,82621,82622,82625,82627,82630,82632,82634],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,82623,82624],{"class":70},"highest_score ",[64,82626,75],{"class":74},[64,82628,82629],{"class":108}," max",[64,82631,112],{"class":78},[64,82633,16006],{"class":115},[64,82635,119],{"class":78},[64,82637,82638],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,82639,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,82641,82642,82644,82646,82649],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,82643,125],{"class":108},[64,82645,112],{"class":78},[64,82647,82648],{"class":115},"highest_score",[64,82650,119],{"class":78},[20,82652,384],{},[55,82654,82656],{"className":57,"code":82655,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"91\n",[15,82657,82658],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,82659,82660],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,82661,82655],{"class":82},[20,82663,82664],{},"This works well for:",[30,82666,82667,82670,82673,82676],{},[33,82668,82669],{},"Scores",[33,82671,82672],{},"Prices",[33,82674,82675],{},"Ages",[33,82677,82678],{},"Counts",[20,82680,51718],{},[55,82682,82684],{"className":57,"code":82683,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82685,82686,82714],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,82687,82688,82691,82693,82695,82697,82699,82702,82704,82707,82709,82712],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,82689,82690],{"class":70},"prices ",[64,82692,75],{"class":74},[64,82694,79],{"class":78},[64,82696,40031],{"class":82},[64,82698,86],{"class":78},[64,82700,82701],{"class":82}," 5.50",[64,82703,86],{"class":78},[64,82705,82706],{"class":82}," 12.75",[64,82708,86],{"class":78},[64,82710,82711],{"class":82}," 29.00",[64,82713,97],{"class":78},[64,82715,82716,82718,82720,82722,82724,82727],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,82717,125],{"class":108},[64,82719,112],{"class":78},[64,82721,82282],{"class":108},[64,82723,112],{"class":78},[64,82725,82726],{"class":115},"prices",[64,82728,471],{"class":78},[20,82730,384],{},[55,82732,82734],{"className":57,"code":82733,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"29.0\n",[15,82735,82736],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,82737,82738],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,82739,82733],{"class":82},[20,82741,82742,82743,82745,82746,148],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82744,82223],{}," is simpler than ",[285,82747,82748],{"href":74163},[15,82749,74066],{},[50,82751,8020,82753,82755],{"id":82752},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82754,82223],{}," with separate values",[20,82757,82758],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[55,82760,82762],{"className":57,"code":82761,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82763,82764],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,82765,82766,82768,82770,82772,82774,82776,82778,82780,82782,82784],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,82767,125],{"class":108},[64,82769,112],{"class":78},[64,82771,82282],{"class":108},[64,82773,112],{"class":78},[64,82775,2334],{"class":82},[64,82777,86],{"class":78},[64,82779,30568],{"class":82},[64,82781,86],{"class":78},[64,82783,5588],{"class":82},[64,82785,471],{"class":78},[20,82787,384],{},[55,82789,82790],{"className":57,"code":2055,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,82791,82792],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,82793,82794],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,82795,2055],{"class":82},[20,82797,82798],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,82800,82801],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[55,82803,82805],{"className":57,"code":82804,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,82806,82807,82816,82824,82834,82838,82861],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,82808,82809,82811,82813],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,82810,2384],{"class":70},[64,82812,75],{"class":74},[64,82814,82815],{"class":82}," 15\n",[64,82817,82818,82820,82822],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,82819,2412],{"class":70},[64,82821,75],{"class":74},[64,82823,2599],{"class":82},[64,82825,82826,82829,82831],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,82827,82828],{"class":70},"c ",[64,82830,75],{"class":74},[64,82832,82833],{"class":82}," 27\n",[64,82835,82836],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,82837,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,82839,82840,82843,82845,82847,82849,82851,82853,82855,82857,82859],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,82841,82842],{"class":70},"largest ",[64,82844,75],{"class":74},[64,82846,82629],{"class":108},[64,82848,112],{"class":78},[64,82850,285],{"class":115},[64,82852,86],{"class":78},[64,82854,2389],{"class":115},[64,82856,86],{"class":78},[64,82858,9288],{"class":115},[64,82860,119],{"class":78},[64,82862,82863,82865,82867,82870],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,82864,125],{"class":108},[64,82866,112],{"class":78},[64,82868,82869],{"class":115},"largest",[64,82871,119],{"class":78},[20,82873,384],{},[55,82875,82876],{"className":57,"code":46248,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,82877,82878],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,82879,82880],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,82881,46248],{"class":82},[20,82883,82884],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[50,82886,8020,82888,46695],{"id":82887},"using-max-with-strings",[15,82889,82223],{},[20,82891,82892,82894],{},[15,82893,82223],{}," can compare strings too.",[55,82896,82898],{"className":57,"code":82897,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82899,82900,82932],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,82901,82902,82904,82906,82908,82910,82912,82914,82916,82918,82920,82922,82924,82926,82928,82930],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,82903,567],{"class":70},[64,82905,75],{"class":74},[64,82907,79],{"class":78},[64,82909,2686],{"class":320},[64,82911,576],{"class":329},[64,82913,2686],{"class":320},[64,82915,86],{"class":78},[64,82917,3184],{"class":320},[64,82919,585],{"class":329},[64,82921,2686],{"class":320},[64,82923,86],{"class":78},[64,82925,3184],{"class":320},[64,82927,78386],{"class":329},[64,82929,2686],{"class":320},[64,82931,97],{"class":78},[64,82933,82934,82936,82938,82940,82942,82944],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,82935,125],{"class":108},[64,82937,112],{"class":78},[64,82939,82282],{"class":108},[64,82941,112],{"class":78},[64,82943,611],{"class":115},[64,82945,471],{"class":78},[20,82947,384],{},[55,82949,82950],{"className":57,"code":82388,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,82951,82952],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,82953,82954],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,82955,82388],{"class":70},[20,82957,82958],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,82960,67925],{},[30,82962,82963,82972,82975],{},[33,82964,82965,82968,82969,82971],{},[15,82966,82967],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,82970,64916],{}," alphabetically",[33,82973,82974],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[33,82976,82977],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,82979,916],{},[55,82981,82983],{"className":57,"code":82982,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82984,82985,83018],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,82986,82987,82989,82991,82993,82995,82997,82999,83001,83003,83006,83008,83010,83012,83014,83016],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,82988,567],{"class":70},[64,82990,75],{"class":74},[64,82992,79],{"class":78},[64,82994,2686],{"class":320},[64,82996,576],{"class":329},[64,82998,2686],{"class":320},[64,83000,86],{"class":78},[64,83002,3184],{"class":320},[64,83004,83005],{"class":329},"Banana",[64,83007,2686],{"class":320},[64,83009,86],{"class":78},[64,83011,3184],{"class":320},[64,83013,78386],{"class":329},[64,83015,2686],{"class":320},[64,83017,97],{"class":78},[64,83019,83020,83022,83024,83026,83028,83030],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,83021,125],{"class":108},[64,83023,112],{"class":78},[64,83025,82282],{"class":108},[64,83027,112],{"class":78},[64,83029,611],{"class":115},[64,83031,471],{"class":78},[20,83033,83034],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83036,83037,83038,83040],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83039,14457],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[50,83042,36243,83043,36246],{"id":78344},[15,83044,14457],{},[20,83046,1808,83047,83049],{},[15,83048,14457],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83051,83052],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[428,83054,83056],{"id":83055},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[55,83058,83060],{"className":57,"code":83059,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83061,83062,83094],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,83063,83064,83066,83068,83070,83072,83074,83076,83078,83080,83082,83084,83086,83088,83090,83092],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83065,567],{"class":70},[64,83067,75],{"class":74},[64,83069,79],{"class":78},[64,83071,2686],{"class":320},[64,83073,36678],{"class":329},[64,83075,2686],{"class":320},[64,83077,86],{"class":78},[64,83079,3184],{"class":320},[64,83081,67968],{"class":329},[64,83083,2686],{"class":320},[64,83085,86],{"class":78},[64,83087,3184],{"class":320},[64,83089,57767],{"class":329},[64,83091,2686],{"class":320},[64,83093,97],{"class":78},[64,83095,83096,83098,83100,83102,83104,83106,83108,83110,83112,83114],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,83097,125],{"class":108},[64,83099,112],{"class":78},[64,83101,82282],{"class":108},[64,83103,112],{"class":78},[64,83105,611],{"class":115},[64,83107,86],{"class":78},[64,83109,21200],{"class":8781},[64,83111,75],{"class":74},[64,83113,10771],{"class":108},[64,83115,471],{"class":78},[20,83117,384],{},[55,83119,83121],{"className":57,"code":83120,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"elephant\n",[15,83122,83123],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,83124,83125],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83126,83120],{"class":70},[20,83128,20391,83129,83132],{},[15,83130,83131],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83134,83135,83136,33255,83138,148],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83137,41995],{},[285,83139,83140,5377],{"href":41992},[15,83141,41995],{},[428,83143,83145],{"id":83144},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[55,83147,83149],{"className":57,"code":83148,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83150,83151,83183],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,83152,83153,83155,83157,83159,83161,83163,83165,83167,83169,83171,83173,83175,83177,83179,83181],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83154,567],{"class":70},[64,83156,75],{"class":74},[64,83158,79],{"class":78},[64,83160,2686],{"class":320},[64,83162,576],{"class":329},[64,83164,2686],{"class":320},[64,83166,86],{"class":78},[64,83168,3184],{"class":320},[64,83170,83005],{"class":329},[64,83172,2686],{"class":320},[64,83174,86],{"class":78},[64,83176,3184],{"class":320},[64,83178,78386],{"class":329},[64,83180,2686],{"class":320},[64,83182,97],{"class":78},[64,83184,83185,83187,83189,83191,83193,83195,83197,83199,83201,83203,83205,83207],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,83186,125],{"class":108},[64,83188,112],{"class":78},[64,83190,82282],{"class":108},[64,83192,112],{"class":78},[64,83194,611],{"class":115},[64,83196,86],{"class":78},[64,83198,21200],{"class":8781},[64,83200,75],{"class":74},[64,83202,3276],{"class":357},[64,83204,148],{"class":78},[64,83206,8244],{"class":24372},[64,83208,471],{"class":78},[20,83210,384],{},[55,83212,83213],{"className":57,"code":82388,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,83214,83215],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,83216,83217],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83218,82388],{"class":70},[20,83220,20391,83221,83223],{},[15,83222,78340],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[428,83225,83227],{"id":83226},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83229,83230,83231,160],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83232,37291],{},[55,83234,83236],{"className":57,"code":83235,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83237,83238,83281],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,83239,83240,83242,83244,83246,83248,83250,83252,83254,83256,83259,83261,83263,83265,83268,83270,83272,83274,83277,83279],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83241,7379],{"class":70},[64,83243,75],{"class":74},[64,83245,79],{"class":78},[64,83247,2686],{"class":320},[64,83249,285],{"class":329},[64,83251,2686],{"class":320},[64,83253,86],{"class":78},[64,83255,3184],{"class":320},[64,83257,83258],{"class":329},"bb",[64,83260,2686],{"class":320},[64,83262,86],{"class":78},[64,83264,3184],{"class":320},[64,83266,83267],{"class":329},"cccc",[64,83269,2686],{"class":320},[64,83271,86],{"class":78},[64,83273,3184],{"class":320},[64,83275,83276],{"class":329},"ddd",[64,83278,2686],{"class":320},[64,83280,97],{"class":78},[64,83282,83283,83285,83287,83289,83291,83293,83295,83297,83299,83301,83303,83305,83307,83309,83311],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,83284,125],{"class":108},[64,83286,112],{"class":78},[64,83288,82282],{"class":108},[64,83290,112],{"class":78},[64,83292,7410],{"class":115},[64,83294,86],{"class":78},[64,83296,21200],{"class":8781},[64,83298,75],{"class":74},[64,83300,37291],{"class":1895},[64,83302,42476],{"class":37294},[64,83304,160],{"class":78},[64,83306,38018],{"class":108},[64,83308,112],{"class":78},[64,83310,34336],{"class":115},[64,83312,2744],{"class":78},[20,83314,384],{},[55,83316,83318],{"className":57,"code":83317,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"cccc\n",[15,83319,83320],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,83321,83322],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83323,83317],{"class":70},[20,83325,49187,83326,896,83328,83330],{},[15,83327,83131],{},[15,83329,78227],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[50,83332,36243,83334,36246],{"id":83333},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83335,82578],{},[20,83337,1808,83338,83340],{},[15,83339,82578],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83342,83343],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[55,83345,83347],{"className":57,"code":83346,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83348,83349,83357],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,83350,83351,83353,83355],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83352,71],{"class":70},[64,83354,75],{"class":74},[64,83356,7439],{"class":78},[64,83358,83359,83361,83363,83365,83367,83369,83371,83373,83375,83377],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,83360,125],{"class":108},[64,83362,112],{"class":78},[64,83364,82282],{"class":108},[64,83366,112],{"class":78},[64,83368,116],{"class":115},[64,83370,86],{"class":78},[64,83372,26146],{"class":8781},[64,83374,75],{"class":74},[64,83376,243],{"class":82},[64,83378,471],{"class":78},[20,83380,384],{},[55,83382,83383],{"className":57,"code":46888,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,83384,83385],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,83386,83387],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83388,46888],{"class":82},[20,83390,83391],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83393,83394,83395,83397],{},"Without ",[15,83396,82578],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83399,51718],{},[55,83401,83403],{"className":57,"code":83402,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83404,83405,83413,83440],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,83406,83407,83409,83411],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83408,567],{"class":70},[64,83410,75],{"class":74},[64,83412,7439],{"class":78},[64,83414,83415,83417,83419,83421,83423,83425,83427,83429,83431,83433,83436,83438],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,83416,103],{"class":70},[64,83418,75],{"class":74},[64,83420,82629],{"class":108},[64,83422,112],{"class":78},[64,83424,611],{"class":115},[64,83426,86],{"class":78},[64,83428,26146],{"class":8781},[64,83430,75],{"class":74},[64,83432,2686],{"class":320},[64,83434,83435],{"class":329},"no words found",[64,83437,2686],{"class":320},[64,83439,119],{"class":78},[64,83441,83442,83444,83446,83448],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,83443,125],{"class":108},[64,83445,112],{"class":78},[64,83447,130],{"class":115},[64,83449,119],{"class":78},[20,83451,384],{},[55,83453,83455],{"className":57,"code":83454,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"no words found\n",[15,83456,83457],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,83458,83459],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83460,83454],{"class":70},[20,83462,83463],{},"Important:",[30,83465,83466,83474],{},[33,83467,83468,83470,83471],{},[15,83469,82578],{}," works with ",[15,83472,83473],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[33,83475,40539,83476,83478,83479],{},[221,83477,1138],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83480,83481],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[50,83483,47623],{"id":47622},[20,83485,83486,83487,148],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83488,82223],{},[428,83490,83492,83494],{"id":83491},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83493,40337],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83496,83497,83498,45544,83500,148],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83499,82578],{},[15,83501,40337],{},[55,83503,83505],{"className":57,"code":83504,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83506,83507,83515],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,83508,83509,83511,83513],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83510,71],{"class":70},[64,83512,75],{"class":74},[64,83514,7439],{"class":78},[64,83516,83517,83519,83521,83523,83525,83527],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,83518,125],{"class":108},[64,83520,112],{"class":78},[64,83522,82282],{"class":108},[64,83524,112],{"class":78},[64,83526,116],{"class":115},[64,83528,471],{"class":78},[20,83530,29305],{},[55,83532,83534],{"className":57,"code":83533,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83535,83536],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,83537,83538,83540,83542,83544,83546,83549,83551],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83539,40337],{"class":357},[64,83541,160],{"class":78},[64,83543,82629],{"class":108},[64,83545,6964],{"class":78},[64,83547,83548],{"class":70}," arg ",[64,83550,11806],{"class":74},[64,83552,83553],{"class":70}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83555,83556,83557,160],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83558,82578],{},[55,83560,83562],{"className":57,"code":83561,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83563,83564,83572],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,83565,83566,83568,83570],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83567,71],{"class":70},[64,83569,75],{"class":74},[64,83571,7439],{"class":78},[64,83573,83574,83576,83578,83580,83582,83584,83586,83588,83590,83592],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,83575,125],{"class":108},[64,83577,112],{"class":78},[64,83579,82282],{"class":108},[64,83581,112],{"class":78},[64,83583,116],{"class":115},[64,83585,86],{"class":78},[64,83587,26146],{"class":8781},[64,83589,75],{"class":74},[64,83591,258],{"class":338},[64,83593,471],{"class":78},[20,83595,83596,83597,148],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[285,83598,65481],{"href":72520},[428,83600,83602,83604],{"id":83601},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83603,2835],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83606,83607,83608,148],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83609,2835],{},[55,83611,83613],{"className":57,"code":83612,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83614,83615,83639],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,83616,83617,83619,83621,83623,83625,83627,83629,83631,83633,83635,83637],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83618,7379],{"class":70},[64,83620,75],{"class":74},[64,83622,79],{"class":78},[64,83624,2160],{"class":82},[64,83626,86],{"class":78},[64,83628,3184],{"class":320},[64,83630,15371],{"class":329},[64,83632,2686],{"class":320},[64,83634,86],{"class":78},[64,83636,7395],{"class":82},[64,83638,97],{"class":78},[64,83640,83641,83643,83645,83647,83649,83651],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,83642,125],{"class":108},[64,83644,112],{"class":78},[64,83646,82282],{"class":108},[64,83648,112],{"class":78},[64,83650,7410],{"class":115},[64,83652,471],{"class":78},[20,83654,83655],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83657,83658],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[55,83660,83662],{"className":57,"code":83661,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83663,83664,83684],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,83665,83666,83668,83670,83672,83674,83676,83678,83680,83682],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83667,7379],{"class":70},[64,83669,75],{"class":74},[64,83671,79],{"class":78},[64,83673,2160],{"class":82},[64,83675,86],{"class":78},[64,83677,7390],{"class":82},[64,83679,86],{"class":78},[64,83681,7395],{"class":82},[64,83683,97],{"class":78},[64,83685,83686,83688,83690,83692,83694,83696],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,83687,125],{"class":108},[64,83689,112],{"class":78},[64,83691,82282],{"class":108},[64,83693,112],{"class":78},[64,83695,7410],{"class":115},[64,83697,471],{"class":78},[20,83699,83700,83701,148],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[285,83702,83704],{"href":83703},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[428,83706,83708,83710],{"id":83707},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83709,2835],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83712,83713,83715],{},[15,83714,82223],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[55,83717,83719],{"className":57,"code":83718,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(max())\n",[15,83720,83721],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,83722,83723,83725,83727,83729],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83724,125],{"class":108},[64,83726,112],{"class":78},[64,83728,82282],{"class":108},[64,83730,6792],{"class":78},[20,83732,2832,83733,148],{},[15,83734,2835],{},[50,83736,83738,10193,83740],{"id":83737},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83739,82223],{},[15,83741,74066],{},[20,83743,83744],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83746,83747,160],{},[15,83748,82223],{},[30,83750,83751],{},[33,83752,83753],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83755,83756,160],{},[15,83757,74066],{},[30,83759,83760],{},[33,83761,83762],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83764,916],{},[55,83766,83768],{"className":57,"code":83767,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83769,83770,83794,83798,83812],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,83771,83772,83774,83776,83778,83780,83782,83784,83786,83788,83790,83792],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83773,71],{"class":70},[64,83775,75],{"class":74},[64,83777,79],{"class":78},[64,83779,1892],{"class":82},[64,83781,86],{"class":78},[64,83783,5955],{"class":82},[64,83785,86],{"class":78},[64,83787,89],{"class":82},[64,83789,86],{"class":78},[64,83791,1112],{"class":82},[64,83793,97],{"class":78},[64,83795,83796],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,83797,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,83799,83800,83802,83804,83806,83808,83810],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,83801,125],{"class":108},[64,83803,112],{"class":78},[64,83805,82282],{"class":108},[64,83807,112],{"class":78},[64,83809,116],{"class":115},[64,83811,471],{"class":78},[64,83813,83814,83816,83818,83820,83822,83824],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,83815,125],{"class":108},[64,83817,112],{"class":78},[64,83819,74156],{"class":108},[64,83821,112],{"class":78},[64,83823,116],{"class":115},[64,83825,471],{"class":78},[20,83827,384],{},[55,83829,83831],{"className":57,"code":83830,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,83832,83833,83837],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,83834,83835],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83836,2211],{"class":82},[64,83838,83839,83841,83843,83845,83847,83849,83851,83853,83855],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,83840,394],{"class":78},[64,83842,815],{"class":82},[64,83844,86],{"class":78},[64,83846,94],{"class":82},[64,83848,86],{"class":78},[64,83850,1112],{"class":82},[64,83852,86],{"class":78},[64,83854,5955],{"class":82},[64,83856,97],{"class":78},[20,83858,1923,83859,83861],{},[15,83860,82223],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,83863,1923,83864,83868],{},[285,83865,83866],{"href":74163},[15,83867,74066],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,83870,83871,83872,148],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[285,83873,83875],{"href":83874},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,83876,83877],{},"min()",[50,83879,2661],{"id":2660},[20,83881,83882],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[30,83884,83885,83892,83895,83900,83903],{},[33,83886,29274,83887,83889,83890],{},[15,83888,82223],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,83891,82578],{},[33,83893,83894],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[33,83896,8056,83897,83899],{},[15,83898,82223],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[33,83901,83902],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[33,83904,8020,83905,83907],{},[15,83906,82578],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,83909,10722],{},[55,83911,83913],{"className":57,"code":83912,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,83914,83915,83925,83939,83953,83967,83989],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,83916,83917,83919,83921,83923],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,83918,125],{"class":108},[64,83920,112],{"class":78},[64,83922,7410],{"class":115},[64,83924,119],{"class":78},[64,83926,83927,83929,83931,83933,83935,83937],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,83928,125],{"class":108},[64,83930,112],{"class":78},[64,83932,3052],{"class":357},[64,83934,112],{"class":78},[64,83936,7410],{"class":115},[64,83938,471],{"class":78},[64,83940,83941,83943,83945,83947,83949,83951],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,83942,125],{"class":108},[64,83944,112],{"class":78},[64,83946,10771],{"class":108},[64,83948,112],{"class":78},[64,83950,7410],{"class":115},[64,83952,471],{"class":78},[64,83954,83955,83957,83959,83961,83963,83965],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,83956,125],{"class":108},[64,83958,112],{"class":78},[64,83960,82282],{"class":108},[64,83962,112],{"class":78},[64,83964,7410],{"class":115},[64,83966,471],{"class":78},[64,83968,83969,83971,83973,83975,83977,83979,83981,83983,83985,83987],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,83970,125],{"class":108},[64,83972,112],{"class":78},[64,83974,82282],{"class":108},[64,83976,112],{"class":78},[64,83978,7410],{"class":115},[64,83980,86],{"class":78},[64,83982,26146],{"class":8781},[64,83984,75],{"class":74},[64,83986,258],{"class":338},[64,83988,471],{"class":78},[64,83990,83991,83993,83995,83997,83999,84001,84003,84005,84007,84009,84011],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,83992,125],{"class":108},[64,83994,354],{"class":78},[64,83996,3052],{"class":357},[64,83998,112],{"class":78},[64,84000,363],{"class":115},[64,84002,133],{"class":78},[64,84004,369],{"class":368},[64,84006,372],{"class":115},[64,84008,375],{"class":368},[64,84010,5560],{"class":115},[64,84012,381],{"class":78},[20,84014,84015],{},"These are useful for checking:",[30,84017,84018,84023,84028,84031],{},[33,84019,84020,84021],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84022,7410],{},[33,84024,79393,84025,84027],{},[15,84026,7410],{}," is a list or some other type",[33,84029,84030],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[33,84032,84033],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84035,68989,84036,84039,84040,84042],{},[15,84037,84038],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84041,7410],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[50,84044,1651],{"id":1650},[428,84046,1655,84048,1658],{"id":84047},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84049,82223],{},[20,84051,84052],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[428,84054,1684,84056,84058],{"id":84055},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84057,82223],{}," work with strings?",[20,84060,84061],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[428,84063,71288],{"id":71287},[20,84065,84066,52133,84068,84070,84071,84073],{},[15,84067,82223],{},[15,84069,40337],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84072,82578],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[428,84075,84077,84078,1677],{"id":84076},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84079,82223],{},[20,84081,1923,84082,160],{},[15,84083,83131],{},[55,84085,84086],{"className":57,"code":83059,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,84087,84088,84120],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,84089,84090,84092,84094,84096,84098,84100,84102,84104,84106,84108,84110,84112,84114,84116,84118],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84091,567],{"class":70},[64,84093,75],{"class":74},[64,84095,79],{"class":78},[64,84097,2686],{"class":320},[64,84099,36678],{"class":329},[64,84101,2686],{"class":320},[64,84103,86],{"class":78},[64,84105,3184],{"class":320},[64,84107,67968],{"class":329},[64,84109,2686],{"class":320},[64,84111,86],{"class":78},[64,84113,3184],{"class":320},[64,84115,57767],{"class":329},[64,84117,2686],{"class":320},[64,84119,97],{"class":78},[64,84121,84122,84124,84126,84128,84130,84132,84134,84136,84138,84140],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,84123,125],{"class":108},[64,84125,112],{"class":78},[64,84127,82282],{"class":108},[64,84129,112],{"class":78},[64,84131,611],{"class":115},[64,84133,86],{"class":78},[64,84135,21200],{"class":8781},[64,84137,75],{"class":74},[64,84139,10771],{"class":108},[64,84141,471],{"class":78},[428,84143,1694,84145,896,84147,1677],{"id":84144},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84146,82223],{},[15,84148,74066],{},[20,84150,84151,84153,84154,84156],{},[15,84152,82223],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84155,74066],{}," returns all items in order.",[50,84158,1717],{"id":1716},[30,84160,84161,84167,84173,84179,84183,84187],{},[33,84162,84163],{},[285,84164,84165,1713],{"href":83874},[15,84166,83877],{},[33,84168,84169],{},[285,84170,84171,1713],{"href":74163},[15,84172,74066],{},[33,84174,84175],{},[285,84176,84177,1713],{"href":41992},[15,84178,41995],{},[33,84180,84181],{},[285,84182,58596],{"href":58595},[33,84184,84185],{},[285,84186,65481],{"href":72520},[33,84188,84189],{},[285,84190,83704],{"href":83703},[1751,84192,84193],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":84195},[84196,84197,84199,84200,84202,84204,84206,84211,84213,84221,84223,84224,84235],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":82413,"depth":100,"text":84198},"What max() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":82582,"depth":100,"text":84201},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82752,"depth":100,"text":84203},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":82887,"depth":100,"text":84205},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78344,"depth":100,"text":79542,"children":84207},[84208,84209,84210],{"id":83055,"depth":122,"text":83056},{"id":83144,"depth":122,"text":83145},{"id":83226,"depth":122,"text":83227},{"id":83333,"depth":100,"text":84212},"Using the default argument",{"id":47622,"depth":100,"text":47623,"children":84214},[84215,84217,84219],{"id":83491,"depth":122,"text":84216},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83601,"depth":122,"text":84218},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83707,"depth":122,"text":84220},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83737,"depth":100,"text":84222},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":84225},[84226,84228,84230,84231,84233],{"id":84047,"depth":122,"text":84227},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84055,"depth":122,"text":84229},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71287,"depth":122,"text":71288},{"id":84076,"depth":122,"text":84232},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84144,"depth":122,"text":84234},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82215,"description":84236},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84243,"title":84244,"body":84245,"description":86199,"extension":1791,"meta":86200,"navigation":346,"path":86201,"seo":86202,"stem":86203,"__hash__":86204},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84246,"toc":86156},[84247,84252,84257,84263,84265,84339,84341,84354,84359,84364,84380,84384,84389,84465,84471,84474,84517,84519,84527,84533,84536,84567,84569,84577,84583,84588,84647,84649,84658,84661,84671,84677,84682,84717,84719,84727,84733,84739,84744,84788,84790,84799,84802,84842,84844,84853,84856,84868,84873,84878,84929,84931,84940,84943,84994,84996,85005,85008,85015,85021,85026,85028,85043,85047,85107,85109,85118,85122,85294,85296,85333,85340,85346,85349,85376,85378,85399,85404,85439,85441,85449,85452,85455,85471,85476,85478,85482,85488,85492,85519,85522,85532,85572,85576,85579,85622,85624,85633,85636,85641,85710,85712,85720,85725,85729,85732,85783,85785,85793,85796,85859,85861,85869,85872,85877,85881,85894,85901,85909,85911,85913,85943,85949,86050,86060,86062,86067,86070,86075,86078,86080,86088,86096,86104,86111,86119,86121,86153],[10,84248,13,84250,18],{"id":84249},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84251,83877],{},[20,84253,84254,84256],{},[15,84255,83877],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84258,84259,84260,84262],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84261,83877],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[50,84264,1833],{"id":1832},[55,84266,84268],{"className":57,"code":84267,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84269,84270,84294,84309,84313],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,84271,84272,84274,84276,84278,84280,84282,84284,84286,84288,84290,84292],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84273,71],{"class":70},[64,84275,75],{"class":74},[64,84277,79],{"class":78},[64,84279,1107],{"class":82},[64,84281,86],{"class":78},[64,84283,89],{"class":82},[64,84285,86],{"class":78},[64,84287,53775],{"class":82},[64,84289,86],{"class":78},[64,84291,5091],{"class":82},[64,84293,97],{"class":78},[64,84295,84296,84298,84300,84303,84305,84307],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,84297,125],{"class":108},[64,84299,112],{"class":78},[64,84301,84302],{"class":108},"min",[64,84304,112],{"class":78},[64,84306,116],{"class":115},[64,84308,471],{"class":78},[64,84310,84311],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,84312,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,84314,84315,84317,84319,84321,84323,84325,84327,84329,84331,84333,84335,84337],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,84316,125],{"class":108},[64,84318,112],{"class":78},[64,84320,84302],{"class":108},[64,84322,112],{"class":78},[64,84324,1107],{"class":82},[64,84326,86],{"class":78},[64,84328,89],{"class":82},[64,84330,86],{"class":78},[64,84332,53775],{"class":82},[64,84334,86],{"class":78},[64,84336,5091],{"class":82},[64,84338,471],{"class":78},[20,84340,384],{},[55,84342,84344],{"className":57,"code":84343,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"1\n1\n",[15,84345,84346,84350],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,84347,84348],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84349,46553],{"class":82},[64,84351,84352],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,84353,46553],{"class":82},[20,84355,1923,84356,84358],{},[15,84357,83877],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[50,84360,152,84362,155],{"id":84361},"what-min-does",[15,84363,83877],{},[30,84365,84366,84371,84374,84377],{},[33,84367,84368,84370],{},[15,84369,83877],{}," returns the smallest item",[33,84372,84373],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[33,84375,84376],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[33,84378,84379],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[50,84381,84383],{"id":84382},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84385,84386,84387,160],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84388,83877],{},[55,84390,84392],{"className":57,"code":84391,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84393,84394,84404,84429,84447],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,84395,84396,84398,84400,84402],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84397,84302],{"class":108},[64,84399,112],{"class":78},[64,84401,197],{"class":115},[64,84403,119],{"class":78},[64,84405,84406,84408,84410,84413,84415,84418,84420,84423,84425,84427],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,84407,84302],{"class":108},[64,84409,112],{"class":78},[64,84411,84412],{"class":115},"value1",[64,84414,86],{"class":78},[64,84416,84417],{"class":115}," value2",[64,84419,86],{"class":78},[64,84421,84422],{"class":115}," value3",[64,84424,86],{"class":78},[64,84426,34081],{"class":108},[64,84428,119],{"class":78},[64,84430,84431,84433,84435,84437,84439,84441,84443,84445],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,84432,84302],{"class":108},[64,84434,112],{"class":78},[64,84436,197],{"class":115},[64,84438,86],{"class":78},[64,84440,21200],{"class":8781},[64,84442,75],{"class":74},[64,84444,37002],{"class":108},[64,84446,119],{"class":78},[64,84448,84449,84451,84453,84455,84457,84459,84461,84463],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,84450,84302],{"class":108},[64,84452,112],{"class":78},[64,84454,197],{"class":115},[64,84456,86],{"class":78},[64,84458,26146],{"class":8781},[64,84460,75],{"class":74},[64,84462,37002],{"class":108},[64,84464,119],{"class":78},[428,84466,84468],{"id":84467},"miniterable",[15,84469,84470],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84472,84473],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[55,84475,84477],{"className":57,"code":84476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84478,84479,84503],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,84480,84481,84483,84485,84487,84489,84491,84493,84495,84497,84499,84501],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84482,71],{"class":70},[64,84484,75],{"class":74},[64,84486,79],{"class":78},[64,84488,2175],{"class":82},[64,84490,86],{"class":78},[64,84492,94],{"class":82},[64,84494,86],{"class":78},[64,84496,30568],{"class":82},[64,84498,86],{"class":78},[64,84500,5091],{"class":82},[64,84502,97],{"class":78},[64,84504,84505,84507,84509,84511,84513,84515],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,84506,125],{"class":108},[64,84508,112],{"class":78},[64,84510,84302],{"class":108},[64,84512,112],{"class":78},[64,84514,116],{"class":115},[64,84516,471],{"class":78},[20,84518,384],{},[55,84520,84521],{"className":57,"code":46553,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,84522,84523],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,84524,84525],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84526,46553],{"class":82},[428,84528,84530],{"id":84529},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84531,84532],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84534,84535],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[55,84537,84539],{"className":57,"code":84538,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84540,84541],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,84542,84543,84545,84547,84549,84551,84553,84555,84557,84559,84561,84563,84565],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84544,125],{"class":108},[64,84546,112],{"class":78},[64,84548,84302],{"class":108},[64,84550,112],{"class":78},[64,84552,2175],{"class":82},[64,84554,86],{"class":78},[64,84556,94],{"class":82},[64,84558,86],{"class":78},[64,84560,30568],{"class":82},[64,84562,86],{"class":78},[64,84564,5091],{"class":82},[64,84566,471],{"class":78},[20,84568,384],{},[55,84570,84571],{"className":57,"code":46553,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,84572,84573],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,84574,84575],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84576,46553],{"class":82},[428,84578,84580],{"id":84579},"miniterable-key",[15,84581,84582],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84584,1923,84585,84587],{},[15,84586,14457],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[55,84589,84591],{"className":57,"code":84590,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84592,84593,84625],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,84594,84595,84597,84599,84601,84603,84605,84607,84609,84611,84613,84615,84617,84619,84621,84623],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84596,567],{"class":70},[64,84598,75],{"class":74},[64,84600,79],{"class":78},[64,84602,2686],{"class":320},[64,84604,78386],{"class":329},[64,84606,2686],{"class":320},[64,84608,86],{"class":78},[64,84610,3184],{"class":320},[64,84612,37973],{"class":329},[64,84614,2686],{"class":320},[64,84616,86],{"class":78},[64,84618,3184],{"class":320},[64,84620,585],{"class":329},[64,84622,2686],{"class":320},[64,84624,97],{"class":78},[64,84626,84627,84629,84631,84633,84635,84637,84639,84641,84643,84645],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,84628,125],{"class":108},[64,84630,112],{"class":78},[64,84632,84302],{"class":108},[64,84634,112],{"class":78},[64,84636,611],{"class":115},[64,84638,86],{"class":78},[64,84640,21200],{"class":8781},[64,84642,75],{"class":74},[64,84644,10771],{"class":108},[64,84646,471],{"class":78},[20,84648,384],{},[55,84650,84652],{"className":57,"code":84651,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"kiwi\n",[15,84653,84654],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,84655,84656],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84657,84651],{"class":70},[20,84659,84660],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84662,84663,84664,84666,84667,148],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84665,41995],{},", see the ",[285,84668,84669,1713],{"href":41992},[15,84670,41995],{},[428,84672,84674],{"id":84673},"miniterable-default",[15,84675,84676],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84678,1923,84679,84681],{},[15,84680,82578],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[55,84683,84685],{"className":57,"code":84684,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84686,84687,84695],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,84688,84689,84691,84693],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84690,71],{"class":70},[64,84692,75],{"class":74},[64,84694,7439],{"class":78},[64,84696,84697,84699,84701,84703,84705,84707,84709,84711,84713,84715],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,84698,125],{"class":108},[64,84700,112],{"class":78},[64,84702,84302],{"class":108},[64,84704,112],{"class":78},[64,84706,116],{"class":115},[64,84708,86],{"class":78},[64,84710,26146],{"class":8781},[64,84712,75],{"class":74},[64,84714,243],{"class":82},[64,84716,471],{"class":78},[20,84718,384],{},[55,84720,84721],{"className":57,"code":46888,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,84722,84723],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,84724,84725],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84726,46888],{"class":82},[20,84728,84729,84730,84732],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84731,40337],{}," when there is no item to return.",[50,84734,8020,84736,84738],{"id":84735},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84737,83877],{}," with numbers",[20,84740,84741,84743],{},[15,84742,83877],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[55,84745,84747],{"className":57,"code":84746,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84748,84749,84774],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,84750,84751,84753,84755,84757,84759,84761,84764,84766,84768,84770,84772],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84752,1574],{"class":70},[64,84754,75],{"class":74},[64,84756,79],{"class":78},[64,84758,51143],{"class":82},[64,84760,86],{"class":78},[64,84762,84763],{"class":82}," 72",[64,84765,86],{"class":78},[64,84767,28530],{"class":82},[64,84769,86],{"class":78},[64,84771,75742],{"class":82},[64,84773,97],{"class":78},[64,84775,84776,84778,84780,84782,84784,84786],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,84777,125],{"class":108},[64,84779,112],{"class":78},[64,84781,84302],{"class":108},[64,84783,112],{"class":78},[64,84785,16006],{"class":115},[64,84787,471],{"class":78},[20,84789,384],{},[55,84791,84793],{"className":57,"code":84792,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"60\n",[15,84794,84795],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,84796,84797],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84798,84792],{"class":82},[20,84800,84801],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[55,84803,84805],{"className":57,"code":84804,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,84806,84807,84828],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,84808,84809,84811,84813,84815,84817,84819,84822,84824,84826],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84810,82690],{"class":70},[64,84812,75],{"class":74},[64,84814,79],{"class":78},[64,84816,40031],{"class":82},[64,84818,86],{"class":78},[64,84820,84821],{"class":82}," 5.49",[64,84823,86],{"class":78},[64,84825,82706],{"class":82},[64,84827,97],{"class":78},[64,84829,84830,84832,84834,84836,84838,84840],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,84831,125],{"class":108},[64,84833,112],{"class":78},[64,84835,84302],{"class":108},[64,84837,112],{"class":78},[64,84839,82726],{"class":115},[64,84841,471],{"class":78},[20,84843,384],{},[55,84845,84847],{"className":57,"code":84846,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"5.49\n",[15,84848,84849],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,84850,84851],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84852,84846],{"class":82},[20,84854,84855],{},"This is useful for things like:",[30,84857,84858,84860,84862,84865],{},[33,84859,16006],{},[33,84861,82726],{},[33,84863,84864],{},"measurements",[33,84866,84867],{},"ages",[50,84869,8020,84871,46695],{"id":84870},"using-min-with-strings",[15,84872,83877],{},[20,84874,84875,84877],{},[15,84876,83877],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[55,84879,84881],{"className":57,"code":84880,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84882,84883,84915],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,84884,84885,84887,84889,84891,84893,84895,84897,84899,84901,84903,84905,84907,84909,84911,84913],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84886,567],{"class":70},[64,84888,75],{"class":74},[64,84890,79],{"class":78},[64,84892,2686],{"class":320},[64,84894,585],{"class":329},[64,84896,2686],{"class":320},[64,84898,86],{"class":78},[64,84900,3184],{"class":320},[64,84902,576],{"class":329},[64,84904,2686],{"class":320},[64,84906,86],{"class":78},[64,84908,3184],{"class":320},[64,84910,594],{"class":329},[64,84912,2686],{"class":320},[64,84914,97],{"class":78},[64,84916,84917,84919,84921,84923,84925,84927],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,84918,125],{"class":108},[64,84920,112],{"class":78},[64,84922,84302],{"class":108},[64,84924,112],{"class":78},[64,84926,611],{"class":115},[64,84928,471],{"class":78},[20,84930,384],{},[55,84932,84934],{"className":57,"code":84933,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"apple\n",[15,84935,84936],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,84937,84938],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84939,84933],{"class":70},[20,84941,84942],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[55,84944,84946],{"className":57,"code":84945,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84947,84948,84980],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,84949,84950,84952,84954,84956,84958,84960,84962,84964,84966,84968,84970,84972,84974,84976,84978],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,84951,567],{"class":70},[64,84953,75],{"class":74},[64,84955,79],{"class":78},[64,84957,2686],{"class":320},[64,84959,585],{"class":329},[64,84961,2686],{"class":320},[64,84963,86],{"class":78},[64,84965,3184],{"class":320},[64,84967,57408],{"class":329},[64,84969,2686],{"class":320},[64,84971,86],{"class":78},[64,84973,3184],{"class":320},[64,84975,594],{"class":329},[64,84977,2686],{"class":320},[64,84979,97],{"class":78},[64,84981,84982,84984,84986,84988,84990,84992],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,84983,125],{"class":108},[64,84985,112],{"class":78},[64,84987,84302],{"class":108},[64,84989,112],{"class":78},[64,84991,611],{"class":115},[64,84993,471],{"class":78},[20,84995,384],{},[55,84997,84999],{"className":57,"code":84998,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Apple\n",[15,85000,85001],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,85002,85003],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85004,84998],{"class":70},[20,85006,85007],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85009,85010,85011,148],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[285,85012,85013,5377],{"href":74163},[15,85014,74066],{},[50,85016,8020,85018,85020],{"id":85017},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85019,83877],{}," with a key function",[20,85022,1808,85023,85025],{},[15,85024,14457],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85027,11069],{},[30,85029,85030,85035,85040],{},[33,85031,85032,85034],{},[15,85033,14457],{}," changes the comparison rule",[33,85036,85037,85039],{},[15,85038,83877],{}," still returns the original item",[33,85041,85042],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[428,85044,85046],{"id":85045},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[55,85048,85050],{"className":57,"code":85049,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85051,85052,85085],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,85053,85054,85056,85058,85060,85062,85064,85066,85068,85070,85072,85074,85076,85078,85081,85083],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85055,567],{"class":70},[64,85057,75],{"class":74},[64,85059,79],{"class":78},[64,85061,2686],{"class":320},[64,85063,67968],{"class":329},[64,85065,2686],{"class":320},[64,85067,86],{"class":78},[64,85069,3184],{"class":320},[64,85071,36678],{"class":329},[64,85073,2686],{"class":320},[64,85075,86],{"class":78},[64,85077,3184],{"class":320},[64,85079,85080],{"class":329},"giraffe",[64,85082,2686],{"class":320},[64,85084,97],{"class":78},[64,85086,85087,85089,85091,85093,85095,85097,85099,85101,85103,85105],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,85088,125],{"class":108},[64,85090,112],{"class":78},[64,85092,84302],{"class":108},[64,85094,112],{"class":78},[64,85096,611],{"class":115},[64,85098,86],{"class":78},[64,85100,21200],{"class":8781},[64,85102,75],{"class":74},[64,85104,10771],{"class":108},[64,85106,471],{"class":78},[20,85108,384],{},[55,85110,85112],{"className":57,"code":85111,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"cat\n",[15,85113,85114],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,85115,85116],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85117,85111],{"class":70},[428,85119,85121],{"id":85120},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[55,85123,85125],{"className":57,"code":85124,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85126,85127,85137,85172,85204,85236,85240,85244,85283],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,85128,85129,85132,85134],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85130,85131],{"class":70},"students ",[64,85133,75],{"class":74},[64,85135,85136],{"class":78}," [\n",[64,85138,85139,85142,85144,85146,85148,85150,85152,85154,85156,85158,85160,85163,85165,85167,85169],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,85140,85141],{"class":78},"    {",[64,85143,2686],{"class":320},[64,85145,7267],{"class":329},[64,85147,2686],{"class":320},[64,85149,160],{"class":78},[64,85151,3184],{"class":320},[64,85153,12494],{"class":329},[64,85155,2686],{"class":320},[64,85157,86],{"class":78},[64,85159,3184],{"class":320},[64,85161,85162],{"class":329},"score",[64,85164,2686],{"class":320},[64,85166,160],{"class":78},[64,85168,13122],{"class":82},[64,85170,85171],{"class":78},"},\n",[64,85173,85174,85176,85178,85180,85182,85184,85186,85188,85190,85192,85194,85196,85198,85200,85202],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,85175,85141],{"class":78},[64,85177,2686],{"class":320},[64,85179,7267],{"class":329},[64,85181,2686],{"class":320},[64,85183,160],{"class":78},[64,85185,3184],{"class":320},[64,85187,35570],{"class":329},[64,85189,2686],{"class":320},[64,85191,86],{"class":78},[64,85193,3184],{"class":320},[64,85195,85162],{"class":329},[64,85197,2686],{"class":320},[64,85199,160],{"class":78},[64,85201,84763],{"class":82},[64,85203,85171],{"class":78},[64,85205,85206,85208,85210,85212,85214,85216,85218,85220,85222,85224,85226,85228,85230,85232,85234],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,85207,85141],{"class":78},[64,85209,2686],{"class":320},[64,85211,7267],{"class":329},[64,85213,2686],{"class":320},[64,85215,160],{"class":78},[64,85217,3184],{"class":320},[64,85219,35579],{"class":329},[64,85221,2686],{"class":320},[64,85223,86],{"class":78},[64,85225,3184],{"class":320},[64,85227,85162],{"class":329},[64,85229,2686],{"class":320},[64,85231,160],{"class":78},[64,85233,19518],{"class":82},[64,85235,8915],{"class":78},[64,85237,85238],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,85239,97],{"class":78},[64,85241,85242],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,85243,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,85245,85246,85249,85251,85254,85256,85259,85261,85263,85265,85267,85269,85271,85273,85275,85277,85279,85281],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,85247,85248],{"class":70},"lowest ",[64,85250,75],{"class":74},[64,85252,85253],{"class":108}," min",[64,85255,112],{"class":78},[64,85257,85258],{"class":115},"students",[64,85260,86],{"class":78},[64,85262,21200],{"class":8781},[64,85264,75],{"class":74},[64,85266,37291],{"class":1895},[64,85268,12520],{"class":37294},[64,85270,160],{"class":78},[64,85272,12520],{"class":115},[64,85274,394],{"class":78},[64,85276,2686],{"class":320},[64,85278,85162],{"class":329},[64,85280,2686],{"class":320},[64,85282,381],{"class":78},[64,85284,85285,85287,85289,85292],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,85286,125],{"class":108},[64,85288,112],{"class":78},[64,85290,85291],{"class":115},"lowest",[64,85293,119],{"class":78},[20,85295,384],{},[55,85297,85299],{"className":57,"code":85298,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85300,85301],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,85302,85303,85305,85307,85309,85311,85313,85315,85317,85319,85321,85323,85325,85327,85329,85331],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85304,8884],{"class":78},[64,85306,333],{"class":320},[64,85308,7267],{"class":329},[64,85310,333],{"class":320},[64,85312,160],{"class":78},[64,85314,326],{"class":320},[64,85316,35570],{"class":329},[64,85318,333],{"class":320},[64,85320,86],{"class":78},[64,85322,326],{"class":320},[64,85324,85162],{"class":329},[64,85326,333],{"class":320},[64,85328,160],{"class":78},[64,85330,84763],{"class":82},[64,85332,8915],{"class":78},[20,85334,85335,85336,85339],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85337,85338],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[50,85341,8020,85343,85345],{"id":85342},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85344,82578],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85347,85348],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[55,85350,85352],{"className":57,"code":85351,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85353,85354,85362],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,85355,85356,85358,85360],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85357,71],{"class":70},[64,85359,75],{"class":74},[64,85361,7439],{"class":78},[64,85363,85364,85366,85368,85370,85372,85374],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,85365,125],{"class":108},[64,85367,112],{"class":78},[64,85369,84302],{"class":108},[64,85371,112],{"class":78},[64,85373,116],{"class":115},[64,85375,471],{"class":78},[20,85377,384],{},[55,85379,85381],{"className":57,"code":85380,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85382,85383],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,85384,85385,85387,85389,85391,85393,85395,85397],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85386,40337],{"class":357},[64,85388,160],{"class":78},[64,85390,85253],{"class":108},[64,85392,6964],{"class":78},[64,85394,83548],{"class":70},[64,85396,11806],{"class":74},[64,85398,83553],{"class":70},[20,85400,85401,85402,160],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85403,82578],{},[55,85405,85407],{"className":57,"code":85406,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85408,85409,85417],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,85410,85411,85413,85415],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85412,71],{"class":70},[64,85414,75],{"class":74},[64,85416,7439],{"class":78},[64,85418,85419,85421,85423,85425,85427,85429,85431,85433,85435,85437],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,85420,125],{"class":108},[64,85422,112],{"class":78},[64,85424,84302],{"class":108},[64,85426,112],{"class":78},[64,85428,116],{"class":115},[64,85430,86],{"class":78},[64,85432,26146],{"class":8781},[64,85434,75],{"class":74},[64,85436,258],{"class":338},[64,85438,471],{"class":78},[20,85440,384],{},[55,85442,85443],{"className":57,"code":11420,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,85444,85445],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,85446,85447],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85448,11420],{"class":338},[20,85450,85451],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85453,85454],{},"Remember:",[30,85456,85457,85465],{},[33,85458,85459,85461,85462,85464],{},[15,85460,82578],{}," works only when ",[15,85463,83877],{}," gets one iterable argument",[33,85466,85467,85468],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85469,85470],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85472,85473,85474,148],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[285,85475,65481],{"href":72520},[50,85477,10353],{"id":10352},[20,85479,56415,85480,148],{},[15,85481,83877],{},[428,85483,85485,85486],{"id":85484},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85487,82578],{},[20,85489,2832,85490,160],{},[15,85491,40337],{},[55,85493,85495],{"className":57,"code":85494,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85496,85497,85505],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,85498,85499,85501,85503],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85500,7379],{"class":70},[64,85502,75],{"class":74},[64,85504,7439],{"class":78},[64,85506,85507,85509,85511,85513,85515,85517],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,85508,125],{"class":108},[64,85510,112],{"class":78},[64,85512,84302],{"class":108},[64,85514,112],{"class":78},[64,85516,7410],{"class":115},[64,85518,471],{"class":78},[20,85520,85521],{},"Fix it by:",[30,85523,85524,85527],{},[33,85525,85526],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[33,85528,85529,85530],{},"or using ",[15,85531,82578],{},[55,85533,85535],{"className":57,"code":85534,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85536,85537,85545],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,85538,85539,85541,85543],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85540,7379],{"class":70},[64,85542,75],{"class":74},[64,85544,7439],{"class":78},[64,85546,85547,85549,85551,85553,85555,85557,85559,85561,85563,85565,85568,85570],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,85548,125],{"class":108},[64,85550,112],{"class":78},[64,85552,84302],{"class":108},[64,85554,112],{"class":78},[64,85556,7410],{"class":115},[64,85558,86],{"class":78},[64,85560,26146],{"class":8781},[64,85562,75],{"class":74},[64,85564,2686],{"class":320},[64,85566,85567],{"class":329},"no items",[64,85569,2686],{"class":320},[64,85571,471],{"class":78},[428,85573,85575],{"id":85574},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85577,85578],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[55,85580,85582],{"className":57,"code":85581,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85583,85584,85608],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,85585,85586,85588,85590,85592,85594,85596,85598,85600,85602,85604,85606],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85587,8771],{"class":70},[64,85589,75],{"class":74},[64,85591,79],{"class":78},[64,85593,2160],{"class":82},[64,85595,86],{"class":78},[64,85597,3184],{"class":320},[64,85599,15371],{"class":329},[64,85601,2686],{"class":320},[64,85603,86],{"class":78},[64,85605,1112],{"class":82},[64,85607,97],{"class":78},[64,85609,85610,85612,85614,85616,85618,85620],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,85611,125],{"class":108},[64,85613,112],{"class":78},[64,85615,84302],{"class":108},[64,85617,112],{"class":78},[64,85619,8810],{"class":115},[64,85621,471],{"class":78},[20,85623,384],{},[55,85625,85627],{"className":57,"code":85626,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"TypeError\n",[15,85628,85629],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,85630,85631],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85632,85626],{"class":357},[20,85634,85635],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85637,85638,85639,148],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85640,83877],{},[55,85642,85644],{"className":57,"code":85643,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85645,85646,85670,85696],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,85647,85648,85650,85652,85654,85656,85658,85660,85662,85664,85666,85668],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85649,8771],{"class":70},[64,85651,75],{"class":74},[64,85653,79],{"class":78},[64,85655,2160],{"class":82},[64,85657,86],{"class":78},[64,85659,3184],{"class":320},[64,85661,15371],{"class":329},[64,85663,2686],{"class":320},[64,85665,86],{"class":78},[64,85667,1112],{"class":82},[64,85669,97],{"class":78},[64,85671,85672,85674,85676,85678,85680,85682,85684,85686,85688,85690,85692,85694],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,85673,71],{"class":70},[64,85675,75],{"class":74},[64,85677,79],{"class":78},[64,85679,2019],{"class":357},[64,85681,112],{"class":78},[64,85683,363],{"class":115},[64,85685,133],{"class":78},[64,85687,369],{"class":368},[64,85689,372],{"class":70},[64,85691,375],{"class":368},[64,85693,14182],{"class":70},[64,85695,97],{"class":78},[64,85697,85698,85700,85702,85704,85706,85708],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,85699,125],{"class":108},[64,85701,112],{"class":78},[64,85703,84302],{"class":108},[64,85705,112],{"class":78},[64,85707,116],{"class":115},[64,85709,471],{"class":78},[20,85711,384],{},[55,85713,85714],{"className":57,"code":2779,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,85715,85716],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,85717,85718],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85719,2779],{"class":82},[20,85721,85722,85723,148],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85724,2835],{},[428,85726,85728],{"id":85727},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85730,85731],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[55,85733,85735],{"className":57,"code":85734,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85736,85737,85769],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,85738,85739,85741,85743,85745,85747,85749,85751,85753,85755,85757,85759,85761,85763,85765,85767],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85740,567],{"class":70},[64,85742,75],{"class":74},[64,85744,79],{"class":78},[64,85746,2686],{"class":320},[64,85748,79202],{"class":329},[64,85750,2686],{"class":320},[64,85752,86],{"class":78},[64,85754,3184],{"class":320},[64,85756,57408],{"class":329},[64,85758,2686],{"class":320},[64,85760,86],{"class":78},[64,85762,3184],{"class":320},[64,85764,79219],{"class":329},[64,85766,2686],{"class":320},[64,85768,97],{"class":78},[64,85770,85771,85773,85775,85777,85779,85781],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,85772,125],{"class":108},[64,85774,112],{"class":78},[64,85776,84302],{"class":108},[64,85778,112],{"class":78},[64,85780,611],{"class":115},[64,85782,471],{"class":78},[20,85784,384],{},[55,85786,85787],{"className":57,"code":84998,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,85788,85789],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,85790,85791],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85792,84998],{"class":70},[20,85794,85795],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[55,85797,85799],{"className":57,"code":85798,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,85800,85801,85833],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,85802,85803,85805,85807,85809,85811,85813,85815,85817,85819,85821,85823,85825,85827,85829,85831],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85804,567],{"class":70},[64,85806,75],{"class":74},[64,85808,79],{"class":78},[64,85810,2686],{"class":320},[64,85812,79202],{"class":329},[64,85814,2686],{"class":320},[64,85816,86],{"class":78},[64,85818,3184],{"class":320},[64,85820,57408],{"class":329},[64,85822,2686],{"class":320},[64,85824,86],{"class":78},[64,85826,3184],{"class":320},[64,85828,79219],{"class":329},[64,85830,2686],{"class":320},[64,85832,97],{"class":78},[64,85834,85835,85837,85839,85841,85843,85845,85847,85849,85851,85853,85855,85857],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,85836,125],{"class":108},[64,85838,112],{"class":78},[64,85840,84302],{"class":108},[64,85842,112],{"class":78},[64,85844,611],{"class":115},[64,85846,86],{"class":78},[64,85848,21200],{"class":8781},[64,85850,75],{"class":74},[64,85852,3276],{"class":357},[64,85854,148],{"class":78},[64,85856,8244],{"class":24372},[64,85858,471],{"class":78},[20,85860,384],{},[55,85862,85863],{"className":57,"code":84998,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,85864,85865],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,85866,85867],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85868,84998],{"class":70},[20,85870,85871],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[50,85873,1471,85875],{"id":85874},"when-to-use-min",[15,85876,83877],{},[20,85878,1923,85879,10209],{},[15,85880,83877],{},[30,85882,85883,85886,85891],{},[33,85884,85885],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[33,85887,85888,85889],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,85890,14457],{},[33,85892,85893],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,85895,1923,85896,85900],{},[285,85897,85898],{"href":74163},[15,85899,74066],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,85902,1923,85903,85908],{},[285,85904,85906],{"href":85905},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,85907,82223],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[50,85910,2661],{"id":2660},[20,85912,83882],{},[30,85914,85915,85923,85926,85931,85938],{},[33,85916,85917,85918,85920,85921],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,85919,83877],{}," without using ",[15,85922,82578],{},[33,85924,85925],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[33,85927,8056,85928,85930],{},[15,85929,83877],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[33,85932,1212,85933,85935,85936,85039],{},[15,85934,14457],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,85937,83877],{},[33,85939,8020,85940,85942],{},[15,85941,82578],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,85944,85945,85946,85948],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,85947,83877],{},", these quick checks can help:",[55,85950,85952],{"className":57,"code":85951,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85953,85954,85968,85978,85992,86006,86028],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,85955,85956,85958,85960,85962,85964,85966],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,85957,125],{"class":108},[64,85959,112],{"class":78},[64,85961,3052],{"class":357},[64,85963,112],{"class":78},[64,85965,8810],{"class":115},[64,85967,471],{"class":78},[64,85969,85970,85972,85974,85976],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,85971,125],{"class":108},[64,85973,112],{"class":78},[64,85975,8810],{"class":115},[64,85977,119],{"class":78},[64,85979,85980,85982,85984,85986,85988,85990],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,85981,125],{"class":108},[64,85983,112],{"class":78},[64,85985,10771],{"class":108},[64,85987,112],{"class":78},[64,85989,8810],{"class":115},[64,85991,471],{"class":78},[64,85993,85994,85996,85998,86000,86002,86004],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,85995,125],{"class":108},[64,85997,112],{"class":78},[64,85999,84302],{"class":108},[64,86001,112],{"class":78},[64,86003,8810],{"class":115},[64,86005,471],{"class":78},[64,86007,86008,86010,86012,86014,86016,86018,86020,86022,86024,86026],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,86009,125],{"class":108},[64,86011,112],{"class":78},[64,86013,84302],{"class":108},[64,86015,112],{"class":78},[64,86017,8810],{"class":115},[64,86019,86],{"class":78},[64,86021,26146],{"class":8781},[64,86023,75],{"class":74},[64,86025,258],{"class":338},[64,86027,471],{"class":78},[64,86029,86030,86032,86034,86036,86038,86040,86042,86044,86046,86048],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,86031,125],{"class":108},[64,86033,112],{"class":78},[64,86035,84302],{"class":108},[64,86037,112],{"class":78},[64,86039,611],{"class":115},[64,86041,86],{"class":78},[64,86043,21200],{"class":8781},[64,86045,75],{"class":74},[64,86047,10771],{"class":108},[64,86049,471],{"class":78},[20,86051,86052,86053,86056,86057,86059],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86054,86055],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86058,8810],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[50,86061,1651],{"id":1650},[428,86063,1655,86065,1658],{"id":86064},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86066,83877],{},[20,86068,86069],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[428,86071,1684,86073,84058],{"id":86072},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86074,83877],{},[20,86076,86077],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[428,86079,71288],{"id":71287},[20,86081,86082,52133,86084,84070,86086,36252],{},[15,86083,83877],{},[15,86085,40337],{},[15,86087,82578],{},[428,86089,1655,86091,86093,86094,1677],{"id":86090},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86092,14457],{}," do in ",[15,86095,83877],{},[20,86097,86098,86100,86101,86103],{},[15,86099,14457],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86102,83131],{}," compares strings by length.",[428,86105,1694,86107,896,86109,1677],{"id":86106},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86108,83877],{},[15,86110,74066],{},[20,86112,86113,86115,86116,86118],{},[15,86114,83877],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86117,74066],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[50,86120,1717],{"id":1716},[30,86122,86123,86129,86135,86141,86145,86149],{},[33,86124,86125],{},[285,86126,86127,1713],{"href":85905},[15,86128,82223],{},[33,86130,86131],{},[285,86132,86133,1713],{"href":74163},[15,86134,74066],{},[33,86136,86137],{},[285,86138,86139,1713],{"href":41992},[15,86140,41995],{},[33,86142,86143],{},[285,86144,79515],{"href":78018},[33,86146,86147],{},[285,86148,58596],{"href":58595},[33,86150,86151],{},[285,86152,65481],{"href":72520},[1751,86154,86155],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":86157},[86158,86159,86161,86167,86169,86171,86176,86178,86184,86186,86187,86198],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":84361,"depth":100,"text":86160},"What min() does",{"id":84382,"depth":100,"text":84383,"children":86162},[86163,86164,86165,86166],{"id":84467,"depth":122,"text":84470},{"id":84529,"depth":122,"text":84532},{"id":84579,"depth":122,"text":84582},{"id":84673,"depth":122,"text":84676},{"id":84735,"depth":100,"text":86168},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84870,"depth":100,"text":86170},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85017,"depth":100,"text":86172,"children":86173},"Using min() with a key function",[86174,86175],{"id":85045,"depth":122,"text":85046},{"id":85120,"depth":122,"text":85121},{"id":85342,"depth":100,"text":86177},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10352,"depth":100,"text":10353,"children":86179},[86180,86182,86183],{"id":85484,"depth":122,"text":86181},"Empty list without default",{"id":85574,"depth":122,"text":85575},{"id":85727,"depth":122,"text":85728},{"id":85874,"depth":100,"text":86185},"When to use min()",{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":86188},[86189,86191,86193,86194,86196],{"id":86064,"depth":122,"text":86190},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86072,"depth":122,"text":86192},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71287,"depth":122,"text":71288},{"id":86090,"depth":122,"text":86195},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86106,"depth":122,"text":86197},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84244,"description":86199},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86206,"title":86207,"body":86208,"description":88387,"extension":1791,"meta":88388,"navigation":346,"path":88389,"seo":88390,"stem":88391,"__hash__":88392},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86209,"toc":88351},[86210,86213,86219,86225,86227,86308,86317,86321,86326,86328,86373,86375,86455,86461,86463,86466,86498,86500,86518,86520,86593,86595,86614,86618,86621,86657,86659,86726,86800,86873,86878,86882,86888,86891,86908,86911,86913,86974,86976,86996,87002,87006,87009,87079,87082,87101,87106,87182,87185,87189,87195,87199,87204,87274,87278,87283,87357,87361,87364,87439,87450,87454,87459,87549,87554,87622,87625,87644,87655,87659,87662,87667,87670,87732,87735,87746,87751,87754,87757,87762,87765,87768,87772,87775,87781,87784,87795,87797,87859,87874,87880,87883,87886,87897,87908,87914,87917,87919,87981,87991,87997,88002,88008,88012,88018,88021,88042,88044,88049,88076,88079,88106,88109,88148,88151,88189,88192,88253,88256,88258,88262,88265,88269,88275,88283,88291,88295,88298,88302,88308,88310,88348],[10,86211,86207],{"id":86212},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86214,86215,86218],{},[15,86216,86217],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86220,86221,86222,86224],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86223,86217],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[50,86226,1833],{"id":1832},[55,86228,86230],{"className":57,"code":86229,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86231,86232,86281,86297],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,86233,86234,86237,86240,86242,86244,86247,86249,86251,86253,86255,86257,86259,86262,86264,86266,86269,86271,86273,86275,86279],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,86235,86236],{"class":368},"with",[64,86238,86239],{"class":108}," open",[64,86241,112],{"class":78},[64,86243,2686],{"class":320},[64,86245,86246],{"class":329},"example.txt",[64,86248,2686],{"class":320},[64,86250,86],{"class":78},[64,86252,3184],{"class":320},[64,86254,60146],{"class":329},[64,86256,2686],{"class":320},[64,86258,86],{"class":78},[64,86260,86261],{"class":8781}," encoding",[64,86263,75],{"class":74},[64,86265,2686],{"class":320},[64,86267,86268],{"class":329},"utf-8",[64,86270,2686],{"class":320},[64,86272,133],{"class":78},[64,86274,46994],{"class":368},[64,86276,86278],{"class":86277},"sMMDD"," file",[64,86280,5989],{"class":78},[64,86282,86283,86286,86288,86290,86292,86295],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,86284,86285],{"class":70},"    content ",[64,86287,75],{"class":74},[64,86289,86278],{"class":86277},[64,86291,148],{"class":78},[64,86293,86294],{"class":115},"read",[64,86296,8247],{"class":78},[64,86298,86299,86301,86303,86306],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,86300,7670],{"class":108},[64,86302,112],{"class":78},[64,86304,86305],{"class":115},"content",[64,86307,119],{"class":78},[20,86309,1923,86310,86312,86313,86316],{},[15,86311,86236],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86314,86315],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[50,86318,86320],{"id":86319},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86322,86323,86325],{},[15,86324,86217],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86327,11069],{},[30,86329,86330,86333,86338,86343],{},[33,86331,86332],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[33,86334,40539,86335,86337],{},[221,86336,1138],{}," read or write anything by itself",[33,86339,17040,86340],{},[221,86341,86342],{},"file object",[33,86344,86345,86346],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[30,86347,86348,86353,86358,86363,86368],{},[33,86349,86350],{},[15,86351,86352],{},"read()",[33,86354,86355],{},[15,86356,86357],{},"readline()",[33,86359,86360],{},[15,86361,86362],{},"readlines()",[33,86364,86365],{},[15,86366,86367],{},"write()",[33,86369,86370],{},[15,86371,86372],{},"close()",[20,86374,916],{},[55,86376,86378],{"className":57,"code":86377,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86379,86380,86419,86434,86444],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,86381,86382,86385,86387,86389,86391,86393,86395,86397,86399,86401,86403,86405,86407,86409,86411,86413,86415,86417],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,86383,86384],{"class":86277},"file",[64,86386,12891],{"class":74},[64,86388,86239],{"class":108},[64,86390,112],{"class":78},[64,86392,2686],{"class":320},[64,86394,86246],{"class":329},[64,86396,2686],{"class":320},[64,86398,86],{"class":78},[64,86400,3184],{"class":320},[64,86402,60146],{"class":329},[64,86404,2686],{"class":320},[64,86406,86],{"class":78},[64,86408,86261],{"class":8781},[64,86410,75],{"class":74},[64,86412,2686],{"class":320},[64,86414,86268],{"class":329},[64,86416,2686],{"class":320},[64,86418,119],{"class":78},[64,86420,86421,86424,86426,86428,86430,86432],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,86422,86423],{"class":70},"content ",[64,86425,75],{"class":74},[64,86427,86278],{"class":86277},[64,86429,148],{"class":78},[64,86431,86294],{"class":115},[64,86433,8247],{"class":78},[64,86435,86436,86438,86440,86442],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,86437,125],{"class":108},[64,86439,112],{"class":78},[64,86441,86305],{"class":115},[64,86443,119],{"class":78},[64,86445,86446,86448,86450,86453],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,86447,86384],{"class":86277},[64,86449,148],{"class":78},[64,86451,86452],{"class":115},"close",[64,86454,8247],{"class":78},[20,86456,86457,86458,86460],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86459,86236],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[50,86462,1988],{"id":1987},[20,86464,86465],{},"A common form is:",[55,86467,86469],{"className":57,"code":86468,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86470,86471],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,86472,86473,86475,86477,86479,86481,86484,86486,86488,86490,86492,86494,86496],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,86474,42061],{"class":108},[64,86476,112],{"class":78},[64,86478,86384],{"class":86277},[64,86480,86],{"class":78},[64,86482,86483],{"class":115}," mode",[64,86485,86],{"class":78},[64,86487,86261],{"class":8781},[64,86489,75],{"class":74},[64,86491,2686],{"class":320},[64,86493,86268],{"class":329},[64,86495,2686],{"class":320},[64,86497,119],{"class":78},[20,86499,64687],{},[30,86501,86502,86507,86512],{},[33,86503,86504,86506],{},[15,86505,86384],{}," is the file name or file path",[33,86508,86509,86511],{},[15,86510,20539],{}," controls how the file is opened",[33,86513,86514,86517],{},[15,86515,86516],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86519,916],{},[55,86521,86523],{"className":57,"code":86522,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86524,86525,86568,86583],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,86526,86527,86529,86531,86533,86535,86538,86540,86542,86544,86546,86548,86550,86552,86554,86556,86558,86560,86562,86564,86566],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,86528,86236],{"class":368},[64,86530,86239],{"class":108},[64,86532,112],{"class":78},[64,86534,2686],{"class":320},[64,86536,86537],{"class":329},"notes.txt",[64,86539,2686],{"class":320},[64,86541,86],{"class":78},[64,86543,3184],{"class":320},[64,86545,60146],{"class":329},[64,86547,2686],{"class":320},[64,86549,86],{"class":78},[64,86551,86261],{"class":8781},[64,86553,75],{"class":74},[64,86555,2686],{"class":320},[64,86557,86268],{"class":329},[64,86559,2686],{"class":320},[64,86561,133],{"class":78},[64,86563,46994],{"class":368},[64,86565,86278],{"class":86277},[64,86567,5989],{"class":78},[64,86569,86570,86573,86575,86577,86579,86581],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,86571,86572],{"class":70},"    text ",[64,86574,75],{"class":74},[64,86576,86278],{"class":86277},[64,86578,148],{"class":78},[64,86580,86294],{"class":115},[64,86582,8247],{"class":78},[64,86584,86585,86587,86589,86591],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,86586,7670],{"class":108},[64,86588,112],{"class":78},[64,86590,34336],{"class":115},[64,86592,119],{"class":78},[20,86594,19577],{},[30,86596,86597,86603,86608],{},[33,86598,86599,86602],{},[15,86600,86601],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[33,86604,86605,86607],{},[15,86606,86315],{}," means open for reading",[33,86609,86610,86613],{},[15,86611,86612],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[50,86615,86617],{"id":86616},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86619,86620],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[30,86622,86623,86628,86634,86639,86645,86651],{},[33,86624,86625,86627],{},[15,86626,86315],{}," = read a text file",[33,86629,86630,86633],{},[15,86631,86632],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[33,86635,86636,86638],{},[15,86637,17715],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[33,86640,86641,86644],{},[15,86642,86643],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[33,86646,86647,86650],{},[15,86648,86649],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[33,86652,86653,86656],{},[15,86654,86655],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86658,1956],{},[55,86660,86662],{"className":57,"code":86661,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86663,86664,86669,86712],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,86665,86666],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,86667,86668],{"class":136},"# Read a text file\n",[64,86670,86671,86673,86675,86677,86679,86682,86684,86686,86688,86690,86692,86694,86696,86698,86700,86702,86704,86706,86708,86710],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,86672,86236],{"class":368},[64,86674,86239],{"class":108},[64,86676,112],{"class":78},[64,86678,2686],{"class":320},[64,86680,86681],{"class":329},"data.txt",[64,86683,2686],{"class":320},[64,86685,86],{"class":78},[64,86687,3184],{"class":320},[64,86689,60146],{"class":329},[64,86691,2686],{"class":320},[64,86693,86],{"class":78},[64,86695,86261],{"class":8781},[64,86697,75],{"class":74},[64,86699,2686],{"class":320},[64,86701,86268],{"class":329},[64,86703,2686],{"class":320},[64,86705,133],{"class":78},[64,86707,46994],{"class":368},[64,86709,86278],{"class":86277},[64,86711,5989],{"class":78},[64,86713,86714,86716,86718,86720,86722,86724],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,86715,7670],{"class":108},[64,86717,112],{"class":78},[64,86719,86384],{"class":86277},[64,86721,148],{"class":78},[64,86723,86294],{"class":115},[64,86725,6792],{"class":78},[55,86727,86729],{"className":57,"code":86728,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86730,86731,86736,86778],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,86732,86733],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,86734,86735],{"class":136},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[64,86737,86738,86740,86742,86744,86746,86748,86750,86752,86754,86756,86758,86760,86762,86764,86766,86768,86770,86772,86774,86776],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,86739,86236],{"class":368},[64,86741,86239],{"class":108},[64,86743,112],{"class":78},[64,86745,2686],{"class":320},[64,86747,86681],{"class":329},[64,86749,2686],{"class":320},[64,86751,86],{"class":78},[64,86753,3184],{"class":320},[64,86755,60129],{"class":329},[64,86757,2686],{"class":320},[64,86759,86],{"class":78},[64,86761,86261],{"class":8781},[64,86763,75],{"class":74},[64,86765,2686],{"class":320},[64,86767,86268],{"class":329},[64,86769,2686],{"class":320},[64,86771,133],{"class":78},[64,86773,46994],{"class":368},[64,86775,86278],{"class":86277},[64,86777,5989],{"class":78},[64,86779,86780,86783,86785,86787,86789,86791,86793,86796,86798],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,86781,86782],{"class":86277},"    file",[64,86784,148],{"class":78},[64,86786,69837],{"class":115},[64,86788,112],{"class":78},[64,86790,2686],{"class":320},[64,86792,34495],{"class":329},[64,86794,86795],{"class":34080},"\\n",[64,86797,2686],{"class":320},[64,86799,119],{"class":78},[55,86801,86803],{"className":57,"code":86802,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,86804,86805,86810,86852],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,86806,86807],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,86808,86809],{"class":136},"# Append to a text file\n",[64,86811,86812,86814,86816,86818,86820,86822,86824,86826,86828,86830,86832,86834,86836,86838,86840,86842,86844,86846,86848,86850],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,86813,86236],{"class":368},[64,86815,86239],{"class":108},[64,86817,112],{"class":78},[64,86819,2686],{"class":320},[64,86821,86681],{"class":329},[64,86823,2686],{"class":320},[64,86825,86],{"class":78},[64,86827,3184],{"class":320},[64,86829,285],{"class":329},[64,86831,2686],{"class":320},[64,86833,86],{"class":78},[64,86835,86261],{"class":8781},[64,86837,75],{"class":74},[64,86839,2686],{"class":320},[64,86841,86268],{"class":329},[64,86843,2686],{"class":320},[64,86845,133],{"class":78},[64,86847,46994],{"class":368},[64,86849,86278],{"class":86277},[64,86851,5989],{"class":78},[64,86853,86854,86856,86858,86860,86862,86864,86867,86869,86871],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,86855,86782],{"class":86277},[64,86857,148],{"class":78},[64,86859,69837],{"class":115},[64,86861,112],{"class":78},[64,86863,2686],{"class":320},[64,86865,86866],{"class":329},"Another line",[64,86868,86795],{"class":34080},[64,86870,2686],{"class":320},[64,86872,119],{"class":78},[20,86874,68989,86875,86877],{},[15,86876,86632],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[50,86879,86881],{"id":86880},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,86883,86884,21596,86886,148],{},[15,86885,86217],{},[221,86887,86342],{},[20,86889,86890],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[30,86892,86893,86898,86903],{},[33,86894,86895],{},[15,86896,86897],{},"file.read()",[33,86899,86900],{},[15,86901,86902],{},"file.write()",[33,86904,86905],{},[15,86906,86907],{},"file.close()",[20,86909,86910],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,86912,916],{},[55,86914,86916],{"className":57,"code":86915,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,86917,86918,86960],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,86919,86920,86922,86924,86926,86928,86930,86932,86934,86936,86938,86940,86942,86944,86946,86948,86950,86952,86954,86956,86958],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,86921,86236],{"class":368},[64,86923,86239],{"class":108},[64,86925,112],{"class":78},[64,86927,2686],{"class":320},[64,86929,86246],{"class":329},[64,86931,2686],{"class":320},[64,86933,86],{"class":78},[64,86935,3184],{"class":320},[64,86937,60146],{"class":329},[64,86939,2686],{"class":320},[64,86941,86],{"class":78},[64,86943,86261],{"class":8781},[64,86945,75],{"class":74},[64,86947,2686],{"class":320},[64,86949,86268],{"class":329},[64,86951,2686],{"class":320},[64,86953,133],{"class":78},[64,86955,46994],{"class":368},[64,86957,86278],{"class":86277},[64,86959,5989],{"class":78},[64,86961,86962,86964,86966,86968,86970,86972],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,86963,7670],{"class":108},[64,86965,112],{"class":78},[64,86967,3052],{"class":357},[64,86969,112],{"class":78},[64,86971,86384],{"class":86277},[64,86973,471],{"class":78},[20,86975,29654],{},[55,86977,86979],{"className":57,"code":86978,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,86980,86981],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,86982,86983,86985,86987,86989,86992,86994],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,86984,3121],{"class":74},[64,86986,3124],{"class":1895},[64,86988,326],{"class":320},[64,86990,86991],{"class":329},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[64,86993,333],{"class":320},[64,86995,3133],{"class":74},[20,86997,86998,86999,87001],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87000,86217],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[50,87003,87005],{"id":87004},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87007,87008],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[55,87010,87011],{"className":57,"code":86229,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,87012,87013,87055,87069],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,87014,87015,87017,87019,87021,87023,87025,87027,87029,87031,87033,87035,87037,87039,87041,87043,87045,87047,87049,87051,87053],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,87016,86236],{"class":368},[64,87018,86239],{"class":108},[64,87020,112],{"class":78},[64,87022,2686],{"class":320},[64,87024,86246],{"class":329},[64,87026,2686],{"class":320},[64,87028,86],{"class":78},[64,87030,3184],{"class":320},[64,87032,60146],{"class":329},[64,87034,2686],{"class":320},[64,87036,86],{"class":78},[64,87038,86261],{"class":8781},[64,87040,75],{"class":74},[64,87042,2686],{"class":320},[64,87044,86268],{"class":329},[64,87046,2686],{"class":320},[64,87048,133],{"class":78},[64,87050,46994],{"class":368},[64,87052,86278],{"class":86277},[64,87054,5989],{"class":78},[64,87056,87057,87059,87061,87063,87065,87067],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,87058,86285],{"class":70},[64,87060,75],{"class":74},[64,87062,86278],{"class":86277},[64,87064,148],{"class":78},[64,87066,86294],{"class":115},[64,87068,8247],{"class":78},[64,87070,87071,87073,87075,87077],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,87072,7670],{"class":108},[64,87074,112],{"class":78},[64,87076,86305],{"class":115},[64,87078,119],{"class":78},[20,87080,87081],{},"Why this is recommended:",[30,87083,87084,87089,87095,87098],{},[33,87085,87086,87088],{},[15,87087,86236],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[33,87090,87091,87092,87094],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87093,86372],{}," yourself",[33,87096,87097],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[33,87099,87100],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87102,83394,87103,87105],{},[15,87104,86236],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[55,87107,87108],{"className":57,"code":86377,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,87109,87110,87148,87162,87172],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,87111,87112,87114,87116,87118,87120,87122,87124,87126,87128,87130,87132,87134,87136,87138,87140,87142,87144,87146],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,87113,86384],{"class":86277},[64,87115,12891],{"class":74},[64,87117,86239],{"class":108},[64,87119,112],{"class":78},[64,87121,2686],{"class":320},[64,87123,86246],{"class":329},[64,87125,2686],{"class":320},[64,87127,86],{"class":78},[64,87129,3184],{"class":320},[64,87131,60146],{"class":329},[64,87133,2686],{"class":320},[64,87135,86],{"class":78},[64,87137,86261],{"class":8781},[64,87139,75],{"class":74},[64,87141,2686],{"class":320},[64,87143,86268],{"class":329},[64,87145,2686],{"class":320},[64,87147,119],{"class":78},[64,87149,87150,87152,87154,87156,87158,87160],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,87151,86423],{"class":70},[64,87153,75],{"class":74},[64,87155,86278],{"class":86277},[64,87157,148],{"class":78},[64,87159,86294],{"class":115},[64,87161,8247],{"class":78},[64,87163,87164,87166,87168,87170],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,87165,125],{"class":108},[64,87167,112],{"class":78},[64,87169,86305],{"class":115},[64,87171,119],{"class":78},[64,87173,87174,87176,87178,87180],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,87175,86384],{"class":86277},[64,87177,148],{"class":78},[64,87179,86452],{"class":115},[64,87181,8247],{"class":78},[20,87183,87184],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[50,87186,87188],{"id":87187},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87190,87191,87192,87194],{},"Use mode ",[15,87193,86315],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[428,87196,87198],{"id":87197},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87200,87201,87203],{},[15,87202,86352],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[55,87205,87206],{"className":57,"code":86229,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,87207,87208,87250,87264],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,87209,87210,87212,87214,87216,87218,87220,87222,87224,87226,87228,87230,87232,87234,87236,87238,87240,87242,87244,87246,87248],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,87211,86236],{"class":368},[64,87213,86239],{"class":108},[64,87215,112],{"class":78},[64,87217,2686],{"class":320},[64,87219,86246],{"class":329},[64,87221,2686],{"class":320},[64,87223,86],{"class":78},[64,87225,3184],{"class":320},[64,87227,60146],{"class":329},[64,87229,2686],{"class":320},[64,87231,86],{"class":78},[64,87233,86261],{"class":8781},[64,87235,75],{"class":74},[64,87237,2686],{"class":320},[64,87239,86268],{"class":329},[64,87241,2686],{"class":320},[64,87243,133],{"class":78},[64,87245,46994],{"class":368},[64,87247,86278],{"class":86277},[64,87249,5989],{"class":78},[64,87251,87252,87254,87256,87258,87260,87262],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,87253,86285],{"class":70},[64,87255,75],{"class":74},[64,87257,86278],{"class":86277},[64,87259,148],{"class":78},[64,87261,86294],{"class":115},[64,87263,8247],{"class":78},[64,87265,87266,87268,87270,87272],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,87267,7670],{"class":108},[64,87269,112],{"class":78},[64,87271,86305],{"class":115},[64,87273,119],{"class":78},[428,87275,87277],{"id":87276},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87279,87280,87282],{},[15,87281,86357],{}," reads one line at a time.",[55,87284,87286],{"className":57,"code":87285,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87287,87288,87330,87346],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,87289,87290,87292,87294,87296,87298,87300,87302,87304,87306,87308,87310,87312,87314,87316,87318,87320,87322,87324,87326,87328],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,87291,86236],{"class":368},[64,87293,86239],{"class":108},[64,87295,112],{"class":78},[64,87297,2686],{"class":320},[64,87299,86246],{"class":329},[64,87301,2686],{"class":320},[64,87303,86],{"class":78},[64,87305,3184],{"class":320},[64,87307,60146],{"class":329},[64,87309,2686],{"class":320},[64,87311,86],{"class":78},[64,87313,86261],{"class":8781},[64,87315,75],{"class":74},[64,87317,2686],{"class":320},[64,87319,86268],{"class":329},[64,87321,2686],{"class":320},[64,87323,133],{"class":78},[64,87325,46994],{"class":368},[64,87327,86278],{"class":86277},[64,87329,5989],{"class":78},[64,87331,87332,87335,87337,87339,87341,87344],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,87333,87334],{"class":70},"    first_line ",[64,87336,75],{"class":74},[64,87338,86278],{"class":86277},[64,87340,148],{"class":78},[64,87342,87343],{"class":115},"readline",[64,87345,8247],{"class":78},[64,87347,87348,87350,87352,87355],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,87349,7670],{"class":108},[64,87351,112],{"class":78},[64,87353,87354],{"class":115},"first_line",[64,87356,119],{"class":78},[428,87358,87360],{"id":87359},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87362,87363],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[55,87365,87367],{"className":57,"code":87366,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87368,87369,87411,87425],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,87370,87371,87373,87375,87377,87379,87381,87383,87385,87387,87389,87391,87393,87395,87397,87399,87401,87403,87405,87407,87409],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,87372,86236],{"class":368},[64,87374,86239],{"class":108},[64,87376,112],{"class":78},[64,87378,2686],{"class":320},[64,87380,86246],{"class":329},[64,87382,2686],{"class":320},[64,87384,86],{"class":78},[64,87386,3184],{"class":320},[64,87388,60146],{"class":329},[64,87390,2686],{"class":320},[64,87392,86],{"class":78},[64,87394,86261],{"class":8781},[64,87396,75],{"class":74},[64,87398,2686],{"class":320},[64,87400,86268],{"class":329},[64,87402,2686],{"class":320},[64,87404,133],{"class":78},[64,87406,46994],{"class":368},[64,87408,86278],{"class":86277},[64,87410,5989],{"class":78},[64,87412,87413,87416,87419,87421,87423],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,87414,87415],{"class":368},"    for",[64,87417,87418],{"class":70}," line ",[64,87420,375],{"class":368},[64,87422,86278],{"class":86277},[64,87424,5989],{"class":78},[64,87426,87427,87429,87431,87433,87435,87437],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,87428,46974],{"class":108},[64,87430,112],{"class":78},[64,87432,66],{"class":115},[64,87434,148],{"class":78},[64,87436,8238],{"class":115},[64,87438,6792],{"class":78},[20,87440,87441,87442,212,87446,148],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[285,87443,87445],{"href":87444},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[285,87447,87449],{"href":87448},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[50,87451,87453],{"id":87452},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87455,1923,87456,87458],{},[15,87457,86632],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[55,87460,87462],{"className":57,"code":87461,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87463,87464,87507,87528],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,87465,87466,87468,87470,87472,87474,87477,87479,87481,87483,87485,87487,87489,87491,87493,87495,87497,87499,87501,87503,87505],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,87467,86236],{"class":368},[64,87469,86239],{"class":108},[64,87471,112],{"class":78},[64,87473,2686],{"class":320},[64,87475,87476],{"class":329},"output.txt",[64,87478,2686],{"class":320},[64,87480,86],{"class":78},[64,87482,3184],{"class":320},[64,87484,60129],{"class":329},[64,87486,2686],{"class":320},[64,87488,86],{"class":78},[64,87490,86261],{"class":8781},[64,87492,75],{"class":74},[64,87494,2686],{"class":320},[64,87496,86268],{"class":329},[64,87498,2686],{"class":320},[64,87500,133],{"class":78},[64,87502,46994],{"class":368},[64,87504,86278],{"class":86277},[64,87506,5989],{"class":78},[64,87508,87509,87511,87513,87515,87517,87519,87522,87524,87526],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,87510,86782],{"class":86277},[64,87512,148],{"class":78},[64,87514,69837],{"class":115},[64,87516,112],{"class":78},[64,87518,2686],{"class":320},[64,87520,87521],{"class":329},"First line",[64,87523,86795],{"class":34080},[64,87525,2686],{"class":320},[64,87527,119],{"class":78},[64,87529,87530,87532,87534,87536,87538,87540,87543,87545,87547],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,87531,86782],{"class":86277},[64,87533,148],{"class":78},[64,87535,69837],{"class":115},[64,87537,112],{"class":78},[64,87539,2686],{"class":320},[64,87541,87542],{"class":329},"Second line",[64,87544,86795],{"class":34080},[64,87546,2686],{"class":320},[64,87548,119],{"class":78},[20,87550,1923,87551,87553],{},[15,87552,17715],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[55,87555,87557],{"className":57,"code":87556,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87558,87559,87601],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,87560,87561,87563,87565,87567,87569,87571,87573,87575,87577,87579,87581,87583,87585,87587,87589,87591,87593,87595,87597,87599],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,87562,86236],{"class":368},[64,87564,86239],{"class":108},[64,87566,112],{"class":78},[64,87568,2686],{"class":320},[64,87570,87476],{"class":329},[64,87572,2686],{"class":320},[64,87574,86],{"class":78},[64,87576,3184],{"class":320},[64,87578,285],{"class":329},[64,87580,2686],{"class":320},[64,87582,86],{"class":78},[64,87584,86261],{"class":8781},[64,87586,75],{"class":74},[64,87588,2686],{"class":320},[64,87590,86268],{"class":329},[64,87592,2686],{"class":320},[64,87594,133],{"class":78},[64,87596,46994],{"class":368},[64,87598,86278],{"class":86277},[64,87600,5989],{"class":78},[64,87602,87603,87605,87607,87609,87611,87613,87616,87618,87620],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,87604,86782],{"class":86277},[64,87606,148],{"class":78},[64,87608,69837],{"class":115},[64,87610,112],{"class":78},[64,87612,2686],{"class":320},[64,87614,87615],{"class":329},"Third line",[64,87617,86795],{"class":34080},[64,87619,2686],{"class":320},[64,87621,119],{"class":78},[20,87623,87624],{},"Important detail:",[30,87626,87627,87632,87639],{},[33,87628,87629,87631],{},[15,87630,86367],{}," writes a string",[33,87633,87634,13669,87636,87638],{},[15,87635,86367],{},[221,87637,1138],{}," add a newline for you",[33,87640,87641,87642,87094],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87643,86795],{},[20,87645,87646,87647,212,87651,148],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[285,87648,87650],{"href":87649},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[285,87652,87654],{"href":87653},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[50,87656,87658],{"id":87657},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87660,87661],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[428,87663,87665],{"id":87664},"encodingutf-8",[15,87666,86612],{},[20,87668,87669],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[55,87671,87673],{"className":57,"code":87672,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87674,87675,87718],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,87676,87677,87679,87681,87683,87685,87688,87690,87692,87694,87696,87698,87700,87702,87704,87706,87708,87710,87712,87714,87716],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,87678,86236],{"class":368},[64,87680,86239],{"class":108},[64,87682,112],{"class":78},[64,87684,2686],{"class":320},[64,87686,87687],{"class":329},"message.txt",[64,87689,2686],{"class":320},[64,87691,86],{"class":78},[64,87693,3184],{"class":320},[64,87695,60146],{"class":329},[64,87697,2686],{"class":320},[64,87699,86],{"class":78},[64,87701,86261],{"class":8781},[64,87703,75],{"class":74},[64,87705,2686],{"class":320},[64,87707,86268],{"class":329},[64,87709,2686],{"class":320},[64,87711,133],{"class":78},[64,87713,46994],{"class":368},[64,87715,86278],{"class":86277},[64,87717,5989],{"class":78},[64,87719,87720,87722,87724,87726,87728,87730],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,87721,7670],{"class":108},[64,87723,112],{"class":78},[64,87725,86384],{"class":86277},[64,87727,148],{"class":78},[64,87729,86294],{"class":115},[64,87731,6792],{"class":78},[20,87733,87734],{},"Why it matters:",[30,87736,87737,87740,87743],{},[33,87738,87739],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[33,87741,87742],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[33,87744,87745],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[428,87747,87749],{"id":87748},"newline",[15,87750,87748],{},[20,87752,87753],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87755,87756],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[428,87758,87760],{"id":87759},"buffering",[15,87761,87759],{},[20,87763,87764],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,87766,87767],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[50,87769,87771],{"id":87770},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,87773,87774],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[428,87776,87778],{"id":87777},"filenotfounderror",[15,87779,87780],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,87782,87783],{},"This happens when:",[30,87785,87786,87789,87792],{},[33,87787,87788],{},"the file does not exist",[33,87790,87791],{},"the path is wrong",[33,87793,87794],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,87796,916],{},[55,87798,87800],{"className":57,"code":87799,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87801,87802,87845],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,87803,87804,87806,87808,87810,87812,87815,87817,87819,87821,87823,87825,87827,87829,87831,87833,87835,87837,87839,87841,87843],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,87805,86236],{"class":368},[64,87807,86239],{"class":108},[64,87809,112],{"class":78},[64,87811,2686],{"class":320},[64,87813,87814],{"class":329},"missing.txt",[64,87816,2686],{"class":320},[64,87818,86],{"class":78},[64,87820,3184],{"class":320},[64,87822,60146],{"class":329},[64,87824,2686],{"class":320},[64,87826,86],{"class":78},[64,87828,86261],{"class":8781},[64,87830,75],{"class":74},[64,87832,2686],{"class":320},[64,87834,86268],{"class":329},[64,87836,2686],{"class":320},[64,87838,133],{"class":78},[64,87840,46994],{"class":368},[64,87842,86278],{"class":86277},[64,87844,5989],{"class":78},[64,87846,87847,87849,87851,87853,87855,87857],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,87848,7670],{"class":108},[64,87850,112],{"class":78},[64,87852,86384],{"class":86277},[64,87854,148],{"class":78},[64,87856,86294],{"class":115},[64,87858,6792],{"class":78},[20,87860,87861,87862,896,87870,148],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[285,87863,87865,87866,87869],{"href":87864},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[64,87867,87868],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[285,87871,87873],{"href":87872},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[428,87875,87877],{"id":87876},"permissionerror",[15,87878,87879],{},"PermissionError",[20,87881,87882],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,87884,87885],{},"Example causes:",[30,87887,87888,87891,87894],{},[33,87889,87890],{},"the file is protected",[33,87892,87893],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[33,87895,87896],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,87898,87899,87900],{},"Related page: ",[285,87901,87903,87904,87907],{"href":87902},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[64,87905,87906],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[428,87909,87911],{"id":87910},"isadirectoryerror",[15,87912,87913],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,87915,87916],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,87918,916],{},[55,87920,87922],{"className":57,"code":87921,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87923,87924,87967],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,87925,87926,87928,87930,87932,87934,87937,87939,87941,87943,87945,87947,87949,87951,87953,87955,87957,87959,87961,87963,87965],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,87927,86236],{"class":368},[64,87929,86239],{"class":108},[64,87931,112],{"class":78},[64,87933,2686],{"class":320},[64,87935,87936],{"class":329},"my_folder",[64,87938,2686],{"class":320},[64,87940,86],{"class":78},[64,87942,3184],{"class":320},[64,87944,60146],{"class":329},[64,87946,2686],{"class":320},[64,87948,86],{"class":78},[64,87950,86261],{"class":8781},[64,87952,75],{"class":74},[64,87954,2686],{"class":320},[64,87956,86268],{"class":329},[64,87958,2686],{"class":320},[64,87960,133],{"class":78},[64,87962,46994],{"class":368},[64,87964,86278],{"class":86277},[64,87966,5989],{"class":78},[64,87968,87969,87971,87973,87975,87977,87979],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,87970,7670],{"class":108},[64,87972,112],{"class":78},[64,87974,86384],{"class":86277},[64,87976,148],{"class":78},[64,87978,86294],{"class":115},[64,87980,6792],{"class":78},[20,87982,87899,87983],{},[285,87984,87986,87987,87990],{"href":87985},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[64,87988,87989],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[428,87992,87994],{"id":87993},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,87995,87996],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,87998,87999,88000,148],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88001,86217],{},[20,88003,87899,88004],{},[285,88005,88007],{"href":88006},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[50,88009,88011],{"id":88010},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88013,88014,88015,88017],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88016,86217],{}," function.",[20,88019,88020],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[30,88022,88023,88026,88029,88035],{},[33,88024,88025],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[33,88027,88028],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[33,88030,88031,88032,88034],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88033,86217],{}," itself",[33,88036,88037,88038],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[285,88039,88041],{"href":88040},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[50,88043,2661],{"id":2660},[20,88045,88046,88047,160],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88048,86217],{},[30,88050,88051,88056,88062,88067,88070,88073],{},[33,88052,8020,88053,88055],{},[15,88054,86315],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[33,88057,88058,88059,88061],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88060,86516],{}," for text files",[33,88063,8020,88064,88066],{},[15,88065,86632],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[33,88068,88069],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[33,88071,88072],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[33,88074,88075],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88077,88078],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[55,88080,88082],{"className":57,"code":88081,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88083,88084,88091],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,88085,88086,88088],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,88087,34719],{"class":368},[64,88089,88090],{"class":70}," os\n",[64,88092,88093,88095,88097,88099,88101,88104],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,88094,125],{"class":108},[64,88096,112],{"class":78},[64,88098,42260],{"class":115},[64,88100,148],{"class":78},[64,88102,88103],{"class":115},"getcwd",[64,88105,6792],{"class":78},[20,88107,88108],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[55,88110,88112],{"className":57,"code":88111,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88113,88114,88120],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,88115,88116,88118],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,88117,34719],{"class":368},[64,88119,88090],{"class":70},[64,88121,88122,88124,88126,88128,88130,88133,88135,88138,88140,88142,88144,88146],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,88123,125],{"class":108},[64,88125,112],{"class":78},[64,88127,42260],{"class":115},[64,88129,148],{"class":78},[64,88131,88132],{"class":24372},"path",[64,88134,148],{"class":78},[64,88136,88137],{"class":115},"exists",[64,88139,112],{"class":78},[64,88141,2686],{"class":320},[64,88143,86246],{"class":329},[64,88145,2686],{"class":320},[64,88147,471],{"class":78},[20,88149,88150],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[55,88152,88154],{"className":57,"code":88153,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88155,88156,88162],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,88157,88158,88160],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,88159,34719],{"class":368},[64,88161,88090],{"class":70},[64,88163,88164,88166,88168,88170,88172,88174,88176,88179,88181,88183,88185,88187],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,88165,125],{"class":108},[64,88167,112],{"class":78},[64,88169,42260],{"class":115},[64,88171,148],{"class":78},[64,88173,88132],{"class":24372},[64,88175,148],{"class":78},[64,88177,88178],{"class":115},"isfile",[64,88180,112],{"class":78},[64,88182,2686],{"class":320},[64,88184,86246],{"class":329},[64,88186,2686],{"class":320},[64,88188,471],{"class":78},[20,88190,88191],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[55,88193,88195],{"className":57,"code":88194,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88196,88197,88239],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,88198,88199,88201,88203,88205,88207,88209,88211,88213,88215,88217,88219,88221,88223,88225,88227,88229,88231,88233,88235,88237],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,88200,86236],{"class":368},[64,88202,86239],{"class":108},[64,88204,112],{"class":78},[64,88206,2686],{"class":320},[64,88208,86246],{"class":329},[64,88210,2686],{"class":320},[64,88212,86],{"class":78},[64,88214,3184],{"class":320},[64,88216,60146],{"class":329},[64,88218,2686],{"class":320},[64,88220,86],{"class":78},[64,88222,86261],{"class":8781},[64,88224,75],{"class":74},[64,88226,2686],{"class":320},[64,88228,86268],{"class":329},[64,88230,2686],{"class":320},[64,88232,133],{"class":78},[64,88234,46994],{"class":368},[64,88236,86278],{"class":86277},[64,88238,5989],{"class":78},[64,88240,88241,88243,88245,88247,88249,88251],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,88242,7670],{"class":108},[64,88244,112],{"class":78},[64,88246,86384],{"class":86277},[64,88248,148],{"class":78},[64,88250,86294],{"class":115},[64,88252,6792],{"class":78},[20,88254,88255],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[50,88257,1651],{"id":1650},[428,88259,88261],{"id":88260},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88263,88264],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[428,88266,88268],{"id":88267},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88270,88271,88272,88274],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88273,86236],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[428,88276,1694,88278,896,88280,88282],{"id":88277},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88279,86632],{},[15,88281,17715],{}," mode?",[20,88284,88285,88287,88288,88290],{},[15,88286,86632],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88289,17715],{}," adds new content to the end.",[428,88292,88294],{"id":88293},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88296,88297],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[428,88299,88301],{"id":88300},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88303,88304,88305,88307],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88306,86612],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[50,88309,1717],{"id":1716},[30,88311,88312,88316,88320,88324,88328,88332,88336,88342],{},[33,88313,88314],{},[285,88315,87445],{"href":87444},[33,88317,88318],{},[285,88319,87650],{"href":87649},[33,88321,88322],{},[285,88323,87654],{"href":87653},[33,88325,88326],{},[285,88327,87449],{"href":87448},[33,88329,88330],{},[285,88331,88041],{"href":88040},[33,88333,88334],{},[285,88335,87873],{"href":87872},[33,88337,88338],{},[285,88339,87865,88340,87869],{"href":87864},[64,88341,87868],{},[33,88343,88344],{},[285,88345,87903,88346,87907],{"href":87902},[64,88347,87906],{},[1751,88349,88350],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":88352},[88353,88354,88355,88356,88357,88358,88359,88364,88365,88370,88376,88377,88378,88386],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":86319,"depth":100,"text":86320},{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":86616,"depth":100,"text":86617},{"id":86880,"depth":100,"text":86881},{"id":87004,"depth":100,"text":87005},{"id":87187,"depth":100,"text":87188,"children":88360},[88361,88362,88363],{"id":87197,"depth":122,"text":87198},{"id":87276,"depth":122,"text":87277},{"id":87359,"depth":122,"text":87360},{"id":87452,"depth":100,"text":87453},{"id":87657,"depth":100,"text":87658,"children":88366},[88367,88368,88369],{"id":87664,"depth":122,"text":86612},{"id":87748,"depth":122,"text":87748},{"id":87759,"depth":122,"text":87759},{"id":87770,"depth":100,"text":87771,"children":88371},[88372,88373,88374,88375],{"id":87777,"depth":122,"text":87780},{"id":87876,"depth":122,"text":87879},{"id":87910,"depth":122,"text":87913},{"id":87993,"depth":122,"text":87996},{"id":88010,"depth":100,"text":88011},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":88379},[88380,88381,88382,88384,88385],{"id":88260,"depth":122,"text":88261},{"id":88267,"depth":122,"text":88268},{"id":88277,"depth":122,"text":88383},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88293,"depth":122,"text":88294},{"id":88300,"depth":122,"text":88301},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86207,"description":88387},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88394,"title":88395,"body":88396,"description":90391,"extension":1791,"meta":90392,"navigation":346,"path":90393,"seo":90394,"stem":90395,"__hash__":90396},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88397,"toc":90338},[88398,88403,88408,88414,88416,88484,88486,88505,88510,88515,88520,88523,88535,88537,88580,88582,88600,88611,88613,88615,88640,88642,88653,88655,88715,88717,88743,88746,88750,88755,88759,88762,88796,88800,88803,88828,88832,88855,88859,88892,88897,88901,88906,88909,88977,88979,89003,89008,89011,89042,89044,89076,89093,89097,89102,89126,89133,89138,89143,89146,89150,89185,89187,89196,89200,89291,89293,89324,89329,89336,89341,89350,89353,89387,89389,89403,89407,89448,89450,89459,89463,89511,89513,89527,89532,89543,89550,89556,89558,89593,89595,89609,89612,89634,89640,89669,89680,89686,89692,89706,89708,89787,89789,89839,89846,89848,89853,89857,89860,89875,89880,89882,89901,89907,89910,89925,89927,89945,89951,89956,89986,89989,90012,90015,90042,90049,90055,90063,90086,90091,90099,90101,90121,90125,90131,90181,90184,90206,90208,90214,90222,90228,90234,90242,90247,90251,90254,90277,90282,90289,90301,90303,90335],[10,88399,13,88401,18],{"id":88400},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88402,46088],{},[20,88404,31943,88405,88407],{},[15,88406,46088],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88409,88410,88411,88413],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88412,46088],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[50,88415,1833],{"id":1832},[55,88417,88419],{"className":57,"code":88418,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88420,88421,88433,88442,88446,88456,88466],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,88422,88423,88425,88427,88429,88431],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,88424,7477],{"class":70},[64,88426,75],{"class":74},[64,88428,3184],{"class":320},[64,88430,7522],{"class":329},[64,88432,3190],{"class":320},[64,88434,88435,88437,88439],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,88436,21249],{"class":70},[64,88438,75],{"class":74},[64,88440,88441],{"class":82}," 12\n",[64,88443,88444],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,88445,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,88447,88448,88450,88452,88454],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,88449,125],{"class":108},[64,88451,112],{"class":78},[64,88453,7267],{"class":115},[64,88455,119],{"class":78},[64,88457,88458,88460,88462,88464],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,88459,125],{"class":108},[64,88461,112],{"class":78},[64,88463,8905],{"class":115},[64,88465,119],{"class":78},[64,88467,88468,88470,88472,88474,88476,88478,88480,88482],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,88469,125],{"class":108},[64,88471,112],{"class":78},[64,88473,2686],{"class":320},[64,88475,34495],{"class":329},[64,88477,2686],{"class":320},[64,88479,86],{"class":78},[64,88481,35621],{"class":115},[64,88483,119],{"class":78},[20,88485,384],{},[55,88487,88489],{"className":57,"code":88488,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88490,88491,88496,88500],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,88492,88493],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,88494,88495],{"class":70},"Mia\n",[64,88497,88498],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,88499,2055],{"class":82},[64,88501,88502],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,88503,88504],{"class":70},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88506,1923,88507,88509],{},[15,88508,46088],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[50,88511,152,88513,155],{"id":88512},"what-print-does",[15,88514,46088],{},[20,88516,88517,88519],{},[15,88518,46088],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88521,88522],{},"You can use it to display:",[30,88524,88525,88527,88529,88532],{},[33,88526,34336],{},[33,88528,116],{},[33,88530,88531],{},"variables",[33,88533,88534],{},"expressions",[20,88536,916],{},[55,88538,88540],{"className":57,"code":88539,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88541,88542,88556,88566],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,88543,88544,88546,88548,88550,88552,88554],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,88545,125],{"class":108},[64,88547,112],{"class":78},[64,88549,2686],{"class":320},[64,88551,34495],{"class":329},[64,88553,2686],{"class":320},[64,88555,119],{"class":78},[64,88557,88558,88560,88562,88564],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,88559,125],{"class":108},[64,88561,112],{"class":78},[64,88563,1107],{"class":82},[64,88565,119],{"class":78},[64,88567,88568,88570,88572,88574,88576,88578],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,88569,125],{"class":108},[64,88571,112],{"class":78},[64,88573,815],{"class":82},[64,88575,2283],{"class":74},[64,88577,94],{"class":82},[64,88579,119],{"class":78},[20,88581,384],{},[55,88583,88585],{"className":57,"code":88584,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88586,88587,88592,88596],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,88588,88589],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,88590,88591],{"class":70},"Hello\n",[64,88593,88594],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,88595,2779],{"class":82},[64,88597,88598],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,88599,2779],{"class":82},[20,88601,88602,88603,88605,88606,88610],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88604,46088],{}," ",[221,88607,168,88608],{},[15,88609,258],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[50,88612,1988],{"id":1987},[20,88614,30350],{},[55,88616,88618],{"className":57,"code":88617,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88619,88620],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,88621,88622,88624,88626,88629,88631,88634,88636,88638],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,88623,125],{"class":108},[64,88625,112],{"class":78},[64,88627,88628],{"class":115},"object1",[64,88630,86],{"class":78},[64,88632,88633],{"class":115}," object2",[64,88635,86],{"class":78},[64,88637,34081],{"class":108},[64,88639,119],{"class":78},[20,88641,79845],{},[30,88643,88644,88647,88650],{},[33,88645,88646],{},"one value",[33,88648,88649],{},"many values",[33,88651,88652],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88654,916],{},[55,88656,88658],{"className":57,"code":88657,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88659,88660,88674,88693],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,88661,88662,88664,88666,88668,88670,88672],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,88663,125],{"class":108},[64,88665,112],{"class":78},[64,88667,2686],{"class":320},[64,88669,57408],{"class":329},[64,88671,2686],{"class":320},[64,88673,119],{"class":78},[64,88675,88676,88678,88680,88682,88685,88687,88689,88691],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,88677,125],{"class":108},[64,88679,112],{"class":78},[64,88681,2686],{"class":320},[64,88683,88684],{"class":329},"Score:",[64,88686,2686],{"class":320},[64,88688,86],{"class":78},[64,88690,5599],{"class":82},[64,88692,119],{"class":78},[64,88694,88695,88697,88699,88701,88703,88705,88707,88709,88711,88713],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,88696,125],{"class":108},[64,88698,112],{"class":78},[64,88700,2686],{"class":320},[64,88702,45199],{"class":329},[64,88704,2686],{"class":320},[64,88706,86],{"class":78},[64,88708,2286],{"class":82},[64,88710,2283],{"class":74},[64,88712,37275],{"class":82},[64,88714,119],{"class":78},[20,88716,384],{},[55,88718,88720],{"className":57,"code":88719,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88721,88722,88726,88735],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,88723,88724],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,88725,84998],{"class":70},[64,88727,88728,88731,88733],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,88729,88730],{"class":70},"Score",[64,88732,160],{"class":78},[64,88734,2417],{"class":82},[64,88736,88737,88739,88741],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,88738,45239],{"class":70},[64,88740,160],{"class":78},[64,88742,2417],{"class":82},[20,88744,88745],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[50,88747,88749],{"id":88748},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88751,88752,88753,148],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88754,46088],{},[428,88756,88758],{"id":88757},"print-text","Print text",[20,88760,88761],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[55,88763,88765],{"className":57,"code":88764,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88766,88767,88781],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,88768,88769,88771,88773,88775,88777,88779],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,88770,125],{"class":108},[64,88772,112],{"class":78},[64,88774,2686],{"class":320},[64,88776,34495],{"class":329},[64,88778,2686],{"class":320},[64,88780,119],{"class":78},[64,88782,88783,88785,88787,88789,88792,88794],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,88784,125],{"class":108},[64,88786,112],{"class":78},[64,88788,2686],{"class":320},[64,88790,88791],{"class":329},"Python is fun",[64,88793,2686],{"class":320},[64,88795,119],{"class":78},[428,88797,88799],{"id":88798},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,88801,88802],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[55,88804,88806],{"className":57,"code":88805,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,88807,88808,88818],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,88809,88810,88812,88814,88816],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,88811,125],{"class":108},[64,88813,112],{"class":78},[64,88815,1107],{"class":82},[64,88817,119],{"class":78},[64,88819,88820,88822,88824,88826],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,88821,125],{"class":108},[64,88823,112],{"class":78},[64,88825,39776],{"class":82},[64,88827,119],{"class":78},[428,88829,88831],{"id":88830},"print-variables","Print variables",[55,88833,88835],{"className":57,"code":88834,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,88836,88837,88845],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,88838,88839,88841,88843],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,88840,1606],{"class":70},[64,88842,75],{"class":74},[64,88844,13746],{"class":82},[64,88846,88847,88849,88851,88853],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,88848,125],{"class":108},[64,88850,112],{"class":78},[64,88852,85162],{"class":115},[64,88854,119],{"class":78},[428,88856,88858],{"id":88857},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[55,88860,88862],{"className":57,"code":88861,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,88863,88864,88878],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,88865,88866,88868,88870,88872,88874,88876],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,88867,125],{"class":108},[64,88869,112],{"class":78},[64,88871,815],{"class":82},[64,88873,2283],{"class":74},[64,88875,94],{"class":82},[64,88877,119],{"class":78},[64,88879,88880,88882,88884,88886,88888,88890],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,88881,125],{"class":108},[64,88883,112],{"class":78},[64,88885,2160],{"class":82},[64,88887,82474],{"class":74},[64,88889,2286],{"class":82},[64,88891,119],{"class":78},[20,88893,88894,88895,148],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[285,88896,50614],{"href":50613},[50,88898,88900],{"id":88899},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,88902,88903,88905],{},[15,88904,46088],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,88907,88908],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[55,88910,88912],{"className":57,"code":88911,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88913,88914,88927,88935,88939,88958],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,88915,88916,88918,88920,88922,88925],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,88917,7477],{"class":70},[64,88919,75],{"class":74},[64,88921,3184],{"class":320},[64,88923,88924],{"class":329},"Ava",[64,88926,3190],{"class":320},[64,88928,88929,88931,88933],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,88930,21249],{"class":70},[64,88932,75],{"class":74},[64,88934,2417],{"class":82},[64,88936,88937],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,88938,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,88940,88941,88943,88945,88947,88950,88952,88954,88956],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,88942,125],{"class":108},[64,88944,112],{"class":78},[64,88946,2686],{"class":320},[64,88948,88949],{"class":329},"Name:",[64,88951,2686],{"class":320},[64,88953,86],{"class":78},[64,88955,35621],{"class":115},[64,88957,119],{"class":78},[64,88959,88960,88962,88964,88966,88969,88971,88973,88975],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,88961,125],{"class":108},[64,88963,112],{"class":78},[64,88965,2686],{"class":320},[64,88967,88968],{"class":329},"Age:",[64,88970,2686],{"class":320},[64,88972,86],{"class":78},[64,88974,8794],{"class":115},[64,88976,119],{"class":78},[20,88978,384],{},[55,88980,88982],{"className":57,"code":88981,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,88983,88984,88994],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,88985,88986,88989,88991],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,88987,88988],{"class":70},"Name",[64,88990,160],{"class":78},[64,88992,88993],{"class":70}," Ava\n",[64,88995,88996,88999,89001],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,88997,88998],{"class":70},"Age",[64,89000,160],{"class":78},[64,89002,2417],{"class":82},[20,89004,89005,89006,148],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89007,1889],{},[20,89009,89010],{},"For example, this works:",[55,89012,89014],{"className":57,"code":89013,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89015,89016,89024],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,89017,89018,89020,89022],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89019,21249],{"class":70},[64,89021,75],{"class":74},[64,89023,2417],{"class":82},[64,89025,89026,89028,89030,89032,89034,89036,89038,89040],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,89027,125],{"class":108},[64,89029,112],{"class":78},[64,89031,2686],{"class":320},[64,89033,88968],{"class":329},[64,89035,2686],{"class":320},[64,89037,86],{"class":78},[64,89039,8794],{"class":115},[64,89041,119],{"class":78},[20,89043,36557],{},[55,89045,89047],{"className":57,"code":89046,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89048,89049,89057],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,89050,89051,89053,89055],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89052,21249],{"class":70},[64,89054,75],{"class":74},[64,89056,2417],{"class":82},[64,89058,89059,89061,89063,89065,89068,89070,89072,89074],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,89060,125],{"class":108},[64,89062,112],{"class":78},[64,89064,2686],{"class":320},[64,89066,89067],{"class":329},"Age: ",[64,89069,2686],{"class":320},[64,89071,2283],{"class":74},[64,89073,8794],{"class":115},[64,89075,119],{"class":78},[20,89077,89078,89079,89082,89083,89085,89086,89088,89089,148],{},"That fails because ",[15,89080,89081],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89084,8905],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89087,1889],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[285,89090,89091],{"href":41809},[15,89092,47320],{},[50,89094,89096],{"id":89095},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89098,89099,89101],{},[15,89100,46088],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[30,89103,89104,89110,89115,89120],{},[33,89105,89106,89109],{},[15,89107,89108],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[33,89111,89112,89114],{},[15,89113,52299],{}," controls what is added after the output",[33,89116,89117,89119],{},[15,89118,86384],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[33,89121,89122,89125],{},[15,89123,89124],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89127,89128,89129,896,89131,148],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89130,89108],{},[15,89132,52299],{},[50,89134,89136,36246],{"id":89135},"sep-argument",[15,89137,89108],{},[20,89139,1808,89140,89142],{},[15,89141,89108],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89144,89145],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[428,89147,89149],{"id":89148},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[55,89151,89153],{"className":57,"code":89152,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89154,89155],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,89156,89157,89159,89161,89163,89165,89167,89169,89171,89173,89175,89177,89179,89181,89183],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89158,125],{"class":108},[64,89160,112],{"class":78},[64,89162,2686],{"class":320},[64,89164,12707],{"class":329},[64,89166,2686],{"class":320},[64,89168,86],{"class":78},[64,89170,3184],{"class":320},[64,89172,17074],{"class":329},[64,89174,2686],{"class":320},[64,89176,86],{"class":78},[64,89178,3184],{"class":320},[64,89180,12724],{"class":329},[64,89182,2686],{"class":320},[64,89184,119],{"class":78},[20,89186,384],{},[55,89188,89190],{"className":57,"code":89189,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"red green blue\n",[15,89191,89192],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,89193,89194],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89195,89189],{"class":70},[428,89197,89199],{"id":89198},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[55,89201,89203],{"className":57,"code":89202,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89204,89205,89248],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,89206,89207,89209,89211,89213,89215,89217,89219,89221,89223,89225,89227,89229,89231,89233,89235,89238,89240,89242,89244,89246],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89208,125],{"class":108},[64,89210,112],{"class":78},[64,89212,2686],{"class":320},[64,89214,12707],{"class":329},[64,89216,2686],{"class":320},[64,89218,86],{"class":78},[64,89220,3184],{"class":320},[64,89222,17074],{"class":329},[64,89224,2686],{"class":320},[64,89226,86],{"class":78},[64,89228,3184],{"class":320},[64,89230,12724],{"class":329},[64,89232,2686],{"class":320},[64,89234,86],{"class":78},[64,89236,89237],{"class":8781}," sep",[64,89239,75],{"class":74},[64,89241,2686],{"class":320},[64,89243,86],{"class":329},[64,89245,2686],{"class":320},[64,89247,119],{"class":78},[64,89249,89250,89252,89254,89256,89258,89260,89262,89264,89266,89268,89270,89272,89274,89276,89278,89280,89282,89284,89287,89289],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,89251,125],{"class":108},[64,89253,112],{"class":78},[64,89255,2686],{"class":320},[64,89257,12707],{"class":329},[64,89259,2686],{"class":320},[64,89261,86],{"class":78},[64,89263,3184],{"class":320},[64,89265,17074],{"class":329},[64,89267,2686],{"class":320},[64,89269,86],{"class":78},[64,89271,3184],{"class":320},[64,89273,12724],{"class":329},[64,89275,2686],{"class":320},[64,89277,86],{"class":78},[64,89279,89237],{"class":8781},[64,89281,75],{"class":74},[64,89283,2686],{"class":320},[64,89285,89286],{"class":329}," - ",[64,89288,2686],{"class":320},[64,89290,119],{"class":78},[20,89292,384],{},[55,89294,89296],{"className":57,"code":89295,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89297,89298,89310],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,89299,89300,89302,89304,89306,89308],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89301,12707],{"class":70},[64,89303,86],{"class":78},[64,89305,17074],{"class":70},[64,89307,86],{"class":78},[64,89309,69623],{"class":70},[64,89311,89312,89315,89317,89320,89322],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,89313,89314],{"class":70},"red ",[64,89316,1852],{"class":74},[64,89318,89319],{"class":70}," green ",[64,89321,1852],{"class":74},[64,89323,35510],{"class":70},[20,89325,89326,89328],{},[15,89327,89108],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89330,89331,89332,148],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[285,89333,89335],{"href":89334},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[50,89337,89339,36246],{"id":89338},"end-argument",[15,89340,52299],{},[20,89342,89343,89344,89346,89347,89349],{},"By default, ",[15,89345,46088],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89348,46088],{}," starts on a new line.",[428,89351,89149],{"id":89352},"default-behavior-1",[55,89354,89356],{"className":57,"code":89355,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89357,89358,89372],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,89359,89360,89362,89364,89366,89368,89370],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89361,125],{"class":108},[64,89363,112],{"class":78},[64,89365,2686],{"class":320},[64,89367,34495],{"class":329},[64,89369,2686],{"class":320},[64,89371,119],{"class":78},[64,89373,89374,89376,89378,89380,89383,89385],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,89375,125],{"class":108},[64,89377,112],{"class":78},[64,89379,2686],{"class":320},[64,89381,89382],{"class":329},"World",[64,89384,2686],{"class":320},[64,89386,119],{"class":78},[20,89388,384],{},[55,89390,89392],{"className":57,"code":89391,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89393,89394,89398],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,89395,89396],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89397,88591],{"class":70},[64,89399,89400],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,89401,89402],{"class":70},"World\n",[428,89404,89406],{"id":89405},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[55,89408,89410],{"className":57,"code":89409,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89411,89412,89434],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,89413,89414,89416,89418,89420,89422,89424,89426,89428,89430,89432],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89415,125],{"class":108},[64,89417,112],{"class":78},[64,89419,2686],{"class":320},[64,89421,34495],{"class":329},[64,89423,2686],{"class":320},[64,89425,86],{"class":78},[64,89427,64682],{"class":8781},[64,89429,75],{"class":74},[64,89431,5867],{"class":320},[64,89433,119],{"class":78},[64,89435,89436,89438,89440,89442,89444,89446],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,89437,125],{"class":108},[64,89439,112],{"class":78},[64,89441,2686],{"class":320},[64,89443,89382],{"class":329},[64,89445,2686],{"class":320},[64,89447,119],{"class":78},[20,89449,384],{},[55,89451,89453],{"className":57,"code":89452,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89454,89455],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,89456,89457],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89458,89452],{"class":70},[428,89460,89462],{"id":89461},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[55,89464,89466],{"className":57,"code":89465,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89467,89468,89497],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,89469,89470,89472,89474,89476,89478,89480,89482,89484,89486,89488,89491,89493,89495],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89471,125],{"class":108},[64,89473,112],{"class":78},[64,89475,2686],{"class":320},[64,89477,34495],{"class":329},[64,89479,2686],{"class":320},[64,89481,86],{"class":78},[64,89483,64682],{"class":8781},[64,89485,75],{"class":74},[64,89487,2686],{"class":320},[64,89489,89490],{"class":329},"!",[64,89492,86795],{"class":34080},[64,89494,2686],{"class":320},[64,89496,119],{"class":78},[64,89498,89499,89501,89503,89505,89507,89509],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,89500,125],{"class":108},[64,89502,112],{"class":78},[64,89504,2686],{"class":320},[64,89506,89382],{"class":329},[64,89508,2686],{"class":320},[64,89510,119],{"class":78},[20,89512,384],{},[55,89514,89516],{"className":57,"code":89515,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89517,89518,89523],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,89519,89520],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89521,89522],{"class":70},"Hello!\n",[64,89524,89525],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,89526,89402],{"class":70},[20,89528,1808,89529,89531],{},[15,89530,52299],{}," argument is useful for:",[30,89533,89534,89537,89540],{},[33,89535,89536],{},"progress messages",[33,89538,89539],{},"inline output",[33,89541,89542],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[50,89544,89546,44,89548],{"id":89545},"print-returns-none",[15,89547,46088],{},[15,89549,258],{},[20,89551,89552,89553,89555],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89554,46088],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89557,916],{},[55,89559,89561],{"className":57,"code":89560,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89562,89563,89583],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,89564,89565,89567,89569,89572,89574,89576,89579,89581],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89566,103],{"class":70},[64,89568,75],{"class":74},[64,89570,89571],{"class":108}," print",[64,89573,112],{"class":78},[64,89575,2686],{"class":320},[64,89577,89578],{"class":329},"Hi",[64,89580,2686],{"class":320},[64,89582,119],{"class":78},[64,89584,89585,89587,89589,89591],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,89586,125],{"class":108},[64,89588,112],{"class":78},[64,89590,130],{"class":115},[64,89592,119],{"class":78},[20,89594,384],{},[55,89596,89598],{"className":57,"code":89597,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89599,89600,89605],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,89601,89602],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89603,89604],{"class":70},"Hi\n",[64,89606,89607],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,89608,11420],{"class":338},[20,89610,89611],{},"Why does this happen?",[30,89613,89614,89622,89627],{},[33,89615,89616,89619,89620],{},[15,89617,89618],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89621,89578],{},[33,89623,89624,89625],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89626,258],{},[33,89628,89629,89630,11532,89632],{},"so ",[15,89631,130],{},[15,89633,258],{},[20,89635,89636,89637,89639],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89638,46088],{}," call.",[55,89641,89643],{"className":57,"code":89642,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89644,89645,89658],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,89646,89647,89650,89652,89654,89656],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89648,89649],{"class":70},"message ",[64,89651,75],{"class":74},[64,89653,3184],{"class":320},[64,89655,89578],{"class":329},[64,89657,3190],{"class":320},[64,89659,89660,89662,89664,89667],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,89661,125],{"class":108},[64,89663,112],{"class":78},[64,89665,89666],{"class":115},"message",[64,89668,119],{"class":78},[20,89670,89671,89672,89674,89675,89679],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89673,46088],{}," with functions like ",[285,89676,89677],{"href":7821},[15,89678,2790],{},", which do return a value.",[50,89681,89683,89684],{"id":89682},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89685,46088],{},[20,89687,89688,89689,89691],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89690,46088],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[30,89693,89694,89697,89700,89703],{},[33,89695,89696],{},"to display results to the user",[33,89698,89699],{},"to show messages in a script",[33,89701,89702],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[33,89704,89705],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89707,916],{},[55,89709,89711],{"className":57,"code":89710,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89712,89713,89721,89725,89745,89756],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,89714,89715,89717,89719],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89716,40816],{"class":70},[64,89718,75],{"class":74},[64,89720,38145],{"class":82},[64,89722,89723],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,89724,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,89726,89727,89729,89731,89733,89735,89737,89739,89741,89743],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,89728,5552],{"class":368},[64,89730,5982],{"class":70},[64,89732,375],{"class":368},[64,89734,53709],{"class":108},[64,89736,112],{"class":78},[64,89738,83],{"class":82},[64,89740,86],{"class":78},[64,89742,2286],{"class":82},[64,89744,7944],{"class":78},[64,89746,89747,89750,89753],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,89748,89749],{"class":70},"    total ",[64,89751,89752],{"class":74},"+=",[64,89754,89755],{"class":70}," number\n",[64,89757,89758,89760,89762,89764,89767,89769,89771,89773,89775,89777,89779,89781,89783,89785],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,89759,7670],{"class":108},[64,89761,112],{"class":78},[64,89763,2686],{"class":320},[64,89765,89766],{"class":329},"Current number:",[64,89768,2686],{"class":320},[64,89770,86],{"class":78},[64,89772,2028],{"class":115},[64,89774,86],{"class":78},[64,89776,3184],{"class":320},[64,89778,45199],{"class":329},[64,89780,2686],{"class":320},[64,89782,86],{"class":78},[64,89784,45206],{"class":115},[64,89786,119],{"class":78},[20,89788,384],{},[55,89790,89792],{"className":57,"code":89791,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,89793,89794,89810,89824],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,89795,89796,89799,89801,89803,89806,89808],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89797,89798],{"class":70},"Current number",[64,89800,160],{"class":78},[64,89802,5091],{"class":82},[64,89804,89805],{"class":70}," Total",[64,89807,160],{"class":78},[64,89809,29239],{"class":82},[64,89811,89812,89814,89816,89818,89820,89822],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,89813,89798],{"class":70},[64,89815,160],{"class":78},[64,89817,89],{"class":82},[64,89819,89805],{"class":70},[64,89821,160],{"class":78},[64,89823,2407],{"class":82},[64,89825,89826,89828,89830,89832,89834,89836],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,89827,89798],{"class":70},[64,89829,160],{"class":78},[64,89831,94],{"class":82},[64,89833,89805],{"class":70},[64,89835,160],{"class":78},[64,89837,89838],{"class":82}," 6\n",[20,89840,89841,89842,148],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[285,89843,89845],{"href":89844},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[50,89847,2661],{"id":2660},[20,89849,89850,89851,148],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,89852,46088],{},[428,89854,89856],{"id":89855},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,89858,89859],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[55,89861,89863],{"className":57,"code":89862,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(Hello)\n",[15,89864,89865],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,89866,89867,89869,89871,89873],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89868,125],{"class":108},[64,89870,112],{"class":78},[64,89872,34495],{"class":115},[64,89874,119],{"class":78},[20,89876,8480,89877,89879],{},[15,89878,34495],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,89881,10416],{},[55,89883,89885],{"className":57,"code":89884,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89886,89887],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,89888,89889,89891,89893,89895,89897,89899],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89890,125],{"class":108},[64,89892,112],{"class":78},[64,89894,2686],{"class":320},[64,89896,34495],{"class":329},[64,89898,2686],{"class":320},[64,89900,119],{"class":78},[428,89902,8020,89904,89906],{"id":89903},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,89905,125],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,89908,89909],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[55,89911,89913],{"className":57,"code":89912,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,89914,89915],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,89916,89917,89919,89921,89923],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89918,125],{"class":108},[64,89920,3184],{"class":320},[64,89922,34495],{"class":329},[64,89924,3190],{"class":320},[20,89926,10416],{},[55,89928,89929],{"className":57,"code":89884,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,89930,89931],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,89932,89933,89935,89937,89939,89941,89943],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89934,125],{"class":108},[64,89936,112],{"class":78},[64,89938,2686],{"class":320},[64,89940,34495],{"class":329},[64,89942,2686],{"class":320},[64,89944,119],{"class":78},[428,89946,89948,89949],{"id":89947},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,89950,1889],{},[20,89952,89953,89954,148],{},"This causes a ",[15,89955,2835],{},[55,89957,89958],{"className":57,"code":89046,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,89959,89960,89968],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,89961,89962,89964,89966],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89963,21249],{"class":70},[64,89965,75],{"class":74},[64,89967,2417],{"class":82},[64,89969,89970,89972,89974,89976,89978,89980,89982,89984],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,89971,125],{"class":108},[64,89973,112],{"class":78},[64,89975,2686],{"class":320},[64,89977,89067],{"class":329},[64,89979,2686],{"class":320},[64,89981,2283],{"class":74},[64,89983,8794],{"class":115},[64,89985,119],{"class":78},[20,89987,89988],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[55,89990,89992],{"className":57,"code":89991,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89993,89994],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,89995,89996,89998,90000,90002,90004,90006,90008,90010],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,89997,125],{"class":108},[64,89999,112],{"class":78},[64,90001,2686],{"class":320},[64,90003,88968],{"class":329},[64,90005,2686],{"class":320},[64,90007,86],{"class":78},[64,90009,8794],{"class":115},[64,90011,119],{"class":78},[20,90013,90014],{},"Or convert the number first:",[55,90016,90018],{"className":57,"code":90017,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90019,90020],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,90021,90022,90024,90026,90028,90030,90032,90034,90036,90038,90040],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90023,125],{"class":108},[64,90025,112],{"class":78},[64,90027,2686],{"class":320},[64,90029,89067],{"class":329},[64,90031,2686],{"class":320},[64,90033,2283],{"class":74},[64,90035,48541],{"class":357},[64,90037,112],{"class":78},[64,90039,8905],{"class":115},[64,90041,471],{"class":78},[20,90043,90044,90045,148],{},"If you see this error, read ",[285,90046,90048],{"href":90047},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[428,90050,8056,90052,90054],{"id":90051},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90053,46088],{}," to return a value",[20,90056,90057,90058,34958,90061,160],{},"This does not store ",[15,90059,90060],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90062,130],{},[55,90064,90066],{"className":57,"code":90065,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90067,90068],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,90069,90070,90072,90074,90076,90078,90080,90082,90084],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90071,103],{"class":70},[64,90073,75],{"class":74},[64,90075,89571],{"class":108},[64,90077,112],{"class":78},[64,90079,2686],{"class":320},[64,90081,34495],{"class":329},[64,90083,2686],{"class":320},[64,90085,119],{"class":78},[20,90087,90088,90089,148],{},"It stores ",[15,90090,258],{},[428,90092,90094,90095,896,90097],{"id":90093},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90096,89108],{},[15,90098,52299],{},[20,90100,85454],{},[30,90102,90103,90112],{},[33,90104,90105,90107,90108,90111],{},[15,90106,89108],{}," changes what goes ",[221,90109,90110],{},"between"," multiple values",[33,90113,90114,90116,90117,90120],{},[15,90115,52299],{}," changes what appears ",[221,90118,90119],{},"after"," the output",[50,90122,90124],{"id":90123},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90126,90127,90128,90130],{},"These simple ",[15,90129,46088],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[55,90132,90134],{"className":57,"code":90133,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90135,90136,90156,90171],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,90137,90138,90140,90142,90144,90147,90149,90151,90154],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90139,125],{"class":108},[64,90141,112],{"class":78},[64,90143,2686],{"class":320},[64,90145,90146],{"class":329},"Debug:",[64,90148,2686],{"class":320},[64,90150,86],{"class":78},[64,90152,90153],{"class":115}," variable_name",[64,90155,119],{"class":78},[64,90157,90158,90160,90162,90164,90166,90169],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,90159,125],{"class":108},[64,90161,112],{"class":78},[64,90163,3052],{"class":357},[64,90165,112],{"class":78},[64,90167,90168],{"class":115},"variable_name",[64,90170,471],{"class":78},[64,90172,90173,90175,90177,90179],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,90174,31778],{"class":108},[64,90176,112],{"class":78},[64,90178,125],{"class":108},[64,90180,119],{"class":78},[20,90182,90183],{},"What they do:",[30,90185,90186,90192,90198],{},[33,90187,90188,90191],{},[15,90189,90190],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[33,90193,90194,90197],{},[15,90195,90196],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[33,90199,90200,90203,90204],{},[15,90201,90202],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90205,46088],{},[50,90207,1651],{"id":1650},[428,90209,12317,90211,90213],{"id":90210},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90212,46088],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90215,90216,90217,90219,90220,36252],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90218,46088],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90221,52299],{},[428,90223,1684,90225,90227],{"id":90224},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90226,46088],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90229,90230,90231,90233],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90232,46088],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[428,90235,1671,90237,1674,90240,1677],{"id":90236},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90238,90239],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90241,258],{},[20,90243,28685,90244,90246],{},[15,90245,46088],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[428,90248,90250],{"id":90249},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90252,90253],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[55,90255,90257],{"className":57,"code":90256,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90258,90259],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,90260,90261,90263,90265,90267,90269,90271,90273,90275],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90262,125],{"class":108},[64,90264,112],{"class":78},[64,90266,2686],{"class":320},[64,90268,88968],{"class":329},[64,90270,2686],{"class":320},[64,90272,86],{"class":78},[64,90274,5599],{"class":82},[64,90276,119],{"class":78},[20,90278,90279,90280,39562],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90281,47320],{},[428,90283,1694,90285,896,90287,1677],{"id":90284},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90286,89108],{},[15,90288,52299],{},[30,90290,90291,90296],{},[33,90292,90293,90295],{},[15,90294,89108],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[33,90297,90298,90300],{},[15,90299,52299],{}," changes what appears after the output",[50,90302,1717],{"id":1716},[30,90304,90305,90309,90315,90321,90326,90331],{},[33,90306,90307],{},[285,90308,50614],{"href":50613},[33,90310,90311],{},[285,90312,13,90313,1713],{"href":7821},[15,90314,2790],{},[33,90316,90317],{},[285,90318,13,90319,1713],{"href":41809},[15,90320,47320],{},[33,90322,90323],{},[285,90324,90325],{"href":89334},"How to format strings in Python",[33,90327,90328],{},[285,90329,90330],{"href":89844},"How to debug Python code",[33,90332,90333],{},[285,90334,90048],{"href":90047},[1751,90336,90337],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":90339},[90340,90341,90343,90344,90350,90351,90352,90357,90363,90365,90367,90378,90379,90390],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":88512,"depth":100,"text":90342},"What print() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":88748,"depth":100,"text":88749,"children":90345},[90346,90347,90348,90349],{"id":88757,"depth":122,"text":88758},{"id":88798,"depth":122,"text":88799},{"id":88830,"depth":122,"text":88831},{"id":88857,"depth":122,"text":88858},{"id":88899,"depth":100,"text":88900},{"id":89095,"depth":100,"text":89096},{"id":89135,"depth":100,"text":90353,"children":90354},"sep argument",[90355,90356],{"id":89148,"depth":122,"text":89149},{"id":89198,"depth":122,"text":89199},{"id":89338,"depth":100,"text":90358,"children":90359},"end argument",[90360,90361,90362],{"id":89352,"depth":122,"text":89149},{"id":89405,"depth":122,"text":89406},{"id":89461,"depth":122,"text":89462},{"id":89545,"depth":100,"text":90364},"print() returns None",{"id":89682,"depth":100,"text":90366},"When beginners use print()",{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661,"children":90368},[90369,90370,90372,90374,90376],{"id":89855,"depth":122,"text":89856},{"id":89903,"depth":122,"text":90371},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":89947,"depth":122,"text":90373},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90051,"depth":122,"text":90375},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90093,"depth":122,"text":90377},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90123,"depth":100,"text":90124},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":90380},[90381,90383,90385,90387,90388],{"id":90210,"depth":122,"text":90382},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90224,"depth":122,"text":90384},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90236,"depth":122,"text":90386},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90249,"depth":122,"text":90250},{"id":90284,"depth":122,"text":90389},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88395,"description":90391},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90398,"title":90399,"body":90400,"description":92704,"extension":1791,"meta":92705,"navigation":346,"path":92706,"seo":92707,"stem":92708,"__hash__":92709},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90401,"toc":92650},[90402,90407,90412,90425,90427,90492,90503,90508,90513,90515,90538,90541,90572,90574,90591,90596,90602,90607,90656,90659,90676,90682,90687,90710,90712,90740,90746,90754,90781,90783,90808,90814,90817,90848,90850,90879,90883,90886,90891,90913,90915,90943,90949,90955,90981,90983,91007,91013,91019,91049,91051,91079,91089,91093,91099,91132,91134,91163,91166,91169,91202,91204,91212,91218,91220,91243,91248,91257,91262,91276,91278,91318,91320,91350,91354,91389,91395,91399,91443,91445,91475,91481,91484,91563,91565,91587,91595,91598,91661,91669,91744,91750,91757,91762,91767,91790,91792,91813,91815,91828,91830,91877,91879,91918,91927,91929,91933,91937,91940,91967,91970,91999,92002,92026,92029,92037,92043,92065,92067,92095,92099,92104,92159,92164,92166,92223,92230,92239,92242,92274,92276,92284,92287,92293,92295,92318,92321,92327,92330,92349,92351,92370,92373,92395,92397,92425,92429,92433,92538,92540,92553,92555,92561,92564,92572,92577,92583,92589,92594,92602,92608,92615,92617,92647],[10,90403,13,90405,18],{"id":90404},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90406,35828],{},[20,90408,31943,90409,90411],{},[15,90410,35828],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90413,90414,90415,90417,90418,90420,90421,90424],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90416,5552],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90419,35828],{}," stops ",[221,90422,90423],{},"before"," the end value.",[50,90426,1833],{"id":1832},[55,90428,90430],{"className":57,"code":90429,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90431,90432,90448,90458,90462,90467,90472,90477,90482,90487],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,90433,90434,90436,90438,90440,90442,90444,90446],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90435,5552],{"class":368},[64,90437,69190],{"class":70},[64,90439,375],{"class":368},[64,90441,53709],{"class":108},[64,90443,112],{"class":78},[64,90445,1107],{"class":82},[64,90447,7944],{"class":78},[64,90449,90450,90452,90454,90456],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,90451,7670],{"class":108},[64,90453,112],{"class":78},[64,90455,35784],{"class":115},[64,90457,119],{"class":78},[64,90459,90460],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,90461,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,90463,90464],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,90465,90466],{"class":136},"# Output:\n",[64,90468,90469],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,90470,90471],{"class":136},"# 0\n",[64,90473,90474],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,90475,90476],{"class":136},"# 1\n",[64,90478,90479],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,90480,90481],{"class":136},"# 2\n",[64,90483,90484],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,90485,90486],{"class":136},"# 3\n",[64,90488,90489],{"class":66,"line":6028},[64,90490,90491],{"class":136},"# 4\n",[20,90493,90494,90497,90498,90500,90501,148],{},[15,90495,90496],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90499,243],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90502,1107],{},[50,90504,152,90506,155],{"id":90505},"what-range-does",[15,90507,35828],{},[20,90509,90510,90512],{},[15,90511,35828],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90514,12666],{},[30,90516,90517,90522,90528,90533],{},[33,90518,90519,90521],{},[15,90520,35828],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[33,90523,90524,90525,90527],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90526,5552],{}," loops",[33,90529,90530,90531],{},"The stop value is ",[221,90532,64711],{},[33,90534,17040,90535,90537],{},[15,90536,59639],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90539,90540],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[55,90542,90544],{"className":57,"code":90543,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90545,90546,90562],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,90547,90548,90550,90552,90554,90556,90558,90560],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90549,5552],{"class":368},[64,90551,5982],{"class":70},[64,90553,375],{"class":368},[64,90555,53709],{"class":108},[64,90557,112],{"class":78},[64,90559,1892],{"class":82},[64,90561,7944],{"class":78},[64,90563,90564,90566,90568,90570],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,90565,7670],{"class":108},[64,90567,112],{"class":78},[64,90569,2069],{"class":115},[64,90571,119],{"class":78},[20,90573,384],{},[55,90575,90577],{"className":57,"code":90576,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90578,90579,90583,90587],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,90580,90581],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90582,46888],{"class":82},[64,90584,90585],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,90586,46553],{"class":82},[64,90588,90589],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,90590,16674],{"class":82},[20,90592,90593,90594,148],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[285,90595,35658],{"href":35657},[50,90597,90599,90601],{"id":90598},"range-syntax",[15,90600,35828],{}," syntax",[20,90603,90604,90606],{},[15,90605,35828],{}," has three common forms:",[55,90608,90610],{"className":57,"code":90609,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90611,90612,90622,90637],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,90613,90614,90616,90618,90620],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90615,59639],{"class":108},[64,90617,112],{"class":78},[64,90619,75068],{"class":115},[64,90621,119],{"class":78},[64,90623,90624,90626,90628,90630,90632,90635],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,90625,59639],{"class":108},[64,90627,112],{"class":78},[64,90629,35702],{"class":115},[64,90631,86],{"class":78},[64,90633,90634],{"class":115}," stop",[64,90636,119],{"class":78},[64,90638,90639,90641,90643,90645,90647,90649,90651,90654],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,90640,59639],{"class":108},[64,90642,112],{"class":78},[64,90644,35702],{"class":115},[64,90646,86],{"class":78},[64,90648,90634],{"class":115},[64,90650,86],{"class":78},[64,90652,90653],{"class":115}," step",[64,90655,119],{"class":78},[20,90657,90658],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[30,90660,90661,90666,90671],{},[33,90662,90663,90665],{},[15,90664,35702],{}," = first number",[33,90667,90668,90670],{},[15,90669,75068],{}," = end limit, not included",[33,90672,90673,90675],{},[15,90674,75071],{}," = amount to move each time",[428,90677,90679],{"id":90678},"rangestop",[15,90680,90681],{},"range(stop)",[20,90683,90684,90685,148],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90686,243],{},[55,90688,90690],{"className":57,"code":90689,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90691,90692],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,90693,90694,90696,90698,90700,90702,90704,90706,90708],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90695,125],{"class":108},[64,90697,112],{"class":78},[64,90699,7695],{"class":357},[64,90701,112],{"class":78},[64,90703,59639],{"class":108},[64,90705,112],{"class":78},[64,90707,1107],{"class":82},[64,90709,2744],{"class":78},[20,90711,384],{},[55,90713,90714],{"className":57,"code":59662,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,90715,90716],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,90717,90718,90720,90722,90724,90726,90728,90730,90732,90734,90736,90738],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90719,394],{"class":78},[64,90721,243],{"class":82},[64,90723,86],{"class":78},[64,90725,5091],{"class":82},[64,90727,86],{"class":78},[64,90729,89],{"class":82},[64,90731,86],{"class":78},[64,90733,94],{"class":82},[64,90735,86],{"class":78},[64,90737,2286],{"class":82},[64,90739,97],{"class":78},[428,90741,90743],{"id":90742},"rangestart-stop",[15,90744,90745],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90747,90748,90749,90751,90752,148],{},"This starts at ",[15,90750,35702],{}," and stops before ",[15,90753,75068],{},[55,90755,90757],{"className":57,"code":90756,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90758,90759],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,90760,90761,90763,90765,90767,90769,90771,90773,90775,90777,90779],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90762,125],{"class":108},[64,90764,112],{"class":78},[64,90766,7695],{"class":357},[64,90768,112],{"class":78},[64,90770,59639],{"class":108},[64,90772,112],{"class":78},[64,90774,815],{"class":82},[64,90776,86],{"class":78},[64,90778,37275],{"class":82},[64,90780,2744],{"class":78},[20,90782,384],{},[55,90784,90786],{"className":57,"code":90785,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,90787,90788],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,90789,90790,90792,90794,90796,90798,90800,90802,90804,90806],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90791,394],{"class":78},[64,90793,815],{"class":82},[64,90795,86],{"class":78},[64,90797,94],{"class":82},[64,90799,86],{"class":78},[64,90801,2286],{"class":82},[64,90803,86],{"class":78},[64,90805,1112],{"class":82},[64,90807,97],{"class":78},[428,90809,90811],{"id":90810},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,90812,90813],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,90815,90816],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[55,90818,90820],{"className":57,"code":90819,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,90821,90822],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,90823,90824,90826,90828,90830,90832,90834,90836,90838,90840,90842,90844,90846],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90825,125],{"class":108},[64,90827,112],{"class":78},[64,90829,7695],{"class":357},[64,90831,112],{"class":78},[64,90833,59639],{"class":108},[64,90835,112],{"class":78},[64,90837,83],{"class":82},[64,90839,86],{"class":78},[64,90841,5599],{"class":82},[64,90843,86],{"class":78},[64,90845,89],{"class":82},[64,90847,2744],{"class":78},[20,90849,384],{},[55,90851,90853],{"className":57,"code":90852,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,90854,90855],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,90856,90857,90859,90861,90863,90865,90867,90869,90871,90873,90875,90877],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90858,394],{"class":78},[64,90860,83],{"class":82},[64,90862,86],{"class":78},[64,90864,94],{"class":82},[64,90866,86],{"class":78},[64,90868,1112],{"class":82},[64,90870,86],{"class":78},[64,90872,5588],{"class":82},[64,90874,86],{"class":78},[64,90876,53775],{"class":82},[64,90878,97],{"class":78},[50,90880,90882],{"id":90881},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,90884,90885],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[428,90887,90889],{"id":90888},"range5",[15,90890,90496],{},[55,90892,90893],{"className":57,"code":90689,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,90894,90895],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,90896,90897,90899,90901,90903,90905,90907,90909,90911],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90898,125],{"class":108},[64,90900,112],{"class":78},[64,90902,7695],{"class":357},[64,90904,112],{"class":78},[64,90906,59639],{"class":108},[64,90908,112],{"class":78},[64,90910,1107],{"class":82},[64,90912,2744],{"class":78},[20,90914,384],{},[55,90916,90917],{"className":57,"code":59662,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,90918,90919],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,90920,90921,90923,90925,90927,90929,90931,90933,90935,90937,90939,90941],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90922,394],{"class":78},[64,90924,243],{"class":82},[64,90926,86],{"class":78},[64,90928,5091],{"class":82},[64,90930,86],{"class":78},[64,90932,89],{"class":82},[64,90934,86],{"class":78},[64,90936,94],{"class":82},[64,90938,86],{"class":78},[64,90940,2286],{"class":82},[64,90942,97],{"class":78},[20,90944,90748,90945,90751,90947,148],{},[15,90946,243],{},[15,90948,1107],{},[428,90950,90952],{"id":90951},"range2-6",[15,90953,90954],{},"range(2, 6)",[55,90956,90957],{"className":57,"code":90756,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,90958,90959],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,90960,90961,90963,90965,90967,90969,90971,90973,90975,90977,90979],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90962,125],{"class":108},[64,90964,112],{"class":78},[64,90966,7695],{"class":357},[64,90968,112],{"class":78},[64,90970,59639],{"class":108},[64,90972,112],{"class":78},[64,90974,815],{"class":82},[64,90976,86],{"class":78},[64,90978,37275],{"class":82},[64,90980,2744],{"class":78},[20,90982,384],{},[55,90984,90985],{"className":57,"code":90785,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,90986,90987],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,90988,90989,90991,90993,90995,90997,90999,91001,91003,91005],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,90990,394],{"class":78},[64,90992,815],{"class":82},[64,90994,86],{"class":78},[64,90996,94],{"class":82},[64,90998,86],{"class":78},[64,91000,2286],{"class":82},[64,91002,86],{"class":78},[64,91004,1112],{"class":82},[64,91006,97],{"class":78},[20,91008,90748,91009,90751,91011,148],{},[15,91010,815],{},[15,91012,80236],{},[428,91014,91016],{"id":91015},"range1-10-2",[15,91017,91018],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[55,91020,91021],{"className":57,"code":90819,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,91022,91023],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,91024,91025,91027,91029,91031,91033,91035,91037,91039,91041,91043,91045,91047],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91026,125],{"class":108},[64,91028,112],{"class":78},[64,91030,7695],{"class":357},[64,91032,112],{"class":78},[64,91034,59639],{"class":108},[64,91036,112],{"class":78},[64,91038,83],{"class":82},[64,91040,86],{"class":78},[64,91042,5599],{"class":82},[64,91044,86],{"class":78},[64,91046,89],{"class":82},[64,91048,2744],{"class":78},[20,91050,384],{},[55,91052,91053],{"className":57,"code":90852,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,91054,91055],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,91056,91057,91059,91061,91063,91065,91067,91069,91071,91073,91075,91077],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91058,394],{"class":78},[64,91060,83],{"class":82},[64,91062,86],{"class":78},[64,91064,94],{"class":82},[64,91066,86],{"class":78},[64,91068,1112],{"class":82},[64,91070,86],{"class":78},[64,91072,5588],{"class":82},[64,91074,86],{"class":78},[64,91076,53775],{"class":82},[64,91078,97],{"class":78},[20,91080,91081,91082,91084,91085,60942,91087,148],{},"This moves by ",[15,91083,815],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91086,83],{},[15,91088,1974],{},[428,91090,91092],{"id":91091},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91094,91095,91096,91098],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91097,35828],{}," count backward.",[55,91100,91102],{"className":57,"code":91101,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91103,91104],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,91105,91106,91108,91110,91112,91114,91116,91118,91120,91122,91124,91126,91128,91130],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91107,125],{"class":108},[64,91109,112],{"class":78},[64,91111,7695],{"class":357},[64,91113,112],{"class":78},[64,91115,59639],{"class":108},[64,91117,112],{"class":78},[64,91119,1107],{"class":82},[64,91121,86],{"class":78},[64,91123,315],{"class":82},[64,91125,86],{"class":78},[64,91127,812],{"class":74},[64,91129,83],{"class":82},[64,91131,2744],{"class":78},[20,91133,384],{},[55,91135,91137],{"className":57,"code":91136,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91138,91139],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,91140,91141,91143,91145,91147,91149,91151,91153,91155,91157,91159,91161],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91142,394],{"class":78},[64,91144,1107],{"class":82},[64,91146,86],{"class":78},[64,91148,2286],{"class":82},[64,91150,86],{"class":78},[64,91152,94],{"class":82},[64,91154,86],{"class":78},[64,91156,89],{"class":82},[64,91158,86],{"class":78},[64,91160,5091],{"class":82},[64,91162,97],{"class":78},[20,91164,91165],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91167,91168],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[55,91170,91172],{"className":57,"code":91171,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91173,91174],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,91175,91176,91178,91180,91182,91184,91186,91188,91190,91192,91194,91196,91198,91200],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91177,125],{"class":108},[64,91179,112],{"class":78},[64,91181,7695],{"class":357},[64,91183,112],{"class":78},[64,91185,59639],{"class":108},[64,91187,112],{"class":78},[64,91189,83],{"class":82},[64,91191,86],{"class":78},[64,91193,1112],{"class":82},[64,91195,86],{"class":78},[64,91197,812],{"class":74},[64,91199,83],{"class":82},[64,91201,2744],{"class":78},[20,91203,384],{},[55,91205,91206],{"className":57,"code":37929,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,91207,91208],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,91209,91210],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91211,37929],{"class":78},[428,91213,91214,76231,91216],{"id":76455},[15,91215,75071],{},[15,91217,243],{},[20,91219,2668],{},[55,91221,91223],{"className":57,"code":91222,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91224,91225],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,91226,91227,91229,91231,91233,91235,91237,91239,91241],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91228,59639],{"class":108},[64,91230,112],{"class":78},[64,91232,83],{"class":82},[64,91234,86],{"class":78},[64,91236,1112],{"class":82},[64,91238,86],{"class":78},[64,91240,315],{"class":82},[64,91242,119],{"class":78},[20,91244,76500,91245,91247],{},[15,91246,40337],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[50,91249,8020,91251,91253,91254,91256],{"id":91250},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91252,35828],{}," in a ",[15,91255,5552],{}," loop",[20,91258,91259,91261],{},[15,91260,35828],{}," is most useful when:",[30,91263,91264,91267,91270],{},[33,91265,91266],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[33,91268,91269],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[33,91271,91272,91273],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91274,91275],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91277,916],{},[55,91279,91281],{"className":57,"code":91280,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91282,91283,91299],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,91284,91285,91287,91289,91291,91293,91295,91297],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91286,5552],{"class":368},[64,91288,69190],{"class":70},[64,91290,375],{"class":368},[64,91292,53709],{"class":108},[64,91294,112],{"class":78},[64,91296,1892],{"class":82},[64,91298,7944],{"class":78},[64,91300,91301,91303,91305,91307,91310,91312,91314,91316],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,91302,7670],{"class":108},[64,91304,112],{"class":78},[64,91306,2686],{"class":320},[64,91308,91309],{"class":329},"Loop number:",[64,91311,2686],{"class":320},[64,91313,86],{"class":78},[64,91315,35759],{"class":115},[64,91317,119],{"class":78},[20,91319,384],{},[55,91321,91323],{"className":57,"code":91322,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91324,91325,91334,91342],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,91326,91327,91330,91332],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91328,91329],{"class":70},"Loop number",[64,91331,160],{"class":78},[64,91333,38145],{"class":82},[64,91335,91336,91338,91340],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,91337,91329],{"class":70},[64,91339,160],{"class":78},[64,91341,29239],{"class":82},[64,91343,91344,91346,91348],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,91345,91329],{"class":70},[64,91347,160],{"class":78},[64,91349,45225],{"class":82},[428,91351,91353],{"id":91352},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[55,91355,91357],{"className":57,"code":91356,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91358,91359,91375],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,91360,91361,91363,91365,91367,91369,91371,91373],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91362,5552],{"class":368},[64,91364,69190],{"class":70},[64,91366,375],{"class":368},[64,91368,53709],{"class":108},[64,91370,112],{"class":78},[64,91372,1107],{"class":82},[64,91374,7944],{"class":78},[64,91376,91377,91379,91381,91383,91385,91387],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,91378,7670],{"class":108},[64,91380,112],{"class":78},[64,91382,2686],{"class":320},[64,91384,34495],{"class":329},[64,91386,2686],{"class":320},[64,91388,119],{"class":78},[20,91390,91391,91392,91394],{},"This prints ",[15,91393,90060],{}," five times.",[428,91396,91398],{"id":91397},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[55,91400,91402],{"className":57,"code":91401,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91403,91404,91424],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,91405,91406,91408,91410,91412,91414,91416,91418,91420,91422],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91407,5552],{"class":368},[64,91409,69190],{"class":70},[64,91411,375],{"class":368},[64,91413,53709],{"class":108},[64,91415,112],{"class":78},[64,91417,83],{"class":82},[64,91419,86],{"class":78},[64,91421,2286],{"class":82},[64,91423,7944],{"class":78},[64,91425,91426,91428,91430,91432,91435,91437,91439,91441],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,91427,7670],{"class":108},[64,91429,112],{"class":78},[64,91431,2686],{"class":320},[64,91433,91434],{"class":329},"Current number is",[64,91436,2686],{"class":320},[64,91438,86],{"class":78},[64,91440,35759],{"class":115},[64,91442,119],{"class":78},[20,91444,384],{},[55,91446,91448],{"className":57,"code":91447,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91449,91450,91459,91467],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,91451,91452,91455,91457],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91453,91454],{"class":70},"Current number ",[64,91456,11806],{"class":74},[64,91458,29239],{"class":82},[64,91460,91461,91463,91465],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,91462,91454],{"class":70},[64,91464,11806],{"class":74},[64,91466,45225],{"class":82},[64,91468,91469,91471,91473],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,91470,91454],{"class":70},[64,91472,11806],{"class":74},[64,91474,2407],{"class":82},[428,91476,91478,91480],{"id":91477},"range-and-indexing",[15,91479,35828],{}," and indexing",[20,91482,91483],{},"You may see code like this:",[55,91485,91487],{"className":57,"code":91486,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91488,91489,91521,91525,91545],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,91490,91491,91493,91495,91497,91499,91501,91503,91505,91507,91509,91511,91513,91515,91517,91519],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91492,7379],{"class":70},[64,91494,75],{"class":74},[64,91496,79],{"class":78},[64,91498,2686],{"class":320},[64,91500,285],{"class":329},[64,91502,2686],{"class":320},[64,91504,86],{"class":78},[64,91506,3184],{"class":320},[64,91508,1269],{"class":329},[64,91510,2686],{"class":320},[64,91512,86],{"class":78},[64,91514,3184],{"class":320},[64,91516,9346],{"class":329},[64,91518,2686],{"class":320},[64,91520,97],{"class":78},[64,91522,91523],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,91524,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,91526,91527,91529,91531,91533,91535,91537,91539,91541,91543],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,91528,5552],{"class":368},[64,91530,69190],{"class":70},[64,91532,375],{"class":368},[64,91534,53709],{"class":108},[64,91536,112],{"class":78},[64,91538,10771],{"class":108},[64,91540,112],{"class":78},[64,91542,7410],{"class":115},[64,91544,69205],{"class":78},[64,91546,91547,91549,91551,91553,91555,91557,91559,91561],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,91548,7670],{"class":108},[64,91550,112],{"class":78},[64,91552,35784],{"class":115},[64,91554,86],{"class":78},[64,91556,5560],{"class":115},[64,91558,394],{"class":78},[64,91560,35784],{"class":115},[64,91562,381],{"class":78},[20,91564,384],{},[55,91566,91567],{"className":57,"code":35796,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,91568,91569,91575,91581],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,91570,91571,91573],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91572,243],{"class":82},[64,91574,35805],{"class":70},[64,91576,91577,91579],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,91578,83],{"class":82},[64,91580,35812],{"class":70},[64,91582,91583,91585],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,91584,815],{"class":82},[64,91586,35819],{"class":70},[20,91588,91589,91590,91594],{},"This works, and it uses ",[285,91591,91592],{"href":41992},[15,91593,41995],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91596,91597],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[55,91599,91601],{"className":57,"code":91600,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91602,91603,91635,91639,91651],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,91604,91605,91607,91609,91611,91613,91615,91617,91619,91621,91623,91625,91627,91629,91631,91633],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91606,7379],{"class":70},[64,91608,75],{"class":74},[64,91610,79],{"class":78},[64,91612,2686],{"class":320},[64,91614,285],{"class":329},[64,91616,2686],{"class":320},[64,91618,86],{"class":78},[64,91620,3184],{"class":320},[64,91622,1269],{"class":329},[64,91624,2686],{"class":320},[64,91626,86],{"class":78},[64,91628,3184],{"class":320},[64,91630,9346],{"class":329},[64,91632,2686],{"class":320},[64,91634,97],{"class":78},[64,91636,91637],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,91638,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,91640,91641,91643,91645,91647,91649],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,91642,5552],{"class":368},[64,91644,5555],{"class":70},[64,91646,375],{"class":368},[64,91648,5560],{"class":70},[64,91650,5989],{"class":78},[64,91652,91653,91655,91657,91659],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,91654,7670],{"class":108},[64,91656,112],{"class":78},[64,91658,22932],{"class":115},[64,91660,119],{"class":78},[20,91662,36223,91663,91668],{},[285,91664,91666],{"href":91665},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91667,35378],{}," is usually a better choice:",[55,91670,91672],{"className":57,"code":91671,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91673,91674,91706,91710,91730],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,91675,91676,91678,91680,91682,91684,91686,91688,91690,91692,91694,91696,91698,91700,91702,91704],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91677,7379],{"class":70},[64,91679,75],{"class":74},[64,91681,79],{"class":78},[64,91683,2686],{"class":320},[64,91685,285],{"class":329},[64,91687,2686],{"class":320},[64,91689,86],{"class":78},[64,91691,3184],{"class":320},[64,91693,1269],{"class":329},[64,91695,2686],{"class":320},[64,91697,86],{"class":78},[64,91699,3184],{"class":320},[64,91701,9346],{"class":329},[64,91703,2686],{"class":320},[64,91705,97],{"class":78},[64,91707,91708],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,91709,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,91711,91712,91714,91716,91718,91720,91722,91724,91726,91728],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,91713,5552],{"class":368},[64,91715,35450],{"class":70},[64,91717,86],{"class":78},[64,91719,5555],{"class":70},[64,91721,375],{"class":368},[64,91723,35460],{"class":108},[64,91725,112],{"class":78},[64,91727,7410],{"class":115},[64,91729,7944],{"class":78},[64,91731,91732,91734,91736,91738,91740,91742],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,91733,7670],{"class":108},[64,91735,112],{"class":78},[64,91737,35475],{"class":115},[64,91739,86],{"class":78},[64,91741,29131],{"class":115},[64,91743,119],{"class":78},[20,91745,78760,91746,148],{},[285,91747,36236,91748,36239],{"href":36235},[15,91749,35378],{},[50,91751,91753,91754,91756],{"id":91752},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91755,35828],{}," to a list",[20,91758,91759,91761],{},[15,91760,35828],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91763,91764,91765,160],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91766,24403],{},[55,91768,91770],{"className":57,"code":91769,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91771,91772],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,91773,91774,91776,91778,91780,91782,91784,91786,91788],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91775,125],{"class":108},[64,91777,112],{"class":78},[64,91779,7695],{"class":357},[64,91781,112],{"class":78},[64,91783,59639],{"class":108},[64,91785,112],{"class":78},[64,91787,1892],{"class":82},[64,91789,2744],{"class":78},[20,91791,384],{},[55,91793,91795],{"className":57,"code":91794,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,91796,91797],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,91798,91799,91801,91803,91805,91807,91809,91811],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91800,394],{"class":78},[64,91802,243],{"class":82},[64,91804,86],{"class":78},[64,91806,5091],{"class":82},[64,91808,86],{"class":78},[64,91810,89],{"class":82},[64,91812,97],{"class":78},[20,91814,32938],{},[30,91816,91817,91822,91825],{},[33,91818,91819,91820,41719],{},"learning how ",[15,91821,35828],{},[33,91823,91824],{},"checking your values",[33,91826,91827],{},"debugging code",[20,91829,5065],{},[55,91831,91833],{"className":57,"code":91832,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,91834,91835,91849,91853,91863],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,91836,91837,91839,91841,91843,91845,91847],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91838,71],{"class":70},[64,91840,75],{"class":74},[64,91842,53709],{"class":108},[64,91844,112],{"class":78},[64,91846,2334],{"class":82},[64,91848,119],{"class":78},[64,91850,91851],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,91852,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,91854,91855,91857,91859,91861],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,91856,125],{"class":108},[64,91858,112],{"class":78},[64,91860,116],{"class":115},[64,91862,119],{"class":78},[64,91864,91865,91867,91869,91871,91873,91875],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,91866,125],{"class":108},[64,91868,112],{"class":78},[64,91870,7695],{"class":357},[64,91872,112],{"class":78},[64,91874,116],{"class":115},[64,91876,471],{"class":78},[20,91878,384],{},[55,91880,91882],{"className":57,"code":91881,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,91883,91884,91898],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,91885,91886,91888,91890,91892,91894,91896],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91887,59639],{"class":108},[64,91889,112],{"class":78},[64,91891,243],{"class":82},[64,91893,86],{"class":78},[64,91895,2286],{"class":82},[64,91897,119],{"class":78},[64,91899,91900,91902,91904,91906,91908,91910,91912,91914,91916],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,91901,394],{"class":78},[64,91903,243],{"class":82},[64,91905,86],{"class":78},[64,91907,5091],{"class":82},[64,91909,86],{"class":78},[64,91911,89],{"class":82},[64,91913,86],{"class":78},[64,91915,94],{"class":82},[64,91917,97],{"class":78},[20,91919,91920,91921,10193,91923,91926],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,91922,59639],{},[15,91924,91925],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[50,91928,1023],{"id":1022},[20,91930,33167,91931,148],{},[15,91932,35828],{},[428,91934,91936],{"id":91935},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,91938,91939],{},"Many beginners think this:",[55,91941,91943],{"className":57,"code":91942,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,91944,91945],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,91946,91947,91949,91951,91953,91955,91957,91959,91961,91963,91965],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91948,125],{"class":108},[64,91950,112],{"class":78},[64,91952,7695],{"class":357},[64,91954,112],{"class":78},[64,91956,59639],{"class":108},[64,91958,112],{"class":78},[64,91960,83],{"class":82},[64,91962,86],{"class":78},[64,91964,1112],{"class":82},[64,91966,2744],{"class":78},[20,91968,91969],{},"will produce:",[55,91971,91973],{"className":57,"code":91972,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91974,91975],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,91976,91977,91979,91981,91983,91985,91987,91989,91991,91993,91995,91997],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,91978,394],{"class":78},[64,91980,83],{"class":82},[64,91982,86],{"class":78},[64,91984,89],{"class":82},[64,91986,86],{"class":78},[64,91988,94],{"class":82},[64,91990,86],{"class":78},[64,91992,2286],{"class":82},[64,91994,86],{"class":78},[64,91996,1112],{"class":82},[64,91998,97],{"class":78},[20,92000,92001],{},"But the real output is:",[55,92003,92004],{"className":57,"code":53144,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,92005,92006],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,92007,92008,92010,92012,92014,92016,92018,92020,92022,92024],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92009,394],{"class":78},[64,92011,83],{"class":82},[64,92013,86],{"class":78},[64,92015,89],{"class":82},[64,92017,86],{"class":78},[64,92019,94],{"class":82},[64,92021,86],{"class":78},[64,92023,2286],{"class":82},[64,92025,97],{"class":78},[20,92027,92028],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[428,92030,1085,92032,92034,92035],{"id":92031},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92033,90496],{}," starts at ",[15,92036,83],{},[20,92038,37099,92039,18583,92041,148],{},[15,92040,243],{},[15,92042,83],{},[55,92044,92045],{"className":57,"code":90689,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,92046,92047],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,92048,92049,92051,92053,92055,92057,92059,92061,92063],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92050,125],{"class":108},[64,92052,112],{"class":78},[64,92054,7695],{"class":357},[64,92056,112],{"class":78},[64,92058,59639],{"class":108},[64,92060,112],{"class":78},[64,92062,1107],{"class":82},[64,92064,2744],{"class":78},[20,92066,384],{},[55,92068,92069],{"className":57,"code":59662,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,92070,92071],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,92072,92073,92075,92077,92079,92081,92083,92085,92087,92089,92091,92093],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92074,394],{"class":78},[64,92076,243],{"class":82},[64,92078,86],{"class":78},[64,92080,5091],{"class":82},[64,92082,86],{"class":78},[64,92084,89],{"class":82},[64,92086,86],{"class":78},[64,92088,94],{"class":82},[64,92090,86],{"class":78},[64,92092,2286],{"class":82},[64,92094,97],{"class":78},[428,92096,92098],{"id":92097},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92100,92101,92102,160],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92103,2790],{},[55,92105,92107],{"className":57,"code":92106,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92108,92109,92128,92132,92149],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,92110,92111,92114,92116,92118,92120,92122,92124,92126],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92112,92113],{"class":70},"user_number ",[64,92115,75],{"class":74},[64,92117,7844],{"class":108},[64,92119,112],{"class":78},[64,92121,2686],{"class":320},[64,92123,41505],{"class":329},[64,92125,2686],{"class":320},[64,92127,119],{"class":78},[64,92129,92130],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,92131,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,92133,92134,92136,92138,92140,92142,92144,92147],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,92135,5552],{"class":368},[64,92137,69190],{"class":70},[64,92139,375],{"class":368},[64,92141,53709],{"class":108},[64,92143,112],{"class":78},[64,92145,92146],{"class":115},"user_number",[64,92148,7944],{"class":78},[64,92150,92151,92153,92155,92157],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,92152,7670],{"class":108},[64,92154,112],{"class":78},[64,92156,35784],{"class":115},[64,92158,119],{"class":78},[20,92160,48147,92161,92163],{},[15,92162,2790],{}," returns a string.",[20,92165,10416],{},[55,92167,92169],{"className":57,"code":92168,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92170,92171,92193,92197,92213],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,92172,92173,92175,92177,92179,92181,92183,92185,92187,92189,92191],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92174,92113],{"class":70},[64,92176,75],{"class":74},[64,92178,44912],{"class":357},[64,92180,112],{"class":78},[64,92182,42097],{"class":108},[64,92184,112],{"class":78},[64,92186,2686],{"class":320},[64,92188,41505],{"class":329},[64,92190,2686],{"class":320},[64,92192,471],{"class":78},[64,92194,92195],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,92196,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,92198,92199,92201,92203,92205,92207,92209,92211],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,92200,5552],{"class":368},[64,92202,69190],{"class":70},[64,92204,375],{"class":368},[64,92206,53709],{"class":108},[64,92208,112],{"class":78},[64,92210,92146],{"class":115},[64,92212,7944],{"class":78},[64,92214,92215,92217,92219,92221],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,92216,7670],{"class":108},[64,92218,112],{"class":78},[64,92220,35784],{"class":115},[64,92222,119],{"class":78},[20,92224,92225,92226,148],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[285,92227,50161,92228],{"href":50160},[15,92229,50164],{},[428,92231,92233,92234,92236,92237],{"id":92232},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92235,35702],{}," smaller than ",[15,92238,75068],{},[20,92240,92241],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[55,92243,92244],{"className":57,"code":91171,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,92245,92246],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,92247,92248,92250,92252,92254,92256,92258,92260,92262,92264,92266,92268,92270,92272],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92249,125],{"class":108},[64,92251,112],{"class":78},[64,92253,7695],{"class":357},[64,92255,112],{"class":78},[64,92257,59639],{"class":108},[64,92259,112],{"class":78},[64,92261,83],{"class":82},[64,92263,86],{"class":78},[64,92265,1112],{"class":82},[64,92267,86],{"class":78},[64,92269,812],{"class":74},[64,92271,83],{"class":82},[64,92273,2744],{"class":78},[20,92275,384],{},[55,92277,92278],{"className":57,"code":37929,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,92279,92280],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,92281,92282],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92283,37929],{"class":78},[20,92285,92286],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[428,92288,25239,92290],{"id":92289},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92291,92292],{},"step = 0",[20,92294,77211],{},[55,92296,92298],{"className":57,"code":92297,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92299,92300],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,92301,92302,92304,92306,92308,92310,92312,92314,92316],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92303,59639],{"class":108},[64,92305,112],{"class":78},[64,92307,83],{"class":82},[64,92309,86],{"class":78},[64,92311,5599],{"class":82},[64,92313,86],{"class":78},[64,92315,315],{"class":82},[64,92317,119],{"class":78},[20,92319,92320],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[428,92322,1212,92324,92326],{"id":92323},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92325,35828],{}," is not a list",[20,92328,92329],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[55,92331,92333],{"className":57,"code":92332,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92334,92335],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,92336,92337,92339,92341,92343,92345,92347],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92338,125],{"class":108},[64,92340,112],{"class":78},[64,92342,59639],{"class":108},[64,92344,112],{"class":78},[64,92346,1107],{"class":82},[64,92348,471],{"class":78},[20,92350,384],{},[55,92352,92354],{"className":57,"code":92353,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92355,92356],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,92357,92358,92360,92362,92364,92366,92368],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92359,59639],{"class":108},[64,92361,112],{"class":78},[64,92363,243],{"class":82},[64,92365,86],{"class":78},[64,92367,1112],{"class":82},[64,92369,119],{"class":78},[20,92371,92372],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[55,92374,92375],{"className":57,"code":90689,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,92376,92377],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,92378,92379,92381,92383,92385,92387,92389,92391,92393],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92380,125],{"class":108},[64,92382,112],{"class":78},[64,92384,7695],{"class":357},[64,92386,112],{"class":78},[64,92388,59639],{"class":108},[64,92390,112],{"class":78},[64,92392,1107],{"class":82},[64,92394,2744],{"class":78},[20,92396,384],{},[55,92398,92399],{"className":57,"code":59662,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,92400,92401],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,92402,92403,92405,92407,92409,92411,92413,92415,92417,92419,92421,92423],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92404,394],{"class":78},[64,92406,243],{"class":82},[64,92408,86],{"class":78},[64,92410,5091],{"class":82},[64,92412,86],{"class":78},[64,92414,89],{"class":82},[64,92416,86],{"class":78},[64,92418,94],{"class":82},[64,92420,86],{"class":78},[64,92422,2286],{"class":82},[64,92424,97],{"class":78},[50,92426,92428],{"id":92427},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92430,8480,92431,81982],{},[15,92432,35828],{},[55,92434,92436],{"className":57,"code":92435,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92437,92438,92452,92470,92492,92520],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,92439,92440,92442,92444,92446,92448,92450],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92441,125],{"class":108},[64,92443,112],{"class":78},[64,92445,59639],{"class":108},[64,92447,112],{"class":78},[64,92449,1107],{"class":82},[64,92451,471],{"class":78},[64,92453,92454,92456,92458,92460,92462,92464,92466,92468],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,92455,125],{"class":108},[64,92457,112],{"class":78},[64,92459,7695],{"class":357},[64,92461,112],{"class":78},[64,92463,59639],{"class":108},[64,92465,112],{"class":78},[64,92467,1107],{"class":82},[64,92469,2744],{"class":78},[64,92471,92472,92474,92476,92478,92480,92482,92484,92486,92488,92490],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,92473,125],{"class":108},[64,92475,112],{"class":78},[64,92477,7695],{"class":357},[64,92479,112],{"class":78},[64,92481,59639],{"class":108},[64,92483,112],{"class":78},[64,92485,815],{"class":82},[64,92487,86],{"class":78},[64,92489,5955],{"class":82},[64,92491,2744],{"class":78},[64,92493,92494,92496,92498,92500,92502,92504,92506,92508,92510,92512,92514,92516,92518],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,92495,125],{"class":108},[64,92497,112],{"class":78},[64,92499,7695],{"class":357},[64,92501,112],{"class":78},[64,92503,59639],{"class":108},[64,92505,112],{"class":78},[64,92507,2160],{"class":82},[64,92509,86],{"class":78},[64,92511,315],{"class":82},[64,92513,86],{"class":78},[64,92515,812],{"class":74},[64,92517,815],{"class":82},[64,92519,2744],{"class":78},[64,92521,92522,92524,92526,92528,92530,92532,92534,92536],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,92523,125],{"class":108},[64,92525,112],{"class":78},[64,92527,3052],{"class":357},[64,92529,112],{"class":78},[64,92531,59639],{"class":108},[64,92533,112],{"class":78},[64,92535,1107],{"class":82},[64,92537,2744],{"class":78},[20,92539,25631],{},[30,92541,92542,92545,92548],{},[33,92543,92544],{},"what values are being created",[33,92546,92547],{},"whether the direction is correct",[33,92549,92550,92551,24239],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92552,59639],{},[50,92554,1651],{"id":1650},[428,92556,12317,92558,92560],{"id":92557},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92559,35828],{}," include the last number?",[20,92562,92563],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[428,92565,1671,92567,92569,92570,1677],{"id":92566},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92568,90496],{}," start at ",[15,92571,243],{},[20,92573,92574,92575,148],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92576,243],{},[428,92578,1684,92580,92582],{"id":92579},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92581,35828],{}," count backward?",[20,92584,92585,92586,148],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92587,92588],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[428,92590,14519,92592,25666],{"id":92591},"is-range-a-list",[15,92593,35828],{},[20,92595,25669,92596,92598,92599,23560],{},[15,92597,59639],{}," object. Use ",[15,92600,92601],{},"list(range(...))",[428,92603,1671,92605,48321],{"id":92604},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92606,92607],{},"range(input())",[20,92609,92610,3317,92612,148],{},[15,92611,2790],{},[15,92613,92614],{},"int(input())",[50,92616,1717],{"id":1716},[30,92618,92619,92623,92629,92635,92641],{},[33,92620,92621],{},[285,92622,35658],{"href":35657},[33,92624,92625],{},[285,92626,13,92627,1713],{"href":41992},[15,92628,41995],{},[33,92630,92631],{},[285,92632,13,92633,1713],{"href":91665},[15,92634,35378],{},[33,92636,92637],{},[285,92638,37150,92639,36239],{"href":36235},[15,92640,35378],{},[33,92642,92643],{},[285,92644,50161,92645],{"href":50160},[15,92646,50164],{},[1751,92648,92649],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":92651},[92652,92653,92655,92661,92669,92676,92678,92690,92691,92703],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":90505,"depth":100,"text":92654},"What range() does",{"id":90598,"depth":100,"text":92656,"children":92657},"range() syntax",[92658,92659,92660],{"id":90678,"depth":122,"text":90681},{"id":90742,"depth":122,"text":90745},{"id":90810,"depth":122,"text":90813},{"id":90881,"depth":100,"text":90882,"children":92662},[92663,92664,92665,92666,92667],{"id":90888,"depth":122,"text":90496},{"id":90951,"depth":122,"text":90954},{"id":91015,"depth":122,"text":91018},{"id":91091,"depth":122,"text":91092},{"id":76455,"depth":122,"text":92668},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91250,"depth":100,"text":92670,"children":92671},"Using range() in a for loop",[92672,92673,92674],{"id":91352,"depth":122,"text":91353},{"id":91397,"depth":122,"text":91398},{"id":91477,"depth":122,"text":92675},"range() and indexing",{"id":91752,"depth":100,"text":92677},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":1022,"depth":100,"text":1023,"children":92679},[92680,92681,92683,92684,92686,92688],{"id":91935,"depth":122,"text":91936},{"id":92031,"depth":122,"text":92682},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92097,"depth":122,"text":92098},{"id":92232,"depth":122,"text":92685},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92289,"depth":122,"text":92687},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92323,"depth":122,"text":92689},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92427,"depth":100,"text":92428},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":92692},[92693,92695,92697,92699,92701],{"id":92557,"depth":122,"text":92694},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92566,"depth":122,"text":92696},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92579,"depth":122,"text":92698},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92591,"depth":122,"text":92700},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92604,"depth":122,"text":92702},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90399,"description":92704},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92711,"title":92712,"body":92713,"description":94386,"extension":1791,"meta":94387,"navigation":346,"path":94388,"seo":94389,"stem":94390,"__hash__":94391},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92714,"toc":94359},[92715,92724,92731,92748,92764,92766,92815,92823,92827,92830,92850,92852,92916,92918,92961,92964,93010,93012,93045,93055,93061,93069,93086,93088,93119,93121,93146,93151,93162,93165,93235,93237,93268,93273,93278,93295,93297,93348,93350,93383,93386,93393,93398,93402,93418,93420,93464,93466,93512,93515,93528,93533,93537,93551,93553,93604,93606,93639,93644,93646,93653,93655,93678,93680,93745,93747,93764,93767,93800,93802,93830,93840,93847,93851,93854,93872,93875,93903,93906,93924,93929,93935,93938,93960,93962,93990,93992,93995,94020,94023,94136,94138,94217,94219,94225,94230,94238,94246,94250,94253,94255,94288,94290,94298,94304,94311,94318,94321,94323,94356],[10,92716,13,92718,10193,92720,92723],{"id":92717},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92719,35828],{},[15,92721,92722],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92725,92726,896,92728,92730],{},[15,92727,35828],{},[15,92729,92722],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[30,92732,92733,92741],{},[33,92734,92735,92737,92738],{},[15,92736,35828],{}," creates a ",[221,92739,92740],{},"range object",[33,92742,92743,92737,92745],{},[15,92744,92722],{},[221,92746,92747],{},"real list",[20,92749,92750,92751,92753,92754,92757,92758,92760,92761,92763],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92752,90496],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92755,92756],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92759,35828],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92762,92722],{}," when you actually need a list.",[50,92765,53],{"id":52},[55,92767,92769],{"className":57,"code":92768,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92770,92771,92785,92798],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,92772,92773,92775,92777,92779,92781,92783],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92774,71],{"class":70},[64,92776,75],{"class":74},[64,92778,53709],{"class":108},[64,92780,112],{"class":78},[64,92782,1107],{"class":82},[64,92784,119],{"class":78},[64,92786,92787,92789,92791,92793,92795],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,92788,125],{"class":108},[64,92790,112],{"class":78},[64,92792,116],{"class":115},[64,92794,133],{"class":78},[64,92796,92797],{"class":136},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[64,92799,92800,92802,92804,92806,92808,92810,92812],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,92801,125],{"class":108},[64,92803,112],{"class":78},[64,92805,7695],{"class":357},[64,92807,112],{"class":78},[64,92809,116],{"class":115},[64,92811,4954],{"class":78},[64,92813,92814],{"class":136},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,92816,1923,92817,92819,92820,92822],{},[15,92818,35828],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,92821,92722],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[50,92824,92826],{"id":92825},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,92828,92829],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[30,92831,92832,92839,92844,92847],{},[33,92833,92834,21596,92836,92838],{},[15,92835,35828],{},[221,92837,92740],{},", not a list",[33,92840,92841,92843],{},[15,92842,92722],{}," converts that range object into a list",[33,92845,92846],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[33,92848,92849],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,92851,916],{},[55,92853,92855],{"className":57,"code":92854,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,92856,92857,92872,92891,92895,92905],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,92858,92859,92862,92864,92866,92868,92870],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92860,92861],{"class":70},"r ",[64,92863,75],{"class":74},[64,92865,53709],{"class":108},[64,92867,112],{"class":78},[64,92869,1107],{"class":82},[64,92871,119],{"class":78},[64,92873,92874,92877,92879,92881,92883,92885,92887,92889],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,92875,92876],{"class":70},"lst ",[64,92878,75],{"class":74},[64,92880,22181],{"class":357},[64,92882,112],{"class":78},[64,92884,59639],{"class":108},[64,92886,112],{"class":78},[64,92888,1107],{"class":82},[64,92890,471],{"class":78},[64,92892,92893],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,92894,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,92896,92897,92899,92901,92903],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,92898,125],{"class":108},[64,92900,112],{"class":78},[64,92902,60146],{"class":115},[64,92904,119],{"class":78},[64,92906,92907,92909,92911,92914],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,92908,125],{"class":108},[64,92910,112],{"class":78},[64,92912,92913],{"class":115},"lst",[64,92915,119],{"class":78},[20,92917,384],{},[55,92919,92921],{"className":57,"code":92920,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92922,92923,92937],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,92924,92925,92927,92929,92931,92933,92935],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92926,59639],{"class":108},[64,92928,112],{"class":78},[64,92930,243],{"class":82},[64,92932,86],{"class":78},[64,92934,1112],{"class":82},[64,92936,119],{"class":78},[64,92938,92939,92941,92943,92945,92947,92949,92951,92953,92955,92957,92959],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,92940,394],{"class":78},[64,92942,243],{"class":82},[64,92944,86],{"class":78},[64,92946,5091],{"class":82},[64,92948,86],{"class":78},[64,92950,89],{"class":82},[64,92952,86],{"class":78},[64,92954,94],{"class":82},[64,92956,86],{"class":78},[64,92958,2286],{"class":82},[64,92960,97],{"class":78},[20,92962,92963],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[55,92965,92967],{"className":57,"code":92966,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,92968,92969,92987],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,92970,92971,92973,92975,92977,92979,92981,92983,92985],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,92972,125],{"class":108},[64,92974,112],{"class":78},[64,92976,3052],{"class":357},[64,92978,112],{"class":78},[64,92980,59639],{"class":108},[64,92982,112],{"class":78},[64,92984,1107],{"class":82},[64,92986,2744],{"class":78},[64,92988,92989,92991,92993,92995,92997,92999,93001,93003,93005,93007],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,92990,125],{"class":108},[64,92992,112],{"class":78},[64,92994,3052],{"class":357},[64,92996,112],{"class":78},[64,92998,7695],{"class":357},[64,93000,112],{"class":78},[64,93002,59639],{"class":108},[64,93004,112],{"class":78},[64,93006,1107],{"class":82},[64,93008,93009],{"class":78},"))))\n",[20,93011,384],{},[55,93013,93015],{"className":57,"code":93014,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93016,93017,93031],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,93018,93019,93021,93023,93025,93027,93029],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93020,3121],{"class":74},[64,93022,3124],{"class":1895},[64,93024,326],{"class":320},[64,93026,59639],{"class":329},[64,93028,333],{"class":320},[64,93030,3133],{"class":74},[64,93032,93033,93035,93037,93039,93041,93043],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,93034,3121],{"class":74},[64,93036,3124],{"class":1895},[64,93038,326],{"class":320},[64,93040,7695],{"class":329},[64,93042,333],{"class":320},[64,93044,3133],{"class":74},[20,93046,93047,93048,93050,93051,148],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93049,35828],{}," works, see ",[285,93052,13,93053,1713],{"href":92706},[15,93054,35828],{},[50,93056,152,93058,93060],{"id":93057},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93059,35828],{}," gives you",[20,93062,93063,93065,93066,93068],{},[15,93064,35828],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93067,5552],{}," loops.",[30,93070,93071,93074,93077,93080],{},[33,93072,93073],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[33,93075,93076],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[33,93078,93079],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[33,93081,93082,93083],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93084,93085],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93087,916],{},[55,93089,93091],{"className":57,"code":93090,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93092,93093,93109],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,93094,93095,93097,93099,93101,93103,93105,93107],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93096,5552],{"class":368},[64,93098,69190],{"class":70},[64,93100,375],{"class":368},[64,93102,53709],{"class":108},[64,93104,112],{"class":78},[64,93106,1107],{"class":82},[64,93108,7944],{"class":78},[64,93110,93111,93113,93115,93117],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,93112,7670],{"class":108},[64,93114,112],{"class":78},[64,93116,35784],{"class":115},[64,93118,119],{"class":78},[20,93120,384],{},[55,93122,93124],{"className":57,"code":93123,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93125,93126,93130,93134,93138,93142],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,93127,93128],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93129,46888],{"class":82},[64,93131,93132],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,93133,46553],{"class":82},[64,93135,93136],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,93137,16674],{"class":82},[64,93139,93140],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,93141,46253],{"class":82},[64,93143,93144],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,93145,48287],{"class":82},[20,93147,20391,93148,93150],{},[15,93149,90496],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93152,93153,93154,93156,93157,148],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93155,35828],{}," is so common with ",[285,93158,13,93160,90527],{"href":93159},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93161,5552],{},[20,93163,93164],{},"You can also inspect it:",[55,93166,93168],{"className":57,"code":93167,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93169,93170,93192,93196,93206,93220],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,93171,93172,93174,93176,93178,93180,93182,93184,93186,93188,93190],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93173,92861],{"class":70},[64,93175,75],{"class":74},[64,93177,53709],{"class":108},[64,93179,112],{"class":78},[64,93181,815],{"class":82},[64,93183,86],{"class":78},[64,93185,5599],{"class":82},[64,93187,86],{"class":78},[64,93189,89],{"class":82},[64,93191,119],{"class":78},[64,93193,93194],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,93195,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,93197,93198,93200,93202,93204],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,93199,125],{"class":108},[64,93201,112],{"class":78},[64,93203,60146],{"class":115},[64,93205,119],{"class":78},[64,93207,93208,93210,93212,93214,93216,93218],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,93209,125],{"class":108},[64,93211,112],{"class":78},[64,93213,10771],{"class":108},[64,93215,112],{"class":78},[64,93217,60146],{"class":115},[64,93219,471],{"class":78},[64,93221,93222,93224,93226,93228,93230,93233],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,93223,125],{"class":108},[64,93225,112],{"class":78},[64,93227,80236],{"class":82},[64,93229,20794],{"class":368},[64,93231,93232],{"class":115}," r",[64,93234,119],{"class":78},[20,93236,384],{},[55,93238,93240],{"className":57,"code":93239,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93241,93242,93260,93264],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,93243,93244,93246,93248,93250,93252,93254,93256,93258],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93245,59639],{"class":108},[64,93247,112],{"class":78},[64,93249,815],{"class":82},[64,93251,86],{"class":78},[64,93253,5599],{"class":82},[64,93255,86],{"class":78},[64,93257,89],{"class":82},[64,93259,119],{"class":78},[64,93261,93262],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,93263,48287],{"class":82},[64,93265,93266],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,93267,476],{"class":338},[50,93269,152,93271,93060],{"id":93270},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93272,92722],{},[20,93274,93275,93277],{},[15,93276,92722],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[30,93279,93280,93283,93286,93289],{},[33,93281,93282],{},"It creates all values at once",[33,93284,93285],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[33,93287,93288],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[33,93290,93291,93292,93294],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93293,35828],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93296,916],{},[55,93298,93300],{"className":57,"code":93299,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93301,93302,93320,93324,93334],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,93303,93304,93306,93308,93310,93312,93314,93316,93318],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93305,71],{"class":70},[64,93307,75],{"class":74},[64,93309,22181],{"class":357},[64,93311,112],{"class":78},[64,93313,59639],{"class":108},[64,93315,112],{"class":78},[64,93317,1107],{"class":82},[64,93319,471],{"class":78},[64,93321,93322],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,93323,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,93325,93326,93328,93330,93332],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,93327,125],{"class":108},[64,93329,112],{"class":78},[64,93331,116],{"class":115},[64,93333,119],{"class":78},[64,93335,93336,93338,93340,93342,93344,93346],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,93337,125],{"class":108},[64,93339,112],{"class":78},[64,93341,116],{"class":115},[64,93343,394],{"class":78},[64,93345,815],{"class":82},[64,93347,381],{"class":78},[20,93349,384],{},[55,93351,93353],{"className":57,"code":93352,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93354,93355,93379],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,93356,93357,93359,93361,93363,93365,93367,93369,93371,93373,93375,93377],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93358,394],{"class":78},[64,93360,243],{"class":82},[64,93362,86],{"class":78},[64,93364,5091],{"class":82},[64,93366,86],{"class":78},[64,93368,89],{"class":82},[64,93370,86],{"class":78},[64,93372,94],{"class":82},[64,93374,86],{"class":78},[64,93376,2286],{"class":82},[64,93378,97],{"class":78},[64,93380,93381],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,93382,16674],{"class":82},[20,93384,93385],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93387,93388,93389,148],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[285,93390,13,93391,1713],{"href":64489},[15,93392,24403],{},[50,93394,1471,93396],{"id":93395},"when-to-use-range",[15,93397,35828],{},[20,93399,1923,93400,10209],{},[15,93401,35828],{},[30,93403,93404,93409,93412,93415],{},[33,93405,93406,93407,91256],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93408,5552],{},[33,93410,93411],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[33,93413,93414],{},"You are working with large sequences",[33,93416,93417],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93419,916],{},[55,93421,93423],{"className":57,"code":93422,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93424,93425,93445],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,93426,93427,93429,93431,93433,93435,93437,93439,93441,93443],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93428,5552],{"class":368},[64,93430,69190],{"class":70},[64,93432,375],{"class":368},[64,93434,53709],{"class":108},[64,93436,112],{"class":78},[64,93438,83],{"class":82},[64,93440,86],{"class":78},[64,93442,37275],{"class":82},[64,93444,7944],{"class":78},[64,93446,93447,93449,93451,93453,93456,93458,93460,93462],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,93448,7670],{"class":108},[64,93450,112],{"class":78},[64,93452,2686],{"class":320},[64,93454,93455],{"class":329},"Count:",[64,93457,2686],{"class":320},[64,93459,86],{"class":78},[64,93461,35759],{"class":115},[64,93463,119],{"class":78},[20,93465,384],{},[55,93467,93469],{"className":57,"code":93468,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93470,93471,93480,93488,93496,93504],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,93472,93473,93476,93478],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93474,93475],{"class":70},"Count",[64,93477,160],{"class":78},[64,93479,29239],{"class":82},[64,93481,93482,93484,93486],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,93483,93475],{"class":70},[64,93485,160],{"class":78},[64,93487,45225],{"class":82},[64,93489,93490,93492,93494],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,93491,93475],{"class":70},[64,93493,160],{"class":78},[64,93495,2407],{"class":82},[64,93497,93498,93500,93502],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,93499,93475],{"class":70},[64,93501,160],{"class":78},[64,93503,23285],{"class":82},[64,93505,93506,93508,93510],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,93507,93475],{"class":70},[64,93509,160],{"class":78},[64,93511,34470],{"class":82},[20,93513,93514],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93516,93517,93518,93520,93521,61929,93523,148],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93519,35378],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93522,36229],{},[285,93524,36236,93526,36239],{"href":93525},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93527,35378],{},[50,93529,1471,93531],{"id":93530},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93532,92722],{},[20,93534,1923,93535,10209],{},[15,93536,92722],{},[30,93538,93539,93542,93545,93548],{},[33,93540,93541],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[33,93543,93544],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[33,93546,93547],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[33,93549,93550],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93552,916],{},[55,93554,93556],{"className":57,"code":93555,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93557,93558,93576,93590,93594],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,93559,93560,93562,93564,93566,93568,93570,93572,93574],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93561,71],{"class":70},[64,93563,75],{"class":74},[64,93565,22181],{"class":357},[64,93567,112],{"class":78},[64,93569,59639],{"class":108},[64,93571,112],{"class":78},[64,93573,1107],{"class":82},[64,93575,471],{"class":78},[64,93577,93578,93580,93582,93584,93586,93588],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,93579,116],{"class":70},[64,93581,148],{"class":78},[64,93583,13168],{"class":115},[64,93585,112],{"class":78},[64,93587,1107],{"class":82},[64,93589,119],{"class":78},[64,93591,93592],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,93593,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,93595,93596,93598,93600,93602],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,93597,125],{"class":108},[64,93599,112],{"class":78},[64,93601,116],{"class":115},[64,93603,119],{"class":78},[20,93605,384],{},[55,93607,93609],{"className":57,"code":93608,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93610,93611],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,93612,93613,93615,93617,93619,93621,93623,93625,93627,93629,93631,93633,93635,93637],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93614,394],{"class":78},[64,93616,243],{"class":82},[64,93618,86],{"class":78},[64,93620,5091],{"class":82},[64,93622,86],{"class":78},[64,93624,89],{"class":82},[64,93626,86],{"class":78},[64,93628,94],{"class":82},[64,93630,86],{"class":78},[64,93632,2286],{"class":82},[64,93634,86],{"class":78},[64,93636,1112],{"class":82},[64,93638,97],{"class":78},[20,93640,5655,93641,93643],{},[15,93642,116],{}," is a list.",[50,93645,15213],{"id":15212},[20,93647,93648,93650,93651,148],{},[15,93649,35828],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[221,93652,37229],{},[20,93654,1938],{},[30,93656,93657,93659,93664,93669,93672],{},[33,93658,21606],{},[33,93660,93661,93662],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93663,41995],{},[33,93665,93666,93667],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93668,375],{},[33,93670,93671],{},"You can index it",[33,93673,93674,93675,93677],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93676,52291],{}," do not work on it",[20,93679,916],{},[55,93681,93683],{"className":57,"code":93682,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93684,93685,93699,93703,93717,93731],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,93686,93687,93689,93691,93693,93695,93697],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93688,92861],{"class":70},[64,93690,75],{"class":74},[64,93692,53709],{"class":108},[64,93694,112],{"class":78},[64,93696,1107],{"class":82},[64,93698,119],{"class":78},[64,93700,93701],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,93702,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,93704,93705,93707,93709,93711,93713,93715],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,93706,125],{"class":108},[64,93708,112],{"class":78},[64,93710,60146],{"class":115},[64,93712,394],{"class":78},[64,93714,815],{"class":82},[64,93716,381],{"class":78},[64,93718,93719,93721,93723,93725,93727,93729],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,93720,125],{"class":108},[64,93722,112],{"class":78},[64,93724,10771],{"class":108},[64,93726,112],{"class":78},[64,93728,60146],{"class":115},[64,93730,471],{"class":78},[64,93732,93733,93735,93737,93739,93741,93743],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,93734,125],{"class":108},[64,93736,112],{"class":78},[64,93738,1892],{"class":82},[64,93740,20794],{"class":368},[64,93742,93232],{"class":115},[64,93744,119],{"class":78},[20,93746,384],{},[55,93748,93750],{"className":57,"code":93749,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93751,93752,93756,93760],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,93753,93754],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93755,16674],{"class":82},[64,93757,93758],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,93759,2779],{"class":82},[64,93761,93762],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,93763,476],{"class":338},[20,93765,93766],{},"Now compare that with this:",[55,93768,93770],{"className":57,"code":93769,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,93771,93772,93786],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,93773,93774,93776,93778,93780,93782,93784],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93775,92861],{"class":70},[64,93777,75],{"class":74},[64,93779,53709],{"class":108},[64,93781,112],{"class":78},[64,93783,1107],{"class":82},[64,93785,119],{"class":78},[64,93787,93788,93790,93792,93794,93796,93798],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,93789,60146],{"class":70},[64,93791,148],{"class":78},[64,93793,13168],{"class":115},[64,93795,112],{"class":78},[64,93797,1107],{"class":82},[64,93799,119],{"class":78},[20,93801,384],{},[55,93803,93805],{"className":57,"code":93804,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,93806,93807],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,93808,93809,93811,93813,93815,93817,93819,93821,93824,93826,93828],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93810,25294],{"class":357},[64,93812,160],{"class":78},[64,93814,326],{"class":320},[64,93816,59639],{"class":329},[64,93818,333],{"class":320},[64,93820,24239],{"class":357},[64,93822,93823],{"class":70}," has no attribute ",[64,93825,333],{"class":320},[64,93827,13168],{"class":329},[64,93829,29324],{"class":320},[20,93831,93832,93833,2020,93835,2024,93837,93839],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,93834,52291],{},[15,93836,55168],{},[15,93838,63953],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,93841,93842,93843,148],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[285,93844,25302,93845],{"href":35048},[15,93846,33882],{},[50,93848,93850],{"id":93849},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,93852,93853],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[55,93855,93856],{"className":57,"code":92332,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,93857,93858],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,93859,93860,93862,93864,93866,93868,93870],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93861,125],{"class":108},[64,93863,112],{"class":78},[64,93865,59639],{"class":108},[64,93867,112],{"class":78},[64,93869,1107],{"class":82},[64,93871,471],{"class":78},[20,93873,93874],{},"to show:",[55,93876,93877],{"className":57,"code":59662,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,93878,93879],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,93880,93881,93883,93885,93887,93889,93891,93893,93895,93897,93899,93901],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93882,394],{"class":78},[64,93884,243],{"class":82},[64,93886,86],{"class":78},[64,93888,5091],{"class":82},[64,93890,86],{"class":78},[64,93892,89],{"class":82},[64,93894,86],{"class":78},[64,93896,94],{"class":82},[64,93898,86],{"class":78},[64,93900,2286],{"class":82},[64,93902,97],{"class":78},[20,93904,93905],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[55,93907,93908],{"className":57,"code":92353,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,93909,93910],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,93911,93912,93914,93916,93918,93920,93922],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93913,59639],{"class":108},[64,93915,112],{"class":78},[64,93917,243],{"class":82},[64,93919,86],{"class":78},[64,93921,1112],{"class":82},[64,93923,119],{"class":78},[20,93925,1135,93926,93928],{},[221,93927,1138],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,93930,93931,93932,93934],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[221,93933,92740],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,93936,93937],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[55,93939,93940],{"className":57,"code":90689,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,93941,93942],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,93943,93944,93946,93948,93950,93952,93954,93956,93958],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93945,125],{"class":108},[64,93947,112],{"class":78},[64,93949,7695],{"class":357},[64,93951,112],{"class":78},[64,93953,59639],{"class":108},[64,93955,112],{"class":78},[64,93957,1107],{"class":82},[64,93959,2744],{"class":78},[20,93961,384],{},[55,93963,93964],{"className":57,"code":59662,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,93965,93966],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,93967,93968,93970,93972,93974,93976,93978,93980,93982,93984,93986,93988],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,93969,394],{"class":78},[64,93971,243],{"class":82},[64,93973,86],{"class":78},[64,93975,5091],{"class":82},[64,93977,86],{"class":78},[64,93979,89],{"class":82},[64,93981,86],{"class":78},[64,93983,94],{"class":82},[64,93985,86],{"class":78},[64,93987,2286],{"class":82},[64,93989,97],{"class":78},[50,93991,2661],{"id":2660},[20,93993,93994],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[30,93996,93997,94003,94006,94012],{},[33,93998,8020,93999,94002],{},[15,94000,94001],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[33,94004,94005],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[33,94007,94008,94009,94011],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94010,35828],{}," is iterable but not a list",[33,94013,8020,94014,94016,94017,94019],{},[15,94015,92722],{}," when plain ",[15,94018,35828],{}," would be simpler",[20,94021,94022],{},"These quick checks can help:",[55,94024,94026],{"className":57,"code":94025,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94027,94028,94042,94060,94078,94100,94118],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,94029,94030,94032,94034,94036,94038,94040],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94031,125],{"class":108},[64,94033,112],{"class":78},[64,94035,59639],{"class":108},[64,94037,112],{"class":78},[64,94039,1107],{"class":82},[64,94041,471],{"class":78},[64,94043,94044,94046,94048,94050,94052,94054,94056,94058],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,94045,125],{"class":108},[64,94047,112],{"class":78},[64,94049,7695],{"class":357},[64,94051,112],{"class":78},[64,94053,59639],{"class":108},[64,94055,112],{"class":78},[64,94057,1107],{"class":82},[64,94059,2744],{"class":78},[64,94061,94062,94064,94066,94068,94070,94072,94074,94076],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,94063,125],{"class":108},[64,94065,112],{"class":78},[64,94067,3052],{"class":357},[64,94069,112],{"class":78},[64,94071,59639],{"class":108},[64,94073,112],{"class":78},[64,94075,1107],{"class":82},[64,94077,2744],{"class":78},[64,94079,94080,94082,94084,94086,94088,94090,94092,94094,94096,94098],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,94081,125],{"class":108},[64,94083,112],{"class":78},[64,94085,3052],{"class":357},[64,94087,112],{"class":78},[64,94089,7695],{"class":357},[64,94091,112],{"class":78},[64,94093,59639],{"class":108},[64,94095,112],{"class":78},[64,94097,1107],{"class":82},[64,94099,93009],{"class":78},[64,94101,94102,94104,94106,94108,94110,94112,94114,94116],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,94103,125],{"class":108},[64,94105,112],{"class":78},[64,94107,1892],{"class":82},[64,94109,20794],{"class":368},[64,94111,53709],{"class":108},[64,94113,112],{"class":78},[64,94115,1107],{"class":82},[64,94117,471],{"class":78},[64,94119,94120,94122,94124,94126,94128,94130,94132,94134],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,94121,125],{"class":108},[64,94123,112],{"class":78},[64,94125,10771],{"class":108},[64,94127,112],{"class":78},[64,94129,59639],{"class":108},[64,94131,112],{"class":78},[64,94133,1107],{"class":82},[64,94135,2744],{"class":78},[20,94137,384],{},[55,94139,94141],{"className":57,"code":94140,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94142,94143,94157,94181,94195,94209,94213],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,94144,94145,94147,94149,94151,94153,94155],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94146,59639],{"class":108},[64,94148,112],{"class":78},[64,94150,243],{"class":82},[64,94152,86],{"class":78},[64,94154,1112],{"class":82},[64,94156,119],{"class":78},[64,94158,94159,94161,94163,94165,94167,94169,94171,94173,94175,94177,94179],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,94160,394],{"class":78},[64,94162,243],{"class":82},[64,94164,86],{"class":78},[64,94166,5091],{"class":82},[64,94168,86],{"class":78},[64,94170,89],{"class":82},[64,94172,86],{"class":78},[64,94174,94],{"class":82},[64,94176,86],{"class":78},[64,94178,2286],{"class":82},[64,94180,97],{"class":78},[64,94182,94183,94185,94187,94189,94191,94193],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,94184,3121],{"class":74},[64,94186,3124],{"class":1895},[64,94188,326],{"class":320},[64,94190,59639],{"class":329},[64,94192,333],{"class":320},[64,94194,3133],{"class":74},[64,94196,94197,94199,94201,94203,94205,94207],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,94198,3121],{"class":74},[64,94200,3124],{"class":1895},[64,94202,326],{"class":320},[64,94204,7695],{"class":329},[64,94206,333],{"class":320},[64,94208,3133],{"class":74},[64,94210,94211],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,94212,476],{"class":338},[64,94214,94215],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,94216,2779],{"class":82},[50,94218,1651],{"id":1650},[428,94220,14519,94222,94224],{"id":94221},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94223,35828],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94226,46001,94227,94229],{},[15,94228,35828],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[428,94231,94233,94234,10701,94236,1677],{"id":94232},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94235,35828],{},[15,94237,92722],{},[20,94239,94240,94242,94243,94245],{},[15,94241,35828],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94244,92722],{}," creates a full list.",[428,94247,94249],{"id":94248},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94251,94252],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94254,916],{},[55,94256,94258],{"className":57,"code":94257,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94259,94260,94274],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,94261,94262,94264,94266,94268,94270,94272],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94263,92861],{"class":70},[64,94265,75],{"class":74},[64,94267,53709],{"class":108},[64,94269,112],{"class":78},[64,94271,1107],{"class":82},[64,94273,119],{"class":78},[64,94275,94276,94278,94280,94282,94284,94286],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,94277,125],{"class":108},[64,94279,112],{"class":78},[64,94281,60146],{"class":115},[64,94283,394],{"class":78},[64,94285,83],{"class":82},[64,94287,381],{"class":78},[20,94289,384],{},[55,94291,94292],{"className":57,"code":46553,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,94293,94294],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,94295,94296],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94297,46553],{"class":82},[428,94299,1671,94301,94303],{"id":94300},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94302,94001],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94305,94306,94307,94310],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94308,94309],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[428,94312,94314,94315,94317],{"id":94313},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94316,35828],{}," to a list?",[20,94319,94320],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[50,94322,1717],{"id":1716},[30,94324,94325,94331,94337,94344,94350],{},[33,94326,94327],{},[285,94328,13,94329,1713],{"href":92706},[15,94330,35828],{},[33,94332,94333],{},[285,94334,13,94335,1713],{"href":64489},[15,94336,24403],{},[33,94338,94339],{},[285,94340,13,94341,94343],{"href":93159},[15,94342,5552],{}," loops explained",[33,94345,94346],{},[285,94347,37150,94348,36239],{"href":93525},[15,94349,35378],{},[33,94351,94352],{},[285,94353,25745,94354],{"href":35048},[15,94355,33882],{},[1751,94357,94358],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code 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var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":94360},[94361,94362,94363,94365,94367,94369,94371,94372,94373,94374,94385],{"id":52,"depth":100,"text":53},{"id":92825,"depth":100,"text":92826},{"id":93057,"depth":100,"text":94364},"What range() gives you",{"id":93270,"depth":100,"text":94366},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93395,"depth":100,"text":94368},"When to use range()",{"id":93530,"depth":100,"text":94370},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15212,"depth":100,"text":15213},{"id":93849,"depth":100,"text":93850},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":94375},[94376,94378,94380,94381,94383],{"id":94221,"depth":122,"text":94377},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94232,"depth":122,"text":94379},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94248,"depth":122,"text":94249},{"id":94300,"depth":122,"text":94382},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94313,"depth":122,"text":94384},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92712,"description":94386},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94393,"title":94394,"body":94395,"description":95831,"extension":1791,"meta":95832,"navigation":346,"path":95833,"seo":95834,"stem":95835,"__hash__":95836},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94396,"toc":95797},[94397,94403,94408,94411,94425,94428,94430,94469,94471,94484,94492,94497,94513,94516,94518,94520,94541,94558,94561,94620,94622,94641,94646,94652,94655,94689,94691,94704,94707,94752,94754,94777,94784,94790,94793,94834,94836,94850,94853,94911,94913,94928,94941,94947,94953,95018,95020,95039,95041,95059,95062,95066,95072,95074,95107,95109,95122,95132,95135,95196,95198,95219,95222,95224,95240,95245,95249,95254,95259,95315,95317,95335,95338,95383,95385,95393,95398,95402,95416,95418,95450,95452,95461,95463,95467,95476,95479,95511,95513,95525,95528,95532,95537,95578,95580,95588,95591,95614,95618,95620,95629,95632,95685,95687,95696,95700,95705,95716,95718,95727,95730,95736,95739,95745,95755,95763,95770,95772,95794],[10,94398,13,94400,18],{"id":94399},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94401,94402],{},"round()",[20,94404,8728,94405,94407],{},[15,94406,94402],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94409,94410],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[30,94412,94413,94419],{},[33,94414,94415,94418],{},[15,94416,94417],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[33,94420,94421,94424],{},[15,94422,94423],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94426,94427],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[50,94429,1833],{"id":1832},[55,94431,94433],{"className":57,"code":94432,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94434,94435,94451],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,94436,94437,94439,94441,94444,94446,94449],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94438,125],{"class":108},[64,94440,112],{"class":78},[64,94442,94443],{"class":108},"round",[64,94445,112],{"class":78},[64,94447,94448],{"class":82},"3.14159",[64,94450,471],{"class":78},[64,94452,94453,94455,94457,94459,94461,94463,94465,94467],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,94454,125],{"class":108},[64,94456,112],{"class":78},[64,94458,94443],{"class":108},[64,94460,112],{"class":78},[64,94462,94448],{"class":82},[64,94464,86],{"class":78},[64,94466,89],{"class":82},[64,94468,471],{"class":78},[20,94470,384],{},[55,94472,94474],{"className":57,"code":94473,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94475,94476,94480],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,94477,94478],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94479,46253],{"class":82},[64,94481,94482],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,94483,39810],{"class":82},[20,94485,1923,94486,94488,94489,94491],{},[15,94487,94417],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94490,94423],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[50,94493,152,94495,155],{"id":94494},"what-round-does",[15,94496,94402],{},[30,94498,94499,94504,94507,94510],{},[33,94500,94501,94503],{},[15,94502,94402],{}," is a built-in Python function",[33,94505,94506],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[33,94508,94509],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[33,94511,94512],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94514,94515],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[50,94517,1988],{"id":1987},[20,94519,1991],{},[55,94521,94523],{"className":57,"code":94522,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94524,94525],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,94526,94527,94529,94531,94533,94536,94539],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94528,94443],{"class":108},[64,94530,112],{"class":78},[64,94532,2069],{"class":115},[64,94534,94535],{"class":78},"[,",[64,94537,94538],{"class":115}," ndigits",[64,94540,381],{"class":78},[30,94542,94543,94548,94553],{},[33,94544,94545,94547],{},[15,94546,2069],{}," is the value to round",[33,94549,94550,19659],{},[15,94551,94552],{},"ndigits",[33,94554,94555,94557],{},[15,94556,94552],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94559,94560],{},"Basic examples:",[55,94562,94564],{"className":57,"code":94563,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94565,94566,94581,94599],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,94567,94568,94570,94572,94574,94576,94579],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94569,125],{"class":108},[64,94571,112],{"class":78},[64,94573,94443],{"class":108},[64,94575,112],{"class":78},[64,94577,94578],{"class":82},"7.8",[64,94580,471],{"class":78},[64,94582,94583,94585,94587,94589,94591,94593,94595,94597],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,94584,125],{"class":108},[64,94586,112],{"class":78},[64,94588,94443],{"class":108},[64,94590,112],{"class":78},[64,94592,94578],{"class":82},[64,94594,86],{"class":78},[64,94596,5091],{"class":82},[64,94598,471],{"class":78},[64,94600,94601,94603,94605,94607,94609,94612,94614,94616,94618],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,94602,125],{"class":108},[64,94604,112],{"class":78},[64,94606,94443],{"class":108},[64,94608,112],{"class":78},[64,94610,94611],{"class":82},"1234",[64,94613,86],{"class":78},[64,94615,812],{"class":74},[64,94617,815],{"class":82},[64,94619,471],{"class":78},[20,94621,384],{},[55,94623,94625],{"className":57,"code":94624,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94626,94627,94631,94636],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,94628,94629],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94630,2211],{"class":82},[64,94632,94633],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,94634,94635],{"class":82},"7.8\n",[64,94637,94638],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,94639,94640],{"class":82},"1200\n",[20,94642,94643,94644,148],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[285,94645,2249],{"href":2248},[50,94647,8020,94649,94651],{"id":94648},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94650,94402],{}," with one argument",[20,94653,94654],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[55,94656,94658],{"className":57,"code":94657,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94659,94660,94674],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,94661,94662,94664,94666,94668,94670,94672],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94663,125],{"class":108},[64,94665,112],{"class":78},[64,94667,94443],{"class":108},[64,94669,112],{"class":78},[64,94671,2192],{"class":82},[64,94673,471],{"class":78},[64,94675,94676,94678,94680,94682,94684,94687],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,94677,125],{"class":108},[64,94679,112],{"class":78},[64,94681,94443],{"class":108},[64,94683,112],{"class":78},[64,94685,94686],{"class":82},"4.8",[64,94688,471],{"class":78},[20,94690,384],{},[55,94692,94694],{"className":57,"code":94693,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"4\n5\n",[15,94695,94696,94700],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,94697,94698],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94699,48287],{"class":82},[64,94701,94702],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,94703,2779],{"class":82},[20,94705,94706],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[55,94708,94710],{"className":57,"code":94709,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94711,94712,94728,94738],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,94713,94714,94716,94718,94721,94723,94726],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94715,103],{"class":70},[64,94717,75],{"class":74},[64,94719,94720],{"class":108}," round",[64,94722,112],{"class":78},[64,94724,94725],{"class":82},"10.2",[64,94727,119],{"class":78},[64,94729,94730,94732,94734,94736],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,94731,125],{"class":108},[64,94733,112],{"class":78},[64,94735,130],{"class":115},[64,94737,119],{"class":78},[64,94739,94740,94742,94744,94746,94748,94750],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,94741,125],{"class":108},[64,94743,112],{"class":78},[64,94745,3052],{"class":357},[64,94747,112],{"class":78},[64,94749,130],{"class":115},[64,94751,471],{"class":78},[20,94753,384],{},[55,94755,94757],{"className":57,"code":94756,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94758,94759,94763],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,94760,94761],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94762,2206],{"class":82},[64,94764,94765,94767,94769,94771,94773,94775],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,94766,3121],{"class":74},[64,94768,3124],{"class":1895},[64,94770,326],{"class":320},[64,94772,2019],{"class":329},[64,94774,333],{"class":320},[64,94776,3133],{"class":74},[20,94778,94779,94780,148],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[285,94781,13,94782,1713],{"href":2707},[15,94783,2710],{},[50,94785,8020,94787,94789],{"id":94786},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,94788,94402],{}," with decimal places",[20,94791,94792],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[55,94794,94796],{"className":57,"code":94795,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,94797,94798,94816],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,94799,94800,94802,94804,94806,94808,94810,94812,94814],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94801,125],{"class":108},[64,94803,112],{"class":78},[64,94805,94443],{"class":108},[64,94807,112],{"class":78},[64,94809,94448],{"class":82},[64,94811,86],{"class":78},[64,94813,89],{"class":82},[64,94815,471],{"class":78},[64,94817,94818,94820,94822,94824,94826,94828,94830,94832],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,94819,125],{"class":108},[64,94821,112],{"class":78},[64,94823,94443],{"class":108},[64,94825,112],{"class":78},[64,94827,94448],{"class":82},[64,94829,86],{"class":78},[64,94831,94],{"class":82},[64,94833,471],{"class":78},[20,94835,384],{},[55,94837,94839],{"className":57,"code":94838,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,94840,94841,94845],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,94842,94843],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94844,39810],{"class":82},[64,94846,94847],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,94848,94849],{"class":82},"3.142\n",[20,94851,94852],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[55,94854,94856],{"className":57,"code":94855,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,94857,94858,94867,94886,94890,94900],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,94859,94860,94862,94864],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94861,40020],{"class":70},[64,94863,75],{"class":74},[64,94865,94866],{"class":82}," 19.9876\n",[64,94868,94869,94872,94874,94876,94878,94880,94882,94884],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,94870,94871],{"class":70},"rounded_price ",[64,94873,75],{"class":74},[64,94875,94720],{"class":108},[64,94877,112],{"class":78},[64,94879,24772],{"class":115},[64,94881,86],{"class":78},[64,94883,89],{"class":82},[64,94885,119],{"class":78},[64,94887,94888],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,94889,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,94891,94892,94894,94896,94898],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,94893,125],{"class":108},[64,94895,112],{"class":78},[64,94897,24772],{"class":115},[64,94899,119],{"class":78},[64,94901,94902,94904,94906,94909],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,94903,125],{"class":108},[64,94905,112],{"class":78},[64,94907,94908],{"class":115},"rounded_price",[64,94910,119],{"class":78},[20,94912,384],{},[55,94914,94916],{"className":57,"code":94915,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,94917,94918,94923],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,94919,94920],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94921,94922],{"class":82},"19.9876\n",[64,94924,94925],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,94926,94927],{"class":82},"19.99\n",[20,94929,94930,94931,94934,94935,212,94937,148],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,94932,94933],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[285,94936,40525],{"href":40524},[285,94938,13,94939,1713],{"href":2713},[15,94940,2716],{},[50,94942,94944,94945],{"id":94943},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,94946,94552],{},[20,94948,94949,94950,94952],{},"A negative ",[15,94951,94552],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[55,94954,94956],{"className":57,"code":94955,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,94957,94958,94978,94998],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,94959,94960,94962,94964,94966,94968,94970,94972,94974,94976],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,94961,125],{"class":108},[64,94963,112],{"class":78},[64,94965,94443],{"class":108},[64,94967,112],{"class":78},[64,94969,94611],{"class":82},[64,94971,86],{"class":78},[64,94973,812],{"class":74},[64,94975,83],{"class":82},[64,94977,471],{"class":78},[64,94979,94980,94982,94984,94986,94988,94990,94992,94994,94996],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,94981,125],{"class":108},[64,94983,112],{"class":78},[64,94985,94443],{"class":108},[64,94987,112],{"class":78},[64,94989,94611],{"class":82},[64,94991,86],{"class":78},[64,94993,812],{"class":74},[64,94995,815],{"class":82},[64,94997,471],{"class":78},[64,94999,95000,95002,95004,95006,95008,95010,95012,95014,95016],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,95001,125],{"class":108},[64,95003,112],{"class":78},[64,95005,94443],{"class":108},[64,95007,112],{"class":78},[64,95009,94611],{"class":82},[64,95011,86],{"class":78},[64,95013,812],{"class":74},[64,95015,1892],{"class":82},[64,95017,471],{"class":78},[20,95019,384],{},[55,95021,95023],{"className":57,"code":95022,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95024,95025,95030,95034],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,95026,95027],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95028,95029],{"class":82},"1230\n",[64,95031,95032],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,95033,94640],{"class":82},[64,95035,95036],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,95037,95038],{"class":82},"1000\n",[20,95040,65226],{},[30,95042,95043,95048,95054],{},[33,95044,95045,95047],{},[15,95046,65496],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[33,95049,95050,95053],{},[15,95051,95052],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[33,95055,95056,95058],{},[15,95057,47307],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95060,95061],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[50,95063,95065],{"id":95064},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95067,95068,95069,148],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95070,95071],{},".5",[20,95073,5065],{},[55,95075,95077],{"className":57,"code":95076,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95078,95079,95093],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,95080,95081,95083,95085,95087,95089,95091],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95082,125],{"class":108},[64,95084,112],{"class":78},[64,95086,94443],{"class":108},[64,95088,112],{"class":78},[64,95090,40792],{"class":82},[64,95092,471],{"class":78},[64,95094,95095,95097,95099,95101,95103,95105],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,95096,125],{"class":108},[64,95098,112],{"class":78},[64,95100,94443],{"class":108},[64,95102,112],{"class":78},[64,95104,1870],{"class":82},[64,95106,471],{"class":78},[20,95108,384],{},[55,95110,95112],{"className":57,"code":95111,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"2\n4\n",[15,95113,95114,95118],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,95115,95116],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95117,16674],{"class":82},[64,95119,95120],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,95121,48287],{"class":82},[20,95123,95124,95125,95128,95129,95131],{},"Python uses ",[221,95126,95127],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95130,95071],{}," situations.",[20,95133,95134],{},"More examples:",[55,95136,95138],{"className":57,"code":95137,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95139,95140,95154,95168,95182],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,95141,95142,95144,95146,95148,95150,95152],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95143,125],{"class":108},[64,95145,112],{"class":78},[64,95147,94443],{"class":108},[64,95149,112],{"class":78},[64,95151,40805],{"class":82},[64,95153,471],{"class":78},[64,95155,95156,95158,95160,95162,95164,95166],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,95157,125],{"class":108},[64,95159,112],{"class":78},[64,95161,94443],{"class":108},[64,95163,112],{"class":78},[64,95165,40792],{"class":82},[64,95167,471],{"class":78},[64,95169,95170,95172,95174,95176,95178,95180],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,95171,125],{"class":108},[64,95173,112],{"class":78},[64,95175,94443],{"class":108},[64,95177,112],{"class":78},[64,95179,1870],{"class":82},[64,95181,471],{"class":78},[64,95183,95184,95186,95188,95190,95192,95194],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,95185,125],{"class":108},[64,95187,112],{"class":78},[64,95189,94443],{"class":108},[64,95191,112],{"class":78},[64,95193,40757],{"class":82},[64,95195,471],{"class":78},[20,95197,384],{},[55,95199,95201],{"className":57,"code":95200,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95202,95203,95207,95211,95215],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,95204,95205],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95206,16674],{"class":82},[64,95208,95209],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,95210,16674],{"class":82},[64,95212,95213],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,95214,48287],{"class":82},[64,95216,95217],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,95218,48287],{"class":82},[20,95220,95221],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95223,10321],{},[30,95225,95226,95233],{},[33,95227,95228,1964,95231],{},[15,95229,95230],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95232,815],{},[33,95234,95235,1964,95238],{},[15,95236,95237],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95239,2334],{},[20,95241,2999,95242,95244],{},[15,95243,95071],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[50,95246,95248],{"id":95247},"return-values","Return values",[20,95250,95251,95253],{},[15,95252,94402],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95255,40539,95256,95258],{},[221,95257,1138],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[55,95260,95262],{"className":57,"code":95261,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95263,95264,95273,95277,95287,95305],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,95265,95266,95268,95270],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95267,2276],{"class":70},[64,95269,75],{"class":74},[64,95271,95272],{"class":82}," 3.14159\n",[64,95274,95275],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,95276,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,95278,95279,95281,95283,95285],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,95280,125],{"class":108},[64,95282,112],{"class":78},[64,95284,2302],{"class":115},[64,95286,119],{"class":78},[64,95288,95289,95291,95293,95295,95297,95299,95301,95303],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,95290,125],{"class":108},[64,95292,112],{"class":78},[64,95294,94443],{"class":108},[64,95296,112],{"class":78},[64,95298,2302],{"class":115},[64,95300,86],{"class":78},[64,95302,89],{"class":82},[64,95304,471],{"class":78},[64,95306,95307,95309,95311,95313],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,95308,125],{"class":108},[64,95310,112],{"class":78},[64,95312,2302],{"class":115},[64,95314,119],{"class":78},[20,95316,384],{},[55,95318,95320],{"className":57,"code":95319,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95321,95322,95327,95331],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,95323,95324],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95325,95326],{"class":82},"3.14159\n",[64,95328,95329],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,95330,39810],{"class":82},[64,95332,95333],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,95334,95326],{"class":82},[20,95336,95337],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[55,95339,95341],{"className":57,"code":95340,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95342,95343,95351,95369,95373],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,95344,95345,95347,95349],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95346,2276],{"class":70},[64,95348,75],{"class":74},[64,95350,95272],{"class":82},[64,95352,95353,95355,95357,95359,95361,95363,95365,95367],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,95354,2276],{"class":70},[64,95356,75],{"class":74},[64,95358,94720],{"class":108},[64,95360,112],{"class":78},[64,95362,2302],{"class":115},[64,95364,86],{"class":78},[64,95366,89],{"class":82},[64,95368,119],{"class":78},[64,95370,95371],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,95372,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,95374,95375,95377,95379,95381],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,95376,125],{"class":108},[64,95378,112],{"class":78},[64,95380,2302],{"class":115},[64,95382,119],{"class":78},[20,95384,384],{},[55,95386,95387],{"className":57,"code":39810,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,95388,95389],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,95390,95391],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95392,39810],{"class":82},[50,95394,1471,95396],{"id":95395},"when-to-use-round",[15,95397,94402],{},[20,95399,1923,95400,5913],{},[15,95401,94402],{},[30,95403,95404,95407,95410,95413],{},[33,95405,95406],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[33,95408,95409],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[33,95411,95412],{},"Round values before reporting results",[33,95414,95415],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95417,5065],{},[55,95419,95421],{"className":57,"code":95420,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95422,95423,95432],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,95424,95425,95427,95429],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95426,2426],{"class":70},[64,95428,75],{"class":74},[64,95430,95431],{"class":82}," 12.67891\n",[64,95433,95434,95436,95438,95440,95442,95444,95446,95448],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,95435,125],{"class":108},[64,95437,112],{"class":78},[64,95439,94443],{"class":108},[64,95441,112],{"class":78},[64,95443,2449],{"class":115},[64,95445,86],{"class":78},[64,95447,89],{"class":82},[64,95449,471],{"class":78},[20,95451,384],{},[55,95453,95455],{"className":57,"code":95454,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"12.68\n",[15,95456,95457],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,95458,95459],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95460,95454],{"class":82},[50,95462,2661],{"id":2660},[20,95464,22716,95465,148],{},[15,95466,94402],{},[428,95468,8056,95470,95472,95473,95475],{"id":95469},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95471,94402],{}," to always round ",[15,95474,95071],{}," upward",[20,95477,95478],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[55,95480,95481],{"className":57,"code":95076,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,95482,95483,95497],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,95484,95485,95487,95489,95491,95493,95495],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95486,125],{"class":108},[64,95488,112],{"class":78},[64,95490,94443],{"class":108},[64,95492,112],{"class":78},[64,95494,40792],{"class":82},[64,95496,471],{"class":78},[64,95498,95499,95501,95503,95505,95507,95509],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,95500,125],{"class":108},[64,95502,112],{"class":78},[64,95504,94443],{"class":108},[64,95506,112],{"class":78},[64,95508,1870],{"class":82},[64,95510,471],{"class":78},[20,95512,384],{},[55,95514,95515],{"className":57,"code":95111,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,95516,95517,95521],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,95518,95519],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95520,16674],{"class":82},[64,95522,95523],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,95524,48287],{"class":82},[20,95526,95527],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[428,95529,95531],{"id":95530},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95533,95534,95536],{},[15,95535,94402],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[55,95538,95540],{"className":57,"code":95539,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95541,95542,95550,95564,95568],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,95543,95544,95546,95548],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95545,2276],{"class":70},[64,95547,75],{"class":74},[64,95549,95272],{"class":82},[64,95551,95552,95554,95556,95558,95560,95562],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,95553,94443],{"class":108},[64,95555,112],{"class":78},[64,95557,2302],{"class":115},[64,95559,86],{"class":78},[64,95561,89],{"class":82},[64,95563,119],{"class":78},[64,95565,95566],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,95567,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,95569,95570,95572,95574,95576],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,95571,125],{"class":108},[64,95573,112],{"class":78},[64,95575,2302],{"class":115},[64,95577,119],{"class":78},[20,95579,384],{},[55,95581,95582],{"className":57,"code":95326,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,95583,95584],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,95585,95586],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95587,95326],{"class":82},[20,95589,95590],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[55,95592,95594],{"className":57,"code":95593,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95595,95596],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,95597,95598,95600,95602,95604,95606,95608,95610,95612],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95599,2276],{"class":70},[64,95601,75],{"class":74},[64,95603,94720],{"class":108},[64,95605,112],{"class":78},[64,95607,2302],{"class":115},[64,95609,86],{"class":78},[64,95611,89],{"class":82},[64,95613,119],{"class":78},[428,95615,95617],{"id":95616},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95619,16018],{},[55,95621,95623],{"className":57,"code":95622,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95624,95625],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,95626,95627],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95628,95622],{"class":136},[20,95630,95631],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[55,95633,95635],{"className":57,"code":95634,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95636,95637,95649,95663,95667],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,95638,95639,95641,95643,95645,95647],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95640,34315],{"class":70},[64,95642,75],{"class":74},[64,95644,3184],{"class":320},[64,95646,39776],{"class":329},[64,95648,3190],{"class":320},[64,95650,95651,95653,95655,95657,95659,95661],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,95652,2048],{"class":70},[64,95654,75],{"class":74},[64,95656,39888],{"class":357},[64,95658,112],{"class":78},[64,95660,34336],{"class":115},[64,95662,119],{"class":78},[64,95664,95665],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,95666,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,95668,95669,95671,95673,95675,95677,95679,95681,95683],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,95670,125],{"class":108},[64,95672,112],{"class":78},[64,95674,94443],{"class":108},[64,95676,112],{"class":78},[64,95678,2069],{"class":115},[64,95680,86],{"class":78},[64,95682,5091],{"class":82},[64,95684,471],{"class":78},[20,95686,384],{},[55,95688,95690],{"className":57,"code":95689,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"3.1\n",[15,95691,95692],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,95693,95694],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95695,95689],{"class":82},[428,95697,95699],{"id":95698},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95701,95702,95704],{},[15,95703,94402],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95706,95707,95708,212,95712,148],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[285,95709,95710],{"href":2713},[15,95711,2716],{},[285,95713,95714],{"href":2707},[15,95715,2710],{},[50,95717,1651],{"id":1650},[428,95719,12317,95721,95723,95724,95726],{"id":95720},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95722,94402],{}," always round ",[15,95725,39847],{}," up?",[20,95728,95729],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[428,95731,12317,95733,95735],{"id":95732},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95734,94402],{}," change the original number?",[20,95737,95738],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[428,95740,1684,95742,95744],{"id":95741},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95743,94402],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95746,95747,95748,95750,95751,212,95753,148],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95749,94552],{}," value like ",[15,95752,65496],{},[15,95754,95052],{},[428,95756,27952,95758,95760,95761,1677],{"id":95757},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95759,94402],{}," on a string like ",[15,95762,47731],{},[20,95764,95765,95766,212,95768,148],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95767,2716],{},[15,95769,2710],{},[50,95771,1717],{"id":1716},[30,95773,95774,95780,95786,95790],{},[33,95775,95776],{},[285,95777,13,95778,1713],{"href":2713},[15,95779,2716],{},[33,95781,95782],{},[285,95783,13,95784,1713],{"href":2707},[15,95785,2710],{},[33,95787,95788],{},[285,95789,2249],{"href":2248},[33,95791,95792],{},[285,95793,41815],{"href":40524},[1751,95795,95796],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":95798},[95799,95800,95802,95803,95805,95807,95809,95810,95811,95813,95820,95830],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":94494,"depth":100,"text":95801},"What round() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":94648,"depth":100,"text":95804},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94786,"depth":100,"text":95806},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":94943,"depth":100,"text":95808},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95064,"depth":100,"text":95065},{"id":95247,"depth":100,"text":95248},{"id":95395,"depth":100,"text":95812},"When to use round()",{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661,"children":95814},[95815,95817,95818,95819],{"id":95469,"depth":122,"text":95816},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95530,"depth":122,"text":95531},{"id":95616,"depth":122,"text":95617},{"id":95698,"depth":122,"text":95699},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":95821},[95822,95824,95826,95828],{"id":95720,"depth":122,"text":95823},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95732,"depth":122,"text":95825},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95741,"depth":122,"text":95827},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95757,"depth":122,"text":95829},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94394,"description":95831},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95838,"title":95839,"body":95840,"description":97025,"extension":1791,"meta":97026,"navigation":346,"path":97027,"seo":97028,"stem":97029,"__hash__":97030},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95841,"toc":96999},[95842,95849,95855,95858,95860,95909,95913,95938,95943,95948,95953,95967,95978,95980,95999,96001,96017,96020,96031,96033,96035,96096,96100,96133,96140,96147,96150,96183,96186,96190,96193,96246,96250,96271,96277,96284,96291,96352,96360,96437,96441,96453,96462,96464,96470,96476,96480,96533,96536,96594,96598,96606,96609,96613,96616,96626,96628,96725,96728,96739,96742,96785,96789,96813,96816,96822,96824,96828,96853,96855,96922,96931,96933,96939,96944,96948,96951,96955,96962,96966,96971,96973,96990,96996],[10,95843,95845,95846,10932],{"id":95844},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,95847,95848],{},"add()",[20,95850,95851,95854],{},[15,95852,95853],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,95856,95857],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[50,95859,1833],{"id":1832},[55,95861,95863],{"className":57,"code":95862,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95864,95865,95885,95899],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,95866,95867,95869,95871,95873,95875,95877,95879,95881,95883],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95868,71],{"class":70},[64,95870,75],{"class":74},[64,95872,10098],{"class":78},[64,95874,83],{"class":82},[64,95876,86],{"class":78},[64,95878,89],{"class":82},[64,95880,86],{"class":78},[64,95882,94],{"class":82},[64,95884,8915],{"class":78},[64,95886,95887,95889,95891,95893,95895,95897],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,95888,116],{"class":70},[64,95890,148],{"class":78},[64,95892,81748],{"class":115},[64,95894,112],{"class":78},[64,95896,2334],{"class":82},[64,95898,119],{"class":78},[64,95900,95901,95903,95905,95907],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,95902,125],{"class":108},[64,95904,112],{"class":78},[64,95906,116],{"class":115},[64,95908,119],{"class":78},[20,95910,95911],{},[221,95912,384],{},[55,95914,95916],{"className":57,"code":95915,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,95917,95918],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,95919,95920,95922,95924,95926,95928,95930,95932,95934,95936],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95921,8884],{"class":78},[64,95923,83],{"class":82},[64,95925,86],{"class":78},[64,95927,89],{"class":82},[64,95929,86],{"class":78},[64,95931,94],{"class":82},[64,95933,86],{"class":78},[64,95935,2286],{"class":82},[64,95937,8915],{"class":78},[20,95939,1923,95940,95942],{},[15,95941,95848],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[50,95944,152,95946,155],{"id":95945},"what-setadd-does",[15,95947,95853],{},[20,95949,95950,95952],{},[15,95951,95853],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[30,95954,95955,95958,95961,95964],{},[33,95956,95957],{},"Adds one item to a set",[33,95959,95960],{},"Changes the original set in place",[33,95962,95963],{},"Does not return a new set",[33,95965,95966],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,95968,95969,95970,212,95974,148],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[285,95971,95973],{"href":95972},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[285,95975,95977],{"href":95976},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[50,95979,1988],{"id":1987},[55,95981,95983],{"className":57,"code":95982,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,95984,95985],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,95986,95987,95989,95991,95993,95995,95997],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,95988,15283],{"class":70},[64,95990,148],{"class":78},[64,95992,81748],{"class":115},[64,95994,112],{"class":78},[64,95996,22932],{"class":115},[64,95998,119],{"class":78},[20,96000,11069],{},[30,96002,96003,96008,96011],{},[33,96004,55548,96005,96007],{},[15,96006,95848],{}," on an existing set",[33,96009,96010],{},"Pass exactly one item",[33,96012,96013,96014],{},"The item must be ",[221,96015,96016],{},"hashable",[20,96018,96019],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[30,96021,96022,96024,96026,96029],{},[33,96023,56101],{},[33,96025,56104],{},[33,96027,96028],{},"Tuples",[33,96030,40228],{},[50,96032,11086],{"id":11085},[20,96034,11089],{},[55,96036,96038],{"className":57,"code":96037,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96039,96040,96064,96082,96086],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,96041,96042,96044,96046,96048,96050,96052,96054,96056,96058,96060,96062],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,96043,12690],{"class":70},[64,96045,75],{"class":74},[64,96047,10098],{"class":78},[64,96049,2686],{"class":320},[64,96051,12707],{"class":329},[64,96053,2686],{"class":320},[64,96055,86],{"class":78},[64,96057,3184],{"class":320},[64,96059,12724],{"class":329},[64,96061,2686],{"class":320},[64,96063,8915],{"class":78},[64,96065,96066,96068,96070,96072,96074,96076,96078,96080],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,96067,17121],{"class":70},[64,96069,148],{"class":78},[64,96071,81748],{"class":115},[64,96073,112],{"class":78},[64,96075,2686],{"class":320},[64,96077,17074],{"class":329},[64,96079,2686],{"class":320},[64,96081,119],{"class":78},[64,96083,96084],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,96085,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,96087,96088,96090,96092,96094],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,96089,125],{"class":108},[64,96091,112],{"class":78},[64,96093,17121],{"class":115},[64,96095,119],{"class":78},[20,96097,96098],{},[221,96099,29654],{},[55,96101,96103],{"className":57,"code":96102,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96104,96105],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,96106,96107,96109,96111,96113,96115,96117,96119,96121,96123,96125,96127,96129,96131],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,96108,8884],{"class":78},[64,96110,333],{"class":320},[64,96112,12707],{"class":329},[64,96114,333],{"class":320},[64,96116,86],{"class":78},[64,96118,326],{"class":320},[64,96120,17074],{"class":329},[64,96122,333],{"class":320},[64,96124,86],{"class":78},[64,96126,326],{"class":320},[64,96128,12724],{"class":329},[64,96130,333],{"class":320},[64,96132,8915],{"class":78},[20,96134,96135,96136,96139],{},"The new value ",[15,96137,96138],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96141,96142,96143,96146],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[221,96144,96145],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96148,96149],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[55,96151,96153],{"className":57,"code":96152,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96154,96155],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,96156,96157,96159,96161,96163,96165,96167,96169,96171,96173,96175,96177,96179,96181],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,96158,8884],{"class":78},[64,96160,333],{"class":320},[64,96162,12724],{"class":329},[64,96164,333],{"class":320},[64,96166,86],{"class":78},[64,96168,326],{"class":320},[64,96170,12707],{"class":329},[64,96172,333],{"class":320},[64,96174,86],{"class":78},[64,96176,326],{"class":320},[64,96178,17074],{"class":329},[64,96180,333],{"class":320},[64,96182,8915],{"class":78},[20,96184,96185],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[50,96187,96189],{"id":96188},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96191,96192],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[55,96194,96196],{"className":57,"code":96195,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96197,96198,96218,96232,96236],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,96199,96200,96202,96204,96206,96208,96210,96212,96214,96216],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,96201,71],{"class":70},[64,96203,75],{"class":74},[64,96205,10098],{"class":78},[64,96207,83],{"class":82},[64,96209,86],{"class":78},[64,96211,89],{"class":82},[64,96213,86],{"class":78},[64,96215,94],{"class":82},[64,96217,8915],{"class":78},[64,96219,96220,96222,96224,96226,96228,96230],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,96221,116],{"class":70},[64,96223,148],{"class":78},[64,96225,81748],{"class":115},[64,96227,112],{"class":78},[64,96229,815],{"class":82},[64,96231,119],{"class":78},[64,96233,96234],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,96235,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,96237,96238,96240,96242,96244],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,96239,125],{"class":108},[64,96241,112],{"class":78},[64,96243,116],{"class":115},[64,96245,119],{"class":78},[20,96247,96248],{},[221,96249,384],{},[55,96251,96253],{"className":57,"code":96252,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96254,96255],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,96256,96257,96259,96261,96263,96265,96267,96269],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,96258,8884],{"class":78},[64,96260,83],{"class":82},[64,96262,86],{"class":78},[64,96264,89],{"class":82},[64,96266,86],{"class":78},[64,96268,94],{"class":82},[64,96270,8915],{"class":78},[20,96272,96273,96274,96276],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96275,815],{}," was already present.",[50,96278,96280,10193,96282],{"id":96279},"add-vs-update",[15,96281,95848],{},[15,96283,14570],{},[20,96285,1923,96286,96288,96289,148],{},[15,96287,95848],{}," when you want to add ",[221,96290,52295],{},[55,96292,96294],{"className":57,"code":96293,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96295,96296,96320,96338,96342],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,96297,96298,96300,96302,96304,96306,96308,96310,96312,96314,96316,96318],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,96299,35720],{"class":70},[64,96301,75],{"class":74},[64,96303,10098],{"class":78},[64,96305,2686],{"class":320},[64,96307,285],{"class":329},[64,96309,2686],{"class":320},[64,96311,86],{"class":78},[64,96313,3184],{"class":320},[64,96315,1269],{"class":329},[64,96317,2686],{"class":320},[64,96319,8915],{"class":78},[64,96321,96322,96324,96326,96328,96330,96332,96334,96336],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,96323,35773],{"class":70},[64,96325,148],{"class":78},[64,96327,81748],{"class":115},[64,96329,112],{"class":78},[64,96331,2686],{"class":320},[64,96333,9346],{"class":329},[64,96335,2686],{"class":320},[64,96337,119],{"class":78},[64,96339,96340],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,96341,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,96343,96344,96346,96348,96350],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,96345,125],{"class":108},[64,96347,112],{"class":78},[64,96349,35773],{"class":115},[64,96351,119],{"class":78},[20,96353,1923,96354,96288,96356,96359],{},[15,96355,14570],{},[221,96357,96358],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[55,96361,96363],{"className":57,"code":96362,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96364,96365,96389,96423,96427],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,96366,96367,96369,96371,96373,96375,96377,96379,96381,96383,96385,96387],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,96368,35720],{"class":70},[64,96370,75],{"class":74},[64,96372,10098],{"class":78},[64,96374,2686],{"class":320},[64,96376,285],{"class":329},[64,96378,2686],{"class":320},[64,96380,86],{"class":78},[64,96382,3184],{"class":320},[64,96384,1269],{"class":329},[64,96386,2686],{"class":320},[64,96388,8915],{"class":78},[64,96390,96391,96393,96395,96397,96399,96401,96403,96405,96407,96409,96411,96413,96415,96417,96419,96421],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,96392,35773],{"class":70},[64,96394,148],{"class":78},[64,96396,30089],{"class":115},[64,96398,354],{"class":78},[64,96400,2686],{"class":320},[64,96402,9346],{"class":329},[64,96404,2686],{"class":320},[64,96406,86],{"class":78},[64,96408,3184],{"class":320},[64,96410,18387],{"class":329},[64,96412,2686],{"class":320},[64,96414,86],{"class":78},[64,96416,3184],{"class":320},[64,96418,60088],{"class":329},[64,96420,2686],{"class":320},[64,96422,381],{"class":78},[64,96424,96425],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,96426,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,96428,96429,96431,96433,96435],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,96430,125],{"class":108},[64,96432,112],{"class":78},[64,96434,35773],{"class":115},[64,96436,119],{"class":78},[428,96438,96440],{"id":96439},"key-difference","Key difference",[30,96442,96443,96448],{},[33,96444,96445,96447],{},[15,96446,95848],{}," adds one item",[33,96449,96450,96452],{},[15,96451,14570],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96454,96455,96456,148],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[285,96457,96459,96460,10349],{"href":96458},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96461,14570],{},[50,96463,17037],{"id":17036},[20,96465,96466,44,96468,148],{},[15,96467,95853],{},[15,96469,258],{},[20,96471,96472,96473,96475],{},"That means you should ",[221,96474,1138],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[428,96477,96479],{"id":96478},"correct","Correct",[55,96481,96483],{"className":57,"code":96482,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96484,96485,96505,96519,96523],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,96486,96487,96489,96491,96493,96495,96497,96499,96501,96503],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,96488,15245],{"class":70},[64,96490,75],{"class":74},[64,96492,10098],{"class":78},[64,96494,83],{"class":82},[64,96496,86],{"class":78},[64,96498,89],{"class":82},[64,96500,86],{"class":78},[64,96502,94],{"class":82},[64,96504,8915],{"class":78},[64,96506,96507,96509,96511,96513,96515,96517],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,96508,15283],{"class":70},[64,96510,148],{"class":78},[64,96512,81748],{"class":115},[64,96514,112],{"class":78},[64,96516,2334],{"class":82},[64,96518,119],{"class":78},[64,96520,96521],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,96522,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,96524,96525,96527,96529,96531],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,96526,125],{"class":108},[64,96528,112],{"class":78},[64,96530,15283],{"class":115},[64,96532,119],{"class":78},[428,96534,96535],{"id":61410},"Wrong",[55,96537,96539],{"className":57,"code":96538,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96540,96541,96561,96580,96584],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,96542,96543,96545,96547,96549,96551,96553,96555,96557,96559],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,96544,15245],{"class":70},[64,96546,75],{"class":74},[64,96548,10098],{"class":78},[64,96550,83],{"class":82},[64,96552,86],{"class":78},[64,96554,89],{"class":82},[64,96556,86],{"class":78},[64,96558,94],{"class":82},[64,96560,8915],{"class":78},[64,96562,96563,96565,96567,96570,96572,96574,96576,96578],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,96564,15245],{"class":70},[64,96566,75],{"class":74},[64,96568,96569],{"class":70}," my_set",[64,96571,148],{"class":78},[64,96573,81748],{"class":115},[64,96575,112],{"class":78},[64,96577,2334],{"class":82},[64,96579,119],{"class":78},[64,96581,96582],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,96583,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,96585,96586,96588,96590,96592],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,96587,125],{"class":108},[64,96589,112],{"class":78},[64,96591,15283],{"class":115},[64,96593,119],{"class":78},[20,96595,96596],{},[221,96597,384],{},[55,96599,96600],{"className":57,"code":11420,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,96601,96602],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,96603,96604],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,96605,11420],{"class":338},[20,96607,96608],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[50,96610,96612],{"id":96611},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96614,96615],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[30,96617,96618,96620,96622,96624],{},[33,96619,56101],{},[33,96621,56104],{},[33,96623,96028],{},[33,96625,40228],{},[20,96627,916],{},[55,96629,96631],{"className":57,"code":96630,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96632,96633,96643,96647,96661,96679,96697,96711,96715],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,96634,96635,96637,96639,96641],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,96636,7379],{"class":70},[64,96638,75],{"class":74},[64,96640,15250],{"class":357},[64,96642,8247],{"class":78},[64,96644,96645],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,96646,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,96648,96649,96651,96653,96655,96657,96659],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,96650,7410],{"class":70},[64,96652,148],{"class":78},[64,96654,81748],{"class":115},[64,96656,112],{"class":78},[64,96658,2160],{"class":82},[64,96660,119],{"class":78},[64,96662,96663,96665,96667,96669,96671,96673,96675,96677],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,96664,7410],{"class":70},[64,96666,148],{"class":78},[64,96668,81748],{"class":115},[64,96670,112],{"class":78},[64,96672,2686],{"class":320},[64,96674,330],{"class":329},[64,96676,2686],{"class":320},[64,96678,119],{"class":78},[64,96680,96681,96683,96685,96687,96689,96691,96693,96695],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,96682,7410],{"class":70},[64,96684,148],{"class":78},[64,96686,81748],{"class":115},[64,96688,5104],{"class":78},[64,96690,83],{"class":82},[64,96692,86],{"class":78},[64,96694,89],{"class":82},[64,96696,471],{"class":78},[64,96698,96699,96701,96703,96705,96707,96709],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,96700,7410],{"class":70},[64,96702,148],{"class":78},[64,96704,81748],{"class":115},[64,96706,112],{"class":78},[64,96708,47],{"class":338},[64,96710,119],{"class":78},[64,96712,96713],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,96714,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,96716,96717,96719,96721,96723],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,96718,125],{"class":108},[64,96720,112],{"class":78},[64,96722,7410],{"class":115},[64,96724,119],{"class":78},[20,96726,96727],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[30,96729,96730,96733,96736],{},[33,96731,96732],{},"Lists",[33,96734,96735],{},"Dictionaries",[33,96737,96738],{},"Sets",[20,96740,96741],{},"Example that causes an error:",[55,96743,96745],{"className":57,"code":96744,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96746,96747,96767],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,96748,96749,96751,96753,96755,96757,96759,96761,96763,96765],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,96750,7379],{"class":70},[64,96752,75],{"class":74},[64,96754,10098],{"class":78},[64,96756,83],{"class":82},[64,96758,86],{"class":78},[64,96760,89],{"class":82},[64,96762,86],{"class":78},[64,96764,94],{"class":82},[64,96766,8915],{"class":78},[64,96768,96769,96771,96773,96775,96777,96779,96781,96783],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,96770,7410],{"class":70},[64,96772,148],{"class":78},[64,96774,81748],{"class":115},[64,96776,354],{"class":78},[64,96778,2334],{"class":82},[64,96780,86],{"class":78},[64,96782,1112],{"class":82},[64,96784,381],{"class":78},[20,96786,96787],{},[221,96788,29305],{},[55,96790,96792],{"className":57,"code":96791,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,96793,96794],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,96795,96796,96798,96800,96803,96805,96807,96809,96811],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,96797,2835],{"class":357},[64,96799,160],{"class":78},[64,96801,96802],{"class":70}," unhashable ",[64,96804,3052],{"class":357},[64,96806,160],{"class":78},[64,96808,326],{"class":320},[64,96810,7695],{"class":329},[64,96812,29324],{"class":320},[20,96814,96815],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,96817,96818,96819,148],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,96820,96821],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[50,96823,2661],{"id":2660},[20,96825,14349,96826,160],{},[15,96827,95853],{},[30,96829,96830,96835,96840,96843,96850],{},[33,96831,8020,96832,96834],{},[15,96833,95848],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[33,96836,8056,96837,96839],{},[15,96838,95848],{}," to return the updated set",[33,96841,96842],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[33,96844,36835,96845,96847,96848],{},[15,96846,95853],{}," with list ",[15,96849,52291],{},[33,96851,96852],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,96854,71148],{},[55,96856,96858],{"className":57,"code":96857,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,96859,96860,96870,96884,96894,96908],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,96861,96862,96864,96866,96868],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,96863,125],{"class":108},[64,96865,112],{"class":78},[64,96867,15283],{"class":115},[64,96869,119],{"class":78},[64,96871,96872,96874,96876,96878,96880,96882],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,96873,125],{"class":108},[64,96875,112],{"class":78},[64,96877,3052],{"class":357},[64,96879,112],{"class":78},[64,96881,15283],{"class":115},[64,96883,471],{"class":78},[64,96885,96886,96888,96890,96892],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,96887,125],{"class":108},[64,96889,112],{"class":78},[64,96891,2302],{"class":115},[64,96893,119],{"class":78},[64,96895,96896,96898,96900,96902,96904,96906],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,96897,125],{"class":108},[64,96899,112],{"class":78},[64,96901,3052],{"class":357},[64,96903,112],{"class":78},[64,96905,2302],{"class":115},[64,96907,471],{"class":78},[64,96909,96910,96912,96914,96916,96918,96920],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,96911,31778],{"class":108},[64,96913,112],{"class":78},[64,96915,5882],{"class":357},[64,96917,148],{"class":78},[64,96919,81748],{"class":24372},[64,96921,119],{"class":78},[20,96923,96924,96925,96927,96928,148],{},"Also remember that ",[15,96926,95853],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[285,96929,52688],{"href":96930},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[50,96932,1651],{"id":1650},[428,96934,12317,96936,96938],{"id":96935},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,96937,95853],{}," return a new set?",[20,96940,96941,96942,148],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,96943,258],{},[428,96945,96947],{"id":96946},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,96949,96950],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[428,96952,96954],{"id":96953},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,96956,1923,96957,10701,96960,148],{},[15,96958,96959],{},"set.update()",[15,96961,95848],{},[428,96963,96965],{"id":96964},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,96967,96968,96969,148],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,96970,2835],{},[50,96972,1717],{"id":1716},[30,96974,96975,96979,96984],{},[33,96976,96977],{},[285,96978,95973],{"href":95972},[33,96980,96981],{},[285,96982,96983],{"href":95976},"How to create a set in Python",[33,96985,96986],{},[285,96987,96459,96988,10349],{"href":96458},[15,96989,14570],{},[20,96991,96992,96993,96995],{},"Once you understand ",[15,96994,95848],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1751,96997,96998],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":97000},[97001,97002,97004,97005,97006,97007,97011,97015,97016,97017,97024],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":95945,"depth":100,"text":97003},"What set.add() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":11085,"depth":100,"text":11086},{"id":96188,"depth":100,"text":96189},{"id":96279,"depth":100,"text":97008,"children":97009},"add() vs update()",[97010],{"id":96439,"depth":122,"text":96440},{"id":17036,"depth":100,"text":17037,"children":97012},[97013,97014],{"id":96478,"depth":122,"text":96479},{"id":61410,"depth":122,"text":96535},{"id":96611,"depth":100,"text":96612},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":97018},[97019,97021,97022,97023],{"id":96935,"depth":122,"text":97020},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":96946,"depth":122,"text":96947},{"id":96953,"depth":122,"text":96954},{"id":96964,"depth":122,"text":96965},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95839,"description":97025},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97032,"title":97033,"body":97034,"description":98203,"extension":1791,"meta":98204,"navigation":346,"path":98205,"seo":98206,"stem":98207,"__hash__":98208},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97035,"toc":98170},[97036,97041,97047,97054,97099,97101,97112,97117,97122,97126,97140,97145,97147,97149,97164,97166,97180,97182,97184,97249,97251,97261,97263,97281,97287,97294,97299,97373,97375,97392,97398,97403,97474,97476,97503,97520,97523,97529,97531,97538,97542,97609,97611,97626,97629,97682,97684,97692,97704,97706,97710,97715,97717,97766,97768,97776,97778,97823,97825,97835,97841,97849,97862,97868,97870,97899,97901,97919,97923,97926,97957,97959,97977,97981,98056,98058,98074,98081,98083,98088,98093,98099,98102,98106,98114,98121,98129,98131,98167],[10,97037,95845,97039,10932],{"id":97038},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97040,10931],{},[20,97042,97043,97046],{},[15,97044,97045],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97048,97049,97050,97053],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[221,97051,97052],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[55,97055,97057],{"className":57,"code":97056,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97058,97059,97079,97089],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,97060,97061,97063,97065,97067,97069,97071,97073,97075,97077],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97062,71],{"class":70},[64,97064,75],{"class":74},[64,97066,10098],{"class":78},[64,97068,83],{"class":82},[64,97070,86],{"class":78},[64,97072,89],{"class":82},[64,97074,86],{"class":78},[64,97076,94],{"class":82},[64,97078,8915],{"class":78},[64,97080,97081,97083,97085,97087],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,97082,116],{"class":70},[64,97084,148],{"class":78},[64,97086,10993],{"class":115},[64,97088,8247],{"class":78},[64,97090,97091,97093,97095,97097],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,97092,125],{"class":108},[64,97094,112],{"class":78},[64,97096,116],{"class":115},[64,97098,119],{"class":78},[20,97100,384],{},[55,97102,97104],{"className":57,"code":97103,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"set()\n",[15,97105,97106],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,97107,97108,97110],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97109,5882],{"class":357},[64,97111,8247],{"class":78},[20,97113,97114,97116],{},[15,97115,10931],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[50,97118,152,97120,155],{"id":97119},"what-setclear-does",[15,97121,97045],{},[20,97123,1808,97124,11023],{},[15,97125,10931],{},[30,97127,97128,97131,97133,97137],{},[33,97129,97130],{},"Removes every item from a set",[33,97132,95960],{},[33,97134,11034,97135],{},[15,97136,258],{},[33,97138,97139],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97141,95969,97142,71247],{},[285,97143,95973],{"href":97144},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[50,97146,1988],{"id":1987},[20,97148,54086],{},[55,97150,97152],{"className":57,"code":97151,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97153,97154],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,97155,97156,97158,97160,97162],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97157,15283],{"class":70},[64,97159,148],{"class":78},[64,97161,10993],{"class":115},[64,97163,8247],{"class":78},[20,97165,12666],{},[30,97167,97168,97171,97174,97177],{},[33,97169,97170],{},"It takes no arguments",[33,97172,97173],{},"It empties the set",[33,97175,97176],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[33,97178,97179],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[50,97181,11086],{"id":11085},[20,97183,11089],{},[55,97185,97187],{"className":57,"code":97186,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97188,97189,97221,97225,97235,97239],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,97190,97191,97193,97195,97197,97199,97201,97203,97205,97207,97209,97211,97213,97215,97217,97219],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97192,12690],{"class":70},[64,97194,75],{"class":74},[64,97196,10098],{"class":78},[64,97198,2686],{"class":320},[64,97200,12707],{"class":329},[64,97202,2686],{"class":320},[64,97204,86],{"class":78},[64,97206,3184],{"class":320},[64,97208,17074],{"class":329},[64,97210,2686],{"class":320},[64,97212,86],{"class":78},[64,97214,3184],{"class":320},[64,97216,12724],{"class":329},[64,97218,2686],{"class":320},[64,97220,8915],{"class":78},[64,97222,97223],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,97224,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,97226,97227,97229,97231,97233],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,97228,17121],{"class":70},[64,97230,148],{"class":78},[64,97232,10993],{"class":115},[64,97234,8247],{"class":78},[64,97236,97237],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,97238,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,97240,97241,97243,97245,97247],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,97242,125],{"class":108},[64,97244,112],{"class":78},[64,97246,17121],{"class":115},[64,97248,119],{"class":78},[20,97250,384],{},[55,97252,97253],{"className":57,"code":97103,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,97254,97255],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,97256,97257,97259],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97258,5882],{"class":357},[64,97260,8247],{"class":78},[20,97262,11295],{},[30,97264,97265,97270,97275],{},[33,97266,97267,97269],{},[15,97268,17121],{}," starts with three values",[33,97271,97272,11308],{},[15,97273,97274],{},"colors.clear()",[33,97276,97277,97278,97280],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97279,277],{},", which means an empty set",[50,97282,97284,97286],{"id":97283},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97285,10931],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97288,97289,896,97291,97293],{},[15,97290,10931],{},[15,97292,277],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[428,97295,8020,97297],{"id":97296},"using-clear",[15,97298,10931],{},[55,97300,97302],{"className":57,"code":97301,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97303,97304,97324,97334,97338,97348,97352,97362],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,97305,97306,97308,97310,97312,97314,97316,97318,97320,97322],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97307,7379],{"class":70},[64,97309,75],{"class":74},[64,97311,10098],{"class":78},[64,97313,83],{"class":82},[64,97315,86],{"class":78},[64,97317,89],{"class":82},[64,97319,86],{"class":78},[64,97321,94],{"class":82},[64,97323,8915],{"class":78},[64,97325,97326,97329,97331],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,97327,97328],{"class":70},"other_name ",[64,97330,75],{"class":74},[64,97332,97333],{"class":70}," items\n",[64,97335,97336],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,97337,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,97339,97340,97342,97344,97346],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,97341,7410],{"class":70},[64,97343,148],{"class":78},[64,97345,10993],{"class":115},[64,97347,8247],{"class":78},[64,97349,97350],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,97351,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,97353,97354,97356,97358,97360],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,97355,125],{"class":108},[64,97357,112],{"class":78},[64,97359,7410],{"class":115},[64,97361,119],{"class":78},[64,97363,97364,97366,97368,97371],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,97365,125],{"class":108},[64,97367,112],{"class":78},[64,97369,97370],{"class":115},"other_name",[64,97372,119],{"class":78},[20,97374,384],{},[55,97376,97378],{"className":57,"code":97377,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97379,97380,97386],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,97381,97382,97384],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97383,5882],{"class":357},[64,97385,8247],{"class":78},[64,97387,97388,97390],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,97389,5882],{"class":357},[64,97391,8247],{"class":78},[20,97393,97394,97395,148],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[221,97396,97397],{},"same set object",[428,97399,8020,97401],{"id":97400},"using-set",[15,97402,277],{},[55,97404,97406],{"className":57,"code":97405,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97407,97408,97428,97436,97440,97450,97454,97464],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,97409,97410,97412,97414,97416,97418,97420,97422,97424,97426],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97411,7379],{"class":70},[64,97413,75],{"class":74},[64,97415,10098],{"class":78},[64,97417,83],{"class":82},[64,97419,86],{"class":78},[64,97421,89],{"class":82},[64,97423,86],{"class":78},[64,97425,94],{"class":82},[64,97427,8915],{"class":78},[64,97429,97430,97432,97434],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,97431,97328],{"class":70},[64,97433,75],{"class":74},[64,97435,97333],{"class":70},[64,97437,97438],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,97439,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,97441,97442,97444,97446,97448],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,97443,7379],{"class":70},[64,97445,75],{"class":74},[64,97447,15250],{"class":357},[64,97449,8247],{"class":78},[64,97451,97452],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,97453,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,97455,97456,97458,97460,97462],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,97457,125],{"class":108},[64,97459,112],{"class":78},[64,97461,7410],{"class":115},[64,97463,119],{"class":78},[64,97465,97466,97468,97470,97472],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,97467,125],{"class":108},[64,97469,112],{"class":78},[64,97471,97370],{"class":115},[64,97473,119],{"class":78},[20,97475,384],{},[55,97477,97479],{"className":57,"code":97478,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97480,97481,97487],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,97482,97483,97485],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97484,5882],{"class":357},[64,97486,8247],{"class":78},[64,97488,97489,97491,97493,97495,97497,97499,97501],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,97490,8884],{"class":78},[64,97492,83],{"class":82},[64,97494,86],{"class":78},[64,97496,89],{"class":82},[64,97498,86],{"class":78},[64,97500,94],{"class":82},[64,97502,8915],{"class":78},[20,97504,20391,97505,92737,97508,97511,97512,148,97514,97516,97517,97519],{},[15,97506,97507],{},"items = set()",[221,97509,97510],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97513,7410],{},[9453,97515],{},"\nBut ",[15,97518,97370],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97521,97522],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97524,97525,97526,148],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[285,97527,95977],{"href":97528},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[50,97530,17037],{"id":17036},[20,97532,97533,13669,97535,97537],{},[15,97534,10931],{},[221,97536,1138],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97539,1661,97540,148],{},[15,97541,258],{},[55,97543,97545],{"className":57,"code":97544,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97546,97547,97567,97571,97585,97589,97599],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,97548,97549,97551,97553,97555,97557,97559,97561,97563,97565],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97550,71],{"class":70},[64,97552,75],{"class":74},[64,97554,10098],{"class":78},[64,97556,83],{"class":82},[64,97558,86],{"class":78},[64,97560,89],{"class":82},[64,97562,86],{"class":78},[64,97564,94],{"class":82},[64,97566,8915],{"class":78},[64,97568,97569],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,97570,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,97572,97573,97575,97577,97579,97581,97583],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,97574,103],{"class":70},[64,97576,75],{"class":74},[64,97578,762],{"class":70},[64,97580,148],{"class":78},[64,97582,10993],{"class":115},[64,97584,8247],{"class":78},[64,97586,97587],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,97588,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,97590,97591,97593,97595,97597],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,97592,125],{"class":108},[64,97594,112],{"class":78},[64,97596,130],{"class":115},[64,97598,119],{"class":78},[64,97600,97601,97603,97605,97607],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,97602,125],{"class":108},[64,97604,112],{"class":78},[64,97606,116],{"class":115},[64,97608,119],{"class":78},[20,97610,384],{},[55,97612,97614],{"className":57,"code":97613,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"None\nset()\n",[15,97615,97616,97620],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,97617,97618],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97619,11420],{"class":338},[64,97621,97622,97624],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,97623,5882],{"class":357},[64,97625,8247],{"class":78},[20,97627,97628],{},"Do not do this:",[55,97630,97632],{"className":57,"code":97631,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97633,97634,97654,97668,97672],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,97635,97636,97638,97640,97642,97644,97646,97648,97650,97652],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97637,71],{"class":70},[64,97639,75],{"class":74},[64,97641,10098],{"class":78},[64,97643,83],{"class":82},[64,97645,86],{"class":78},[64,97647,89],{"class":82},[64,97649,86],{"class":78},[64,97651,94],{"class":82},[64,97653,8915],{"class":78},[64,97655,97656,97658,97660,97662,97664,97666],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,97657,71],{"class":70},[64,97659,75],{"class":74},[64,97661,762],{"class":70},[64,97663,148],{"class":78},[64,97665,10993],{"class":115},[64,97667,8247],{"class":78},[64,97669,97670],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,97671,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,97673,97674,97676,97678,97680],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,97675,125],{"class":108},[64,97677,112],{"class":78},[64,97679,116],{"class":115},[64,97681,119],{"class":78},[20,97683,384],{},[55,97685,97686],{"className":57,"code":11420,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,97687,97688],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,97689,97690],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97691,11420],{"class":338},[20,97693,21810,97694,44,97696,97698,97699,97701,97702,148],{},[15,97695,54199],{},[15,97697,258],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97700,258],{}," back to ",[15,97703,116],{},[50,97705,1023],{"id":1022},[20,97707,10356,97708,148],{},[15,97709,97045],{},[428,97711,12207,97713],{"id":97712},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97714,10931],{},[20,97716,16261],{},[55,97718,97720],{"className":57,"code":97719,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97721,97722,97742,97756],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,97723,97724,97726,97728,97730,97732,97734,97736,97738,97740],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97725,15245],{"class":70},[64,97727,75],{"class":74},[64,97729,10098],{"class":78},[64,97731,83],{"class":82},[64,97733,86],{"class":78},[64,97735,89],{"class":82},[64,97737,86],{"class":78},[64,97739,94],{"class":82},[64,97741,8915],{"class":78},[64,97743,97744,97746,97748,97750,97752,97754],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,97745,15245],{"class":70},[64,97747,75],{"class":74},[64,97749,96569],{"class":70},[64,97751,148],{"class":78},[64,97753,10993],{"class":115},[64,97755,8247],{"class":78},[64,97757,97758,97760,97762,97764],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,97759,125],{"class":108},[64,97761,112],{"class":78},[64,97763,15283],{"class":115},[64,97765,119],{"class":78},[20,97767,384],{},[55,97769,97770],{"className":57,"code":11420,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,97771,97772],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,97773,97774],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97775,11420],{"class":338},[20,97777,16273],{},[55,97779,97781],{"className":57,"code":97780,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97782,97783,97803,97813],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,97784,97785,97787,97789,97791,97793,97795,97797,97799,97801],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97786,15245],{"class":70},[64,97788,75],{"class":74},[64,97790,10098],{"class":78},[64,97792,83],{"class":82},[64,97794,86],{"class":78},[64,97796,89],{"class":82},[64,97798,86],{"class":78},[64,97800,94],{"class":82},[64,97802,8915],{"class":78},[64,97804,97805,97807,97809,97811],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,97806,15283],{"class":70},[64,97808,148],{"class":78},[64,97810,10993],{"class":115},[64,97812,8247],{"class":78},[64,97814,97815,97817,97819,97821],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,97816,125],{"class":108},[64,97818,112],{"class":78},[64,97820,15283],{"class":115},[64,97822,119],{"class":78},[20,97824,384],{},[55,97826,97827],{"className":57,"code":97103,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,97828,97829],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,97830,97831,97833],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97832,5882],{"class":357},[64,97834,8247],{"class":78},[428,97836,8056,97838,97840],{"id":97837},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,97839,10931],{}," to remove only one item",[20,97842,97843,97845,97846,97848],{},[15,97844,10931],{}," removes ",[221,97847,192],{}," items from the set.",[20,97850,97851,97852,212,97857,148],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[285,97853,97855],{"href":97854},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,97856,55168],{},[285,97858,97860],{"href":97859},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,97861,12376],{},[428,97863,8020,97865,97867],{"id":97864},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,97866,272],{}," for an empty set",[20,97869,25313],{},[55,97871,97873],{"className":57,"code":97872,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,97874,97875,97884],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,97876,97877,97880,97882],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97878,97879],{"class":70},"empty_value ",[64,97881,75],{"class":74},[64,97883,9445],{"class":78},[64,97885,97886,97888,97890,97892,97894,97897],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,97887,125],{"class":108},[64,97889,112],{"class":78},[64,97891,3052],{"class":357},[64,97893,112],{"class":78},[64,97895,97896],{"class":115},"empty_value",[64,97898,471],{"class":78},[20,97900,384],{},[55,97902,97903],{"className":57,"code":8413,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,97904,97905],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,97906,97907,97909,97911,97913,97915,97917],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97908,3121],{"class":74},[64,97910,3124],{"class":1895},[64,97912,326],{"class":320},[64,97914,8426],{"class":329},[64,97916,333],{"class":320},[64,97918,3133],{"class":74},[20,97920,97921,8393],{},[15,97922,272],{},[20,97924,97925],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[55,97927,97929],{"className":57,"code":97928,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,97930,97931,97942],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,97932,97933,97936,97938,97940],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97934,97935],{"class":70},"empty_set ",[64,97937,75],{"class":74},[64,97939,15250],{"class":357},[64,97941,8247],{"class":78},[64,97943,97944,97946,97948,97950,97952,97955],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,97945,125],{"class":108},[64,97947,112],{"class":78},[64,97949,3052],{"class":357},[64,97951,112],{"class":78},[64,97953,97954],{"class":115},"empty_set",[64,97956,471],{"class":78},[20,97958,384],{},[55,97960,97961],{"className":57,"code":8457,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,97962,97963],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,97964,97965,97967,97969,97971,97973,97975],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97966,3121],{"class":74},[64,97968,3124],{"class":1895},[64,97970,326],{"class":320},[64,97972,5882],{"class":329},[64,97974,333],{"class":320},[64,97976,3133],{"class":74},[428,97978,97980],{"id":97979},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[55,97982,97984],{"className":57,"code":97983,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,97985,97986,98010,98018,98022,98032,98036,98046],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,97987,97988,97990,97992,97994,97996,97998,98000,98002,98004,98006,98008],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,97989,2384],{"class":70},[64,97991,75],{"class":74},[64,97993,10098],{"class":78},[64,97995,2686],{"class":320},[64,97997,363],{"class":329},[64,97999,2686],{"class":320},[64,98001,86],{"class":78},[64,98003,3184],{"class":320},[64,98005,11357],{"class":329},[64,98007,2686],{"class":320},[64,98009,8915],{"class":78},[64,98011,98012,98014,98016],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,98013,2412],{"class":70},[64,98015,75],{"class":74},[64,98017,35805],{"class":70},[64,98019,98020],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,98021,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,98023,98024,98026,98028,98030],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,98025,285],{"class":70},[64,98027,148],{"class":78},[64,98029,10993],{"class":115},[64,98031,8247],{"class":78},[64,98033,98034],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,98035,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,98037,98038,98040,98042,98044],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,98039,125],{"class":108},[64,98041,112],{"class":78},[64,98043,285],{"class":115},[64,98045,119],{"class":78},[64,98047,98048,98050,98052,98054],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,98049,125],{"class":108},[64,98051,112],{"class":78},[64,98053,1269],{"class":115},[64,98055,119],{"class":78},[20,98057,384],{},[55,98059,98060],{"className":57,"code":97377,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,98061,98062,98068],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,98063,98064,98066],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98065,5882],{"class":357},[64,98067,8247],{"class":78},[64,98069,98070,98072],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,98071,5882],{"class":357},[64,98073,8247],{"class":78},[20,98075,28685,98076,896,98078,98080],{},[15,98077,285],{},[15,98079,1269],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[50,98082,1651],{"id":1650},[428,98084,1655,98086,1658],{"id":98085},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98087,97045],{},[20,98089,1661,98090,98092],{},[15,98091,258],{},". It empties the set in place.",[428,98094,12317,98096,98098],{"id":98095},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98097,10931],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98100,98101],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[428,98103,98105],{"id":98104},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98107,98108,98109,98111,98112,148],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98110,10931],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98113,277],{},[428,98115,1694,98117,896,98119,1677],{"id":98116},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98118,10931],{},[15,98120,277],{},[20,98122,98123,98125,98126,98128],{},[15,98124,10931],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98127,277],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[50,98130,1717],{"id":1716},[30,98132,98133,98137,98141,98148,98154,98160],{},[33,98134,98135],{},[285,98136,95973],{"href":97144},[33,98138,98139],{},[285,98140,96983],{"href":97528},[33,98142,98143],{},[285,98144,96459,98146,10349],{"href":98145},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98147,95848],{},[33,98149,98150],{},[285,98151,96459,98152,10349],{"href":97854},[15,98153,55168],{},[33,98155,98156],{},[285,98157,96459,98158,10349],{"href":97859},[15,98159,12376],{},[33,98161,98162],{},[285,98163,96459,98165,10349],{"href":98164},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98166,14570],{},[1751,98168,98169],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":98171},[98172,98174,98175,98176,98183,98184,98193,98202],{"id":97119,"depth":100,"text":98173},"What set.clear() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":11085,"depth":100,"text":11086},{"id":97283,"depth":100,"text":98177,"children":98178},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98179,98181],{"id":97296,"depth":122,"text":98180},"Using clear()",{"id":97400,"depth":122,"text":98182},"Using set()",{"id":17036,"depth":100,"text":17037},{"id":1022,"depth":100,"text":1023,"children":98185},[98186,98188,98190,98192],{"id":97712,"depth":122,"text":98187},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97837,"depth":122,"text":98189},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97864,"depth":122,"text":98191},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":97979,"depth":122,"text":97980},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":98194},[98195,98197,98199,98200],{"id":98085,"depth":122,"text":98196},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98095,"depth":122,"text":98198},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98104,"depth":122,"text":98105},{"id":98116,"depth":122,"text":98201},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97033,"description":98203},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98210,"title":98211,"body":98212,"description":100044,"extension":1791,"meta":100045,"navigation":346,"path":95976,"seo":100046,"stem":100047,"__hash__":100048},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98213,"toc":100001},[98214,98217,98220,98223,98225,98328,98332,98379,98385,98387,98406,98410,98413,98415,98429,98438,98442,98445,98480,98484,98504,98507,98511,98514,98575,98579,98604,98611,98617,98622,98624,98636,98640,98689,98693,98717,98724,98728,98769,98773,98794,98798,98831,98835,98876,98879,98883,98888,98927,98931,98956,98961,98967,99004,99008,99031,99035,99037,99040,99043,99120,99124,99161,99164,99168,99174,99177,99187,99236,99242,99248,99275,99278,99300,99302,99333,99336,99340,99344,99383,99387,99450,99453,99486,99490,99515,99517,99520,99526,99529,99556,99559,99577,99581,99585,99588,99631,99634,99638,99641,99644,99674,99677,99681,99684,99699,99704,99708,99711,99800,99802,99805,99895,99898,99916,99918,99922,99932,99936,99944,99948,99951,99955,99958,99962,99965,99967,99995,99998],[10,98215,98211],{"id":98216},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98218,98219],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98221,98222],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[50,98224,53],{"id":52},[55,98226,98228],{"className":57,"code":98227,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98229,98230,98250,98284,98294,98298,98308,98318],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,98231,98232,98234,98236,98238,98240,98242,98244,98246,98248],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98233,71],{"class":70},[64,98235,75],{"class":74},[64,98237,10098],{"class":78},[64,98239,83],{"class":82},[64,98241,86],{"class":78},[64,98243,89],{"class":82},[64,98245,86],{"class":78},[64,98247,94],{"class":82},[64,98249,8915],{"class":78},[64,98251,98252,98254,98256,98258,98260,98262,98264,98266,98268,98270,98272,98274,98276,98278,98280,98282],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,98253,567],{"class":70},[64,98255,75],{"class":74},[64,98257,15250],{"class":357},[64,98259,354],{"class":78},[64,98261,2686],{"class":320},[64,98263,576],{"class":329},[64,98265,2686],{"class":320},[64,98267,86],{"class":78},[64,98269,3184],{"class":320},[64,98271,585],{"class":329},[64,98273,2686],{"class":320},[64,98275,86],{"class":78},[64,98277,3184],{"class":320},[64,98279,576],{"class":329},[64,98281,2686],{"class":320},[64,98283,381],{"class":78},[64,98285,98286,98288,98290,98292],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,98287,97935],{"class":70},[64,98289,75],{"class":74},[64,98291,15250],{"class":357},[64,98293,8247],{"class":78},[64,98295,98296],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,98297,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,98299,98300,98302,98304,98306],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,98301,125],{"class":108},[64,98303,112],{"class":78},[64,98305,116],{"class":115},[64,98307,119],{"class":78},[64,98309,98310,98312,98314,98316],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,98311,125],{"class":108},[64,98313,112],{"class":78},[64,98315,611],{"class":115},[64,98317,119],{"class":78},[64,98319,98320,98322,98324,98326],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,98321,125],{"class":108},[64,98323,112],{"class":78},[64,98325,97954],{"class":115},[64,98327,119],{"class":78},[20,98329,98330],{},[221,98331,384],{},[55,98333,98335],{"className":57,"code":98334,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98336,98337,98353,98373],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,98338,98339,98341,98343,98345,98347,98349,98351],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98340,8884],{"class":78},[64,98342,83],{"class":82},[64,98344,86],{"class":78},[64,98346,89],{"class":82},[64,98348,86],{"class":78},[64,98350,94],{"class":82},[64,98352,8915],{"class":78},[64,98354,98355,98357,98359,98361,98363,98365,98367,98369,98371],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,98356,8884],{"class":78},[64,98358,333],{"class":320},[64,98360,585],{"class":329},[64,98362,333],{"class":320},[64,98364,86],{"class":78},[64,98366,326],{"class":320},[64,98368,576],{"class":329},[64,98370,333],{"class":320},[64,98372,8915],{"class":78},[64,98374,98375,98377],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,98376,5882],{"class":357},[64,98378,8247],{"class":78},[20,98380,98381,98382,98384],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98383,277],{}," for an empty set.",[50,98386,14779],{"id":14778},[30,98388,98389,98392,98397,98400,98403],{},[33,98390,98391],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[33,98393,98394,98395],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98396,277],{},[33,98398,98399],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[33,98401,98402],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[33,98404,98405],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[50,98407,98409],{"id":98408},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98411,98412],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98414,30165],{},[30,98416,98417,98420,98423,98426],{},[33,98418,98419],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[33,98421,98422],{},"Sets are unordered",[33,98424,98425],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[33,98427,98428],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98430,98431,98432,212,98434,148],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[285,98433,95973],{"href":97144},[285,98435,98437],{"href":98436},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[50,98439,98441],{"id":98440},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98443,98444],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[55,98446,98448],{"className":57,"code":98447,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98449,98450,98470],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,98451,98452,98454,98456,98458,98460,98462,98464,98466,98468],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98453,71],{"class":70},[64,98455,75],{"class":74},[64,98457,10098],{"class":78},[64,98459,83],{"class":82},[64,98461,86],{"class":78},[64,98463,89],{"class":82},[64,98465,86],{"class":78},[64,98467,94],{"class":82},[64,98469,8915],{"class":78},[64,98471,98472,98474,98476,98478],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,98473,125],{"class":108},[64,98475,112],{"class":78},[64,98477,116],{"class":115},[64,98479,119],{"class":78},[20,98481,98482],{},[221,98483,29654],{},[55,98485,98486],{"className":57,"code":96252,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,98487,98488],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,98489,98490,98492,98494,98496,98498,98500,98502],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98491,8884],{"class":78},[64,98493,83],{"class":82},[64,98495,86],{"class":78},[64,98497,89],{"class":82},[64,98499,86],{"class":78},[64,98501,94],{"class":82},[64,98503,8915],{"class":78},[20,98505,98506],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[428,98508,98510],{"id":98509},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98512,98513],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[55,98515,98517],{"className":57,"code":98516,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98518,98519,98551,98561],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,98520,98521,98523,98525,98527,98529,98531,98533,98535,98537,98539,98541,98543,98545,98547,98549],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98522,71],{"class":70},[64,98524,75],{"class":74},[64,98526,10098],{"class":78},[64,98528,83],{"class":82},[64,98530,86],{"class":78},[64,98532,89],{"class":82},[64,98534,86],{"class":78},[64,98536,89],{"class":82},[64,98538,86],{"class":78},[64,98540,94],{"class":82},[64,98542,86],{"class":78},[64,98544,94],{"class":82},[64,98546,86],{"class":78},[64,98548,94],{"class":82},[64,98550,8915],{"class":78},[64,98552,98553,98555,98557,98559],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,98554,125],{"class":108},[64,98556,112],{"class":78},[64,98558,116],{"class":115},[64,98560,119],{"class":78},[64,98562,98563,98565,98567,98569,98571,98573],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,98564,125],{"class":108},[64,98566,112],{"class":78},[64,98568,10771],{"class":108},[64,98570,112],{"class":78},[64,98572,116],{"class":115},[64,98574,471],{"class":78},[20,98576,98577],{},[221,98578,29654],{},[55,98580,98582],{"className":57,"code":98581,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98583,98584,98600],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,98585,98586,98588,98590,98592,98594,98596,98598],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98587,8884],{"class":78},[64,98589,83],{"class":82},[64,98591,86],{"class":78},[64,98593,89],{"class":82},[64,98595,86],{"class":78},[64,98597,94],{"class":82},[64,98599,8915],{"class":78},[64,98601,98602],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,98603,46253],{"class":82},[20,98605,20598,98606,896,98608,98610],{},[15,98607,815],{},[15,98609,1892],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[50,98612,98614,98615],{"id":98613},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98616,277],{},[20,98618,1923,98619,98621],{},[15,98620,277],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98623,5050],{},[30,98625,98626,98628,98630,98632],{},[33,98627,96732],{},[33,98629,96028],{},[33,98631,56104],{},[33,98633,98634],{},[15,98635,35828],{},[428,98637,98639],{"id":98638},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[55,98641,98643],{"className":57,"code":98642,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98644,98645,98679],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,98646,98647,98649,98651,98653,98655,98657,98659,98661,98663,98665,98667,98669,98671,98673,98675,98677],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98648,71],{"class":70},[64,98650,75],{"class":74},[64,98652,15250],{"class":357},[64,98654,354],{"class":78},[64,98656,83],{"class":82},[64,98658,86],{"class":78},[64,98660,89],{"class":82},[64,98662,86],{"class":78},[64,98664,89],{"class":82},[64,98666,86],{"class":78},[64,98668,94],{"class":82},[64,98670,86],{"class":78},[64,98672,94],{"class":82},[64,98674,86],{"class":78},[64,98676,2286],{"class":82},[64,98678,381],{"class":78},[64,98680,98681,98683,98685,98687],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,98682,125],{"class":108},[64,98684,112],{"class":78},[64,98686,116],{"class":115},[64,98688,119],{"class":78},[20,98690,98691],{},[221,98692,29654],{},[55,98694,98695],{"className":57,"code":95915,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,98696,98697],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,98698,98699,98701,98703,98705,98707,98709,98711,98713,98715],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98700,8884],{"class":78},[64,98702,83],{"class":82},[64,98704,86],{"class":78},[64,98706,89],{"class":82},[64,98708,86],{"class":78},[64,98710,94],{"class":82},[64,98712,86],{"class":78},[64,98714,2286],{"class":82},[64,98716,8915],{"class":78},[20,98718,98719,98720,148],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[285,98721,98723],{"href":98722},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[428,98725,98727],{"id":98726},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[55,98729,98731],{"className":57,"code":98730,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98732,98733,98759],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,98734,98735,98737,98739,98741,98743,98745,98747,98749,98751,98753,98755,98757],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98736,304],{"class":70},[64,98738,75],{"class":74},[64,98740,15250],{"class":357},[64,98742,5104],{"class":78},[64,98744,2160],{"class":82},[64,98746,86],{"class":78},[64,98748,7390],{"class":82},[64,98750,86],{"class":78},[64,98752,7390],{"class":82},[64,98754,86],{"class":78},[64,98756,7395],{"class":82},[64,98758,471],{"class":78},[64,98760,98761,98763,98765,98767],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,98762,125],{"class":108},[64,98764,112],{"class":78},[64,98766,4951],{"class":115},[64,98768,119],{"class":78},[20,98770,98771],{},[221,98772,29654],{},[55,98774,98776],{"className":57,"code":98775,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98777,98778],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,98779,98780,98782,98784,98786,98788,98790,98792],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98781,8884],{"class":78},[64,98783,2160],{"class":82},[64,98785,86],{"class":78},[64,98787,7390],{"class":82},[64,98789,86],{"class":78},[64,98791,7395],{"class":82},[64,98793,8915],{"class":78},[428,98795,98797],{"id":98796},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[55,98799,98801],{"className":57,"code":98800,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98802,98803,98821],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,98804,98805,98807,98809,98811,98813,98815,98817,98819],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98806,35720],{"class":70},[64,98808,75],{"class":74},[64,98810,15250],{"class":357},[64,98812,112],{"class":78},[64,98814,2686],{"class":320},[64,98816,330],{"class":329},[64,98818,2686],{"class":320},[64,98820,119],{"class":78},[64,98822,98823,98825,98827,98829],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,98824,125],{"class":108},[64,98826,112],{"class":78},[64,98828,35773],{"class":115},[64,98830,119],{"class":78},[20,98832,98833],{},[221,98834,29654],{},[55,98836,98838],{"className":57,"code":98837,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,98839,98840],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,98841,98842,98844,98846,98848,98850,98852,98854,98856,98858,98860,98862,98864,98866,98868,98870,98872,98874],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98843,8884],{"class":78},[64,98845,333],{"class":320},[64,98847,60079],{"class":329},[64,98849,333],{"class":320},[64,98851,86],{"class":78},[64,98853,326],{"class":320},[64,98855,60088],{"class":329},[64,98857,333],{"class":320},[64,98859,86],{"class":78},[64,98861,326],{"class":320},[64,98863,60097],{"class":329},[64,98865,333],{"class":320},[64,98867,86],{"class":78},[64,98869,326],{"class":320},[64,98871,60114],{"class":329},[64,98873,333],{"class":320},[64,98875,8915],{"class":78},[20,98877,98878],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[50,98880,98882],{"id":98881},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,98884,98885,98886,148],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,98887,277],{},[55,98889,98891],{"className":57,"code":98890,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98892,98893,98903,98913],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,98894,98895,98897,98899,98901],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98896,97935],{"class":70},[64,98898,75],{"class":74},[64,98900,15250],{"class":357},[64,98902,8247],{"class":78},[64,98904,98905,98907,98909,98911],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,98906,125],{"class":108},[64,98908,112],{"class":78},[64,98910,97954],{"class":115},[64,98912,119],{"class":78},[64,98914,98915,98917,98919,98921,98923,98925],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,98916,125],{"class":108},[64,98918,112],{"class":78},[64,98920,3052],{"class":357},[64,98922,112],{"class":78},[64,98924,97954],{"class":115},[64,98926,471],{"class":78},[20,98928,98929],{},[221,98930,384],{},[55,98932,98934],{"className":57,"code":98933,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,98935,98936,98942],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,98937,98938,98940],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98939,5882],{"class":357},[64,98941,8247],{"class":78},[64,98943,98944,98946,98948,98950,98952,98954],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,98945,3121],{"class":74},[64,98947,3124],{"class":1895},[64,98949,326],{"class":320},[64,98951,5882],{"class":329},[64,98953,333],{"class":320},[64,98955,3133],{"class":74},[428,98957,44064,98959],{"id":98958},"do-not-use",[15,98960,272],{},[20,98962,98963,98964,98966],{},"Empty braces do ",[221,98965,1138],{}," create a set.",[55,98968,98970],{"className":57,"code":98969,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98971,98972,98980,98990],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,98973,98974,98976,98978],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,98975,97879],{"class":70},[64,98977,75],{"class":74},[64,98979,9445],{"class":78},[64,98981,98982,98984,98986,98988],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,98983,125],{"class":108},[64,98985,112],{"class":78},[64,98987,97896],{"class":115},[64,98989,119],{"class":78},[64,98991,98992,98994,98996,98998,99000,99002],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,98993,125],{"class":108},[64,98995,112],{"class":78},[64,98997,3052],{"class":357},[64,98999,112],{"class":78},[64,99001,97896],{"class":115},[64,99003,471],{"class":78},[20,99005,99006],{},[221,99007,384],{},[55,99009,99011],{"className":57,"code":99010,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99012,99013,99017],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,99014,99015],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99016,9041],{"class":78},[64,99018,99019,99021,99023,99025,99027,99029],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,99020,3121],{"class":74},[64,99022,3124],{"class":1895},[64,99024,326],{"class":320},[64,99026,8426],{"class":329},[64,99028,333],{"class":320},[64,99030,3133],{"class":74},[20,99032,99033,8393],{},[15,99034,272],{},[50,99036,71911],{"id":71910},[20,99038,99039],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99041,99042],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[55,99044,99046],{"className":57,"code":99045,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99047,99048,99096,99106],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,99049,99050,99052,99054,99056,99058,99060,99062,99064,99066,99068,99070,99072,99074,99076,99078,99080,99082,99084,99086,99088,99090,99092,99094],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99051,567],{"class":70},[64,99053,75],{"class":74},[64,99055,10098],{"class":78},[64,99057,2686],{"class":320},[64,99059,576],{"class":329},[64,99061,2686],{"class":320},[64,99063,86],{"class":78},[64,99065,3184],{"class":320},[64,99067,585],{"class":329},[64,99069,2686],{"class":320},[64,99071,86],{"class":78},[64,99073,3184],{"class":320},[64,99075,576],{"class":329},[64,99077,2686],{"class":320},[64,99079,86],{"class":78},[64,99081,3184],{"class":320},[64,99083,576],{"class":329},[64,99085,2686],{"class":320},[64,99087,86],{"class":78},[64,99089,3184],{"class":320},[64,99091,32847],{"class":329},[64,99093,2686],{"class":320},[64,99095,8915],{"class":78},[64,99097,99098,99100,99102,99104],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,99099,125],{"class":108},[64,99101,112],{"class":78},[64,99103,611],{"class":115},[64,99105,119],{"class":78},[64,99107,99108,99110,99112,99114,99116,99118],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,99109,125],{"class":108},[64,99111,112],{"class":78},[64,99113,10771],{"class":108},[64,99115,112],{"class":78},[64,99117,611],{"class":115},[64,99119,471],{"class":78},[20,99121,99122],{},[221,99123,29654],{},[55,99125,99127],{"className":57,"code":99126,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99128,99129,99157],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,99130,99131,99133,99135,99137,99139,99141,99143,99145,99147,99149,99151,99153,99155],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99132,8884],{"class":78},[64,99134,333],{"class":320},[64,99136,585],{"class":329},[64,99138,333],{"class":320},[64,99140,86],{"class":78},[64,99142,326],{"class":320},[64,99144,32847],{"class":329},[64,99146,333],{"class":320},[64,99148,86],{"class":78},[64,99150,326],{"class":320},[64,99152,576],{"class":329},[64,99154,333],{"class":320},[64,99156,8915],{"class":78},[64,99158,99159],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,99160,46253],{"class":82},[20,99162,99163],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[50,99165,99167],{"id":99166},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99169,99170,99171,99173],{},"Set items must be ",[221,99172,96016],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99175,99176],{},"These usually work:",[30,99178,99179,99181,99183,99185],{},[33,99180,56101],{},[33,99182,56104],{},[33,99184,96028],{},[33,99186,40228],{},[55,99188,99190],{"className":57,"code":99189,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99191,99192,99226],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,99193,99194,99196,99198,99200,99202,99204,99206,99208,99210,99212,99214,99216,99218,99220,99222,99224],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99195,304],{"class":70},[64,99197,75],{"class":74},[64,99199,10098],{"class":78},[64,99201,83],{"class":82},[64,99203,86],{"class":78},[64,99205,3184],{"class":320},[64,99207,576],{"class":329},[64,99209,2686],{"class":320},[64,99211,86],{"class":78},[64,99213,8842],{"class":78},[64,99215,2160],{"class":82},[64,99217,86],{"class":78},[64,99219,7390],{"class":82},[64,99221,8839],{"class":78},[64,99223,410],{"class":338},[64,99225,8915],{"class":78},[64,99227,99228,99230,99232,99234],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,99229,125],{"class":108},[64,99231,112],{"class":78},[64,99233,4951],{"class":115},[64,99235,119],{"class":78},[20,99237,99238,99239,99241],{},"These do ",[221,99240,1138],{}," work directly:",[30,99243,99244,99246],{},[33,99245,96732],{},[33,99247,96735],{},[55,99249,99251],{"className":57,"code":99250,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99252,99253],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,99254,99255,99258,99260,99263,99265,99267,99269,99271,99273],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99256,99257],{"class":70},"bad_set ",[64,99259,75],{"class":74},[64,99261,99262],{"class":78}," {[",[64,99264,83],{"class":82},[64,99266,86],{"class":78},[64,99268,89],{"class":82},[64,99270,86],{"class":78},[64,99272,94],{"class":82},[64,99274,13321],{"class":78},[20,99276,99277],{},"This raises an error:",[55,99279,99280],{"className":57,"code":96791,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,99281,99282],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,99283,99284,99286,99288,99290,99292,99294,99296,99298],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99285,2835],{"class":357},[64,99287,160],{"class":78},[64,99289,96802],{"class":70},[64,99291,3052],{"class":357},[64,99293,160],{"class":78},[64,99295,326],{"class":320},[64,99297,7695],{"class":329},[64,99299,29324],{"class":320},[20,99301,51718],{},[55,99303,99305],{"className":57,"code":99304,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99306,99307],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,99308,99309,99311,99313,99316,99318,99320,99322,99324,99326,99328,99330],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99310,99257],{"class":70},[64,99312,75],{"class":74},[64,99314,99315],{"class":78}," {{",[64,99317,2686],{"class":320},[64,99319,7267],{"class":329},[64,99321,2686],{"class":320},[64,99323,160],{"class":78},[64,99325,3184],{"class":320},[64,99327,7276],{"class":329},[64,99329,2686],{"class":320},[64,99331,99332],{"class":78},"}}\n",[20,99334,99335],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[50,99337,99339],{"id":99338},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[428,99341,99343],{"id":99342},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[55,99345,99347],{"className":57,"code":99346,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99348,99349,99373],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,99350,99351,99353,99355,99357,99359,99361,99363,99365,99367,99369,99371],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99352,71],{"class":70},[64,99354,75],{"class":74},[64,99356,10098],{"class":78},[64,99358,83],{"class":82},[64,99360,86],{"class":78},[64,99362,89],{"class":82},[64,99364,86],{"class":78},[64,99366,94],{"class":82},[64,99368,86],{"class":78},[64,99370,2286],{"class":82},[64,99372,8915],{"class":78},[64,99374,99375,99377,99379,99381],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,99376,125],{"class":108},[64,99378,112],{"class":78},[64,99380,116],{"class":115},[64,99382,119],{"class":78},[428,99384,99386],{"id":99385},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[55,99388,99390],{"className":57,"code":99389,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99391,99392,99420,99435,99439],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,99393,99394,99396,99398,99400,99402,99404,99406,99408,99410,99412,99414,99416,99418],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99395,7379],{"class":70},[64,99397,75],{"class":74},[64,99399,79],{"class":78},[64,99401,83],{"class":82},[64,99403,86],{"class":78},[64,99405,5091],{"class":82},[64,99407,86],{"class":78},[64,99409,89],{"class":82},[64,99411,86],{"class":78},[64,99413,94],{"class":82},[64,99415,86],{"class":78},[64,99417,94],{"class":82},[64,99419,97],{"class":78},[64,99421,99422,99425,99427,99429,99431,99433],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,99423,99424],{"class":70},"unique_items ",[64,99426,75],{"class":74},[64,99428,15250],{"class":357},[64,99430,112],{"class":78},[64,99432,7410],{"class":115},[64,99434,119],{"class":78},[64,99436,99437],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,99438,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,99440,99441,99443,99445,99448],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,99442,125],{"class":108},[64,99444,112],{"class":78},[64,99446,99447],{"class":115},"unique_items",[64,99449,119],{"class":78},[428,99451,98797],{"id":99452},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[55,99454,99456],{"className":57,"code":99455,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99457,99458,99476],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,99459,99460,99462,99464,99466,99468,99470,99472,99474],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99461,35720],{"class":70},[64,99463,75],{"class":74},[64,99465,15250],{"class":357},[64,99467,112],{"class":78},[64,99469,2686],{"class":320},[64,99471,585],{"class":329},[64,99473,2686],{"class":320},[64,99475,119],{"class":78},[64,99477,99478,99480,99482,99484],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,99479,125],{"class":108},[64,99481,112],{"class":78},[64,99483,35773],{"class":115},[64,99485,119],{"class":78},[428,99487,99489],{"id":99488},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[55,99491,99493],{"className":57,"code":99492,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99494,99495,99505],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,99496,99497,99499,99501,99503],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99498,97935],{"class":70},[64,99500,75],{"class":74},[64,99502,15250],{"class":357},[64,99504,8247],{"class":78},[64,99506,99507,99509,99511,99513],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,99508,125],{"class":108},[64,99510,112],{"class":78},[64,99512,97954],{"class":115},[64,99514,119],{"class":78},[50,99516,2661],{"id":2660},[20,99518,99519],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[428,99521,8020,99523,99525],{"id":99522},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99524,272],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99527,99528],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[55,99530,99532],{"className":57,"code":99531,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99533,99534,99542],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,99535,99536,99538,99540],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99537,2276],{"class":70},[64,99539,75],{"class":74},[64,99541,9445],{"class":78},[64,99543,99544,99546,99548,99550,99552,99554],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,99545,125],{"class":108},[64,99547,112],{"class":78},[64,99549,3052],{"class":357},[64,99551,112],{"class":78},[64,99553,2302],{"class":115},[64,99555,471],{"class":78},[20,99557,99558],{},"This prints:",[55,99560,99561],{"className":57,"code":8413,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,99562,99563],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,99564,99565,99567,99569,99571,99573,99575],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99566,3121],{"class":74},[64,99568,3124],{"class":1895},[64,99570,326],{"class":320},[64,99572,8426],{"class":329},[64,99574,333],{"class":320},[64,99576,3133],{"class":74},[20,99578,1923,99579,6228],{},[15,99580,277],{},[428,99582,99584],{"id":99583},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99586,99587],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[55,99589,99591],{"className":57,"code":99590,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99592,99593,99621],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,99594,99595,99597,99599,99601,99603,99605,99607,99609,99611,99613,99615,99617,99619],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99596,71],{"class":70},[64,99598,75],{"class":74},[64,99600,10098],{"class":78},[64,99602,83],{"class":82},[64,99604,86],{"class":78},[64,99606,5091],{"class":82},[64,99608,86],{"class":78},[64,99610,89],{"class":82},[64,99612,86],{"class":78},[64,99614,89],{"class":82},[64,99616,86],{"class":78},[64,99618,94],{"class":82},[64,99620,8915],{"class":78},[64,99622,99623,99625,99627,99629],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,99624,125],{"class":108},[64,99626,112],{"class":78},[64,99628,116],{"class":115},[64,99630,119],{"class":78},[20,99632,99633],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[428,99635,99637],{"id":99636},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99639,99640],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99642,99643],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[55,99645,99647],{"className":57,"code":99646,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99648,99649,99669],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,99650,99651,99653,99655,99657,99659,99661,99663,99665,99667],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99652,71],{"class":70},[64,99654,75],{"class":74},[64,99656,10098],{"class":78},[64,99658,2160],{"class":82},[64,99660,86],{"class":78},[64,99662,7390],{"class":82},[64,99664,86],{"class":78},[64,99666,7395],{"class":82},[64,99668,8915],{"class":78},[64,99670,99671],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,99672,99673],{"class":136},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99675,99676],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[428,99678,99680],{"id":99679},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99682,99683],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[55,99685,99687],{"className":57,"code":99686,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99688,99689,99694],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,99690,99691],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99692,99693],{"class":136},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[64,99695,99696],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,99697,99698],{"class":136},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99700,99701,99702,148],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99703,2835],{},[428,99705,99707],{"id":99706},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99709,99710],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[55,99712,99714],{"className":57,"code":99713,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99715,99716,99736,99768,99772,99786],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,99717,99718,99720,99722,99724,99726,99728,99730,99732,99734],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99719,15245],{"class":70},[64,99721,75],{"class":74},[64,99723,10098],{"class":78},[64,99725,83],{"class":82},[64,99727,86],{"class":78},[64,99729,89],{"class":82},[64,99731,86],{"class":78},[64,99733,94],{"class":82},[64,99735,8915],{"class":78},[64,99737,99738,99740,99742,99744,99746,99748,99750,99752,99754,99756,99758,99760,99762,99764,99766],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,99739,11336],{"class":70},[64,99741,75],{"class":74},[64,99743,10098],{"class":78},[64,99745,2686],{"class":320},[64,99747,285],{"class":329},[64,99749,2686],{"class":320},[64,99751,160],{"class":78},[64,99753,5091],{"class":82},[64,99755,86],{"class":78},[64,99757,3184],{"class":320},[64,99759,1269],{"class":329},[64,99761,2686],{"class":320},[64,99763,160],{"class":78},[64,99765,89],{"class":82},[64,99767,8915],{"class":78},[64,99769,99770],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,99771,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,99773,99774,99776,99778,99780,99782,99784],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,99775,125],{"class":108},[64,99777,112],{"class":78},[64,99779,3052],{"class":357},[64,99781,112],{"class":78},[64,99783,15283],{"class":115},[64,99785,471],{"class":78},[64,99787,99788,99790,99792,99794,99796,99798],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,99789,125],{"class":108},[64,99791,112],{"class":78},[64,99793,3052],{"class":357},[64,99795,112],{"class":78},[64,99797,11060],{"class":115},[64,99799,471],{"class":78},[50,99801,92428],{"id":92427},[20,99803,99804],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[55,99806,99808],{"className":57,"code":99807,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99809,99810,99836,99840,99854,99864,99878,99885],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,99811,99812,99814,99816,99818,99820,99822,99824,99826,99828,99830,99832,99834],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,99813,15245],{"class":70},[64,99815,75],{"class":74},[64,99817,15250],{"class":357},[64,99819,354],{"class":78},[64,99821,83],{"class":82},[64,99823,86],{"class":78},[64,99825,89],{"class":82},[64,99827,86],{"class":78},[64,99829,89],{"class":82},[64,99831,86],{"class":78},[64,99833,94],{"class":82},[64,99835,381],{"class":78},[64,99837,99838],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,99839,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,99841,99842,99844,99846,99848,99850,99852],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,99843,125],{"class":108},[64,99845,112],{"class":78},[64,99847,3052],{"class":357},[64,99849,112],{"class":78},[64,99851,15283],{"class":115},[64,99853,471],{"class":78},[64,99855,99856,99858,99860,99862],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,99857,125],{"class":108},[64,99859,112],{"class":78},[64,99861,15283],{"class":115},[64,99863,119],{"class":78},[64,99865,99866,99868,99870,99872,99874,99876],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,99867,125],{"class":108},[64,99869,112],{"class":78},[64,99871,10771],{"class":108},[64,99873,112],{"class":78},[64,99875,15283],{"class":115},[64,99877,471],{"class":78},[64,99879,99880,99882],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,99881,125],{"class":108},[64,99883,99884],{"class":78},"({})\n",[64,99886,99887,99889,99891,99893],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,99888,125],{"class":108},[64,99890,112],{"class":78},[64,99892,5882],{"class":357},[64,99894,6792],{"class":78},[20,99896,99897],{},"Use these to confirm:",[30,99899,99900,99903,99906,99909],{},[33,99901,99902],{},"The object type",[33,99904,99905],{},"The actual values stored",[33,99907,99908],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[33,99910,99911,99912,896,99914],{},"The difference between ",[15,99913,272],{},[15,99915,277],{},[50,99917,1651],{"id":1650},[428,99919,99921],{"id":99920},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,99923,99924,99925,99928,99929,99931],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,99926,99927],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,99930,277],{}," with another iterable.",[428,99933,99935],{"id":99934},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,99937,1923,99938,99940,99941,99943],{},[15,99939,277],{},". Empty braces ",[15,99942,272],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[428,99945,99947],{"id":99946},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,99949,99950],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[428,99952,99954],{"id":99953},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,99956,99957],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[428,99959,99961],{"id":99960},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,99963,99964],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[50,99966,1717],{"id":1716},[30,99968,99969,99973,99979,99985,99990],{},[33,99970,99971],{},[285,99972,95973],{"href":97144},[33,99974,99975],{},[285,99976,13,99977,10349],{"href":98145},[15,99978,95853],{},[33,99980,99981],{},[285,99982,13,99983,10349],{"href":98164},[15,99984,96959],{},[33,99986,99987],{},[285,99988,99989],{"href":98722},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[33,99991,99992],{},[285,99993,99994],{"href":98436},"What is a set in Python?",[20,99996,99997],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1751,99999,100000],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":100002},[100003,100004,100005,100006,100009,100015,100019,100020,100021,100027,100035,100036,100043],{"id":52,"depth":100,"text":53},{"id":14778,"depth":100,"text":14779},{"id":98408,"depth":100,"text":98409},{"id":98440,"depth":100,"text":98441,"children":100007},[100008],{"id":98509,"depth":122,"text":98510},{"id":98613,"depth":100,"text":100010,"children":100011},"Create a set with set()",[100012,100013,100014],{"id":98638,"depth":122,"text":98639},{"id":98726,"depth":122,"text":98727},{"id":98796,"depth":122,"text":98797},{"id":98881,"depth":100,"text":98882,"children":100016},[100017],{"id":98958,"depth":122,"text":100018},"Do not use {}",{"id":71910,"depth":100,"text":71911},{"id":99166,"depth":100,"text":99167},{"id":99338,"depth":100,"text":99339,"children":100022},[100023,100024,100025,100026],{"id":99342,"depth":122,"text":99343},{"id":99385,"depth":122,"text":99386},{"id":99452,"depth":122,"text":98797},{"id":99488,"depth":122,"text":99489},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661,"children":100028},[100029,100031,100032,100033,100034],{"id":99522,"depth":122,"text":100030},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99583,"depth":122,"text":99584},{"id":99636,"depth":122,"text":99637},{"id":99679,"depth":122,"text":99680},{"id":99706,"depth":122,"text":99707},{"id":92427,"depth":100,"text":92428},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":100037},[100038,100039,100040,100041,100042],{"id":99920,"depth":122,"text":99921},{"id":99934,"depth":122,"text":99935},{"id":99946,"depth":122,"text":99947},{"id":99953,"depth":122,"text":99954},{"id":99960,"depth":122,"text":99961},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98211,"description":100044},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100050,"title":100051,"body":100052,"description":102483,"extension":1791,"meta":102484,"navigation":346,"path":102485,"seo":102486,"stem":102487,"__hash__":102488},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100053,"toc":102448},[100054,100060,100066,100069,100071,100148,100150,100167,100177,100179,100184,100192,100194,100210,100214,100216,100218,100221,100242,100245,100269,100275,100277,100374,100376,100393,100403,100405,100407,100415,100417,100428,100430,100521,100523,100547,100558,100560,100562,100565,100695,100697,100770,100772,100793,100796,100798,100804,100809,100812,100939,100941,100958,100961,100963,100971,100974,100978,100986,101077,101079,101116,101121,101128,101205,101207,101223,101228,101233,101235,101244,101252,101333,101335,101364,101367,101371,101382,101385,101468,101470,101491,101497,101499,101501,101505,101509,101516,101581,101583,101603,101606,101675,101677,101693,101697,101703,101715,101723,101725,101810,101812,101841,101844,101848,101853,101855,101905,101908,101989,101991,102007,102011,102014,102089,102092,102096,102099,102176,102178,102211,102217,102221,102224,102359,102361,102375,102377,102379,102385,102388,102395,102403,102409,102412,102416,102419,102421,102423,102445],[10,100055,95845,100057,10932],{"id":100056},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100058,100059],{},"difference()",[20,100061,100062,100065],{},[15,100063,100064],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100067,100068],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[50,100070,53],{"id":52},[55,100072,100074],{"className":57,"code":100073,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100075,100076,100100,100120,100138],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,100077,100078,100080,100082,100084,100086,100088,100090,100092,100094,100096,100098],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,100079,2384],{"class":70},[64,100081,75],{"class":74},[64,100083,10098],{"class":78},[64,100085,83],{"class":82},[64,100087,86],{"class":78},[64,100089,89],{"class":82},[64,100091,86],{"class":78},[64,100093,94],{"class":82},[64,100095,86],{"class":78},[64,100097,2286],{"class":82},[64,100099,8915],{"class":78},[64,100101,100102,100104,100106,100108,100110,100112,100114,100116,100118],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,100103,2412],{"class":70},[64,100105,75],{"class":74},[64,100107,10098],{"class":78},[64,100109,1892],{"class":82},[64,100111,86],{"class":78},[64,100113,2286],{"class":82},[64,100115,86],{"class":78},[64,100117,1112],{"class":82},[64,100119,8915],{"class":78},[64,100121,100122,100124,100126,100128,100130,100132,100134,100136],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,100123,103],{"class":70},[64,100125,75],{"class":74},[64,100127,56527],{"class":70},[64,100129,148],{"class":78},[64,100131,2642],{"class":115},[64,100133,112],{"class":78},[64,100135,1269],{"class":115},[64,100137,119],{"class":78},[64,100139,100140,100142,100144,100146],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,100141,125],{"class":108},[64,100143,112],{"class":78},[64,100145,130],{"class":115},[64,100147,119],{"class":78},[20,100149,384],{},[55,100151,100153],{"className":57,"code":100152,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100154,100155],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,100156,100157,100159,100161,100163,100165],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,100158,8884],{"class":78},[64,100160,83],{"class":82},[64,100162,86],{"class":78},[64,100164,89],{"class":82},[64,100166,8915],{"class":78},[20,100168,100169,100171,100172,100174,100175,148],{},[15,100170,100059],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100173,285],{}," that are not in ",[15,100176,1269],{},[44552,100178],{},[50,100180,152,100182,155],{"id":100181},"what-difference-does",[15,100183,100059],{},[20,100185,1808,100186,100188,100189,100191],{},[15,100187,100059],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[221,100190,1138],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100193,12666],{},[30,100195,100196,100201,100204,100207],{},[33,100197,100198,100200],{},[15,100199,100059],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[33,100202,100203],{},"It creates a new set",[33,100205,100206],{},"It does not change the original set",[33,100208,100209],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100211,95969,100212,148],{},[285,100213,95973],{"href":97144},[44552,100215],{},[50,100217,1988],{"id":1987},[20,100219,100220],{},"Use this form:",[55,100222,100224],{"className":57,"code":100223,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100225,100226],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,100227,100228,100231,100233,100235,100237,100240],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,100229,100230],{"class":70},"set1",[64,100232,148],{"class":78},[64,100234,2642],{"class":115},[64,100236,112],{"class":78},[64,100238,100239],{"class":115},"set2",[64,100241,119],{"class":78},[20,100243,100244],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[55,100246,100248],{"className":57,"code":100247,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100249,100250],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,100251,100252,100254,100256,100258,100260,100262,100264,100267],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,100253,100230],{"class":70},[64,100255,148],{"class":78},[64,100257,2642],{"class":115},[64,100259,112],{"class":78},[64,100261,100239],{"class":115},[64,100263,86],{"class":78},[64,100265,100266],{"class":115}," set3",[64,100268,119],{"class":78},[20,100270,100271,100272,100274],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[221,100273,4946],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100276,916],{},[55,100278,100280],{"className":57,"code":100279,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100281,100282,100310,100326,100338,100342,100364],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,100283,100284,100286,100288,100290,100292,100294,100296,100298,100300,100302,100304,100306,100308],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,100285,2384],{"class":70},[64,100287,75],{"class":74},[64,100289,10098],{"class":78},[64,100291,83],{"class":82},[64,100293,86],{"class":78},[64,100295,89],{"class":82},[64,100297,86],{"class":78},[64,100299,94],{"class":82},[64,100301,86],{"class":78},[64,100303,2286],{"class":82},[64,100305,86],{"class":78},[64,100307,1112],{"class":82},[64,100309,8915],{"class":78},[64,100311,100312,100314,100316,100318,100320,100322,100324],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,100313,2412],{"class":70},[64,100315,75],{"class":74},[64,100317,10098],{"class":78},[64,100319,815],{"class":82},[64,100321,86],{"class":78},[64,100323,94],{"class":82},[64,100325,8915],{"class":78},[64,100327,100328,100330,100332,100334,100336],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,100329,82828],{"class":70},[64,100331,75],{"class":74},[64,100333,10098],{"class":78},[64,100335,1107],{"class":82},[64,100337,8915],{"class":78},[64,100339,100340],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,100341,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,100343,100344,100346,100348,100350,100352,100354,100356,100358,100360,100362],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,100345,103],{"class":70},[64,100347,75],{"class":74},[64,100349,56527],{"class":70},[64,100351,148],{"class":78},[64,100353,2642],{"class":115},[64,100355,112],{"class":78},[64,100357,1269],{"class":115},[64,100359,86],{"class":78},[64,100361,9288],{"class":115},[64,100363,119],{"class":78},[64,100365,100366,100368,100370,100372],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,100367,125],{"class":108},[64,100369,112],{"class":78},[64,100371,130],{"class":115},[64,100373,119],{"class":78},[20,100375,384],{},[55,100377,100379],{"className":57,"code":100378,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100380,100381],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,100382,100383,100385,100387,100389,100391],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,100384,8884],{"class":78},[64,100386,83],{"class":82},[64,100388,86],{"class":78},[64,100390,2286],{"class":82},[64,100392,8915],{"class":78},[20,100394,100395,100396,100398,100399,212,100401,148],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100397,285],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100400,1269],{},[15,100402,9346],{},[44552,100404],{},[50,100406,17037],{"id":17036},[20,100408,100409,100411,100412,148],{},[15,100410,100059],{}," always returns a ",[221,100413,100414],{},"new set",[20,100416,43285],{},[30,100418,100419,100422,100425],{},[33,100420,100421],{},"The return value is a new set",[33,100423,100424],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[33,100426,100427],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100429,916],{},[55,100431,100433],{"className":57,"code":100432,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100434,100435,100451,100471,100475,100493,100497,100507],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,100436,100437,100439,100441,100443,100445,100447,100449],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,100438,2384],{"class":70},[64,100440,75],{"class":74},[64,100442,10098],{"class":78},[64,100444,83],{"class":82},[64,100446,86],{"class":78},[64,100448,89],{"class":82},[64,100450,8915],{"class":78},[64,100452,100453,100455,100457,100459,100461,100463,100465,100467,100469],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,100454,2412],{"class":70},[64,100456,75],{"class":74},[64,100458,10098],{"class":78},[64,100460,83],{"class":82},[64,100462,86],{"class":78},[64,100464,89],{"class":82},[64,100466,86],{"class":78},[64,100468,94],{"class":82},[64,100470,8915],{"class":78},[64,100472,100473],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,100474,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,100476,100477,100479,100481,100483,100485,100487,100489,100491],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,100478,103],{"class":70},[64,100480,75],{"class":74},[64,100482,56527],{"class":70},[64,100484,148],{"class":78},[64,100486,2642],{"class":115},[64,100488,112],{"class":78},[64,100490,1269],{"class":115},[64,100492,119],{"class":78},[64,100494,100495],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,100496,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,100498,100499,100501,100503,100505],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,100500,125],{"class":108},[64,100502,112],{"class":78},[64,100504,130],{"class":115},[64,100506,119],{"class":78},[64,100508,100509,100511,100513,100515,100517,100519],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,100510,125],{"class":108},[64,100512,112],{"class":78},[64,100514,3052],{"class":357},[64,100516,112],{"class":78},[64,100518,130],{"class":115},[64,100520,471],{"class":78},[20,100522,384],{},[55,100524,100525],{"className":57,"code":98933,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,100526,100527,100533],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,100528,100529,100531],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,100530,5882],{"class":357},[64,100532,8247],{"class":78},[64,100534,100535,100537,100539,100541,100543,100545],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,100536,3121],{"class":74},[64,100538,3124],{"class":1895},[64,100540,326],{"class":320},[64,100542,5882],{"class":329},[64,100544,333],{"class":320},[64,100546,3133],{"class":74},[20,100548,100549,100550,18583,100552,100554,100555,100557],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100551,277],{},[15,100553,272],{},". In Python, ",[15,100556,272],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44552,100559],{},[50,100561,11086],{"id":11085},[20,100563,100564],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[55,100566,100568],{"className":57,"code":100567,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100569,100570,100603,100636,100640,100660,100664,100674,100685],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,100571,100572,100575,100577,100579,100581,100583,100585,100587,100589,100591,100593,100595,100597,100599,100601],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,100573,100574],{"class":70},"fruits_a ",[64,100576,75],{"class":74},[64,100578,10098],{"class":78},[64,100580,2686],{"class":320},[64,100582,576],{"class":329},[64,100584,2686],{"class":320},[64,100586,86],{"class":78},[64,100588,3184],{"class":320},[64,100590,585],{"class":329},[64,100592,2686],{"class":320},[64,100594,86],{"class":78},[64,100596,3184],{"class":320},[64,100598,32847],{"class":329},[64,100600,2686],{"class":320},[64,100602,8915],{"class":78},[64,100604,100605,100608,100610,100612,100614,100616,100618,100620,100622,100624,100626,100628,100630,100632,100634],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,100606,100607],{"class":70},"fruits_b ",[64,100609,75],{"class":74},[64,100611,10098],{"class":78},[64,100613,2686],{"class":320},[64,100615,585],{"class":329},[64,100617,2686],{"class":320},[64,100619,86],{"class":78},[64,100621,3184],{"class":320},[64,100623,32847],{"class":329},[64,100625,2686],{"class":320},[64,100627,86],{"class":78},[64,100629,3184],{"class":320},[64,100631,22154],{"class":329},[64,100633,2686],{"class":320},[64,100635,8915],{"class":78},[64,100637,100638],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,100639,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,100641,100642,100644,100646,100649,100651,100653,100655,100658],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,100643,103],{"class":70},[64,100645,75],{"class":74},[64,100647,100648],{"class":70}," fruits_a",[64,100650,148],{"class":78},[64,100652,2642],{"class":115},[64,100654,112],{"class":78},[64,100656,100657],{"class":115},"fruits_b",[64,100659,119],{"class":78},[64,100661,100662],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,100663,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,100665,100666,100668,100670,100672],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,100667,125],{"class":108},[64,100669,112],{"class":78},[64,100671,130],{"class":115},[64,100673,119],{"class":78},[64,100675,100676,100678,100680,100683],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,100677,125],{"class":108},[64,100679,112],{"class":78},[64,100681,100682],{"class":115},"fruits_a",[64,100684,119],{"class":78},[64,100686,100687,100689,100691,100693],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,100688,125],{"class":108},[64,100690,112],{"class":78},[64,100692,100657],{"class":115},[64,100694,119],{"class":78},[20,100696,29654],{},[55,100698,100700],{"className":57,"code":100699,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100701,100702,100714,100742],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,100703,100704,100706,100708,100710,100712],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,100705,8884],{"class":78},[64,100707,333],{"class":320},[64,100709,576],{"class":329},[64,100711,333],{"class":320},[64,100713,8915],{"class":78},[64,100715,100716,100718,100720,100722,100724,100726,100728,100730,100732,100734,100736,100738,100740],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,100717,8884],{"class":78},[64,100719,333],{"class":320},[64,100721,585],{"class":329},[64,100723,333],{"class":320},[64,100725,86],{"class":78},[64,100727,326],{"class":320},[64,100729,32847],{"class":329},[64,100731,333],{"class":320},[64,100733,86],{"class":78},[64,100735,326],{"class":320},[64,100737,576],{"class":329},[64,100739,333],{"class":320},[64,100741,8915],{"class":78},[64,100743,100744,100746,100748,100750,100752,100754,100756,100758,100760,100762,100764,100766,100768],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,100745,8884],{"class":78},[64,100747,333],{"class":320},[64,100749,585],{"class":329},[64,100751,333],{"class":320},[64,100753,86],{"class":78},[64,100755,326],{"class":320},[64,100757,32847],{"class":329},[64,100759,333],{"class":320},[64,100761,86],{"class":78},[64,100763,326],{"class":320},[64,100765,22154],{"class":329},[64,100767,333],{"class":320},[64,100769,8915],{"class":78},[20,100771,11295],{},[30,100773,100774,100779,100784,100790],{},[33,100775,100776,100777],{},"Start with ",[15,100778,100682],{},[33,100780,100781,100782],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100783,100657],{},[33,100785,100786,100787,100789],{},"Only ",[15,100788,57473],{}," remains",[33,100791,100792],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,100794,100795],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44552,100797],{},[50,100799,8020,100801,100803],{"id":100800},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100802,100059],{}," with multiple sets",[20,100805,100806,100807,148],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100808,100059],{},[20,100810,100811],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[55,100813,100815],{"className":57,"code":100814,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100816,100817,100849,100866,100879,100896,100900,100929],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,100818,100819,100821,100823,100825,100827,100829,100831,100833,100835,100837,100839,100841,100843,100845,100847],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,100820,71],{"class":70},[64,100822,75],{"class":74},[64,100824,10098],{"class":78},[64,100826,83],{"class":82},[64,100828,86],{"class":78},[64,100830,89],{"class":82},[64,100832,86],{"class":78},[64,100834,94],{"class":82},[64,100836,86],{"class":78},[64,100838,2286],{"class":82},[64,100840,86],{"class":78},[64,100842,1112],{"class":82},[64,100844,86],{"class":78},[64,100846,37275],{"class":82},[64,100848,8915],{"class":78},[64,100850,100851,100854,100856,100858,100860,100862,100864],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,100852,100853],{"class":70},"group_a ",[64,100855,75],{"class":74},[64,100857,10098],{"class":78},[64,100859,815],{"class":82},[64,100861,86],{"class":78},[64,100863,2286],{"class":82},[64,100865,8915],{"class":78},[64,100867,100868,100871,100873,100875,100877],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,100869,100870],{"class":70},"group_b ",[64,100872,75],{"class":74},[64,100874,10098],{"class":78},[64,100876,1107],{"class":82},[64,100878,8915],{"class":78},[64,100880,100881,100884,100886,100888,100890,100892,100894],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,100882,100883],{"class":70},"group_c ",[64,100885,75],{"class":74},[64,100887,10098],{"class":78},[64,100889,80236],{"class":82},[64,100891,86],{"class":78},[64,100893,5588],{"class":82},[64,100895,8915],{"class":78},[64,100897,100898],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,100899,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,100901,100902,100904,100906,100908,100910,100912,100914,100917,100919,100922,100924,100927],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,100903,103],{"class":70},[64,100905,75],{"class":74},[64,100907,762],{"class":70},[64,100909,148],{"class":78},[64,100911,2642],{"class":115},[64,100913,112],{"class":78},[64,100915,100916],{"class":115},"group_a",[64,100918,86],{"class":78},[64,100920,100921],{"class":115}," group_b",[64,100923,86],{"class":78},[64,100925,100926],{"class":115}," group_c",[64,100928,119],{"class":78},[64,100930,100931,100933,100935,100937],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,100932,125],{"class":108},[64,100934,112],{"class":78},[64,100936,130],{"class":115},[64,100938,119],{"class":78},[20,100940,384],{},[55,100942,100944],{"className":57,"code":100943,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{1, 3}\n",[15,100945,100946],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,100947,100948,100950,100952,100954,100956],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,100949,8884],{"class":78},[64,100951,83],{"class":82},[64,100953,86],{"class":78},[64,100955,94],{"class":82},[64,100957,8915],{"class":78},[20,100959,100960],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44552,100962],{},[50,100964,100966,10193,100968],{"id":100965},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,100967,100059],{},[15,100969,100970],{},"difference_update()",[20,100972,100973],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[428,100975,100976],{"id":2642},[15,100977,100059],{},[30,100979,100980,100983],{},[33,100981,100982],{},"Returns a new set",[33,100984,100985],{},"Does not change the original set",[55,100987,100989],{"className":57,"code":100988,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,100990,100991,101015,101031,101035,101053,101057,101067],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,100992,100993,100995,100997,100999,101001,101003,101005,101007,101009,101011,101013],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,100994,2384],{"class":70},[64,100996,75],{"class":74},[64,100998,10098],{"class":78},[64,101000,83],{"class":82},[64,101002,86],{"class":78},[64,101004,89],{"class":82},[64,101006,86],{"class":78},[64,101008,94],{"class":82},[64,101010,86],{"class":78},[64,101012,2286],{"class":82},[64,101014,8915],{"class":78},[64,101016,101017,101019,101021,101023,101025,101027,101029],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,101018,2412],{"class":70},[64,101020,75],{"class":74},[64,101022,10098],{"class":78},[64,101024,1892],{"class":82},[64,101026,86],{"class":78},[64,101028,2286],{"class":82},[64,101030,8915],{"class":78},[64,101032,101033],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,101034,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,101036,101037,101039,101041,101043,101045,101047,101049,101051],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,101038,103],{"class":70},[64,101040,75],{"class":74},[64,101042,56527],{"class":70},[64,101044,148],{"class":78},[64,101046,2642],{"class":115},[64,101048,112],{"class":78},[64,101050,1269],{"class":115},[64,101052,119],{"class":78},[64,101054,101055],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,101056,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,101058,101059,101061,101063,101065],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,101060,125],{"class":108},[64,101062,112],{"class":78},[64,101064,130],{"class":115},[64,101066,119],{"class":78},[64,101068,101069,101071,101073,101075],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,101070,125],{"class":108},[64,101072,112],{"class":78},[64,101074,285],{"class":115},[64,101076,119],{"class":78},[20,101078,384],{},[55,101080,101082],{"className":57,"code":101081,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101083,101084,101096],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,101085,101086,101088,101090,101092,101094],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101087,8884],{"class":78},[64,101089,83],{"class":82},[64,101091,86],{"class":78},[64,101093,89],{"class":82},[64,101095,8915],{"class":78},[64,101097,101098,101100,101102,101104,101106,101108,101110,101112,101114],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,101099,8884],{"class":78},[64,101101,83],{"class":82},[64,101103,86],{"class":78},[64,101105,89],{"class":82},[64,101107,86],{"class":78},[64,101109,94],{"class":82},[64,101111,86],{"class":78},[64,101113,2286],{"class":82},[64,101115,8915],{"class":78},[428,101117,101119],{"id":101118},"difference_update",[15,101120,100970],{},[30,101122,101123,101126],{},[33,101124,101125],{},"Changes the original set",[33,101127,95963],{},[55,101129,101131],{"className":57,"code":101130,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101132,101133,101157,101173,101177,101191,101195],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,101134,101135,101137,101139,101141,101143,101145,101147,101149,101151,101153,101155],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101136,2384],{"class":70},[64,101138,75],{"class":74},[64,101140,10098],{"class":78},[64,101142,83],{"class":82},[64,101144,86],{"class":78},[64,101146,89],{"class":82},[64,101148,86],{"class":78},[64,101150,94],{"class":82},[64,101152,86],{"class":78},[64,101154,2286],{"class":82},[64,101156,8915],{"class":78},[64,101158,101159,101161,101163,101165,101167,101169,101171],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,101160,2412],{"class":70},[64,101162,75],{"class":74},[64,101164,10098],{"class":78},[64,101166,1892],{"class":82},[64,101168,86],{"class":78},[64,101170,2286],{"class":82},[64,101172,8915],{"class":78},[64,101174,101175],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,101176,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,101178,101179,101181,101183,101185,101187,101189],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,101180,285],{"class":70},[64,101182,148],{"class":78},[64,101184,101118],{"class":115},[64,101186,112],{"class":78},[64,101188,1269],{"class":115},[64,101190,119],{"class":78},[64,101192,101193],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,101194,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,101196,101197,101199,101201,101203],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,101198,125],{"class":108},[64,101200,112],{"class":78},[64,101202,285],{"class":115},[64,101204,119],{"class":78},[20,101206,384],{},[55,101208,101209],{"className":57,"code":100152,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,101210,101211],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,101212,101213,101215,101217,101219,101221],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101214,8884],{"class":78},[64,101216,83],{"class":82},[64,101218,86],{"class":78},[64,101220,89],{"class":82},[64,101222,8915],{"class":78},[20,101224,1923,101225,101227],{},[15,101226,100059],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101229,101230,101231,33227],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101232,100970],{},[44552,101234],{},[50,101236,101238,101240,101241,101243],{"id":101237},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101239,100059],{}," vs the ",[15,101242,1852],{}," operator",[20,101245,1808,101246,101248,101249,101251],{},[15,101247,1852],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101250,100059],{}," for two sets.",[55,101253,101255],{"className":57,"code":101254,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101256,101257,101281,101297,101301,101319],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,101258,101259,101261,101263,101265,101267,101269,101271,101273,101275,101277,101279],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101260,2384],{"class":70},[64,101262,75],{"class":74},[64,101264,10098],{"class":78},[64,101266,83],{"class":82},[64,101268,86],{"class":78},[64,101270,89],{"class":82},[64,101272,86],{"class":78},[64,101274,94],{"class":82},[64,101276,86],{"class":78},[64,101278,2286],{"class":82},[64,101280,8915],{"class":78},[64,101282,101283,101285,101287,101289,101291,101293,101295],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,101284,2412],{"class":70},[64,101286,75],{"class":74},[64,101288,10098],{"class":78},[64,101290,1892],{"class":82},[64,101292,86],{"class":78},[64,101294,2286],{"class":82},[64,101296,8915],{"class":78},[64,101298,101299],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,101300,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,101302,101303,101305,101307,101309,101311,101313,101315,101317],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,101304,125],{"class":108},[64,101306,112],{"class":78},[64,101308,285],{"class":115},[64,101310,148],{"class":78},[64,101312,2642],{"class":115},[64,101314,112],{"class":78},[64,101316,1269],{"class":115},[64,101318,471],{"class":78},[64,101320,101321,101323,101325,101327,101329,101331],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,101322,125],{"class":108},[64,101324,112],{"class":78},[64,101326,2384],{"class":115},[64,101328,1852],{"class":74},[64,101330,2389],{"class":115},[64,101332,119],{"class":78},[20,101334,384],{},[55,101336,101338],{"className":57,"code":101337,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101339,101340,101352],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,101341,101342,101344,101346,101348,101350],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101343,8884],{"class":78},[64,101345,83],{"class":82},[64,101347,86],{"class":78},[64,101349,89],{"class":82},[64,101351,8915],{"class":78},[64,101353,101354,101356,101358,101360,101362],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,101355,8884],{"class":78},[64,101357,83],{"class":82},[64,101359,86],{"class":78},[64,101361,89],{"class":82},[64,101363,8915],{"class":78},[20,101365,101366],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101368,94233,101369,1677],{},[15,101370,100059],{},[30,101372,101373,101376,101379],{},[33,101374,101375],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[33,101377,101378],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[33,101380,101381],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101383,101384],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[55,101386,101388],{"className":57,"code":101387,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101389,101390,101418,101430,101442,101446],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,101391,101392,101394,101396,101398,101400,101402,101404,101406,101408,101410,101412,101414,101416],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101393,2384],{"class":70},[64,101395,75],{"class":74},[64,101397,10098],{"class":78},[64,101399,83],{"class":82},[64,101401,86],{"class":78},[64,101403,89],{"class":82},[64,101405,86],{"class":78},[64,101407,94],{"class":82},[64,101409,86],{"class":78},[64,101411,2286],{"class":82},[64,101413,86],{"class":78},[64,101415,1112],{"class":82},[64,101417,8915],{"class":78},[64,101419,101420,101422,101424,101426,101428],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,101421,2412],{"class":70},[64,101423,75],{"class":74},[64,101425,10098],{"class":78},[64,101427,815],{"class":82},[64,101429,8915],{"class":78},[64,101431,101432,101434,101436,101438,101440],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,101433,82828],{"class":70},[64,101435,75],{"class":74},[64,101437,10098],{"class":78},[64,101439,2334],{"class":82},[64,101441,8915],{"class":78},[64,101443,101444],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,101445,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,101447,101448,101450,101452,101454,101456,101458,101460,101462,101464,101466],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,101449,125],{"class":108},[64,101451,112],{"class":78},[64,101453,285],{"class":115},[64,101455,148],{"class":78},[64,101457,2642],{"class":115},[64,101459,112],{"class":78},[64,101461,1269],{"class":115},[64,101463,86],{"class":78},[64,101465,9288],{"class":115},[64,101467,471],{"class":78},[20,101469,384],{},[55,101471,101473],{"className":57,"code":101472,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101474,101475],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,101476,101477,101479,101481,101483,101485,101487,101489],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101478,8884],{"class":78},[64,101480,83],{"class":82},[64,101482,86],{"class":78},[64,101484,94],{"class":82},[64,101486,86],{"class":78},[64,101488,1112],{"class":82},[64,101490,8915],{"class":78},[20,101492,101493,101494,101496],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101495,1852],{}," operator expression.",[44552,101498],{},[50,101500,1023],{"id":1022},[20,101502,20832,101503,148],{},[15,101504,100059],{},[428,101506,101508],{"id":101507},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101510,1135,101511,101513,101514,160],{},[221,101512,1138],{}," change ",[15,101515,285],{},[55,101517,101519],{"className":57,"code":101518,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101520,101521,101541,101553,101557,101571],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,101522,101523,101525,101527,101529,101531,101533,101535,101537,101539],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101524,2384],{"class":70},[64,101526,75],{"class":74},[64,101528,10098],{"class":78},[64,101530,83],{"class":82},[64,101532,86],{"class":78},[64,101534,89],{"class":82},[64,101536,86],{"class":78},[64,101538,94],{"class":82},[64,101540,8915],{"class":78},[64,101542,101543,101545,101547,101549,101551],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,101544,2412],{"class":70},[64,101546,75],{"class":74},[64,101548,10098],{"class":78},[64,101550,1892],{"class":82},[64,101552,8915],{"class":78},[64,101554,101555],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,101556,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,101558,101559,101561,101563,101565,101567,101569],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,101560,285],{"class":70},[64,101562,148],{"class":78},[64,101564,2642],{"class":115},[64,101566,112],{"class":78},[64,101568,1269],{"class":115},[64,101570,119],{"class":78},[64,101572,101573,101575,101577,101579],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,101574,125],{"class":108},[64,101576,112],{"class":78},[64,101578,285],{"class":115},[64,101580,119],{"class":78},[20,101582,384],{},[55,101584,101585],{"className":57,"code":96252,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,101586,101587],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,101588,101589,101591,101593,101595,101597,101599,101601],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101590,8884],{"class":78},[64,101592,83],{"class":82},[64,101594,86],{"class":78},[64,101596,89],{"class":82},[64,101598,86],{"class":78},[64,101600,94],{"class":82},[64,101602,8915],{"class":78},[20,101604,101605],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[55,101607,101609],{"className":57,"code":101608,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101610,101611,101631,101643,101647,101665],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,101612,101613,101615,101617,101619,101621,101623,101625,101627,101629],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101614,2384],{"class":70},[64,101616,75],{"class":74},[64,101618,10098],{"class":78},[64,101620,83],{"class":82},[64,101622,86],{"class":78},[64,101624,89],{"class":82},[64,101626,86],{"class":78},[64,101628,94],{"class":82},[64,101630,8915],{"class":78},[64,101632,101633,101635,101637,101639,101641],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,101634,2412],{"class":70},[64,101636,75],{"class":74},[64,101638,10098],{"class":78},[64,101640,1892],{"class":82},[64,101642,8915],{"class":78},[64,101644,101645],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,101646,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,101648,101649,101651,101653,101655,101657,101659,101661,101663],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,101650,2384],{"class":70},[64,101652,75],{"class":74},[64,101654,56527],{"class":70},[64,101656,148],{"class":78},[64,101658,2642],{"class":115},[64,101660,112],{"class":78},[64,101662,1269],{"class":115},[64,101664,119],{"class":78},[64,101666,101667,101669,101671,101673],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,101668,125],{"class":108},[64,101670,112],{"class":78},[64,101672,285],{"class":115},[64,101674,119],{"class":78},[20,101676,384],{},[55,101678,101679],{"className":57,"code":100152,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,101680,101681],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,101682,101683,101685,101687,101689,101691],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101684,8884],{"class":78},[64,101686,83],{"class":82},[64,101688,86],{"class":78},[64,101690,89],{"class":82},[64,101692,8915],{"class":78},[428,101694,101696],{"id":101695},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101698,101699,101702],{},[15,101700,101701],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[30,101704,101705,101710],{},[33,101706,101707,101708],{},"keep items from ",[15,101709,285],{},[33,101711,101712,101713],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101714,1269],{},[20,101716,40539,101717,101719,101720,101722],{},[221,101718,1138],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101721,1269],{},"”.",[20,101724,916],{},[55,101726,101728],{"className":57,"code":101727,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101729,101730,101750,101770,101774,101792],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,101731,101732,101734,101736,101738,101740,101742,101744,101746,101748],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101733,2384],{"class":70},[64,101735,75],{"class":74},[64,101737,10098],{"class":78},[64,101739,83],{"class":82},[64,101741,86],{"class":78},[64,101743,89],{"class":82},[64,101745,86],{"class":78},[64,101747,94],{"class":82},[64,101749,8915],{"class":78},[64,101751,101752,101754,101756,101758,101760,101762,101764,101766,101768],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,101753,2412],{"class":70},[64,101755,75],{"class":74},[64,101757,10098],{"class":78},[64,101759,1892],{"class":82},[64,101761,86],{"class":78},[64,101763,2286],{"class":82},[64,101765,86],{"class":78},[64,101767,1112],{"class":82},[64,101769,8915],{"class":78},[64,101771,101772],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,101773,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,101775,101776,101778,101780,101782,101784,101786,101788,101790],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,101777,125],{"class":108},[64,101779,112],{"class":78},[64,101781,285],{"class":115},[64,101783,148],{"class":78},[64,101785,2642],{"class":115},[64,101787,112],{"class":78},[64,101789,1269],{"class":115},[64,101791,471],{"class":78},[64,101793,101794,101796,101798,101800,101802,101804,101806,101808],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,101795,125],{"class":108},[64,101797,112],{"class":78},[64,101799,1269],{"class":115},[64,101801,148],{"class":78},[64,101803,2642],{"class":115},[64,101805,112],{"class":78},[64,101807,285],{"class":115},[64,101809,471],{"class":78},[20,101811,384],{},[55,101813,101815],{"className":57,"code":101814,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,101816,101817,101829],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,101818,101819,101821,101823,101825,101827],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101820,8884],{"class":78},[64,101822,83],{"class":82},[64,101824,86],{"class":78},[64,101826,89],{"class":82},[64,101828,8915],{"class":78},[64,101830,101831,101833,101835,101837,101839],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,101832,8884],{"class":78},[64,101834,2334],{"class":82},[64,101836,86],{"class":78},[64,101838,1112],{"class":82},[64,101840,8915],{"class":78},[20,101842,101843],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[428,101845,101847],{"id":101846},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,101849,101850,101852],{},[15,101851,100059],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,101854,54958],{},[55,101856,101858],{"className":57,"code":101857,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,101859,101860,101880,101896,101900],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,101861,101862,101864,101866,101868,101870,101872,101874,101876,101878],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101863,2384],{"class":70},[64,101865,75],{"class":74},[64,101867,79],{"class":78},[64,101869,83],{"class":82},[64,101871,86],{"class":78},[64,101873,89],{"class":82},[64,101875,86],{"class":78},[64,101877,94],{"class":82},[64,101879,97],{"class":78},[64,101881,101882,101884,101886,101888,101890,101892,101894],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,101883,2412],{"class":70},[64,101885,75],{"class":74},[64,101887,79],{"class":78},[64,101889,1892],{"class":82},[64,101891,86],{"class":78},[64,101893,2286],{"class":82},[64,101895,97],{"class":78},[64,101897,101898],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,101899,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,101901,101902],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,101903,101904],{"class":136},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,101906,101907],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[55,101909,101911],{"className":57,"code":101910,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,101912,101913,101933,101949,101953,101979],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,101914,101915,101917,101919,101921,101923,101925,101927,101929,101931],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101916,2384],{"class":70},[64,101918,75],{"class":74},[64,101920,79],{"class":78},[64,101922,83],{"class":82},[64,101924,86],{"class":78},[64,101926,89],{"class":82},[64,101928,86],{"class":78},[64,101930,94],{"class":82},[64,101932,97],{"class":78},[64,101934,101935,101937,101939,101941,101943,101945,101947],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,101936,2412],{"class":70},[64,101938,75],{"class":74},[64,101940,79],{"class":78},[64,101942,1892],{"class":82},[64,101944,86],{"class":78},[64,101946,2286],{"class":82},[64,101948,97],{"class":78},[64,101950,101951],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,101952,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,101954,101955,101957,101959,101961,101963,101965,101967,101969,101971,101973,101975,101977],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,101956,103],{"class":70},[64,101958,75],{"class":74},[64,101960,15250],{"class":357},[64,101962,112],{"class":78},[64,101964,285],{"class":115},[64,101966,8235],{"class":78},[64,101968,2642],{"class":115},[64,101970,112],{"class":78},[64,101972,5882],{"class":357},[64,101974,112],{"class":78},[64,101976,1269],{"class":115},[64,101978,471],{"class":78},[64,101980,101981,101983,101985,101987],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,101982,125],{"class":108},[64,101984,112],{"class":78},[64,101986,130],{"class":115},[64,101988,119],{"class":78},[20,101990,384],{},[55,101992,101993],{"className":57,"code":100152,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,101994,101995],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,101996,101997,101999,102001,102003,102005],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,101998,8884],{"class":78},[64,102000,83],{"class":82},[64,102002,86],{"class":78},[64,102004,89],{"class":82},[64,102006,8915],{"class":78},[428,102008,102010],{"id":102009},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102012,102013],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[55,102015,102017],{"className":57,"code":102016,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102018,102019,102051,102067,102071],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,102020,102021,102023,102025,102027,102029,102031,102033,102035,102037,102039,102041,102043,102045,102047,102049],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,102022,2384],{"class":70},[64,102024,75],{"class":74},[64,102026,10098],{"class":78},[64,102028,2686],{"class":320},[64,102030,36678],{"class":329},[64,102032,2686],{"class":320},[64,102034,86],{"class":78},[64,102036,3184],{"class":320},[64,102038,57767],{"class":329},[64,102040,2686],{"class":320},[64,102042,86],{"class":78},[64,102044,3184],{"class":320},[64,102046,57784],{"class":329},[64,102048,2686],{"class":320},[64,102050,8915],{"class":78},[64,102052,102053,102055,102057,102059,102061,102063,102065],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,102054,2412],{"class":70},[64,102056,75],{"class":74},[64,102058,10098],{"class":78},[64,102060,2686],{"class":320},[64,102062,57767],{"class":329},[64,102064,2686],{"class":320},[64,102066,8915],{"class":78},[64,102068,102069],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,102070,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,102072,102073,102075,102077,102079,102081,102083,102085,102087],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,102074,125],{"class":108},[64,102076,112],{"class":78},[64,102078,285],{"class":115},[64,102080,148],{"class":78},[64,102082,2642],{"class":115},[64,102084,112],{"class":78},[64,102086,1269],{"class":115},[64,102088,471],{"class":78},[20,102090,102091],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[428,102093,102095],{"id":102094},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102097,102098],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[55,102100,102102],{"className":57,"code":102101,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102103,102104,102132,102144,102148,102158],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,102105,102106,102108,102110,102112,102114,102116,102118,102120,102122,102124,102126,102128,102130],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,102107,2384],{"class":70},[64,102109,75],{"class":74},[64,102111,10098],{"class":78},[64,102113,83],{"class":82},[64,102115,86],{"class":78},[64,102117,5091],{"class":82},[64,102119,86],{"class":78},[64,102121,89],{"class":82},[64,102123,86],{"class":78},[64,102125,89],{"class":82},[64,102127,86],{"class":78},[64,102129,94],{"class":82},[64,102131,8915],{"class":78},[64,102133,102134,102136,102138,102140,102142],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,102135,2412],{"class":70},[64,102137,75],{"class":74},[64,102139,10098],{"class":78},[64,102141,1892],{"class":82},[64,102143,8915],{"class":78},[64,102145,102146],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,102147,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,102149,102150,102152,102154,102156],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,102151,125],{"class":108},[64,102153,112],{"class":78},[64,102155,285],{"class":115},[64,102157,119],{"class":78},[64,102159,102160,102162,102164,102166,102168,102170,102172,102174],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,102161,125],{"class":108},[64,102163,112],{"class":78},[64,102165,285],{"class":115},[64,102167,148],{"class":78},[64,102169,2642],{"class":115},[64,102171,112],{"class":78},[64,102173,1269],{"class":115},[64,102175,471],{"class":78},[20,102177,384],{},[55,102179,102181],{"className":57,"code":102180,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102182,102183,102199],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,102184,102185,102187,102189,102191,102193,102195,102197],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,102186,8884],{"class":78},[64,102188,83],{"class":82},[64,102190,86],{"class":78},[64,102192,89],{"class":82},[64,102194,86],{"class":78},[64,102196,94],{"class":82},[64,102198,8915],{"class":78},[64,102200,102201,102203,102205,102207,102209],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,102202,8884],{"class":78},[64,102204,83],{"class":82},[64,102206,86],{"class":78},[64,102208,89],{"class":82},[64,102210,8915],{"class":78},[20,102212,102213,102214,102216],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102215,100059],{}," runs.",[428,102218,102220],{"id":102219},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102222,102223],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[55,102225,102227],{"className":57,"code":102226,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102228,102229,102253,102273,102277,102287,102297,102315,102337],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,102230,102231,102233,102235,102237,102239,102241,102243,102245,102247,102249,102251],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,102232,2384],{"class":70},[64,102234,75],{"class":74},[64,102236,10098],{"class":78},[64,102238,83],{"class":82},[64,102240,86],{"class":78},[64,102242,89],{"class":82},[64,102244,86],{"class":78},[64,102246,94],{"class":82},[64,102248,86],{"class":78},[64,102250,2286],{"class":82},[64,102252,8915],{"class":78},[64,102254,102255,102257,102259,102261,102263,102265,102267,102269,102271],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,102256,2412],{"class":70},[64,102258,75],{"class":74},[64,102260,10098],{"class":78},[64,102262,1892],{"class":82},[64,102264,86],{"class":78},[64,102266,2286],{"class":82},[64,102268,86],{"class":78},[64,102270,1112],{"class":82},[64,102272,8915],{"class":78},[64,102274,102275],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,102276,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,102278,102279,102281,102283,102285],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,102280,125],{"class":108},[64,102282,112],{"class":78},[64,102284,285],{"class":115},[64,102286,119],{"class":78},[64,102288,102289,102291,102293,102295],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,102290,125],{"class":108},[64,102292,112],{"class":78},[64,102294,1269],{"class":115},[64,102296,119],{"class":78},[64,102298,102299,102301,102303,102305,102307,102309,102311,102313],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,102300,125],{"class":108},[64,102302,112],{"class":78},[64,102304,285],{"class":115},[64,102306,148],{"class":78},[64,102308,2642],{"class":115},[64,102310,112],{"class":78},[64,102312,1269],{"class":115},[64,102314,471],{"class":78},[64,102316,102317,102319,102321,102323,102325,102327,102329,102331,102333,102335],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,102318,125],{"class":108},[64,102320,112],{"class":78},[64,102322,3052],{"class":357},[64,102324,112],{"class":78},[64,102326,285],{"class":115},[64,102328,148],{"class":78},[64,102330,2642],{"class":115},[64,102332,112],{"class":78},[64,102334,1269],{"class":115},[64,102336,2744],{"class":78},[64,102338,102339,102341,102343,102345,102347,102349,102351,102353,102355,102357],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,102340,125],{"class":108},[64,102342,112],{"class":78},[64,102344,10771],{"class":108},[64,102346,112],{"class":78},[64,102348,285],{"class":115},[64,102350,148],{"class":78},[64,102352,2642],{"class":115},[64,102354,112],{"class":78},[64,102356,1269],{"class":115},[64,102358,2744],{"class":78},[20,102360,10780],{},[30,102362,102363,102366,102369,102372],{},[33,102364,102365],{},"what is in each set",[33,102367,102368],{},"what result Python creates",[33,102370,102371],{},"that the result is a set",[33,102373,102374],{},"how many items remain",[44552,102376],{},[50,102378,1651],{"id":1650},[428,102380,12317,102382,102384],{"id":102381},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102383,100059],{}," change the original set?",[20,102386,102387],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[428,102389,1694,102391,896,102393,1677],{"id":102390},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102392,100059],{},[15,102394,100970],{},[20,102396,102397,102399,102400,102402],{},[15,102398,100059],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102401,100970],{}," modifies the original set.",[428,102404,27952,102406,102408],{"id":102405},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102407,100059],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102410,102411],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[428,102413,102415],{"id":102414},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102417,102418],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44552,102420],{},[50,102422,1717],{"id":1716},[30,102424,102425,102429,102437],{},[33,102426,102427],{},[285,102428,95973],{"href":97144},[33,102430,102431],{},[285,102432,96459,102434,10349],{"href":102433},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102435,102436],{},"intersection()",[33,102438,102439],{},[285,102440,96459,102442,10349],{"href":102441},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102443,102444],{},"union()",[1751,102446,102447],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":102449},[102450,102451,102453,102454,102455,102456,102458,102463,102465,102473,102482],{"id":52,"depth":100,"text":53},{"id":100181,"depth":100,"text":102452},"What difference() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":17036,"depth":100,"text":17037},{"id":11085,"depth":100,"text":11086},{"id":100800,"depth":100,"text":102457},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":100965,"depth":100,"text":102459,"children":102460},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102461,102462],{"id":2642,"depth":122,"text":100059},{"id":101118,"depth":122,"text":100970},{"id":101237,"depth":100,"text":102464},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":1022,"depth":100,"text":1023,"children":102466},[102467,102468,102469,102470,102471,102472],{"id":101507,"depth":122,"text":101508},{"id":101695,"depth":122,"text":101696},{"id":101846,"depth":122,"text":101847},{"id":102009,"depth":122,"text":102010},{"id":102094,"depth":122,"text":102095},{"id":102219,"depth":122,"text":102220},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":102474},[102475,102477,102479,102481],{"id":102381,"depth":122,"text":102476},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102390,"depth":122,"text":102478},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102405,"depth":122,"text":102480},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102414,"depth":122,"text":102415},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100051,"description":102483},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102490,"title":102491,"body":102492,"description":104187,"extension":1791,"meta":104188,"navigation":346,"path":104189,"seo":104190,"stem":104191,"__hash__":104192},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102493,"toc":104149},[102494,102500,102506,102519,102521,102622,102624,102669,102674,102679,102683,102697,102700,102708,102710,102729,102747,102751,102804,102806,102827,102834,102839,102866,102873,102972,102974,103011,103019,103023,103029,103032,103105,103107,103115,103120,103189,103191,103216,103218,103221,103324,103326,103387,103390,103394,103400,103473,103475,103508,103511,103514,103554,103560,103583,103588,103592,103603,103606,103608,103612,103618,103620,103677,103687,103689,103742,103749,103754,103822,103830,103836,103840,103842,103881,103886,103935,103939,103942,103944,103983,103986,103988,103993,104050,104052,104066,104068,104072,104078,104083,104088,104095,104106,104112,104117,104119,104146],[10,102495,95845,102497,10932],{"id":102496},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102498,102499],{},"discard()",[20,102501,102502,102505],{},[15,102503,102504],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102507,102508,102509,2020,102514,13669,102516,102518],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[285,102510,102511],{"href":97854},[15,102512,102513],{},"set.remove()",[15,102515,102499],{},[221,102517,1138],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[50,102520,1833],{"id":1832},[55,102522,102524],{"className":57,"code":102523,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102525,102526,102558,102577,102587,102591,102612],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,102527,102528,102530,102532,102534,102536,102538,102540,102542,102544,102546,102548,102550,102552,102554,102556],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,102529,12690],{"class":70},[64,102531,75],{"class":74},[64,102533,10098],{"class":78},[64,102535,2686],{"class":320},[64,102537,12707],{"class":329},[64,102539,2686],{"class":320},[64,102541,86],{"class":78},[64,102543,3184],{"class":320},[64,102545,12724],{"class":329},[64,102547,2686],{"class":320},[64,102549,86],{"class":78},[64,102551,3184],{"class":320},[64,102553,17074],{"class":329},[64,102555,2686],{"class":320},[64,102557,8915],{"class":78},[64,102559,102560,102562,102564,102567,102569,102571,102573,102575],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,102561,17121],{"class":70},[64,102563,148],{"class":78},[64,102565,102566],{"class":115},"discard",[64,102568,112],{"class":78},[64,102570,2686],{"class":320},[64,102572,12724],{"class":329},[64,102574,2686],{"class":320},[64,102576,119],{"class":78},[64,102578,102579,102581,102583,102585],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,102580,125],{"class":108},[64,102582,112],{"class":78},[64,102584,17121],{"class":115},[64,102586,119],{"class":78},[64,102588,102589],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,102590,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,102592,102593,102595,102597,102599,102601,102603,102605,102607,102609],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,102594,17121],{"class":70},[64,102596,148],{"class":78},[64,102598,102566],{"class":115},[64,102600,112],{"class":78},[64,102602,2686],{"class":320},[64,102604,22145],{"class":329},[64,102606,2686],{"class":320},[64,102608,133],{"class":78},[64,102610,102611],{"class":136},"  # no error if missing\n",[64,102613,102614,102616,102618,102620],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,102615,125],{"class":108},[64,102617,112],{"class":78},[64,102619,17121],{"class":115},[64,102621,119],{"class":78},[20,102623,29654],{},[55,102625,102627],{"className":57,"code":102626,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102628,102629,102649],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,102630,102631,102633,102635,102637,102639,102641,102643,102645,102647],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,102632,8884],{"class":78},[64,102634,333],{"class":320},[64,102636,12707],{"class":329},[64,102638,333],{"class":320},[64,102640,86],{"class":78},[64,102642,326],{"class":320},[64,102644,17074],{"class":329},[64,102646,333],{"class":320},[64,102648,8915],{"class":78},[64,102650,102651,102653,102655,102657,102659,102661,102663,102665,102667],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,102652,8884],{"class":78},[64,102654,333],{"class":320},[64,102656,12707],{"class":329},[64,102658,333],{"class":320},[64,102660,86],{"class":78},[64,102662,326],{"class":320},[64,102664,17074],{"class":329},[64,102666,333],{"class":320},[64,102668,8915],{"class":78},[20,102670,1923,102671,102673],{},[15,102672,102499],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[50,102675,152,102677,155],{"id":102676},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102678,102504],{},[20,102680,102681,160],{},[15,102682,102499],{},[30,102684,102685,102688,102691,102693],{},[33,102686,102687],{},"Removes one item from a set",[33,102689,102690],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[33,102692,95960],{},[33,102694,11034,102695],{},[15,102696,258],{},[20,102698,102699],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102701,95969,102702,212,102705,148],{},[285,102703,102704],{"href":98436},"what a set is in Python",[285,102706,102707],{"href":97528},"how to create a set",[50,102709,1988],{"id":1987},[55,102711,102713],{"className":57,"code":102712,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102714,102715],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,102716,102717,102719,102721,102723,102725,102727],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,102718,15283],{"class":70},[64,102720,148],{"class":78},[64,102722,102566],{"class":115},[64,102724,112],{"class":78},[64,102726,2302],{"class":115},[64,102728,119],{"class":78},[30,102730,102731,102736,102741,102744],{},[33,102732,102733,102735],{},[15,102734,15283],{}," is the set you want to change",[33,102737,102738,102740],{},[15,102739,2302],{}," is the item you want to remove",[33,102742,102743],{},"The set must already exist",[33,102745,102746],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[428,102748,102750],{"id":102749},"example","Example",[55,102752,102754],{"className":57,"code":102753,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102755,102756,102780,102794],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,102757,102758,102760,102762,102764,102766,102768,102770,102772,102774,102776,102778],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,102759,71],{"class":70},[64,102761,75],{"class":74},[64,102763,10098],{"class":78},[64,102765,83],{"class":82},[64,102767,86],{"class":78},[64,102769,89],{"class":82},[64,102771,86],{"class":78},[64,102773,94],{"class":82},[64,102775,86],{"class":78},[64,102777,2286],{"class":82},[64,102779,8915],{"class":78},[64,102781,102782,102784,102786,102788,102790,102792],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,102783,116],{"class":70},[64,102785,148],{"class":78},[64,102787,102566],{"class":115},[64,102789,112],{"class":78},[64,102791,1892],{"class":82},[64,102793,119],{"class":78},[64,102795,102796,102798,102800,102802],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,102797,125],{"class":108},[64,102799,112],{"class":78},[64,102801,116],{"class":115},[64,102803,119],{"class":78},[20,102805,384],{},[55,102807,102809],{"className":57,"code":102808,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102810,102811],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,102812,102813,102815,102817,102819,102821,102823,102825],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,102814,8884],{"class":78},[64,102816,83],{"class":82},[64,102818,86],{"class":78},[64,102820,89],{"class":82},[64,102822,86],{"class":78},[64,102824,2286],{"class":82},[64,102826,8915],{"class":78},[50,102828,102830,102831,102833],{"id":102829},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,102832,102499],{}," different",[20,102835,102836,102838],{},[15,102837,102499],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[30,102840,102841,102854,102863],{},[33,102842,102843,102844,2020,102848,102850,102851,102853],{},"Unlike ",[285,102845,102846],{"href":97854},[15,102847,55168],{},[15,102849,102499],{}," does not raise ",[15,102852,19307],{}," when the item is missing",[33,102855,102843,102856,2020,102860,102862],{},[285,102857,102858],{"href":97859},[15,102859,12376],{},[15,102861,102499],{}," removes a specific item",[33,102864,102865],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[428,102867,102869,10193,102871],{"id":102868},"discard-vs-remove",[15,102870,102499],{},[15,102872,55168],{},[55,102874,102876],{"className":57,"code":102875,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,102877,102878,102902,102906,102927,102937,102941,102962],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,102879,102880,102882,102884,102886,102888,102890,102892,102894,102896,102898,102900],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,102881,7379],{"class":70},[64,102883,75],{"class":74},[64,102885,10098],{"class":78},[64,102887,2686],{"class":320},[64,102889,576],{"class":329},[64,102891,2686],{"class":320},[64,102893,86],{"class":78},[64,102895,3184],{"class":320},[64,102897,585],{"class":329},[64,102899,2686],{"class":320},[64,102901,8915],{"class":78},[64,102903,102904],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,102905,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,102907,102908,102910,102912,102914,102916,102918,102920,102922,102924],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,102909,7410],{"class":70},[64,102911,148],{"class":78},[64,102913,102566],{"class":115},[64,102915,112],{"class":78},[64,102917,2686],{"class":320},[64,102919,32847],{"class":329},[64,102921,2686],{"class":320},[64,102923,133],{"class":78},[64,102925,102926],{"class":136},"   # no error\n",[64,102928,102929,102931,102933,102935],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,102930,125],{"class":108},[64,102932,112],{"class":78},[64,102934,7410],{"class":115},[64,102936,119],{"class":78},[64,102938,102939],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,102940,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,102942,102943,102945,102947,102949,102951,102953,102955,102957,102959],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,102944,7410],{"class":70},[64,102946,148],{"class":78},[64,102948,34422],{"class":115},[64,102950,112],{"class":78},[64,102952,2686],{"class":320},[64,102954,585],{"class":329},[64,102956,2686],{"class":320},[64,102958,133],{"class":78},[64,102960,102961],{"class":136},"    # removes existing item\n",[64,102963,102964,102966,102968,102970],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,102965,125],{"class":108},[64,102967,112],{"class":78},[64,102969,7410],{"class":115},[64,102971,119],{"class":78},[20,102973,384],{},[55,102975,102977],{"className":57,"code":102976,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,102978,102979,102999],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,102980,102981,102983,102985,102987,102989,102991,102993,102995,102997],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,102982,8884],{"class":78},[64,102984,333],{"class":320},[64,102986,576],{"class":329},[64,102988,333],{"class":320},[64,102990,86],{"class":78},[64,102992,326],{"class":320},[64,102994,585],{"class":329},[64,102996,333],{"class":320},[64,102998,8915],{"class":78},[64,103000,103001,103003,103005,103007,103009],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,103002,8884],{"class":78},[64,103004,333],{"class":320},[64,103006,576],{"class":329},[64,103008,333],{"class":320},[64,103010,8915],{"class":78},[20,103012,39976,103013,103015,103016,103018],{},[15,103014,55168],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[285,103017,10684],{"href":10683}," for more help with that case.",[50,103020,103022],{"id":103021},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103024,103025,44,103027,148],{},[15,103026,102499],{},[15,103028,258],{},[20,103030,103031],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[55,103033,103035],{"className":57,"code":103034,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103036,103037,103069,103091,103095],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,103038,103039,103041,103043,103045,103047,103049,103051,103053,103055,103057,103059,103061,103063,103065,103067],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103040,12690],{"class":70},[64,103042,75],{"class":74},[64,103044,10098],{"class":78},[64,103046,2686],{"class":320},[64,103048,12707],{"class":329},[64,103050,2686],{"class":320},[64,103052,86],{"class":78},[64,103054,3184],{"class":320},[64,103056,12724],{"class":329},[64,103058,2686],{"class":320},[64,103060,86],{"class":78},[64,103062,3184],{"class":320},[64,103064,17074],{"class":329},[64,103066,2686],{"class":320},[64,103068,8915],{"class":78},[64,103070,103071,103073,103075,103077,103079,103081,103083,103085,103087,103089],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,103072,103],{"class":70},[64,103074,75],{"class":74},[64,103076,12738],{"class":70},[64,103078,148],{"class":78},[64,103080,102566],{"class":115},[64,103082,112],{"class":78},[64,103084,2686],{"class":320},[64,103086,12724],{"class":329},[64,103088,2686],{"class":320},[64,103090,119],{"class":78},[64,103092,103093],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,103094,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,103096,103097,103099,103101,103103],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,103098,125],{"class":108},[64,103100,112],{"class":78},[64,103102,130],{"class":115},[64,103104,119],{"class":78},[20,103106,384],{},[55,103108,103109],{"className":57,"code":11420,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,103110,103111],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,103112,103113],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103114,11420],{"class":338},[20,103116,103117,103118,160],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103119,17121],{},[55,103121,103123],{"className":57,"code":103122,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103124,103125,103157,103175,103179],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,103126,103127,103129,103131,103133,103135,103137,103139,103141,103143,103145,103147,103149,103151,103153,103155],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103128,12690],{"class":70},[64,103130,75],{"class":74},[64,103132,10098],{"class":78},[64,103134,2686],{"class":320},[64,103136,12707],{"class":329},[64,103138,2686],{"class":320},[64,103140,86],{"class":78},[64,103142,3184],{"class":320},[64,103144,12724],{"class":329},[64,103146,2686],{"class":320},[64,103148,86],{"class":78},[64,103150,3184],{"class":320},[64,103152,17074],{"class":329},[64,103154,2686],{"class":320},[64,103156,8915],{"class":78},[64,103158,103159,103161,103163,103165,103167,103169,103171,103173],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,103160,17121],{"class":70},[64,103162,148],{"class":78},[64,103164,102566],{"class":115},[64,103166,112],{"class":78},[64,103168,2686],{"class":320},[64,103170,12724],{"class":329},[64,103172,2686],{"class":320},[64,103174,119],{"class":78},[64,103176,103177],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,103178,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,103180,103181,103183,103185,103187],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,103182,125],{"class":108},[64,103184,112],{"class":78},[64,103186,17121],{"class":115},[64,103188,119],{"class":78},[20,103190,384],{},[55,103192,103194],{"className":57,"code":103193,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103195,103196],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,103197,103198,103200,103202,103204,103206,103208,103210,103212,103214],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103199,8884],{"class":78},[64,103201,333],{"class":320},[64,103203,12707],{"class":329},[64,103205,333],{"class":320},[64,103207,86],{"class":78},[64,103209,326],{"class":320},[64,103211,17074],{"class":329},[64,103213,333],{"class":320},[64,103215,8915],{"class":78},[50,103217,11086],{"id":11085},[20,103219,103220],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[55,103222,103224],{"className":57,"code":103223,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103225,103226,103258,103262,103280,103284,103302,103306],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,103227,103228,103230,103232,103234,103236,103238,103240,103242,103244,103246,103248,103250,103252,103254,103256],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103229,35869],{"class":70},[64,103231,75],{"class":74},[64,103233,10098],{"class":78},[64,103235,2686],{"class":320},[64,103237,576],{"class":329},[64,103239,2686],{"class":320},[64,103241,86],{"class":78},[64,103243,3184],{"class":320},[64,103245,585],{"class":329},[64,103247,2686],{"class":320},[64,103249,86],{"class":78},[64,103251,3184],{"class":320},[64,103253,32847],{"class":329},[64,103255,2686],{"class":320},[64,103257,8915],{"class":78},[64,103259,103260],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,103261,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,103263,103264,103266,103268,103270,103272,103274,103276,103278],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,103265,125],{"class":108},[64,103267,112],{"class":78},[64,103269,2686],{"class":320},[64,103271,11175],{"class":329},[64,103273,2686],{"class":320},[64,103275,86],{"class":78},[64,103277,52490],{"class":115},[64,103279,119],{"class":78},[64,103281,103282],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,103283,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,103285,103286,103288,103290,103292,103294,103296,103298,103300],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,103287,35921],{"class":70},[64,103289,148],{"class":78},[64,103291,102566],{"class":115},[64,103293,112],{"class":78},[64,103295,2686],{"class":320},[64,103297,585],{"class":329},[64,103299,2686],{"class":320},[64,103301,119],{"class":78},[64,103303,103304],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,103305,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,103307,103308,103310,103312,103314,103316,103318,103320,103322],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,103309,125],{"class":108},[64,103311,112],{"class":78},[64,103313,2686],{"class":320},[64,103315,11215],{"class":329},[64,103317,2686],{"class":320},[64,103319,86],{"class":78},[64,103321,52490],{"class":115},[64,103323,119],{"class":78},[20,103325,384],{},[55,103327,103329],{"className":57,"code":103328,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103330,103331,103363],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,103332,103333,103335,103337,103339,103341,103343,103345,103347,103349,103351,103353,103355,103357,103359,103361],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103334,11235],{"class":70},[64,103336,160],{"class":78},[64,103338,10098],{"class":78},[64,103340,333],{"class":320},[64,103342,585],{"class":329},[64,103344,333],{"class":320},[64,103346,86],{"class":78},[64,103348,326],{"class":320},[64,103350,576],{"class":329},[64,103352,333],{"class":320},[64,103354,86],{"class":78},[64,103356,326],{"class":320},[64,103358,32847],{"class":329},[64,103360,333],{"class":320},[64,103362,8915],{"class":78},[64,103364,103365,103367,103369,103371,103373,103375,103377,103379,103381,103383,103385],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,103366,11288],{"class":70},[64,103368,160],{"class":78},[64,103370,10098],{"class":78},[64,103372,333],{"class":320},[64,103374,576],{"class":329},[64,103376,333],{"class":320},[64,103378,86],{"class":78},[64,103380,326],{"class":320},[64,103382,32847],{"class":329},[64,103384,333],{"class":320},[64,103386,8915],{"class":78},[20,103388,103389],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[50,103391,103393],{"id":103392},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103395,103396,103397,103399],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103398,102499],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[55,103401,103403],{"className":57,"code":103402,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103404,103405,103437,103441,103459,103463],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,103406,103407,103409,103411,103413,103415,103417,103419,103421,103423,103425,103427,103429,103431,103433,103435],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103408,35869],{"class":70},[64,103410,75],{"class":74},[64,103412,10098],{"class":78},[64,103414,2686],{"class":320},[64,103416,576],{"class":329},[64,103418,2686],{"class":320},[64,103420,86],{"class":78},[64,103422,3184],{"class":320},[64,103424,585],{"class":329},[64,103426,2686],{"class":320},[64,103428,86],{"class":78},[64,103430,3184],{"class":320},[64,103432,32847],{"class":329},[64,103434,2686],{"class":320},[64,103436,8915],{"class":78},[64,103438,103439],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,103440,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,103442,103443,103445,103447,103449,103451,103453,103455,103457],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,103444,35921],{"class":70},[64,103446,148],{"class":78},[64,103448,102566],{"class":115},[64,103450,112],{"class":78},[64,103452,2686],{"class":320},[64,103454,22154],{"class":329},[64,103456,2686],{"class":320},[64,103458,119],{"class":78},[64,103460,103461],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,103462,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,103464,103465,103467,103469,103471],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,103466,125],{"class":108},[64,103468,112],{"class":78},[64,103470,35921],{"class":115},[64,103472,119],{"class":78},[20,103474,384],{},[55,103476,103478],{"className":57,"code":103477,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103479,103480],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,103481,103482,103484,103486,103488,103490,103492,103494,103496,103498,103500,103502,103504,103506],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103483,8884],{"class":78},[64,103485,333],{"class":320},[64,103487,585],{"class":329},[64,103489,333],{"class":320},[64,103491,86],{"class":78},[64,103493,326],{"class":320},[64,103495,576],{"class":329},[64,103497,333],{"class":320},[64,103499,86],{"class":78},[64,103501,326],{"class":320},[64,103503,32847],{"class":329},[64,103505,333],{"class":320},[64,103507,8915],{"class":78},[20,103509,103510],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103512,103513],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[55,103515,103517],{"className":57,"code":103516,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103518,103519,103535],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,103520,103521,103523,103525,103527,103529,103531,103533],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103522,6595],{"class":368},[64,103524,3184],{"class":320},[64,103526,22154],{"class":329},[64,103528,2686],{"class":320},[64,103530,20794],{"class":74},[64,103532,52490],{"class":70},[64,103534,5989],{"class":78},[64,103536,103537,103540,103542,103544,103546,103548,103550,103552],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,103538,103539],{"class":70},"    fruits",[64,103541,148],{"class":78},[64,103543,34422],{"class":115},[64,103545,112],{"class":78},[64,103547,2686],{"class":320},[64,103549,22154],{"class":329},[64,103551,2686],{"class":320},[64,103553,119],{"class":78},[20,103555,103556,103557,103559],{},"With ",[15,103558,102499],{},", you can simply write:",[55,103561,103563],{"className":57,"code":103562,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103564,103565],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,103566,103567,103569,103571,103573,103575,103577,103579,103581],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103568,35921],{"class":70},[64,103570,148],{"class":78},[64,103572,102566],{"class":115},[64,103574,112],{"class":78},[64,103576,2686],{"class":320},[64,103578,22154],{"class":329},[64,103580,2686],{"class":320},[64,103582,119],{"class":78},[50,103584,1471,103586],{"id":103585},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103587,102499],{},[20,103589,1923,103590,10209],{},[15,103591,102499],{},[30,103593,103594,103597,103600],{},[33,103595,103596],{},"Missing values are normal",[33,103598,103599],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[33,103601,103602],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103604,103605],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[50,103607,2661],{"id":2660},[20,103609,8050,103610,148],{},[15,103611,102499],{},[428,103613,8056,103615,103617],{"id":103614},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103616,102499],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103619,1030],{},[55,103621,103623],{"className":57,"code":103622,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103624,103625,103645,103663,103667],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,103626,103627,103629,103631,103633,103635,103637,103639,103641,103643],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103628,71],{"class":70},[64,103630,75],{"class":74},[64,103632,10098],{"class":78},[64,103634,83],{"class":82},[64,103636,86],{"class":78},[64,103638,89],{"class":82},[64,103640,86],{"class":78},[64,103642,94],{"class":82},[64,103644,8915],{"class":78},[64,103646,103647,103649,103651,103653,103655,103657,103659,103661],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,103648,71],{"class":70},[64,103650,75],{"class":74},[64,103652,762],{"class":70},[64,103654,148],{"class":78},[64,103656,102566],{"class":115},[64,103658,112],{"class":78},[64,103660,815],{"class":82},[64,103662,119],{"class":78},[64,103664,103665],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,103666,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,103668,103669,103671,103673,103675],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,103670,125],{"class":108},[64,103672,112],{"class":78},[64,103674,116],{"class":115},[64,103676,119],{"class":78},[20,103678,103679,41789,103681,8205,103683,44,103685,148],{},[15,103680,116],{},[15,103682,258],{},[15,103684,102499],{},[15,103686,258],{},[20,103688,18460],{},[55,103690,103692],{"className":57,"code":103691,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103693,103694,103714,103728,103732],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,103695,103696,103698,103700,103702,103704,103706,103708,103710,103712],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103697,71],{"class":70},[64,103699,75],{"class":74},[64,103701,10098],{"class":78},[64,103703,83],{"class":82},[64,103705,86],{"class":78},[64,103707,89],{"class":82},[64,103709,86],{"class":78},[64,103711,94],{"class":82},[64,103713,8915],{"class":78},[64,103715,103716,103718,103720,103722,103724,103726],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,103717,116],{"class":70},[64,103719,148],{"class":78},[64,103721,102566],{"class":115},[64,103723,112],{"class":78},[64,103725,815],{"class":82},[64,103727,119],{"class":78},[64,103729,103730],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,103731,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,103733,103734,103736,103738,103740],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,103735,125],{"class":108},[64,103737,112],{"class":78},[64,103739,116],{"class":115},[64,103741,119],{"class":78},[428,103743,36835,103745,8309,103747],{"id":103744},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103746,102499],{},[15,103748,55168],{},[20,103750,103751,103752,148],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103753,102499],{},[55,103755,103757],{"className":57,"code":103756,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103758,103759,103791,103812],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,103760,103761,103763,103765,103767,103769,103771,103773,103775,103777,103779,103781,103783,103785,103787,103789],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103762,35720],{"class":70},[64,103764,75],{"class":74},[64,103766,10098],{"class":78},[64,103768,2686],{"class":320},[64,103770,285],{"class":329},[64,103772,2686],{"class":320},[64,103774,86],{"class":78},[64,103776,3184],{"class":320},[64,103778,1269],{"class":329},[64,103780,2686],{"class":320},[64,103782,86],{"class":78},[64,103784,3184],{"class":320},[64,103786,9346],{"class":329},[64,103788,2686],{"class":320},[64,103790,8915],{"class":78},[64,103792,103793,103795,103797,103799,103801,103803,103805,103807,103809],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,103794,35773],{"class":70},[64,103796,148],{"class":78},[64,103798,102566],{"class":115},[64,103800,112],{"class":78},[64,103802,2686],{"class":320},[64,103804,21698],{"class":329},[64,103806,2686],{"class":320},[64,103808,133],{"class":78},[64,103810,103811],{"class":136},"   # safe\n",[64,103813,103814,103816,103818,103820],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,103815,125],{"class":108},[64,103817,112],{"class":78},[64,103819,35773],{"class":115},[64,103821,119],{"class":78},[20,103823,103824,103825,45544,103828,148],{},"If you use ",[15,103826,103827],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,103829,19307],{},[428,103831,25239,103833,103835],{"id":103832},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,103834,102499],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,103837,103838,101852],{},[15,103839,102499],{},[20,103841,16261],{},[55,103843,103845],{"className":57,"code":103844,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,103846,103847,103867],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,103848,103849,103851,103853,103855,103857,103859,103861,103863,103865],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103850,7379],{"class":70},[64,103852,75],{"class":74},[64,103854,79],{"class":78},[64,103856,83],{"class":82},[64,103858,86],{"class":78},[64,103860,89],{"class":82},[64,103862,86],{"class":78},[64,103864,94],{"class":82},[64,103866,97],{"class":78},[64,103868,103869,103871,103873,103875,103877,103879],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,103870,7410],{"class":70},[64,103872,148],{"class":78},[64,103874,102566],{"class":115},[64,103876,112],{"class":78},[64,103878,815],{"class":82},[64,103880,119],{"class":78},[20,103882,103883,103884,160],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,103885,102499],{},[55,103887,103889],{"className":57,"code":103888,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,103890,103891,103911,103925],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,103892,103893,103895,103897,103899,103901,103903,103905,103907,103909],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103894,7379],{"class":70},[64,103896,75],{"class":74},[64,103898,10098],{"class":78},[64,103900,83],{"class":82},[64,103902,86],{"class":78},[64,103904,89],{"class":82},[64,103906,86],{"class":78},[64,103908,94],{"class":82},[64,103910,8915],{"class":78},[64,103912,103913,103915,103917,103919,103921,103923],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,103914,7410],{"class":70},[64,103916,148],{"class":78},[64,103918,102566],{"class":115},[64,103920,112],{"class":78},[64,103922,815],{"class":82},[64,103924,119],{"class":78},[64,103926,103927,103929,103931,103933],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,103928,125],{"class":108},[64,103930,112],{"class":78},[64,103932,7410],{"class":115},[64,103934,119],{"class":78},[428,103936,103938],{"id":103937},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,103940,103941],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,103943,2668],{},[55,103945,103947],{"className":57,"code":103946,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,103948,103949,103969],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,103950,103951,103953,103955,103957,103959,103961,103963,103965,103967],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,103952,8771],{"class":70},[64,103954,75],{"class":74},[64,103956,10098],{"class":78},[64,103958,83],{"class":82},[64,103960,86],{"class":78},[64,103962,89],{"class":82},[64,103964,86],{"class":78},[64,103966,94],{"class":82},[64,103968,8915],{"class":78},[64,103970,103971,103973,103975,103977,103979,103981],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,103972,8810],{"class":70},[64,103974,148],{"class":78},[64,103976,102566],{"class":115},[64,103978,354],{"class":78},[64,103980,815],{"class":82},[64,103982,381],{"class":78},[20,103984,103985],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[50,103987,8477],{"id":8476},[20,103989,8480,103990,103992],{},[15,103991,102499],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[55,103994,103996],{"className":57,"code":103995,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,103997,103998,104008,104022,104036],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,103999,104000,104002,104004,104006],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,104001,125],{"class":108},[64,104003,112],{"class":78},[64,104005,15283],{"class":115},[64,104007,119],{"class":78},[64,104009,104010,104012,104014,104016,104018,104020],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,104011,125],{"class":108},[64,104013,112],{"class":78},[64,104015,3052],{"class":357},[64,104017,112],{"class":78},[64,104019,15283],{"class":115},[64,104021,471],{"class":78},[64,104023,104024,104026,104028,104030,104032,104034],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,104025,125],{"class":108},[64,104027,112],{"class":78},[64,104029,2276],{"class":115},[64,104031,375],{"class":368},[64,104033,96569],{"class":115},[64,104035,119],{"class":78},[64,104037,104038,104040,104042,104044,104046,104048],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,104039,31778],{"class":108},[64,104041,112],{"class":78},[64,104043,5882],{"class":357},[64,104045,148],{"class":78},[64,104047,102566],{"class":24372},[64,104049,119],{"class":78},[20,104051,10780],{},[30,104053,104054,104057,104060,104063],{},[33,104055,104056],{},"What is currently in the set",[33,104058,104059],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[33,104061,104062],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[33,104064,104065],{},"How Python documents the method",[50,104067,1651],{"id":1650},[428,104069,104071],{"id":104070},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104073,104074,104075,104077],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104076,102499],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[428,104079,1655,104081,12329],{"id":104080},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104082,102504],{},[20,104084,1661,104085,104087],{},[15,104086,258],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[428,104089,1694,104091,896,104093,1677],{"id":104090},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104092,102499],{},[15,104094,55168],{},[20,104096,104097,104098,26161,104100,104102,104103,104105],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104099,55168],{},[15,104101,19307],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104104,102499],{}," does not.",[428,104107,27952,104109,104111],{"id":104108},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104110,102499],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104113,46001,104114,104116],{},[15,104115,102499],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[50,104118,1717],{"id":1716},[30,104120,104121,104127,104133,104138,104142],{},[33,104122,104123],{},[285,104124,96459,104125,10349],{"href":97854},[15,104126,55168],{},[33,104128,104129],{},[285,104130,96459,104131,10349],{"href":97859},[15,104132,12376],{},[33,104134,104135],{},[285,104136,104137],{"href":97528},"Python set: creating a set",[33,104139,104140],{},[285,104141,99994],{"href":98436},[33,104143,104144],{},[285,104145,10872],{"href":10683},[1751,104147,104148],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":104150},[104151,104152,104154,104157,104162,104163,104164,104165,104167,104176,104177,104186],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":102676,"depth":100,"text":104153},"What set.discard() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988,"children":104155},[104156],{"id":102749,"depth":122,"text":102750},{"id":102829,"depth":100,"text":104158,"children":104159},"What makes discard() different",[104160],{"id":102868,"depth":122,"text":104161},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103021,"depth":100,"text":103022},{"id":11085,"depth":100,"text":11086},{"id":103392,"depth":100,"text":103393},{"id":103585,"depth":100,"text":104166},"When to use discard()",{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661,"children":104168},[104169,104171,104173,104175],{"id":103614,"depth":122,"text":104170},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103744,"depth":122,"text":104172},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103832,"depth":122,"text":104174},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":103937,"depth":122,"text":103938},{"id":8476,"depth":100,"text":8477},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":104178},[104179,104180,104182,104184],{"id":104070,"depth":122,"text":104071},{"id":104080,"depth":122,"text":104181},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104090,"depth":122,"text":104183},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104108,"depth":122,"text":104185},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102491,"description":104187},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104194,"title":104195,"body":104196,"description":106202,"extension":1791,"meta":106203,"navigation":346,"path":106204,"seo":106205,"stem":106206,"__hash__":106207},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104197,"toc":106160},[104198,104201,104209,104214,104225,104227,104282,104286,104306,104311,104315,104320,104322,104336,104338,104413,104415,104448,104453,104458,104460,104462,104477,104480,104488,104493,104508,104510,104599,104601,104690,104696,104700,104702,104740,104742,104766,104769,104784,104786,104841,104843,104876,104878,104883,104887,104891,104896,104961,104963,104983,104989,104993,105050,105052,105073,105077,105082,105127,105129,105162,105165,105169,105202,105204,105233,105237,105241,105244,105246,105265,105267,105313,105318,105332,105334,105365,105370,105373,105417,105419,105447,105451,105455,105471,105474,105539,105541,105553,105556,105560,105563,105568,105596,105598,105616,105622,105661,105663,105681,105687,105716,105718,105736,105739,105756,105758,105763,105767,105770,105796,105803,105808,105823,105832,105836,105839,105870,105876,105879,105888,105891,105893,105895,105953,105956,105981,105983,105987,105990,105994,106002,106006,106009,106013,106016,106018,106041,106043,106084,106091,106099,106102,106133,106135,106157],[10,104199,104195],{"id":104200},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104202,8728,104203,104205,104206,148],{},[15,104204,277],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[221,104207,104208],{},"unique values only",[20,104210,35034,104211,104213],{},[15,104212,277],{}," to:",[30,104215,104216,104219,104222],{},[33,104217,104218],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[33,104220,104221],{},"check whether a value exists",[33,104223,104224],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[50,104226,1833],{"id":1832},[55,104228,104230],{"className":57,"code":104229,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104231,104232,104256,104271],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,104233,104234,104236,104238,104240,104242,104244,104246,104248,104250,104252,104254],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,104235,71],{"class":70},[64,104237,75],{"class":74},[64,104239,79],{"class":78},[64,104241,83],{"class":82},[64,104243,86],{"class":78},[64,104245,89],{"class":82},[64,104247,86],{"class":78},[64,104249,89],{"class":82},[64,104251,86],{"class":78},[64,104253,94],{"class":82},[64,104255,97],{"class":78},[64,104257,104258,104261,104263,104265,104267,104269],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,104259,104260],{"class":70},"unique_numbers ",[64,104262,75],{"class":74},[64,104264,15250],{"class":357},[64,104266,112],{"class":78},[64,104268,116],{"class":115},[64,104270,119],{"class":78},[64,104272,104273,104275,104277,104280],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,104274,125],{"class":108},[64,104276,112],{"class":78},[64,104278,104279],{"class":115},"unique_numbers",[64,104281,119],{"class":78},[20,104283,104284],{},[221,104285,384],{},[55,104287,104288],{"className":57,"code":96252,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,104289,104290],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,104291,104292,104294,104296,104298,104300,104302,104304],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,104293,8884],{"class":78},[64,104295,83],{"class":82},[64,104297,86],{"class":78},[64,104299,89],{"class":82},[64,104301,86],{"class":78},[64,104303,94],{"class":82},[64,104305,8915],{"class":78},[20,104307,1923,104308,104310],{},[15,104309,277],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[50,104312,104314],{"id":104313},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104316,104317,104319],{},[15,104318,277],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104321,30165],{},[30,104323,104324,104327,104330,104333],{},[33,104325,104326],{},"A set stores unique items only",[33,104328,104329],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[33,104331,104332],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[33,104334,104335],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104337,916],{},[55,104339,104341],{"className":57,"code":104340,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104342,104343,104383,104398,104402],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,104344,104345,104347,104349,104351,104353,104355,104357,104359,104361,104363,104365,104367,104369,104371,104373,104375,104377,104379,104381],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,104346,12690],{"class":70},[64,104348,75],{"class":74},[64,104350,79],{"class":78},[64,104352,2686],{"class":320},[64,104354,12707],{"class":329},[64,104356,2686],{"class":320},[64,104358,86],{"class":78},[64,104360,3184],{"class":320},[64,104362,12724],{"class":329},[64,104364,2686],{"class":320},[64,104366,86],{"class":78},[64,104368,3184],{"class":320},[64,104370,12707],{"class":329},[64,104372,2686],{"class":320},[64,104374,86],{"class":78},[64,104376,3184],{"class":320},[64,104378,17074],{"class":329},[64,104380,2686],{"class":320},[64,104382,97],{"class":78},[64,104384,104385,104388,104390,104392,104394,104396],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,104386,104387],{"class":70},"unique_colors ",[64,104389,75],{"class":74},[64,104391,15250],{"class":357},[64,104393,112],{"class":78},[64,104395,17121],{"class":115},[64,104397,119],{"class":78},[64,104399,104400],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,104401,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,104403,104404,104406,104408,104411],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,104405,125],{"class":108},[64,104407,112],{"class":78},[64,104409,104410],{"class":115},"unique_colors",[64,104412,119],{"class":78},[20,104414,29654],{},[55,104416,104418],{"className":57,"code":104417,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104419,104420],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,104421,104422,104424,104426,104428,104430,104432,104434,104436,104438,104440,104442,104444,104446],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,104423,8884],{"class":78},[64,104425,333],{"class":320},[64,104427,12724],{"class":329},[64,104429,333],{"class":320},[64,104431,86],{"class":78},[64,104433,326],{"class":320},[64,104435,17074],{"class":329},[64,104437,333],{"class":320},[64,104439,86],{"class":78},[64,104441,326],{"class":320},[64,104443,12707],{"class":329},[64,104445,333],{"class":320},[64,104447,8915],{"class":78},[20,104449,2115,104450,104452],{},[15,104451,65034],{}," appears only once.",[20,104454,104455,104456,148],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[285,104457,95973],{"href":95972},[50,104459,1988],{"id":1987},[20,104461,1991],{},[55,104463,104465],{"className":57,"code":104464,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104466,104467],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,104468,104469,104471,104473,104475],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,104470,5882],{"class":357},[64,104472,112],{"class":78},[64,104474,197],{"class":115},[64,104476,119],{"class":78},[20,104478,104479],{},"The argument is optional.",[30,104481,104482,104485],{},[33,104483,104484],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[33,104486,104487],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104489,104490,104491,160],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104492,277],{},[30,104494,104495,104497,104499,104501,104505],{},[33,104496,7695],{},[33,104498,48590],{},[33,104500,60815],{},[33,104502,104503],{},[15,104504,35828],{},[33,104506,104507],{},"another set",[20,104509,1956],{},[55,104511,104513],{"className":57,"code":104512,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104514,104515,104541,104563,104581],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,104516,104517,104519,104521,104523,104525,104527,104529,104531,104533,104535,104537,104539],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,104518,125],{"class":108},[64,104520,112],{"class":78},[64,104522,5882],{"class":357},[64,104524,354],{"class":78},[64,104526,83],{"class":82},[64,104528,86],{"class":78},[64,104530,89],{"class":82},[64,104532,86],{"class":78},[64,104534,89],{"class":82},[64,104536,86],{"class":78},[64,104538,94],{"class":82},[64,104540,1081],{"class":78},[64,104542,104543,104545,104547,104549,104551,104553,104555,104557,104559,104561],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,104544,125],{"class":108},[64,104546,112],{"class":78},[64,104548,5882],{"class":357},[64,104550,5104],{"class":78},[64,104552,2160],{"class":82},[64,104554,86],{"class":78},[64,104556,7390],{"class":82},[64,104558,86],{"class":78},[64,104560,5599],{"class":82},[64,104562,2744],{"class":78},[64,104564,104565,104567,104569,104571,104573,104575,104577,104579],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,104566,125],{"class":108},[64,104568,112],{"class":78},[64,104570,5882],{"class":357},[64,104572,112],{"class":78},[64,104574,2686],{"class":320},[64,104576,330],{"class":329},[64,104578,2686],{"class":320},[64,104580,471],{"class":78},[64,104582,104583,104585,104587,104589,104591,104593,104595,104597],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,104584,125],{"class":108},[64,104586,112],{"class":78},[64,104588,5882],{"class":357},[64,104590,112],{"class":78},[64,104592,59639],{"class":108},[64,104594,112],{"class":78},[64,104596,2334],{"class":82},[64,104598,2744],{"class":78},[20,104600,29654],{},[55,104602,104604],{"className":57,"code":104603,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104605,104606,104622,104634,104670],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,104607,104608,104610,104612,104614,104616,104618,104620],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,104609,8884],{"class":78},[64,104611,83],{"class":82},[64,104613,86],{"class":78},[64,104615,89],{"class":82},[64,104617,86],{"class":78},[64,104619,94],{"class":82},[64,104621,8915],{"class":78},[64,104623,104624,104626,104628,104630,104632],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,104625,8884],{"class":78},[64,104627,2160],{"class":82},[64,104629,86],{"class":78},[64,104631,7390],{"class":82},[64,104633,8915],{"class":78},[64,104635,104636,104638,104640,104642,104644,104646,104648,104650,104652,104654,104656,104658,104660,104662,104664,104666,104668],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,104637,8884],{"class":78},[64,104639,333],{"class":320},[64,104641,60079],{"class":329},[64,104643,333],{"class":320},[64,104645,86],{"class":78},[64,104647,326],{"class":320},[64,104649,60088],{"class":329},[64,104651,333],{"class":320},[64,104653,86],{"class":78},[64,104655,326],{"class":320},[64,104657,60097],{"class":329},[64,104659,333],{"class":320},[64,104661,86],{"class":78},[64,104663,326],{"class":320},[64,104665,60114],{"class":329},[64,104667,333],{"class":320},[64,104669,8915],{"class":78},[64,104671,104672,104674,104676,104678,104680,104682,104684,104686,104688],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,104673,8884],{"class":78},[64,104675,243],{"class":82},[64,104677,86],{"class":78},[64,104679,5091],{"class":82},[64,104681,86],{"class":78},[64,104683,89],{"class":82},[64,104685,86],{"class":78},[64,104687,94],{"class":82},[64,104689,8915],{"class":78},[20,104691,104692,104693,148],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[285,104694,104695],{"href":64489},"Python list() function explained",[50,104697,104699],{"id":104698},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104701,97925],{},[55,104703,104704],{"className":57,"code":98890,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,104705,104706,104716,104726],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,104707,104708,104710,104712,104714],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,104709,97935],{"class":70},[64,104711,75],{"class":74},[64,104713,15250],{"class":357},[64,104715,8247],{"class":78},[64,104717,104718,104720,104722,104724],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,104719,125],{"class":108},[64,104721,112],{"class":78},[64,104723,97954],{"class":115},[64,104725,119],{"class":78},[64,104727,104728,104730,104732,104734,104736,104738],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,104729,125],{"class":108},[64,104731,112],{"class":78},[64,104733,3052],{"class":357},[64,104735,112],{"class":78},[64,104737,97954],{"class":115},[64,104739,471],{"class":78},[20,104741,384],{},[55,104743,104744],{"className":57,"code":98933,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,104745,104746,104752],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,104747,104748,104750],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,104749,5882],{"class":357},[64,104751,8247],{"class":78},[64,104753,104754,104756,104758,104760,104762,104764],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,104755,3121],{"class":74},[64,104757,3124],{"class":1895},[64,104759,326],{"class":320},[64,104761,5882],{"class":329},[64,104763,333],{"class":320},[64,104765,3133],{"class":74},[20,104767,104768],{},"This is important because:",[30,104770,104771,104776],{},[33,104772,104773,104775],{},[15,104774,277],{}," creates an empty set",[33,104777,104778,104780,104781,104783],{},[15,104779,272],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[221,104782,1138],{}," a set",[20,104785,916],{},[55,104787,104789],{"className":57,"code":104788,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104790,104791,104801,104809,104813,104827],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,104792,104793,104795,104797,104799],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,104794,2384],{"class":70},[64,104796,75],{"class":74},[64,104798,15250],{"class":357},[64,104800,8247],{"class":78},[64,104802,104803,104805,104807],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,104804,2412],{"class":70},[64,104806,75],{"class":74},[64,104808,9445],{"class":78},[64,104810,104811],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,104812,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,104814,104815,104817,104819,104821,104823,104825],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,104816,125],{"class":108},[64,104818,112],{"class":78},[64,104820,3052],{"class":357},[64,104822,112],{"class":78},[64,104824,285],{"class":115},[64,104826,471],{"class":78},[64,104828,104829,104831,104833,104835,104837,104839],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,104830,125],{"class":108},[64,104832,112],{"class":78},[64,104834,3052],{"class":357},[64,104836,112],{"class":78},[64,104838,1269],{"class":115},[64,104840,471],{"class":78},[20,104842,384],{},[55,104844,104846],{"className":57,"code":104845,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,104847,104848,104862],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,104849,104850,104852,104854,104856,104858,104860],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,104851,3121],{"class":74},[64,104853,3124],{"class":1895},[64,104855,326],{"class":320},[64,104857,5882],{"class":329},[64,104859,333],{"class":320},[64,104861,3133],{"class":74},[64,104863,104864,104866,104868,104870,104872,104874],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,104865,3121],{"class":74},[64,104867,3124],{"class":1895},[64,104869,326],{"class":320},[64,104871,8426],{"class":329},[64,104873,333],{"class":320},[64,104875,3133],{"class":74},[20,104877,13664],{},[20,104879,104880,104881,148],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[285,104882,104137],{"href":95976},[50,104884,104886],{"id":104885},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[428,104888,104890],{"id":104889},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,104892,104893,104894,148],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,104895,277],{},[55,104897,104899],{"className":57,"code":104898,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104900,104901,104933,104947,104951],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,104902,104903,104905,104907,104909,104911,104913,104915,104917,104919,104921,104923,104925,104927,104929,104931],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,104904,71],{"class":70},[64,104906,75],{"class":74},[64,104908,79],{"class":78},[64,104910,83],{"class":82},[64,104912,86],{"class":78},[64,104914,89],{"class":82},[64,104916,86],{"class":78},[64,104918,89],{"class":82},[64,104920,86],{"class":78},[64,104922,94],{"class":82},[64,104924,86],{"class":78},[64,104926,94],{"class":82},[64,104928,86],{"class":78},[64,104930,94],{"class":82},[64,104932,97],{"class":78},[64,104934,104935,104937,104939,104941,104943,104945],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,104936,103],{"class":70},[64,104938,75],{"class":74},[64,104940,15250],{"class":357},[64,104942,112],{"class":78},[64,104944,116],{"class":115},[64,104946,119],{"class":78},[64,104948,104949],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,104950,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,104952,104953,104955,104957,104959],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,104954,125],{"class":108},[64,104956,112],{"class":78},[64,104958,130],{"class":115},[64,104960,119],{"class":78},[20,104962,384],{},[55,104964,104965],{"className":57,"code":96252,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,104966,104967],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,104968,104969,104971,104973,104975,104977,104979,104981],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,104970,8884],{"class":78},[64,104972,83],{"class":82},[64,104974,86],{"class":78},[64,104976,89],{"class":82},[64,104978,86],{"class":78},[64,104980,94],{"class":82},[64,104982,8915],{"class":78},[20,104984,104985,104986,148],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[285,104987,98723],{"href":104988},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[428,104990,104992],{"id":104991},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[55,104994,104996],{"className":57,"code":104995,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104997,104998,105022,105036,105040],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,104999,105000,105002,105004,105006,105008,105010,105012,105014,105016,105018,105020],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105001,304],{"class":70},[64,105003,75],{"class":74},[64,105005,8842],{"class":78},[64,105007,1107],{"class":82},[64,105009,86],{"class":78},[64,105011,1112],{"class":82},[64,105013,86],{"class":78},[64,105015,5599],{"class":82},[64,105017,86],{"class":78},[64,105019,37568],{"class":82},[64,105021,119],{"class":78},[64,105023,105024,105026,105028,105030,105032,105034],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,105025,103],{"class":70},[64,105027,75],{"class":74},[64,105029,15250],{"class":357},[64,105031,112],{"class":78},[64,105033,4951],{"class":115},[64,105035,119],{"class":78},[64,105037,105038],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,105039,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,105041,105042,105044,105046,105048],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,105043,125],{"class":108},[64,105045,112],{"class":78},[64,105047,130],{"class":115},[64,105049,119],{"class":78},[20,105051,384],{},[55,105053,105055],{"className":57,"code":105054,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105056,105057],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,105058,105059,105061,105063,105065,105067,105069,105071],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105060,8884],{"class":78},[64,105062,1107],{"class":82},[64,105064,86],{"class":78},[64,105066,5599],{"class":82},[64,105068,86],{"class":78},[64,105070,37568],{"class":82},[64,105072,8915],{"class":78},[428,105074,105076],{"id":105075},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105078,50765,105079,105081],{},[15,105080,277],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[55,105083,105085],{"className":57,"code":105084,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105086,105087,105099,105113,105117],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,105088,105089,105091,105093,105095,105097],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105090,34315],{"class":70},[64,105092,75],{"class":74},[64,105094,3184],{"class":320},[64,105096,585],{"class":329},[64,105098,3190],{"class":320},[64,105100,105101,105103,105105,105107,105109,105111],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,105102,103],{"class":70},[64,105104,75],{"class":74},[64,105106,15250],{"class":357},[64,105108,112],{"class":78},[64,105110,34336],{"class":115},[64,105112,119],{"class":78},[64,105114,105115],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,105116,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,105118,105119,105121,105123,105125],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,105120,125],{"class":108},[64,105122,112],{"class":78},[64,105124,130],{"class":115},[64,105126,119],{"class":78},[20,105128,29654],{},[55,105130,105132],{"className":57,"code":105131,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105133,105134],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,105135,105136,105138,105140,105142,105144,105146,105148,105150,105152,105154,105156,105158,105160],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105137,8884],{"class":78},[64,105139,333],{"class":320},[64,105141,1269],{"class":329},[64,105143,333],{"class":320},[64,105145,86],{"class":78},[64,105147,326],{"class":320},[64,105149,285],{"class":329},[64,105151,333],{"class":320},[64,105153,86],{"class":78},[64,105155,326],{"class":320},[64,105157,75672],{"class":329},[64,105159,333],{"class":320},[64,105161,8915],{"class":78},[20,105163,105164],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[428,105166,105168],{"id":105167},"from-range","From range()",[55,105170,105172],{"className":57,"code":105171,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105173,105174,105192],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,105175,105176,105178,105180,105182,105184,105186,105188,105190],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105177,103],{"class":70},[64,105179,75],{"class":74},[64,105181,15250],{"class":357},[64,105183,112],{"class":78},[64,105185,59639],{"class":108},[64,105187,112],{"class":78},[64,105189,1107],{"class":82},[64,105191,471],{"class":78},[64,105193,105194,105196,105198,105200],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,105195,125],{"class":108},[64,105197,112],{"class":78},[64,105199,130],{"class":115},[64,105201,119],{"class":78},[20,105203,384],{},[55,105205,105207],{"className":57,"code":105206,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105208,105209],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,105210,105211,105213,105215,105217,105219,105221,105223,105225,105227,105229,105231],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105212,8884],{"class":78},[64,105214,243],{"class":82},[64,105216,86],{"class":78},[64,105218,5091],{"class":82},[64,105220,86],{"class":78},[64,105222,89],{"class":82},[64,105224,86],{"class":78},[64,105226,94],{"class":82},[64,105228,86],{"class":78},[64,105230,2286],{"class":82},[64,105232,8915],{"class":78},[50,105234,105236],{"id":105235},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105238,99170,105239,148],{},[221,105240,96016],{},[20,105242,105243],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105245,99176],{},[30,105247,105248,105252,105256,105260],{},[33,105249,105250],{},[15,105251,2019],{},[33,105253,105254],{},[15,105255,3276],{},[33,105257,105258],{},[15,105259,2023],{},[33,105261,105262,105264],{},[15,105263,48590],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105266,916],{},[55,105268,105270],{"className":57,"code":105269,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105271,105272,105303],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,105273,105274,105276,105278,105280,105282,105284,105286,105288,105290,105292,105294,105296,105298,105300],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105275,7379],{"class":70},[64,105277,75],{"class":74},[64,105279,10098],{"class":78},[64,105281,83],{"class":82},[64,105283,86],{"class":78},[64,105285,3184],{"class":320},[64,105287,330],{"class":329},[64,105289,2686],{"class":320},[64,105291,86],{"class":78},[64,105293,8842],{"class":78},[64,105295,2160],{"class":82},[64,105297,86],{"class":78},[64,105299,7390],{"class":82},[64,105301,105302],{"class":78},")}\n",[64,105304,105305,105307,105309,105311],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,105306,125],{"class":108},[64,105308,112],{"class":78},[64,105310,7410],{"class":115},[64,105312,119],{"class":78},[20,105314,99238,105315,105317],{},[221,105316,1138],{}," work inside a set:",[30,105319,105320,105324,105328],{},[33,105321,105322],{},[15,105323,7695],{},[33,105325,105326],{},[15,105327,8426],{},[33,105329,105330],{},[15,105331,5882],{},[20,105333,96741],{},[55,105335,105337],{"className":57,"code":105336,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105338,105339],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,105340,105341,105343,105345,105347,105349,105351,105353,105355,105357,105359,105361,105363],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105342,99257],{"class":70},[64,105344,75],{"class":74},[64,105346,99262],{"class":78},[64,105348,83],{"class":82},[64,105350,86],{"class":78},[64,105352,89],{"class":82},[64,105354,17681],{"class":78},[64,105356,79],{"class":78},[64,105358,1892],{"class":82},[64,105360,86],{"class":78},[64,105362,2286],{"class":82},[64,105364,13321],{"class":78},[20,105366,76500,105367,105369],{},[15,105368,2835],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105371,105372],{},"A safer example:",[55,105374,105376],{"className":57,"code":105375,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105377,105378,105406],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,105379,105380,105383,105385,105388,105390,105392,105394,105396,105398,105400,105402,105404],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105381,105382],{"class":70},"good_set ",[64,105384,75],{"class":74},[64,105386,105387],{"class":78}," {(",[64,105389,83],{"class":82},[64,105391,86],{"class":78},[64,105393,89],{"class":82},[64,105395,8839],{"class":78},[64,105397,8842],{"class":78},[64,105399,1892],{"class":82},[64,105401,86],{"class":78},[64,105403,2286],{"class":82},[64,105405,105302],{"class":78},[64,105407,105408,105410,105412,105415],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,105409,125],{"class":108},[64,105411,112],{"class":78},[64,105413,105414],{"class":115},"good_set",[64,105416,119],{"class":78},[20,105418,384],{},[55,105420,105422],{"className":57,"code":105421,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105423,105424],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,105425,105426,105429,105431,105433,105435,105437,105439,105441,105443,105445],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105427,105428],{"class":78},"{(",[64,105430,83],{"class":82},[64,105432,86],{"class":78},[64,105434,89],{"class":82},[64,105436,8839],{"class":78},[64,105438,8842],{"class":78},[64,105440,1892],{"class":82},[64,105442,86],{"class":78},[64,105444,2286],{"class":82},[64,105446,105302],{"class":78},[50,105448,105450],{"id":105449},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105452,1923,105453,10209],{},[15,105454,277],{},[30,105456,105457,105460,105465,105468],{},[33,105458,105459],{},"you need unique values only",[33,105461,105462,105463],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105464,375],{},[33,105466,105467],{},"order does not matter",[33,105469,105470],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105472,105473],{},"Example of membership checking:",[55,105475,105477],{"className":57,"code":105476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105478,105479,105504,105508,105524],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,105480,105481,105484,105486,105488,105490,105492,105494,105497,105499,105502],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105482,105483],{"class":70},"allowed_ids ",[64,105485,75],{"class":74},[64,105487,15250],{"class":357},[64,105489,354],{"class":78},[64,105491,46228],{"class":82},[64,105493,86],{"class":78},[64,105495,105496],{"class":82}," 102",[64,105498,86],{"class":78},[64,105500,105501],{"class":82}," 103",[64,105503,381],{"class":78},[64,105505,105506],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,105507,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,105509,105510,105512,105514,105517,105519,105522],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,105511,125],{"class":108},[64,105513,112],{"class":78},[64,105515,105516],{"class":82},"102",[64,105518,20794],{"class":368},[64,105520,105521],{"class":115}," allowed_ids",[64,105523,119],{"class":78},[64,105525,105526,105528,105530,105533,105535,105537],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,105527,125],{"class":108},[64,105529,112],{"class":78},[64,105531,105532],{"class":82},"999",[64,105534,20794],{"class":368},[64,105536,105521],{"class":115},[64,105538,119],{"class":78},[20,105540,384],{},[55,105542,105543],{"className":57,"code":43809,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,105544,105545,105549],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,105546,105547],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105548,476],{"class":338},[64,105550,105551],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,105552,537],{"class":338},[20,105554,105555],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[50,105557,105559],{"id":105558},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105561,105562],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[428,105564,1923,105566,97867],{"id":105565},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105567,277],{},[55,105569,105570],{"className":57,"code":97928,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,105571,105572,105582],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,105573,105574,105576,105578,105580],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105575,97935],{"class":70},[64,105577,75],{"class":74},[64,105579,15250],{"class":357},[64,105581,8247],{"class":78},[64,105583,105584,105586,105588,105590,105592,105594],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,105585,125],{"class":108},[64,105587,112],{"class":78},[64,105589,3052],{"class":357},[64,105591,112],{"class":78},[64,105593,97954],{"class":115},[64,105595,471],{"class":78},[20,105597,384],{},[55,105599,105600],{"className":57,"code":8457,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,105601,105602],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,105603,105604,105606,105608,105610,105612,105614],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105605,3121],{"class":74},[64,105607,3124],{"class":1895},[64,105609,326],{"class":320},[64,105611,5882],{"class":329},[64,105613,333],{"class":320},[64,105615,3133],{"class":74},[428,105617,1923,105619,105621],{"id":105618},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105620,99927],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[55,105623,105625],{"className":57,"code":105624,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105626,105627,105647],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,105628,105629,105631,105633,105635,105637,105639,105641,105643,105645],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105630,71],{"class":70},[64,105632,75],{"class":74},[64,105634,10098],{"class":78},[64,105636,83],{"class":82},[64,105638,86],{"class":78},[64,105640,89],{"class":82},[64,105642,86],{"class":78},[64,105644,94],{"class":82},[64,105646,8915],{"class":78},[64,105648,105649,105651,105653,105655,105657,105659],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,105650,125],{"class":108},[64,105652,112],{"class":78},[64,105654,3052],{"class":357},[64,105656,112],{"class":78},[64,105658,116],{"class":115},[64,105660,471],{"class":78},[20,105662,384],{},[55,105664,105665],{"className":57,"code":8457,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,105666,105667],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,105668,105669,105671,105673,105675,105677,105679],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105670,3121],{"class":74},[64,105672,3124],{"class":1895},[64,105674,326],{"class":320},[64,105676,5882],{"class":329},[64,105678,333],{"class":320},[64,105680,3133],{"class":74},[428,105682,1923,105684,105686],{"id":105683},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105685,272],{}," for an empty dictionary",[55,105688,105690],{"className":57,"code":105689,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105691,105692,105701],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,105693,105694,105697,105699],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105695,105696],{"class":70},"empty_dict ",[64,105698,75],{"class":74},[64,105700,9445],{"class":78},[64,105702,105703,105705,105707,105709,105711,105714],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,105704,125],{"class":108},[64,105706,112],{"class":78},[64,105708,3052],{"class":357},[64,105710,112],{"class":78},[64,105712,105713],{"class":115},"empty_dict",[64,105715,471],{"class":78},[20,105717,384],{},[55,105719,105720],{"className":57,"code":8413,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,105721,105722],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,105723,105724,105726,105728,105730,105732,105734],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105725,3121],{"class":74},[64,105727,3124],{"class":1895},[64,105729,326],{"class":320},[64,105731,8426],{"class":329},[64,105733,333],{"class":320},[64,105735,3133],{"class":74},[20,105737,105738],{},"So the rule is simple:",[30,105740,105741,105746,105751],{},[33,105742,105743,105745],{},[15,105744,277],{}," → empty set",[33,105747,105748,105750],{},[15,105749,99927],{}," → non-empty set",[33,105752,105753,105755],{},[15,105754,272],{}," → empty dictionary",[50,105757,2661],{"id":2660},[20,105759,105760,105761,148],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105762,277],{},[428,105764,8020,105765,99525],{"id":99522},[15,105766,272],{},[20,105768,105769],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[55,105771,105772],{"className":57,"code":99531,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,105773,105774,105782],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,105775,105776,105778,105780],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105777,2276],{"class":70},[64,105779,75],{"class":74},[64,105781,9445],{"class":78},[64,105783,105784,105786,105788,105790,105792,105794],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,105785,125],{"class":108},[64,105787,112],{"class":78},[64,105789,3052],{"class":357},[64,105791,112],{"class":78},[64,105793,2302],{"class":115},[64,105795,471],{"class":78},[428,105797,105799,105800],{"id":105798},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105801,105802],{},"set(5)",[20,105804,105805,105807],{},[15,105806,277],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[55,105809,105811],{"className":57,"code":105810,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"set(5)\n",[15,105812,105813],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,105814,105815,105817,105819,105821],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105816,5882],{"class":357},[64,105818,112],{"class":78},[64,105820,1107],{"class":82},[64,105822,119],{"class":78},[20,105824,2832,105825,105827,105828,148],{},[15,105826,2835],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[285,105829,105831],{"href":105830},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[428,105833,105835],{"id":105834},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,105837,105838],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[55,105840,105842],{"className":57,"code":105841,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105843,105844],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,105845,105846,105848,105850,105852,105854,105856,105858,105860,105862,105864,105866,105868],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105847,2276],{"class":70},[64,105849,75],{"class":74},[64,105851,99262],{"class":78},[64,105853,83],{"class":82},[64,105855,86],{"class":78},[64,105857,89],{"class":82},[64,105859,17681],{"class":78},[64,105861,79],{"class":78},[64,105863,1892],{"class":82},[64,105865,86],{"class":78},[64,105867,2286],{"class":82},[64,105869,13321],{"class":78},[428,105871,8056,105873,105875],{"id":105872},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,105874,277],{}," to keep the original order",[20,105877,105878],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[428,105880,36835,105882,8309,105884,212,105886],{"id":105881},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,105883,277],{},[15,105885,24403],{},[15,105887,8725],{},[20,105889,105890],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[50,105892,60351],{"id":60350},[20,105894,10722],{},[55,105896,105898],{"className":57,"code":105897,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,105899,105900,105915,105925,105939],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,105901,105902,105904,105906,105908,105910,105913],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,105903,125],{"class":108},[64,105905,112],{"class":78},[64,105907,3052],{"class":357},[64,105909,112],{"class":78},[64,105911,105912],{"class":115},"my_value",[64,105914,471],{"class":78},[64,105916,105917,105919,105921,105923],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,105918,125],{"class":108},[64,105920,112],{"class":78},[64,105922,105912],{"class":115},[64,105924,119],{"class":78},[64,105926,105927,105929,105931,105933,105935,105937],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,105928,125],{"class":108},[64,105930,112],{"class":78},[64,105932,7695],{"class":357},[64,105934,112],{"class":78},[64,105936,15283],{"class":115},[64,105938,471],{"class":78},[64,105940,105941,105943,105945,105947,105949,105951],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,105942,125],{"class":108},[64,105944,112],{"class":78},[64,105946,10771],{"class":108},[64,105948,112],{"class":78},[64,105950,15283],{"class":115},[64,105952,471],{"class":78},[20,105954,105955],{},"What they help you see:",[30,105957,105958,105964,105969,105975],{},[33,105959,105960,105963],{},[15,105961,105962],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[33,105965,105966,90191],{},[15,105967,105968],{},"print(my_value)",[33,105970,105971,105974],{},[15,105972,105973],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[33,105976,105977,105980],{},[15,105978,105979],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[50,105982,1651],{"id":1650},[428,105984,105986],{"id":105985},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,105988,105989],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[428,105991,105993],{"id":105992},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,105995,1923,105996,105998,105999,106001],{},[15,105997,277],{},". Do not use ",[15,106000,272],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[428,106003,106005],{"id":106004},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106007,106008],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[428,106010,106012],{"id":106011},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106014,106015],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106017,916],{},[55,106019,106021],{"className":57,"code":106020,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106022,106023],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,106024,106025,106027,106029,106031,106033,106035,106037,106039],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106026,125],{"class":108},[64,106028,112],{"class":78},[64,106030,5882],{"class":357},[64,106032,112],{"class":78},[64,106034,2686],{"class":320},[64,106036,576],{"class":329},[64,106038,2686],{"class":320},[64,106040,471],{"class":78},[20,106042,29654],{},[55,106044,106046],{"className":57,"code":106045,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106047,106048],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,106049,106050,106052,106054,106056,106058,106060,106062,106064,106066,106068,106070,106072,106074,106076,106078,106080,106082],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106051,8884],{"class":78},[64,106053,333],{"class":320},[64,106055,285],{"class":329},[64,106057,333],{"class":320},[64,106059,86],{"class":78},[64,106061,326],{"class":320},[64,106063,20],{"class":329},[64,106065,333],{"class":320},[64,106067,86],{"class":78},[64,106069,326],{"class":320},[64,106071,60097],{"class":329},[64,106073,333],{"class":320},[64,106075,86],{"class":78},[64,106077,326],{"class":320},[64,106079,60088],{"class":329},[64,106081,333],{"class":320},[64,106083,8915],{"class":78},[428,106085,1671,106087,106090],{"id":106086},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106088,106089],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106092,106093,28309,106095,106098],{},[15,106094,277],{},[221,106096,106097],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106100,106101],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[55,106103,106105],{"className":57,"code":106104,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106106,106107],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,106108,106109,106111,106113,106115,106117,106119,106121,106123,106125,106127,106129,106131],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106110,125],{"class":108},[64,106112,112],{"class":78},[64,106114,5882],{"class":357},[64,106116,354],{"class":78},[64,106118,83],{"class":82},[64,106120,86],{"class":78},[64,106122,89],{"class":82},[64,106124,86],{"class":78},[64,106126,94],{"class":82},[64,106128,86],{"class":78},[64,106130,2286],{"class":82},[64,106132,1081],{"class":78},[50,106134,1717],{"id":1716},[30,106136,106137,106141,106145,106149,106153],{},[33,106138,106139],{},[285,106140,95973],{"href":95972},[33,106142,106143],{},[285,106144,104137],{"href":95976},[33,106146,106147],{},[285,106148,99989],{"href":104988},[33,106150,106151],{},[285,106152,104695],{"href":64489},[33,106154,106155],{},[285,106156,105831],{"href":105830},[1751,106158,106159],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":106161},[106162,106163,106164,106165,106166,106172,106173,106174,106182,106192,106193,106201],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":104313,"depth":100,"text":104314},{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":104698,"depth":100,"text":104699},{"id":104885,"depth":100,"text":104886,"children":106167},[106168,106169,106170,106171],{"id":104889,"depth":122,"text":104890},{"id":104991,"depth":122,"text":104992},{"id":105075,"depth":122,"text":105076},{"id":105167,"depth":122,"text":105168},{"id":105235,"depth":100,"text":105236},{"id":105449,"depth":100,"text":105450},{"id":105558,"depth":100,"text":105559,"children":106175},[106176,106178,106180],{"id":105565,"depth":122,"text":106177},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105618,"depth":122,"text":106179},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105683,"depth":122,"text":106181},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661,"children":106183},[106184,106185,106187,106188,106190],{"id":99522,"depth":122,"text":100030},{"id":105798,"depth":122,"text":106186},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105834,"depth":122,"text":105835},{"id":105872,"depth":122,"text":106189},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105881,"depth":122,"text":106191},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60350,"depth":100,"text":60351},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":106194},[106195,106196,106197,106198,106199],{"id":105985,"depth":122,"text":105986},{"id":105992,"depth":122,"text":105993},{"id":106004,"depth":122,"text":106005},{"id":106011,"depth":122,"text":106012},{"id":106086,"depth":122,"text":106200},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104195,"description":106202},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106209,"title":106210,"body":106211,"description":107726,"extension":1791,"meta":107727,"navigation":346,"path":107728,"seo":107729,"stem":107730,"__hash__":107731},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106212,"toc":107702},[106213,106219,106224,106227,106310,106315,106320,106325,106327,106340,106344,106346,106365,106368,106391,106394,106405,106407,106488,106490,106507,106509,106515,106518,106613,106615,106646,106648,106656,106658,106661,106772,106774,106799,106801,106823,106828,106833,106839,106948,106950,106966,106969,106972,107055,107057,107074,107082,107084,107088,107094,107185,107187,107220,107225,107232,107309,107311,107328,107334,107336,107340,107356,107359,107385,107387,107448,107450,107573,107575,107626,107632,107634,107639,107641,107647,107650,107654,107657,107661,107664,107674,107676,107699],[10,106214,13,106216,10932],{"id":106215},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106217,106218],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106220,1808,106221,106223],{},[15,106222,106218],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106225,106226],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[55,106228,106230],{"className":57,"code":106229,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106231,106232,106252,106272,106276,106295,106305],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,106233,106234,106236,106238,106240,106242,106244,106246,106248,106250],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106235,2384],{"class":70},[64,106237,75],{"class":74},[64,106239,10098],{"class":78},[64,106241,83],{"class":82},[64,106243,86],{"class":78},[64,106245,89],{"class":82},[64,106247,86],{"class":78},[64,106249,94],{"class":82},[64,106251,8915],{"class":78},[64,106253,106254,106256,106258,106260,106262,106264,106266,106268,106270],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,106255,2412],{"class":70},[64,106257,75],{"class":74},[64,106259,10098],{"class":78},[64,106261,815],{"class":82},[64,106263,86],{"class":78},[64,106265,94],{"class":82},[64,106267,86],{"class":78},[64,106269,2286],{"class":82},[64,106271,8915],{"class":78},[64,106273,106274],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,106275,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,106277,106278,106280,106282,106284,106286,106289,106291,106293],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,106279,103],{"class":70},[64,106281,75],{"class":74},[64,106283,56527],{"class":70},[64,106285,148],{"class":78},[64,106287,106288],{"class":115},"intersection",[64,106290,112],{"class":78},[64,106292,1269],{"class":115},[64,106294,119],{"class":78},[64,106296,106297,106299,106301,106303],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,106298,125],{"class":108},[64,106300,112],{"class":78},[64,106302,130],{"class":115},[64,106304,119],{"class":78},[64,106306,106307],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,106308,106309],{"class":136},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106311,1923,106312,106314],{},[15,106313,102436],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[50,106316,12610,106318,12613],{"id":106317},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106319,102436],{},[20,106321,106322,106324],{},[15,106323,102436],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106326,12666],{},[30,106328,106329,106332,106334,106337],{},[33,106330,106331],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[33,106333,100206],{},[33,106335,106336],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[33,106338,106339],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106341,95969,106342,148],{},[285,106343,95973],{"href":95972},[50,106345,1988],{"id":1987},[55,106347,106349],{"className":57,"code":106348,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106350,106351],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,106352,106353,106355,106357,106359,106361,106363],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106354,100230],{"class":70},[64,106356,148],{"class":78},[64,106358,106288],{"class":115},[64,106360,112],{"class":78},[64,106362,100239],{"class":115},[64,106364,119],{"class":78},[20,106366,106367],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[55,106369,106371],{"className":57,"code":106370,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106372,106373],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,106374,106375,106377,106379,106381,106383,106385,106387,106389],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106376,100230],{"class":70},[64,106378,148],{"class":78},[64,106380,106288],{"class":115},[64,106382,112],{"class":78},[64,106384,100239],{"class":115},[64,106386,86],{"class":78},[64,106388,100266],{"class":115},[64,106390,119],{"class":78},[20,106392,106393],{},"Important notes:",[30,106395,106396,106399,106402],{},[33,106397,106398],{},"The result is always a new set",[33,106400,106401],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[33,106403,106404],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106406,916],{},[55,106408,106410],{"className":57,"code":106409,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106411,106412,106436,106456,106460,106478],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,106413,106414,106416,106418,106420,106422,106424,106426,106428,106430,106432,106434],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106415,2384],{"class":70},[64,106417,75],{"class":74},[64,106419,10098],{"class":78},[64,106421,83],{"class":82},[64,106423,86],{"class":78},[64,106425,89],{"class":82},[64,106427,86],{"class":78},[64,106429,94],{"class":82},[64,106431,86],{"class":78},[64,106433,2286],{"class":82},[64,106435,8915],{"class":78},[64,106437,106438,106440,106442,106444,106446,106448,106450,106452,106454],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,106439,2412],{"class":70},[64,106441,75],{"class":74},[64,106443,10098],{"class":78},[64,106445,1892],{"class":82},[64,106447,86],{"class":78},[64,106449,2286],{"class":82},[64,106451,86],{"class":78},[64,106453,1112],{"class":82},[64,106455,8915],{"class":78},[64,106457,106458],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,106459,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,106461,106462,106464,106466,106468,106470,106472,106474,106476],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,106463,103],{"class":70},[64,106465,75],{"class":74},[64,106467,56527],{"class":70},[64,106469,148],{"class":78},[64,106471,106288],{"class":115},[64,106473,112],{"class":78},[64,106475,1269],{"class":115},[64,106477,119],{"class":78},[64,106479,106480,106482,106484,106486],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,106481,125],{"class":108},[64,106483,112],{"class":78},[64,106485,130],{"class":115},[64,106487,119],{"class":78},[20,106489,384],{},[55,106491,106493],{"className":57,"code":106492,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106494,106495],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,106496,106497,106499,106501,106503,106505],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106498,8884],{"class":78},[64,106500,1892],{"class":82},[64,106502,86],{"class":78},[64,106504,2286],{"class":82},[64,106506,8915],{"class":78},[50,106508,17037],{"id":17036},[20,106510,106511,21596,106513,148],{},[15,106512,102436],{},[221,106514,5882],{},[20,106516,106517],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[55,106519,106521],{"className":57,"code":106520,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106522,106523,106543,106563,106567,106585,106589,106599],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,106524,106525,106527,106529,106531,106533,106535,106537,106539,106541],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106526,2384],{"class":70},[64,106528,75],{"class":74},[64,106530,10098],{"class":78},[64,106532,83],{"class":82},[64,106534,86],{"class":78},[64,106536,89],{"class":82},[64,106538,86],{"class":78},[64,106540,94],{"class":82},[64,106542,8915],{"class":78},[64,106544,106545,106547,106549,106551,106553,106555,106557,106559,106561],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,106546,2412],{"class":70},[64,106548,75],{"class":74},[64,106550,10098],{"class":78},[64,106552,815],{"class":82},[64,106554,86],{"class":78},[64,106556,94],{"class":82},[64,106558,86],{"class":78},[64,106560,2286],{"class":82},[64,106562,8915],{"class":78},[64,106564,106565],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,106566,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,106568,106569,106571,106573,106575,106577,106579,106581,106583],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,106570,103],{"class":70},[64,106572,75],{"class":74},[64,106574,56527],{"class":70},[64,106576,148],{"class":78},[64,106578,106288],{"class":115},[64,106580,112],{"class":78},[64,106582,1269],{"class":115},[64,106584,119],{"class":78},[64,106586,106587],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,106588,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,106590,106591,106593,106595,106597],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,106592,125],{"class":108},[64,106594,112],{"class":78},[64,106596,130],{"class":115},[64,106598,119],{"class":78},[64,106600,106601,106603,106605,106607,106609,106611],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,106602,125],{"class":108},[64,106604,112],{"class":78},[64,106606,3052],{"class":357},[64,106608,112],{"class":78},[64,106610,130],{"class":115},[64,106612,471],{"class":78},[20,106614,384],{},[55,106616,106618],{"className":57,"code":106617,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106619,106620,106632],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,106621,106622,106624,106626,106628,106630],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106623,8884],{"class":78},[64,106625,815],{"class":82},[64,106627,86],{"class":78},[64,106629,94],{"class":82},[64,106631,8915],{"class":78},[64,106633,106634,106636,106638,106640,106642,106644],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,106635,3121],{"class":74},[64,106637,3124],{"class":1895},[64,106639,326],{"class":320},[64,106641,5882],{"class":329},[64,106643,333],{"class":320},[64,106645,3133],{"class":74},[20,106647,85454],{},[30,106649,106650,106653],{},[33,106651,106652],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[33,106654,106655],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[50,106657,11086],{"id":11085},[20,106659,106660],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[55,106662,106664],{"className":57,"code":106663,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106665,106666,106699,106732,106736,106757,106761],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,106667,106668,106671,106673,106675,106677,106679,106681,106683,106685,106687,106689,106691,106693,106695,106697],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106669,106670],{"class":70},"colors1 ",[64,106672,75],{"class":74},[64,106674,10098],{"class":78},[64,106676,2686],{"class":320},[64,106678,12707],{"class":329},[64,106680,2686],{"class":320},[64,106682,86],{"class":78},[64,106684,3184],{"class":320},[64,106686,12724],{"class":329},[64,106688,2686],{"class":320},[64,106690,86],{"class":78},[64,106692,3184],{"class":320},[64,106694,17074],{"class":329},[64,106696,2686],{"class":320},[64,106698,8915],{"class":78},[64,106700,106701,106704,106706,106708,106710,106712,106714,106716,106718,106720,106722,106724,106726,106728,106730],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,106702,106703],{"class":70},"colors2 ",[64,106705,75],{"class":74},[64,106707,10098],{"class":78},[64,106709,2686],{"class":320},[64,106711,17074],{"class":329},[64,106713,2686],{"class":320},[64,106715,86],{"class":78},[64,106717,3184],{"class":320},[64,106719,22145],{"class":329},[64,106721,2686],{"class":320},[64,106723,86],{"class":78},[64,106725,3184],{"class":320},[64,106727,12724],{"class":329},[64,106729,2686],{"class":320},[64,106731,8915],{"class":78},[64,106733,106734],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,106735,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,106737,106738,106741,106743,106746,106748,106750,106752,106755],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,106739,106740],{"class":70},"common_colors ",[64,106742,75],{"class":74},[64,106744,106745],{"class":70}," colors1",[64,106747,148],{"class":78},[64,106749,106288],{"class":115},[64,106751,112],{"class":78},[64,106753,106754],{"class":115},"colors2",[64,106756,119],{"class":78},[64,106758,106759],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,106760,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,106762,106763,106765,106767,106770],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,106764,125],{"class":108},[64,106766,112],{"class":78},[64,106768,106769],{"class":115},"common_colors",[64,106771,119],{"class":78},[20,106773,384],{},[55,106775,106777],{"className":57,"code":106776,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106778,106779],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,106780,106781,106783,106785,106787,106789,106791,106793,106795,106797],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106782,8884],{"class":78},[64,106784,333],{"class":320},[64,106786,12724],{"class":329},[64,106788,333],{"class":320},[64,106790,86],{"class":78},[64,106792,326],{"class":320},[64,106794,17074],{"class":329},[64,106796,333],{"class":320},[64,106798,8915],{"class":78},[20,106800,11295],{},[30,106802,106803,106809,106813,106818],{},[33,106804,106805,106808],{},[15,106806,106807],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[33,106810,106811,106808],{},[15,106812,106754],{},[33,106814,106815,106817],{},[15,106816,102436],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[33,106819,106820,106821],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,106822,106769],{},[50,106824,8020,106826,100803],{"id":106825},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,106827,102436],{},[20,106829,106830,106831,148],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,106832,102436],{},[20,106834,106835,106836,106838],{},"Only the values found in ",[221,106837,192],{}," inputs will be kept.",[55,106840,106842],{"className":57,"code":106841,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106843,106844,106868,106892,106912,106916,106938],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,106845,106846,106848,106850,106852,106854,106856,106858,106860,106862,106864,106866],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106847,2384],{"class":70},[64,106849,75],{"class":74},[64,106851,10098],{"class":78},[64,106853,83],{"class":82},[64,106855,86],{"class":78},[64,106857,89],{"class":82},[64,106859,86],{"class":78},[64,106861,94],{"class":82},[64,106863,86],{"class":78},[64,106865,2286],{"class":82},[64,106867,8915],{"class":78},[64,106869,106870,106872,106874,106876,106878,106880,106882,106884,106886,106888,106890],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,106871,2412],{"class":70},[64,106873,75],{"class":74},[64,106875,10098],{"class":78},[64,106877,815],{"class":82},[64,106879,86],{"class":78},[64,106881,94],{"class":82},[64,106883,86],{"class":78},[64,106885,2286],{"class":82},[64,106887,86],{"class":78},[64,106889,1112],{"class":82},[64,106891,8915],{"class":78},[64,106893,106894,106896,106898,106900,106902,106904,106906,106908,106910],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,106895,82828],{"class":70},[64,106897,75],{"class":74},[64,106899,10098],{"class":78},[64,106901,1892],{"class":82},[64,106903,86],{"class":78},[64,106905,2286],{"class":82},[64,106907,86],{"class":78},[64,106909,37275],{"class":82},[64,106911,8915],{"class":78},[64,106913,106914],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,106915,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,106917,106918,106920,106922,106924,106926,106928,106930,106932,106934,106936],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,106919,103],{"class":70},[64,106921,75],{"class":74},[64,106923,56527],{"class":70},[64,106925,148],{"class":78},[64,106927,106288],{"class":115},[64,106929,112],{"class":78},[64,106931,1269],{"class":115},[64,106933,86],{"class":78},[64,106935,9288],{"class":115},[64,106937,119],{"class":78},[64,106939,106940,106942,106944,106946],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,106941,125],{"class":108},[64,106943,112],{"class":78},[64,106945,130],{"class":115},[64,106947,119],{"class":78},[20,106949,384],{},[55,106951,106952],{"className":57,"code":106492,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,106953,106954],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,106955,106956,106958,106960,106962,106964],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106957,8884],{"class":78},[64,106959,1892],{"class":82},[64,106961,86],{"class":78},[64,106963,2286],{"class":82},[64,106965,8915],{"class":78},[20,106967,106968],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,106970,106971],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[55,106973,106975],{"className":57,"code":106974,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,106976,106977,107001,107005,107045],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,106978,106979,106981,106983,106985,106987,106989,106991,106993,106995,106997,106999],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,106980,2384],{"class":70},[64,106982,75],{"class":74},[64,106984,10098],{"class":78},[64,106986,83],{"class":82},[64,106988,86],{"class":78},[64,106990,89],{"class":82},[64,106992,86],{"class":78},[64,106994,94],{"class":82},[64,106996,86],{"class":78},[64,106998,2286],{"class":82},[64,107000,8915],{"class":78},[64,107002,107003],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,107004,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,107006,107007,107009,107011,107013,107015,107017,107019,107021,107023,107025,107027,107029,107031,107033,107035,107037,107039,107041,107043],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,107008,103],{"class":70},[64,107010,75],{"class":74},[64,107012,56527],{"class":70},[64,107014,148],{"class":78},[64,107016,106288],{"class":115},[64,107018,354],{"class":78},[64,107020,815],{"class":82},[64,107022,86],{"class":78},[64,107024,2286],{"class":82},[64,107026,86],{"class":78},[64,107028,37275],{"class":82},[64,107030,17681],{"class":78},[64,107032,8842],{"class":78},[64,107034,83],{"class":82},[64,107036,86],{"class":78},[64,107038,89],{"class":82},[64,107040,86],{"class":78},[64,107042,2286],{"class":82},[64,107044,471],{"class":78},[64,107046,107047,107049,107051,107053],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,107048,125],{"class":108},[64,107050,112],{"class":78},[64,107052,130],{"class":115},[64,107054,119],{"class":78},[20,107056,384],{},[55,107058,107060],{"className":57,"code":107059,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107061,107062],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,107063,107064,107066,107068,107070,107072],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,107065,8884],{"class":78},[64,107067,815],{"class":82},[64,107069,86],{"class":78},[64,107071,2286],{"class":82},[64,107073,8915],{"class":78},[50,107075,107077,10193,107079],{"id":107076},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107078,102436],{},[15,107080,107081],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107083,100973],{},[428,107085,107086],{"id":106288},[15,107087,102436],{},[30,107089,107090,107092],{},[33,107091,100982],{},[33,107093,100985],{},[55,107095,107097],{"className":57,"code":107096,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107098,107099,107119,107139,107143,107161,107165,107175],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,107100,107101,107103,107105,107107,107109,107111,107113,107115,107117],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,107102,2384],{"class":70},[64,107104,75],{"class":74},[64,107106,10098],{"class":78},[64,107108,83],{"class":82},[64,107110,86],{"class":78},[64,107112,89],{"class":82},[64,107114,86],{"class":78},[64,107116,94],{"class":82},[64,107118,8915],{"class":78},[64,107120,107121,107123,107125,107127,107129,107131,107133,107135,107137],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,107122,2412],{"class":70},[64,107124,75],{"class":74},[64,107126,10098],{"class":78},[64,107128,815],{"class":82},[64,107130,86],{"class":78},[64,107132,94],{"class":82},[64,107134,86],{"class":78},[64,107136,2286],{"class":82},[64,107138,8915],{"class":78},[64,107140,107141],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,107142,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,107144,107145,107147,107149,107151,107153,107155,107157,107159],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,107146,103],{"class":70},[64,107148,75],{"class":74},[64,107150,56527],{"class":70},[64,107152,148],{"class":78},[64,107154,106288],{"class":115},[64,107156,112],{"class":78},[64,107158,1269],{"class":115},[64,107160,119],{"class":78},[64,107162,107163],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,107164,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,107166,107167,107169,107171,107173],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,107168,125],{"class":108},[64,107170,112],{"class":78},[64,107172,285],{"class":115},[64,107174,119],{"class":78},[64,107176,107177,107179,107181,107183],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,107178,125],{"class":108},[64,107180,112],{"class":78},[64,107182,130],{"class":115},[64,107184,119],{"class":78},[20,107186,384],{},[55,107188,107190],{"className":57,"code":107189,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107191,107192,107208],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,107193,107194,107196,107198,107200,107202,107204,107206],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,107195,8884],{"class":78},[64,107197,83],{"class":82},[64,107199,86],{"class":78},[64,107201,89],{"class":82},[64,107203,86],{"class":78},[64,107205,94],{"class":82},[64,107207,8915],{"class":78},[64,107209,107210,107212,107214,107216,107218],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,107211,8884],{"class":78},[64,107213,815],{"class":82},[64,107215,86],{"class":78},[64,107217,94],{"class":82},[64,107219,8915],{"class":78},[428,107221,107223],{"id":107222},"intersection_update",[15,107224,107081],{},[30,107226,107227,107229],{},[33,107228,101125],{},[33,107230,107231],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[55,107233,107235],{"className":57,"code":107234,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107236,107237,107257,107277,107281,107295,107299],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,107238,107239,107241,107243,107245,107247,107249,107251,107253,107255],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,107240,2384],{"class":70},[64,107242,75],{"class":74},[64,107244,10098],{"class":78},[64,107246,83],{"class":82},[64,107248,86],{"class":78},[64,107250,89],{"class":82},[64,107252,86],{"class":78},[64,107254,94],{"class":82},[64,107256,8915],{"class":78},[64,107258,107259,107261,107263,107265,107267,107269,107271,107273,107275],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,107260,2412],{"class":70},[64,107262,75],{"class":74},[64,107264,10098],{"class":78},[64,107266,815],{"class":82},[64,107268,86],{"class":78},[64,107270,94],{"class":82},[64,107272,86],{"class":78},[64,107274,2286],{"class":82},[64,107276,8915],{"class":78},[64,107278,107279],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,107280,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,107282,107283,107285,107287,107289,107291,107293],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,107284,285],{"class":70},[64,107286,148],{"class":78},[64,107288,107222],{"class":115},[64,107290,112],{"class":78},[64,107292,1269],{"class":115},[64,107294,119],{"class":78},[64,107296,107297],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,107298,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,107300,107301,107303,107305,107307],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,107302,125],{"class":108},[64,107304,112],{"class":78},[64,107306,285],{"class":115},[64,107308,119],{"class":78},[20,107310,384],{},[55,107312,107314],{"className":57,"code":107313,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107315,107316],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,107317,107318,107320,107322,107324,107326],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,107319,8884],{"class":78},[64,107321,815],{"class":82},[64,107323,86],{"class":78},[64,107325,94],{"class":82},[64,107327,8915],{"class":78},[20,107329,107330,107331,107333],{},"Choose ",[15,107332,102436],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[50,107335,1023],{"id":1022},[20,107337,14349,107338,160],{},[15,107339,102436],{},[30,107341,107342,107345,107348,107351],{},[33,107343,107344],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[33,107346,107347],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[33,107349,107350],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[33,107352,107353,107354],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107355,102436],{},[20,107357,107358],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[30,107360,107361,107366,107369,107382],{},[33,107362,8020,107363,107365],{},[15,107364,102436],{}," when order matters",[33,107367,107368],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[33,107370,36835,107371,8309,107373,212,107378],{},[15,107372,102436],{},[285,107374,107376],{"href":107375},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107377,102444],{},[285,107379,107380],{"href":102485},[15,107381,100059],{},[33,107383,107384],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107386,29760],{},[55,107388,107390],{"className":57,"code":107389,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107391,107392,107402,107416,107434],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,107393,107394,107396,107398,107400],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,107395,125],{"class":108},[64,107397,112],{"class":78},[64,107399,15283],{"class":115},[64,107401,119],{"class":78},[64,107403,107404,107406,107408,107410,107412,107414],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,107405,125],{"class":108},[64,107407,112],{"class":78},[64,107409,3052],{"class":357},[64,107411,112],{"class":78},[64,107413,130],{"class":115},[64,107415,471],{"class":78},[64,107417,107418,107420,107422,107424,107426,107428,107430,107432],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,107419,125],{"class":108},[64,107421,112],{"class":78},[64,107423,100230],{"class":115},[64,107425,148],{"class":78},[64,107427,106288],{"class":115},[64,107429,112],{"class":78},[64,107431,100239],{"class":115},[64,107433,471],{"class":78},[64,107435,107436,107438,107440,107442,107444,107446],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,107437,125],{"class":108},[64,107439,112],{"class":78},[64,107441,10771],{"class":108},[64,107443,112],{"class":78},[64,107445,130],{"class":115},[64,107447,471],{"class":78},[20,107449,916],{},[55,107451,107453],{"className":57,"code":107452,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107454,107455,107479,107499,107503,107521,107525,107535,107545,107559],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,107456,107457,107459,107461,107463,107465,107467,107469,107471,107473,107475,107477],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,107458,71],{"class":70},[64,107460,75],{"class":74},[64,107462,10098],{"class":78},[64,107464,83],{"class":82},[64,107466,86],{"class":78},[64,107468,89],{"class":82},[64,107470,86],{"class":78},[64,107472,89],{"class":82},[64,107474,86],{"class":78},[64,107476,94],{"class":82},[64,107478,8915],{"class":78},[64,107480,107481,107483,107485,107487,107489,107491,107493,107495,107497],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,107482,43184],{"class":70},[64,107484,75],{"class":74},[64,107486,10098],{"class":78},[64,107488,815],{"class":82},[64,107490,86],{"class":78},[64,107492,94],{"class":82},[64,107494,86],{"class":78},[64,107496,2286],{"class":82},[64,107498,8915],{"class":78},[64,107500,107501],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,107502,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,107504,107505,107507,107509,107511,107513,107515,107517,107519],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,107506,103],{"class":70},[64,107508,75],{"class":74},[64,107510,762],{"class":70},[64,107512,148],{"class":78},[64,107514,106288],{"class":115},[64,107516,112],{"class":78},[64,107518,30368],{"class":115},[64,107520,119],{"class":78},[64,107522,107523],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,107524,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,107526,107527,107529,107531,107533],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,107528,125],{"class":108},[64,107530,112],{"class":78},[64,107532,116],{"class":115},[64,107534,119],{"class":78},[64,107536,107537,107539,107541,107543],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,107538,125],{"class":108},[64,107540,112],{"class":78},[64,107542,130],{"class":115},[64,107544,119],{"class":78},[64,107546,107547,107549,107551,107553,107555,107557],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,107548,125],{"class":108},[64,107550,112],{"class":78},[64,107552,3052],{"class":357},[64,107554,112],{"class":78},[64,107556,130],{"class":115},[64,107558,471],{"class":78},[64,107560,107561,107563,107565,107567,107569,107571],{"class":66,"line":6028},[64,107562,125],{"class":108},[64,107564,112],{"class":78},[64,107566,10771],{"class":108},[64,107568,112],{"class":78},[64,107570,130],{"class":115},[64,107572,471],{"class":78},[20,107574,384],{},[55,107576,107578],{"className":57,"code":107577,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107579,107580,107596,107608,107622],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,107581,107582,107584,107586,107588,107590,107592,107594],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,107583,8884],{"class":78},[64,107585,83],{"class":82},[64,107587,86],{"class":78},[64,107589,89],{"class":82},[64,107591,86],{"class":78},[64,107593,94],{"class":82},[64,107595,8915],{"class":78},[64,107597,107598,107600,107602,107604,107606],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,107599,8884],{"class":78},[64,107601,815],{"class":82},[64,107603,86],{"class":78},[64,107605,94],{"class":82},[64,107607,8915],{"class":78},[64,107609,107610,107612,107614,107616,107618,107620],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,107611,3121],{"class":74},[64,107613,3124],{"class":1895},[64,107615,326],{"class":320},[64,107617,5882],{"class":329},[64,107619,333],{"class":320},[64,107621,3133],{"class":74},[64,107623,107624],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,107625,16674],{"class":82},[20,107627,107628,107629,107631],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107630,815],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[50,107633,1651],{"id":1650},[428,107635,12317,107637,102384],{"id":107636},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107638,102436],{},[20,107640,102387],{},[428,107642,1684,107644,107646],{"id":107643},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107645,102436],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107648,107649],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[428,107651,107653],{"id":107652},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107655,107656],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[428,107658,107660],{"id":107659},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107662,107663],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[55,107665,107666],{"className":57,"code":97103,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,107667,107668],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,107669,107670,107672],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,107671,5882],{"class":357},[64,107673,8247],{"class":78},[50,107675,1717],{"id":1716},[30,107677,107678,107682,107689,107695],{},[33,107679,107680],{},[285,107681,95973],{"href":95972},[33,107683,107684],{},[285,107685,13,107686,10349],{"href":107375},[15,107687,107688],{},"set.union()",[33,107690,107691],{},[285,107692,13,107693,10349],{"href":102485},[15,107694,100064],{},[33,107696,107697],{},[285,107698,99989],{"href":104988},[1751,107700,107701],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":107703},[107704,107706,107707,107708,107709,107711,107716,107717,107725],{"id":106317,"depth":100,"text":107705},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":17036,"depth":100,"text":17037},{"id":11085,"depth":100,"text":11086},{"id":106825,"depth":100,"text":107710},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107076,"depth":100,"text":107712,"children":107713},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107714,107715],{"id":106288,"depth":122,"text":102436},{"id":107222,"depth":122,"text":107081},{"id":1022,"depth":100,"text":1023},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":107718},[107719,107721,107723,107724],{"id":107636,"depth":122,"text":107720},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107643,"depth":122,"text":107722},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107652,"depth":122,"text":107653},{"id":107659,"depth":122,"text":107660},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106210,"description":107726},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107733,"title":107734,"body":107735,"description":108971,"extension":1791,"meta":108972,"navigation":346,"path":108973,"seo":108974,"stem":108975,"__hash__":108976},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107736,"toc":108938},[107737,107742,107748,107757,107759,107834,107839,107854,107864,107869,107873,107886,107890,107892,107907,107909,107925,107927,108002,108006,108009,108011,108028,108033,108088,108093,108105,108109,108112,108213,108215,108256,108259,108263,108270,108272,108297,108300,108318,108325,108331,108334,108416,108423,108426,108506,108515,108518,108523,108527,108541,108590,108595,108599,108610,108659,108670,108675,108679,108691,108740,108751,108753,108757,108780,108782,108839,108841,108855,108857,108863,108869,108875,108884,108888,108895,108899,108907,108909,108935],[10,107738,95845,107740,10932],{"id":107739},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107741,12376],{},[20,107743,107744,107747],{},[15,107745,107746],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107749,107750,107751,107753,107754,107756],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[221,107752,1138],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107755,12376],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[50,107758,1833],{"id":1832},[55,107760,107762],{"className":57,"code":107761,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107763,107764,107796,107810,107814,107824],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,107765,107766,107768,107770,107772,107774,107776,107778,107780,107782,107784,107786,107788,107790,107792,107794],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,107767,7379],{"class":70},[64,107769,75],{"class":74},[64,107771,10098],{"class":78},[64,107773,2686],{"class":320},[64,107775,576],{"class":329},[64,107777,2686],{"class":320},[64,107779,86],{"class":78},[64,107781,3184],{"class":320},[64,107783,585],{"class":329},[64,107785,2686],{"class":320},[64,107787,86],{"class":78},[64,107789,3184],{"class":320},[64,107791,594],{"class":329},[64,107793,2686],{"class":320},[64,107795,8915],{"class":78},[64,107797,107798,107800,107802,107804,107806,107808],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,107799,69576],{"class":70},[64,107801,75],{"class":74},[64,107803,5560],{"class":70},[64,107805,148],{"class":78},[64,107807,25864],{"class":115},[64,107809,8247],{"class":78},[64,107811,107812],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,107813,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,107815,107816,107818,107820,107822],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,107817,125],{"class":108},[64,107819,112],{"class":78},[64,107821,69599],{"class":115},[64,107823,119],{"class":78},[64,107825,107826,107828,107830,107832],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,107827,125],{"class":108},[64,107829,112],{"class":78},[64,107831,7410],{"class":115},[64,107833,119],{"class":78},[20,107835,107836],{},[221,107837,107838],{},"What this does:",[30,107840,107841,107846,107851],{},[33,107842,107843,107844],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,107845,7410],{},[33,107847,107848,107849],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,107850,69599],{},[33,107852,107853],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,107855,107856,88605,107858,107860,107861,107863],{},[221,107857,83463],{},[15,107859,107746],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[221,107862,1138],{}," chosen by index.",[50,107865,152,107867,155],{"id":107866},"what-setpop-does",[15,107868,107746],{},[20,107870,107871,160],{},[15,107872,107746],{},[30,107874,107875,107877,107880,107883],{},[33,107876,102687],{},[33,107878,107879],{},"Returns the removed item",[33,107881,107882],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[33,107884,107885],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,107887,95969,107888,148],{},[285,107889,95973],{"href":97144},[50,107891,1988],{"id":1987},[55,107893,107895],{"className":57,"code":107894,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,107896,107897],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,107898,107899,107901,107903,107905],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,107900,15283],{"class":70},[64,107902,148],{"class":78},[64,107904,25864],{"class":115},[64,107906,8247],{"class":78},[20,107908,12666],{},[30,107910,107911,107917,107922],{},[33,107912,107913,107914],{},"The syntax is ",[15,107915,107916],{},"my_set.pop()",[33,107918,107919,107920],{},"It takes ",[221,107921,28312],{},[33,107923,107924],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,107926,916],{},[55,107928,107930],{"className":57,"code":107929,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,107931,107932,107964,107978,107982,107992],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,107933,107934,107936,107938,107940,107942,107944,107946,107948,107950,107952,107954,107956,107958,107960,107962],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,107935,12690],{"class":70},[64,107937,75],{"class":74},[64,107939,10098],{"class":78},[64,107941,2686],{"class":320},[64,107943,12707],{"class":329},[64,107945,2686],{"class":320},[64,107947,86],{"class":78},[64,107949,3184],{"class":320},[64,107951,12724],{"class":329},[64,107953,2686],{"class":320},[64,107955,86],{"class":78},[64,107957,3184],{"class":320},[64,107959,17074],{"class":329},[64,107961,2686],{"class":320},[64,107963,8915],{"class":78},[64,107965,107966,107968,107970,107972,107974,107976],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,107967,28162],{"class":70},[64,107969,75],{"class":74},[64,107971,12738],{"class":70},[64,107973,148],{"class":78},[64,107975,25864],{"class":115},[64,107977,8247],{"class":78},[64,107979,107980],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,107981,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,107983,107984,107986,107988,107990],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,107985,125],{"class":108},[64,107987,112],{"class":78},[64,107989,22932],{"class":115},[64,107991,119],{"class":78},[64,107993,107994,107996,107998,108000],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,107995,125],{"class":108},[64,107997,112],{"class":78},[64,107999,17121],{"class":115},[64,108001,119],{"class":78},[50,108003,108005],{"id":108004},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108007,108008],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108010,1938],{},[30,108012,108013,108019,108022],{},[33,108014,108015,108016,108018],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108017,12376],{}," removes",[33,108020,108021],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[33,108023,108024,108025,108027],{},"You should not use ",[15,108026,12376],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108029,10068,108030,108032],{},[221,108031,1138],{}," valid:",[55,108034,108036],{"className":57,"code":108035,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108037,108038,108070],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,108039,108040,108042,108044,108046,108048,108050,108052,108054,108056,108058,108060,108062,108064,108066,108068],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,108041,35869],{"class":70},[64,108043,75],{"class":74},[64,108045,10098],{"class":78},[64,108047,2686],{"class":320},[64,108049,576],{"class":329},[64,108051,2686],{"class":320},[64,108053,86],{"class":78},[64,108055,3184],{"class":320},[64,108057,585],{"class":329},[64,108059,2686],{"class":320},[64,108061,86],{"class":78},[64,108063,3184],{"class":320},[64,108065,594],{"class":329},[64,108067,2686],{"class":320},[64,108069,8915],{"class":78},[64,108071,108072,108074,108076,108078,108080,108082,108084,108086],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,108073,35921],{"class":70},[64,108075,148],{"class":78},[64,108077,25864],{"class":115},[64,108079,112],{"class":78},[64,108081,2686],{"class":320},[64,108083,576],{"class":329},[64,108085,2686],{"class":320},[64,108087,119],{"class":78},[20,108089,39286,108090,108092],{},[15,108091,107746],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108094,108095,108096,212,108100,148],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[285,108097,108098],{"href":97854},[15,108099,102513],{},[285,108101,108103],{"href":108102},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108104,102504],{},[50,108106,108108],{"id":108107},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108110,108111],{},"Here is a simple example:",[55,108113,108115],{"className":57,"code":108114,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108116,108117,108151,108155,108171,108175,108194],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,108118,108119,108122,108124,108126,108128,108130,108132,108134,108136,108138,108140,108142,108144,108147,108149],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,108120,108121],{"class":70},"animals ",[64,108123,75],{"class":74},[64,108125,10098],{"class":78},[64,108127,2686],{"class":320},[64,108129,36678],{"class":329},[64,108131,2686],{"class":320},[64,108133,86],{"class":78},[64,108135,3184],{"class":320},[64,108137,57767],{"class":329},[64,108139,2686],{"class":320},[64,108141,86],{"class":78},[64,108143,3184],{"class":320},[64,108145,108146],{"class":329},"rabbit",[64,108148,2686],{"class":320},[64,108150,8915],{"class":78},[64,108152,108153],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,108154,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,108156,108157,108160,108162,108165,108167,108169],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,108158,108159],{"class":70},"removed_animal ",[64,108161,75],{"class":74},[64,108163,108164],{"class":70}," animals",[64,108166,148],{"class":78},[64,108168,25864],{"class":115},[64,108170,8247],{"class":78},[64,108172,108173],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,108174,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,108176,108177,108179,108181,108183,108185,108187,108189,108192],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,108178,125],{"class":108},[64,108180,112],{"class":78},[64,108182,2686],{"class":320},[64,108184,28580],{"class":329},[64,108186,2686],{"class":320},[64,108188,86],{"class":78},[64,108190,108191],{"class":115}," removed_animal",[64,108193,119],{"class":78},[64,108195,108196,108198,108200,108202,108205,108207,108209,108211],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,108197,125],{"class":108},[64,108199,112],{"class":78},[64,108201,2686],{"class":320},[64,108203,108204],{"class":329},"Updated set:",[64,108206,2686],{"class":320},[64,108208,86],{"class":78},[64,108210,108164],{"class":115},[64,108212,119],{"class":78},[20,108214,29654],{},[55,108216,108218],{"className":57,"code":108217,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108219,108220,108229],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,108221,108222,108224,108226],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,108223,28622],{"class":70},[64,108225,160],{"class":78},[64,108227,108228],{"class":70}," dog\n",[64,108230,108231,108234,108236,108238,108240,108242,108244,108246,108248,108250,108252,108254],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,108232,108233],{"class":70},"Updated ",[64,108235,5882],{"class":357},[64,108237,160],{"class":78},[64,108239,10098],{"class":78},[64,108241,333],{"class":320},[64,108243,36678],{"class":329},[64,108245,333],{"class":320},[64,108247,86],{"class":78},[64,108249,326],{"class":320},[64,108251,108146],{"class":329},[64,108253,333],{"class":320},[64,108255,8915],{"class":78},[20,108257,108258],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[50,108260,108262],{"id":108261},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108264,29274,108265,108267,108268,148],{},[15,108266,12376],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108269,19307],{},[20,108271,916],{},[55,108273,108275],{"className":57,"code":108274,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108276,108277,108287],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,108278,108279,108281,108283,108285],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,108280,7379],{"class":70},[64,108282,75],{"class":74},[64,108284,15250],{"class":357},[64,108286,8247],{"class":78},[64,108288,108289,108291,108293,108295],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,108290,7410],{"class":70},[64,108292,148],{"class":78},[64,108294,25864],{"class":115},[64,108296,8247],{"class":78},[20,108298,108299],{},"This raises:",[55,108301,108303],{"className":57,"code":108302,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108304,108305],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,108306,108307,108309,108311,108313,108316],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,108308,19307],{"class":357},[64,108310,160],{"class":78},[64,108312,326],{"class":320},[64,108314,108315],{"class":329},"pop from an empty set",[64,108317,29324],{"class":320},[20,108319,108320,108321,108324],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[285,108322,108323],{"href":10683},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[428,108326,108328,108329],{"id":108327},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108330,12376],{},[20,108332,108333],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[55,108335,108337],{"className":57,"code":108336,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108338,108339,108349,108353,108361,108376,108395,108401],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,108340,108341,108343,108345,108347],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,108342,7379],{"class":70},[64,108344,75],{"class":74},[64,108346,15250],{"class":357},[64,108348,8247],{"class":78},[64,108350,108351],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,108352,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,108354,108355,108357,108359],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,108356,6595],{"class":368},[64,108358,5560],{"class":70},[64,108360,5989],{"class":78},[64,108362,108363,108366,108368,108370,108372,108374],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,108364,108365],{"class":70},"    removed ",[64,108367,75],{"class":74},[64,108369,5560],{"class":70},[64,108371,148],{"class":78},[64,108373,25864],{"class":115},[64,108375,8247],{"class":78},[64,108377,108378,108380,108382,108384,108386,108388,108390,108393],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,108379,7670],{"class":108},[64,108381,112],{"class":78},[64,108383,2686],{"class":320},[64,108385,28580],{"class":329},[64,108387,2686],{"class":320},[64,108389,86],{"class":78},[64,108391,108392],{"class":115}," removed",[64,108394,119],{"class":78},[64,108396,108397,108399],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,108398,27057],{"class":368},[64,108400,5989],{"class":78},[64,108402,108403,108405,108407,108409,108412,108414],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,108404,7670],{"class":108},[64,108406,112],{"class":78},[64,108408,2686],{"class":320},[64,108410,108411],{"class":329},"The set is empty.",[64,108413,2686],{"class":320},[64,108415,119],{"class":78},[428,108417,1923,108419,896,108421],{"id":108418},"use-try-and-except",[15,108420,29428],{},[15,108422,29459],{},[20,108424,108425],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[55,108427,108429],{"className":57,"code":108428,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108430,108431,108441,108445,108451,108465,108483,108491],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,108432,108433,108435,108437,108439],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,108434,7379],{"class":70},[64,108436,75],{"class":74},[64,108438,15250],{"class":357},[64,108440,8247],{"class":78},[64,108442,108443],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,108444,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,108446,108447,108449],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,108448,29428],{"class":368},[64,108450,5989],{"class":78},[64,108452,108453,108455,108457,108459,108461,108463],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,108454,108365],{"class":70},[64,108456,75],{"class":74},[64,108458,5560],{"class":70},[64,108460,148],{"class":78},[64,108462,25864],{"class":115},[64,108464,8247],{"class":78},[64,108466,108467,108469,108471,108473,108475,108477,108479,108481],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,108468,7670],{"class":108},[64,108470,112],{"class":78},[64,108472,2686],{"class":320},[64,108474,28580],{"class":329},[64,108476,2686],{"class":320},[64,108478,86],{"class":78},[64,108480,108392],{"class":115},[64,108482,119],{"class":78},[64,108484,108485,108487,108489],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,108486,29459],{"class":368},[64,108488,29462],{"class":357},[64,108490,5989],{"class":78},[64,108492,108493,108495,108497,108499,108502,108504],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,108494,7670],{"class":108},[64,108496,112],{"class":78},[64,108498,2686],{"class":320},[64,108500,108501],{"class":329},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[64,108503,2686],{"class":320},[64,108505,119],{"class":78},[50,108507,1471,108509,10193,108511,10193,108513],{"id":108508},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108510,12376],{},[15,108512,55168],{},[15,108514,102499],{},[20,108516,108517],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[428,108519,1923,108521],{"id":108520},"use-pop",[15,108522,12376],{},[20,108524,1923,108525,10209],{},[15,108526,12376],{},[30,108528,108529,108535,108538],{},[33,108530,108531,108532],{},"You want to remove ",[221,108533,108534],{},"any one item",[33,108536,108537],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[33,108539,108540],{},"You want the removed item returned",[55,108542,108544],{"className":57,"code":108543,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108545,108546,108566,108580],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,108547,108548,108550,108552,108554,108556,108558,108560,108562,108564],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,108549,71],{"class":70},[64,108551,75],{"class":74},[64,108553,10098],{"class":78},[64,108555,83],{"class":82},[64,108557,86],{"class":78},[64,108559,89],{"class":82},[64,108561,86],{"class":78},[64,108563,94],{"class":82},[64,108565,8915],{"class":78},[64,108567,108568,108570,108572,108574,108576,108578],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,108569,2276],{"class":70},[64,108571,75],{"class":74},[64,108573,762],{"class":70},[64,108575,148],{"class":78},[64,108577,25864],{"class":115},[64,108579,8247],{"class":78},[64,108581,108582,108584,108586,108588],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,108583,125],{"class":108},[64,108585,112],{"class":78},[64,108587,2302],{"class":115},[64,108589,119],{"class":78},[428,108591,1923,108593],{"id":108592},"use-remove",[15,108594,55168],{},[20,108596,1923,108597,10209],{},[15,108598,55168],{},[30,108600,108601,108607],{},[33,108602,108603,108604],{},"You want to delete a ",[221,108605,108606],{},"specific item",[33,108608,108609],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[55,108611,108613],{"className":57,"code":108612,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108614,108615,108635,108649],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,108616,108617,108619,108621,108623,108625,108627,108629,108631,108633],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,108618,71],{"class":70},[64,108620,75],{"class":74},[64,108622,10098],{"class":78},[64,108624,83],{"class":82},[64,108626,86],{"class":78},[64,108628,89],{"class":82},[64,108630,86],{"class":78},[64,108632,94],{"class":82},[64,108634,8915],{"class":78},[64,108636,108637,108639,108641,108643,108645,108647],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,108638,116],{"class":70},[64,108640,148],{"class":78},[64,108642,34422],{"class":115},[64,108644,112],{"class":78},[64,108646,815],{"class":82},[64,108648,119],{"class":78},[64,108650,108651,108653,108655,108657],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,108652,125],{"class":108},[64,108654,112],{"class":78},[64,108656,116],{"class":115},[64,108658,119],{"class":78},[20,108660,108661,108662,108664,108665,108669],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108663,55168],{}," raises an error. See the ",[285,108666,108667,10349],{"href":97854},[15,108668,102513],{}," for details.",[428,108671,1923,108673],{"id":108672},"use-discard",[15,108674,102499],{},[20,108676,1923,108677,10209],{},[15,108678,102499],{},[30,108680,108681,108685],{},[33,108682,108603,108683],{},[221,108684,108606],{},[33,108686,108687,108688,108690],{},"You do ",[221,108689,1138],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[55,108692,108694],{"className":57,"code":108693,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108695,108696,108716,108730],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,108697,108698,108700,108702,108704,108706,108708,108710,108712,108714],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,108699,71],{"class":70},[64,108701,75],{"class":74},[64,108703,10098],{"class":78},[64,108705,83],{"class":82},[64,108707,86],{"class":78},[64,108709,89],{"class":82},[64,108711,86],{"class":78},[64,108713,94],{"class":82},[64,108715,8915],{"class":78},[64,108717,108718,108720,108722,108724,108726,108728],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,108719,116],{"class":70},[64,108721,148],{"class":78},[64,108723,102566],{"class":115},[64,108725,112],{"class":78},[64,108727,1107],{"class":82},[64,108729,119],{"class":78},[64,108731,108732,108734,108736,108738],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,108733,125],{"class":108},[64,108735,112],{"class":78},[64,108737,116],{"class":115},[64,108739,119],{"class":78},[20,108741,108742,108743,108745,108746,108750],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108744,1107],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[285,108747,108748,10349],{"href":108102},[15,108749,102504],{}," for more examples.",[50,108752,2661],{"id":2660},[20,108754,71122,108755,160],{},[15,108756,107746],{},[30,108758,108759,108765,108770,108775],{},[33,108760,108761,108762],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108763,108764],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[33,108766,8056,108767,108769],{},[15,108768,12376],{}," to remove the first or last item",[33,108771,29274,108772,108774],{},[15,108773,12376],{}," on an empty set",[33,108776,8020,108777,108779],{},[15,108778,12376],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,108781,61936],{},[55,108783,108785],{"className":57,"code":108784,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108786,108787,108797,108811,108825],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,108788,108789,108791,108793,108795],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,108790,125],{"class":108},[64,108792,112],{"class":78},[64,108794,15283],{"class":115},[64,108796,119],{"class":78},[64,108798,108799,108801,108803,108805,108807,108809],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,108800,125],{"class":108},[64,108802,112],{"class":78},[64,108804,10771],{"class":108},[64,108806,112],{"class":78},[64,108808,15283],{"class":115},[64,108810,471],{"class":78},[64,108812,108813,108815,108817,108819,108821,108823],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,108814,125],{"class":108},[64,108816,112],{"class":78},[64,108818,3052],{"class":357},[64,108820,112],{"class":78},[64,108822,15283],{"class":115},[64,108824,471],{"class":78},[64,108826,108827,108829,108831,108833,108835,108837],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,108828,28162],{"class":70},[64,108830,75],{"class":74},[64,108832,96569],{"class":70},[64,108834,148],{"class":78},[64,108836,25864],{"class":115},[64,108838,8247],{"class":78},[20,108840,25631],{},[30,108842,108843,108846,108849,108852],{},[33,108844,108845],{},"What values are in the set",[33,108847,108848],{},"Whether the set is empty",[33,108850,108851],{},"That the object is really a set",[33,108853,108854],{},"What value was actually removed",[50,108856,1651],{"id":1650},[428,108858,12317,108860,108862],{"id":108859},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,108861,107746],{}," remove the first item?",[20,108864,108865,108866,108868],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,108867,12376],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[428,108870,108872,108873,1677],{"id":108871},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,108874,107746],{},[20,108876,108877,108878,108880,108881,108883],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,108879,12376],{},", set ",[15,108882,12376],{}," does not accept an index.",[428,108885,108887],{"id":108886},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,108889,71291,108890,44265,108892,108894],{},[15,108891,19307],{},[15,108893,12376],{}," is called on an empty set.",[428,108896,108898],{"id":108897},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,108900,1923,108901,212,108903,10701,108905,148],{},[15,108902,55168],{},[15,108904,102499],{},[15,108906,12376],{},[50,108908,1717],{"id":1716},[30,108910,108911,108915,108921,108927,108931],{},[33,108912,108913],{},[285,108914,95973],{"href":97144},[33,108916,108917],{},[285,108918,96459,108919,10349],{"href":97854},[15,108920,55168],{},[33,108922,108923],{},[285,108924,96459,108925,10349],{"href":108102},[15,108926,102499],{},[33,108928,108929],{},[285,108930,10872],{"href":10683},[33,108932,108933],{},[285,108934,55154],{"href":54706},[1751,108936,108937],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":108939},[108940,108941,108943,108944,108945,108946,108952,108961,108962,108970],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":107866,"depth":100,"text":108942},"What set.pop() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":108004,"depth":100,"text":108005},{"id":108107,"depth":100,"text":108108},{"id":108261,"depth":100,"text":108262,"children":108947},[108948,108950],{"id":108327,"depth":122,"text":108949},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108418,"depth":122,"text":108951},"Use try and except",{"id":108508,"depth":100,"text":108953,"children":108954},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[108955,108957,108959],{"id":108520,"depth":122,"text":108956},"Use pop()",{"id":108592,"depth":122,"text":108958},"Use remove()",{"id":108672,"depth":122,"text":108960},"Use discard()",{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":108963},[108964,108966,108968,108969],{"id":108859,"depth":122,"text":108965},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108871,"depth":122,"text":108967},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":108886,"depth":122,"text":108887},{"id":108897,"depth":122,"text":108898},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107734,"description":108971},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":108978,"title":108979,"body":108980,"description":110134,"extension":1791,"meta":110135,"navigation":346,"path":110136,"seo":110137,"stem":110138,"__hash__":110139},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":108981,"toc":110102},[108982,108987,108992,109001,109003,109068,109072,109096,109103,109108,109112,109127,109130,109132,109151,109165,109168,109216,109220,109236,109238,109311,109315,109340,109346,109354,109358,109365,109420,109425,109442,109448,109454,109459,109467,109474,109478,109486,109541,109543,109560,109564,109571,109636,109640,109673,109675,109687,109694,109696,109701,109708,109710,109779,109783,109791,109793,109857,109861,109866,109913,109918,109986,109994,110001,110004,110010,110015,110019,110021,110024,110026,110031,110036,110042,110047,110054,110062,110068,110071,110073,110099],[10,108983,95845,108985,10932],{"id":108984},"python-set-remove-method",[15,108986,55168],{},[20,108988,108989,108991],{},[15,108990,102513],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,108993,108994,108995,108998,108999,148],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[221,108996,108997],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109000,19307],{},[50,109002,1833],{"id":1832},[55,109004,109006],{"className":57,"code":109005,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109007,109008,109040,109058],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,109009,109010,109012,109014,109016,109018,109020,109022,109024,109026,109028,109030,109032,109034,109036,109038],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109011,12690],{"class":70},[64,109013,75],{"class":74},[64,109015,10098],{"class":78},[64,109017,2686],{"class":320},[64,109019,12707],{"class":329},[64,109021,2686],{"class":320},[64,109023,86],{"class":78},[64,109025,3184],{"class":320},[64,109027,12724],{"class":329},[64,109029,2686],{"class":320},[64,109031,86],{"class":78},[64,109033,3184],{"class":320},[64,109035,17074],{"class":329},[64,109037,2686],{"class":320},[64,109039,8915],{"class":78},[64,109041,109042,109044,109046,109048,109050,109052,109054,109056],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,109043,17121],{"class":70},[64,109045,148],{"class":78},[64,109047,34422],{"class":115},[64,109049,112],{"class":78},[64,109051,2686],{"class":320},[64,109053,12724],{"class":329},[64,109055,2686],{"class":320},[64,109057,119],{"class":78},[64,109059,109060,109062,109064,109066],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,109061,125],{"class":108},[64,109063,112],{"class":78},[64,109065,17121],{"class":115},[64,109067,119],{"class":78},[20,109069,109070],{},[221,109071,29654],{},[55,109073,109074],{"className":57,"code":103193,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,109075,109076],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,109077,109078,109080,109082,109084,109086,109088,109090,109092,109094],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109079,8884],{"class":78},[64,109081,333],{"class":320},[64,109083,12707],{"class":329},[64,109085,333],{"class":320},[64,109087,86],{"class":78},[64,109089,326],{"class":320},[64,109091,17074],{"class":329},[64,109093,333],{"class":320},[64,109095,8915],{"class":78},[20,109097,1923,109098,109100,109101,148],{},[15,109099,55168],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109102,19307],{},[50,109104,152,109106,155],{"id":109105},"what-setremove-does",[15,109107,102513],{},[20,109109,109110,160],{},[15,109111,102513],{},[30,109113,109114,109117,109119,109121],{},[33,109115,109116],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[33,109118,95960],{},[33,109120,95963],{},[33,109122,109123,109124,109126],{},"Raises ",[15,109125,19307],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109128,109129],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[50,109131,1988],{"id":1987},[55,109133,109135],{"className":57,"code":109134,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109136,109137],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,109138,109139,109141,109143,109145,109147,109149],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109140,15283],{"class":70},[64,109142,148],{"class":78},[64,109144,34422],{"class":115},[64,109146,112],{"class":78},[64,109148,2302],{"class":115},[64,109150,119],{"class":78},[30,109152,109153,109157,109162],{},[33,109154,109155,102735],{},[15,109156,15283],{},[33,109158,109159,109161],{},[15,109160,2302],{}," is the item to remove",[33,109163,109164],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109166,109167],{},"Here is a small example:",[55,109169,109170],{"className":57,"code":108612,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,109171,109172,109192,109206],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,109173,109174,109176,109178,109180,109182,109184,109186,109188,109190],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109175,71],{"class":70},[64,109177,75],{"class":74},[64,109179,10098],{"class":78},[64,109181,83],{"class":82},[64,109183,86],{"class":78},[64,109185,89],{"class":82},[64,109187,86],{"class":78},[64,109189,94],{"class":82},[64,109191,8915],{"class":78},[64,109193,109194,109196,109198,109200,109202,109204],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,109195,116],{"class":70},[64,109197,148],{"class":78},[64,109199,34422],{"class":115},[64,109201,112],{"class":78},[64,109203,815],{"class":82},[64,109205,119],{"class":78},[64,109207,109208,109210,109212,109214],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,109209,125],{"class":108},[64,109211,112],{"class":78},[64,109213,116],{"class":115},[64,109215,119],{"class":78},[20,109217,109218],{},[221,109219,29654],{},[55,109221,109222],{"className":57,"code":100943,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,109223,109224],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,109225,109226,109228,109230,109232,109234],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109227,8884],{"class":78},[64,109229,83],{"class":82},[64,109231,86],{"class":78},[64,109233,94],{"class":82},[64,109235,8915],{"class":78},[50,109237,11086],{"id":11085},[55,109239,109241],{"className":57,"code":109240,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109242,109243,109275,109279,109297,109301],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,109244,109245,109247,109249,109251,109253,109255,109257,109259,109261,109263,109265,109267,109269,109271,109273],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109246,35869],{"class":70},[64,109248,75],{"class":74},[64,109250,10098],{"class":78},[64,109252,2686],{"class":320},[64,109254,576],{"class":329},[64,109256,2686],{"class":320},[64,109258,86],{"class":78},[64,109260,3184],{"class":320},[64,109262,585],{"class":329},[64,109264,2686],{"class":320},[64,109266,86],{"class":78},[64,109268,3184],{"class":320},[64,109270,32847],{"class":329},[64,109272,2686],{"class":320},[64,109274,8915],{"class":78},[64,109276,109277],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,109278,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,109280,109281,109283,109285,109287,109289,109291,109293,109295],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,109282,35921],{"class":70},[64,109284,148],{"class":78},[64,109286,34422],{"class":115},[64,109288,112],{"class":78},[64,109290,2686],{"class":320},[64,109292,585],{"class":329},[64,109294,2686],{"class":320},[64,109296,119],{"class":78},[64,109298,109299],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,109300,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,109302,109303,109305,109307,109309],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,109304,125],{"class":108},[64,109306,112],{"class":78},[64,109308,35921],{"class":115},[64,109310,119],{"class":78},[20,109312,109313],{},[221,109314,29654],{},[55,109316,109318],{"className":57,"code":109317,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109319,109320],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,109321,109322,109324,109326,109328,109330,109332,109334,109336,109338],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109323,8884],{"class":78},[64,109325,333],{"class":320},[64,109327,576],{"class":329},[64,109329,333],{"class":320},[64,109331,86],{"class":78},[64,109333,326],{"class":320},[64,109335,32847],{"class":329},[64,109337,333],{"class":320},[64,109339,8915],{"class":78},[20,109341,109342,109343,109345],{},"This removes ",[15,109344,64916],{}," from the set.",[20,109347,109348,109349,109351,109352,148],{},"A set does ",[221,109350,1138],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[285,109353,95977],{"href":97528},[50,109355,109357],{"id":109356},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109359,109360,109361,52133,109363,148],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109362,55168],{},[15,109364,19307],{},[55,109366,109368],{"className":57,"code":109367,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109369,109370,109402],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,109371,109372,109374,109376,109378,109380,109382,109384,109386,109388,109390,109392,109394,109396,109398,109400],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109373,12690],{"class":70},[64,109375,75],{"class":74},[64,109377,10098],{"class":78},[64,109379,2686],{"class":320},[64,109381,12707],{"class":329},[64,109383,2686],{"class":320},[64,109385,86],{"class":78},[64,109387,3184],{"class":320},[64,109389,12724],{"class":329},[64,109391,2686],{"class":320},[64,109393,86],{"class":78},[64,109395,3184],{"class":320},[64,109397,17074],{"class":329},[64,109399,2686],{"class":320},[64,109401,8915],{"class":78},[64,109403,109404,109406,109408,109410,109412,109414,109416,109418],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,109405,17121],{"class":70},[64,109407,148],{"class":78},[64,109409,34422],{"class":115},[64,109411,112],{"class":78},[64,109413,2686],{"class":320},[64,109415,22145],{"class":329},[64,109417,2686],{"class":320},[64,109419,119],{"class":78},[20,109421,109422],{},[221,109423,109424],{},"Result:",[55,109426,109428],{"className":57,"code":109427,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109429,109430],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,109431,109432,109434,109436,109438,109440],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109433,19307],{"class":357},[64,109435,160],{"class":78},[64,109437,326],{"class":320},[64,109439,22145],{"class":329},[64,109441,29324],{"class":320},[20,109443,21810,109444,109447],{},[15,109445,109446],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109449,109450,109451,109453],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109452,55168],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109455,109456,109457,148],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[285,109458,10872],{"href":10683},[50,109460,696,109462,109464,109465],{"id":109461},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109463,55168],{}," is different from ",[15,109466,102499],{},[20,109468,109469,896,109471,109473],{},[15,109470,55168],{},[15,109472,102499],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[428,109475,109476],{"id":34422},[15,109477,55168],{},[30,109479,109480,109483],{},[33,109481,109482],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[33,109484,109485],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[55,109487,109489],{"className":57,"code":109488,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109490,109491,109523],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,109492,109493,109495,109497,109499,109501,109503,109505,109507,109509,109511,109513,109515,109517,109519,109521],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109494,35720],{"class":70},[64,109496,75],{"class":74},[64,109498,10098],{"class":78},[64,109500,2686],{"class":320},[64,109502,285],{"class":329},[64,109504,2686],{"class":320},[64,109506,86],{"class":78},[64,109508,3184],{"class":320},[64,109510,1269],{"class":329},[64,109512,2686],{"class":320},[64,109514,86],{"class":78},[64,109516,3184],{"class":320},[64,109518,9346],{"class":329},[64,109520,2686],{"class":320},[64,109522,8915],{"class":78},[64,109524,109525,109527,109529,109531,109533,109535,109537,109539],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,109526,35773],{"class":70},[64,109528,148],{"class":78},[64,109530,34422],{"class":115},[64,109532,112],{"class":78},[64,109534,2686],{"class":320},[64,109536,18387],{"class":329},[64,109538,2686],{"class":320},[64,109540,119],{"class":78},[20,109542,108299],{},[55,109544,109546],{"className":57,"code":109545,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109547,109548],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,109549,109550,109552,109554,109556,109558],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109551,19307],{"class":357},[64,109553,160],{"class":78},[64,109555,326],{"class":320},[64,109557,18387],{"class":329},[64,109559,29324],{"class":320},[428,109561,109562],{"id":102566},[15,109563,102499],{},[30,109565,109566,109568],{},[33,109567,109482],{},[33,109569,109570],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[55,109572,109574],{"className":57,"code":109573,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109575,109576,109608,109626],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,109577,109578,109580,109582,109584,109586,109588,109590,109592,109594,109596,109598,109600,109602,109604,109606],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109579,35720],{"class":70},[64,109581,75],{"class":74},[64,109583,10098],{"class":78},[64,109585,2686],{"class":320},[64,109587,285],{"class":329},[64,109589,2686],{"class":320},[64,109591,86],{"class":78},[64,109593,3184],{"class":320},[64,109595,1269],{"class":329},[64,109597,2686],{"class":320},[64,109599,86],{"class":78},[64,109601,3184],{"class":320},[64,109603,9346],{"class":329},[64,109605,2686],{"class":320},[64,109607,8915],{"class":78},[64,109609,109610,109612,109614,109616,109618,109620,109622,109624],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,109611,35773],{"class":70},[64,109613,148],{"class":78},[64,109615,102566],{"class":115},[64,109617,112],{"class":78},[64,109619,2686],{"class":320},[64,109621,18387],{"class":329},[64,109623,2686],{"class":320},[64,109625,119],{"class":78},[64,109627,109628,109630,109632,109634],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,109629,125],{"class":108},[64,109631,112],{"class":78},[64,109633,35773],{"class":115},[64,109635,119],{"class":78},[20,109637,109638],{},[221,109639,384],{},[55,109641,109643],{"className":57,"code":109642,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109644,109645],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,109646,109647,109649,109651,109653,109655,109657,109659,109661,109663,109665,109667,109669,109671],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109648,8884],{"class":78},[64,109650,333],{"class":320},[64,109652,285],{"class":329},[64,109654,333],{"class":320},[64,109656,86],{"class":78},[64,109658,326],{"class":320},[64,109660,1269],{"class":329},[64,109662,333],{"class":320},[64,109664,86],{"class":78},[64,109666,326],{"class":320},[64,109668,9346],{"class":329},[64,109670,333],{"class":320},[64,109672,8915],{"class":78},[20,109674,18314],{},[30,109676,109677,109682],{},[33,109678,109679,109681],{},[15,109680,55168],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[33,109683,109684,109686],{},[15,109685,102499],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109688,109689,109690,148],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[285,109691,96459,109692,10349],{"href":108102},[15,109693,102499],{},[50,109695,1023],{"id":1022},[428,109697,8056,109699,96839],{"id":109698},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109700,55168],{},[20,109702,109703,109705,109706,148],{},[15,109704,55168],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109707,258],{},[20,109709,16261],{},[55,109711,109713],{"className":57,"code":109712,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109714,109715,109747,109769],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,109716,109717,109719,109721,109723,109725,109727,109729,109731,109733,109735,109737,109739,109741,109743,109745],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109718,12690],{"class":70},[64,109720,75],{"class":74},[64,109722,10098],{"class":78},[64,109724,2686],{"class":320},[64,109726,12707],{"class":329},[64,109728,2686],{"class":320},[64,109730,86],{"class":78},[64,109732,3184],{"class":320},[64,109734,12724],{"class":329},[64,109736,2686],{"class":320},[64,109738,86],{"class":78},[64,109740,3184],{"class":320},[64,109742,17074],{"class":329},[64,109744,2686],{"class":320},[64,109746,8915],{"class":78},[64,109748,109749,109751,109753,109755,109757,109759,109761,109763,109765,109767],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,109750,12733],{"class":70},[64,109752,75],{"class":74},[64,109754,12738],{"class":70},[64,109756,148],{"class":78},[64,109758,34422],{"class":115},[64,109760,112],{"class":78},[64,109762,2686],{"class":320},[64,109764,12724],{"class":329},[64,109766,2686],{"class":320},[64,109768,119],{"class":78},[64,109770,109771,109773,109775,109777],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,109772,125],{"class":108},[64,109774,112],{"class":78},[64,109776,12757],{"class":115},[64,109778,119],{"class":78},[20,109780,109781],{},[221,109782,384],{},[55,109784,109785],{"className":57,"code":11420,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,109786,109787],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,109788,109789],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109790,11420],{"class":338},[20,109792,16273],{},[55,109794,109795],{"className":57,"code":109005,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,109796,109797,109829,109847],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,109798,109799,109801,109803,109805,109807,109809,109811,109813,109815,109817,109819,109821,109823,109825,109827],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109800,12690],{"class":70},[64,109802,75],{"class":74},[64,109804,10098],{"class":78},[64,109806,2686],{"class":320},[64,109808,12707],{"class":329},[64,109810,2686],{"class":320},[64,109812,86],{"class":78},[64,109814,3184],{"class":320},[64,109816,12724],{"class":329},[64,109818,2686],{"class":320},[64,109820,86],{"class":78},[64,109822,3184],{"class":320},[64,109824,17074],{"class":329},[64,109826,2686],{"class":320},[64,109828,8915],{"class":78},[64,109830,109831,109833,109835,109837,109839,109841,109843,109845],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,109832,17121],{"class":70},[64,109834,148],{"class":78},[64,109836,34422],{"class":115},[64,109838,112],{"class":78},[64,109840,2686],{"class":320},[64,109842,12724],{"class":329},[64,109844,2686],{"class":320},[64,109846,119],{"class":78},[64,109848,109849,109851,109853,109855],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,109850,125],{"class":108},[64,109852,112],{"class":78},[64,109854,17121],{"class":115},[64,109856,119],{"class":78},[428,109858,109860],{"id":109859},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,109862,109863,109864,148],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,109865,19307],{},[55,109867,109869],{"className":57,"code":109868,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109870,109871,109895],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,109872,109873,109875,109877,109879,109881,109883,109885,109887,109889,109891,109893],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109874,12690],{"class":70},[64,109876,75],{"class":74},[64,109878,10098],{"class":78},[64,109880,2686],{"class":320},[64,109882,12707],{"class":329},[64,109884,2686],{"class":320},[64,109886,86],{"class":78},[64,109888,3184],{"class":320},[64,109890,12724],{"class":329},[64,109892,2686],{"class":320},[64,109894,8915],{"class":78},[64,109896,109897,109899,109901,109903,109905,109907,109909,109911],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,109898,17121],{"class":70},[64,109900,148],{"class":78},[64,109902,34422],{"class":115},[64,109904,112],{"class":78},[64,109906,2686],{"class":320},[64,109908,17074],{"class":329},[64,109910,2686],{"class":320},[64,109912,119],{"class":78},[20,109914,109915,109916,160],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,109917,375],{},[55,109919,109921],{"className":57,"code":109920,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109922,109923,109947,109951,109967],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,109924,109925,109927,109929,109931,109933,109935,109937,109939,109941,109943,109945],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,109926,12690],{"class":70},[64,109928,75],{"class":74},[64,109930,10098],{"class":78},[64,109932,2686],{"class":320},[64,109934,12707],{"class":329},[64,109936,2686],{"class":320},[64,109938,86],{"class":78},[64,109940,3184],{"class":320},[64,109942,12724],{"class":329},[64,109944,2686],{"class":320},[64,109946,8915],{"class":78},[64,109948,109949],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,109950,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,109952,109953,109955,109957,109959,109961,109963,109965],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,109954,6595],{"class":368},[64,109956,3184],{"class":320},[64,109958,17074],{"class":329},[64,109960,2686],{"class":320},[64,109962,20794],{"class":74},[64,109964,12738],{"class":70},[64,109966,5989],{"class":78},[64,109968,109969,109972,109974,109976,109978,109980,109982,109984],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,109970,109971],{"class":70},"    colors",[64,109973,148],{"class":78},[64,109975,34422],{"class":115},[64,109977,112],{"class":78},[64,109979,2686],{"class":320},[64,109981,17074],{"class":329},[64,109983,2686],{"class":320},[64,109985,119],{"class":78},[20,109987,109988,109989,109993],{},"Or use ",[285,109990,109991],{"href":108102},[15,109992,102499],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[428,109995,36835,109997,8309,109999],{"id":109996},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,109998,102513],{},[15,110000,54714],{},[20,110002,110003],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110005,110006,110007,110009],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110008,102513],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110011,110012,110013,148],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[285,110014,98723],{"href":98722},[428,110016,110018],{"id":110017},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110020,108008],{},[20,110022,110023],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[50,110025,1651],{"id":1650},[428,110027,12317,110029,96938],{"id":110028},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110030,102513],{},[20,110032,110033,110034,148],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110035,258],{},[428,110037,29912,110039,110041],{"id":110038},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110040,102513],{}," raise?",[20,110043,29918,110044,110046],{},[15,110045,19307],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[428,110048,21041,110050,212,110052,1677],{"id":110049},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110051,55168],{},[15,110053,102499],{},[20,110055,1923,110056,110058,110059,110061],{},[15,110057,55168],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110060,102499],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[428,110063,1684,110065,110067],{"id":110064},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110066,102513],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110069,110070],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[50,110072,1717],{"id":1716},[30,110074,110075,110081,110087,110091,110095],{},[33,110076,110077],{},[285,110078,96459,110079,10349],{"href":108102},[15,110080,102499],{},[33,110082,110083],{},[285,110084,96459,110085,10349],{"href":97859},[15,110086,12376],{},[33,110088,110089],{},[285,110090,96983],{"href":97528},[33,110092,110093],{},[285,110094,99989],{"href":98722},[33,110096,110097],{},[285,110098,10872],{"href":10683},[1751,110100,110101],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":110103},[110104,110105,110107,110108,110109,110110,110115,110123,110133],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":109105,"depth":100,"text":110106},"What set.remove() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":11085,"depth":100,"text":11086},{"id":109356,"depth":100,"text":109357},{"id":109461,"depth":100,"text":110111,"children":110112},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110113,110114],{"id":34422,"depth":122,"text":55168},{"id":102566,"depth":122,"text":102499},{"id":1022,"depth":100,"text":1023,"children":110116},[110117,110119,110120,110122],{"id":109698,"depth":122,"text":110118},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109859,"depth":122,"text":109860},{"id":109996,"depth":122,"text":110121},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110017,"depth":122,"text":110018},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":110124},[110125,110127,110129,110131],{"id":110028,"depth":122,"text":110126},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110038,"depth":122,"text":110128},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110049,"depth":122,"text":110130},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110064,"depth":122,"text":110132},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":108979,"description":110134},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110141,"title":110142,"body":110143,"description":111516,"extension":1791,"meta":111517,"navigation":346,"path":111518,"seo":111519,"stem":111520,"__hash__":111521},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110144,"toc":111491},[110145,110151,110157,110160,110163,110177,110179,110260,110263,110268,110272,110286,110293,110295,110314,110317,110335,110337,110417,110419,110444,110448,110451,110459,110464,110469,110471,110484,110489,110492,110516,110519,110527,110529,110532,110629,110631,110664,110666,110692,110699,110702,110706,110714,110718,110726,110728,110818,110820,110834,110841,110846,110851,110853,110944,110946,110958,110960,110974,110980,110988,110990,111072,111074,111119,111122,111130,111133,111135,111139,111182,111184,111204,111209,111211,111296,111298,111303,111305,111312,111320,111326,111329,111331,111417,111419,111443,111447,111450,111452,111479,111489],[10,110146,95845,110148,10932],{"id":110147},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110149,110150],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110152,110153,110156],{},[15,110154,110155],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110158,110159],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110161,110162],{},"Use it when:",[30,110164,110165,110168,110174],{},[33,110166,110167],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[33,110169,110170,110171,110173],{},"you do ",[221,110172,1138],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[33,110175,110176],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[50,110178,53],{"id":52},[55,110180,110182],{"className":57,"code":110181,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110183,110184,110204,110224,110228,110247],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,110185,110186,110188,110190,110192,110194,110196,110198,110200,110202],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,110187,2384],{"class":70},[64,110189,75],{"class":74},[64,110191,10098],{"class":78},[64,110193,83],{"class":82},[64,110195,86],{"class":78},[64,110197,89],{"class":82},[64,110199,86],{"class":78},[64,110201,94],{"class":82},[64,110203,8915],{"class":78},[64,110205,110206,110208,110210,110212,110214,110216,110218,110220,110222],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,110207,2412],{"class":70},[64,110209,75],{"class":74},[64,110211,10098],{"class":78},[64,110213,1892],{"class":82},[64,110215,86],{"class":78},[64,110217,2286],{"class":82},[64,110219,86],{"class":78},[64,110221,1112],{"class":82},[64,110223,8915],{"class":78},[64,110225,110226],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,110227,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,110229,110230,110232,110234,110236,110238,110241,110243,110245],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,110231,103],{"class":70},[64,110233,75],{"class":74},[64,110235,56527],{"class":70},[64,110237,148],{"class":78},[64,110239,110240],{"class":115},"symmetric_difference",[64,110242,112],{"class":78},[64,110244,1269],{"class":115},[64,110246,119],{"class":78},[64,110248,110249,110251,110253,110255,110257],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,110250,125],{"class":108},[64,110252,112],{"class":78},[64,110254,130],{"class":115},[64,110256,133],{"class":78},[64,110258,110259],{"class":136},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110261,110262],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[50,110264,152,110266,155],{"id":110265},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110267,110150],{},[20,110269,110270,160],{},[15,110271,110155],{},[30,110273,110274,110277,110280,110283],{},[33,110275,110276],{},"returns a new set",[33,110278,110279],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[33,110281,110282],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[33,110284,110285],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110287,95969,110288,212,110290,148],{},[285,110289,95973],{"href":95972},[285,110291,110292],{"href":95976},"creating a set in Python",[50,110294,1988],{"id":1987},[55,110296,110298],{"className":57,"code":110297,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110299,110300],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,110301,110302,110304,110306,110308,110310,110312],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,110303,100230],{"class":70},[64,110305,148],{"class":78},[64,110307,110240],{"class":115},[64,110309,112],{"class":78},[64,110311,100239],{"class":115},[64,110313,119],{"class":78},[20,110315,110316],{},"Notes:",[30,110318,110319,110324,110329,110332],{},[33,110320,110321,110323],{},[15,110322,100230],{}," must be a set",[33,110325,110326,110328],{},[15,110327,100239],{}," can be any iterable",[33,110330,110331],{},"the result is always a set",[33,110333,110334],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110336,916],{},[55,110338,110340],{"className":57,"code":110339,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110341,110342,110363,110384,110388,110407],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,110343,110344,110347,110349,110351,110353,110355,110357,110359,110361],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,110345,110346],{"class":70},"set1 ",[64,110348,75],{"class":74},[64,110350,10098],{"class":78},[64,110352,83],{"class":82},[64,110354,86],{"class":78},[64,110356,89],{"class":82},[64,110358,86],{"class":78},[64,110360,94],{"class":82},[64,110362,8915],{"class":78},[64,110364,110365,110368,110370,110372,110374,110376,110378,110380,110382],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,110366,110367],{"class":70},"set2 ",[64,110369,75],{"class":74},[64,110371,10098],{"class":78},[64,110373,1892],{"class":82},[64,110375,86],{"class":78},[64,110377,2286],{"class":82},[64,110379,86],{"class":78},[64,110381,1112],{"class":82},[64,110383,8915],{"class":78},[64,110385,110386],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,110387,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,110389,110390,110392,110394,110397,110399,110401,110403,110405],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,110391,103],{"class":70},[64,110393,75],{"class":74},[64,110395,110396],{"class":70}," set1",[64,110398,148],{"class":78},[64,110400,110240],{"class":115},[64,110402,112],{"class":78},[64,110404,100239],{"class":115},[64,110406,119],{"class":78},[64,110408,110409,110411,110413,110415],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,110410,125],{"class":108},[64,110412,112],{"class":78},[64,110414,130],{"class":115},[64,110416,119],{"class":78},[20,110418,384],{},[55,110420,110422],{"className":57,"code":110421,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110423,110424],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,110425,110426,110428,110430,110432,110434,110436,110438,110440,110442],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,110427,8884],{"class":78},[64,110429,83],{"class":82},[64,110431,86],{"class":78},[64,110433,89],{"class":82},[64,110435,86],{"class":78},[64,110437,2286],{"class":82},[64,110439,86],{"class":78},[64,110441,1112],{"class":82},[64,110443,8915],{"class":78},[50,110445,110447],{"id":110446},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110449,110450],{},"The result includes:",[30,110452,110453,110456],{},[33,110454,110455],{},"items only in the first set",[33,110457,110458],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110460,110461,110462,10692],{},"The result does ",[221,110463,1138],{},[30,110465,110466],{},[33,110467,110468],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110470,5065],{},[30,110472,110473,110478],{},[33,110474,110475,110476],{},"first set: ",[15,110477,99927],{},[33,110479,110480,110481],{},"second set: ",[15,110482,110483],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110485,546,110486,110488],{},[15,110487,1892],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110490,110491],{},"The output is:",[55,110493,110494],{"className":57,"code":110421,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,110495,110496],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,110497,110498,110500,110502,110504,110506,110508,110510,110512,110514],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,110499,8884],{"class":78},[64,110501,83],{"class":82},[64,110503,86],{"class":78},[64,110505,89],{"class":82},[64,110507,86],{"class":78},[64,110509,2286],{"class":82},[64,110511,86],{"class":78},[64,110513,1112],{"class":82},[64,110515,8915],{"class":78},[20,110517,110518],{},"Also remember:",[30,110520,110521,110524],{},[33,110522,110523],{},"sets are unordered",[33,110525,110526],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[50,110528,11086],{"id":11085},[20,110530,110531],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[55,110533,110535],{"className":57,"code":110534,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110536,110537,110569,110593,110597,110615,110619],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,110538,110539,110541,110543,110545,110547,110549,110551,110553,110555,110557,110559,110561,110563,110565,110567],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,110540,106670],{"class":70},[64,110542,75],{"class":74},[64,110544,10098],{"class":78},[64,110546,2686],{"class":320},[64,110548,12707],{"class":329},[64,110550,2686],{"class":320},[64,110552,86],{"class":78},[64,110554,3184],{"class":320},[64,110556,12724],{"class":329},[64,110558,2686],{"class":320},[64,110560,86],{"class":78},[64,110562,3184],{"class":320},[64,110564,17074],{"class":329},[64,110566,2686],{"class":320},[64,110568,8915],{"class":78},[64,110570,110571,110573,110575,110577,110579,110581,110583,110585,110587,110589,110591],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,110572,106703],{"class":70},[64,110574,75],{"class":74},[64,110576,10098],{"class":78},[64,110578,2686],{"class":320},[64,110580,17074],{"class":329},[64,110582,2686],{"class":320},[64,110584,86],{"class":78},[64,110586,3184],{"class":320},[64,110588,22145],{"class":329},[64,110590,2686],{"class":320},[64,110592,8915],{"class":78},[64,110594,110595],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,110596,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,110598,110599,110601,110603,110605,110607,110609,110611,110613],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,110600,103],{"class":70},[64,110602,75],{"class":74},[64,110604,106745],{"class":70},[64,110606,148],{"class":78},[64,110608,110240],{"class":115},[64,110610,112],{"class":78},[64,110612,106754],{"class":115},[64,110614,119],{"class":78},[64,110616,110617],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,110618,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,110620,110621,110623,110625,110627],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,110622,125],{"class":108},[64,110624,112],{"class":78},[64,110626,130],{"class":115},[64,110628,119],{"class":78},[20,110630,384],{},[55,110632,110634],{"className":57,"code":110633,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110635,110636],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,110637,110638,110640,110642,110644,110646,110648,110650,110652,110654,110656,110658,110660,110662],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,110639,8884],{"class":78},[64,110641,333],{"class":320},[64,110643,12707],{"class":329},[64,110645,333],{"class":320},[64,110647,86],{"class":78},[64,110649,326],{"class":320},[64,110651,12724],{"class":329},[64,110653,333],{"class":320},[64,110655,86],{"class":78},[64,110657,326],{"class":320},[64,110659,22145],{"class":329},[64,110661,333],{"class":320},[64,110663,8915],{"class":78},[20,110665,13024],{},[30,110667,110668,110673,110684],{},[33,110669,110670,110672],{},[15,110671,96138],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[33,110674,110675,896,110677,110680,110681,110683],{},[15,110676,65034],{},[15,110678,110679],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110682,106807],{},", so they stay",[33,110685,110686,110688,110689,110691],{},[15,110687,109446],{}," is only in ",[15,110690,106754],{},", so it stays",[50,110693,110695,10193,110697],{"id":110694},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110696,110150],{},[15,110698,100059],{},[20,110700,110701],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110703,110704,160],{},[15,110705,100059],{},[30,110707,110708,110711],{},[33,110709,110710],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[33,110712,110713],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110715,110716,160],{},[15,110717,110150],{},[30,110719,110720,110723],{},[33,110721,110722],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[33,110724,110725],{},"removes shared items",[20,110727,916],{},[55,110729,110731],{"className":57,"code":110730,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110732,110733,110753,110773,110777,110798],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,110734,110735,110737,110739,110741,110743,110745,110747,110749,110751],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,110736,2384],{"class":70},[64,110738,75],{"class":74},[64,110740,10098],{"class":78},[64,110742,83],{"class":82},[64,110744,86],{"class":78},[64,110746,89],{"class":82},[64,110748,86],{"class":78},[64,110750,94],{"class":82},[64,110752,8915],{"class":78},[64,110754,110755,110757,110759,110761,110763,110765,110767,110769,110771],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,110756,2412],{"class":70},[64,110758,75],{"class":74},[64,110760,10098],{"class":78},[64,110762,1892],{"class":82},[64,110764,86],{"class":78},[64,110766,2286],{"class":82},[64,110768,86],{"class":78},[64,110770,1112],{"class":82},[64,110772,8915],{"class":78},[64,110774,110775],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,110776,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,110778,110779,110781,110783,110785,110787,110789,110791,110793,110795],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,110780,125],{"class":108},[64,110782,112],{"class":78},[64,110784,285],{"class":115},[64,110786,148],{"class":78},[64,110788,2642],{"class":115},[64,110790,112],{"class":78},[64,110792,1269],{"class":115},[64,110794,4954],{"class":78},[64,110796,110797],{"class":136},"            # {1, 2}\n",[64,110799,110800,110802,110804,110806,110808,110810,110812,110814,110816],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,110801,125],{"class":108},[64,110803,112],{"class":78},[64,110805,285],{"class":115},[64,110807,148],{"class":78},[64,110809,110240],{"class":115},[64,110811,112],{"class":78},[64,110813,1269],{"class":115},[64,110815,4954],{"class":78},[64,110817,110259],{"class":136},[20,110819,18314],{},[30,110821,110822,110829],{},[33,110823,110824,110828],{},[285,110825,110826],{"href":102485},[15,110827,100059],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[33,110830,110831,110833],{},[15,110832,110150],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[50,110835,110837,10193,110839],{"id":110836},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,110838,110150],{},[15,110840,102444],{},[20,110842,110843,110845],{},[15,110844,102444],{}," combines both sets.",[20,110847,110848,110850],{},[15,110849,110150],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,110852,916],{},[55,110854,110856],{"className":57,"code":110855,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110857,110858,110878,110898,110902,110924],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,110859,110860,110862,110864,110866,110868,110870,110872,110874,110876],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,110861,2384],{"class":70},[64,110863,75],{"class":74},[64,110865,10098],{"class":78},[64,110867,83],{"class":82},[64,110869,86],{"class":78},[64,110871,89],{"class":82},[64,110873,86],{"class":78},[64,110875,94],{"class":82},[64,110877,8915],{"class":78},[64,110879,110880,110882,110884,110886,110888,110890,110892,110894,110896],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,110881,2412],{"class":70},[64,110883,75],{"class":74},[64,110885,10098],{"class":78},[64,110887,1892],{"class":82},[64,110889,86],{"class":78},[64,110891,2286],{"class":82},[64,110893,86],{"class":78},[64,110895,1112],{"class":82},[64,110897,8915],{"class":78},[64,110899,110900],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,110901,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,110903,110904,110906,110908,110910,110912,110915,110917,110919,110921],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,110905,125],{"class":108},[64,110907,112],{"class":78},[64,110909,285],{"class":115},[64,110911,148],{"class":78},[64,110913,110914],{"class":115},"union",[64,110916,112],{"class":78},[64,110918,1269],{"class":115},[64,110920,4954],{"class":78},[64,110922,110923],{"class":136},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[64,110925,110926,110928,110930,110932,110934,110936,110938,110940,110942],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,110927,125],{"class":108},[64,110929,112],{"class":78},[64,110931,285],{"class":115},[64,110933,148],{"class":78},[64,110935,110240],{"class":115},[64,110937,112],{"class":78},[64,110939,1269],{"class":115},[64,110941,4954],{"class":78},[64,110943,110259],{"class":136},[20,110945,26844],{},[30,110947,110948,110953],{},[33,110949,110950,110952],{},[15,110951,102444],{}," includes everything",[33,110954,110955,110957],{},[15,110956,110150],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,110959,18314],{},[30,110961,110962,110969],{},[33,110963,110964,110968],{},[285,110965,110966],{"href":107375},[15,110967,102444],{}," when overlap does not matter",[33,110970,110971,110973],{},[15,110972,110150],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[50,110975,36243,110977,101243],{"id":110976},"using-the-operator",[15,110978,110979],{},"^",[20,110981,110982,110983,110985,110986,148],{},"For sets, the ",[15,110984,110979],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,110987,110150],{},[20,110989,916],{},[55,110991,110993],{"className":57,"code":110992,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,110994,110995,111015,111035,111039,111057],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,110996,110997,110999,111001,111003,111005,111007,111009,111011,111013],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,110998,110346],{"class":70},[64,111000,75],{"class":74},[64,111002,10098],{"class":78},[64,111004,83],{"class":82},[64,111006,86],{"class":78},[64,111008,89],{"class":82},[64,111010,86],{"class":78},[64,111012,94],{"class":82},[64,111014,8915],{"class":78},[64,111016,111017,111019,111021,111023,111025,111027,111029,111031,111033],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,111018,110367],{"class":70},[64,111020,75],{"class":74},[64,111022,10098],{"class":78},[64,111024,1892],{"class":82},[64,111026,86],{"class":78},[64,111028,2286],{"class":82},[64,111030,86],{"class":78},[64,111032,1112],{"class":82},[64,111034,8915],{"class":78},[64,111036,111037],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,111038,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,111040,111041,111043,111045,111047,111049,111051,111053,111055],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,111042,125],{"class":108},[64,111044,112],{"class":78},[64,111046,100230],{"class":115},[64,111048,148],{"class":78},[64,111050,110240],{"class":115},[64,111052,112],{"class":78},[64,111054,100239],{"class":115},[64,111056,471],{"class":78},[64,111058,111059,111061,111063,111065,111067,111070],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,111060,125],{"class":108},[64,111062,112],{"class":78},[64,111064,110346],{"class":115},[64,111066,110979],{"class":74},[64,111068,111069],{"class":115}," set2",[64,111071,119],{"class":78},[20,111073,29654],{},[55,111075,111077],{"className":57,"code":111076,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111078,111079,111099],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,111080,111081,111083,111085,111087,111089,111091,111093,111095,111097],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,111082,8884],{"class":78},[64,111084,83],{"class":82},[64,111086,86],{"class":78},[64,111088,89],{"class":82},[64,111090,86],{"class":78},[64,111092,2286],{"class":82},[64,111094,86],{"class":78},[64,111096,1112],{"class":82},[64,111098,8915],{"class":78},[64,111100,111101,111103,111105,111107,111109,111111,111113,111115,111117],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,111102,8884],{"class":78},[64,111104,83],{"class":82},[64,111106,86],{"class":78},[64,111108,89],{"class":82},[64,111110,86],{"class":78},[64,111112,2286],{"class":82},[64,111114,86],{"class":78},[64,111116,1112],{"class":82},[64,111118,8915],{"class":78},[20,111120,111121],{},"Both forms:",[30,111123,111124,111127],{},[33,111125,111126],{},"return a new set",[33,111128,111129],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111131,111132],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[50,111134,1023],{"id":1022},[20,111136,20832,111137,160],{},[15,111138,110150],{},[30,111140,111141,111149,111159,111174],{},[33,111142,111143,111146,111148],{},[221,111144,111145],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9453,111147],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[33,111150,111151,111154,111156,111158],{},[221,111152,111153],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9453,111155],{},[15,111157,110150],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[33,111160,111161,111166,111168,111170,111171,111173],{},[221,111162,111163,111164],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111165,100059],{},[9453,111167],{},[15,111169,100059],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111172,110150],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[33,111175,111176,111179,111181],{},[221,111177,111178],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9453,111180],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111183,58502],{},[30,111185,111186,111195,111198,111201],{},[33,111187,50129,111188,44265,111190,111194],{},[15,111189,110150],{},[285,111191,111192],{"href":107375},[15,111193,102444],{}," is actually needed",[33,111196,111197],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[33,111199,111200],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[33,111202,111203],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111205,111206,111207,148],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[285,111208,98723],{"href":104988},[20,111210,61936],{},[55,111212,111214],{"className":57,"code":111213,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111215,111216,111226,111236,111254,111268,111282],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,111217,111218,111220,111222,111224],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,111219,125],{"class":108},[64,111221,112],{"class":78},[64,111223,100230],{"class":115},[64,111225,119],{"class":78},[64,111227,111228,111230,111232,111234],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,111229,125],{"class":108},[64,111231,112],{"class":78},[64,111233,100239],{"class":115},[64,111235,119],{"class":78},[64,111237,111238,111240,111242,111244,111246,111248,111250,111252],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,111239,125],{"class":108},[64,111241,112],{"class":78},[64,111243,100230],{"class":115},[64,111245,148],{"class":78},[64,111247,110240],{"class":115},[64,111249,112],{"class":78},[64,111251,100239],{"class":115},[64,111253,471],{"class":78},[64,111255,111256,111258,111260,111262,111264,111266],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,111257,125],{"class":108},[64,111259,112],{"class":78},[64,111261,110346],{"class":115},[64,111263,110979],{"class":74},[64,111265,111069],{"class":115},[64,111267,119],{"class":78},[64,111269,111270,111272,111274,111276,111278,111280],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,111271,125],{"class":108},[64,111273,112],{"class":78},[64,111275,3052],{"class":357},[64,111277,112],{"class":78},[64,111279,100230],{"class":115},[64,111281,471],{"class":78},[64,111283,111284,111286,111288,111290,111292,111294],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,111285,125],{"class":108},[64,111287,112],{"class":78},[64,111289,3052],{"class":357},[64,111291,112],{"class":78},[64,111293,100239],{"class":115},[64,111295,471],{"class":78},[50,111297,1651],{"id":1650},[428,111299,12317,111301,102384],{"id":111300},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111302,110150],{},[20,111304,102387],{},[428,111306,1694,111308,896,111310,1677],{"id":111307},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111309,110150],{},[15,111311,100059],{},[20,111313,111314,111316,111317,111319],{},[15,111315,100059],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111318,110150],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[428,111321,27952,111323,111325],{"id":111322},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111324,110150],{}," with lists?",[20,111327,111328],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111330,916],{},[55,111332,111334],{"className":57,"code":111333,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111335,111336,111356,111376,111380,111407],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,111337,111338,111340,111342,111344,111346,111348,111350,111352,111354],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,111339,80300],{"class":70},[64,111341,75],{"class":74},[64,111343,79],{"class":78},[64,111345,83],{"class":82},[64,111347,86],{"class":78},[64,111349,89],{"class":82},[64,111351,86],{"class":78},[64,111353,94],{"class":82},[64,111355,97],{"class":78},[64,111357,111358,111360,111362,111364,111366,111368,111370,111372,111374],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,111359,80321],{"class":70},[64,111361,75],{"class":74},[64,111363,79],{"class":78},[64,111365,1892],{"class":82},[64,111367,86],{"class":78},[64,111369,2286],{"class":82},[64,111371,86],{"class":78},[64,111373,1112],{"class":82},[64,111375,97],{"class":78},[64,111377,111378],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,111379,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,111381,111382,111384,111386,111388,111390,111393,111395,111397,111399,111401,111403,111405],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,111383,103],{"class":70},[64,111385,75],{"class":74},[64,111387,15250],{"class":357},[64,111389,112],{"class":78},[64,111391,111392],{"class":115},"list1",[64,111394,8235],{"class":78},[64,111396,110240],{"class":115},[64,111398,112],{"class":78},[64,111400,5882],{"class":357},[64,111402,112],{"class":78},[64,111404,80587],{"class":115},[64,111406,471],{"class":78},[64,111408,111409,111411,111413,111415],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,111410,125],{"class":108},[64,111412,112],{"class":78},[64,111414,130],{"class":115},[64,111416,119],{"class":78},[20,111418,384],{},[55,111420,111421],{"className":57,"code":110421,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,111422,111423],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,111424,111425,111427,111429,111431,111433,111435,111437,111439,111441],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,111426,8884],{"class":78},[64,111428,83],{"class":82},[64,111430,86],{"class":78},[64,111432,89],{"class":82},[64,111434,86],{"class":78},[64,111436,2286],{"class":82},[64,111438,86],{"class":78},[64,111440,1112],{"class":82},[64,111442,8915],{"class":78},[428,111444,111446],{"id":111445},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111448,111449],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[50,111451,1717],{"id":1716},[30,111453,111454,111458,111463,111469,111475],{},[33,111455,111456],{},[285,111457,95973],{"href":95972},[33,111459,111460],{},[285,111461,111462],{"href":95976},"Creating a set in Python",[33,111464,111465],{},[285,111466,96459,111467,10349],{"href":102485},[15,111468,100059],{},[33,111470,111471],{},[285,111472,96459,111473,10349],{"href":107375},[15,111474,102444],{},[33,111476,111477],{},[285,111478,99989],{"href":104988},[20,111480,111481,111482,2020,111484,16690,111486,111488],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111483,100059],{},[15,111485,102444],{},[15,111487,110150],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1751,111490,56881],{},{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":111492},[111493,111494,111496,111497,111498,111499,111501,111503,111505,111506,111515],{"id":52,"depth":100,"text":53},{"id":110265,"depth":100,"text":111495},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":110446,"depth":100,"text":110447},{"id":11085,"depth":100,"text":11086},{"id":110694,"depth":100,"text":111500},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110836,"depth":100,"text":111502},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":110976,"depth":100,"text":111504},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":1022,"depth":100,"text":1023},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":111507},[111508,111510,111512,111514],{"id":111300,"depth":122,"text":111509},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111307,"depth":122,"text":111511},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111322,"depth":122,"text":111513},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111445,"depth":122,"text":111446},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110142,"description":111516},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111523,"title":111524,"body":111525,"description":113588,"extension":1791,"meta":113589,"navigation":346,"path":107375,"seo":113590,"stem":113591,"__hash__":113592},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111526,"toc":113547},[111527,111532,111537,111540,111553,111555,111637,111642,111647,111651,111663,111666,111670,111672,111699,111701,111712,111715,111784,111786,111792,111795,111805,111807,111896,111901,111903,111910,111913,111915,111918,112038,112040,112109,112112,112129,112134,112137,112253,112255,112284,112287,112293,112298,112302,112383,112385,112413,112418,112422,112517,112519,112560,112564,112567,112634,112636,112677,112683,112698,112705,112712,112716,112722,112808,112812,112820,112891,112896,112903,112905,112911,112913,112978,112980,112996,113001,113004,113073,113077,113080,113139,113142,113146,113199,113212,113215,113268,113272,113274,113305,113308,113313,113366,113370,113373,113394,113406,113408,113461,113463,113468,113470,113476,113479,113485,113490,113494,113497,113505,113514,113516,113544],[10,111528,13,111530,10932],{"id":111529},"python-setunion-method",[15,111531,107688],{},[20,111533,111534,111536],{},[15,111535,107688],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111538,111539],{},"It is useful when you want:",[30,111541,111542,111545,111550],{},[33,111543,111544],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[33,111546,2384,111547,111549],{},[221,111548,100414],{}," as the result",[33,111551,111552],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[50,111554,1833],{"id":1832},[55,111556,111558],{"className":57,"code":111557,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111559,111560,111580,111600,111604,111622,111632],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,111561,111562,111564,111566,111568,111570,111572,111574,111576,111578],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,111563,110346],{"class":70},[64,111565,75],{"class":74},[64,111567,10098],{"class":78},[64,111569,83],{"class":82},[64,111571,86],{"class":78},[64,111573,89],{"class":82},[64,111575,86],{"class":78},[64,111577,94],{"class":82},[64,111579,8915],{"class":78},[64,111581,111582,111584,111586,111588,111590,111592,111594,111596,111598],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,111583,110367],{"class":70},[64,111585,75],{"class":74},[64,111587,10098],{"class":78},[64,111589,1892],{"class":82},[64,111591,86],{"class":78},[64,111593,2286],{"class":82},[64,111595,86],{"class":78},[64,111597,1112],{"class":82},[64,111599,8915],{"class":78},[64,111601,111602],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,111603,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,111605,111606,111608,111610,111612,111614,111616,111618,111620],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,111607,103],{"class":70},[64,111609,75],{"class":74},[64,111611,110396],{"class":70},[64,111613,148],{"class":78},[64,111615,110914],{"class":115},[64,111617,112],{"class":78},[64,111619,100239],{"class":115},[64,111621,119],{"class":78},[64,111623,111624,111626,111628,111630],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,111625,125],{"class":108},[64,111627,112],{"class":78},[64,111629,130],{"class":115},[64,111631,119],{"class":78},[64,111633,111634],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,111635,111636],{"class":136},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111638,111639,111641],{},[15,111640,102444],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[50,111643,152,111645,155],{"id":111644},"what-setunion-does",[15,111646,107688],{},[20,111648,111649,160],{},[15,111650,107688],{},[30,111652,111653,111656,111659,111661],{},[33,111654,111655],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[33,111657,111658],{},"keeps only unique values",[33,111660,110276],{},[33,111662,110285],{},[20,111664,111665],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111667,95969,111668,148],{},[285,111669,95973],{"href":97144},[50,111671,1988],{"id":1987},[55,111673,111675],{"className":57,"code":111674,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111676,111677],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,111678,111679,111681,111683,111685,111687,111689,111691,111693,111695,111697],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,111680,100230],{"class":70},[64,111682,148],{"class":78},[64,111684,110914],{"class":115},[64,111686,112],{"class":78},[64,111688,100239],{"class":115},[64,111690,86],{"class":78},[64,111692,100266],{"class":115},[64,111694,86],{"class":78},[64,111696,34081],{"class":108},[64,111698,119],{"class":78},[20,111700,12666],{},[30,111702,111703,111706,111709],{},[33,111704,111705],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[33,111707,111708],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[33,111710,111711],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111713,111714],{},"Example with two sets:",[55,111716,111718],{"className":57,"code":111717,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111719,111720,111736,111752,111756,111774],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,111721,111722,111724,111726,111728,111730,111732,111734],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,111723,2384],{"class":70},[64,111725,75],{"class":74},[64,111727,10098],{"class":78},[64,111729,83],{"class":82},[64,111731,86],{"class":78},[64,111733,89],{"class":82},[64,111735,8915],{"class":78},[64,111737,111738,111740,111742,111744,111746,111748,111750],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,111739,2412],{"class":70},[64,111741,75],{"class":74},[64,111743,10098],{"class":78},[64,111745,815],{"class":82},[64,111747,86],{"class":78},[64,111749,94],{"class":82},[64,111751,8915],{"class":78},[64,111753,111754],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,111755,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,111757,111758,111760,111762,111764,111766,111768,111770,111772],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,111759,103],{"class":70},[64,111761,75],{"class":74},[64,111763,56527],{"class":70},[64,111765,148],{"class":78},[64,111767,110914],{"class":115},[64,111769,112],{"class":78},[64,111771,1269],{"class":115},[64,111773,119],{"class":78},[64,111775,111776,111778,111780,111782],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,111777,125],{"class":108},[64,111779,112],{"class":78},[64,111781,130],{"class":115},[64,111783,119],{"class":78},[50,111785,21591],{"id":21590},[20,111787,111788,100411,111790,148],{},[15,111789,107688],{},[221,111791,100414],{},[20,111793,111794],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[30,111796,111797,111800],{},[33,111798,111799],{},"the original set",[33,111801,111802,111803],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111804,102444],{},[20,111806,916],{},[55,111808,111810],{"className":57,"code":111809,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111811,111812,111828,111844,111848,111866,111870,111883],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,111813,111814,111816,111818,111820,111822,111824,111826],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,111815,2384],{"class":70},[64,111817,75],{"class":74},[64,111819,10098],{"class":78},[64,111821,83],{"class":82},[64,111823,86],{"class":78},[64,111825,89],{"class":82},[64,111827,8915],{"class":78},[64,111829,111830,111832,111834,111836,111838,111840,111842],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,111831,2412],{"class":70},[64,111833,75],{"class":74},[64,111835,10098],{"class":78},[64,111837,815],{"class":82},[64,111839,86],{"class":78},[64,111841,94],{"class":82},[64,111843,8915],{"class":78},[64,111845,111846],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,111847,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,111849,111850,111852,111854,111856,111858,111860,111862,111864],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,111851,103],{"class":70},[64,111853,75],{"class":74},[64,111855,56527],{"class":70},[64,111857,148],{"class":78},[64,111859,110914],{"class":115},[64,111861,112],{"class":78},[64,111863,1269],{"class":115},[64,111865,119],{"class":78},[64,111867,111868],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,111869,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,111871,111872,111874,111876,111878,111880],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,111873,125],{"class":108},[64,111875,112],{"class":78},[64,111877,130],{"class":115},[64,111879,133],{"class":78},[64,111881,111882],{"class":136},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[64,111884,111885,111887,111889,111891,111893],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,111886,125],{"class":108},[64,111888,112],{"class":78},[64,111890,285],{"class":115},[64,111892,133],{"class":78},[64,111894,111895],{"class":136},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,111897,2115,111898,111900],{},[15,111899,285],{}," did not change.",[20,111902,110518],{},[30,111904,111905,111907],{},[33,111906,110523],{},[33,111908,111909],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,111911,111912],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[50,111914,11086],{"id":11085},[20,111916,111917],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[55,111919,111921],{"className":57,"code":111920,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,111922,111923,111956,111989,111993,112013,112017,112027],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,111924,111925,111928,111930,111932,111934,111936,111938,111940,111942,111944,111946,111948,111950,111952,111954],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,111926,111927],{"class":70},"fruits1 ",[64,111929,75],{"class":74},[64,111931,10098],{"class":78},[64,111933,2686],{"class":320},[64,111935,576],{"class":329},[64,111937,2686],{"class":320},[64,111939,86],{"class":78},[64,111941,3184],{"class":320},[64,111943,585],{"class":329},[64,111945,2686],{"class":320},[64,111947,86],{"class":78},[64,111949,3184],{"class":320},[64,111951,32847],{"class":329},[64,111953,2686],{"class":320},[64,111955,8915],{"class":78},[64,111957,111958,111961,111963,111965,111967,111969,111971,111973,111975,111977,111979,111981,111983,111985,111987],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,111959,111960],{"class":70},"fruits2 ",[64,111962,75],{"class":74},[64,111964,10098],{"class":78},[64,111966,2686],{"class":320},[64,111968,585],{"class":329},[64,111970,2686],{"class":320},[64,111972,86],{"class":78},[64,111974,3184],{"class":320},[64,111976,22154],{"class":329},[64,111978,2686],{"class":320},[64,111980,86],{"class":78},[64,111982,3184],{"class":320},[64,111984,32847],{"class":329},[64,111986,2686],{"class":320},[64,111988,8915],{"class":78},[64,111990,111991],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,111992,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,111994,111995,111997,111999,112002,112004,112006,112008,112011],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,111996,103],{"class":70},[64,111998,75],{"class":74},[64,112000,112001],{"class":70}," fruits1",[64,112003,148],{"class":78},[64,112005,110914],{"class":115},[64,112007,112],{"class":78},[64,112009,112010],{"class":115},"fruits2",[64,112012,119],{"class":78},[64,112014,112015],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,112016,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,112018,112019,112021,112023,112025],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,112020,125],{"class":108},[64,112022,112],{"class":78},[64,112024,130],{"class":115},[64,112026,119],{"class":78},[64,112028,112029,112031,112033,112036],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,112030,125],{"class":108},[64,112032,112],{"class":78},[64,112034,112035],{"class":115},"fruits1",[64,112037,119],{"class":78},[20,112039,29654],{},[55,112041,112043],{"className":57,"code":112042,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112044,112045,112081],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,112046,112047,112049,112051,112053,112055,112057,112059,112061,112063,112065,112067,112069,112071,112073,112075,112077,112079],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,112048,8884],{"class":78},[64,112050,333],{"class":320},[64,112052,585],{"class":329},[64,112054,333],{"class":320},[64,112056,86],{"class":78},[64,112058,326],{"class":320},[64,112060,32847],{"class":329},[64,112062,333],{"class":320},[64,112064,86],{"class":78},[64,112066,326],{"class":320},[64,112068,576],{"class":329},[64,112070,333],{"class":320},[64,112072,86],{"class":78},[64,112074,326],{"class":320},[64,112076,22154],{"class":329},[64,112078,333],{"class":320},[64,112080,8915],{"class":78},[64,112082,112083,112085,112087,112089,112091,112093,112095,112097,112099,112101,112103,112105,112107],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,112084,8884],{"class":78},[64,112086,333],{"class":320},[64,112088,585],{"class":329},[64,112090,333],{"class":320},[64,112092,86],{"class":78},[64,112094,326],{"class":320},[64,112096,32847],{"class":329},[64,112098,333],{"class":320},[64,112100,86],{"class":78},[64,112102,326],{"class":320},[64,112104,576],{"class":329},[64,112106,333],{"class":320},[64,112108,8915],{"class":78},[20,112110,112111],{},"What this shows:",[30,112113,112114,112121,112124],{},[33,112115,112116,896,112118,112120],{},[15,112117,64916],{},[15,112119,65343],{}," appear in both sets",[33,112122,112123],{},"they appear only once in the result",[33,112125,112126,112128],{},[15,112127,112035],{}," stays unchanged",[50,112130,8020,112132,100803],{"id":112131},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112133,102444],{},[20,112135,112136],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[55,112138,112140],{"className":57,"code":112139,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112141,112142,112158,112174,112191,112208,112212,112239,112243],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,112143,112144,112146,112148,112150,112152,112154,112156],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,112145,110346],{"class":70},[64,112147,75],{"class":74},[64,112149,10098],{"class":78},[64,112151,83],{"class":82},[64,112153,86],{"class":78},[64,112155,89],{"class":82},[64,112157,8915],{"class":78},[64,112159,112160,112162,112164,112166,112168,112170,112172],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,112161,110367],{"class":70},[64,112163,75],{"class":74},[64,112165,10098],{"class":78},[64,112167,815],{"class":82},[64,112169,86],{"class":78},[64,112171,94],{"class":82},[64,112173,8915],{"class":78},[64,112175,112176,112179,112181,112183,112185,112187,112189],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,112177,112178],{"class":70},"set3 ",[64,112180,75],{"class":74},[64,112182,10098],{"class":78},[64,112184,1892],{"class":82},[64,112186,86],{"class":78},[64,112188,2286],{"class":82},[64,112190,8915],{"class":78},[64,112192,112193,112196,112198,112200,112202,112204,112206],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,112194,112195],{"class":70},"set4 ",[64,112197,75],{"class":74},[64,112199,10098],{"class":78},[64,112201,2334],{"class":82},[64,112203,86],{"class":78},[64,112205,1112],{"class":82},[64,112207,8915],{"class":78},[64,112209,112210],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,112211,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,112213,112214,112216,112218,112220,112222,112224,112226,112228,112230,112232,112234,112237],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,112215,103],{"class":70},[64,112217,75],{"class":74},[64,112219,110396],{"class":70},[64,112221,148],{"class":78},[64,112223,110914],{"class":115},[64,112225,112],{"class":78},[64,112227,100239],{"class":115},[64,112229,86],{"class":78},[64,112231,100266],{"class":115},[64,112233,86],{"class":78},[64,112235,112236],{"class":115}," set4",[64,112238,119],{"class":78},[64,112240,112241],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,112242,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,112244,112245,112247,112249,112251],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,112246,125],{"class":108},[64,112248,112],{"class":78},[64,112250,130],{"class":115},[64,112252,119],{"class":78},[20,112254,29654],{},[55,112256,112258],{"className":57,"code":112257,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112259,112260],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,112261,112262,112264,112266,112268,112270,112272,112274,112276,112278,112280,112282],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,112263,8884],{"class":78},[64,112265,83],{"class":82},[64,112267,86],{"class":78},[64,112269,89],{"class":82},[64,112271,86],{"class":78},[64,112273,94],{"class":82},[64,112275,86],{"class":78},[64,112277,2286],{"class":82},[64,112279,86],{"class":78},[64,112281,1112],{"class":82},[64,112283,8915],{"class":78},[20,112285,112286],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[50,112288,8020,112290,112292],{"id":112289},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112291,102444],{}," with other iterables",[20,112294,112295,112297],{},[15,112296,102444],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[428,112299,112301],{"id":112300},"with-a-list","With a list",[55,112303,112305],{"className":57,"code":112304,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112306,112307,112327,112351,112355,112373],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,112308,112309,112311,112313,112315,112317,112319,112321,112323,112325],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,112310,71],{"class":70},[64,112312,75],{"class":74},[64,112314,10098],{"class":78},[64,112316,83],{"class":82},[64,112318,86],{"class":78},[64,112320,89],{"class":82},[64,112322,86],{"class":78},[64,112324,94],{"class":82},[64,112326,8915],{"class":78},[64,112328,112329,112331,112333,112335,112337,112339,112341,112343,112345,112347,112349],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,112330,60688],{"class":70},[64,112332,75],{"class":74},[64,112334,79],{"class":78},[64,112336,1892],{"class":82},[64,112338,86],{"class":78},[64,112340,2286],{"class":82},[64,112342,86],{"class":78},[64,112344,1112],{"class":82},[64,112346,86],{"class":78},[64,112348,1112],{"class":82},[64,112350,97],{"class":78},[64,112352,112353],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,112354,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,112356,112357,112359,112361,112363,112365,112367,112369,112371],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,112358,103],{"class":70},[64,112360,75],{"class":74},[64,112362,762],{"class":70},[64,112364,148],{"class":78},[64,112366,110914],{"class":115},[64,112368,112],{"class":78},[64,112370,60717],{"class":115},[64,112372,119],{"class":78},[64,112374,112375,112377,112379,112381],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,112376,125],{"class":108},[64,112378,112],{"class":78},[64,112380,130],{"class":115},[64,112382,119],{"class":78},[20,112384,29654],{},[55,112386,112387],{"className":57,"code":112257,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,112388,112389],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,112390,112391,112393,112395,112397,112399,112401,112403,112405,112407,112409,112411],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,112392,8884],{"class":78},[64,112394,83],{"class":82},[64,112396,86],{"class":78},[64,112398,89],{"class":82},[64,112400,86],{"class":78},[64,112402,94],{"class":82},[64,112404,86],{"class":78},[64,112406,2286],{"class":82},[64,112408,86],{"class":78},[64,112410,1112],{"class":82},[64,112412,8915],{"class":78},[20,112414,20598,112415,112417],{},[15,112416,1107],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[428,112419,112421],{"id":112420},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[55,112423,112425],{"className":57,"code":112424,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112426,112427,112451,112484,112488,112507],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,112428,112429,112431,112433,112435,112437,112439,112441,112443,112445,112447,112449],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,112430,35720],{"class":70},[64,112432,75],{"class":74},[64,112434,10098],{"class":78},[64,112436,2686],{"class":320},[64,112438,285],{"class":329},[64,112440,2686],{"class":320},[64,112442,86],{"class":78},[64,112444,3184],{"class":320},[64,112446,1269],{"class":329},[64,112448,2686],{"class":320},[64,112450,8915],{"class":78},[64,112452,112453,112456,112458,112460,112462,112464,112466,112468,112470,112472,112474,112476,112478,112480,112482],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,112454,112455],{"class":70},"more_letters ",[64,112457,75],{"class":74},[64,112459,8842],{"class":78},[64,112461,2686],{"class":320},[64,112463,1269],{"class":329},[64,112465,2686],{"class":320},[64,112467,86],{"class":78},[64,112469,3184],{"class":320},[64,112471,9346],{"class":329},[64,112473,2686],{"class":320},[64,112475,86],{"class":78},[64,112477,3184],{"class":320},[64,112479,18387],{"class":329},[64,112481,2686],{"class":320},[64,112483,119],{"class":78},[64,112485,112486],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,112487,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,112489,112490,112492,112494,112496,112498,112500,112502,112505],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,112491,103],{"class":70},[64,112493,75],{"class":74},[64,112495,69738],{"class":70},[64,112497,148],{"class":78},[64,112499,110914],{"class":115},[64,112501,112],{"class":78},[64,112503,112504],{"class":115},"more_letters",[64,112506,119],{"class":78},[64,112508,112509,112511,112513,112515],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,112510,125],{"class":108},[64,112512,112],{"class":78},[64,112514,130],{"class":115},[64,112516,119],{"class":78},[20,112518,29654],{},[55,112520,112522],{"className":57,"code":112521,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112523,112524],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,112525,112526,112528,112530,112532,112534,112536,112538,112540,112542,112544,112546,112548,112550,112552,112554,112556,112558],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,112527,8884],{"class":78},[64,112529,333],{"class":320},[64,112531,285],{"class":329},[64,112533,333],{"class":320},[64,112535,86],{"class":78},[64,112537,326],{"class":320},[64,112539,1269],{"class":329},[64,112541,333],{"class":320},[64,112543,86],{"class":78},[64,112545,326],{"class":320},[64,112547,9346],{"class":329},[64,112549,333],{"class":320},[64,112551,86],{"class":78},[64,112553,326],{"class":320},[64,112555,18387],{"class":329},[64,112557,333],{"class":320},[64,112559,8915],{"class":78},[428,112561,112563],{"id":112562},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112565,112566],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[55,112568,112570],{"className":57,"code":112569,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112571,112572,112597,112620,112624],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,112573,112574,112577,112579,112581,112583,112585,112587,112589,112591,112593,112595],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,112575,112576],{"class":70},"chars ",[64,112578,75],{"class":74},[64,112580,10098],{"class":78},[64,112582,2686],{"class":320},[64,112584,285],{"class":329},[64,112586,2686],{"class":320},[64,112588,86],{"class":78},[64,112590,3184],{"class":320},[64,112592,1269],{"class":329},[64,112594,2686],{"class":320},[64,112596,8915],{"class":78},[64,112598,112599,112601,112603,112606,112608,112610,112612,112614,112616,112618],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,112600,103],{"class":70},[64,112602,75],{"class":74},[64,112604,112605],{"class":70}," chars",[64,112607,148],{"class":78},[64,112609,110914],{"class":115},[64,112611,112],{"class":78},[64,112613,2686],{"class":320},[64,112615,36678],{"class":329},[64,112617,2686],{"class":320},[64,112619,119],{"class":78},[64,112621,112622],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,112623,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,112625,112626,112628,112630,112632],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,112627,125],{"class":108},[64,112629,112],{"class":78},[64,112631,130],{"class":115},[64,112633,119],{"class":78},[20,112635,29654],{},[55,112637,112639],{"className":57,"code":112638,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112640,112641],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,112642,112643,112645,112647,112649,112651,112653,112655,112657,112659,112661,112663,112665,112667,112669,112671,112673,112675],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,112644,8884],{"class":78},[64,112646,333],{"class":320},[64,112648,285],{"class":329},[64,112650,333],{"class":320},[64,112652,86],{"class":78},[64,112654,326],{"class":320},[64,112656,1269],{"class":329},[64,112658,333],{"class":320},[64,112660,86],{"class":78},[64,112662,326],{"class":320},[64,112664,9346],{"class":329},[64,112666,333],{"class":320},[64,112668,86],{"class":78},[64,112670,326],{"class":320},[64,112672,62928],{"class":329},[64,112674,333],{"class":320},[64,112676,8915],{"class":78},[20,112678,21810,112679,112682],{},[15,112680,112681],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[30,112684,112685,112689,112693],{},[33,112686,112687],{},[15,112688,66123],{},[33,112690,112691],{},[15,112692,17715],{},[33,112694,112695],{},[15,112696,112697],{},"\"t\"",[50,112699,112701,10193,112703],{"id":112700},"union-vs-update",[15,112702,102444],{},[15,112704,14570],{},[20,112706,112707,896,112709,112711],{},[15,112708,102444],{},[15,112710,14570],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[428,112713,112714],{"id":110914},[15,112715,102444],{},[30,112717,112718,112720],{},[33,112719,110276],{},[33,112721,110285],{},[55,112723,112724],{"className":57,"code":111809,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,112725,112726,112742,112758,112762,112780,112784,112796],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,112727,112728,112730,112732,112734,112736,112738,112740],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,112729,2384],{"class":70},[64,112731,75],{"class":74},[64,112733,10098],{"class":78},[64,112735,83],{"class":82},[64,112737,86],{"class":78},[64,112739,89],{"class":82},[64,112741,8915],{"class":78},[64,112743,112744,112746,112748,112750,112752,112754,112756],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,112745,2412],{"class":70},[64,112747,75],{"class":74},[64,112749,10098],{"class":78},[64,112751,815],{"class":82},[64,112753,86],{"class":78},[64,112755,94],{"class":82},[64,112757,8915],{"class":78},[64,112759,112760],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,112761,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,112763,112764,112766,112768,112770,112772,112774,112776,112778],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,112765,103],{"class":70},[64,112767,75],{"class":74},[64,112769,56527],{"class":70},[64,112771,148],{"class":78},[64,112773,110914],{"class":115},[64,112775,112],{"class":78},[64,112777,1269],{"class":115},[64,112779,119],{"class":78},[64,112781,112782],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,112783,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,112785,112786,112788,112790,112792,112794],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,112787,125],{"class":108},[64,112789,112],{"class":78},[64,112791,130],{"class":115},[64,112793,133],{"class":78},[64,112795,111882],{"class":136},[64,112797,112798,112800,112802,112804,112806],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,112799,125],{"class":108},[64,112801,112],{"class":78},[64,112803,285],{"class":115},[64,112805,133],{"class":78},[64,112807,111895],{"class":136},[428,112809,112810],{"id":30089},[15,112811,14570],{},[30,112813,112814,112817],{},[33,112815,112816],{},"changes the existing set in place",[33,112818,112819],{},"does not create a separate result set",[55,112821,112823],{"className":57,"code":112822,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,112824,112825,112841,112857,112861,112875,112879],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,112826,112827,112829,112831,112833,112835,112837,112839],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,112828,2384],{"class":70},[64,112830,75],{"class":74},[64,112832,10098],{"class":78},[64,112834,83],{"class":82},[64,112836,86],{"class":78},[64,112838,89],{"class":82},[64,112840,8915],{"class":78},[64,112842,112843,112845,112847,112849,112851,112853,112855],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,112844,2412],{"class":70},[64,112846,75],{"class":74},[64,112848,10098],{"class":78},[64,112850,815],{"class":82},[64,112852,86],{"class":78},[64,112854,94],{"class":82},[64,112856,8915],{"class":78},[64,112858,112859],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,112860,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,112862,112863,112865,112867,112869,112871,112873],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,112864,285],{"class":70},[64,112866,148],{"class":78},[64,112868,30089],{"class":115},[64,112870,112],{"class":78},[64,112872,1269],{"class":115},[64,112874,119],{"class":78},[64,112876,112877],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,112878,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,112880,112881,112883,112885,112887,112889],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,112882,125],{"class":108},[64,112884,112],{"class":78},[64,112886,285],{"class":115},[64,112888,133],{"class":78},[64,112890,111882],{"class":136},[20,112892,1923,112893,112895],{},[15,112894,102444],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,112897,112898,112899,148],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[285,112900,13,112901,10349],{"href":98164},[15,112902,96959],{},[50,112904,1023],{"id":1022},[428,112906,8056,112908,112910],{"id":112907},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,112909,102444],{}," to change the original set",[20,112912,81469],{},[55,112914,112916],{"className":57,"code":112915,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112917,112918,112934,112950,112954,112968],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,112919,112920,112922,112924,112926,112928,112930,112932],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,112921,2384],{"class":70},[64,112923,75],{"class":74},[64,112925,10098],{"class":78},[64,112927,83],{"class":82},[64,112929,86],{"class":78},[64,112931,89],{"class":82},[64,112933,8915],{"class":78},[64,112935,112936,112938,112940,112942,112944,112946,112948],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,112937,2412],{"class":70},[64,112939,75],{"class":74},[64,112941,10098],{"class":78},[64,112943,815],{"class":82},[64,112945,86],{"class":78},[64,112947,94],{"class":82},[64,112949,8915],{"class":78},[64,112951,112952],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,112953,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,112955,112956,112958,112960,112962,112964,112966],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,112957,285],{"class":70},[64,112959,148],{"class":78},[64,112961,110914],{"class":115},[64,112963,112],{"class":78},[64,112965,1269],{"class":115},[64,112967,119],{"class":78},[64,112969,112970,112972,112974,112976],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,112971,125],{"class":108},[64,112973,112],{"class":78},[64,112975,285],{"class":115},[64,112977,119],{"class":78},[20,112979,384],{},[55,112981,112982],{"className":57,"code":100152,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,112983,112984],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,112985,112986,112988,112990,112992,112994],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,112987,8884],{"class":78},[64,112989,83],{"class":82},[64,112991,86],{"class":78},[64,112993,89],{"class":82},[64,112995,8915],{"class":78},[20,112997,8099,112998,113000],{},[15,112999,102444],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113002,113003],{},"Fix it like this:",[55,113005,113007],{"className":57,"code":113006,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113008,113009,113025,113041,113045,113063],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,113010,113011,113013,113015,113017,113019,113021,113023],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,113012,2384],{"class":70},[64,113014,75],{"class":74},[64,113016,10098],{"class":78},[64,113018,83],{"class":82},[64,113020,86],{"class":78},[64,113022,89],{"class":82},[64,113024,8915],{"class":78},[64,113026,113027,113029,113031,113033,113035,113037,113039],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,113028,2412],{"class":70},[64,113030,75],{"class":74},[64,113032,10098],{"class":78},[64,113034,815],{"class":82},[64,113036,86],{"class":78},[64,113038,94],{"class":82},[64,113040,8915],{"class":78},[64,113042,113043],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,113044,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,113046,113047,113049,113051,113053,113055,113057,113059,113061],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,113048,2384],{"class":70},[64,113050,75],{"class":74},[64,113052,56527],{"class":70},[64,113054,148],{"class":78},[64,113056,110914],{"class":115},[64,113058,112],{"class":78},[64,113060,1269],{"class":115},[64,113062,119],{"class":78},[64,113064,113065,113067,113069,113071],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,113066,125],{"class":108},[64,113068,112],{"class":78},[64,113070,285],{"class":115},[64,113072,119],{"class":78},[428,113074,113076],{"id":113075},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113078,113079],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[55,113081,113083],{"className":57,"code":113082,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113084,113085,113101,113117,113121],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,113086,113087,113089,113091,113093,113095,113097,113099],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,113088,2384],{"class":70},[64,113090,75],{"class":74},[64,113092,10098],{"class":78},[64,113094,1892],{"class":82},[64,113096,86],{"class":78},[64,113098,5091],{"class":82},[64,113100,8915],{"class":78},[64,113102,113103,113105,113107,113109,113111,113113,113115],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,113104,2412],{"class":70},[64,113106,75],{"class":74},[64,113108,10098],{"class":78},[64,113110,815],{"class":82},[64,113112,86],{"class":78},[64,113114,2286],{"class":82},[64,113116,8915],{"class":78},[64,113118,113119],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,113120,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,113122,113123,113125,113127,113129,113131,113133,113135,113137],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,113124,125],{"class":108},[64,113126,112],{"class":78},[64,113128,285],{"class":115},[64,113130,148],{"class":78},[64,113132,110914],{"class":115},[64,113134,112],{"class":78},[64,113136,1269],{"class":115},[64,113138,471],{"class":78},[20,113140,113141],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[428,113143,113145],{"id":113144},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[55,113147,113149],{"className":57,"code":113148,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113150,113151,113167,113189],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,113152,113153,113155,113157,113159,113161,113163,113165],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,113154,567],{"class":70},[64,113156,75],{"class":74},[64,113158,10098],{"class":78},[64,113160,2686],{"class":320},[64,113162,57767],{"class":329},[64,113164,2686],{"class":320},[64,113166,8915],{"class":78},[64,113168,113169,113171,113173,113175,113177,113179,113181,113183,113185,113187],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,113170,103],{"class":70},[64,113172,75],{"class":74},[64,113174,5763],{"class":70},[64,113176,148],{"class":78},[64,113178,110914],{"class":115},[64,113180,112],{"class":78},[64,113182,2686],{"class":320},[64,113184,36678],{"class":329},[64,113186,2686],{"class":320},[64,113188,119],{"class":78},[64,113190,113191,113193,113195,113197],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,113192,125],{"class":108},[64,113194,112],{"class":78},[64,113196,130],{"class":115},[64,113198,119],{"class":78},[20,113200,113201,113202,2020,113204,16690,113206,113208,113209,113211],{},"This adds ",[15,113203,66123],{},[15,113205,17715],{},[15,113207,112697],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113210,112681],{}," as one item.",[20,113213,113214],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[55,113216,113218],{"className":57,"code":113217,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113219,113220,113236,113258],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,113221,113222,113224,113226,113228,113230,113232,113234],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,113223,567],{"class":70},[64,113225,75],{"class":74},[64,113227,10098],{"class":78},[64,113229,2686],{"class":320},[64,113231,57767],{"class":329},[64,113233,2686],{"class":320},[64,113235,8915],{"class":78},[64,113237,113238,113240,113242,113244,113246,113248,113250,113252,113254,113256],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,113239,103],{"class":70},[64,113241,75],{"class":74},[64,113243,5763],{"class":70},[64,113245,148],{"class":78},[64,113247,110914],{"class":115},[64,113249,354],{"class":78},[64,113251,2686],{"class":320},[64,113253,36678],{"class":329},[64,113255,2686],{"class":320},[64,113257,381],{"class":78},[64,113259,113260,113262,113264,113266],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,113261,125],{"class":108},[64,113263,112],{"class":78},[64,113265,130],{"class":115},[64,113267,119],{"class":78},[428,113269,113271],{"id":113270},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113273,2668],{},[55,113275,113277],{"className":57,"code":113276,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113278,113279],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,113280,113281,113283,113285,113287,113289,113291,113293,113295,113297,113299,113301,113303],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,113282,15245],{"class":70},[64,113284,75],{"class":74},[64,113286,10098],{"class":78},[64,113288,83],{"class":82},[64,113290,86],{"class":78},[64,113292,89],{"class":82},[64,113294,86],{"class":78},[64,113296,79],{"class":78},[64,113298,1892],{"class":82},[64,113300,86],{"class":78},[64,113302,2286],{"class":82},[64,113304,13321],{"class":78},[20,113306,113307],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113309,113310,113311,160],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113312,102444],{},[55,113314,113316],{"className":57,"code":113315,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113317,113318,113334,113356],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,113319,113320,113322,113324,113326,113328,113330,113332],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,113321,15245],{"class":70},[64,113323,75],{"class":74},[64,113325,10098],{"class":78},[64,113327,83],{"class":82},[64,113329,86],{"class":78},[64,113331,89],{"class":82},[64,113333,8915],{"class":78},[64,113335,113336,113338,113340,113342,113344,113346,113348,113350,113352,113354],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,113337,103],{"class":70},[64,113339,75],{"class":74},[64,113341,96569],{"class":70},[64,113343,148],{"class":78},[64,113345,110914],{"class":115},[64,113347,354],{"class":78},[64,113349,1892],{"class":82},[64,113351,86],{"class":78},[64,113353,2286],{"class":82},[64,113355,381],{"class":78},[64,113357,113358,113360,113362,113364],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,113359,125],{"class":108},[64,113361,112],{"class":78},[64,113363,130],{"class":115},[64,113365,119],{"class":78},[50,113367,113369],{"id":113368},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113371,113372],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[30,113374,113375,113381,113388,113391],{},[33,113376,113377,113378,113380],{},"call ",[15,113379,102444],{}," without saving the returned set",[33,113382,113383,113384,8309,113386],{},"confuse ",[15,113385,102444],{},[15,113387,14570],{},[33,113389,113390],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[33,113392,113393],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113395,113396,113397,896,113401,148],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[285,113398,13,113399,10349],{"href":102433},[15,113400,106218],{},[285,113402,13,113404,10349],{"href":113403},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113405,100064],{},[20,113407,61936],{},[55,113409,113411],{"className":57,"code":113410,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113412,113413,113423,113437,113447],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,113414,113415,113417,113419,113421],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,113416,125],{"class":108},[64,113418,112],{"class":78},[64,113420,15283],{"class":115},[64,113422,119],{"class":78},[64,113424,113425,113427,113429,113431,113433,113435],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,113426,125],{"class":108},[64,113428,112],{"class":78},[64,113430,3052],{"class":357},[64,113432,112],{"class":78},[64,113434,15283],{"class":115},[64,113436,471],{"class":78},[64,113438,113439,113441,113443,113445],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,113440,125],{"class":108},[64,113442,112],{"class":78},[64,113444,130],{"class":115},[64,113446,119],{"class":78},[64,113448,113449,113451,113453,113455,113457,113459],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,113450,31778],{"class":108},[64,113452,112],{"class":78},[64,113454,5882],{"class":357},[64,113456,148],{"class":78},[64,113458,110914],{"class":24372},[64,113460,119],{"class":78},[50,113462,1651],{"id":1650},[428,113464,12317,113466,102384],{"id":113465},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113467,107688],{},[20,113469,102387],{},[428,113471,1684,113473,113475],{"id":113472},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113474,102444],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113477,113478],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[428,113480,27952,113482,113484],{"id":113481},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113483,102444],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113486,41786,113487,113489],{},[15,113488,102444],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[428,113491,113493],{"id":113492},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113495,113496],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[428,113498,1694,113500,896,113502,1677],{"id":113499},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113501,102444],{},[15,113503,113504],{},"|",[20,113506,113507,113508,113510,113511,113513],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113509,113504],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113512,102444],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[50,113515,1717],{"id":1716},[30,113517,113518,113522,113528,113534,113540],{},[33,113519,113520],{},[285,113521,95973],{"href":97144},[33,113523,113524],{},[285,113525,13,113526,10349],{"href":98164},[15,113527,96959],{},[33,113529,113530],{},[285,113531,13,113532,10349],{"href":102433},[15,113533,106218],{},[33,113535,113536],{},[285,113537,13,113538,10349],{"href":113403},[15,113539,100064],{},[33,113541,113542],{},[285,113543,99989],{"href":98722},[1751,113545,113546],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":113548},[113549,113550,113552,113553,113554,113555,113557,113563,113568,113575,113576,113587],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":111644,"depth":100,"text":113551},"What set.union() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":21590,"depth":100,"text":21591},{"id":11085,"depth":100,"text":11086},{"id":112131,"depth":100,"text":113556},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112289,"depth":100,"text":113558,"children":113559},"Using union() with other iterables",[113560,113561,113562],{"id":112300,"depth":122,"text":112301},{"id":112420,"depth":122,"text":112421},{"id":112562,"depth":122,"text":112563},{"id":112700,"depth":100,"text":113564,"children":113565},"union() vs update()",[113566,113567],{"id":110914,"depth":122,"text":102444},{"id":30089,"depth":122,"text":14570},{"id":1022,"depth":100,"text":1023,"children":113569},[113570,113572,113573,113574],{"id":112907,"depth":122,"text":113571},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113075,"depth":122,"text":113076},{"id":113144,"depth":122,"text":113145},{"id":113270,"depth":122,"text":113271},{"id":113368,"depth":100,"text":113369},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":113577},[113578,113580,113582,113584,113585],{"id":113465,"depth":122,"text":113579},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113472,"depth":122,"text":113581},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113481,"depth":122,"text":113583},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113492,"depth":122,"text":113493},{"id":113499,"depth":122,"text":113586},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111524,"description":113588},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113594,"title":113595,"body":113596,"description":115485,"extension":1791,"meta":115486,"navigation":346,"path":96458,"seo":115487,"stem":115488,"__hash__":115489},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113597,"toc":115451},[113598,113603,113608,113616,113618,113676,113681,113686,113690,113702,113705,113779,113784,113786,113788,113807,113809,113826,113829,113856,113858,113928,113932,113934,113940,113942,114003,114008,114010,114067,114071,114076,114141,114143,114163,114170,114174,114179,114264,114267,114274,114377,114381,114386,114444,114447,114458,114472,114479,114537,114544,114547,114557,114561,114619,114623,114689,114692,114750,114757,114764,114767,114771,114780,114849,114853,114859,114947,114957,114961,114965,114969,114972,115033,115038,115095,115099,115101,115136,115143,115145,115199,115206,115210,115213,115278,115287,115293,115350,115352,115357,115361,115365,115368,115375,115383,115387,115392,115396,115402,115404,115439,115448],[10,113599,95845,113601,10932],{"id":113600},"python-set-update-method",[15,113602,14570],{},[20,113604,113605,113607],{},[15,113606,96959],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113609,113610,113611,113615],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[285,113612,113613],{"href":98145},[15,113614,95853],{},", which adds only one item.",[50,113617,53],{"id":52},[55,113619,113621],{"className":57,"code":113620,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113622,113623,113639,113661,113671],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,113624,113625,113627,113629,113631,113633,113635,113637],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,113626,71],{"class":70},[64,113628,75],{"class":74},[64,113630,10098],{"class":78},[64,113632,83],{"class":82},[64,113634,86],{"class":78},[64,113636,89],{"class":82},[64,113638,8915],{"class":78},[64,113640,113641,113643,113645,113647,113649,113651,113653,113655,113657,113659],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,113642,116],{"class":70},[64,113644,148],{"class":78},[64,113646,30089],{"class":115},[64,113648,354],{"class":78},[64,113650,815],{"class":82},[64,113652,86],{"class":78},[64,113654,94],{"class":82},[64,113656,86],{"class":78},[64,113658,2286],{"class":82},[64,113660,381],{"class":78},[64,113662,113663,113665,113667,113669],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,113664,125],{"class":108},[64,113666,112],{"class":78},[64,113668,116],{"class":115},[64,113670,119],{"class":78},[64,113672,113673],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,113674,113675],{"class":136},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113677,1923,113678,113680],{},[15,113679,14570],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[50,113682,152,113684,155],{"id":113683},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113685,96959],{},[20,113687,113688,160],{},[15,113689,96959],{},[30,113691,113692,113695,113697,113700],{},[33,113693,113694],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[33,113696,95960],{},[33,113698,113699],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[33,113701,95963],{},[20,113703,113704],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[55,113706,113708],{"className":57,"code":113707,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113709,113710,113734,113760,113764,113774],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,113711,113712,113714,113716,113718,113720,113722,113724,113726,113728,113730,113732],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,113713,12690],{"class":70},[64,113715,75],{"class":74},[64,113717,10098],{"class":78},[64,113719,2686],{"class":320},[64,113721,12707],{"class":329},[64,113723,2686],{"class":320},[64,113725,86],{"class":78},[64,113727,3184],{"class":320},[64,113729,12724],{"class":329},[64,113731,2686],{"class":320},[64,113733,8915],{"class":78},[64,113735,113736,113738,113740,113742,113744,113746,113748,113750,113752,113754,113756,113758],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,113737,17121],{"class":70},[64,113739,148],{"class":78},[64,113741,30089],{"class":115},[64,113743,354],{"class":78},[64,113745,2686],{"class":320},[64,113747,12724],{"class":329},[64,113749,2686],{"class":320},[64,113751,86],{"class":78},[64,113753,3184],{"class":320},[64,113755,17074],{"class":329},[64,113757,2686],{"class":320},[64,113759,381],{"class":78},[64,113761,113762],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,113763,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,113765,113766,113768,113770,113772],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,113767,125],{"class":108},[64,113769,112],{"class":78},[64,113771,17121],{"class":115},[64,113773,119],{"class":78},[64,113775,113776],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,113777,113778],{"class":136},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113780,20598,113781,113783],{},[15,113782,110679],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[50,113785,1988],{"id":1987},[20,113787,6816],{},[55,113789,113791],{"className":57,"code":113790,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113792,113793],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,113794,113795,113797,113799,113801,113803,113805],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,113796,15283],{"class":70},[64,113798,148],{"class":78},[64,113800,30089],{"class":115},[64,113802,112],{"class":78},[64,113804,197],{"class":115},[64,113806,119],{"class":78},[20,113808,79845],{},[30,113810,113811,113814,113817,113820,113823],{},[33,113812,113813],{},"A list",[33,113815,113816],{},"A tuple",[33,113818,113819],{},"Another set",[33,113821,113822],{},"A string",[33,113824,113825],{},"Any other iterable",[20,113827,113828],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[55,113830,113832],{"className":57,"code":113831,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,113833,113834],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,113835,113836,113838,113840,113842,113844,113846,113848,113850,113852,113854],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,113837,15283],{"class":70},[64,113839,148],{"class":78},[64,113841,30089],{"class":115},[64,113843,112],{"class":78},[64,113845,285],{"class":115},[64,113847,86],{"class":78},[64,113849,2389],{"class":115},[64,113851,86],{"class":78},[64,113853,9288],{"class":115},[64,113855,119],{"class":78},[20,113857,916],{},[55,113859,113861],{"className":57,"code":113860,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,113862,113863,113875,113909,113913,113923],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,113864,113865,113867,113869,113871,113873],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,113866,304],{"class":70},[64,113868,75],{"class":74},[64,113870,10098],{"class":78},[64,113872,83],{"class":82},[64,113874,8915],{"class":78},[64,113876,113877,113879,113881,113883,113885,113887,113889,113891,113893,113895,113897,113899,113901,113903,113905,113907],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,113878,4951],{"class":70},[64,113880,148],{"class":78},[64,113882,30089],{"class":115},[64,113884,354],{"class":78},[64,113886,815],{"class":82},[64,113888,86],{"class":78},[64,113890,94],{"class":82},[64,113892,17681],{"class":78},[64,113894,8842],{"class":78},[64,113896,2334],{"class":82},[64,113898,86],{"class":78},[64,113900,1112],{"class":82},[64,113902,8839],{"class":78},[64,113904,10098],{"class":78},[64,113906,80236],{"class":82},[64,113908,30121],{"class":78},[64,113910,113911],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,113912,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,113914,113915,113917,113919,113921],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,113916,125],{"class":108},[64,113918,112],{"class":78},[64,113920,4951],{"class":115},[64,113922,119],{"class":78},[64,113924,113925],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,113926,113927],{"class":136},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,113929,95969,113930,148],{},[285,113931,95977],{"href":97528},[50,113933,21591],{"id":21590},[20,113935,113936,44,113938,148],{},[15,113937,96959],{},[15,113939,258],{},[20,113941,11326],{},[55,113943,113945],{"className":57,"code":113944,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,113946,113947,113963,113985,113989,113999],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,113948,113949,113951,113953,113955,113957,113959,113961],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,113950,71],{"class":70},[64,113952,75],{"class":74},[64,113954,10098],{"class":78},[64,113956,83],{"class":82},[64,113958,86],{"class":78},[64,113960,89],{"class":82},[64,113962,8915],{"class":78},[64,113964,113965,113967,113969,113971,113973,113975,113977,113979,113981,113983],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,113966,103],{"class":70},[64,113968,75],{"class":74},[64,113970,762],{"class":70},[64,113972,148],{"class":78},[64,113974,30089],{"class":115},[64,113976,354],{"class":78},[64,113978,1892],{"class":82},[64,113980,86],{"class":78},[64,113982,2286],{"class":82},[64,113984,381],{"class":78},[64,113986,113987],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,113988,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,113990,113991,113993,113995,113997],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,113992,125],{"class":108},[64,113994,112],{"class":78},[64,113996,130],{"class":115},[64,113998,119],{"class":78},[64,114000,114001],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,114002,61472],{"class":136},[20,114004,114005,114006,148],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114007,130],{},[20,114009,18588],{},[55,114011,114013],{"className":57,"code":114012,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114014,114015,114031,114049,114053,114063],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,114016,114017,114019,114021,114023,114025,114027,114029],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,114018,71],{"class":70},[64,114020,75],{"class":74},[64,114022,10098],{"class":78},[64,114024,83],{"class":82},[64,114026,86],{"class":78},[64,114028,89],{"class":82},[64,114030,8915],{"class":78},[64,114032,114033,114035,114037,114039,114041,114043,114045,114047],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,114034,116],{"class":70},[64,114036,148],{"class":78},[64,114038,30089],{"class":115},[64,114040,354],{"class":78},[64,114042,1892],{"class":82},[64,114044,86],{"class":78},[64,114046,2286],{"class":82},[64,114048,381],{"class":78},[64,114050,114051],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,114052,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,114054,114055,114057,114059,114061],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,114056,125],{"class":108},[64,114058,112],{"class":78},[64,114060,116],{"class":115},[64,114062,119],{"class":78},[64,114064,114065],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,114066,113675],{"class":136},[50,114068,114070],{"id":114069},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114072,114073,114074,148],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114075,14570],{},[55,114077,114079],{"className":57,"code":114078,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114080,114081,114097,114123,114127,114137],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,114082,114083,114085,114087,114089,114091,114093,114095],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,114084,71],{"class":70},[64,114086,75],{"class":74},[64,114088,10098],{"class":78},[64,114090,83],{"class":82},[64,114092,86],{"class":78},[64,114094,89],{"class":82},[64,114096,8915],{"class":78},[64,114098,114099,114101,114103,114105,114107,114109,114111,114113,114115,114117,114119,114121],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,114100,116],{"class":70},[64,114102,148],{"class":78},[64,114104,30089],{"class":115},[64,114106,354],{"class":78},[64,114108,815],{"class":82},[64,114110,86],{"class":78},[64,114112,94],{"class":82},[64,114114,86],{"class":78},[64,114116,2286],{"class":82},[64,114118,86],{"class":78},[64,114120,2286],{"class":82},[64,114122,381],{"class":78},[64,114124,114125],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,114126,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,114128,114129,114131,114133,114135],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,114130,125],{"class":108},[64,114132,112],{"class":78},[64,114134,116],{"class":115},[64,114136,119],{"class":78},[64,114138,114139],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,114140,113675],{"class":136},[20,114142,11295],{},[30,114144,114145,114150,114157],{},[33,114146,114147,114149],{},[15,114148,815],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[33,114151,114152,896,114154,114156],{},[15,114153,1892],{},[15,114155,2334],{}," are added",[33,114158,114159,114160,114162],{},"The second ",[15,114161,2334],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114164,114165,114166,114169],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[285,114167,114168],{"href":98722},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[50,114171,114173],{"id":114172},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114175,7362,114176,114178],{},[15,114177,14570],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[55,114180,114182],{"className":57,"code":114181,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114183,114184,114205,114226,114230,114246,114250,114260],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,114185,114186,114189,114191,114193,114195,114197,114199,114201,114203],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,114187,114188],{"class":70},"set_a ",[64,114190,75],{"class":74},[64,114192,10098],{"class":78},[64,114194,83],{"class":82},[64,114196,86],{"class":78},[64,114198,89],{"class":82},[64,114200,86],{"class":78},[64,114202,94],{"class":82},[64,114204,8915],{"class":78},[64,114206,114207,114210,114212,114214,114216,114218,114220,114222,114224],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,114208,114209],{"class":70},"set_b ",[64,114211,75],{"class":74},[64,114213,10098],{"class":78},[64,114215,1892],{"class":82},[64,114217,86],{"class":78},[64,114219,2286],{"class":82},[64,114221,86],{"class":78},[64,114223,1112],{"class":82},[64,114225,8915],{"class":78},[64,114227,114228],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,114229,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,114231,114232,114235,114237,114239,114241,114244],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,114233,114234],{"class":70},"set_a",[64,114236,148],{"class":78},[64,114238,30089],{"class":115},[64,114240,112],{"class":78},[64,114242,114243],{"class":115},"set_b",[64,114245,119],{"class":78},[64,114247,114248],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,114249,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,114251,114252,114254,114256,114258],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,114253,125],{"class":108},[64,114255,112],{"class":78},[64,114257,114234],{"class":115},[64,114259,119],{"class":78},[64,114261,114262],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,114263,111636],{"class":136},[20,114265,114266],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114268,114269,114270,148],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[285,114271,114272],{"href":102441},[15,114273,107688],{},[55,114275,114277],{"className":57,"code":114276,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114278,114279,114299,114319,114323,114343,114347,114358,114362,114372],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,114280,114281,114283,114285,114287,114289,114291,114293,114295,114297],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,114282,114188],{"class":70},[64,114284,75],{"class":74},[64,114286,10098],{"class":78},[64,114288,83],{"class":82},[64,114290,86],{"class":78},[64,114292,89],{"class":82},[64,114294,86],{"class":78},[64,114296,94],{"class":82},[64,114298,8915],{"class":78},[64,114300,114301,114303,114305,114307,114309,114311,114313,114315,114317],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,114302,114209],{"class":70},[64,114304,75],{"class":74},[64,114306,10098],{"class":78},[64,114308,1892],{"class":82},[64,114310,86],{"class":78},[64,114312,2286],{"class":82},[64,114314,86],{"class":78},[64,114316,1112],{"class":82},[64,114318,8915],{"class":78},[64,114320,114321],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,114322,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,114324,114325,114328,114330,114333,114335,114337,114339,114341],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,114326,114327],{"class":70},"combined ",[64,114329,75],{"class":74},[64,114331,114332],{"class":70}," set_a",[64,114334,148],{"class":78},[64,114336,110914],{"class":115},[64,114338,112],{"class":78},[64,114340,114243],{"class":115},[64,114342,119],{"class":78},[64,114344,114345],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,114346,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,114348,114349,114351,114353,114356],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,114350,125],{"class":108},[64,114352,112],{"class":78},[64,114354,114355],{"class":115},"combined",[64,114357,119],{"class":78},[64,114359,114360],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,114361,111636],{"class":136},[64,114363,114364,114366,114368,114370],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,114365,125],{"class":108},[64,114367,112],{"class":78},[64,114369,114234],{"class":115},[64,114371,119],{"class":78},[64,114373,114374],{"class":66,"line":6028},[64,114375,114376],{"class":136},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[50,114378,114380],{"id":114379},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114382,64381,114383,114385],{},[15,114384,14570],{}," adds each character separately.",[55,114387,114389],{"className":57,"code":114388,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114390,114391,114407,114425,114429,114439],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,114392,114393,114395,114397,114399,114401,114403,114405],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,114394,35720],{"class":70},[64,114396,75],{"class":74},[64,114398,10098],{"class":78},[64,114400,2686],{"class":320},[64,114402,363],{"class":329},[64,114404,2686],{"class":320},[64,114406,8915],{"class":78},[64,114408,114409,114411,114413,114415,114417,114419,114421,114423],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,114410,35773],{"class":70},[64,114412,148],{"class":78},[64,114414,30089],{"class":115},[64,114416,112],{"class":78},[64,114418,2686],{"class":320},[64,114420,36678],{"class":329},[64,114422,2686],{"class":320},[64,114424,119],{"class":78},[64,114426,114427],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,114428,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,114430,114431,114433,114435,114437],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,114432,125],{"class":108},[64,114434,112],{"class":78},[64,114436,35773],{"class":115},[64,114438,119],{"class":78},[64,114440,114441],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,114442,114443],{"class":136},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114445,114446],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114448,114449,13669,114452,114454,114455,114457],{},[15,114450,114451],{},"update(\"cat\")",[221,114453,1138],{}," add ",[15,114456,112681],{}," as one item. It adds:",[30,114459,114460,114464,114468],{},[33,114461,114462],{},[15,114463,66123],{},[33,114465,114466],{},[15,114467,17715],{},[33,114469,114470],{},[15,114471,112697],{},[20,114473,114474,114475,160],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[285,114476,114477],{"href":98145},[15,114478,95853],{},[55,114480,114482],{"className":57,"code":114481,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114483,114484,114500,114518,114522,114532],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,114485,114486,114488,114490,114492,114494,114496,114498],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,114487,567],{"class":70},[64,114489,75],{"class":74},[64,114491,10098],{"class":78},[64,114493,2686],{"class":320},[64,114495,57767],{"class":329},[64,114497,2686],{"class":320},[64,114499,8915],{"class":78},[64,114501,114502,114504,114506,114508,114510,114512,114514,114516],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,114503,611],{"class":70},[64,114505,148],{"class":78},[64,114507,81748],{"class":115},[64,114509,112],{"class":78},[64,114511,2686],{"class":320},[64,114513,36678],{"class":329},[64,114515,2686],{"class":320},[64,114517,119],{"class":78},[64,114519,114520],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,114521,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,114523,114524,114526,114528,114530],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,114525,125],{"class":108},[64,114527,112],{"class":78},[64,114529,611],{"class":115},[64,114531,119],{"class":78},[64,114533,114534],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,114535,114536],{"class":136},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[50,114538,114540,10193,114542],{"id":114539},"update-vs-add",[15,114541,14570],{},[15,114543,95848],{},[20,114545,114546],{},"The difference is simple:",[30,114548,114549,114553],{},[33,114550,114551,96447],{},[15,114552,95848],{},[33,114554,114555,96452],{},[15,114556,14570],{},[20,114558,45676,114559,160],{},[15,114560,95848],{},[55,114562,114564],{"className":57,"code":114563,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114565,114566,114582,114600,114604,114614],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,114567,114568,114570,114572,114574,114576,114578,114580],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,114569,35869],{"class":70},[64,114571,75],{"class":74},[64,114573,10098],{"class":78},[64,114575,2686],{"class":320},[64,114577,576],{"class":329},[64,114579,2686],{"class":320},[64,114581,8915],{"class":78},[64,114583,114584,114586,114588,114590,114592,114594,114596,114598],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,114585,35921],{"class":70},[64,114587,148],{"class":78},[64,114589,81748],{"class":115},[64,114591,112],{"class":78},[64,114593,2686],{"class":320},[64,114595,585],{"class":329},[64,114597,2686],{"class":320},[64,114599,119],{"class":78},[64,114601,114602],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,114603,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,114605,114606,114608,114610,114612],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,114607,125],{"class":108},[64,114609,112],{"class":78},[64,114611,35921],{"class":115},[64,114613,119],{"class":78},[64,114615,114616],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,114617,114618],{"class":136},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114620,45676,114621,160],{},[15,114622,14570],{},[55,114624,114626],{"className":57,"code":114625,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114627,114628,114644,114670,114674,114684],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,114629,114630,114632,114634,114636,114638,114640,114642],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,114631,35869],{"class":70},[64,114633,75],{"class":74},[64,114635,10098],{"class":78},[64,114637,2686],{"class":320},[64,114639,576],{"class":329},[64,114641,2686],{"class":320},[64,114643,8915],{"class":78},[64,114645,114646,114648,114650,114652,114654,114656,114658,114660,114662,114664,114666,114668],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,114647,35921],{"class":70},[64,114649,148],{"class":78},[64,114651,30089],{"class":115},[64,114653,354],{"class":78},[64,114655,2686],{"class":320},[64,114657,585],{"class":329},[64,114659,2686],{"class":320},[64,114661,86],{"class":78},[64,114663,3184],{"class":320},[64,114665,32847],{"class":329},[64,114667,2686],{"class":320},[64,114669,381],{"class":78},[64,114671,114672],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,114673,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,114675,114676,114678,114680,114682],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,114677,125],{"class":108},[64,114679,112],{"class":78},[64,114681,35921],{"class":115},[64,114683,119],{"class":78},[64,114685,114686],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,114687,114688],{"class":136},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114690,114691],{},"Important warning with strings:",[55,114693,114695],{"className":57,"code":114694,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114696,114697,114713,114731,114735,114745],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,114698,114699,114701,114703,114705,114707,114709,114711],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,114700,35869],{"class":70},[64,114702,75],{"class":74},[64,114704,10098],{"class":78},[64,114706,2686],{"class":320},[64,114708,576],{"class":329},[64,114710,2686],{"class":320},[64,114712,8915],{"class":78},[64,114714,114715,114717,114719,114721,114723,114725,114727,114729],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,114716,35921],{"class":70},[64,114718,148],{"class":78},[64,114720,30089],{"class":115},[64,114722,112],{"class":78},[64,114724,2686],{"class":320},[64,114726,37973],{"class":329},[64,114728,2686],{"class":320},[64,114730,119],{"class":78},[64,114732,114733],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,114734,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,114736,114737,114739,114741,114743],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,114738,125],{"class":108},[64,114740,112],{"class":78},[64,114742,35921],{"class":115},[64,114744,119],{"class":78},[64,114746,114747],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,114748,114749],{"class":136},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114751,61747,114752,61820,114755,6228],{},[15,114753,114754],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114756,95848],{},[50,114758,114760,10193,114762],{"id":114759},"update-vs-union",[15,114761,14570],{},[15,114763,102444],{},[20,114765,114766],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[428,114768,114769],{"id":30089},[15,114770,14570],{},[30,114772,114773,114776],{},[33,114774,114775],{},"Changes the existing set",[33,114777,11034,114778],{},[15,114779,258],{},[55,114781,114783],{"className":57,"code":114782,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114784,114785,114801,114817,114821,114835,114845],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,114786,114787,114789,114791,114793,114795,114797,114799],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,114788,2384],{"class":70},[64,114790,75],{"class":74},[64,114792,10098],{"class":78},[64,114794,83],{"class":82},[64,114796,86],{"class":78},[64,114798,89],{"class":82},[64,114800,8915],{"class":78},[64,114802,114803,114805,114807,114809,114811,114813,114815],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,114804,2412],{"class":70},[64,114806,75],{"class":74},[64,114808,10098],{"class":78},[64,114810,815],{"class":82},[64,114812,86],{"class":78},[64,114814,94],{"class":82},[64,114816,8915],{"class":78},[64,114818,114819],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,114820,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,114822,114823,114825,114827,114829,114831,114833],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,114824,285],{"class":70},[64,114826,148],{"class":78},[64,114828,30089],{"class":115},[64,114830,112],{"class":78},[64,114832,1269],{"class":115},[64,114834,119],{"class":78},[64,114836,114837,114839,114841,114843],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,114838,125],{"class":108},[64,114840,112],{"class":78},[64,114842,285],{"class":115},[64,114844,119],{"class":78},[64,114846,114847],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,114848,114376],{"class":136},[428,114850,114851],{"id":110914},[15,114852,102444],{},[30,114854,114855,114857],{},[33,114856,100982],{},[33,114858,100985],{},[55,114860,114862],{"className":57,"code":114861,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,114863,114864,114880,114896,114900,114918,114928,114932,114942],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,114865,114866,114868,114870,114872,114874,114876,114878],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,114867,2384],{"class":70},[64,114869,75],{"class":74},[64,114871,10098],{"class":78},[64,114873,83],{"class":82},[64,114875,86],{"class":78},[64,114877,89],{"class":82},[64,114879,8915],{"class":78},[64,114881,114882,114884,114886,114888,114890,114892,114894],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,114883,2412],{"class":70},[64,114885,75],{"class":74},[64,114887,10098],{"class":78},[64,114889,815],{"class":82},[64,114891,86],{"class":78},[64,114893,94],{"class":82},[64,114895,8915],{"class":78},[64,114897,114898],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,114899,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,114901,114902,114904,114906,114908,114910,114912,114914,114916],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,114903,82828],{"class":70},[64,114905,75],{"class":74},[64,114907,56527],{"class":70},[64,114909,148],{"class":78},[64,114911,110914],{"class":115},[64,114913,112],{"class":78},[64,114915,1269],{"class":115},[64,114917,119],{"class":78},[64,114919,114920,114922,114924,114926],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,114921,125],{"class":108},[64,114923,112],{"class":78},[64,114925,9346],{"class":115},[64,114927,119],{"class":78},[64,114929,114930],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,114931,114376],{"class":136},[64,114933,114934,114936,114938,114940],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,114935,125],{"class":108},[64,114937,112],{"class":78},[64,114939,285],{"class":115},[64,114941,119],{"class":78},[64,114943,114944],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,114945,114946],{"class":136},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,114948,107330,114949,114951,114952,114956],{},[15,114950,14570],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[285,114953,114954],{"href":102441},[15,114955,102444],{}," when you want a new set.",[50,114958,114960],{"id":114959},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,114962,10356,114963,148],{},[15,114964,96959],{},[428,114966,114968],{"id":114967},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,114970,114971],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[55,114973,114975],{"className":57,"code":114974,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114976,114977,114993,115015,115019,115029],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,114978,114979,114981,114983,114985,114987,114989,114991],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,114980,15245],{"class":70},[64,114982,75],{"class":74},[64,114984,10098],{"class":78},[64,114986,83],{"class":82},[64,114988,86],{"class":78},[64,114990,89],{"class":82},[64,114992,8915],{"class":78},[64,114994,114995,114997,114999,115001,115003,115005,115007,115009,115011,115013],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,114996,103],{"class":70},[64,114998,75],{"class":74},[64,115000,96569],{"class":70},[64,115002,148],{"class":78},[64,115004,30089],{"class":115},[64,115006,354],{"class":78},[64,115008,1892],{"class":82},[64,115010,86],{"class":78},[64,115012,2286],{"class":82},[64,115014,381],{"class":78},[64,115016,115017],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,115018,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,115020,115021,115023,115025,115027],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,115022,125],{"class":108},[64,115024,112],{"class":78},[64,115026,130],{"class":115},[64,115028,119],{"class":78},[64,115030,115031],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,115032,61472],{"class":136},[20,115034,115035,115036,160],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115037,14570],{},[55,115039,115041],{"className":57,"code":115040,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115042,115043,115059,115077,115081,115091],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,115044,115045,115047,115049,115051,115053,115055,115057],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,115046,15245],{"class":70},[64,115048,75],{"class":74},[64,115050,10098],{"class":78},[64,115052,83],{"class":82},[64,115054,86],{"class":78},[64,115056,89],{"class":82},[64,115058,8915],{"class":78},[64,115060,115061,115063,115065,115067,115069,115071,115073,115075],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,115062,15283],{"class":70},[64,115064,148],{"class":78},[64,115066,30089],{"class":115},[64,115068,354],{"class":78},[64,115070,1892],{"class":82},[64,115072,86],{"class":78},[64,115074,2286],{"class":82},[64,115076,381],{"class":78},[64,115078,115079],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,115080,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,115082,115083,115085,115087,115089],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,115084,125],{"class":108},[64,115086,112],{"class":78},[64,115088,15283],{"class":115},[64,115090,119],{"class":78},[64,115092,115093],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,115094,113675],{"class":136},[428,115096,115098],{"id":115097},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115100,2668],{},[55,115102,115104],{"className":57,"code":115103,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115105,115106,115122],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,115107,115108,115110,115112,115114,115116,115118,115120],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,115109,15245],{"class":70},[64,115111,75],{"class":74},[64,115113,10098],{"class":78},[64,115115,83],{"class":82},[64,115117,86],{"class":78},[64,115119,89],{"class":82},[64,115121,8915],{"class":78},[64,115123,115124,115126,115128,115130,115132,115134],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,115125,15283],{"class":70},[64,115127,148],{"class":78},[64,115129,30089],{"class":115},[64,115131,112],{"class":78},[64,115133,1107],{"class":82},[64,115135,119],{"class":78},[20,115137,61926,115138,8205,115140,115142],{},[15,115139,2835],{},[15,115141,1107],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115144,6151],{},[55,115146,115148],{"className":57,"code":115147,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115149,115150,115166,115180,115184,115194],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,115151,115152,115154,115156,115158,115160,115162,115164],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,115153,15245],{"class":70},[64,115155,75],{"class":74},[64,115157,10098],{"class":78},[64,115159,83],{"class":82},[64,115161,86],{"class":78},[64,115163,89],{"class":82},[64,115165,8915],{"class":78},[64,115167,115168,115170,115172,115174,115176,115178],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,115169,15283],{"class":70},[64,115171,148],{"class":78},[64,115173,30089],{"class":115},[64,115175,354],{"class":78},[64,115177,1107],{"class":82},[64,115179,381],{"class":78},[64,115181,115182],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,115183,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,115185,115186,115188,115190,115192],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,115187,125],{"class":108},[64,115189,112],{"class":78},[64,115191,15283],{"class":115},[64,115193,119],{"class":78},[64,115195,115196],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,115197,115198],{"class":136},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115200,45549,115201,148],{},[285,115202,25302,115203],{"href":52238},[15,115204,115205],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[428,115207,115209],{"id":115208},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115211,115212],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[55,115214,115216],{"className":57,"code":115215,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115217,115218,115234,115260,115264,115274],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,115219,115220,115222,115224,115226,115228,115230,115232],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,115221,15245],{"class":70},[64,115223,75],{"class":74},[64,115225,10098],{"class":78},[64,115227,83],{"class":82},[64,115229,86],{"class":78},[64,115231,89],{"class":82},[64,115233,8915],{"class":78},[64,115235,115236,115238,115240,115242,115244,115246,115248,115250,115252,115254,115256,115258],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,115237,15283],{"class":70},[64,115239,148],{"class":78},[64,115241,30089],{"class":115},[64,115243,354],{"class":78},[64,115245,815],{"class":82},[64,115247,86],{"class":78},[64,115249,89],{"class":82},[64,115251,86],{"class":78},[64,115253,89],{"class":82},[64,115255,86],{"class":78},[64,115257,94],{"class":82},[64,115259,381],{"class":78},[64,115261,115262],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,115263,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,115265,115266,115268,115270,115272],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,115267,125],{"class":108},[64,115269,112],{"class":78},[64,115271,15283],{"class":115},[64,115273,119],{"class":78},[64,115275,115276],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,115277,114376],{"class":136},[428,115279,115281,115282,44265,115284,115286],{"id":115280},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115283,14570],{},[15,115285,95848],{}," is better",[20,115288,115289,115290,115292],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115291,95848],{}," is usually the better choice.",[55,115294,115296],{"className":57,"code":115295,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115297,115298,115314,115332,115336,115346],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,115299,115300,115302,115304,115306,115308,115310,115312],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,115301,15245],{"class":70},[64,115303,75],{"class":74},[64,115305,10098],{"class":78},[64,115307,2686],{"class":320},[64,115309,57767],{"class":329},[64,115311,2686],{"class":320},[64,115313,8915],{"class":78},[64,115315,115316,115318,115320,115322,115324,115326,115328,115330],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,115317,15283],{"class":70},[64,115319,148],{"class":78},[64,115321,81748],{"class":115},[64,115323,112],{"class":78},[64,115325,2686],{"class":320},[64,115327,36678],{"class":329},[64,115329,2686],{"class":320},[64,115331,119],{"class":78},[64,115333,115334],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,115335,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,115337,115338,115340,115342,115344],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,115339,125],{"class":108},[64,115341,112],{"class":78},[64,115343,15283],{"class":115},[64,115345,119],{"class":78},[64,115347,115348],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,115349,114536],{"class":136},[50,115351,1651],{"id":1650},[428,115353,12317,115355,96938],{"id":115354},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115356,96959],{},[20,115358,96941,115359,148],{},[15,115360,258],{},[428,115362,27952,115363,31852],{"id":31849},[15,115364,14570],{},[20,115366,115367],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[428,115369,1694,115371,896,115373,1677],{"id":115370},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115372,95848],{},[15,115374,14570],{},[20,115376,115377,115379,115380,115382],{},[15,115378,95848],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115381,14570],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[428,115384,115386],{"id":115385},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115388,115389,115390,114385],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115391,14570],{},[428,115393,115395],{"id":115394},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115397,1923,115398,10701,115400,148],{},[15,115399,102444],{},[15,115401,14570],{},[50,115403,1717],{"id":1716},[30,115405,115406,115413,115420,115426,115432],{},[33,115407,115408],{},[285,115409,115410],{"href":98145},[15,115411,115412],{},"Python set add() method",[33,115414,115415],{},[285,115416,115417],{"href":102441},[15,115418,115419],{},"Python set union() method",[33,115421,115422],{},[285,115423,115424],{"href":97528},[15,115425,96983],{},[33,115427,115428],{},[285,115429,115430],{"href":98722},[15,115431,99989],{},[33,115433,115434],{},[285,115435,115436,115438],{"href":52238},[15,115437,115205],{}," fix",[20,115440,115441,115442,115444,115445,115447],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115443,95853],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115446,107688],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1751,115449,115450],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":115452},[115453,115454,115456,115457,115458,115459,115460,115461,115463,115468,115475,115484],{"id":52,"depth":100,"text":53},{"id":113683,"depth":100,"text":115455},"What set.update() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":21590,"depth":100,"text":21591},{"id":114069,"depth":100,"text":114070},{"id":114172,"depth":100,"text":114173},{"id":114379,"depth":100,"text":114380},{"id":114539,"depth":100,"text":115462},"update() vs add()",{"id":114759,"depth":100,"text":115464,"children":115465},"update() vs union()",[115466,115467],{"id":30089,"depth":122,"text":14570},{"id":110914,"depth":122,"text":102444},{"id":114959,"depth":100,"text":114960,"children":115469},[115470,115471,115472,115473],{"id":114967,"depth":122,"text":114968},{"id":115097,"depth":122,"text":115098},{"id":115208,"depth":122,"text":115209},{"id":115280,"depth":122,"text":115474},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":115476},[115477,115479,115480,115482,115483],{"id":115354,"depth":122,"text":115478},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":31849,"depth":122,"text":31922},{"id":115370,"depth":122,"text":115481},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115385,"depth":122,"text":115386},{"id":115394,"depth":122,"text":115395},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113595,"description":115485},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115491,"title":115492,"body":115493,"description":117259,"extension":1791,"meta":117260,"navigation":346,"path":13405,"seo":117261,"stem":117262,"__hash__":117263},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115494,"toc":117234},[115495,115498,115501,115504,115515,115523,115526,115528,115677,115689,115693,115710,115714,115722,115724,115735,115737,115834,115840,115843,115939,115948,115953,115957,115962,115964,115974,115976,116085,116093,116097,116100,116103,116120,116126,116206,116209,116213,116216,116220,116223,116282,116285,116289,116292,116384,116388,116391,116498,116502,116508,116536,116538,116620,116630,116634,116637,116648,116651,116736,116739,116744,116748,116751,116762,116765,116907,116910,116914,116917,116931,116934,116995,117001,117003,117006,117028,117031,117131,117134,117166,117168,117172,117175,117177,117180,117184,117187,117191,117194,117198,117201,117203,117231],[10,115496,115492],{"id":115497},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115499,115500],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115502,115503],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[30,115505,115506,115509,115512],{},[33,115507,115508],{},"a list inside another list",[33,115510,115511],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[33,115513,115514],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115516,99911,115517,896,115519,115522],{},[221,115518,12464],{},[221,115520,115521],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115524,115525],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[50,115527,1833],{"id":1832},[55,115529,115531],{"className":57,"code":115530,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115532,115533,115540,115544,115570,115590,115610,115614,115632,115636,115649,115663],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,115534,115535,115537],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,115536,34719],{"class":368},[64,115538,115539],{"class":70}," copy\n",[64,115541,115542],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,115543,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,115545,115546,115548,115550,115552,115554,115556,115558,115560,115562,115564,115566,115568],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,115547,11698],{"class":70},[64,115549,75],{"class":74},[64,115551,55933],{"class":78},[64,115553,83],{"class":82},[64,115555,86],{"class":78},[64,115557,89],{"class":82},[64,115559,17681],{"class":78},[64,115561,79],{"class":78},[64,115563,1892],{"class":82},[64,115565,86],{"class":78},[64,115567,2286],{"class":82},[64,115569,52881],{"class":78},[64,115571,115572,115575,115577,115580,115582,115584,115586,115588],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,115573,115574],{"class":70},"shallow ",[64,115576,75],{"class":74},[64,115578,115579],{"class":70}," copy",[64,115581,148],{"class":78},[64,115583,12525],{"class":115},[64,115585,112],{"class":78},[64,115587,11745],{"class":115},[64,115589,119],{"class":78},[64,115591,115592,115595,115597,115599,115601,115604,115606,115608],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,115593,115594],{"class":70},"deep ",[64,115596,75],{"class":74},[64,115598,115579],{"class":70},[64,115600,148],{"class":78},[64,115602,115603],{"class":115},"deepcopy",[64,115605,112],{"class":78},[64,115607,11745],{"class":115},[64,115609,119],{"class":78},[64,115611,115612],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,115613,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,115615,115616,115618,115620,115622,115624,115626,115628,115630],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,115617,11745],{"class":70},[64,115619,394],{"class":78},[64,115621,243],{"class":82},[64,115623,13165],{"class":78},[64,115625,13168],{"class":115},[64,115627,112],{"class":78},[64,115629,55986],{"class":82},[64,115631,119],{"class":78},[64,115633,115634],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,115635,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,115637,115638,115640,115642,115644,115646],{"class":66,"line":6028},[64,115639,125],{"class":108},[64,115641,112],{"class":78},[64,115643,11745],{"class":115},[64,115645,133],{"class":78},[64,115647,115648],{"class":136},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[64,115650,115651,115653,115655,115658,115660],{"class":66,"line":6033},[64,115652,125],{"class":108},[64,115654,112],{"class":78},[64,115656,115657],{"class":115},"shallow",[64,115659,133],{"class":78},[64,115661,115662],{"class":136},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[64,115664,115665,115667,115669,115672,115674],{"class":66,"line":11206},[64,115666,125],{"class":108},[64,115668,112],{"class":78},[64,115670,115671],{"class":115},"deep",[64,115673,133],{"class":78},[64,115675,115676],{"class":136},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115678,1923,115679,115682,115683,896,115685,115688],{},[15,115680,115681],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[221,115684,12464],{},[15,115686,115687],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[50,115690,115692],{"id":115691},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[30,115694,115695,115698,115701,115704,115707],{},[33,115696,115697],{},"What a copy means in Python",[33,115699,115700],{},"How shallow copy works",[33,115702,115703],{},"How deep copy works",[33,115705,115706],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[33,115708,115709],{},"When to use each approach",[50,115711,115713],{"id":115712},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115715,14805,115716,115718,115719,115721],{},[221,115717,12464],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[221,115720,1138],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115723,1938],{},[30,115725,115726,115729,115732],{},[33,115727,115728],{},"the outer container is new",[33,115730,115731],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[33,115733,115734],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115736,916],{},[55,115738,115740],{"className":57,"code":115739,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115741,115742,115768,115782,115786,115804,115808,115821],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,115743,115744,115746,115748,115750,115752,115754,115756,115758,115760,115762,115764,115766],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,115745,11698],{"class":70},[64,115747,75],{"class":74},[64,115749,55933],{"class":78},[64,115751,83],{"class":82},[64,115753,86],{"class":78},[64,115755,89],{"class":82},[64,115757,17681],{"class":78},[64,115759,79],{"class":78},[64,115761,1892],{"class":82},[64,115763,86],{"class":78},[64,115765,2286],{"class":82},[64,115767,52881],{"class":78},[64,115769,115770,115772,115774,115776,115778,115780],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,115771,13927],{"class":70},[64,115773,75],{"class":74},[64,115775,11773],{"class":70},[64,115777,148],{"class":78},[64,115779,12525],{"class":115},[64,115781,8247],{"class":78},[64,115783,115784],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,115785,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,115787,115788,115790,115792,115794,115796,115798,115800,115802],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,115789,13946],{"class":70},[64,115791,148],{"class":78},[64,115793,13168],{"class":115},[64,115795,354],{"class":78},[64,115797,1107],{"class":82},[64,115799,86],{"class":78},[64,115801,37275],{"class":82},[64,115803,381],{"class":78},[64,115805,115806],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,115807,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,115809,115810,115812,115814,115816,115818],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,115811,125],{"class":108},[64,115813,112],{"class":78},[64,115815,11745],{"class":115},[64,115817,133],{"class":78},[64,115819,115820],{"class":136},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[64,115822,115823,115825,115827,115829,115831],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,115824,125],{"class":108},[64,115826,112],{"class":78},[64,115828,13946],{"class":115},[64,115830,133],{"class":78},[64,115832,115833],{"class":136},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,115835,115836,115837,115839],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,115838,13946],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,115841,115842],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[55,115844,115846],{"className":57,"code":115845,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115847,115848,115874,115888,115892,115910,115914,115926],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,115849,115850,115852,115854,115856,115858,115860,115862,115864,115866,115868,115870,115872],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,115851,11698],{"class":70},[64,115853,75],{"class":74},[64,115855,55933],{"class":78},[64,115857,83],{"class":82},[64,115859,86],{"class":78},[64,115861,89],{"class":82},[64,115863,17681],{"class":78},[64,115865,79],{"class":78},[64,115867,1892],{"class":82},[64,115869,86],{"class":78},[64,115871,2286],{"class":82},[64,115873,52881],{"class":78},[64,115875,115876,115878,115880,115882,115884,115886],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,115877,13927],{"class":70},[64,115879,75],{"class":74},[64,115881,11773],{"class":70},[64,115883,148],{"class":78},[64,115885,12525],{"class":115},[64,115887,8247],{"class":78},[64,115889,115890],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,115891,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,115893,115894,115896,115898,115900,115902,115904,115906,115908],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,115895,13946],{"class":70},[64,115897,394],{"class":78},[64,115899,243],{"class":82},[64,115901,13165],{"class":78},[64,115903,13168],{"class":115},[64,115905,112],{"class":78},[64,115907,55986],{"class":82},[64,115909,119],{"class":78},[64,115911,115912],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,115913,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,115915,115916,115918,115920,115922,115924],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,115917,125],{"class":108},[64,115919,112],{"class":78},[64,115921,11745],{"class":115},[64,115923,133],{"class":78},[64,115925,115648],{"class":136},[64,115927,115928,115930,115932,115934,115936],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,115929,125],{"class":108},[64,115931,112],{"class":78},[64,115933,13946],{"class":115},[64,115935,133],{"class":78},[64,115937,115938],{"class":136},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115940,115941,115942,896,115944,115947],{},"Both changed because ",[15,115943,56090],{},[15,115945,115946],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,115949,115950,115951,148],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[285,115952,43571],{"href":11677},[50,115954,115956],{"id":115955},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,115958,14805,115959,115961],{},[221,115960,115521],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,115963,1938],{},[30,115965,115966,115968,115971],{},[33,115967,115728],{},[33,115969,115970],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[33,115972,115973],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,115975,916],{},[55,115977,115979],{"className":57,"code":115978,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115980,115981,115987,115991,116017,116035,116039,116057,116061,116073],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,115982,115983,115985],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,115984,34719],{"class":368},[64,115986,115539],{"class":70},[64,115988,115989],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,115990,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,115992,115993,115995,115997,115999,116001,116003,116005,116007,116009,116011,116013,116015],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,115994,11698],{"class":70},[64,115996,75],{"class":74},[64,115998,55933],{"class":78},[64,116000,83],{"class":82},[64,116002,86],{"class":78},[64,116004,89],{"class":82},[64,116006,17681],{"class":78},[64,116008,79],{"class":78},[64,116010,1892],{"class":82},[64,116012,86],{"class":78},[64,116014,2286],{"class":82},[64,116016,52881],{"class":78},[64,116018,116019,116021,116023,116025,116027,116029,116031,116033],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,116020,13927],{"class":70},[64,116022,75],{"class":74},[64,116024,115579],{"class":70},[64,116026,148],{"class":78},[64,116028,115603],{"class":115},[64,116030,112],{"class":78},[64,116032,11745],{"class":115},[64,116034,119],{"class":78},[64,116036,116037],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,116038,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,116040,116041,116043,116045,116047,116049,116051,116053,116055],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,116042,13946],{"class":70},[64,116044,394],{"class":78},[64,116046,243],{"class":82},[64,116048,13165],{"class":78},[64,116050,13168],{"class":115},[64,116052,112],{"class":78},[64,116054,55986],{"class":82},[64,116056,119],{"class":78},[64,116058,116059],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,116060,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,116062,116063,116065,116067,116069,116071],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,116064,125],{"class":108},[64,116066,112],{"class":78},[64,116068,11745],{"class":115},[64,116070,133],{"class":78},[64,116072,115820],{"class":136},[64,116074,116075,116077,116079,116081,116083],{"class":66,"line":6028},[64,116076,125],{"class":108},[64,116078,112],{"class":78},[64,116080,13946],{"class":115},[64,116082,133],{"class":78},[64,116084,115938],{"class":136},[20,116086,116087,116088,116090,116091,148],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116089,115946],{}," does not change ",[15,116092,56090],{},[50,116094,116096],{"id":116095},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116098,116099],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116101,116102],{},"Common reasons:",[30,116104,116105,116108,116111,116117],{},[33,116106,116107],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[33,116109,116110],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[33,116112,116113,116114,116116],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116115,75],{}," does not make a copy",[33,116118,116119],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116121,116122,116123,116125],{},"For example, this does ",[221,116124,1138],{}," create a copy:",[55,116127,116129],{"className":57,"code":116128,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116130,116131,116151,116159,116163,116177,116181,116193],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,116132,116133,116135,116137,116139,116141,116143,116145,116147,116149],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,116134,11698],{"class":70},[64,116136,75],{"class":74},[64,116138,79],{"class":78},[64,116140,83],{"class":82},[64,116142,86],{"class":78},[64,116144,89],{"class":82},[64,116146,86],{"class":78},[64,116148,94],{"class":82},[64,116150,97],{"class":78},[64,116152,116153,116155,116157],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,116154,13927],{"class":70},[64,116156,75],{"class":74},[64,116158,11736],{"class":70},[64,116160,116161],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,116162,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,116164,116165,116167,116169,116171,116173,116175],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,116166,13946],{"class":70},[64,116168,148],{"class":78},[64,116170,13168],{"class":115},[64,116172,112],{"class":78},[64,116174,2334],{"class":82},[64,116176,119],{"class":78},[64,116178,116179],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,116180,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,116182,116183,116185,116187,116189,116191],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,116184,125],{"class":108},[64,116186,112],{"class":78},[64,116188,11745],{"class":115},[64,116190,133],{"class":78},[64,116192,55340],{"class":136},[64,116194,116195,116197,116199,116201,116203],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,116196,125],{"class":108},[64,116198,112],{"class":78},[64,116200,13946],{"class":115},[64,116202,133],{"class":78},[64,116204,116205],{"class":136},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116207,116208],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[50,116210,116212],{"id":116211},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116214,116215],{},"These three ideas are different.",[428,116217,116219],{"id":116218},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116221,116222],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[55,116224,116226],{"className":57,"code":116225,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116227,116228,116254,116262,116266],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,116229,116230,116232,116234,116236,116238,116240,116242,116244,116246,116248,116250,116252],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,116231,11698],{"class":70},[64,116233,75],{"class":74},[64,116235,55933],{"class":78},[64,116237,83],{"class":82},[64,116239,86],{"class":78},[64,116241,89],{"class":82},[64,116243,17681],{"class":78},[64,116245,79],{"class":78},[64,116247,1892],{"class":82},[64,116249,86],{"class":78},[64,116251,2286],{"class":82},[64,116253,52881],{"class":78},[64,116255,116256,116258,116260],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,116257,13718],{"class":70},[64,116259,75],{"class":74},[64,116261,11736],{"class":70},[64,116263,116264],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,116265,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,116267,116268,116270,116272,116274,116276,116278,116280],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,116269,125],{"class":108},[64,116271,112],{"class":78},[64,116273,11698],{"class":115},[64,116275,11806],{"class":368},[64,116277,13786],{"class":115},[64,116279,133],{"class":78},[64,116281,137],{"class":136},[20,116283,116284],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[428,116286,116288],{"id":116287},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116290,116291],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[55,116293,116295],{"className":57,"code":116294,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116296,116297,116323,116337,116341,116358],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,116298,116299,116301,116303,116305,116307,116309,116311,116313,116315,116317,116319,116321],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,116300,11698],{"class":70},[64,116302,75],{"class":74},[64,116304,55933],{"class":78},[64,116306,83],{"class":82},[64,116308,86],{"class":78},[64,116310,89],{"class":82},[64,116312,17681],{"class":78},[64,116314,79],{"class":78},[64,116316,1892],{"class":82},[64,116318,86],{"class":78},[64,116320,2286],{"class":82},[64,116322,52881],{"class":78},[64,116324,116325,116327,116329,116331,116333,116335],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,116326,115574],{"class":70},[64,116328,75],{"class":74},[64,116330,11773],{"class":70},[64,116332,148],{"class":78},[64,116334,12525],{"class":115},[64,116336,8247],{"class":78},[64,116338,116339],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,116340,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,116342,116343,116345,116347,116349,116351,116354,116356],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,116344,125],{"class":108},[64,116346,112],{"class":78},[64,116348,11698],{"class":115},[64,116350,11806],{"class":368},[64,116352,116353],{"class":115}," shallow",[64,116355,133],{"class":78},[64,116357,20821],{"class":136},[64,116359,116360,116362,116364,116366,116368,116370,116372,116374,116376,116378,116380,116382],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,116361,125],{"class":108},[64,116363,112],{"class":78},[64,116365,11745],{"class":115},[64,116367,394],{"class":78},[64,116369,243],{"class":82},[64,116371,12888],{"class":78},[64,116373,7698],{"class":368},[64,116375,116353],{"class":115},[64,116377,394],{"class":78},[64,116379,243],{"class":82},[64,116381,20066],{"class":78},[64,116383,137],{"class":136},[428,116385,116387],{"id":116386},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116389,116390],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[55,116392,116394],{"className":57,"code":116393,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116395,116396,116402,116406,116432,116450,116454,116472],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,116397,116398,116400],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,116399,34719],{"class":368},[64,116401,115539],{"class":70},[64,116403,116404],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,116405,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,116407,116408,116410,116412,116414,116416,116418,116420,116422,116424,116426,116428,116430],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,116409,11698],{"class":70},[64,116411,75],{"class":74},[64,116413,55933],{"class":78},[64,116415,83],{"class":82},[64,116417,86],{"class":78},[64,116419,89],{"class":82},[64,116421,17681],{"class":78},[64,116423,79],{"class":78},[64,116425,1892],{"class":82},[64,116427,86],{"class":78},[64,116429,2286],{"class":82},[64,116431,52881],{"class":78},[64,116433,116434,116436,116438,116440,116442,116444,116446,116448],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,116435,115594],{"class":70},[64,116437,75],{"class":74},[64,116439,115579],{"class":70},[64,116441,148],{"class":78},[64,116443,115603],{"class":115},[64,116445,112],{"class":78},[64,116447,11745],{"class":115},[64,116449,119],{"class":78},[64,116451,116452],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,116453,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,116455,116456,116458,116460,116462,116464,116467,116469],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,116457,125],{"class":108},[64,116459,112],{"class":78},[64,116461,11698],{"class":115},[64,116463,11806],{"class":368},[64,116465,116466],{"class":115}," deep",[64,116468,133],{"class":78},[64,116470,116471],{"class":136},"         # False\n",[64,116473,116474,116476,116478,116480,116482,116484,116486,116488,116490,116492,116494,116496],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,116475,125],{"class":108},[64,116477,112],{"class":78},[64,116479,11745],{"class":115},[64,116481,394],{"class":78},[64,116483,243],{"class":82},[64,116485,12888],{"class":78},[64,116487,7698],{"class":368},[64,116489,116466],{"class":115},[64,116491,394],{"class":78},[64,116493,243],{"class":82},[64,116495,20066],{"class":78},[64,116497,43507],{"class":136},[50,116499,116501],{"id":116500},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116503,116504,116505,160],{},"These all make ",[221,116506,116507],{},"shallow copies",[30,116509,116510,116514,116518,116523,116529],{},[33,116511,116512],{},[15,116513,55240],{},[33,116515,116516],{},[15,116517,12047],{},[33,116519,116520],{},[15,116521,116522],{},"set.copy()",[33,116524,116525,116526],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116527,116528],{},"my_list[:]",[33,116530,116531,116533,116534,34709],{},[15,116532,115681],{}," from the ",[15,116535,12525],{},[20,116537,1956],{},[55,116539,116541],{"className":57,"code":116540,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116542,116543,116563,116567,116581,116592,116596,116608],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,116544,116545,116547,116549,116551,116553,116555,116557,116559,116561],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,116546,71],{"class":70},[64,116548,75],{"class":74},[64,116550,79],{"class":78},[64,116552,83],{"class":82},[64,116554,86],{"class":78},[64,116556,89],{"class":82},[64,116558,86],{"class":78},[64,116560,94],{"class":82},[64,116562,97],{"class":78},[64,116564,116565],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,116566,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,116568,116569,116571,116573,116575,116577,116579],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,116570,2384],{"class":70},[64,116572,75],{"class":74},[64,116574,762],{"class":70},[64,116576,148],{"class":78},[64,116578,12525],{"class":115},[64,116580,8247],{"class":78},[64,116582,116583,116585,116587,116589],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,116584,2412],{"class":70},[64,116586,75],{"class":74},[64,116588,762],{"class":70},[64,116590,116591],{"class":78},"[:]\n",[64,116593,116594],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,116595,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,116597,116598,116600,116602,116604,116606],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,116599,125],{"class":108},[64,116601,112],{"class":78},[64,116603,285],{"class":115},[64,116605,133],{"class":78},[64,116607,54571],{"class":136},[64,116609,116610,116612,116614,116616,116618],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,116611,125],{"class":108},[64,116613,112],{"class":78},[64,116615,1269],{"class":115},[64,116617,133],{"class":78},[64,116619,54571],{"class":136},[20,116621,72782,116622,47170,116626,148],{},[285,116623,116624,10349],{"href":54599},[15,116625,55240],{},[285,116627,116628,10349],{"href":12044},[15,116629,12047],{},[50,116631,116633],{"id":116632},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116635,116636],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[30,116638,116639,116642,116645],{},[33,116640,116641],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[33,116643,116644],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[33,116646,116647],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116649,116650],{},"Example with a flat list:",[55,116652,116654],{"className":57,"code":116653,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116655,116656,116676,116690,116694,116708,116712,116724],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,116657,116658,116660,116662,116664,116666,116668,116670,116672,116674],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,116659,11698],{"class":70},[64,116661,75],{"class":74},[64,116663,79],{"class":78},[64,116665,83],{"class":82},[64,116667,86],{"class":78},[64,116669,89],{"class":82},[64,116671,86],{"class":78},[64,116673,94],{"class":82},[64,116675,97],{"class":78},[64,116677,116678,116680,116682,116684,116686,116688],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,116679,13927],{"class":70},[64,116681,75],{"class":74},[64,116683,11773],{"class":70},[64,116685,148],{"class":78},[64,116687,12525],{"class":115},[64,116689,8247],{"class":78},[64,116691,116692],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,116693,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,116695,116696,116698,116700,116702,116704,116706],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,116697,13946],{"class":70},[64,116699,148],{"class":78},[64,116701,13168],{"class":115},[64,116703,112],{"class":78},[64,116705,2334],{"class":82},[64,116707,119],{"class":78},[64,116709,116710],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,116711,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,116713,116714,116716,116718,116720,116722],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,116715,125],{"class":108},[64,116717,112],{"class":78},[64,116719,11745],{"class":115},[64,116721,133],{"class":78},[64,116723,54571],{"class":136},[64,116725,116726,116728,116730,116732,116734],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,116727,125],{"class":108},[64,116729,112],{"class":78},[64,116731,13946],{"class":115},[64,116733,133],{"class":78},[64,116735,116205],{"class":136},[20,116737,116738],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116740,116741,116742,148],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[285,116743,14504],{"href":56859},[50,116745,116747],{"id":116746},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116749,116750],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[30,116752,116753,116756,116759],{},[33,116754,116755],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[33,116757,116758],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[33,116760,116761],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116763,116764],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[55,116766,116768],{"className":57,"code":116767,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116769,116770,116776,116780,116806,116820,116838,116842,116864,116868,116881,116894],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,116771,116772,116774],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,116773,34719],{"class":368},[64,116775,115539],{"class":70},[64,116777,116778],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,116779,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,116781,116782,116784,116786,116788,116790,116792,116794,116796,116798,116800,116802,116804],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,116783,11698],{"class":70},[64,116785,75],{"class":74},[64,116787,10098],{"class":78},[64,116789,2686],{"class":320},[64,116791,16006],{"class":329},[64,116793,2686],{"class":320},[64,116795,160],{"class":78},[64,116797,79],{"class":78},[64,116799,2160],{"class":82},[64,116801,86],{"class":78},[64,116803,7390],{"class":82},[64,116805,13321],{"class":78},[64,116807,116808,116810,116812,116814,116816,116818],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,116809,115574],{"class":70},[64,116811,75],{"class":74},[64,116813,11773],{"class":70},[64,116815,148],{"class":78},[64,116817,12525],{"class":115},[64,116819,8247],{"class":78},[64,116821,116822,116824,116826,116828,116830,116832,116834,116836],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,116823,115594],{"class":70},[64,116825,75],{"class":74},[64,116827,115579],{"class":70},[64,116829,148],{"class":78},[64,116831,115603],{"class":115},[64,116833,112],{"class":78},[64,116835,11745],{"class":115},[64,116837,119],{"class":78},[64,116839,116840],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,116841,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,116843,116844,116846,116848,116850,116852,116854,116856,116858,116860,116862],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,116845,11745],{"class":70},[64,116847,394],{"class":78},[64,116849,2686],{"class":320},[64,116851,16006],{"class":329},[64,116853,2686],{"class":320},[64,116855,13165],{"class":78},[64,116857,13168],{"class":115},[64,116859,112],{"class":78},[64,116861,36472],{"class":82},[64,116863,119],{"class":78},[64,116865,116866],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,116867,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,116869,116870,116872,116874,116876,116878],{"class":66,"line":6028},[64,116871,125],{"class":108},[64,116873,112],{"class":78},[64,116875,11745],{"class":115},[64,116877,133],{"class":78},[64,116879,116880],{"class":136},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[64,116882,116883,116885,116887,116889,116891],{"class":66,"line":6033},[64,116884,125],{"class":108},[64,116886,112],{"class":78},[64,116888,115657],{"class":115},[64,116890,133],{"class":78},[64,116892,116893],{"class":136},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[64,116895,116896,116898,116900,116902,116904],{"class":66,"line":11206},[64,116897,125],{"class":108},[64,116899,112],{"class":78},[64,116901,115671],{"class":115},[64,116903,133],{"class":78},[64,116905,116906],{"class":136},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,116908,116909],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[50,116911,116913],{"id":116912},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,116915,116916],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[30,116918,116919,116922,116925,116928],{},[33,116920,116921],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[33,116923,116924],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[33,116926,116927],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[33,116929,116930],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,116932,116933],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[55,116935,116937],{"className":57,"code":116936,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,116938,116939,116947,116955,116959,116967,116971,116983],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,116940,116941,116943,116945],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,116942,2384],{"class":70},[64,116944,75],{"class":74},[64,116946,2417],{"class":82},[64,116948,116949,116951,116953],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,116950,2412],{"class":70},[64,116952,75],{"class":74},[64,116954,35805],{"class":70},[64,116956,116957],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,116958,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,116960,116961,116963,116965],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,116962,2412],{"class":70},[64,116964,75],{"class":74},[64,116966,14230],{"class":82},[64,116968,116969],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,116970,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,116972,116973,116975,116977,116979,116981],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,116974,125],{"class":108},[64,116976,112],{"class":78},[64,116978,285],{"class":115},[64,116980,133],{"class":78},[64,116982,26418],{"class":136},[64,116984,116985,116987,116989,116991,116993],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,116986,125],{"class":108},[64,116988,112],{"class":78},[64,116990,1269],{"class":115},[64,116992,133],{"class":78},[64,116994,27239],{"class":136},[20,116996,93153,116997,117000],{},[285,116998,116999],{"href":11677},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[50,117002,2661],{"id":2660},[20,117004,117005],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[30,117007,117008,117012,117017,117022,117025],{},[33,117009,8020,117010,56423],{},[15,117011,75],{},[33,117013,8020,117014,117016],{},[15,117015,55240],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[33,117018,8020,117019,117021],{},[15,117020,12047],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[33,117023,117024],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[33,117026,117027],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117029,117030],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[55,117032,117034],{"className":57,"code":117033,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117035,117036,117050,117064,117086,117117],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,117037,117038,117040,117042,117044,117046,117048],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,117039,125],{"class":108},[64,117041,112],{"class":78},[64,117043,11698],{"class":115},[64,117045,11806],{"class":368},[64,117047,14000],{"class":115},[64,117049,119],{"class":78},[64,117051,117052,117054,117056,117058,117060,117062],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,117053,125],{"class":108},[64,117055,112],{"class":78},[64,117057,11698],{"class":115},[64,117059,1196],{"class":74},[64,117061,14000],{"class":115},[64,117063,119],{"class":78},[64,117065,117066,117068,117070,117072,117074,117076,117078,117080,117082,117084],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,117067,125],{"class":108},[64,117069,112],{"class":78},[64,117071,12262],{"class":108},[64,117073,112],{"class":78},[64,117075,11745],{"class":115},[64,117077,8839],{"class":78},[64,117079,14432],{"class":108},[64,117081,112],{"class":78},[64,117083,13946],{"class":115},[64,117085,471],{"class":78},[64,117087,117088,117090,117092,117094,117096,117098,117100,117102,117105,117107,117109,117111,117113,117115],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,117089,125],{"class":108},[64,117091,112],{"class":78},[64,117093,12262],{"class":108},[64,117095,112],{"class":78},[64,117097,11745],{"class":115},[64,117099,394],{"class":78},[64,117101,243],{"class":82},[64,117103,117104],{"class":78},"]),",[64,117106,14432],{"class":108},[64,117108,112],{"class":78},[64,117110,13946],{"class":115},[64,117112,394],{"class":78},[64,117114,243],{"class":82},[64,117116,1081],{"class":78},[64,117118,117119,117121,117123,117125,117127,117129],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,117120,125],{"class":108},[64,117122,112],{"class":78},[64,117124,3052],{"class":357},[64,117126,112],{"class":78},[64,117128,11745],{"class":115},[64,117130,471],{"class":78},[20,117132,117133],{},"What they tell you:",[30,117135,117136,117141,117146,117151,117161],{},[33,117137,117138,117140],{},[15,117139,11806],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[33,117142,117143,117145],{},[15,117144,1196],{}," checks whether values are equal",[33,117147,117148,117150],{},[15,117149,43123],{}," shows the identity of an object",[33,117152,117153,117154,896,117157,117160],{},"comparing ",[15,117155,117156],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117158,117159],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[33,117162,117163,117165],{},[15,117164,2131],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[50,117167,1651],{"id":1650},[428,117169,117171],{"id":117170},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117173,117174],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[428,117176,56909],{"id":56824},[20,117178,117179],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[428,117181,117183],{"id":117182},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117185,117186],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[428,117188,117190],{"id":117189},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117192,117193],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[428,117195,117197],{"id":117196},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117199,117200],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[50,117202,1717],{"id":1716},[30,117204,117205,117210,117216,117222,117226],{},[33,117206,117207],{},[285,117208,117209],{"href":11677},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[33,117211,117212],{},[285,117213,13,117214,10349],{"href":54599},[15,117215,55240],{},[33,117217,117218],{},[285,117219,13,117220,10349],{"href":12044},[15,117221,12047],{},[33,117223,117224],{},[285,117225,14581],{"href":56859},[33,117227,117228],{},[285,117229,117230],{"href":58134},"What is a list in Python?",[1751,117232,117233],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":117235},[117236,117237,117238,117239,117240,117241,117246,117247,117248,117249,117250,117251,117258],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":115691,"depth":100,"text":115692},{"id":115712,"depth":100,"text":115713},{"id":115955,"depth":100,"text":115956},{"id":116095,"depth":100,"text":116096},{"id":116211,"depth":100,"text":116212,"children":117242},[117243,117244,117245],{"id":116218,"depth":122,"text":116219},{"id":116287,"depth":122,"text":116288},{"id":116386,"depth":122,"text":116387},{"id":116500,"depth":100,"text":116501},{"id":116632,"depth":100,"text":116633},{"id":116746,"depth":100,"text":116747},{"id":116912,"depth":100,"text":116913},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":117252},[117253,117254,117255,117256,117257],{"id":117170,"depth":122,"text":117171},{"id":56824,"depth":122,"text":56909},{"id":117182,"depth":122,"text":117183},{"id":117189,"depth":122,"text":117190},{"id":117196,"depth":122,"text":117197},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115492,"description":117259},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117265,"title":117266,"body":117267,"description":119124,"extension":1791,"meta":119125,"navigation":346,"path":119126,"seo":119127,"stem":119128,"__hash__":119129},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117268,"toc":119082},[117269,117274,117279,117287,117289,117357,117362,117367,117382,117385,117387,117418,117420,117440,117443,117458,117460,117463,117536,117538,117583,117585,117596,117601,117605,117610,117613,117652,117654,117674,117677,117734,117736,117771,117774,117813,117815,117835,117838,117869,117871,117927,117929,117934,118005,118007,118040,118045,118050,118115,118117,118154,118157,118234,118236,118296,118303,118308,118311,118314,118395,118397,118438,118443,118446,118524,118526,118559,118568,118575,118578,118589,118592,118603,118607,118615,118624,118628,118633,118637,118642,118685,118688,118694,118697,118699,118746,118751,118755,118758,118807,118809,118830,118833,118835,118860,118863,118984,118989,118991,118996,118999,119004,119007,119015,119020,119027,119030,119038,119041,119043,119079],[10,117270,13,117272,18],{"id":117271},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117273,74066],{},[20,117275,117276,117278],{},[15,117277,74066],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117280,117281,117282,2020,117284,117286],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117283,77509],{},[15,117285,74066],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[50,117288,53],{"id":52},[55,117290,117292],{"className":57,"code":117291,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117293,117294,117314,117328,117332,117344],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,117295,117296,117298,117300,117302,117304,117306,117308,117310,117312],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,117297,71],{"class":70},[64,117299,75],{"class":74},[64,117301,79],{"class":78},[64,117303,1892],{"class":82},[64,117305,86],{"class":78},[64,117307,5091],{"class":82},[64,117309,86],{"class":78},[64,117311,89],{"class":82},[64,117313,97],{"class":78},[64,117315,117316,117318,117320,117322,117324,117326],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,117317,103],{"class":70},[64,117319,75],{"class":74},[64,117321,74200],{"class":108},[64,117323,112],{"class":78},[64,117325,116],{"class":115},[64,117327,119],{"class":78},[64,117329,117330],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,117331,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,117333,117334,117336,117338,117340,117342],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,117335,125],{"class":108},[64,117337,112],{"class":78},[64,117339,130],{"class":115},[64,117341,133],{"class":78},[64,117343,55327],{"class":136},[64,117345,117346,117348,117350,117352,117354],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,117347,125],{"class":108},[64,117349,112],{"class":78},[64,117351,116],{"class":115},[64,117353,133],{"class":78},[64,117355,117356],{"class":136},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117358,117359,117361],{},[15,117360,74066],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[50,117363,152,117365,155],{"id":117364},"what-sorted-does",[15,117366,74066],{},[30,117368,117369,117373,117376,117379],{},[33,117370,117371,62567],{},[15,117372,74066],{},[33,117374,117375],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[33,117377,117378],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[33,117380,117381],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117383,117384],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[50,117386,1988],{"id":1987},[55,117388,117390],{"className":57,"code":117389,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117391,117392],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,117393,117394,117396,117398,117400,117402,117404,117406,117408,117410,117412,117414,117416],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,117395,74156],{"class":108},[64,117397,112],{"class":78},[64,117399,197],{"class":115},[64,117401,86],{"class":78},[64,117403,21200],{"class":8781},[64,117405,75],{"class":74},[64,117407,258],{"class":338},[64,117409,86],{"class":78},[64,117411,77712],{"class":8781},[64,117413,75],{"class":74},[64,117415,147],{"class":338},[64,117417,119],{"class":78},[428,117419,17013],{"id":17012},[30,117421,117422,117427,117432],{},[33,117423,117424,117426],{},[15,117425,197],{},": the values to sort",[33,117428,117429,117431],{},[15,117430,14457],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[33,117433,117434,117436,117437,117439],{},[15,117435,73219],{},": set to ",[15,117438,47],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117441,117442],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[55,117444,117446],{"className":57,"code":117445,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117447,117448],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,117449,117450,117452,117454,117456],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,117451,74156],{"class":108},[64,117453,112],{"class":78},[64,117455,59948],{"class":115},[64,117457,119],{"class":78},[50,117459,11086],{"id":11085},[20,117461,117462],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[55,117464,117466],{"className":57,"code":117465,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117467,117468,117492,117496,117511,117515,117526],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,117469,117470,117472,117474,117476,117478,117480,117482,117484,117486,117488,117490],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,117471,71],{"class":70},[64,117473,75],{"class":74},[64,117475,79],{"class":78},[64,117477,1107],{"class":82},[64,117479,86],{"class":78},[64,117481,89],{"class":82},[64,117483,86],{"class":78},[64,117485,5955],{"class":82},[64,117487,86],{"class":78},[64,117489,5091],{"class":82},[64,117491,97],{"class":78},[64,117493,117494],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,117495,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,117497,117498,117501,117503,117505,117507,117509],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,117499,117500],{"class":70},"sorted_numbers ",[64,117502,75],{"class":74},[64,117504,74200],{"class":108},[64,117506,112],{"class":78},[64,117508,116],{"class":115},[64,117510,119],{"class":78},[64,117512,117513],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,117514,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,117516,117517,117519,117521,117524],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,117518,125],{"class":108},[64,117520,112],{"class":78},[64,117522,117523],{"class":115},"sorted_numbers",[64,117525,119],{"class":78},[64,117527,117528,117530,117532,117534],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,117529,125],{"class":108},[64,117531,112],{"class":78},[64,117533,116],{"class":115},[64,117535,119],{"class":78},[20,117537,384],{},[55,117539,117541],{"className":57,"code":117540,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117542,117543,117563],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,117544,117545,117547,117549,117551,117553,117555,117557,117559,117561],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,117546,394],{"class":78},[64,117548,83],{"class":82},[64,117550,86],{"class":78},[64,117552,89],{"class":82},[64,117554,86],{"class":78},[64,117556,1112],{"class":82},[64,117558,86],{"class":78},[64,117560,5955],{"class":82},[64,117562,97],{"class":78},[64,117564,117565,117567,117569,117571,117573,117575,117577,117579,117581],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,117566,394],{"class":78},[64,117568,1107],{"class":82},[64,117570,86],{"class":78},[64,117572,89],{"class":82},[64,117574,86],{"class":78},[64,117576,5955],{"class":82},[64,117578,86],{"class":78},[64,117580,5091],{"class":82},[64,117582,97],{"class":78},[20,117584,13378],{},[30,117586,117587,117592],{},[33,117588,117589,117591],{},[15,117590,117523],{}," is a new sorted list",[33,117593,117594,112128],{},[15,117595,116],{},[20,117597,117598,117599,148],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[285,117600,78019],{"href":78018},[50,117602,117604],{"id":117603},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117606,117607,117609],{},[15,117608,74066],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[428,117611,117612],{"id":7695},"List",[55,117614,117616],{"className":57,"code":117615,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117617,117618,117638],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,117619,117620,117622,117624,117626,117628,117630,117632,117634,117636],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,117621,71],{"class":70},[64,117623,75],{"class":74},[64,117625,79],{"class":78},[64,117627,1892],{"class":82},[64,117629,86],{"class":78},[64,117631,5091],{"class":82},[64,117633,86],{"class":78},[64,117635,89],{"class":82},[64,117637,97],{"class":78},[64,117639,117640,117642,117644,117646,117648,117650],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,117641,125],{"class":108},[64,117643,112],{"class":78},[64,117645,74156],{"class":108},[64,117647,112],{"class":78},[64,117649,116],{"class":115},[64,117651,471],{"class":78},[20,117653,384],{},[55,117655,117656],{"className":57,"code":54789,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,117657,117658],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,117659,117660,117662,117664,117666,117668,117670,117672],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,117661,394],{"class":78},[64,117663,83],{"class":82},[64,117665,86],{"class":78},[64,117667,89],{"class":82},[64,117669,86],{"class":78},[64,117671,94],{"class":82},[64,117673,97],{"class":78},[428,117675,117676],{"id":48590},"Tuple",[55,117678,117680],{"className":57,"code":117679,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117681,117682,117702,117716],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,117683,117684,117686,117688,117690,117692,117694,117696,117698,117700],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,117685,304],{"class":70},[64,117687,75],{"class":74},[64,117689,8842],{"class":78},[64,117691,1892],{"class":82},[64,117693,86],{"class":78},[64,117695,5091],{"class":82},[64,117697,86],{"class":78},[64,117699,89],{"class":82},[64,117701,119],{"class":78},[64,117703,117704,117706,117708,117710,117712,117714],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,117705,125],{"class":108},[64,117707,112],{"class":78},[64,117709,74156],{"class":108},[64,117711,112],{"class":78},[64,117713,4951],{"class":115},[64,117715,471],{"class":78},[64,117717,117718,117720,117722,117724,117726,117728,117730,117732],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,117719,125],{"class":108},[64,117721,112],{"class":78},[64,117723,3052],{"class":357},[64,117725,112],{"class":78},[64,117727,74156],{"class":108},[64,117729,112],{"class":78},[64,117731,4951],{"class":115},[64,117733,2744],{"class":78},[20,117735,384],{},[55,117737,117739],{"className":57,"code":117738,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117740,117741,117757],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,117742,117743,117745,117747,117749,117751,117753,117755],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,117744,394],{"class":78},[64,117746,83],{"class":82},[64,117748,86],{"class":78},[64,117750,89],{"class":82},[64,117752,86],{"class":78},[64,117754,94],{"class":82},[64,117756,97],{"class":78},[64,117758,117759,117761,117763,117765,117767,117769],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,117760,3121],{"class":74},[64,117762,3124],{"class":1895},[64,117764,326],{"class":320},[64,117766,7695],{"class":329},[64,117768,333],{"class":320},[64,117770,3133],{"class":74},[428,117772,117773],{"id":5882},"Set",[55,117775,117777],{"className":57,"code":117776,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117778,117779,117799],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,117780,117781,117783,117785,117787,117789,117791,117793,117795,117797],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,117782,304],{"class":70},[64,117784,75],{"class":74},[64,117786,10098],{"class":78},[64,117788,1892],{"class":82},[64,117790,86],{"class":78},[64,117792,5091],{"class":82},[64,117794,86],{"class":78},[64,117796,89],{"class":82},[64,117798,8915],{"class":78},[64,117800,117801,117803,117805,117807,117809,117811],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,117802,125],{"class":108},[64,117804,112],{"class":78},[64,117806,74156],{"class":108},[64,117808,112],{"class":78},[64,117810,4951],{"class":115},[64,117812,471],{"class":78},[20,117814,384],{},[55,117816,117817],{"className":57,"code":54789,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,117818,117819],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,117820,117821,117823,117825,117827,117829,117831,117833],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,117822,394],{"class":78},[64,117824,83],{"class":82},[64,117826,86],{"class":78},[64,117828,89],{"class":82},[64,117830,86],{"class":78},[64,117832,94],{"class":82},[64,117834,97],{"class":78},[428,117836,117837],{"id":60815},"String",[55,117839,117841],{"className":57,"code":117840,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,117842,117843,117855],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,117844,117845,117847,117849,117851,117853],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,117846,34315],{"class":70},[64,117848,75],{"class":74},[64,117850,3184],{"class":320},[64,117852,59],{"class":329},[64,117854,3190],{"class":320},[64,117856,117857,117859,117861,117863,117865,117867],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,117858,125],{"class":108},[64,117860,112],{"class":78},[64,117862,74156],{"class":108},[64,117864,112],{"class":78},[64,117866,34336],{"class":115},[64,117868,471],{"class":78},[20,117870,384],{},[55,117872,117873],{"className":57,"code":79036,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,117874,117875],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,117876,117877,117879,117881,117883,117885,117887,117889,117891,117893,117895,117897,117899,117901,117903,117905,117907,117909,117911,117913,117915,117917,117919,117921,117923,117925],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,117878,394],{"class":78},[64,117880,333],{"class":320},[64,117882,60079],{"class":329},[64,117884,333],{"class":320},[64,117886,86],{"class":78},[64,117888,326],{"class":320},[64,117890,75672],{"class":329},[64,117892,333],{"class":320},[64,117894,86],{"class":78},[64,117896,326],{"class":320},[64,117898,60114],{"class":329},[64,117900,333],{"class":320},[64,117902,86],{"class":78},[64,117904,326],{"class":320},[64,117906,20],{"class":329},[64,117908,333],{"class":320},[64,117910,86],{"class":78},[64,117912,326],{"class":320},[64,117914,62928],{"class":329},[64,117916,333],{"class":320},[64,117918,86],{"class":78},[64,117920,326],{"class":320},[64,117922,11357],{"class":329},[64,117924,333],{"class":320},[64,117926,97],{"class":78},[428,117928,28847],{"id":15221},[20,117930,63181,117931,117933],{},[15,117932,74066],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[55,117935,117937],{"className":57,"code":117936,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,117938,117939,117991],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,117940,117941,117943,117945,117947,117949,117951,117953,117955,117957,117959,117961,117963,117965,117967,117969,117971,117973,117975,117977,117979,117981,117983,117985,117987,117989],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,117942,12819],{"class":70},[64,117944,75],{"class":74},[64,117946,10098],{"class":78},[64,117948,2686],{"class":320},[64,117950,7267],{"class":329},[64,117952,2686],{"class":320},[64,117954,160],{"class":78},[64,117956,3184],{"class":320},[64,117958,12494],{"class":329},[64,117960,2686],{"class":320},[64,117962,86],{"class":78},[64,117964,3184],{"class":320},[64,117966,8905],{"class":329},[64,117968,2686],{"class":320},[64,117970,160],{"class":78},[64,117972,7390],{"class":82},[64,117974,86],{"class":78},[64,117976,3184],{"class":320},[64,117978,10016],{"class":329},[64,117980,2686],{"class":320},[64,117982,160],{"class":78},[64,117984,3184],{"class":320},[64,117986,15648],{"class":329},[64,117988,2686],{"class":320},[64,117990,8915],{"class":78},[64,117992,117993,117995,117997,117999,118001,118003],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,117994,125],{"class":108},[64,117996,112],{"class":78},[64,117998,74156],{"class":108},[64,118000,112],{"class":78},[64,118002,16925],{"class":115},[64,118004,471],{"class":78},[20,118006,384],{},[55,118008,118010],{"className":57,"code":118009,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118011,118012],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,118013,118014,118016,118018,118020,118022,118024,118026,118028,118030,118032,118034,118036,118038],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,118015,394],{"class":78},[64,118017,333],{"class":320},[64,118019,8905],{"class":329},[64,118021,333],{"class":320},[64,118023,86],{"class":78},[64,118025,326],{"class":320},[64,118027,10016],{"class":329},[64,118029,333],{"class":320},[64,118031,86],{"class":78},[64,118033,326],{"class":320},[64,118035,7267],{"class":329},[64,118037,333],{"class":320},[64,118039,97],{"class":78},[50,118041,8020,118043],{"id":118042},"using-reversetrue",[15,118044,77733],{},[20,118046,1923,118047,118049],{},[15,118048,77733],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[55,118051,118053],{"className":57,"code":118052,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118054,118055,118075,118079,118093],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,118056,118057,118059,118061,118063,118065,118067,118069,118071,118073],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,118058,71],{"class":70},[64,118060,75],{"class":74},[64,118062,79],{"class":78},[64,118064,1892],{"class":82},[64,118066,86],{"class":78},[64,118068,5091],{"class":82},[64,118070,86],{"class":78},[64,118072,89],{"class":82},[64,118074,97],{"class":78},[64,118076,118077],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,118078,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,118080,118081,118083,118085,118087,118089,118091],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,118082,125],{"class":108},[64,118084,112],{"class":78},[64,118086,74156],{"class":108},[64,118088,112],{"class":78},[64,118090,116],{"class":115},[64,118092,471],{"class":78},[64,118094,118095,118097,118099,118101,118103,118105,118107,118109,118111,118113],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,118096,125],{"class":108},[64,118098,112],{"class":78},[64,118100,74156],{"class":108},[64,118102,112],{"class":78},[64,118104,116],{"class":115},[64,118106,86],{"class":78},[64,118108,77712],{"class":8781},[64,118110,75],{"class":74},[64,118112,47],{"class":338},[64,118114,471],{"class":78},[20,118116,384],{},[55,118118,118120],{"className":57,"code":118119,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118121,118122,118138],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,118123,118124,118126,118128,118130,118132,118134,118136],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,118125,394],{"class":78},[64,118127,83],{"class":82},[64,118129,86],{"class":78},[64,118131,89],{"class":82},[64,118133,86],{"class":78},[64,118135,94],{"class":82},[64,118137,97],{"class":78},[64,118139,118140,118142,118144,118146,118148,118150,118152],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,118141,394],{"class":78},[64,118143,1892],{"class":82},[64,118145,86],{"class":78},[64,118147,89],{"class":82},[64,118149,86],{"class":78},[64,118151,5091],{"class":82},[64,118153,97],{"class":78},[20,118155,118156],{},"This also works with strings:",[55,118158,118160],{"className":57,"code":118159,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118161,118162,118194,118198,118212],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,118163,118164,118166,118168,118170,118172,118174,118176,118178,118180,118182,118184,118186,118188,118190,118192],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,118165,567],{"class":70},[64,118167,75],{"class":74},[64,118169,79],{"class":78},[64,118171,2686],{"class":320},[64,118173,576],{"class":329},[64,118175,2686],{"class":320},[64,118177,86],{"class":78},[64,118179,3184],{"class":320},[64,118181,585],{"class":329},[64,118183,2686],{"class":320},[64,118185,86],{"class":78},[64,118187,3184],{"class":320},[64,118189,594],{"class":329},[64,118191,2686],{"class":320},[64,118193,97],{"class":78},[64,118195,118196],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,118197,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,118199,118200,118202,118204,118206,118208,118210],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,118201,125],{"class":108},[64,118203,112],{"class":78},[64,118205,74156],{"class":108},[64,118207,112],{"class":78},[64,118209,611],{"class":115},[64,118211,471],{"class":78},[64,118213,118214,118216,118218,118220,118222,118224,118226,118228,118230,118232],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,118215,125],{"class":108},[64,118217,112],{"class":78},[64,118219,74156],{"class":108},[64,118221,112],{"class":78},[64,118223,611],{"class":115},[64,118225,86],{"class":78},[64,118227,77712],{"class":8781},[64,118229,75],{"class":74},[64,118231,47],{"class":338},[64,118233,471],{"class":78},[20,118235,384],{},[55,118237,118238],{"className":57,"code":73800,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,118239,118240,118268],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,118241,118242,118244,118246,118248,118250,118252,118254,118256,118258,118260,118262,118264,118266],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,118243,394],{"class":78},[64,118245,333],{"class":320},[64,118247,576],{"class":329},[64,118249,333],{"class":320},[64,118251,86],{"class":78},[64,118253,326],{"class":320},[64,118255,585],{"class":329},[64,118257,333],{"class":320},[64,118259,86],{"class":78},[64,118261,326],{"class":320},[64,118263,594],{"class":329},[64,118265,333],{"class":320},[64,118267,97],{"class":78},[64,118269,118270,118272,118274,118276,118278,118280,118282,118284,118286,118288,118290,118292,118294],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,118271,394],{"class":78},[64,118273,333],{"class":320},[64,118275,594],{"class":329},[64,118277,333],{"class":320},[64,118279,86],{"class":78},[64,118281,326],{"class":320},[64,118283,585],{"class":329},[64,118285,333],{"class":320},[64,118287,86],{"class":78},[64,118289,326],{"class":320},[64,118291,576],{"class":329},[64,118293,333],{"class":320},[64,118295,97],{"class":78},[50,118297,8020,118299,118302],{"id":118298},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118300,118301],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118304,1808,118305,118307],{},[15,118306,118301],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118309,118310],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118312,118313],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[55,118315,118317],{"className":57,"code":118316,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118318,118319,118359,118363,118385],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,118320,118321,118323,118325,118327,118329,118331,118333,118335,118337,118339,118341,118343,118345,118347,118349,118351,118353,118355,118357],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,118322,567],{"class":70},[64,118324,75],{"class":74},[64,118326,79],{"class":78},[64,118328,2686],{"class":320},[64,118330,78386],{"class":329},[64,118332,2686],{"class":320},[64,118334,86],{"class":78},[64,118336,3184],{"class":320},[64,118338,37990],{"class":329},[64,118340,2686],{"class":320},[64,118342,86],{"class":78},[64,118344,3184],{"class":320},[64,118346,585],{"class":329},[64,118348,2686],{"class":320},[64,118350,86],{"class":78},[64,118352,3184],{"class":320},[64,118354,37973],{"class":329},[64,118356,2686],{"class":320},[64,118358,97],{"class":78},[64,118360,118361],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,118362,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,118364,118365,118367,118369,118371,118373,118375,118377,118379,118381,118383],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,118366,103],{"class":70},[64,118368,75],{"class":74},[64,118370,74200],{"class":108},[64,118372,112],{"class":78},[64,118374,611],{"class":115},[64,118376,86],{"class":78},[64,118378,21200],{"class":8781},[64,118380,75],{"class":74},[64,118382,10771],{"class":108},[64,118384,119],{"class":78},[64,118386,118387,118389,118391,118393],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,118388,125],{"class":108},[64,118390,112],{"class":78},[64,118392,130],{"class":115},[64,118394,119],{"class":78},[20,118396,384],{},[55,118398,118400],{"className":57,"code":118399,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118401,118402],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,118403,118404,118406,118408,118410,118412,118414,118416,118418,118420,118422,118424,118426,118428,118430,118432,118434,118436],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,118405,394],{"class":78},[64,118407,333],{"class":320},[64,118409,37990],{"class":329},[64,118411,333],{"class":320},[64,118413,86],{"class":78},[64,118415,326],{"class":320},[64,118417,78386],{"class":329},[64,118419,333],{"class":320},[64,118421,86],{"class":78},[64,118423,326],{"class":320},[64,118425,37973],{"class":329},[64,118427,333],{"class":320},[64,118429,86],{"class":78},[64,118431,326],{"class":320},[64,118433,585],{"class":329},[64,118435,333],{"class":320},[64,118437,97],{"class":78},[20,118439,20391,118440,118442],{},[15,118441,10771],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118444,118445],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[55,118447,118449],{"className":57,"code":118448,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118450,118451,118484,118488,118514],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,118452,118453,118455,118457,118459,118461,118463,118465,118467,118469,118471,118473,118475,118477,118480,118482],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,118454,567],{"class":70},[64,118456,75],{"class":74},[64,118458,79],{"class":78},[64,118460,2686],{"class":320},[64,118462,83005],{"class":329},[64,118464,2686],{"class":320},[64,118466,86],{"class":78},[64,118468,3184],{"class":320},[64,118470,576],{"class":329},[64,118472,2686],{"class":320},[64,118474,86],{"class":78},[64,118476,3184],{"class":320},[64,118478,118479],{"class":329},"Cherry",[64,118481,2686],{"class":320},[64,118483,97],{"class":78},[64,118485,118486],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,118487,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,118489,118490,118492,118494,118496,118498,118500,118502,118504,118506,118508,118510,118512],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,118491,103],{"class":70},[64,118493,75],{"class":74},[64,118495,74200],{"class":108},[64,118497,112],{"class":78},[64,118499,611],{"class":115},[64,118501,86],{"class":78},[64,118503,21200],{"class":8781},[64,118505,75],{"class":74},[64,118507,3276],{"class":357},[64,118509,148],{"class":78},[64,118511,8244],{"class":24372},[64,118513,119],{"class":78},[64,118515,118516,118518,118520,118522],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,118517,125],{"class":108},[64,118519,112],{"class":78},[64,118521,130],{"class":115},[64,118523,119],{"class":78},[20,118525,384],{},[55,118527,118529],{"className":57,"code":118528,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118530,118531],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,118532,118533,118535,118537,118539,118541,118543,118545,118547,118549,118551,118553,118555,118557],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,118534,394],{"class":78},[64,118536,333],{"class":320},[64,118538,576],{"class":329},[64,118540,333],{"class":320},[64,118542,86],{"class":78},[64,118544,326],{"class":320},[64,118546,83005],{"class":329},[64,118548,333],{"class":320},[64,118550,86],{"class":78},[64,118552,326],{"class":320},[64,118554,118479],{"class":329},[64,118556,333],{"class":320},[64,118558,97],{"class":78},[20,118560,118561,118562,34958,118564,148],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118563,41995],{},[285,118565,13,118566,1713],{"href":41992},[15,118567,41995],{},[50,118569,118571,10193,118573],{"id":118570},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118572,74066],{},[15,118574,77509],{},[20,118576,118577],{},"The main difference is this:",[30,118579,118580,118585],{},[33,118581,118582,118584],{},[15,118583,74066],{}," returns a new list",[33,118586,118587,73604],{},[15,118588,77509],{},[20,118590,118591],{},"Also:",[30,118593,118594,118599],{},[33,118595,118596,118598],{},[15,118597,74066],{}," works with many iterables",[33,118600,118601,78942],{},[15,118602,77509],{},[20,118604,1923,118605,10209],{},[15,118606,74066],{},[30,118608,118609,118612],{},[33,118610,118611],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[33,118613,118614],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118616,118617,118618,148],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[285,118619,13,118620,10193,118622,5377],{"href":78767},[15,118621,74066],{},[15,118623,77509],{},[50,118625,118627],{"id":118626},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118629,118630,118631,148],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118632,74066],{},[428,118634,118636],{"id":118635},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118638,118639,118640,160],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118641,2835],{},[55,118643,118645],{"className":57,"code":118644,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118646,118647,118671],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,118648,118649,118651,118653,118655,118657,118659,118661,118663,118665,118667,118669],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,118650,304],{"class":70},[64,118652,75],{"class":74},[64,118654,79],{"class":78},[64,118656,83],{"class":82},[64,118658,86],{"class":78},[64,118660,3184],{"class":320},[64,118662,815],{"class":329},[64,118664,2686],{"class":320},[64,118666,86],{"class":78},[64,118668,94],{"class":82},[64,118670,97],{"class":78},[64,118672,118673,118675,118677,118679,118681,118683],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,118674,125],{"class":108},[64,118676,112],{"class":78},[64,118678,74156],{"class":108},[64,118680,112],{"class":78},[64,118682,4951],{"class":115},[64,118684,471],{"class":78},[20,118686,118687],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[428,118689,118691,118692,2132],{"id":118690},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118693,14457],{},[20,118695,118696],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118698,916],{},[55,118700,118702],{"className":57,"code":118701,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118703,118704,118724],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,118705,118706,118708,118710,118712,118714,118716,118718,118720,118722],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,118707,71],{"class":70},[64,118709,75],{"class":74},[64,118711,79],{"class":78},[64,118713,2160],{"class":82},[64,118715,86],{"class":78},[64,118717,89],{"class":82},[64,118719,86],{"class":78},[64,118721,7395],{"class":82},[64,118723,97],{"class":78},[64,118725,118726,118728,118730,118732,118734,118736,118738,118740,118742,118744],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,118727,125],{"class":108},[64,118729,112],{"class":78},[64,118731,74156],{"class":108},[64,118733,112],{"class":78},[64,118735,116],{"class":115},[64,118737,86],{"class":78},[64,118739,21200],{"class":8781},[64,118741,75],{"class":74},[64,118743,10771],{"class":108},[64,118745,471],{"class":78},[20,118747,48147,118748,118750],{},[15,118749,41995],{}," does not work on integers.",[428,118752,118754],{"id":118753},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118756,118757],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[55,118759,118761],{"className":57,"code":118760,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118762,118763,118783,118793,118797],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,118764,118765,118767,118769,118771,118773,118775,118777,118779,118781],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,118766,71],{"class":70},[64,118768,75],{"class":74},[64,118770,79],{"class":78},[64,118772,1892],{"class":82},[64,118774,86],{"class":78},[64,118776,5091],{"class":82},[64,118778,86],{"class":78},[64,118780,89],{"class":82},[64,118782,97],{"class":78},[64,118784,118785,118787,118789,118791],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,118786,74156],{"class":108},[64,118788,112],{"class":78},[64,118790,116],{"class":115},[64,118792,119],{"class":78},[64,118794,118795],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,118796,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,118798,118799,118801,118803,118805],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,118800,125],{"class":108},[64,118802,112],{"class":78},[64,118804,116],{"class":115},[64,118806,119],{"class":78},[20,118808,384],{},[55,118810,118812],{"className":57,"code":118811,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118813,118814],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,118815,118816,118818,118820,118822,118824,118826,118828],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,118817,394],{"class":78},[64,118819,1892],{"class":82},[64,118821,86],{"class":78},[64,118823,5091],{"class":82},[64,118825,86],{"class":78},[64,118827,89],{"class":82},[64,118829,97],{"class":78},[20,118831,118832],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[50,118834,2661],{"id":2660},[30,118836,118837,118841,118844,118849,118853],{},[33,118838,1085,118839,73604],{},[15,118840,74066],{},[33,118842,118843],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[33,118845,1212,118846,118848],{},[15,118847,74066],{}," always returns a list",[33,118850,8020,118851,22725],{},[15,118852,118301],{},[33,118854,29274,118855,118857,118858],{},[15,118856,63953],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,118859,74066],{},[20,118861,118862],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[55,118864,118866],{"className":57,"code":118865,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,118867,118868,118890,118916,118954],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,118869,118870,118872,118874,118876,118878,118880,118882,118884,118886,118888],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,118871,125],{"class":108},[64,118873,112],{"class":78},[64,118875,74156],{"class":108},[64,118877,354],{"class":78},[64,118879,1892],{"class":82},[64,118881,86],{"class":78},[64,118883,5091],{"class":82},[64,118885,86],{"class":78},[64,118887,89],{"class":82},[64,118889,1081],{"class":78},[64,118891,118892,118894,118896,118898,118900,118902,118904,118906,118908,118910,118912,118914],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,118893,125],{"class":108},[64,118895,112],{"class":78},[64,118897,3052],{"class":357},[64,118899,112],{"class":78},[64,118901,74156],{"class":108},[64,118903,5104],{"class":78},[64,118905,1892],{"class":82},[64,118907,86],{"class":78},[64,118909,5091],{"class":82},[64,118911,86],{"class":78},[64,118913,89],{"class":82},[64,118915,93009],{"class":78},[64,118917,118918,118920,118922,118924,118926,118928,118930,118932,118934,118936,118938,118940,118942,118944,118946,118948,118950,118952],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,118919,125],{"class":108},[64,118921,112],{"class":78},[64,118923,74156],{"class":108},[64,118925,354],{"class":78},[64,118927,333],{"class":320},[64,118929,83005],{"class":329},[64,118931,333],{"class":320},[64,118933,86],{"class":78},[64,118935,326],{"class":320},[64,118937,576],{"class":329},[64,118939,333],{"class":320},[64,118941,17681],{"class":78},[64,118943,21200],{"class":8781},[64,118945,75],{"class":74},[64,118947,3276],{"class":357},[64,118949,148],{"class":78},[64,118951,8244],{"class":24372},[64,118953,471],{"class":78},[64,118955,118956,118958,118960,118962,118964,118966,118968,118970,118972,118974,118976,118978,118980,118982],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,118957,125],{"class":108},[64,118959,112],{"class":78},[64,118961,74156],{"class":108},[64,118963,354],{"class":78},[64,118965,1892],{"class":82},[64,118967,86],{"class":78},[64,118969,5091],{"class":82},[64,118971,86],{"class":78},[64,118973,89],{"class":82},[64,118975,17681],{"class":78},[64,118977,77712],{"class":8781},[64,118979,75],{"class":74},[64,118981,47],{"class":338},[64,118983,471],{"class":78},[20,118985,118986,118987,148],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[285,118988,52410],{"href":50617},[50,118990,1651],{"id":1650},[428,118992,12317,118994,56803],{"id":118993},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,118995,74066],{},[20,118997,118998],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[428,119000,1655,119002,12329],{"id":119001},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119003,74066],{},[20,119005,119006],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[428,119008,119010,119011,10701,119013,1677],{"id":119009},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119012,74066],{},[15,119014,77509],{},[20,119016,1923,119017,119019],{},[15,119018,74066],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[428,119021,1655,119023,86093,119025,1677],{"id":119022},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119024,118301],{},[15,119026,74066],{},[20,119028,119029],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[428,119031,1671,119033,119035,119036,1677],{"id":119032},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119034,74066],{}," give a ",[15,119037,2835],{},[20,119039,119040],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[50,119042,1717],{"id":1716},[30,119044,119045,119049,119057,119061,119067,119073],{},[33,119046,119047],{},[285,119048,79515],{"href":78018},[33,119050,119051],{},[285,119052,13,119053,10193,119055,5377],{"href":78767},[15,119054,74066],{},[15,119056,77509],{},[33,119058,119059],{},[285,119060,52410],{"href":50617},[33,119062,119063],{},[285,119064,13,119065,1713],{"href":41992},[15,119066,41995],{},[33,119068,119069],{},[285,119070,13,119071,1713],{"href":91665},[15,119072,35378],{},[33,119074,119075],{},[285,119076,13,119077,1713],{"href":35825},[15,119078,35828],{},[1751,119080,119081],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":119083},[119084,119085,119087,119090,119091,119098,119100,119102,119104,119110,119111,119123],{"id":52,"depth":100,"text":53},{"id":117364,"depth":100,"text":119086},"What sorted() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988,"children":119088},[119089],{"id":17012,"depth":122,"text":17013},{"id":11085,"depth":100,"text":11086},{"id":117603,"depth":100,"text":117604,"children":119092},[119093,119094,119095,119096,119097],{"id":7695,"depth":122,"text":117612},{"id":48590,"depth":122,"text":117676},{"id":5882,"depth":122,"text":117773},{"id":60815,"depth":122,"text":117837},{"id":15221,"depth":122,"text":28847},{"id":118042,"depth":100,"text":119099},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118298,"depth":100,"text":119101},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118570,"depth":100,"text":119103},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118626,"depth":100,"text":118627,"children":119105},[119106,119107,119109],{"id":118635,"depth":122,"text":118636},{"id":118690,"depth":122,"text":119108},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118753,"depth":122,"text":118754},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":119112},[119113,119115,119117,119119,119121],{"id":118993,"depth":122,"text":119114},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119001,"depth":122,"text":119116},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119009,"depth":122,"text":119118},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119022,"depth":122,"text":119120},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119032,"depth":122,"text":119122},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117266,"description":119124},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119131,"title":119132,"body":119133,"description":121244,"extension":1791,"meta":121245,"navigation":346,"path":78767,"seo":121246,"stem":121247,"__hash__":121248},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119134,"toc":121191},[119135,119142,119145,119155,119161,119164,119182,119190,119192,119251,119259,119263,119285,119289,119293,119295,119312,119314,119326,119332,119416,119420,119467,119473,119480,119484,119489,119491,119503,119508,119561,119565,119585,119592,119599,119603,119606,119625,119629,119743,119747,119817,119819,119831,119836,119840,119853,119857,119932,119936,119975,119982,119988,119993,119997,120011,120015,120080,120084,120117,120120,120125,120133,120140,120153,120156,120160,120243,120247,120284,120288,120391,120395,120456,120461,120468,120472,120475,120481,120484,120551,120555,120579,120581,120599,120606,120659,120663,120683,120689,120691,120748,120755,120781,120786,120791,120799,120805,120865,120869,120916,120919,120921,120924,120950,120953,121046,121048,121068,121072,121075,121093,121099,121101,121109,121114,121121,121124,121130,121133,121139,121147,121155,121160,121162,121188],[10,119136,13,119138,10193,119140,92723],{"id":119137},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119139,74066],{},[15,119141,77509],{},[20,119143,119144],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[30,119146,119147,119151],{},[33,119148,119149],{},[15,119150,74066],{},[33,119152,119153],{},[15,119154,77509],{},[20,119156,119157,119158,119160],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[221,119159,1138],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119162,119163],{},"The main difference is simple:",[30,119165,119166,119174],{},[33,119167,1923,119168,119170,119171],{},[15,119169,74066],{}," when you want a ",[221,119172,119173],{},"new sorted result",[33,119175,1923,119176,119178,119179],{},[15,119177,77509],{}," when you want to ",[221,119180,119181],{},"change the original list",[20,119183,119184,119185,44,119187,119189],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119186,77509],{},[15,119188,258],{}," and causes confusion.",[50,119191,53],{"id":52},[55,119193,119195],{"className":57,"code":119194,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119196,119197,119217,119221,119238],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,119198,119199,119201,119203,119205,119207,119209,119211,119213,119215],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,119200,71],{"class":70},[64,119202,75],{"class":74},[64,119204,79],{"class":78},[64,119206,1892],{"class":82},[64,119208,86],{"class":78},[64,119210,5091],{"class":82},[64,119212,86],{"class":78},[64,119214,89],{"class":82},[64,119216,97],{"class":78},[64,119218,119219],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,119220,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,119222,119223,119225,119227,119229,119231,119233,119235],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,119224,55529],{"class":70},[64,119226,75],{"class":74},[64,119228,74200],{"class":108},[64,119230,112],{"class":78},[64,119232,116],{"class":115},[64,119234,133],{"class":78},[64,119236,119237],{"class":136},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[64,119239,119240,119242,119244,119246,119248],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,119241,116],{"class":70},[64,119243,148],{"class":78},[64,119245,34427],{"class":115},[64,119247,6964],{"class":78},[64,119249,119250],{"class":136},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119252,1923,119253,119255,119256,119258],{},[15,119254,74066],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119257,77509],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[50,119260,119262],{"id":119261},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[30,119264,119265,119270,119275,119282],{},[33,119266,1923,119267,119269],{},[15,119268,74066],{}," to get a new sorted list",[33,119271,1923,119272,119274],{},[15,119273,77509],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[33,119276,119277,119278,44,119280],{},"Understand why ",[15,119279,77509],{},[15,119281,258],{},[33,119283,119284],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[50,119286,152,119287,155],{"id":117364},[15,119288,74066],{},[20,119290,119291,62567],{},[15,119292,74066],{},[20,119294,48564],{},[30,119296,119297,119303,119309],{},[33,119298,119299,119300],{},"returns a ",[221,119301,119302],{},"new list",[33,119304,119305,119306,119308],{},"does ",[221,119307,1138],{}," change the original data",[33,119310,119311],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119313,50771],{},[30,119315,119316,119318,119320,119322,119324],{},[33,119317,4892],{},[33,119319,4895],{},[33,119321,4901],{},[33,119323,4898],{},[33,119325,35539],{},[428,119327,34706,119329,119331],{"id":119328},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119330,74066],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[55,119333,119335],{"className":57,"code":119334,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119336,119337,119357,119361,119375,119379,119397],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,119338,119339,119341,119343,119345,119347,119349,119351,119353,119355],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,119340,71],{"class":70},[64,119342,75],{"class":74},[64,119344,79],{"class":78},[64,119346,1892],{"class":82},[64,119348,86],{"class":78},[64,119350,5091],{"class":82},[64,119352,86],{"class":78},[64,119354,89],{"class":82},[64,119356,97],{"class":78},[64,119358,119359],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,119360,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,119362,119363,119365,119367,119369,119371,119373],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,119364,103],{"class":70},[64,119366,75],{"class":74},[64,119368,74200],{"class":108},[64,119370,112],{"class":78},[64,119372,116],{"class":115},[64,119374,119],{"class":78},[64,119376,119377],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,119378,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,119380,119381,119383,119385,119387,119389,119391,119393,119395],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,119382,125],{"class":108},[64,119384,112],{"class":78},[64,119386,2686],{"class":320},[64,119388,11766],{"class":329},[64,119390,2686],{"class":320},[64,119392,86],{"class":78},[64,119394,762],{"class":115},[64,119396,119],{"class":78},[64,119398,119399,119401,119403,119405,119408,119410,119412,119414],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,119400,125],{"class":108},[64,119402,112],{"class":78},[64,119404,2686],{"class":320},[64,119406,119407],{"class":329},"sorted result:",[64,119409,2686],{"class":320},[64,119411,86],{"class":78},[64,119413,80859],{"class":115},[64,119415,119],{"class":78},[20,119417,119418],{},[221,119419,384],{},[55,119421,119423],{"className":57,"code":119422,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119424,119425,119445],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,119426,119427,119429,119431,119433,119435,119437,119439,119441,119443],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,119428,11745],{"class":70},[64,119430,160],{"class":78},[64,119432,79],{"class":78},[64,119434,1892],{"class":82},[64,119436,86],{"class":78},[64,119438,5091],{"class":82},[64,119440,86],{"class":78},[64,119442,89],{"class":82},[64,119444,97],{"class":78},[64,119446,119447,119449,119451,119453,119455,119457,119459,119461,119463,119465],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,119448,74156],{"class":108},[64,119450,80859],{"class":70},[64,119452,160],{"class":78},[64,119454,79],{"class":78},[64,119456,83],{"class":82},[64,119458,86],{"class":78},[64,119460,89],{"class":82},[64,119462,86],{"class":78},[64,119464,94],{"class":82},[64,119466,97],{"class":78},[20,119468,119469,119470,119472],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119471,116],{}," stays the same.",[20,119474,119475,119476,148],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[285,119477,13,119478,1713],{"href":74163},[15,119479,74066],{},[50,119481,152,119482,155],{"id":77575},[15,119483,77509],{},[20,119485,119486,119488],{},[15,119487,63953],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119490,48564],{},[30,119492,119493,119496,119499],{},[33,119494,119495],{},"changes the original list directly",[33,119497,119498],{},"only works on lists",[33,119500,168,119501],{},[15,119502,258],{},[428,119504,34706,119506,73604],{"id":119505},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119507,77509],{},[55,119509,119511],{"className":57,"code":119510,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119512,119513,119533,119537,119547,119551],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,119514,119515,119517,119519,119521,119523,119525,119527,119529,119531],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,119516,71],{"class":70},[64,119518,75],{"class":74},[64,119520,79],{"class":78},[64,119522,1892],{"class":82},[64,119524,86],{"class":78},[64,119526,5091],{"class":82},[64,119528,86],{"class":78},[64,119530,89],{"class":82},[64,119532,97],{"class":78},[64,119534,119535],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,119536,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,119538,119539,119541,119543,119545],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,119540,116],{"class":70},[64,119542,148],{"class":78},[64,119544,34427],{"class":115},[64,119546,8247],{"class":78},[64,119548,119549],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,119550,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,119552,119553,119555,119557,119559],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,119554,125],{"class":108},[64,119556,112],{"class":78},[64,119558,116],{"class":115},[64,119560,119],{"class":78},[20,119562,119563],{},[221,119564,384],{},[55,119566,119567],{"className":57,"code":54789,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,119568,119569],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,119570,119571,119573,119575,119577,119579,119581,119583],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,119572,394],{"class":78},[64,119574,83],{"class":82},[64,119576,86],{"class":78},[64,119578,89],{"class":82},[64,119580,86],{"class":78},[64,119582,94],{"class":82},[64,119584,97],{"class":78},[20,119586,119587,119588,119591],{},"After calling ",[15,119589,119590],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119593,119594,119595,148],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[285,119596,13,119597,10349],{"href":74417},[15,119598,77509],{},[50,119600,119602],{"id":119601},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119604,119605],{},"Here is the core difference:",[30,119607,119608,119617],{},[33,119609,119610,119613,119614],{},[15,119611,119612],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[221,119615,119616],{},"new sorted list",[33,119618,119619,119622,119623,73974],{},[15,119620,119621],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119624,7941],{},[428,119626,119628],{"id":119627},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[55,119630,119632],{"className":57,"code":119631,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119633,119634,119654,119658,119672,119691,119710,119714,119724],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,119635,119636,119638,119640,119642,119644,119646,119648,119650,119652],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,119637,71],{"class":70},[64,119639,75],{"class":74},[64,119641,79],{"class":78},[64,119643,1107],{"class":82},[64,119645,86],{"class":78},[64,119647,89],{"class":82},[64,119649,86],{"class":78},[64,119651,2286],{"class":82},[64,119653,97],{"class":78},[64,119655,119656],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,119657,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,119659,119660,119662,119664,119666,119668,119670],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,119661,2384],{"class":70},[64,119663,75],{"class":74},[64,119665,74200],{"class":108},[64,119667,112],{"class":78},[64,119669,116],{"class":115},[64,119671,119],{"class":78},[64,119673,119674,119676,119678,119680,119683,119685,119687,119689],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,119675,125],{"class":108},[64,119677,112],{"class":78},[64,119679,2686],{"class":320},[64,119681,119682],{"class":329},"numbers after sorted():",[64,119684,2686],{"class":320},[64,119686,86],{"class":78},[64,119688,762],{"class":115},[64,119690,119],{"class":78},[64,119692,119693,119695,119697,119699,119702,119704,119706,119708],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,119694,125],{"class":108},[64,119696,112],{"class":78},[64,119698,2686],{"class":320},[64,119700,119701],{"class":329},"a:",[64,119703,2686],{"class":320},[64,119705,86],{"class":78},[64,119707,56527],{"class":115},[64,119709,119],{"class":78},[64,119711,119712],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,119713,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,119715,119716,119718,119720,119722],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,119717,116],{"class":70},[64,119719,148],{"class":78},[64,119721,34427],{"class":115},[64,119723,8247],{"class":78},[64,119725,119726,119728,119730,119732,119735,119737,119739,119741],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,119727,125],{"class":108},[64,119729,112],{"class":78},[64,119731,2686],{"class":320},[64,119733,119734],{"class":329},"numbers after sort():",[64,119736,2686],{"class":320},[64,119738,86],{"class":78},[64,119740,762],{"class":115},[64,119742,119],{"class":78},[20,119744,119745],{},[221,119746,384],{},[55,119748,119750],{"className":57,"code":119749,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119751,119752,119775,119795],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,119753,119754,119757,119759,119761,119763,119765,119767,119769,119771,119773],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,119755,119756],{"class":70},"numbers after ",[64,119758,74156],{"class":108},[64,119760,29208],{"class":78},[64,119762,79],{"class":78},[64,119764,1107],{"class":82},[64,119766,86],{"class":78},[64,119768,89],{"class":82},[64,119770,86],{"class":78},[64,119772,2286],{"class":82},[64,119774,97],{"class":78},[64,119776,119777,119779,119781,119783,119785,119787,119789,119791,119793],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,119778,285],{"class":70},[64,119780,160],{"class":78},[64,119782,79],{"class":78},[64,119784,815],{"class":82},[64,119786,86],{"class":78},[64,119788,2286],{"class":82},[64,119790,86],{"class":78},[64,119792,1112],{"class":82},[64,119794,97],{"class":78},[64,119796,119797,119799,119801,119803,119805,119807,119809,119811,119813,119815],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,119798,119756],{"class":70},[64,119800,34427],{"class":115},[64,119802,29208],{"class":78},[64,119804,79],{"class":78},[64,119806,815],{"class":82},[64,119808,86],{"class":78},[64,119810,2286],{"class":82},[64,119812,86],{"class":78},[64,119814,1112],{"class":82},[64,119816,97],{"class":78},[20,119818,10321],{},[30,119820,119821,119826],{},[33,119822,119823,119825],{},[15,119824,74066],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[33,119827,119828,119830],{},[15,119829,63953],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[50,119832,1471,119834],{"id":119833},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,119835,74066],{},[20,119837,1923,119838,10209],{},[15,119839,74066],{},[30,119841,119842,119845,119847,119850],{},[33,119843,119844],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[33,119846,118614],{},[33,119848,119849],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[33,119851,119852],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[428,119854,119856],{"id":119855},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[55,119858,119860],{"className":57,"code":119859,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,119861,119862,119886,119890,119904,119908,119918],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,119863,119864,119866,119868,119870,119872,119874,119876,119878,119880,119882,119884],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,119865,71],{"class":70},[64,119867,75],{"class":74},[64,119869,8842],{"class":78},[64,119871,2334],{"class":82},[64,119873,86],{"class":78},[64,119875,5091],{"class":82},[64,119877,86],{"class":78},[64,119879,94],{"class":82},[64,119881,86],{"class":78},[64,119883,89],{"class":82},[64,119885,119],{"class":78},[64,119887,119888],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,119889,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,119891,119892,119894,119896,119898,119900,119902],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,119893,103],{"class":70},[64,119895,75],{"class":74},[64,119897,74200],{"class":108},[64,119899,112],{"class":78},[64,119901,116],{"class":115},[64,119903,119],{"class":78},[64,119905,119906],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,119907,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,119909,119910,119912,119914,119916],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,119911,125],{"class":108},[64,119913,112],{"class":78},[64,119915,130],{"class":115},[64,119917,119],{"class":78},[64,119919,119920,119922,119924,119926,119928,119930],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,119921,125],{"class":108},[64,119923,112],{"class":78},[64,119925,3052],{"class":357},[64,119927,112],{"class":78},[64,119929,130],{"class":115},[64,119931,471],{"class":78},[20,119933,119934],{},[221,119935,384],{},[55,119937,119939],{"className":57,"code":119938,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,119940,119941,119961],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,119942,119943,119945,119947,119949,119951,119953,119955,119957,119959],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,119944,394],{"class":78},[64,119946,83],{"class":82},[64,119948,86],{"class":78},[64,119950,89],{"class":82},[64,119952,86],{"class":78},[64,119954,94],{"class":82},[64,119956,86],{"class":78},[64,119958,2286],{"class":82},[64,119960,97],{"class":78},[64,119962,119963,119965,119967,119969,119971,119973],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,119964,3121],{"class":74},[64,119966,3124],{"class":1895},[64,119968,326],{"class":320},[64,119970,7695],{"class":329},[64,119972,333],{"class":320},[64,119974,3133],{"class":74},[20,119976,2115,119977,119979,119980,148],{},[15,119978,74066],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[221,119981,7695],{},[20,119983,119984,119985,119987],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[285,119986,52410],{"href":50617}," is a helpful next step.",[50,119989,1471,119991],{"id":119990},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,119992,77509],{},[20,119994,1923,119995,10209],{},[15,119996,77509],{},[30,119998,119999,120002,120005,120008],{},[33,120000,120001],{},"you already have a list",[33,120003,120004],{},"you want to update that list directly",[33,120006,120007],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[33,120009,120010],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[428,120012,120014],{"id":120013},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[55,120016,120018],{"className":57,"code":120017,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120019,120020,120052,120056,120066,120070],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,120021,120022,120024,120026,120028,120030,120032,120034,120036,120038,120040,120042,120044,120046,120048,120050],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,120023,1505],{"class":70},[64,120025,75],{"class":74},[64,120027,79],{"class":78},[64,120029,2686],{"class":320},[64,120031,1532],{"class":329},[64,120033,2686],{"class":320},[64,120035,86],{"class":78},[64,120037,3184],{"class":320},[64,120039,1514],{"class":329},[64,120041,2686],{"class":320},[64,120043,86],{"class":78},[64,120045,3184],{"class":320},[64,120047,1523],{"class":329},[64,120049,2686],{"class":320},[64,120051,97],{"class":78},[64,120053,120054],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,120055,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,120057,120058,120060,120062,120064],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,120059,1549],{"class":70},[64,120061,148],{"class":78},[64,120063,34427],{"class":115},[64,120065,8247],{"class":78},[64,120067,120068],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,120069,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,120071,120072,120074,120076,120078],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,120073,125],{"class":108},[64,120075,112],{"class":78},[64,120077,1549],{"class":115},[64,120079,119],{"class":78},[20,120081,120082],{},[221,120083,384],{},[55,120085,120087],{"className":57,"code":120086,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120088,120089],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,120090,120091,120093,120095,120097,120099,120101,120103,120105,120107,120109,120111,120113,120115],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,120092,394],{"class":78},[64,120094,333],{"class":320},[64,120096,1514],{"class":329},[64,120098,333],{"class":320},[64,120100,86],{"class":78},[64,120102,326],{"class":320},[64,120104,1523],{"class":329},[64,120106,333],{"class":320},[64,120108,86],{"class":78},[64,120110,326],{"class":320},[64,120112,1532],{"class":329},[64,120114,333],{"class":320},[64,120116,97],{"class":78},[20,120118,120119],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120121,120122,120123,148],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[285,120124,79515],{"href":78018},[50,120126,120128,896,120130,120132],{"id":120127},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120129,73219],{},[15,120131,14457],{}," work with both",[20,120134,10198,120135,896,120137,120139],{},[15,120136,74066],{},[15,120138,77509],{}," support:",[30,120141,120142,120147],{},[33,120143,120144,120146],{},[15,120145,77733],{}," for descending order",[33,120148,120149,120152],{},[15,120150,120151],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120154,120155],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[428,120157,120159],{"id":120158},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[55,120161,120163],{"className":57,"code":120162,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120164,120165,120185,120189,120211,120215,120233],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,120166,120167,120169,120171,120173,120175,120177,120179,120181,120183],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,120168,71],{"class":70},[64,120170,75],{"class":74},[64,120172,79],{"class":78},[64,120174,1892],{"class":82},[64,120176,86],{"class":78},[64,120178,5091],{"class":82},[64,120180,86],{"class":78},[64,120182,89],{"class":82},[64,120184,97],{"class":78},[64,120186,120187],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,120188,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,120190,120191,120193,120195,120197,120199,120201,120203,120205,120207,120209],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,120192,125],{"class":108},[64,120194,112],{"class":78},[64,120196,74156],{"class":108},[64,120198,112],{"class":78},[64,120200,116],{"class":115},[64,120202,86],{"class":78},[64,120204,77712],{"class":8781},[64,120206,75],{"class":74},[64,120208,47],{"class":338},[64,120210,471],{"class":78},[64,120212,120213],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,120214,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,120216,120217,120219,120221,120223,120225,120227,120229,120231],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,120218,116],{"class":70},[64,120220,148],{"class":78},[64,120222,34427],{"class":115},[64,120224,112],{"class":78},[64,120226,73219],{"class":8781},[64,120228,75],{"class":74},[64,120230,47],{"class":338},[64,120232,119],{"class":78},[64,120234,120235,120237,120239,120241],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,120236,125],{"class":108},[64,120238,112],{"class":78},[64,120240,116],{"class":115},[64,120242,119],{"class":78},[20,120244,120245],{},[221,120246,384],{},[55,120248,120250],{"className":57,"code":120249,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120251,120252,120268],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,120253,120254,120256,120258,120260,120262,120264,120266],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,120255,394],{"class":78},[64,120257,1892],{"class":82},[64,120259,86],{"class":78},[64,120261,89],{"class":82},[64,120263,86],{"class":78},[64,120265,5091],{"class":82},[64,120267,97],{"class":78},[64,120269,120270,120272,120274,120276,120278,120280,120282],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,120271,394],{"class":78},[64,120273,1892],{"class":82},[64,120275,86],{"class":78},[64,120277,89],{"class":82},[64,120279,86],{"class":78},[64,120281,5091],{"class":82},[64,120283,97],{"class":78},[428,120285,120287],{"id":120286},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[55,120289,120291],{"className":57,"code":120290,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120292,120293,120325,120329,120355,120359,120381],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,120294,120295,120297,120299,120301,120303,120305,120307,120309,120311,120313,120315,120317,120319,120321,120323],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,120296,567],{"class":70},[64,120298,75],{"class":74},[64,120300,79],{"class":78},[64,120302,2686],{"class":320},[64,120304,83005],{"class":329},[64,120306,2686],{"class":320},[64,120308,86],{"class":78},[64,120310,3184],{"class":320},[64,120312,576],{"class":329},[64,120314,2686],{"class":320},[64,120316,86],{"class":78},[64,120318,3184],{"class":320},[64,120320,118479],{"class":329},[64,120322,2686],{"class":320},[64,120324,97],{"class":78},[64,120326,120327],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,120328,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,120330,120331,120333,120335,120337,120339,120341,120343,120345,120347,120349,120351,120353],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,120332,125],{"class":108},[64,120334,112],{"class":78},[64,120336,74156],{"class":108},[64,120338,112],{"class":78},[64,120340,611],{"class":115},[64,120342,86],{"class":78},[64,120344,21200],{"class":8781},[64,120346,75],{"class":74},[64,120348,3276],{"class":357},[64,120350,148],{"class":78},[64,120352,8244],{"class":24372},[64,120354,471],{"class":78},[64,120356,120357],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,120358,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,120360,120361,120363,120365,120367,120369,120371,120373,120375,120377,120379],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,120362,611],{"class":70},[64,120364,148],{"class":78},[64,120366,34427],{"class":115},[64,120368,112],{"class":78},[64,120370,14457],{"class":8781},[64,120372,75],{"class":74},[64,120374,3276],{"class":357},[64,120376,148],{"class":78},[64,120378,8244],{"class":24372},[64,120380,119],{"class":78},[64,120382,120383,120385,120387,120389],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,120384,125],{"class":108},[64,120386,112],{"class":78},[64,120388,611],{"class":115},[64,120390,119],{"class":78},[20,120392,120393],{},[221,120394,384],{},[55,120396,120398],{"className":57,"code":120397,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120399,120400,120428],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,120401,120402,120404,120406,120408,120410,120412,120414,120416,120418,120420,120422,120424,120426],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,120403,394],{"class":78},[64,120405,333],{"class":320},[64,120407,576],{"class":329},[64,120409,333],{"class":320},[64,120411,86],{"class":78},[64,120413,326],{"class":320},[64,120415,83005],{"class":329},[64,120417,333],{"class":320},[64,120419,86],{"class":78},[64,120421,326],{"class":320},[64,120423,118479],{"class":329},[64,120425,333],{"class":320},[64,120427,97],{"class":78},[64,120429,120430,120432,120434,120436,120438,120440,120442,120444,120446,120448,120450,120452,120454],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,120431,394],{"class":78},[64,120433,333],{"class":320},[64,120435,576],{"class":329},[64,120437,333],{"class":320},[64,120439,86],{"class":78},[64,120441,326],{"class":320},[64,120443,83005],{"class":329},[64,120445,333],{"class":320},[64,120447,86],{"class":78},[64,120449,326],{"class":320},[64,120451,118479],{"class":329},[64,120453,333],{"class":320},[64,120455,97],{"class":78},[20,120457,8020,120458,120460],{},[15,120459,78227],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120462,120463,120464,148],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[285,120465,120467],{"href":120466},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[50,120469,120471],{"id":120470},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120473,120474],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[428,120476,120478,120479,12210],{"id":120477},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120480,77509],{},[20,120482,120483],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[55,120485,120487],{"className":57,"code":120486,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120488,120489,120509,120513,120527,120531,120541],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,120490,120491,120493,120495,120497,120499,120501,120503,120505,120507],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,120492,71],{"class":70},[64,120494,75],{"class":74},[64,120496,79],{"class":78},[64,120498,1892],{"class":82},[64,120500,86],{"class":78},[64,120502,5091],{"class":82},[64,120504,86],{"class":78},[64,120506,89],{"class":82},[64,120508,97],{"class":78},[64,120510,120511],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,120512,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,120514,120515,120517,120519,120521,120523,120525],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,120516,103],{"class":70},[64,120518,75],{"class":74},[64,120520,762],{"class":70},[64,120522,148],{"class":78},[64,120524,34427],{"class":115},[64,120526,8247],{"class":78},[64,120528,120529],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,120530,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,120532,120533,120535,120537,120539],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,120534,125],{"class":108},[64,120536,112],{"class":78},[64,120538,130],{"class":115},[64,120540,119],{"class":78},[64,120542,120543,120545,120547,120549],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,120544,125],{"class":108},[64,120546,112],{"class":78},[64,120548,116],{"class":115},[64,120550,119],{"class":78},[20,120552,120553],{},[221,120554,384],{},[55,120556,120557],{"className":57,"code":78850,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,120558,120559,120563],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,120560,120561],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,120562,11420],{"class":338},[64,120564,120565,120567,120569,120571,120573,120575,120577],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,120566,394],{"class":78},[64,120568,83],{"class":82},[64,120570,86],{"class":78},[64,120572,89],{"class":82},[64,120574,86],{"class":78},[64,120576,94],{"class":82},[64,120578,97],{"class":78},[20,120580,11512],{},[30,120582,120583,120588,120593],{},[33,120584,120585,120587],{},[15,120586,119590],{}," sorts the list in place",[33,120589,34643,120590,120592],{},[221,120591,1138],{}," return the sorted list",[33,120594,89629,120595,41789,120597],{},[15,120596,130],{},[15,120598,258],{},[428,120600,120602,120603,120605],{"id":120601},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120604,74066],{}," to change the original list",[55,120607,120609],{"className":57,"code":120608,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120610,120611,120631,120635,120645,120649],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,120612,120613,120615,120617,120619,120621,120623,120625,120627,120629],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,120614,71],{"class":70},[64,120616,75],{"class":74},[64,120618,79],{"class":78},[64,120620,1892],{"class":82},[64,120622,86],{"class":78},[64,120624,5091],{"class":82},[64,120626,86],{"class":78},[64,120628,89],{"class":82},[64,120630,97],{"class":78},[64,120632,120633],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,120634,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,120636,120637,120639,120641,120643],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,120638,74156],{"class":108},[64,120640,112],{"class":78},[64,120642,116],{"class":115},[64,120644,119],{"class":78},[64,120646,120647],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,120648,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,120650,120651,120653,120655,120657],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,120652,125],{"class":108},[64,120654,112],{"class":78},[64,120656,116],{"class":115},[64,120658,119],{"class":78},[20,120660,120661],{},[221,120662,384],{},[55,120664,120665],{"className":57,"code":118811,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,120666,120667],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,120668,120669,120671,120673,120675,120677,120679,120681],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,120670,394],{"class":78},[64,120672,1892],{"class":82},[64,120674,86],{"class":78},[64,120676,5091],{"class":82},[64,120678,86],{"class":78},[64,120680,89],{"class":82},[64,120682,97],{"class":78},[20,120684,120685,120688],{},[15,120686,120687],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120690,10416],{},[55,120692,120694],{"className":57,"code":120693,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120695,120696,120716,120720,120734,120738],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,120697,120698,120700,120702,120704,120706,120708,120710,120712,120714],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,120699,71],{"class":70},[64,120701,75],{"class":74},[64,120703,79],{"class":78},[64,120705,1892],{"class":82},[64,120707,86],{"class":78},[64,120709,5091],{"class":82},[64,120711,86],{"class":78},[64,120713,89],{"class":82},[64,120715,97],{"class":78},[64,120717,120718],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,120719,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,120721,120722,120724,120726,120728,120730,120732],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,120723,55281],{"class":70},[64,120725,75],{"class":74},[64,120727,74200],{"class":108},[64,120729,112],{"class":78},[64,120731,116],{"class":115},[64,120733,119],{"class":78},[64,120735,120736],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,120737,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,120739,120740,120742,120744,120746],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,120741,125],{"class":108},[64,120743,112],{"class":78},[64,120745,55300],{"class":115},[64,120747,119],{"class":78},[428,120749,120751,120752,120754],{"id":120750},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120753,63953],{}," on a tuple or string",[55,120756,120757],{"className":57,"code":78952,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,120758,120759,120771],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,120760,120761,120763,120765,120767,120769],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,120762,34315],{"class":70},[64,120764,75],{"class":74},[64,120766,3184],{"class":320},[64,120768,59],{"class":329},[64,120770,3190],{"class":320},[64,120772,120773,120775,120777,120779],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,120774,34336],{"class":70},[64,120776,148],{"class":78},[64,120778,34427],{"class":115},[64,120780,8247],{"class":78},[20,120782,120783,120784,33227],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120785,63953],{},[20,120787,120788,120790],{},[15,120789,63953],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120792,120793,120794,120796,120797,148],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120795,74066],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[285,120798,1647],{"href":5180},[428,120800,120802,120803,118848],{"id":120801},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120804,74066],{},[55,120806,120808],{"className":57,"code":120807,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120809,120810,120823,120837,120841,120851],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,120811,120812,120814,120816,120818,120821],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,120813,34315],{"class":70},[64,120815,75],{"class":74},[64,120817,3184],{"class":320},[64,120819,120820],{"class":329},"cab",[64,120822,3190],{"class":320},[64,120824,120825,120827,120829,120831,120833,120835],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,120826,103],{"class":70},[64,120828,75],{"class":74},[64,120830,74200],{"class":108},[64,120832,112],{"class":78},[64,120834,34336],{"class":115},[64,120836,119],{"class":78},[64,120838,120839],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,120840,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,120842,120843,120845,120847,120849],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,120844,125],{"class":108},[64,120846,112],{"class":78},[64,120848,130],{"class":115},[64,120850,119],{"class":78},[64,120852,120853,120855,120857,120859,120861,120863],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,120854,125],{"class":108},[64,120856,112],{"class":78},[64,120858,3052],{"class":357},[64,120860,112],{"class":78},[64,120862,130],{"class":115},[64,120864,471],{"class":78},[20,120866,120867],{},[221,120868,384],{},[55,120870,120872],{"className":57,"code":120871,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120873,120874,120902],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,120875,120876,120878,120880,120882,120884,120886,120888,120890,120892,120894,120896,120898,120900],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,120877,394],{"class":78},[64,120879,333],{"class":320},[64,120881,285],{"class":329},[64,120883,333],{"class":320},[64,120885,86],{"class":78},[64,120887,326],{"class":320},[64,120889,1269],{"class":329},[64,120891,333],{"class":320},[64,120893,86],{"class":78},[64,120895,326],{"class":320},[64,120897,9346],{"class":329},[64,120899,333],{"class":320},[64,120901,97],{"class":78},[64,120903,120904,120906,120908,120910,120912,120914],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,120905,3121],{"class":74},[64,120907,3124],{"class":1895},[64,120909,326],{"class":320},[64,120911,7695],{"class":329},[64,120913,333],{"class":320},[64,120915,3133],{"class":74},[20,120917,120918],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[50,120920,113369],{"id":113368},[20,120922,120923],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[30,120925,120926,120929,120934,120939,120945],{},[33,120927,120928],{},"confusing a function with a method",[33,120930,120931,120932,53283],{},"not knowing that ",[15,120933,63953],{},[33,120935,120936,120937,12210],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,120938,77509],{},[33,120940,120941,120942,120944],{},"trying to use ",[15,120943,63953],{}," on non-list data types",[33,120946,50143,120947,120949],{},[15,120948,74066],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,120951,120952],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[55,120954,120956],{"className":57,"code":120955,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,120957,120958,120968,120982,121007,121022,121032],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,120959,120960,120962,120964,120966],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,120961,125],{"class":108},[64,120963,112],{"class":78},[64,120965,7941],{"class":115},[64,120967,119],{"class":78},[64,120969,120970,120972,120974,120976,120978,120980],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,120971,125],{"class":108},[64,120973,112],{"class":78},[64,120975,74156],{"class":108},[64,120977,112],{"class":78},[64,120979,7941],{"class":115},[64,120981,471],{"class":78},[64,120983,120984,120986,120988,120990,120992,120994,120996,120999,121001,121003,121005],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,120985,103],{"class":70},[64,120987,75],{"class":74},[64,120989,7998],{"class":70},[64,120991,148],{"class":78},[64,120993,34427],{"class":115},[64,120995,6964],{"class":78},[64,120997,120998],{"class":70},"; ",[64,121000,125],{"class":108},[64,121002,112],{"class":78},[64,121004,130],{"class":115},[64,121006,119],{"class":78},[64,121008,121009,121011,121013,121015,121017,121020],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,121010,125],{"class":108},[64,121012,112],{"class":78},[64,121014,3052],{"class":357},[64,121016,112],{"class":78},[64,121018,121019],{"class":115},"my_data",[64,121021,471],{"class":78},[64,121023,121024,121026,121028,121030],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,121025,31778],{"class":108},[64,121027,112],{"class":78},[64,121029,74156],{"class":108},[64,121031,119],{"class":78},[64,121033,121034,121036,121038,121040,121042,121044],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,121035,31778],{"class":108},[64,121037,112],{"class":78},[64,121039,7695],{"class":357},[64,121041,148],{"class":78},[64,121043,34427],{"class":24372},[64,121045,119],{"class":78},[20,121047,84015],{},[30,121049,121050,121053,121057,121065],{},[33,121051,121052],{},"whether your original list changed",[33,121054,25642,121055,11317],{},[15,121056,74066],{},[33,121058,121059,121060,121062,121063],{},"whether ",[15,121061,63953],{}," returned ",[15,121064,258],{},[33,121066,121067],{},"what type of object you are working with",[50,121069,121071],{"id":121070},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121073,121074],{},"Use this rule:",[30,121076,121077,121085],{},[33,121078,121079,121080,121082,121083],{},"Need a ",[221,121081,119173],{},": use ",[15,121084,74066],{},[33,121086,121087,121088,121082,121091],{},"Need to ",[221,121089,121090],{},"change one list directly",[15,121092,77509],{},[20,121094,121095,121096,121098],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121097,74066],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[50,121100,1651],{"id":1650},[428,121102,121104,121105,212,121107,1677],{"id":121103},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121106,74066],{},[15,121108,77509],{},[20,121110,121111,121113],{},[15,121112,74066],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[428,121115,1671,121117,1674,121119,1677],{"id":121116},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121118,77509],{},[15,121120,258],{},[20,121122,121123],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[428,121125,1684,121127,121129],{"id":121126},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121128,74066],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121131,121132],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[428,121134,27952,121136,121138],{"id":121135},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121137,63953],{}," on a string?",[20,121140,46001,121141,121143,121144,39562],{},[15,121142,63953],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121145,121146],{},"sorted(string)",[428,121148,11431,121150,896,121152,121154],{"id":121149},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121151,74066],{},[15,121153,63953],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121156,121157,121158,148],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121159,77733],{},[50,121161,1717],{"id":1716},[30,121163,121164,121170,121176,121180,121184],{},[33,121165,121166],{},[285,121167,13,121168,1713],{"href":74163},[15,121169,74066],{},[33,121171,121172],{},[285,121173,13,121174,10349],{"href":74417},[15,121175,77509],{},[33,121177,121178],{},[285,121179,79515],{"href":78018},[33,121181,121182],{},[285,121183,120467],{"href":120466},[33,121185,121186],{},[285,121187,52410],{"href":50617},[1751,121189,121190],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":121192},[121193,121194,121195,121199,121203,121206,121210,121214,121219,121229,121230,121231,121243],{"id":52,"depth":100,"text":53},{"id":119261,"depth":100,"text":119262},{"id":117364,"depth":100,"text":119086,"children":121196},[121197],{"id":119328,"depth":122,"text":121198},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77575,"depth":100,"text":79537,"children":121200},[121201],{"id":119505,"depth":122,"text":121202},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119601,"depth":100,"text":119602,"children":121204},[121205],{"id":119627,"depth":122,"text":119628},{"id":119833,"depth":100,"text":121207,"children":121208},"When to use sorted()",[121209],{"id":119855,"depth":122,"text":119856},{"id":119990,"depth":100,"text":121211,"children":121212},"When to use list.sort()",[121213],{"id":120013,"depth":122,"text":120014},{"id":120127,"depth":100,"text":121215,"children":121216},"reverse and key work with both",[121217,121218],{"id":120158,"depth":122,"text":120159},{"id":120286,"depth":122,"text":120287},{"id":120470,"depth":100,"text":120471,"children":121220},[121221,121223,121225,121227],{"id":120477,"depth":122,"text":121222},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120601,"depth":122,"text":121224},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120750,"depth":122,"text":121226},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120801,"depth":122,"text":121228},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113368,"depth":100,"text":113369},{"id":121070,"depth":100,"text":121071},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":121232},[121233,121235,121237,121239,121241],{"id":121103,"depth":122,"text":121234},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121116,"depth":122,"text":121236},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121126,"depth":122,"text":121238},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121135,"depth":122,"text":121240},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121149,"depth":122,"text":121242},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119132,"description":121244},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121250,"title":41810,"body":121251,"description":122983,"extension":1791,"meta":122984,"navigation":346,"path":122985,"seo":122986,"stem":122987,"__hash__":122988},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121252,"toc":122940},[121253,121258,121263,121269,121271,121326,121330,121353,121358,121363,121368,121370,121401,121404,121418,121420,121422,121437,121442,121446,121449,121500,121504,121518,121525,121529,121533,121588,121592,121615,121619,121675,121679,121702,121706,121761,121765,121788,121792,121859,121863,121898,121904,121909,121914,121916,121930,121932,122006,122010,122030,122035,122042,122045,122057,122059,122128,122132,122169,122172,122197,122204,122213,122216,122228,122234,122240,122242,122248,122253,122332,122336,122377,122381,122383,122410,122413,122436,122439,122445,122448,122485,122497,122504,122506,122557,122560,122592,122595,122597,122604,122606,122621,122623,122680,122684,122708,122710,122715,122731,122738,122742,122745,122828,122838,122840,122845,122848,122854,122857,122863,122866,122872,122875,122882,122890,122892,122937],[10,121254,13,121256,18],{"id":121255},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121257,47320],{},[20,121259,31943,121260,121262],{},[15,121261,47320],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121264,121265,121266,121268],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121267,47320],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[50,121270,1833],{"id":1832},[55,121272,121274],{"className":57,"code":121273,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121275,121276,121284,121298,121302,121312],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,121277,121278,121280,121282],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,121279,21249],{"class":70},[64,121281,75],{"class":74},[64,121283,44861],{"class":82},[64,121285,121286,121288,121290,121292,121294,121296],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,121287,34315],{"class":70},[64,121289,75],{"class":74},[64,121291,48541],{"class":357},[64,121293,112],{"class":78},[64,121295,8905],{"class":115},[64,121297,119],{"class":78},[64,121299,121300],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,121301,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,121303,121304,121306,121308,121310],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,121305,125],{"class":108},[64,121307,112],{"class":78},[64,121309,34336],{"class":115},[64,121311,119],{"class":78},[64,121313,121314,121316,121318,121320,121322,121324],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,121315,125],{"class":108},[64,121317,112],{"class":78},[64,121319,3052],{"class":357},[64,121321,112],{"class":78},[64,121323,34336],{"class":115},[64,121325,471],{"class":78},[20,121327,121328],{},[221,121329,384],{},[55,121331,121333],{"className":57,"code":121332,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121334,121335,121339],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,121336,121337],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,121338,2539],{"class":82},[64,121340,121341,121343,121345,121347,121349,121351],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,121342,3121],{"class":74},[64,121344,3124],{"class":1895},[64,121346,326],{"class":320},[64,121348,3276],{"class":329},[64,121350,333],{"class":320},[64,121352,3133],{"class":74},[20,121354,1923,121355,121357],{},[15,121356,47320],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[50,121359,152,121361,155],{"id":121360},"what-str-does",[15,121362,47320],{},[20,121364,121365,121367],{},[15,121366,47320],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121369,1938],{},[30,121371,121372,121379,121386,121393],{},[33,121373,121374,121375,41789,121377],{},"An integer like ",[15,121376,2160],{},[15,121378,41760],{},[33,121380,121381,121382,41789,121384],{},"A float like ",[15,121383,39776],{},[15,121385,47731],{},[33,121387,121388,121389,41789,121391],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121390,47],{},[15,121392,6238],{},[33,121394,121395,121396,41789,121398],{},"A list like ",[15,121397,74888],{},[15,121399,121400],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121402,121403],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[30,121405,121406,121409,121412,121415],{},[33,121407,121408],{},"print it",[33,121410,121411],{},"combine it with other strings",[33,121413,121414],{},"save it to a file",[33,121416,121417],{},"use it in messages",[50,121419,1988],{"id":1987},[20,121421,6816],{},[55,121423,121425],{"className":57,"code":121424,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"str(object)\n",[15,121426,121427],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,121428,121429,121431,121433,121435],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,121430,3276],{"class":357},[64,121432,112],{"class":78},[64,121434,42033],{"class":357},[64,121436,119],{"class":78},[20,121438,20391,121439,121441],{},[15,121440,42033],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121443,121444,7827],{},[15,121445,47320],{},[20,121447,121448],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[55,121450,121452],{"className":57,"code":121451,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121453,121454,121463,121486,121490],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,121455,121456,121458,121460],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,121457,1606],{"class":70},[64,121459,75],{"class":74},[64,121461,121462],{"class":82}," 100\n",[64,121464,121465,121467,121469,121471,121474,121476,121478,121480,121482,121484],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,121466,89649],{"class":70},[64,121468,75],{"class":74},[64,121470,3184],{"class":320},[64,121472,121473],{"class":329},"Your score is ",[64,121475,2686],{"class":320},[64,121477,2283],{"class":74},[64,121479,48541],{"class":357},[64,121481,112],{"class":78},[64,121483,85162],{"class":115},[64,121485,119],{"class":78},[64,121487,121488],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,121489,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,121491,121492,121494,121496,121498],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,121493,125],{"class":108},[64,121495,112],{"class":78},[64,121497,89666],{"class":115},[64,121499,119],{"class":78},[20,121501,121502],{},[221,121503,384],{},[55,121505,121507],{"className":57,"code":121506,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121508,121509],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,121510,121511,121514,121516],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,121512,121513],{"class":70},"Your score ",[64,121515,11806],{"class":74},[64,121517,121462],{"class":82},[20,121519,2125,121520,121524],{},[285,121521,121522,2132],{"href":2128},[15,121523,2131],{}," can help you check.",[50,121526,121528],{"id":121527},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[428,121530,121532],{"id":121531},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[55,121534,121536],{"className":57,"code":121535,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121537,121538,121546,121560,121564,121574],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,121539,121540,121542,121544],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,121541,2048],{"class":70},[64,121543,75],{"class":74},[64,121545,2417],{"class":82},[64,121547,121548,121550,121552,121554,121556,121558],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,121549,34315],{"class":70},[64,121551,75],{"class":74},[64,121553,48541],{"class":357},[64,121555,112],{"class":78},[64,121557,2069],{"class":115},[64,121559,119],{"class":78},[64,121561,121562],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,121563,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,121565,121566,121568,121570,121572],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,121567,125],{"class":108},[64,121569,112],{"class":78},[64,121571,34336],{"class":115},[64,121573,119],{"class":78},[64,121575,121576,121578,121580,121582,121584,121586],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,121577,125],{"class":108},[64,121579,112],{"class":78},[64,121581,3052],{"class":357},[64,121583,112],{"class":78},[64,121585,34336],{"class":115},[64,121587,471],{"class":78},[20,121589,121590],{},[221,121591,384],{},[55,121593,121595],{"className":57,"code":121594,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121596,121597,121601],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,121598,121599],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,121600,2206],{"class":82},[64,121602,121603,121605,121607,121609,121611,121613],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,121604,3121],{"class":74},[64,121606,3124],{"class":1895},[64,121608,326],{"class":320},[64,121610,3276],{"class":329},[64,121612,333],{"class":320},[64,121614,3133],{"class":74},[428,121616,121618],{"id":121617},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[55,121620,121622],{"className":57,"code":121621,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121623,121624,121633,121647,121651,121661],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,121625,121626,121628,121630],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,121627,40020],{"class":70},[64,121629,75],{"class":74},[64,121631,121632],{"class":82}," 3.14\n",[64,121634,121635,121637,121639,121641,121643,121645],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,121636,34315],{"class":70},[64,121638,75],{"class":74},[64,121640,48541],{"class":357},[64,121642,112],{"class":78},[64,121644,24772],{"class":115},[64,121646,119],{"class":78},[64,121648,121649],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,121650,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,121652,121653,121655,121657,121659],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,121654,125],{"class":108},[64,121656,112],{"class":78},[64,121658,34336],{"class":115},[64,121660,119],{"class":78},[64,121662,121663,121665,121667,121669,121671,121673],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,121664,125],{"class":108},[64,121666,112],{"class":78},[64,121668,3052],{"class":357},[64,121670,112],{"class":78},[64,121672,34336],{"class":115},[64,121674,471],{"class":78},[20,121676,121677],{},[221,121678,384],{},[55,121680,121682],{"className":57,"code":121681,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121683,121684,121688],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,121685,121686],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,121687,39810],{"class":82},[64,121689,121690,121692,121694,121696,121698,121700],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,121691,3121],{"class":74},[64,121693,3124],{"class":1895},[64,121695,326],{"class":320},[64,121697,3276],{"class":329},[64,121699,333],{"class":320},[64,121701,3133],{"class":74},[428,121703,121705],{"id":121704},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[55,121707,121709],{"className":57,"code":121708,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121710,121711,121719,121733,121737,121747],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,121712,121713,121715,121717],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,121714,2276],{"class":70},[64,121716,75],{"class":74},[64,121718,6019],{"class":338},[64,121720,121721,121723,121725,121727,121729,121731],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,121722,34315],{"class":70},[64,121724,75],{"class":74},[64,121726,48541],{"class":357},[64,121728,112],{"class":78},[64,121730,2302],{"class":115},[64,121732,119],{"class":78},[64,121734,121735],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,121736,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,121738,121739,121741,121743,121745],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,121740,125],{"class":108},[64,121742,112],{"class":78},[64,121744,34336],{"class":115},[64,121746,119],{"class":78},[64,121748,121749,121751,121753,121755,121757,121759],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,121750,125],{"class":108},[64,121752,112],{"class":78},[64,121754,3052],{"class":357},[64,121756,112],{"class":78},[64,121758,34336],{"class":115},[64,121760,471],{"class":78},[20,121762,121763],{},[221,121764,384],{},[55,121766,121768],{"className":57,"code":121767,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121769,121770,121774],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,121771,121772],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,121773,476],{"class":338},[64,121775,121776,121778,121780,121782,121784,121786],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,121777,3121],{"class":74},[64,121779,3124],{"class":1895},[64,121781,326],{"class":320},[64,121783,3276],{"class":329},[64,121785,333],{"class":320},[64,121787,3133],{"class":74},[428,121789,121791],{"id":121790},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[55,121793,121795],{"className":57,"code":121794,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121796,121797,121817,121831,121835,121845],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,121798,121799,121801,121803,121805,121807,121809,121811,121813,121815],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,121800,7379],{"class":70},[64,121802,75],{"class":74},[64,121804,79],{"class":78},[64,121806,83],{"class":82},[64,121808,86],{"class":78},[64,121810,89],{"class":82},[64,121812,86],{"class":78},[64,121814,94],{"class":82},[64,121816,97],{"class":78},[64,121818,121819,121821,121823,121825,121827,121829],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,121820,34315],{"class":70},[64,121822,75],{"class":74},[64,121824,48541],{"class":357},[64,121826,112],{"class":78},[64,121828,7410],{"class":115},[64,121830,119],{"class":78},[64,121832,121833],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,121834,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,121836,121837,121839,121841,121843],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,121838,125],{"class":108},[64,121840,112],{"class":78},[64,121842,34336],{"class":115},[64,121844,119],{"class":78},[64,121846,121847,121849,121851,121853,121855,121857],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,121848,125],{"class":108},[64,121850,112],{"class":78},[64,121852,3052],{"class":357},[64,121854,112],{"class":78},[64,121856,34336],{"class":115},[64,121858,471],{"class":78},[20,121860,121861],{},[221,121862,384],{},[55,121864,121866],{"className":57,"code":121865,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121867,121868,121884],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,121869,121870,121872,121874,121876,121878,121880,121882],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,121871,394],{"class":78},[64,121873,83],{"class":82},[64,121875,86],{"class":78},[64,121877,89],{"class":82},[64,121879,86],{"class":78},[64,121881,94],{"class":82},[64,121883,97],{"class":78},[64,121885,121886,121888,121890,121892,121894,121896],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,121887,3121],{"class":74},[64,121889,3124],{"class":1895},[64,121891,326],{"class":320},[64,121893,3276],{"class":329},[64,121895,333],{"class":320},[64,121897,3133],{"class":74},[20,121899,121900,121901,121903],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[221,121902,1138],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[50,121905,1471,121907],{"id":121906},"when-to-use-str",[15,121908,47320],{},[20,121910,1923,121911,121913],{},[15,121912,47320],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,121915,36056],{},[30,121917,121918,121921,121924,121927],{},[33,121919,121920],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[33,121922,121923],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[33,121925,121926],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[33,121928,121929],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,121931,916],{},[55,121933,121935],{"className":57,"code":121934,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,121936,121937,121949,121957,121961,121996],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,121938,121939,121941,121943,121945,121947],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,121940,7477],{"class":70},[64,121942,75],{"class":74},[64,121944,3184],{"class":320},[64,121946,11120],{"class":329},[64,121948,3190],{"class":320},[64,121950,121951,121953,121955],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,121952,21249],{"class":70},[64,121954,75],{"class":74},[64,121956,44861],{"class":82},[64,121958,121959],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,121960,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,121962,121963,121965,121967,121969,121971,121973,121975,121977,121979,121981,121983,121985,121987,121989,121991,121994],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,121964,89649],{"class":70},[64,121966,75],{"class":74},[64,121968,35598],{"class":70},[64,121970,1889],{"class":74},[64,121972,3184],{"class":320},[64,121974,1292],{"class":329},[64,121976,2686],{"class":320},[64,121978,2283],{"class":74},[64,121980,48541],{"class":357},[64,121982,112],{"class":78},[64,121984,8905],{"class":115},[64,121986,133],{"class":78},[64,121988,2283],{"class":74},[64,121990,3184],{"class":320},[64,121992,121993],{"class":329}," years old.",[64,121995,3190],{"class":320},[64,121997,121998,122000,122002,122004],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,121999,125],{"class":108},[64,122001,112],{"class":78},[64,122003,89666],{"class":115},[64,122005,119],{"class":78},[20,122007,122008],{},[221,122009,384],{},[55,122011,122013],{"className":57,"code":122012,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122014,122015],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,122016,122017,122020,122022,122024,122027],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,122018,122019],{"class":70},"Maya ",[64,122021,11806],{"class":74},[64,122023,8912],{"class":82},[64,122025,122026],{"class":70}," years old",[64,122028,122029],{"class":78},".\n",[20,122031,122032,122033,148],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[285,122034,89335],{"href":89334},[50,122036,122038,10193,122040],{"id":122037},"str-vs-print",[15,122039,47320],{},[15,122041,46088],{},[20,122043,122044],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[30,122046,122047,122052],{},[33,122048,122049,122051],{},[15,122050,47320],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[33,122053,122054,122056],{},[15,122055,46088],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122058,916],{},[55,122060,122062],{"className":57,"code":122061,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122063,122064,122072,122076,122090,122100,122114],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,122065,122066,122068,122070],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,122067,2276],{"class":70},[64,122069,75],{"class":74},[64,122071,2599],{"class":82},[64,122073,122074],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,122075,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,122077,122078,122080,122082,122084,122086,122088],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,122079,34315],{"class":70},[64,122081,75],{"class":74},[64,122083,48541],{"class":357},[64,122085,112],{"class":78},[64,122087,2302],{"class":115},[64,122089,119],{"class":78},[64,122091,122092,122094,122096,122098],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,122093,125],{"class":108},[64,122095,112],{"class":78},[64,122097,34336],{"class":115},[64,122099,119],{"class":78},[64,122101,122102,122104,122106,122108,122110,122112],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,122103,125],{"class":108},[64,122105,112],{"class":78},[64,122107,3052],{"class":357},[64,122109,112],{"class":78},[64,122111,34336],{"class":115},[64,122113,471],{"class":78},[64,122115,122116,122118,122120,122122,122124,122126],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,122117,125],{"class":108},[64,122119,112],{"class":78},[64,122121,3052],{"class":357},[64,122123,112],{"class":78},[64,122125,2302],{"class":115},[64,122127,471],{"class":78},[20,122129,122130],{},[221,122131,384],{},[55,122133,122135],{"className":57,"code":122134,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122136,122137,122141,122155],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,122138,122139],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,122140,46248],{"class":82},[64,122142,122143,122145,122147,122149,122151,122153],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,122144,3121],{"class":74},[64,122146,3124],{"class":1895},[64,122148,326],{"class":320},[64,122150,3276],{"class":329},[64,122152,333],{"class":320},[64,122154,3133],{"class":74},[64,122156,122157,122159,122161,122163,122165,122167],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,122158,3121],{"class":74},[64,122160,3124],{"class":1895},[64,122162,326],{"class":320},[64,122164,2019],{"class":329},[64,122166,333],{"class":320},[64,122168,3133],{"class":74},[20,122170,122171],{},"Notice:",[30,122173,122174,122180,122185],{},[33,122175,122176,122179],{},[15,122177,122178],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[33,122181,122182,122184],{},[15,122183,46088],{}," only displayed values",[33,122186,122187,122189,122190,122192,122193,60942,122195],{},[15,122188,46088],{}," did not change ",[15,122191,2302],{}," from ",[15,122194,2019],{},[15,122196,3276],{},[20,122198,122199,122200,148],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[285,122201,122202,2132],{"href":46085},[15,122203,46088],{},[50,122205,122207,10193,122209,122212],{"id":122206},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122208,47320],{},[15,122210,122211],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122214,122215],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[30,122217,122218,122223],{},[33,122219,122220,122222],{},[15,122221,47320],{}," is the more readable text version",[33,122224,122225,122227],{},[15,122226,122211],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122229,122230,122231,122233],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122232,47320],{}," much more often.",[20,122235,122236,122237,122239],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122238,47320],{}," is usually the right choice.",[50,122241,1023],{"id":1022},[428,122243,25397,122245,122247],{"id":122244},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122246,47320],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122249,122250,122252],{},[15,122251,47320],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[55,122254,122256],{"className":57,"code":122255,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122257,122258,122266,122280,122284,122294,122308,122318],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,122259,122260,122262,122264],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,122261,21249],{"class":70},[64,122263,75],{"class":74},[64,122265,44861],{"class":82},[64,122267,122268,122270,122272,122274,122276,122278],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,122269,34315],{"class":70},[64,122271,75],{"class":74},[64,122273,48541],{"class":357},[64,122275,112],{"class":78},[64,122277,8905],{"class":115},[64,122279,119],{"class":78},[64,122281,122282],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,122283,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,122285,122286,122288,122290,122292],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,122287,125],{"class":108},[64,122289,112],{"class":78},[64,122291,8905],{"class":115},[64,122293,119],{"class":78},[64,122295,122296,122298,122300,122302,122304,122306],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,122297,125],{"class":108},[64,122299,112],{"class":78},[64,122301,3052],{"class":357},[64,122303,112],{"class":78},[64,122305,8905],{"class":115},[64,122307,471],{"class":78},[64,122309,122310,122312,122314,122316],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,122311,125],{"class":108},[64,122313,112],{"class":78},[64,122315,34336],{"class":115},[64,122317,119],{"class":78},[64,122319,122320,122322,122324,122326,122328,122330],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,122321,125],{"class":108},[64,122323,112],{"class":78},[64,122325,3052],{"class":357},[64,122327,112],{"class":78},[64,122329,34336],{"class":115},[64,122331,471],{"class":78},[20,122333,122334],{},[221,122335,384],{},[55,122337,122339],{"className":57,"code":122338,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122340,122341,122345,122359,122363],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,122342,122343],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,122344,2539],{"class":82},[64,122346,122347,122349,122351,122353,122355,122357],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,122348,3121],{"class":74},[64,122350,3124],{"class":1895},[64,122352,326],{"class":320},[64,122354,2019],{"class":329},[64,122356,333],{"class":320},[64,122358,3133],{"class":74},[64,122360,122361],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,122362,2539],{"class":82},[64,122364,122365,122367,122369,122371,122373,122375],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,122366,3121],{"class":74},[64,122368,3124],{"class":1895},[64,122370,326],{"class":320},[64,122372,3276],{"class":329},[64,122374,333],{"class":320},[64,122376,3133],{"class":74},[428,122378,122380],{"id":122379},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122382,6285],{},[55,122384,122386],{"className":57,"code":122385,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122387,122388,122396],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,122389,122390,122392,122394],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,122391,21249],{"class":70},[64,122393,75],{"class":74},[64,122395,44861],{"class":82},[64,122397,122398,122400,122402,122404,122406,122408],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,122399,34315],{"class":70},[64,122401,75],{"class":74},[64,122403,48541],{"class":357},[64,122405,112],{"class":78},[64,122407,8905],{"class":115},[64,122409,119],{"class":78},[20,122411,122412],{},"But if you only do this:",[55,122414,122416],{"className":57,"code":122415,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122417,122418,122426],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,122419,122420,122422,122424],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,122421,21249],{"class":70},[64,122423,75],{"class":74},[64,122425,44861],{"class":82},[64,122427,122428,122430,122432,122434],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,122429,3276],{"class":357},[64,122431,112],{"class":78},[64,122433,8905],{"class":115},[64,122435,119],{"class":78},[20,122437,122438],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[428,122440,8020,122442,122444],{"id":122441},"using-str-too-early",[15,122443,47320],{}," too early",[20,122446,122447],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[55,122449,122451],{"className":57,"code":122450,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122452,122453,122461,122476,122480],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,122454,122455,122457,122459],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,122456,40020],{"class":70},[64,122458,75],{"class":74},[64,122460,2417],{"class":82},[64,122462,122463,122466,122468,122470,122472,122474],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,122464,122465],{"class":70},"text_price ",[64,122467,75],{"class":74},[64,122469,48541],{"class":357},[64,122471,112],{"class":78},[64,122473,24772],{"class":115},[64,122475,119],{"class":78},[64,122477,122478],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,122479,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,122481,122482],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,122483,122484],{"class":136},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122486,122487,122488,212,122492,122496],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[285,122489,122490],{"href":2707},[15,122491,2710],{},[285,122493,122494],{"href":2713},[15,122495,2716],{},", depending on the situation.",[428,122498,8056,122500,122503],{"id":122499},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122501,122502],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122505,64285],{},[55,122507,122509],{"className":57,"code":122508,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122510,122511,122543],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,122512,122513,122515,122517,122519,122521,122523,122525,122527,122529,122531,122533,122535,122537,122539,122541],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,122514,7379],{"class":70},[64,122516,75],{"class":74},[64,122518,79],{"class":78},[64,122520,2686],{"class":320},[64,122522,576],{"class":329},[64,122524,2686],{"class":320},[64,122526,86],{"class":78},[64,122528,3184],{"class":320},[64,122530,585],{"class":329},[64,122532,2686],{"class":320},[64,122534,86],{"class":78},[64,122536,3184],{"class":320},[64,122538,32847],{"class":329},[64,122540,2686],{"class":320},[64,122542,97],{"class":78},[64,122544,122545,122547,122549,122551,122553,122555],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,122546,125],{"class":108},[64,122548,112],{"class":78},[64,122550,3276],{"class":357},[64,122552,112],{"class":78},[64,122554,7410],{"class":115},[64,122556,471],{"class":78},[20,122558,122559],{},"prints:",[55,122561,122562],{"className":57,"code":72478,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,122563,122564],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,122565,122566,122568,122570,122572,122574,122576,122578,122580,122582,122584,122586,122588,122590],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,122567,394],{"class":78},[64,122569,333],{"class":320},[64,122571,576],{"class":329},[64,122573,333],{"class":320},[64,122575,86],{"class":78},[64,122577,326],{"class":320},[64,122579,585],{"class":329},[64,122581,333],{"class":320},[64,122583,86],{"class":78},[64,122585,326],{"class":320},[64,122587,32847],{"class":329},[64,122589,333],{"class":320},[64,122591,97],{"class":78},[20,122593,122594],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[50,122596,17037],{"id":17036},[20,122598,122599,21596,122601,148],{},[15,122600,47320],{},[221,122602,122603],{},"new string",[20,122605,11069],{},[30,122607,122608,122611,122614],{},[33,122609,122610],{},"It always returns a string",[33,122612,122613],{},"It does not modify the original object",[33,122615,7362,122616,122620],{},[285,122617,122618],{"href":2128},[15,122619,2131],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122622,916],{},[55,122624,122626],{"className":57,"code":122625,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122627,122628,122636,122651,122655,122666],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,122629,122630,122632,122634],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,122631,2276],{"class":70},[64,122633,75],{"class":74},[64,122635,13746],{"class":82},[64,122637,122638,122641,122643,122645,122647,122649],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,122639,122640],{"class":70},"converted ",[64,122642,75],{"class":74},[64,122644,48541],{"class":357},[64,122646,112],{"class":78},[64,122648,2302],{"class":115},[64,122650,119],{"class":78},[64,122652,122653],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,122654,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,122656,122657,122659,122661,122664],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,122658,125],{"class":108},[64,122660,112],{"class":78},[64,122662,122663],{"class":115},"converted",[64,122665,119],{"class":78},[64,122667,122668,122670,122672,122674,122676,122678],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,122669,125],{"class":108},[64,122671,112],{"class":78},[64,122673,3052],{"class":357},[64,122675,112],{"class":78},[64,122677,122663],{"class":115},[64,122679,471],{"class":78},[20,122681,122682],{},[221,122683,384],{},[55,122685,122687],{"className":57,"code":122686,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122688,122689,122694],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,122690,122691],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,122692,122693],{"class":82},"99\n",[64,122695,122696,122698,122700,122702,122704,122706],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,122697,3121],{"class":74},[64,122699,3124],{"class":1895},[64,122701,326],{"class":320},[64,122703,3276],{"class":329},[64,122705,333],{"class":320},[64,122707,3133],{"class":74},[50,122709,113369],{"id":113368},[20,122711,122712,122713,74457],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122714,47320],{},[30,122716,122717,122720,122723,122728],{},[33,122718,122719],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[33,122721,122722],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[33,122724,8020,122725,122727],{},[15,122726,47320],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[33,122729,122730],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122732,122733,122734,148],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[285,122735,25302,122736],{"href":90047},[15,122737,90048],{},[50,122739,122741],{"id":122740},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122743,122744],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[55,122746,122748],{"className":57,"code":122747,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122749,122750,122758,122762,122772,122786,122790,122804,122814],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,122751,122752,122754,122756],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,122753,2276],{"class":70},[64,122755,75],{"class":74},[64,122757,44861],{"class":82},[64,122759,122760],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,122761,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,122763,122764,122766,122768,122770],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,122765,125],{"class":108},[64,122767,112],{"class":78},[64,122769,2302],{"class":115},[64,122771,119],{"class":78},[64,122773,122774,122776,122778,122780,122782,122784],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,122775,125],{"class":108},[64,122777,112],{"class":78},[64,122779,3052],{"class":357},[64,122781,112],{"class":78},[64,122783,2302],{"class":115},[64,122785,471],{"class":78},[64,122787,122788],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,122789,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,122791,122792,122794,122796,122798,122800,122802],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,122793,122640],{"class":70},[64,122795,75],{"class":74},[64,122797,48541],{"class":357},[64,122799,112],{"class":78},[64,122801,2302],{"class":115},[64,122803,119],{"class":78},[64,122805,122806,122808,122810,122812],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,122807,125],{"class":108},[64,122809,112],{"class":78},[64,122811,122663],{"class":115},[64,122813,119],{"class":78},[64,122815,122816,122818,122820,122822,122824,122826],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,122817,125],{"class":108},[64,122819,112],{"class":78},[64,122821,3052],{"class":357},[64,122823,112],{"class":78},[64,122825,122663],{"class":115},[64,122827,471],{"class":78},[20,122829,122830,122831,2020,122833,122835,122836,148],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,122832,2019],{},[15,122834,2023],{},", or another type into ",[15,122837,3276],{},[50,122839,1651],{"id":1650},[428,122841,1655,122843,1658],{"id":122842},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,122844,47320],{},[20,122846,122847],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[428,122849,12317,122851,122853],{"id":122850},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,122852,47320],{}," change the original variable?",[20,122855,122856],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[428,122858,1684,122860,122862],{"id":122859},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,122861,47320],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,122864,122865],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[428,122867,94233,122869,122871],{"id":122868},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,122870,47320],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,122873,122874],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[428,122876,14519,122878,56845,122880,1677],{"id":122877},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,122879,47320],{},[15,122881,46088],{},[20,122883,46001,122884,122886,122887,122889],{},[15,122885,47320],{}," converts to text. ",[15,122888,46088],{}," shows output.",[50,122891,1717],{"id":1716},[30,122893,122894,122900,122906,122912,122918,122927,122931],{},[33,122895,122896],{},[285,122897,122898,1713],{"href":46085},[15,122899,46088],{},[33,122901,122902],{},[285,122903,122904,1713],{"href":2128},[15,122905,2131],{},[33,122907,122908],{},[285,122909,122910,1713],{"href":2707},[15,122911,2710],{},[33,122913,122914],{},[285,122915,122916,1713],{"href":2713},[15,122917,2716],{},[33,122919,122920],{},[285,122921,122923,122924,122926],{"href":122922},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,122925,2019],{}," to string in Python",[33,122928,122929],{},[285,122930,90325],{"href":89334},[33,122932,122933],{},[285,122934,29972,122935],{"href":90047},[15,122936,90048],{},[1751,122938,122939],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":122941},[122942,122943,122945,122946,122952,122954,122956,122958,122967,122968,122969,122970,122982],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":121360,"depth":100,"text":122944},"What str() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":121527,"depth":100,"text":121528,"children":122947},[122948,122949,122950,122951],{"id":121531,"depth":122,"text":121532},{"id":121617,"depth":122,"text":121618},{"id":121704,"depth":122,"text":121705},{"id":121790,"depth":122,"text":121791},{"id":121906,"depth":100,"text":122953},"When to use str()",{"id":122037,"depth":100,"text":122955},"str() vs print()",{"id":122206,"depth":100,"text":122957},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":1022,"depth":100,"text":1023,"children":122959},[122960,122962,122963,122965],{"id":122244,"depth":122,"text":122961},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122379,"depth":122,"text":122380},{"id":122441,"depth":122,"text":122964},"Using str() too early",{"id":122499,"depth":122,"text":122966},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17036,"depth":100,"text":17037},{"id":113368,"depth":100,"text":113369},{"id":122740,"depth":100,"text":122741},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":122971},[122972,122974,122976,122978,122980],{"id":122842,"depth":122,"text":122973},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122850,"depth":122,"text":122975},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122859,"depth":122,"text":122977},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122868,"depth":122,"text":122979},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122877,"depth":122,"text":122981},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41810,"description":122983},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":122990,"title":122991,"body":122992,"description":124445,"extension":1791,"meta":124446,"navigation":346,"path":124447,"seo":124448,"stem":124449,"__hash__":124450},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":122993,"toc":124407},[122994,123000,123006,123009,123031,123033,123095,123097,123110,123116,123121,123126,123128,123141,123152,123154,123181,123183,123200,123207,123218,123220,123225,123227,123239,123247,123256,123258,123261,123314,123316,123324,123332,123336,123341,123381,123383,123391,123394,123396,123436,123438,123446,123456,123462,123465,123538,123540,123553,123557,123562,123590,123593,123628,123630,123638,123641,123645,123649,123651,123667,123669,123709,123711,123719,123728,123771,123773,123781,123783,123787,123793,123796,123836,123838,123846,123851,123854,123897,123901,123904,123939,123944,123946,123985,123995,124003,124013,124021,124025,124030,124032,124073,124075,124083,124088,124091,124094,124112,124118,124122,124127,124130,124170,124172,124177,124276,124279,124295,124297,124316,124318,124325,124328,124334,124337,124343,124347,124353,124356,124362,124365,124367,124404],[10,122995,122997,122998,10932],{"id":122996},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,122999,56930],{},[20,123001,123002,123003,123005],{},"The Python string ",[15,123004,56930],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123007,123008],{},"This reference page explains:",[30,123010,123011,123015,123018,123020,123028],{},[33,123012,25642,123013,155],{},[15,123014,56930],{},[33,123016,123017],{},"its syntax",[33,123019,35023],{},[33,123021,123022,123023,896,123025,123027],{},"how ",[15,123024,35702],{},[15,123026,52299],{}," work",[33,123029,123030],{},"common beginner mistakes",[50,123032,1833],{"id":1832},[55,123034,123036],{"className":57,"code":123035,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123037,123038,123050,123072],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,123039,123040,123042,123044,123046,123048],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123041,34315],{"class":70},[64,123043,75],{"class":74},[64,123045,3184],{"class":320},[64,123047,585],{"class":329},[64,123049,3190],{"class":320},[64,123051,123052,123054,123056,123058,123060,123062,123064,123066,123068,123070],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,123053,125],{"class":108},[64,123055,112],{"class":78},[64,123057,34336],{"class":115},[64,123059,148],{"class":78},[64,123061,40893],{"class":115},[64,123063,112],{"class":78},[64,123065,2686],{"class":320},[64,123067,285],{"class":329},[64,123069,2686],{"class":320},[64,123071,471],{"class":78},[64,123073,123074,123076,123078,123080,123082,123084,123086,123088,123091,123093],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,123075,125],{"class":108},[64,123077,112],{"class":78},[64,123079,34336],{"class":115},[64,123081,148],{"class":78},[64,123083,40893],{"class":115},[64,123085,112],{"class":78},[64,123087,2686],{"class":320},[64,123089,123090],{"class":329},"na",[64,123092,2686],{"class":320},[64,123094,471],{"class":78},[20,123096,384],{},[55,123098,123100],{"className":57,"code":123099,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"3\n2\n",[15,123101,123102,123106],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,123103,123104],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123105,46253],{"class":82},[64,123107,123108],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,123109,16674],{"class":82},[20,123111,1923,123112,123115],{},[15,123113,123114],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[50,123117,12610,123119,12613],{"id":123118},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123120,56930],{},[20,123122,123123,123125],{},[15,123124,56930],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123127,12666],{},[30,123129,123130,123133,123136,123138],{},[33,123131,123132],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[33,123134,123135],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[33,123137,43293],{},[33,123139,123140],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123142,123143,123144,123146,123147,2020,123149,123151],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123145,17715],{}," characters are in ",[15,123148,64916],{},[15,123150,56930],{}," is a simple choice.",[50,123153,1988],{"id":1987},[55,123155,123157],{"className":57,"code":123156,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123158,123159],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,123160,123161,123163,123165,123167,123169,123171,123173,123175,123177,123179],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123162,60815],{"class":70},[64,123164,148],{"class":78},[64,123166,40893],{"class":115},[64,123168,112],{"class":78},[64,123170,2302],{"class":115},[64,123172,86],{"class":78},[64,123174,35681],{"class":115},[64,123176,86],{"class":78},[64,123178,64682],{"class":115},[64,123180,119],{"class":78},[428,123182,17013],{"id":17012},[30,123184,123185,123190,123195],{},[33,123186,123187,123189],{},[15,123188,2302],{},": the text to search for",[33,123191,123192,123194],{},[15,123193,35702],{},": optional; where counting begins",[33,123196,123197,123199],{},[15,123198,52299],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123201,123202,896,123204,123206],{},[15,123203,35702],{},[15,123205,52299],{}," work like slice positions:",[30,123208,123209,123214],{},[33,123210,123211,123213],{},[15,123212,35702],{}," is included",[33,123215,123216,75383],{},[15,123217,52299],{},[50,123219,17037],{"id":17036},[20,123221,123222,123224],{},[15,123223,56930],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123226,1956],{},[30,123228,123229,123234],{},[33,123230,123231,123232],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123233,1892],{},[33,123235,123236,123237],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123238,243],{},[20,123240,40539,123241,1674,123243,212,123245,148],{},[221,123242,1138],{},[15,123244,47],{},[15,123246,147],{},[20,123248,123249,123250,123255],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[285,123251,123253,101243],{"href":123252},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123254,375],{}," is often a better fit.",[50,123257,11086],{"id":11085},[20,123259,123260],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[55,123262,123264],{"className":57,"code":123263,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123265,123266,123278,123300,123304],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,123267,123268,123270,123272,123274,123276],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123269,34315],{"class":70},[64,123271,75],{"class":74},[64,123273,3184],{"class":320},[64,123275,576],{"class":329},[64,123277,3190],{"class":320},[64,123279,123280,123282,123284,123286,123288,123290,123292,123294,123296,123298],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,123281,103],{"class":70},[64,123283,75],{"class":74},[64,123285,42476],{"class":70},[64,123287,148],{"class":78},[64,123289,40893],{"class":115},[64,123291,112],{"class":78},[64,123293,2686],{"class":320},[64,123295,20],{"class":329},[64,123297,2686],{"class":320},[64,123299,119],{"class":78},[64,123301,123302],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,123303,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,123305,123306,123308,123310,123312],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,123307,125],{"class":108},[64,123309,112],{"class":78},[64,123311,130],{"class":115},[64,123313,119],{"class":78},[20,123315,384],{},[55,123317,123318],{"className":57,"code":16674,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,123319,123320],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,123321,123322],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123323,16674],{"class":82},[20,123325,63461,123326,123329,123330,148],{},[15,123327,123328],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123331,57473],{},[50,123333,123335],{"id":123334},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123337,123338,123340],{},[15,123339,56930],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[55,123342,123344],{"className":57,"code":123343,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123345,123346,123359],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,123347,123348,123350,123352,123354,123357],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123349,34315],{"class":70},[64,123351,75],{"class":74},[64,123353,3184],{"class":320},[64,123355,123356],{"class":329},"cat dog cat bird cat",[64,123358,3190],{"class":320},[64,123360,123361,123363,123365,123367,123369,123371,123373,123375,123377,123379],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,123362,125],{"class":108},[64,123364,112],{"class":78},[64,123366,34336],{"class":115},[64,123368,148],{"class":78},[64,123370,40893],{"class":115},[64,123372,112],{"class":78},[64,123374,2686],{"class":320},[64,123376,36678],{"class":329},[64,123378,2686],{"class":320},[64,123380,471],{"class":78},[20,123382,384],{},[55,123384,123385],{"className":57,"code":46253,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,123386,123387],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,123388,123389],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123390,46253],{"class":82},[20,123392,123393],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123395,916],{},[55,123397,123399],{"className":57,"code":123398,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123400,123401,123414],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,123402,123403,123405,123407,123409,123412],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123404,34315],{"class":70},[64,123406,75],{"class":74},[64,123408,3184],{"class":320},[64,123410,123411],{"class":329},"one One one",[64,123413,3190],{"class":320},[64,123415,123416,123418,123420,123422,123424,123426,123428,123430,123432,123434],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,123417,125],{"class":108},[64,123419,112],{"class":78},[64,123421,34336],{"class":115},[64,123423,148],{"class":78},[64,123425,40893],{"class":115},[64,123427,112],{"class":78},[64,123429,2686],{"class":320},[64,123431,6182],{"class":329},[64,123433,2686],{"class":320},[64,123435,471],{"class":78},[20,123437,384],{},[55,123439,123440],{"className":57,"code":16674,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,123441,123442],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,123443,123444],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123445,16674],{"class":82},[20,123447,123448,123449,123452,123453,123455],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123450,123451],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123454,56930],{}," is case-sensitive.",[50,123457,8020,123458,896,123460],{"id":65048},[15,123459,35702],{},[15,123461,52299],{},[20,123463,123464],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[55,123466,123468],{"className":57,"code":123467,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123469,123470,123482,123508],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,123471,123472,123474,123476,123478,123480],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123473,34315],{"class":70},[64,123475,75],{"class":74},[64,123477,3184],{"class":320},[64,123479,585],{"class":329},[64,123481,3190],{"class":320},[64,123483,123484,123486,123488,123490,123492,123494,123496,123498,123500,123502,123504,123506],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,123485,125],{"class":108},[64,123487,112],{"class":78},[64,123489,34336],{"class":115},[64,123491,148],{"class":78},[64,123493,40893],{"class":115},[64,123495,112],{"class":78},[64,123497,2686],{"class":320},[64,123499,285],{"class":329},[64,123501,2686],{"class":320},[64,123503,86],{"class":78},[64,123505,89],{"class":82},[64,123507,471],{"class":78},[64,123509,123510,123512,123514,123516,123518,123520,123522,123524,123526,123528,123530,123532,123534,123536],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,123511,125],{"class":108},[64,123513,112],{"class":78},[64,123515,34336],{"class":115},[64,123517,148],{"class":78},[64,123519,40893],{"class":115},[64,123521,112],{"class":78},[64,123523,2686],{"class":320},[64,123525,285],{"class":329},[64,123527,2686],{"class":320},[64,123529,86],{"class":78},[64,123531,89],{"class":82},[64,123533,86],{"class":78},[64,123535,1112],{"class":82},[64,123537,471],{"class":78},[20,123539,384],{},[55,123541,123543],{"className":57,"code":123542,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"2\n1\n",[15,123544,123545,123549],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,123546,123547],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123548,16674],{"class":82},[64,123550,123551],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,123552,46553],{"class":82},[428,123554,123556],{"id":123555},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123558,123559,123560,160],{},"In ",[15,123561,64916],{},[30,123563,123564,123572,123580],{},[33,123565,70607,123566,123568,123569],{},[15,123567,815],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123570,123571],{},"\"n\"",[33,123573,123574,123577,123578,75681],{},[15,123575,123576],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123579,815],{},[33,123581,123582,123577,123585,123587,123588],{},[15,123583,123584],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123586,815],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123589,1107],{},[20,123591,123592],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[55,123594,123596],{"className":57,"code":123595,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123597,123598,123610],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,123599,123600,123602,123604,123606,123608],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123601,34315],{"class":70},[64,123603,75],{"class":74},[64,123605,3184],{"class":320},[64,123607,585],{"class":329},[64,123609,3190],{"class":320},[64,123611,123612,123614,123616,123618,123620,123622,123624,123626],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,123613,125],{"class":108},[64,123615,112],{"class":78},[64,123617,34336],{"class":115},[64,123619,394],{"class":78},[64,123621,815],{"class":82},[64,123623,160],{"class":78},[64,123625,1107],{"class":82},[64,123627,381],{"class":78},[20,123629,384],{},[55,123631,123632],{"className":57,"code":41102,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,123633,123634],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,123635,123636],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123637,41102],{"class":70},[20,123639,123640],{},"Only that section is searched.",[50,123642,123644],{"id":123643},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123646,123647,123455],{},[15,123648,56930],{},[20,123650,1938],{},[30,123652,123653,123661],{},[33,123654,123655,896,123657,123660],{},[15,123656,17715],{},[15,123658,123659],{},"\"A\""," are different",[33,123662,123663,896,123665,123660],{},[15,123664,64176],{},[15,123666,90060],{},[20,123668,916],{},[55,123670,123672],{"className":57,"code":123671,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123673,123674,123687],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,123675,123676,123678,123680,123682,123685],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123677,34315],{"class":70},[64,123679,75],{"class":74},[64,123681,3184],{"class":320},[64,123683,123684],{"class":329},"Apple apple APPLE",[64,123686,3190],{"class":320},[64,123688,123689,123691,123693,123695,123697,123699,123701,123703,123705,123707],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,123690,125],{"class":108},[64,123692,112],{"class":78},[64,123694,34336],{"class":115},[64,123696,148],{"class":78},[64,123698,40893],{"class":115},[64,123700,112],{"class":78},[64,123702,2686],{"class":320},[64,123704,576],{"class":329},[64,123706,2686],{"class":320},[64,123708,471],{"class":78},[20,123710,384],{},[55,123712,123713],{"className":57,"code":46553,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,123714,123715],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,123716,123717],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123718,46553],{"class":82},[20,123720,123721,123722,160],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[285,123723,123725],{"href":123724},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,123726,123727],{},"lower()",[55,123729,123731],{"className":57,"code":123730,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123732,123733,123745],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,123734,123735,123737,123739,123741,123743],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123736,34315],{"class":70},[64,123738,75],{"class":74},[64,123740,3184],{"class":320},[64,123742,123684],{"class":329},[64,123744,3190],{"class":320},[64,123746,123747,123749,123751,123753,123755,123757,123759,123761,123763,123765,123767,123769],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,123748,125],{"class":108},[64,123750,112],{"class":78},[64,123752,34336],{"class":115},[64,123754,148],{"class":78},[64,123756,8244],{"class":115},[64,123758,8241],{"class":78},[64,123760,40893],{"class":115},[64,123762,112],{"class":78},[64,123764,2686],{"class":320},[64,123766,576],{"class":329},[64,123768,2686],{"class":320},[64,123770,471],{"class":78},[20,123772,384],{},[55,123774,123775],{"className":57,"code":46253,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,123776,123777],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,123778,123779],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123780,46253],{"class":82},[50,123782,2661],{"id":2660},[20,123784,22716,123785,148],{},[15,123786,56930],{},[428,123788,8056,123790,123792],{"id":123789},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123791,56930],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123794,123795],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[55,123797,123799],{"className":57,"code":123798,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123800,123801,123814],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,123802,123803,123805,123807,123809,123812],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123804,34315],{"class":70},[64,123806,75],{"class":74},[64,123808,3184],{"class":320},[64,123810,123811],{"class":329},"Aardvark",[64,123813,3190],{"class":320},[64,123815,123816,123818,123820,123822,123824,123826,123828,123830,123832,123834],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,123817,125],{"class":108},[64,123819,112],{"class":78},[64,123821,34336],{"class":115},[64,123823,148],{"class":78},[64,123825,40893],{"class":115},[64,123827,112],{"class":78},[64,123829,2686],{"class":320},[64,123831,285],{"class":329},[64,123833,2686],{"class":320},[64,123835,471],{"class":78},[20,123837,384],{},[55,123839,123840],{"className":57,"code":16674,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,123841,123842],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,123843,123844],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123845,16674],{"class":82},[20,123847,123448,123848,123850],{},[15,123849,123659],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,123852,123853],{},"If needed, convert first:",[55,123855,123857],{"className":57,"code":123856,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123858,123859,123871],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,123860,123861,123863,123865,123867,123869],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123862,34315],{"class":70},[64,123864,75],{"class":74},[64,123866,3184],{"class":320},[64,123868,123811],{"class":329},[64,123870,3190],{"class":320},[64,123872,123873,123875,123877,123879,123881,123883,123885,123887,123889,123891,123893,123895],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,123874,125],{"class":108},[64,123876,112],{"class":78},[64,123878,34336],{"class":115},[64,123880,148],{"class":78},[64,123882,8244],{"class":115},[64,123884,8241],{"class":78},[64,123886,40893],{"class":115},[64,123888,112],{"class":78},[64,123890,2686],{"class":320},[64,123892,285],{"class":329},[64,123894,2686],{"class":320},[64,123896,471],{"class":78},[428,123898,123900],{"id":123899},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,123902,123903],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[55,123905,123907],{"className":57,"code":123906,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,123908,123909,123921],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,123910,123911,123913,123915,123917,123919],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123912,34315],{"class":70},[64,123914,75],{"class":74},[64,123916,3184],{"class":320},[64,123918,585],{"class":329},[64,123920,3190],{"class":320},[64,123922,123923,123925,123927,123929,123931,123933,123935,123937],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,123924,125],{"class":108},[64,123926,112],{"class":78},[64,123928,34336],{"class":115},[64,123930,148],{"class":78},[64,123932,40893],{"class":115},[64,123934,112],{"class":78},[64,123936,285],{"class":115},[64,123938,471],{"class":78},[20,123940,123941,123942,148],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,123943,285],{},[20,123945,10416],{},[55,123947,123949],{"className":57,"code":123948,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123950,123951,123963],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,123952,123953,123955,123957,123959,123961],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,123954,34315],{"class":70},[64,123956,75],{"class":74},[64,123958,3184],{"class":320},[64,123960,585],{"class":329},[64,123962,3190],{"class":320},[64,123964,123965,123967,123969,123971,123973,123975,123977,123979,123981,123983],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,123966,125],{"class":108},[64,123968,112],{"class":78},[64,123970,34336],{"class":115},[64,123972,148],{"class":78},[64,123974,40893],{"class":115},[64,123976,112],{"class":78},[64,123978,2686],{"class":320},[64,123980,285],{"class":329},[64,123982,2686],{"class":320},[64,123984,471],{"class":78},[428,123986,36835,123988,8309,123990,212,123993],{"id":123987},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,123989,56930],{},[15,123991,123992],{},"find()",[15,123994,58608],{},[20,123996,1923,123997,123999,124000,148],{},[15,123998,56930],{}," when you need the ",[221,124001,124002],{},"number of matches",[20,124004,1923,124005,123999,124010,124012],{},[285,124006,124008],{"href":124007},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124009,123992],{},[221,124011,64588],{}," of the first match.",[20,124014,1923,124015,124020],{},[285,124016,124018],{"href":124017},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124019,58608],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[428,124022,124024],{"id":124023},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124026,124027,124029],{},[15,124028,56930],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124031,916],{},[55,124033,124035],{"className":57,"code":124034,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124036,124037,124050],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,124038,124039,124041,124043,124045,124048],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,124040,34315],{"class":70},[64,124042,75],{"class":74},[64,124044,3184],{"class":320},[64,124046,124047],{"class":329},"aaaa",[64,124049,3190],{"class":320},[64,124051,124052,124054,124056,124058,124060,124062,124064,124066,124069,124071],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,124053,125],{"class":108},[64,124055,112],{"class":78},[64,124057,34336],{"class":115},[64,124059,148],{"class":78},[64,124061,40893],{"class":115},[64,124063,112],{"class":78},[64,124065,2686],{"class":320},[64,124067,124068],{"class":329},"aa",[64,124070,2686],{"class":320},[64,124072,471],{"class":78},[20,124074,384],{},[55,124076,124077],{"className":57,"code":16674,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,124078,124079],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,124080,124081],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,124082,16674],{"class":82},[20,124084,124085,124086,148],{},"It does not return ",[15,124087,1892],{},[20,124089,124090],{},"Why not?",[20,124092,124093],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[30,124095,124096,124105],{},[33,124097,124098,124101,124102],{},[15,124099,124100],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124103,124104],{},"0-1",[33,124106,124107,124101,124109],{},[15,124108,124100],{},[15,124110,124111],{},"2-3",[20,124113,124114,124115,148],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124116,124117],{},"1-2",[50,124119,1471,124120],{"id":58013},[15,124121,56930],{},[20,124123,1923,124124,124126],{},[15,124125,56930],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124128,124129],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[30,124131,124132,124141,124151,124161],{},[33,124133,1923,124134,124136,124137,124140],{},[15,124135,56930],{}," when you need ",[221,124138,124139],{},"how many times"," something appears",[33,124142,1923,124143,124136,124147,124150],{},[285,124144,124145],{"href":124007},[15,124146,123992],{},[221,124148,124149],{},"where"," it appears",[33,124152,47447,124153,124157,124158],{},[285,124154,124155,101243],{"href":123252},[15,124156,375],{}," when you only need to know ",[221,124159,124160],{},"if it exists",[33,124162,1923,124163,124169],{},[285,124164,124166],{"href":124165},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124167,124168],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[50,124171,25565],{"id":25564},[20,124173,8480,124174,124176],{},[15,124175,56930],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[55,124178,124180],{"className":57,"code":124179,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124181,124182,124192,124206,124228,124254],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,124183,124184,124186,124188,124190],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,124185,125],{"class":108},[64,124187,112],{"class":78},[64,124189,34336],{"class":115},[64,124191,119],{"class":78},[64,124193,124194,124196,124198,124200,124202,124204],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,124195,125],{"class":108},[64,124197,112],{"class":78},[64,124199,3052],{"class":357},[64,124201,112],{"class":78},[64,124203,34336],{"class":115},[64,124205,471],{"class":78},[64,124207,124208,124210,124212,124214,124216,124218,124220,124222,124224,124226],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,124209,125],{"class":108},[64,124211,112],{"class":78},[64,124213,34336],{"class":115},[64,124215,148],{"class":78},[64,124217,40893],{"class":115},[64,124219,112],{"class":78},[64,124221,2686],{"class":320},[64,124223,285],{"class":329},[64,124225,2686],{"class":320},[64,124227,471],{"class":78},[64,124229,124230,124232,124234,124236,124238,124240,124242,124244,124246,124248,124250,124252],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,124231,125],{"class":108},[64,124233,112],{"class":78},[64,124235,34336],{"class":115},[64,124237,148],{"class":78},[64,124239,8244],{"class":115},[64,124241,8241],{"class":78},[64,124243,40893],{"class":115},[64,124245,112],{"class":78},[64,124247,2686],{"class":320},[64,124249,285],{"class":329},[64,124251,2686],{"class":320},[64,124253,471],{"class":78},[64,124255,124256,124258,124260,124262,124264,124266,124268,124270,124272,124274],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,124257,125],{"class":108},[64,124259,112],{"class":78},[64,124261,34336],{"class":115},[64,124263,148],{"class":78},[64,124265,40893],{"class":115},[64,124267,112],{"class":78},[64,124269,2686],{"class":320},[64,124271,123090],{"class":329},[64,124273,2686],{"class":320},[64,124275,471],{"class":78},[20,124277,124278],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[30,124280,124281,124284,124289,124292],{},[33,124282,124283],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[33,124285,124286,124288],{},[15,124287,34336],{}," not being a string",[33,124290,124291],{},"counting the wrong substring",[33,124293,124294],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124296,58502],{},[30,124298,124299,124302,124305,124308],{},[33,124300,124301],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[33,124303,124304],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[33,124306,124307],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[33,124309,50129,124310,44265,124312,212,124314,72953],{},[15,124311,56930],{},[15,124313,123992],{},[15,124315,375],{},[50,124317,1651],{"id":1650},[428,124319,124321,124322,124324],{"id":124320},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124323,56930],{}," change the original string?",[20,124326,124327],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[428,124329,14519,124331,124333],{"id":124330},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124332,56930],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124335,124336],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[428,124338,1655,124340,124342],{"id":124339},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124341,56930],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124344,1661,124345,148],{},[15,124346,243],{},[428,124348,1684,124350,124352],{"id":124349},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124351,56930],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124354,124355],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[428,124357,12317,124359,124361],{"id":124358},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124360,56930],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124363,124364],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[50,124366,1717],{"id":1716},[30,124368,124369,124376,124383,124390,124397],{},[33,124370,124371],{},[285,124372,124373],{"href":124007},[15,124374,124375],{},"Python string find() method",[33,124377,124378],{},[285,124379,124380],{"href":124017},[15,124381,124382],{},"Python string index() method",[33,124384,124385],{},[285,124386,124387],{"href":123724},[15,124388,124389],{},"Python string lower() method",[33,124391,124392],{},[285,124393,124394],{"href":123252},[15,124395,124396],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[33,124398,124399],{},[285,124400,124401],{"href":124165},[15,124402,124403],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1751,124405,124406],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":124408},[124409,124410,124412,124415,124416,124417,124418,124421,124422,124430,124431,124432,124444],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":123118,"depth":100,"text":124411},"What the count() method does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988,"children":124413},[124414],{"id":17012,"depth":122,"text":17013},{"id":17036,"depth":100,"text":17037},{"id":11085,"depth":100,"text":11086},{"id":123334,"depth":100,"text":123335},{"id":65048,"depth":100,"text":65831,"children":124419},[124420],{"id":123555,"depth":122,"text":123556},{"id":123643,"depth":100,"text":123644},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661,"children":124423},[124424,124426,124427,124429],{"id":123789,"depth":122,"text":124425},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":123899,"depth":122,"text":123900},{"id":123987,"depth":122,"text":124428},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124023,"depth":122,"text":124024},{"id":58013,"depth":100,"text":58644},{"id":25564,"depth":100,"text":25565},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":124433},[124434,124436,124438,124440,124442],{"id":124320,"depth":122,"text":124435},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124330,"depth":122,"text":124437},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124339,"depth":122,"text":124439},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124349,"depth":122,"text":124441},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124358,"depth":122,"text":124443},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":122991,"description":124445},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124452,"title":124453,"body":124454,"description":126039,"extension":1791,"meta":126040,"navigation":346,"path":126041,"seo":126042,"stem":126043,"__hash__":126044},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124455,"toc":126012},[124456,124459,124462,124559,124568,124570,124589,124593,124596,124599,124612,124615,124644,124649,124654,124712,124714,124747,124753,124757,124760,124763,124792,124795,124822,124825,124828,124832,124835,124842,124905,124907,124925,124928,124932,124935,124938,124980,124983,125027,125030,125033,125037,125042,125045,125088,125090,125113,125116,125149,125152,125201,125211,125215,125218,125221,125250,125253,125264,125266,125325,125328,125332,125335,125338,125353,125362,125365,125399,125402,125429,125432,125439,125441,125444,125446,125449,125463,125472,125474,125501,125505,125508,125522,125525,125584,125588,125591,125618,125621,125648,125656,125659,125719,125721,125754,125758,125761,125780,125785,125834,125839,125841,125844,125903,125921,125923,125927,125935,125939,125942,125946,125952,125956,125966,125970,125973,125975,126009],[10,124457,124453],{"id":124458},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124460,124461],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[55,124463,124465],{"className":57,"code":124464,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124466,124467,124479,124491,124500,124514,124518,124528,124538,124549],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,124468,124469,124471,124473,124475,124477],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,124470,7477],{"class":70},[64,124472,75],{"class":74},[64,124474,3184],{"class":320},[64,124476,1514],{"class":329},[64,124478,3190],{"class":320},[64,124480,124481,124483,124485,124487,124489],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,124482,89649],{"class":70},[64,124484,75],{"class":74},[64,124486,326],{"class":320},[64,124488,34495],{"class":329},[64,124490,29324],{"class":320},[64,124492,124493,124496,124498],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,124494,124495],{"class":70},"empty ",[64,124497,75],{"class":74},[64,124499,7482],{"class":320},[64,124501,124502,124504,124506,124508,124510,124512],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,124503,34315],{"class":70},[64,124505,75],{"class":74},[64,124507,48541],{"class":357},[64,124509,112],{"class":78},[64,124511,49883],{"class":82},[64,124513,119],{"class":78},[64,124515,124516],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,124517,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,124519,124520,124522,124524,124526],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,124521,125],{"class":108},[64,124523,112],{"class":78},[64,124525,7267],{"class":115},[64,124527,119],{"class":78},[64,124529,124530,124532,124534,124536],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,124531,125],{"class":108},[64,124533,112],{"class":78},[64,124535,89666],{"class":115},[64,124537,119],{"class":78},[64,124539,124540,124542,124544,124547],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,124541,125],{"class":108},[64,124543,112],{"class":78},[64,124545,124546],{"class":115},"empty",[64,124548,119],{"class":78},[64,124550,124551,124553,124555,124557],{"class":66,"line":6028},[64,124552,125],{"class":108},[64,124554,112],{"class":78},[64,124556,34336],{"class":115},[64,124558,119],{"class":78},[20,124560,124561,124564,124565,124567],{},[221,124562,124563],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124566,47320],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[50,124569,14779],{"id":14778},[30,124571,124572,124575,124578,124581,124586],{},[33,124573,124574],{},"What a string is in Python",[33,124576,124577],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[33,124579,124580],{},"How to create an empty string",[33,124582,124583,124584],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124585,47320],{},[33,124587,124588],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[50,124590,124592],{"id":124591},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124594,124595],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124597,124598],{},"Strings can contain:",[30,124600,124601,124604,124606,124609],{},[33,124602,124603],{},"Letters",[33,124605,56101],{},[33,124607,124608],{},"Spaces",[33,124610,124611],{},"Symbols",[20,124613,124614],{},"Examples of strings:",[55,124616,124618],{"className":57,"code":124617,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124619,124620,124628,124636],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,124621,124622,124624,124626],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,124623,2686],{"class":42963},[64,124625,330],{"class":42967},[64,124627,3190],{"class":42963},[64,124629,124630,124632,124634],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,124631,2686],{"class":42963},[64,124633,49883],{"class":42967},[64,124635,3190],{"class":42963},[64,124637,124638,124640,124642],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,124639,2686],{"class":42963},[64,124641,88791],{"class":42967},[64,124643,3190],{"class":42963},[20,124645,20598,124646,124648],{},[15,124647,49933],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124650,124651,124652,160],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124653,2131],{},[55,124655,124657],{"className":57,"code":124656,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124658,124659,124671,124680,124684,124698],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,124660,124661,124663,124665,124667,124669],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,124662,34315],{"class":70},[64,124664,75],{"class":74},[64,124666,3184],{"class":320},[64,124668,49883],{"class":329},[64,124670,3190],{"class":320},[64,124672,124673,124675,124677],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,124674,2048],{"class":70},[64,124676,75],{"class":74},[64,124678,124679],{"class":82}," 123\n",[64,124681,124682],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,124683,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,124685,124686,124688,124690,124692,124694,124696],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,124687,125],{"class":108},[64,124689,112],{"class":78},[64,124691,3052],{"class":357},[64,124693,112],{"class":78},[64,124695,34336],{"class":115},[64,124697,471],{"class":78},[64,124699,124700,124702,124704,124706,124708,124710],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,124701,125],{"class":108},[64,124703,112],{"class":78},[64,124705,3052],{"class":357},[64,124707,112],{"class":78},[64,124709,2069],{"class":115},[64,124711,471],{"class":78},[20,124713,384],{},[55,124715,124717],{"className":57,"code":124716,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124718,124719,124733],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,124720,124721,124723,124725,124727,124729,124731],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,124722,3121],{"class":74},[64,124724,3124],{"class":1895},[64,124726,326],{"class":320},[64,124728,3276],{"class":329},[64,124730,333],{"class":320},[64,124732,3133],{"class":74},[64,124734,124735,124737,124739,124741,124743,124745],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,124736,3121],{"class":74},[64,124738,3124],{"class":1895},[64,124740,326],{"class":320},[64,124742,2019],{"class":329},[64,124744,333],{"class":320},[64,124746,3133],{"class":74},[20,124748,124749,124750,148],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[285,124751,124752],{"href":50613},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[50,124754,124756],{"id":124755},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124758,124759],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124761,124762],{},"You can use single quotes:",[55,124764,124766],{"className":57,"code":124765,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124767,124768,124781],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,124769,124770,124773,124775,124777,124779],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,124771,124772],{"class":70},"greeting ",[64,124774,75],{"class":74},[64,124776,326],{"class":320},[64,124778,330],{"class":329},[64,124780,29324],{"class":320},[64,124782,124783,124785,124787,124790],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,124784,125],{"class":108},[64,124786,112],{"class":78},[64,124788,124789],{"class":115},"greeting",[64,124791,119],{"class":78},[20,124793,124794],{},"Or double quotes:",[55,124796,124798],{"className":57,"code":124797,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124799,124800,124812],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,124801,124802,124804,124806,124808,124810],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,124803,124772],{"class":70},[64,124805,75],{"class":74},[64,124807,3184],{"class":320},[64,124809,330],{"class":329},[64,124811,3190],{"class":320},[64,124813,124814,124816,124818,124820],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,124815,125],{"class":108},[64,124817,112],{"class":78},[64,124819,124789],{"class":115},[64,124821,119],{"class":78},[20,124823,124824],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,124826,124827],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[50,124829,124831],{"id":124830},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,124833,124834],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,124836,124837,124838,212,124840,160],{},"Use either ",[15,124839,5867],{},[15,124841,253],{},[55,124843,124845],{"className":57,"code":124844,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,124846,124847,124856,124865,124869,124880,124891],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,124848,124849,124852,124854],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,124850,124851],{"class":70},"empty1 ",[64,124853,75],{"class":74},[64,124855,7482],{"class":320},[64,124857,124858,124861,124863],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,124859,124860],{"class":70},"empty2 ",[64,124862,75],{"class":74},[64,124864,47132],{"class":320},[64,124866,124867],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,124868,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,124870,124871,124873,124875,124878],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,124872,125],{"class":108},[64,124874,112],{"class":78},[64,124876,124877],{"class":115},"empty1",[64,124879,119],{"class":78},[64,124881,124882,124884,124886,124889],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,124883,125],{"class":108},[64,124885,112],{"class":78},[64,124887,124888],{"class":115},"empty2",[64,124890,119],{"class":78},[64,124892,124893,124895,124897,124899,124901,124903],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,124894,125],{"class":108},[64,124896,112],{"class":78},[64,124898,3052],{"class":357},[64,124900,112],{"class":78},[64,124902,124877],{"class":115},[64,124904,471],{"class":78},[20,124906,384],{},[55,124908,124909],{"className":57,"code":45406,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,124910,124911],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,124912,124913,124915,124917,124919,124921,124923],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,124914,3121],{"class":74},[64,124916,3124],{"class":1895},[64,124918,326],{"class":320},[64,124920,3276],{"class":329},[64,124922,333],{"class":320},[64,124924,3133],{"class":74},[20,124926,124927],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[50,124929,124931],{"id":124930},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,124933,124934],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,124936,124937],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[55,124939,124941],{"className":57,"code":124940,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124942,124943,124954,124959,124966,124970],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,124944,124945,124947,124949,124952],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,124946,89649],{"class":70},[64,124948,75],{"class":74},[64,124950,124951],{"class":320}," \"\"\"",[64,124953,88591],{"class":329},[64,124955,124956],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,124957,124958],{"class":329},"Welcome to Python\n",[64,124960,124961,124964],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,124962,124963],{"class":329},"Have a nice day",[64,124965,42971],{"class":320},[64,124967,124968],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,124969,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,124971,124972,124974,124976,124978],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,124973,125],{"class":108},[64,124975,112],{"class":78},[64,124977,89666],{"class":115},[64,124979,119],{"class":78},[20,124981,124982],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[55,124984,124986],{"className":57,"code":124985,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124987,124988,125000,125005,125013,125017],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,124989,124990,124992,124994,124997],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,124991,89649],{"class":70},[64,124993,75],{"class":74},[64,124995,124996],{"class":320}," '''",[64,124998,124999],{"class":329},"Line 1\n",[64,125001,125002],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,125003,125004],{"class":329},"Line 2\n",[64,125006,125007,125010],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,125008,125009],{"class":329},"Line 3",[64,125011,125012],{"class":320},"'''\n",[64,125014,125015],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,125016,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,125018,125019,125021,125023,125025],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,125020,125],{"class":108},[64,125022,112],{"class":78},[64,125024,89666],{"class":115},[64,125026,119],{"class":78},[20,125028,125029],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125031,125032],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[50,125034,125036],{"id":125035},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125038,1808,125039,125041],{},[15,125040,47320],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125043,125044],{},"Example with a number:",[55,125046,125048],{"className":57,"code":125047,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125049,125050,125064,125074],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,125051,125052,125054,125056,125058,125060,125062],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125053,34315],{"class":70},[64,125055,75],{"class":74},[64,125057,48541],{"class":357},[64,125059,112],{"class":78},[64,125061,46162],{"class":82},[64,125063,119],{"class":78},[64,125065,125066,125068,125070,125072],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,125067,125],{"class":108},[64,125069,112],{"class":78},[64,125071,34336],{"class":115},[64,125073,119],{"class":78},[64,125075,125076,125078,125080,125082,125084,125086],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,125077,125],{"class":108},[64,125079,112],{"class":78},[64,125081,3052],{"class":357},[64,125083,112],{"class":78},[64,125085,34336],{"class":115},[64,125087,471],{"class":78},[20,125089,384],{},[55,125091,125093],{"className":57,"code":125092,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125094,125095,125099],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,125096,125097],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125098,46248],{"class":82},[64,125100,125101,125103,125105,125107,125109,125111],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,125102,3121],{"class":74},[64,125104,3124],{"class":1895},[64,125106,326],{"class":320},[64,125108,3276],{"class":329},[64,125110,333],{"class":320},[64,125112,3133],{"class":74},[20,125114,125115],{},"You can also convert other values:",[55,125117,125119],{"className":57,"code":125118,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125120,125121,125135],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,125122,125123,125125,125127,125129,125131,125133],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125124,125],{"class":108},[64,125126,112],{"class":78},[64,125128,3276],{"class":357},[64,125130,112],{"class":78},[64,125132,47],{"class":338},[64,125134,471],{"class":78},[64,125136,125137,125139,125141,125143,125145,125147],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,125138,125],{"class":108},[64,125140,112],{"class":78},[64,125142,3276],{"class":357},[64,125144,112],{"class":78},[64,125146,39776],{"class":82},[64,125148,471],{"class":78},[20,125150,125151],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[55,125153,125155],{"className":57,"code":125154,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125156,125157,125165,125187,125191],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,125158,125159,125161,125163],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125160,21249],{"class":70},[64,125162,75],{"class":74},[64,125164,44861],{"class":82},[64,125166,125167,125169,125171,125173,125175,125177,125179,125181,125183,125185],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,125168,89649],{"class":70},[64,125170,75],{"class":74},[64,125172,3184],{"class":320},[64,125174,89067],{"class":329},[64,125176,2686],{"class":320},[64,125178,2283],{"class":74},[64,125180,48541],{"class":357},[64,125182,112],{"class":78},[64,125184,8905],{"class":115},[64,125186,119],{"class":78},[64,125188,125189],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,125190,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,125192,125193,125195,125197,125199],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,125194,125],{"class":108},[64,125196,112],{"class":78},[64,125198,89666],{"class":115},[64,125200,119],{"class":78},[20,125202,125203,125204,212,125208,148],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[285,125205,13,125206,1713],{"href":41809},[15,125207,47320],{},[285,125209,125210],{"href":122922},"how to convert int to string in Python",[50,125212,125214],{"id":125213},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125216,125217],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125219,125220],{},"Both of these are valid:",[55,125222,125224],{"className":57,"code":125223,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125225,125226,125238],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,125227,125228,125230,125232,125234,125236],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125229,2384],{"class":70},[64,125231,75],{"class":74},[64,125233,326],{"class":320},[64,125235,6895],{"class":329},[64,125237,29324],{"class":320},[64,125239,125240,125242,125244,125246,125248],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,125241,2412],{"class":70},[64,125243,75],{"class":74},[64,125245,3184],{"class":320},[64,125247,6895],{"class":329},[64,125249,3190],{"class":320},[20,125251,125252],{},"A common rule is:",[30,125254,125255,125258,125261],{},[33,125256,125257],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[33,125259,125260],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[33,125262,125263],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125265,916],{},[55,125267,125269],{"className":57,"code":125268,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125270,125271,125285,125299,125303,125314],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,125272,125273,125276,125278,125280,125283],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125274,125275],{"class":70},"text1 ",[64,125277,75],{"class":74},[64,125279,3184],{"class":320},[64,125281,125282],{"class":329},"It's working",[64,125284,3190],{"class":320},[64,125286,125287,125290,125292,125294,125297],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,125288,125289],{"class":70},"text2 ",[64,125291,75],{"class":74},[64,125293,326],{"class":320},[64,125295,125296],{"class":329},"She said \"hello\"",[64,125298,29324],{"class":320},[64,125300,125301],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,125302,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,125304,125305,125307,125309,125312],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,125306,125],{"class":108},[64,125308,112],{"class":78},[64,125310,125311],{"class":115},"text1",[64,125313,119],{"class":78},[64,125315,125316,125318,125320,125323],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,125317,125],{"class":108},[64,125319,112],{"class":78},[64,125321,125322],{"class":115},"text2",[64,125324,119],{"class":78},[20,125326,125327],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[50,125329,125331],{"id":125330},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125333,125334],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125336,125337],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[55,125339,125341],{"className":57,"code":125340,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125342,125343,125348],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,125344,125345],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125346,125347],{"class":136},"# This will cause an error\n",[64,125349,125350],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,125351,125352],{"class":136},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125354,125355,125356,34958,125358,125361],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125357,333],{},[15,125359,125360],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125363,125364],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[55,125366,125368],{"className":57,"code":125367,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125369,125370,125389],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,125371,125372,125374,125376,125378,125381,125384,125387],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125373,34315],{"class":70},[64,125375,75],{"class":74},[64,125377,326],{"class":320},[64,125379,125380],{"class":329},"It",[64,125382,125383],{"class":34080},"\\'",[64,125385,125386],{"class":329},"s working",[64,125388,29324],{"class":320},[64,125390,125391,125393,125395,125397],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,125392,125],{"class":108},[64,125394,112],{"class":78},[64,125396,34336],{"class":115},[64,125398,119],{"class":78},[20,125400,125401],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[55,125403,125405],{"className":57,"code":125404,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125406,125407,125419],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,125408,125409,125411,125413,125415,125417],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125410,34315],{"class":70},[64,125412,75],{"class":74},[64,125414,3184],{"class":320},[64,125416,125282],{"class":329},[64,125418,3190],{"class":320},[64,125420,125421,125423,125425,125427],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,125422,125],{"class":108},[64,125424,112],{"class":78},[64,125426,34336],{"class":115},[64,125428,119],{"class":78},[20,125430,125431],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125433,125434,125435,148],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[285,125436,125438],{"href":125437},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[50,125440,2661],{"id":2660},[20,125442,125443],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[428,125445,89856],{"id":89855},[20,125447,125448],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[55,125450,125452],{"className":57,"code":125451,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125453,125454,125458],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,125455,125456],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125457,125347],{"class":136},[64,125459,125460],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,125461,125462],{"class":136},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125464,125465,125466,8205,125469,125471],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125467,125468],{},"NameError",[15,125470,1514],{}," is not defined.",[20,125473,10416],{},[55,125475,125477],{"className":57,"code":125476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125478,125479,125491],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,125480,125481,125483,125485,125487,125489],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125482,7477],{"class":70},[64,125484,75],{"class":74},[64,125486,3184],{"class":320},[64,125488,1514],{"class":329},[64,125490,3190],{"class":320},[64,125492,125493,125495,125497,125499],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,125494,125],{"class":108},[64,125496,112],{"class":78},[64,125498,7267],{"class":115},[64,125500,119],{"class":78},[428,125502,125504],{"id":125503},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125506,125507],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[55,125509,125511],{"className":57,"code":125510,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125512,125513,125517],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,125514,125515],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125516,125347],{"class":136},[64,125518,125519],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,125520,125521],{"class":136},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125523,125524],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[55,125526,125528],{"className":57,"code":125527,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125529,125530,125547,125560,125564,125574],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,125531,125532,125534,125536,125538,125540,125542,125545],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125533,125275],{"class":70},[64,125535,75],{"class":74},[64,125537,326],{"class":320},[64,125539,125380],{"class":329},[64,125541,125383],{"class":34080},[64,125543,125544],{"class":329},"s good",[64,125546,29324],{"class":320},[64,125548,125549,125551,125553,125555,125558],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,125550,125289],{"class":70},[64,125552,75],{"class":74},[64,125554,3184],{"class":320},[64,125556,125557],{"class":329},"It's good",[64,125559,3190],{"class":320},[64,125561,125562],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,125563,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,125565,125566,125568,125570,125572],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,125567,125],{"class":108},[64,125569,112],{"class":78},[64,125571,125311],{"class":115},[64,125573,119],{"class":78},[64,125575,125576,125578,125580,125582],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,125577,125],{"class":108},[64,125579,112],{"class":78},[64,125581,125322],{"class":115},[64,125583,119],{"class":78},[428,125585,125587],{"id":125586},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125589,125590],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[55,125592,125594],{"className":57,"code":125593,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125595,125596,125608],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,125597,125598,125600,125602,125604,125606],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125599,34315],{"class":70},[64,125601,75],{"class":74},[64,125603,124951],{"class":320},[64,125605,330],{"class":329},[64,125607,42971],{"class":320},[64,125609,125610,125612,125614,125616],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,125611,125],{"class":108},[64,125613,112],{"class":78},[64,125615,34336],{"class":115},[64,125617,119],{"class":78},[20,125619,125620],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[55,125622,125624],{"className":57,"code":125623,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125625,125626,125638],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,125627,125628,125630,125632,125634,125636],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125629,34315],{"class":70},[64,125631,75],{"class":74},[64,125633,3184],{"class":320},[64,125635,330],{"class":329},[64,125637,3190],{"class":320},[64,125639,125640,125642,125644,125646],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,125641,125],{"class":108},[64,125643,112],{"class":78},[64,125645,34336],{"class":115},[64,125647,119],{"class":78},[428,125649,1085,125651,896,125653,125655],{"id":125650},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125652,49883],{},[15,125654,49933],{}," are the same type",[20,125657,125658],{},"They are different:",[55,125660,125662],{"className":57,"code":125661,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125663,125664,125673,125686,125690,125704],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,125665,125666,125669,125671],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125667,125668],{"class":70},"value1 ",[64,125670,75],{"class":74},[64,125672,124679],{"class":82},[64,125674,125675,125678,125680,125682,125684],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,125676,125677],{"class":70},"value2 ",[64,125679,75],{"class":74},[64,125681,3184],{"class":320},[64,125683,49883],{"class":329},[64,125685,3190],{"class":320},[64,125687,125688],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,125689,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,125691,125692,125694,125696,125698,125700,125702],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,125693,125],{"class":108},[64,125695,112],{"class":78},[64,125697,3052],{"class":357},[64,125699,112],{"class":78},[64,125701,84412],{"class":115},[64,125703,471],{"class":78},[64,125705,125706,125708,125710,125712,125714,125717],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,125707,125],{"class":108},[64,125709,112],{"class":78},[64,125711,3052],{"class":357},[64,125713,112],{"class":78},[64,125715,125716],{"class":115},"value2",[64,125718,471],{"class":78},[20,125720,384],{},[55,125722,125724],{"className":57,"code":125723,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125725,125726,125740],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,125727,125728,125730,125732,125734,125736,125738],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125729,3121],{"class":74},[64,125731,3124],{"class":1895},[64,125733,326],{"class":320},[64,125735,2019],{"class":329},[64,125737,333],{"class":320},[64,125739,3133],{"class":74},[64,125741,125742,125744,125746,125748,125750,125752],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,125743,3121],{"class":74},[64,125745,3124],{"class":1895},[64,125747,326],{"class":320},[64,125749,3276],{"class":329},[64,125751,333],{"class":320},[64,125753,3133],{"class":74},[428,125755,125757],{"id":125756},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125759,125760],{},"This causes a type error:",[55,125762,125764],{"className":57,"code":125763,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125765,125766,125770,125775],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,125767,125768],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125769,125347],{"class":136},[64,125771,125772],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,125773,125774],{"class":136},"# age = 10\n",[64,125776,125777],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,125778,125779],{"class":136},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125781,125782,125783,160],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125784,47320],{},[55,125786,125788],{"className":57,"code":125787,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125789,125790,125798,125820,125824],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,125791,125792,125794,125796],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125793,21249],{"class":70},[64,125795,75],{"class":74},[64,125797,2417],{"class":82},[64,125799,125800,125802,125804,125806,125808,125810,125812,125814,125816,125818],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,125801,89649],{"class":70},[64,125803,75],{"class":74},[64,125805,3184],{"class":320},[64,125807,89067],{"class":329},[64,125809,2686],{"class":320},[64,125811,2283],{"class":74},[64,125813,48541],{"class":357},[64,125815,112],{"class":78},[64,125817,8905],{"class":115},[64,125819,119],{"class":78},[64,125821,125822],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,125823,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,125825,125826,125828,125830,125832],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,125827,125],{"class":108},[64,125829,112],{"class":78},[64,125831,89666],{"class":115},[64,125833,119],{"class":78},[20,125835,125836,125837,148],{},"For this specific error, see ",[285,125838,90048],{"href":90047},[428,125840,60351],{"id":60350},[20,125842,125843],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[55,125845,125847],{"className":57,"code":125846,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,125848,125849,125861,125865,125875,125889],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,125850,125851,125853,125855,125857,125859],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,125852,34315],{"class":70},[64,125854,75],{"class":74},[64,125856,3184],{"class":320},[64,125858,330],{"class":329},[64,125860,3190],{"class":320},[64,125862,125863],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,125864,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,125866,125867,125869,125871,125873],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,125868,125],{"class":108},[64,125870,112],{"class":78},[64,125872,34336],{"class":115},[64,125874,119],{"class":78},[64,125876,125877,125879,125881,125883,125885,125887],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,125878,125],{"class":108},[64,125880,112],{"class":78},[64,125882,3052],{"class":357},[64,125884,112],{"class":78},[64,125886,34336],{"class":115},[64,125888,471],{"class":78},[64,125890,125891,125893,125895,125897,125899,125901],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,125892,125],{"class":108},[64,125894,112],{"class":78},[64,125896,41413],{"class":108},[64,125898,112],{"class":78},[64,125900,34336],{"class":115},[64,125902,471],{"class":78},[30,125904,125905,125910,125915],{},[33,125906,125907,45914],{},[15,125908,125909],{},"print(text)",[33,125911,125912,45919],{},[15,125913,125914],{},"print(type(text))",[33,125916,125917,125920],{},[15,125918,125919],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[50,125922,1651],{"id":1650},[428,125924,125926],{"id":125925},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,125928,125929,125930,212,125933,148],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,125931,125932],{},"'hello'",[15,125934,64176],{},[428,125936,125938],{"id":125937},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,125940,125941],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[428,125943,125945],{"id":125944},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,125947,1923,125948,212,125950,148],{},[15,125949,5867],{},[15,125951,253],{},[428,125953,125955],{"id":125954},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,125957,1923,125958,125960,125961,125963,125964,148],{},[15,125959,47320],{},", like ",[15,125962,80022],{},", which returns ",[15,125965,41760],{},[428,125967,125969],{"id":125968},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,125971,125972],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[50,125974,1717],{"id":1716},[30,125976,125977,125981,125987,125992,126001,126005],{},[33,125978,125979],{},[285,125980,124752],{"href":50613},[33,125982,125983],{},[285,125984,13,125985,1713],{"href":41809},[15,125986,47320],{},[33,125988,125989],{},[285,125990,125991],{"href":122922},"How to convert int to string in Python",[33,125993,125994],{},[285,125995,125997,125998,10349],{"href":125996},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,125999,126000],{},"format()",[33,126002,126003],{},[285,126004,125438],{"href":125437},[33,126006,126007],{},[285,126008,90048],{"href":90047},[1751,126010,126011],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":126013},[126014,126015,126016,126017,126018,126019,126020,126021,126022,126031,126038],{"id":14778,"depth":100,"text":14779},{"id":124591,"depth":100,"text":124592},{"id":124755,"depth":100,"text":124756},{"id":124830,"depth":100,"text":124831},{"id":124930,"depth":100,"text":124931},{"id":125035,"depth":100,"text":125036},{"id":125213,"depth":100,"text":125214},{"id":125330,"depth":100,"text":125331},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661,"children":126023},[126024,126025,126026,126027,126029,126030],{"id":89855,"depth":122,"text":89856},{"id":125503,"depth":122,"text":125504},{"id":125586,"depth":122,"text":125587},{"id":125650,"depth":122,"text":126028},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125756,"depth":122,"text":125757},{"id":60350,"depth":122,"text":60351},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":126032},[126033,126034,126035,126036,126037],{"id":125925,"depth":122,"text":125926},{"id":125937,"depth":122,"text":125938},{"id":125944,"depth":122,"text":125945},{"id":125954,"depth":122,"text":125955},{"id":125968,"depth":122,"text":125969},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124453,"description":126039},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126046,"title":126047,"body":126048,"description":127962,"extension":1791,"meta":127963,"navigation":346,"path":127964,"seo":127965,"stem":127966,"__hash__":127967},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126049,"toc":127923},[126050,126056,126061,126069,126071,126138,126140,126152,126161,126166,126170,126187,126189,126254,126256,126268,126273,126275,126303,126324,126327,126366,126368,126376,126380,126384,126388,126396,126399,126440,126442,126450,126453,126510,126512,126520,126524,126529,126573,126575,126583,126592,126596,126601,126649,126651,126659,126665,126667,126671,126683,126688,126767,126769,126789,126793,126797,126837,126839,126847,126851,126894,126896,126904,126908,126948,126950,126958,126962,127018,127020,127028,127034,127036,127040,127050,127117,127119,127132,127139,127182,127184,127192,127196,127199,127255,127257,127265,127268,127270,127347,127349,127357,127366,127368,127372,127376,127378,127400,127403,127450,127454,127493,127495,127503,127505,127547,127554,127559,127621,127623,127635,127641,127646,127695,127697,127716,127722,127724,127743,127745,127836,127838,127844,127851,127857,127863,127868,127877,127884,127892,127894,127920],[10,126051,122997,126053,10932],{"id":126052},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126054,126055],{},"endswith()",[20,126057,123002,126058,126060],{},[15,126059,126055],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126062,126063,126064,212,126066,126068],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126065,47],{},[15,126067,147],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[50,126070,1833],{"id":1832},[55,126072,126074],{"className":57,"code":126073,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126075,126076,126090,126115],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,126077,126078,126081,126083,126085,126088],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126079,126080],{"class":70},"filename ",[64,126082,75],{"class":74},[64,126084,3184],{"class":320},[64,126086,126087],{"class":329},"report.csv",[64,126089,3190],{"class":320},[64,126091,126092,126094,126096,126099,126101,126104,126106,126108,126111,126113],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,126093,125],{"class":108},[64,126095,112],{"class":78},[64,126097,126098],{"class":115},"filename",[64,126100,148],{"class":78},[64,126102,126103],{"class":115},"endswith",[64,126105,112],{"class":78},[64,126107,2686],{"class":320},[64,126109,126110],{"class":329},".csv",[64,126112,2686],{"class":320},[64,126114,471],{"class":78},[64,126116,126117,126119,126121,126123,126125,126127,126129,126131,126134,126136],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,126118,125],{"class":108},[64,126120,112],{"class":78},[64,126122,126098],{"class":115},[64,126124,148],{"class":78},[64,126126,126103],{"class":115},[64,126128,112],{"class":78},[64,126130,2686],{"class":320},[64,126132,126133],{"class":329},".txt",[64,126135,2686],{"class":320},[64,126137,471],{"class":78},[20,126139,384],{},[55,126141,126142],{"className":57,"code":43809,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,126143,126144,126148],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,126145,126146],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126147,476],{"class":338},[64,126149,126150],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,126151,537],{"class":338},[20,126153,1923,126154,4962,126156,212,126158,126160],{},[15,126155,126055],{},[15,126157,47],{},[15,126159,147],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[50,126162,152,126164,155],{"id":126163},"what-endswith-does",[15,126165,126055],{},[20,126167,126168,160],{},[15,126169,126055],{},[30,126171,126172,126175,126181,126184],{},[33,126173,126174],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[33,126176,11034,126177,212,126179],{},[15,126178,47],{},[15,126180,147],{},[33,126182,126183],{},"Does not change the original string",[33,126185,126186],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126188,916],{},[55,126190,126192],{"className":57,"code":126191,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126193,126194,126206,126210,126232],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,126195,126196,126198,126200,126202,126204],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126197,34315],{"class":70},[64,126199,75],{"class":74},[64,126201,3184],{"class":320},[64,126203,60047],{"class":329},[64,126205,3190],{"class":320},[64,126207,126208],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,126209,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,126211,126212,126214,126216,126218,126220,126222,126224,126226,126228,126230],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,126213,125],{"class":108},[64,126215,112],{"class":78},[64,126217,34336],{"class":115},[64,126219,148],{"class":78},[64,126221,126103],{"class":115},[64,126223,112],{"class":78},[64,126225,2686],{"class":320},[64,126227,60232],{"class":329},[64,126229,2686],{"class":320},[64,126231,471],{"class":78},[64,126233,126234,126236,126238,126240,126242,126244,126246,126248,126250,126252],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,126235,125],{"class":108},[64,126237,112],{"class":78},[64,126239,34336],{"class":115},[64,126241,148],{"class":78},[64,126243,126103],{"class":115},[64,126245,112],{"class":78},[64,126247,2686],{"class":320},[64,126249,330],{"class":329},[64,126251,2686],{"class":320},[64,126253,471],{"class":78},[20,126255,384],{},[55,126257,126258],{"className":57,"code":43809,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,126259,126260,126264],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,126261,126262],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126263,476],{"class":338},[64,126265,126266],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,126267,537],{"class":338},[20,126269,126270,126271,148],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[285,126272,124752],{"href":50613},[50,126274,1988],{"id":1987},[55,126276,126278],{"className":57,"code":126277,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126279,126280],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,126281,126282,126284,126286,126288,126290,126293,126295,126297,126299,126301],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126283,60815],{"class":70},[64,126285,148],{"class":78},[64,126287,126103],{"class":115},[64,126289,112],{"class":78},[64,126291,126292],{"class":115},"suffix",[64,126294,86],{"class":78},[64,126296,35681],{"class":115},[64,126298,86],{"class":78},[64,126300,64682],{"class":115},[64,126302,119],{"class":78},[30,126304,126305,126310,126317],{},[33,126306,126307,126309],{},[15,126308,126292],{}," is required",[33,126311,126312,896,126314,126316],{},[15,126313,35702],{},[15,126315,52299],{}," are optional",[33,126318,126319,896,126321,126323],{},[15,126320,35702],{},[15,126322,52299],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126325,126326],{},"Basic example:",[55,126328,126330],{"className":57,"code":126329,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126331,126332,126344],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,126333,126334,126336,126338,126340,126342],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126335,126080],{"class":70},[64,126337,75],{"class":74},[64,126339,3184],{"class":320},[64,126341,86537],{"class":329},[64,126343,3190],{"class":320},[64,126345,126346,126348,126350,126352,126354,126356,126358,126360,126362,126364],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,126347,125],{"class":108},[64,126349,112],{"class":78},[64,126351,126098],{"class":115},[64,126353,148],{"class":78},[64,126355,126103],{"class":115},[64,126357,112],{"class":78},[64,126359,2686],{"class":320},[64,126361,126133],{"class":329},[64,126363,2686],{"class":320},[64,126365,471],{"class":78},[20,126367,384],{},[55,126369,126370],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,126371,126372],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,126373,126374],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126375,476],{"class":338},[50,126377,126379],{"id":126378},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[428,126381,126382],{"id":126292},[15,126383,126292],{},[20,126385,126386,30375],{},[15,126387,126292],{},[30,126389,126390,126393],{},[33,126391,126392],{},"A single string",[33,126394,126395],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126397,126398],{},"Single suffix:",[55,126400,126402],{"className":57,"code":126401,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126403,126404,126417],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,126405,126406,126408,126410,126412,126415],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126407,7477],{"class":70},[64,126409,75],{"class":74},[64,126411,3184],{"class":320},[64,126413,126414],{"class":329},"image.png",[64,126416,3190],{"class":320},[64,126418,126419,126421,126423,126425,126427,126429,126431,126433,126436,126438],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,126420,125],{"class":108},[64,126422,112],{"class":78},[64,126424,7267],{"class":115},[64,126426,148],{"class":78},[64,126428,126103],{"class":115},[64,126430,112],{"class":78},[64,126432,2686],{"class":320},[64,126434,126435],{"class":329},".png",[64,126437,2686],{"class":320},[64,126439,471],{"class":78},[20,126441,384],{},[55,126443,126444],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,126445,126446],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,126447,126448],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126449,476],{"class":338},[20,126451,126452],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[55,126454,126456],{"className":57,"code":126455,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126457,126458,126470],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,126459,126460,126462,126464,126466,126468],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126461,7477],{"class":70},[64,126463,75],{"class":74},[64,126465,3184],{"class":320},[64,126467,126414],{"class":329},[64,126469,3190],{"class":320},[64,126471,126472,126474,126476,126478,126480,126482,126484,126486,126489,126491,126493,126495,126497,126499,126501,126503,126506,126508],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,126473,125],{"class":108},[64,126475,112],{"class":78},[64,126477,7267],{"class":115},[64,126479,148],{"class":78},[64,126481,126103],{"class":115},[64,126483,5104],{"class":78},[64,126485,2686],{"class":320},[64,126487,126488],{"class":329},".jpg",[64,126490,2686],{"class":320},[64,126492,86],{"class":78},[64,126494,3184],{"class":320},[64,126496,126435],{"class":329},[64,126498,2686],{"class":320},[64,126500,86],{"class":78},[64,126502,3184],{"class":320},[64,126504,126505],{"class":329},".gif",[64,126507,2686],{"class":320},[64,126509,2744],{"class":78},[20,126511,384],{},[55,126513,126514],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,126515,126516],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,126517,126518],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126519,476],{"class":338},[428,126521,126522],{"id":35702},[15,126523,35702],{},[20,126525,126526,126528],{},[15,126527,35702],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[55,126530,126532],{"className":57,"code":126531,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126533,126534,126547],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,126535,126536,126538,126540,126542,126545],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126537,34315],{"class":70},[64,126539,75],{"class":74},[64,126541,3184],{"class":320},[64,126543,126544],{"class":329},"my_report.csv",[64,126546,3190],{"class":320},[64,126548,126549,126551,126553,126555,126557,126559,126561,126563,126565,126567,126569,126571],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,126550,125],{"class":108},[64,126552,112],{"class":78},[64,126554,34336],{"class":115},[64,126556,148],{"class":78},[64,126558,126103],{"class":115},[64,126560,112],{"class":78},[64,126562,2686],{"class":320},[64,126564,126110],{"class":329},[64,126566,2686],{"class":320},[64,126568,86],{"class":78},[64,126570,94],{"class":82},[64,126572,471],{"class":78},[20,126574,384],{},[55,126576,126577],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,126578,126579],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,126580,126581],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126582,476],{"class":338},[20,126584,126585,126586,126588,126589,148],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126587,1892],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126590,126591],{},"\"report.csv\"",[428,126593,126594],{"id":52299},[15,126595,52299],{},[20,126597,126598,126600],{},[15,126599,52299],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[55,126602,126604],{"className":57,"code":126603,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126605,126606,126619],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,126607,126608,126610,126612,126614,126617],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126609,34315],{"class":70},[64,126611,75],{"class":74},[64,126613,3184],{"class":320},[64,126615,126616],{"class":329},"report.csv backup",[64,126618,3190],{"class":320},[64,126620,126621,126623,126625,126627,126629,126631,126633,126635,126637,126639,126641,126643,126645,126647],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,126622,125],{"class":108},[64,126624,112],{"class":78},[64,126626,34336],{"class":115},[64,126628,148],{"class":78},[64,126630,126103],{"class":115},[64,126632,112],{"class":78},[64,126634,2686],{"class":320},[64,126636,126110],{"class":329},[64,126638,2686],{"class":320},[64,126640,86],{"class":78},[64,126642,315],{"class":82},[64,126644,86],{"class":78},[64,126646,5599],{"class":82},[64,126648,471],{"class":78},[20,126650,384],{},[55,126652,126653],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,126654,126655],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,126656,126657],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126658,476],{"class":338},[20,126660,126661,126662,126664],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126663,126591],{}," and ignores the rest.",[50,126666,17037],{"id":17036},[20,126668,126669,25131],{},[15,126670,126055],{},[30,126672,126673,126678],{},[33,126674,126675,126677],{},[15,126676,47],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[33,126679,126680,126682],{},[15,126681,147],{}," if it does not",[20,126684,126685,126686,6770],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126687,6595],{},[55,126689,126691],{"className":57,"code":126690,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126692,126693,126706,126710,126731,126746,126752],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,126694,126695,126697,126699,126701,126704],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126696,126080],{"class":70},[64,126698,75],{"class":74},[64,126700,3184],{"class":320},[64,126702,126703],{"class":329},"data.csv",[64,126705,3190],{"class":320},[64,126707,126708],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,126709,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,126711,126712,126714,126717,126719,126721,126723,126725,126727,126729],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,126713,6595],{"class":368},[64,126715,126716],{"class":70}," filename",[64,126718,148],{"class":78},[64,126720,126103],{"class":115},[64,126722,112],{"class":78},[64,126724,2686],{"class":320},[64,126726,126110],{"class":329},[64,126728,2686],{"class":320},[64,126730,7944],{"class":78},[64,126732,126733,126735,126737,126739,126742,126744],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,126734,7670],{"class":108},[64,126736,112],{"class":78},[64,126738,2686],{"class":320},[64,126740,126741],{"class":329},"This is a CSV file.",[64,126743,2686],{"class":320},[64,126745,119],{"class":78},[64,126747,126748,126750],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,126749,27057],{"class":368},[64,126751,5989],{"class":78},[64,126753,126754,126756,126758,126760,126763,126765],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,126755,7670],{"class":108},[64,126757,112],{"class":78},[64,126759,2686],{"class":320},[64,126761,126762],{"class":329},"This is not a CSV file.",[64,126764,2686],{"class":320},[64,126766,119],{"class":78},[20,126768,384],{},[55,126770,126772],{"className":57,"code":126771,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126773,126774],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,126775,126776,126778,126780,126782,126785,126787],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126777,49516],{"class":70},[64,126779,11806],{"class":74},[64,126781,44180],{"class":70},[64,126783,126784],{"class":34080},"CSV",[64,126786,86278],{"class":86277},[64,126788,122029],{"class":78},[50,126790,126792],{"id":126791},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[428,126794,126796],{"id":126795},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[55,126798,126800],{"className":57,"code":126799,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126801,126802,126815],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,126803,126804,126806,126808,126810,126813],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126805,126080],{"class":70},[64,126807,75],{"class":74},[64,126809,3184],{"class":320},[64,126811,126812],{"class":329},"sales.csv",[64,126814,3190],{"class":320},[64,126816,126817,126819,126821,126823,126825,126827,126829,126831,126833,126835],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,126818,125],{"class":108},[64,126820,112],{"class":78},[64,126822,126098],{"class":115},[64,126824,148],{"class":78},[64,126826,126103],{"class":115},[64,126828,112],{"class":78},[64,126830,2686],{"class":320},[64,126832,126110],{"class":329},[64,126834,2686],{"class":320},[64,126836,471],{"class":78},[20,126838,384],{},[55,126840,126841],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,126842,126843],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,126844,126845],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126846,476],{"class":338},[428,126848,126850],{"id":126849},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[55,126852,126854],{"className":57,"code":126853,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,126855,126856,126870],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,126857,126858,126861,126863,126865,126868],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126859,126860],{"class":70},"url ",[64,126862,75],{"class":74},[64,126864,3184],{"class":320},[64,126866,126867],{"class":329},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[64,126869,3190],{"class":320},[64,126871,126872,126874,126876,126879,126881,126883,126885,126887,126890,126892],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,126873,125],{"class":108},[64,126875,112],{"class":78},[64,126877,126878],{"class":115},"url",[64,126880,148],{"class":78},[64,126882,126103],{"class":115},[64,126884,112],{"class":78},[64,126886,2686],{"class":320},[64,126888,126889],{"class":329},"\u002F",[64,126891,2686],{"class":320},[64,126893,471],{"class":78},[20,126895,384],{},[55,126897,126898],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,126899,126900],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,126901,126902],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126903,476],{"class":338},[428,126905,126907],{"id":126906},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[55,126909,126911],{"className":57,"code":126910,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,126912,126913,126926],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,126914,126915,126917,126919,126921,126924],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126916,89649],{"class":70},[64,126918,75],{"class":74},[64,126920,3184],{"class":320},[64,126922,126923],{"class":329},"Hello!",[64,126925,3190],{"class":320},[64,126927,126928,126930,126932,126934,126936,126938,126940,126942,126944,126946],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,126929,125],{"class":108},[64,126931,112],{"class":78},[64,126933,89666],{"class":115},[64,126935,148],{"class":78},[64,126937,126103],{"class":115},[64,126939,112],{"class":78},[64,126941,2686],{"class":320},[64,126943,89490],{"class":329},[64,126945,2686],{"class":320},[64,126947,471],{"class":78},[20,126949,384],{},[55,126951,126952],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,126953,126954],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,126955,126956],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126957,476],{"class":338},[428,126959,126961],{"id":126960},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[55,126963,126965],{"className":57,"code":126964,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126966,126967,126980],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,126968,126969,126971,126973,126975,126978],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,126970,126080],{"class":70},[64,126972,75],{"class":74},[64,126974,3184],{"class":320},[64,126976,126977],{"class":329},"photo.jpg",[64,126979,3190],{"class":320},[64,126981,126982,126984,126986,126988,126990,126992,126994,126996,126998,127000,127002,127004,127006,127008,127010,127012,127014,127016],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,126983,125],{"class":108},[64,126985,112],{"class":78},[64,126987,126098],{"class":115},[64,126989,148],{"class":78},[64,126991,126103],{"class":115},[64,126993,5104],{"class":78},[64,126995,2686],{"class":320},[64,126997,126488],{"class":329},[64,126999,2686],{"class":320},[64,127001,86],{"class":78},[64,127003,3184],{"class":320},[64,127005,126435],{"class":329},[64,127007,2686],{"class":320},[64,127009,86],{"class":78},[64,127011,3184],{"class":320},[64,127013,126505],{"class":329},[64,127015,2686],{"class":320},[64,127017,2744],{"class":78},[20,127019,384],{},[55,127021,127022],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,127023,127024],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,127025,127026],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127027,476],{"class":338},[20,127029,127030,127031,148],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[285,127032,127033],{"href":123252},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[50,127035,123644],{"id":123643},[20,127037,127038,123455],{},[15,127039,126055],{},[20,127041,127042,127043,896,127046,127049],{},"That means ",[15,127044,127045],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127047,127048],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[55,127051,127053],{"className":57,"code":127052,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127054,127055,127068,127072,127094],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,127056,127057,127059,127061,127063,127066],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127058,126080],{"class":70},[64,127060,75],{"class":74},[64,127062,3184],{"class":320},[64,127064,127065],{"class":329},"REPORT.CSV",[64,127067,3190],{"class":320},[64,127069,127070],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,127071,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,127073,127074,127076,127078,127080,127082,127084,127086,127088,127090,127092],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,127075,125],{"class":108},[64,127077,112],{"class":78},[64,127079,126098],{"class":115},[64,127081,148],{"class":78},[64,127083,126103],{"class":115},[64,127085,112],{"class":78},[64,127087,2686],{"class":320},[64,127089,126110],{"class":329},[64,127091,2686],{"class":320},[64,127093,471],{"class":78},[64,127095,127096,127098,127100,127102,127104,127106,127108,127110,127113,127115],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,127097,125],{"class":108},[64,127099,112],{"class":78},[64,127101,126098],{"class":115},[64,127103,148],{"class":78},[64,127105,126103],{"class":115},[64,127107,112],{"class":78},[64,127109,2686],{"class":320},[64,127111,127112],{"class":329},".CSV",[64,127114,2686],{"class":320},[64,127116,471],{"class":78},[20,127118,384],{},[55,127120,127122],{"className":57,"code":127121,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127123,127124,127128],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,127125,127126],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127127,537],{"class":338},[64,127129,127130],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,127131,476],{"class":338},[20,127133,127134,127135,148],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[285,127136,127137],{"href":123724},[15,127138,123727],{},[55,127140,127142],{"className":57,"code":127141,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127143,127144,127156],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,127145,127146,127148,127150,127152,127154],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127147,126080],{"class":70},[64,127149,75],{"class":74},[64,127151,3184],{"class":320},[64,127153,127065],{"class":329},[64,127155,3190],{"class":320},[64,127157,127158,127160,127162,127164,127166,127168,127170,127172,127174,127176,127178,127180],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,127159,125],{"class":108},[64,127161,112],{"class":78},[64,127163,126098],{"class":115},[64,127165,148],{"class":78},[64,127167,8244],{"class":115},[64,127169,8241],{"class":78},[64,127171,126103],{"class":115},[64,127173,112],{"class":78},[64,127175,2686],{"class":320},[64,127177,126110],{"class":329},[64,127179,2686],{"class":320},[64,127181,471],{"class":78},[20,127183,384],{},[55,127185,127186],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,127187,127188],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,127189,127190],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127191,476],{"class":338},[50,127193,127195],{"id":127194},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127197,127198],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[55,127200,127202],{"className":57,"code":127201,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127203,127204,127217],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,127205,127206,127208,127210,127212,127215],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127207,126080],{"class":70},[64,127209,75],{"class":74},[64,127211,3184],{"class":320},[64,127213,127214],{"class":329},"picture.gif",[64,127216,3190],{"class":320},[64,127218,127219,127221,127223,127225,127227,127229,127231,127233,127235,127237,127239,127241,127243,127245,127247,127249,127251,127253],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,127220,125],{"class":108},[64,127222,112],{"class":78},[64,127224,126098],{"class":115},[64,127226,148],{"class":78},[64,127228,126103],{"class":115},[64,127230,5104],{"class":78},[64,127232,2686],{"class":320},[64,127234,126488],{"class":329},[64,127236,2686],{"class":320},[64,127238,86],{"class":78},[64,127240,3184],{"class":320},[64,127242,126435],{"class":329},[64,127244,2686],{"class":320},[64,127246,86],{"class":78},[64,127248,3184],{"class":320},[64,127250,126505],{"class":329},[64,127252,2686],{"class":320},[64,127254,2744],{"class":78},[20,127256,384],{},[55,127258,127259],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,127260,127261],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,127262,127263],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127264,476],{"class":338},[20,127266,127267],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127269,51718],{},[55,127271,127273],{"className":57,"code":127272,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127274,127275,127288,127323,127327],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,127276,127277,127280,127282,127284,127286],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127278,127279],{"class":70},"document ",[64,127281,75],{"class":74},[64,127283,3184],{"class":320},[64,127285,86537],{"class":329},[64,127287,3190],{"class":320},[64,127289,127290,127293,127295,127297,127299,127301,127303,127305,127307,127310,127312,127314,127316,127319,127321],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,127291,127292],{"class":70},"allowed ",[64,127294,75],{"class":74},[64,127296,8842],{"class":78},[64,127298,2686],{"class":320},[64,127300,126133],{"class":329},[64,127302,2686],{"class":320},[64,127304,86],{"class":78},[64,127306,3184],{"class":320},[64,127308,127309],{"class":329},".md",[64,127311,2686],{"class":320},[64,127313,86],{"class":78},[64,127315,3184],{"class":320},[64,127317,127318],{"class":329},".docx",[64,127320,2686],{"class":320},[64,127322,119],{"class":78},[64,127324,127325],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,127326,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,127328,127329,127331,127333,127336,127338,127340,127342,127345],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,127330,125],{"class":108},[64,127332,112],{"class":78},[64,127334,127335],{"class":115},"document",[64,127337,148],{"class":78},[64,127339,126103],{"class":115},[64,127341,112],{"class":78},[64,127343,127344],{"class":115},"allowed",[64,127346,471],{"class":78},[20,127348,384],{},[55,127350,127351],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,127352,127353],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,127354,127355],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127356,476],{"class":338},[20,127358,127359,127360,148],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[285,127361,125997,127363,10349],{"href":127362},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127364,127365],{},"startswith()",[50,127367,2661],{"id":2660},[20,127369,8050,127370,148],{},[15,127371,126055],{},[428,127373,127375],{"id":127374},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127377,1030],{},[55,127379,127381],{"className":57,"code":127380,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127382,127383,127395],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,127384,127385,127387,127389,127391,127393],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127386,126080],{"class":70},[64,127388,75],{"class":74},[64,127390,3184],{"class":320},[64,127392,126977],{"class":329},[64,127394,3190],{"class":320},[64,127396,127397],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,127398,127399],{"class":136},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127401,127402],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[55,127404,127406],{"className":57,"code":127405,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127407,127408,127420],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,127409,127410,127412,127414,127416,127418],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127411,126080],{"class":70},[64,127413,75],{"class":74},[64,127415,3184],{"class":320},[64,127417,126977],{"class":329},[64,127419,3190],{"class":320},[64,127421,127422,127424,127426,127428,127430,127432,127434,127436,127438,127440,127442,127444,127446,127448],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,127423,125],{"class":108},[64,127425,112],{"class":78},[64,127427,126098],{"class":115},[64,127429,148],{"class":78},[64,127431,126103],{"class":115},[64,127433,5104],{"class":78},[64,127435,2686],{"class":320},[64,127437,126488],{"class":329},[64,127439,2686],{"class":320},[64,127441,86],{"class":78},[64,127443,3184],{"class":320},[64,127445,126435],{"class":329},[64,127447,2686],{"class":320},[64,127449,2744],{"class":78},[428,127451,127453],{"id":127452},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[55,127455,127457],{"className":57,"code":127456,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127458,127459,127471],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,127460,127461,127463,127465,127467,127469],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127462,126080],{"class":70},[64,127464,75],{"class":74},[64,127466,3184],{"class":320},[64,127468,127065],{"class":329},[64,127470,3190],{"class":320},[64,127472,127473,127475,127477,127479,127481,127483,127485,127487,127489,127491],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,127474,125],{"class":108},[64,127476,112],{"class":78},[64,127478,126098],{"class":115},[64,127480,148],{"class":78},[64,127482,126103],{"class":115},[64,127484,112],{"class":78},[64,127486,2686],{"class":320},[64,127488,126110],{"class":329},[64,127490,2686],{"class":320},[64,127492,471],{"class":78},[20,127494,384],{},[55,127496,127497],{"className":57,"code":537,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,127498,127499],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,127500,127501],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127502,537],{"class":338},[20,127504,38894],{},[55,127506,127507],{"className":57,"code":127141,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,127508,127509,127521],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,127510,127511,127513,127515,127517,127519],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127512,126080],{"class":70},[64,127514,75],{"class":74},[64,127516,3184],{"class":320},[64,127518,127065],{"class":329},[64,127520,3190],{"class":320},[64,127522,127523,127525,127527,127529,127531,127533,127535,127537,127539,127541,127543,127545],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,127524,125],{"class":108},[64,127526,112],{"class":78},[64,127528,126098],{"class":115},[64,127530,148],{"class":78},[64,127532,8244],{"class":115},[64,127534,8241],{"class":78},[64,127536,126103],{"class":115},[64,127538,112],{"class":78},[64,127540,2686],{"class":320},[64,127542,126110],{"class":329},[64,127544,2686],{"class":320},[64,127546,471],{"class":78},[428,127548,36835,127550,8309,127552],{"id":127549},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127551,126055],{},[15,127553,375],{},[20,127555,127556,127558],{},[15,127557,126055],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[55,127560,127562],{"className":57,"code":127561,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127563,127564,127577,127581,127603],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,127565,127566,127568,127570,127572,127575],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127567,34315],{"class":70},[64,127569,75],{"class":74},[64,127571,3184],{"class":320},[64,127573,127574],{"class":329},"my_report.csv.backup",[64,127576,3190],{"class":320},[64,127578,127579],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,127580,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,127582,127583,127585,127587,127589,127591,127593,127595,127597,127599,127601],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,127584,125],{"class":108},[64,127586,112],{"class":78},[64,127588,34336],{"class":115},[64,127590,148],{"class":78},[64,127592,126103],{"class":115},[64,127594,112],{"class":78},[64,127596,2686],{"class":320},[64,127598,126110],{"class":329},[64,127600,2686],{"class":320},[64,127602,471],{"class":78},[64,127604,127605,127607,127609,127611,127613,127615,127617,127619],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,127606,125],{"class":108},[64,127608,112],{"class":78},[64,127610,2686],{"class":320},[64,127612,126110],{"class":329},[64,127614,2686],{"class":320},[64,127616,20794],{"class":368},[64,127618,42476],{"class":115},[64,127620,119],{"class":78},[20,127622,384],{},[55,127624,127625],{"className":57,"code":127121,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,127626,127627,127631],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,127628,127629],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127630,537],{"class":338},[64,127632,127633],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,127634,476],{"class":338},[428,127636,8056,127638,127640],{"id":127637},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127639,126055],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127642,127643,127645],{},[15,127644,126055],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[55,127647,127649],{"className":57,"code":127648,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127650,127651,127663,127685],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,127652,127653,127655,127657,127659,127661],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127654,126080],{"class":70},[64,127656,75],{"class":74},[64,127658,3184],{"class":320},[64,127660,126087],{"class":329},[64,127662,3190],{"class":320},[64,127664,127665,127667,127669,127671,127673,127675,127677,127679,127681,127683],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,127666,125],{"class":108},[64,127668,112],{"class":78},[64,127670,126098],{"class":115},[64,127672,148],{"class":78},[64,127674,126103],{"class":115},[64,127676,112],{"class":78},[64,127678,2686],{"class":320},[64,127680,126110],{"class":329},[64,127682,2686],{"class":320},[64,127684,471],{"class":78},[64,127686,127687,127689,127691,127693],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,127688,125],{"class":108},[64,127690,112],{"class":78},[64,127692,126098],{"class":115},[64,127694,119],{"class":78},[20,127696,384],{},[55,127698,127700],{"className":57,"code":127699,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127701,127702,127706],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,127703,127704],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127705,476],{"class":338},[64,127707,127708,127711,127713],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,127709,127710],{"class":70},"report",[64,127712,148],{"class":78},[64,127714,127715],{"class":24372},"csv\n",[20,127717,127718,127719,148],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[285,127720,127721],{"href":124165},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127723,65705],{},[30,127725,127726,127729,127732,127735],{},[33,127727,127728],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[33,127730,127731],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[33,127733,127734],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[33,127736,8020,127737,44265,127739,212,127741,111194],{},[15,127738,126055],{},[15,127740,124168],{},[15,127742,41287],{},[20,127744,29760],{},[55,127746,127748],{"className":57,"code":127747,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127749,127750,127760,127774,127796,127822],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,127751,127752,127754,127756,127758],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,127753,125],{"class":108},[64,127755,112],{"class":78},[64,127757,34336],{"class":115},[64,127759,119],{"class":78},[64,127761,127762,127764,127766,127768,127770,127772],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,127763,125],{"class":108},[64,127765,112],{"class":78},[64,127767,41413],{"class":108},[64,127769,112],{"class":78},[64,127771,34336],{"class":115},[64,127773,471],{"class":78},[64,127775,127776,127778,127780,127782,127784,127786,127788,127790,127792,127794],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,127777,125],{"class":108},[64,127779,112],{"class":78},[64,127781,34336],{"class":115},[64,127783,148],{"class":78},[64,127785,126103],{"class":115},[64,127787,112],{"class":78},[64,127789,333],{"class":320},[64,127791,126110],{"class":329},[64,127793,333],{"class":320},[64,127795,471],{"class":78},[64,127797,127798,127800,127802,127804,127806,127808,127810,127812,127814,127816,127818,127820],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,127799,125],{"class":108},[64,127801,112],{"class":78},[64,127803,34336],{"class":115},[64,127805,148],{"class":78},[64,127807,8244],{"class":115},[64,127809,8241],{"class":78},[64,127811,126103],{"class":115},[64,127813,112],{"class":78},[64,127815,333],{"class":320},[64,127817,126110],{"class":329},[64,127819,333],{"class":320},[64,127821,471],{"class":78},[64,127823,127824,127826,127828,127830,127832,127834],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,127825,125],{"class":108},[64,127827,112],{"class":78},[64,127829,3052],{"class":357},[64,127831,112],{"class":78},[64,127833,34336],{"class":115},[64,127835,471],{"class":78},[50,127837,1651],{"id":1650},[428,127839,12317,127841,127843],{"id":127840},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,127842,126055],{}," change the string?",[20,127845,127846,127847,212,127849,148],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,127848,47],{},[15,127850,147],{},[428,127852,1684,127854,127856],{"id":127853},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,127855,126055],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,127858,127859,127860,148],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,127861,127862],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[428,127864,14519,127866,124333],{"id":127865},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,127867,126055],{},[20,127869,127870,127871,212,127873,127876],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,127872,123727],{},[15,127874,127875],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[428,127878,1694,127880,896,127882,1677],{"id":127879},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,127881,126055],{},[15,127883,123992],{},[20,127885,127886,127888,127889,127891],{},[15,127887,126055],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,127890,123992],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[50,127893,1717],{"id":1716},[30,127895,127896,127902,127908,127912,127916],{},[33,127897,127898],{},[285,127899,125997,127900,10349],{"href":127362},[15,127901,127365],{},[33,127903,127904],{},[285,127905,125997,127906,10349],{"href":123724},[15,127907,123727],{},[33,127909,127910],{},[285,127911,124396],{"href":123252},[33,127913,127914],{},[285,127915,124403],{"href":124165},[33,127917,127918],{},[285,127919,124752],{"href":50613},[1751,127921,127922],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":127924},[127925,127926,127928,127929,127934,127935,127941,127942,127943,127951,127961],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":126163,"depth":100,"text":127927},"What endswith() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":126378,"depth":100,"text":126379,"children":127930},[127931,127932,127933],{"id":126292,"depth":122,"text":126292},{"id":35702,"depth":122,"text":35702},{"id":52299,"depth":122,"text":52299},{"id":17036,"depth":100,"text":17037},{"id":126791,"depth":100,"text":126792,"children":127936},[127937,127938,127939,127940],{"id":126795,"depth":122,"text":126796},{"id":126849,"depth":122,"text":126850},{"id":126906,"depth":122,"text":126907},{"id":126960,"depth":122,"text":126961},{"id":123643,"depth":100,"text":123644},{"id":127194,"depth":100,"text":127195},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661,"children":127944},[127945,127946,127947,127949],{"id":127374,"depth":122,"text":127375},{"id":127452,"depth":122,"text":127453},{"id":127549,"depth":122,"text":127948},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127637,"depth":122,"text":127950},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":127952},[127953,127955,127957,127959],{"id":127840,"depth":122,"text":127954},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127853,"depth":122,"text":127956},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127865,"depth":122,"text":127958},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127879,"depth":122,"text":127960},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126047,"description":127962},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":127969,"title":127970,"body":127971,"description":129639,"extension":1791,"meta":129640,"navigation":346,"path":129641,"seo":129642,"stem":129643,"__hash__":129644},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":127972,"toc":129612},[127973,127978,127983,127988,127993,128086,128096,128101,128106,128121,128123,128205,128213,128215,128217,128244,128246,128262,128269,128271,128379,128381,128386,128402,128404,128499,128507,128510,128516,128521,128526,128533,128672,128675,128688,128690,128694,128701,128771,128774,128823,128830,128837,128851,128856,128861,128907,128953,128969,128971,128976,128990,128993,129115,129120,129122,129127,129160,129163,129239,129241,129250,129264,129267,129351,129354,129465,129468,129496,129498,129505,129509,129515,129518,129524,129527,129534,129545,129551,129558,129560,129609],[10,127974,122997,127976,10932],{"id":127975},"python-string-find-method",[15,127977,123992],{},[20,127979,123002,127980,127982],{},[15,127981,123992],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,127984,127985,127986,148],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,127987,65496],{},[20,127989,1923,127990,127992],{},[15,127991,123992],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[55,127994,127996],{"className":57,"code":127995,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,127997,127998,128010,128033,128046,128050,128073],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,127999,128000,128002,128004,128006,128008],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,128001,34315],{"class":70},[64,128003,75],{"class":74},[64,128005,3184],{"class":320},[64,128007,60047],{"class":329},[64,128009,3190],{"class":320},[64,128011,128012,128014,128016,128018,128020,128023,128025,128027,128029,128031],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,128013,64561],{"class":70},[64,128015,75],{"class":74},[64,128017,42476],{"class":70},[64,128019,148],{"class":78},[64,128021,128022],{"class":115},"find",[64,128024,112],{"class":78},[64,128026,2686],{"class":320},[64,128028,60232],{"class":329},[64,128030,2686],{"class":320},[64,128032,119],{"class":78},[64,128034,128035,128037,128039,128041,128043],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,128036,125],{"class":108},[64,128038,112],{"class":78},[64,128040,64588],{"class":115},[64,128042,133],{"class":78},[64,128044,128045],{"class":136},"   # 6\n",[64,128047,128048],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,128049,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,128051,128052,128055,128057,128059,128061,128063,128065,128067,128069,128071],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,128053,128054],{"class":70},"missing ",[64,128056,75],{"class":74},[64,128058,42476],{"class":70},[64,128060,148],{"class":78},[64,128062,128022],{"class":115},[64,128064,112],{"class":78},[64,128066,2686],{"class":320},[64,128068,59],{"class":329},[64,128070,2686],{"class":320},[64,128072,119],{"class":78},[64,128074,128075,128077,128079,128081,128083],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,128076,125],{"class":108},[64,128078,112],{"class":78},[64,128080,26396],{"class":115},[64,128082,133],{"class":78},[64,128084,128085],{"class":136},"    # -1\n",[43215,128087,128088],{},[20,128089,1923,128090,128092,128093,128095],{},[15,128091,123992],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128094,65496],{}," if the substring is not found.",[50,128097,152,128099,155],{"id":128098},"what-find-does",[15,128100,123992],{},[20,128102,128103,128105],{},[15,128104,123992],{}," is a string method that:",[30,128107,128108,128111,128114,128119],{},[33,128109,128110],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[33,128112,128113],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[33,128115,11034,128116,128118],{},[15,128117,65496],{}," if no match is found",[33,128120,126183],{},[20,128122,916],{},[55,128124,128126],{"className":57,"code":128125,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128127,128128,128140,128144,128168,128192],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,128129,128130,128132,128134,128136,128138],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,128131,34315],{"class":70},[64,128133,75],{"class":74},[64,128135,3184],{"class":320},[64,128137,585],{"class":329},[64,128139,3190],{"class":320},[64,128141,128142],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,128143,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,128145,128146,128148,128150,128152,128154,128156,128158,128160,128162,128164,128166],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,128147,125],{"class":108},[64,128149,112],{"class":78},[64,128151,34336],{"class":115},[64,128153,148],{"class":78},[64,128155,128022],{"class":115},[64,128157,112],{"class":78},[64,128159,2686],{"class":320},[64,128161,123090],{"class":329},[64,128163,2686],{"class":320},[64,128165,4954],{"class":78},[64,128167,57285],{"class":136},[64,128169,128170,128172,128174,128176,128178,128180,128182,128184,128186,128188,128190],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,128171,125],{"class":108},[64,128173,112],{"class":78},[64,128175,34336],{"class":115},[64,128177,148],{"class":78},[64,128179,128022],{"class":115},[64,128181,112],{"class":78},[64,128183,2686],{"class":320},[64,128185,363],{"class":329},[64,128187,2686],{"class":320},[64,128189,4954],{"class":78},[64,128191,128085],{"class":136},[64,128193,128194,128196,128198,128200,128202],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,128195,125],{"class":108},[64,128197,112],{"class":78},[64,128199,34336],{"class":115},[64,128201,133],{"class":78},[64,128203,128204],{"class":136},"              # banana\n",[20,128206,20391,128207,128210,128211,148],{},[15,128208,128209],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128212,815],{},[50,128214,1988],{"id":1987},[20,128216,1991],{},[55,128218,128220],{"className":57,"code":128219,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128221,128222],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,128223,128224,128226,128228,128230,128232,128234,128236,128238,128240,128242],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,128225,60815],{"class":70},[64,128227,148],{"class":78},[64,128229,128022],{"class":115},[64,128231,112],{"class":78},[64,128233,2302],{"class":115},[64,128235,86],{"class":78},[64,128237,35681],{"class":115},[64,128239,86],{"class":78},[64,128241,64682],{"class":115},[64,128243,119],{"class":78},[428,128245,17013],{"id":17012},[30,128247,128248,128252,128257],{},[33,128249,128250,123189],{},[15,128251,2302],{},[33,128253,128254,128256],{},[15,128255,35702],{},": optional starting position",[33,128258,128259,128261],{},[15,128260,52299],{},": optional ending position",[20,128263,128264,896,128266,128268],{},[15,128265,35702],{},[15,128267,52299],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128270,126326],{},[55,128272,128274],{"className":57,"code":128273,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128275,128276,128288,128292,128317,128346],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,128277,128278,128280,128282,128284,128286],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,128279,34315],{"class":70},[64,128281,75],{"class":74},[64,128283,3184],{"class":320},[64,128285,60047],{"class":329},[64,128287,3190],{"class":320},[64,128289,128290],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,128291,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,128293,128294,128296,128298,128300,128302,128304,128306,128308,128310,128312,128314],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,128295,125],{"class":108},[64,128297,112],{"class":78},[64,128299,34336],{"class":115},[64,128301,148],{"class":78},[64,128303,128022],{"class":115},[64,128305,112],{"class":78},[64,128307,2686],{"class":320},[64,128309,60114],{"class":329},[64,128311,2686],{"class":320},[64,128313,4954],{"class":78},[64,128315,128316],{"class":136},"        # 4\n",[64,128318,128319,128321,128323,128325,128327,128329,128331,128333,128335,128337,128339,128341,128343],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,128320,125],{"class":108},[64,128322,112],{"class":78},[64,128324,34336],{"class":115},[64,128326,148],{"class":78},[64,128328,128022],{"class":115},[64,128330,112],{"class":78},[64,128332,2686],{"class":320},[64,128334,60114],{"class":329},[64,128336,2686],{"class":320},[64,128338,86],{"class":78},[64,128340,1112],{"class":82},[64,128342,4954],{"class":78},[64,128344,128345],{"class":136},"     # 7\n",[64,128347,128348,128350,128352,128354,128356,128358,128360,128362,128364,128366,128368,128370,128372,128374,128376],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,128349,125],{"class":108},[64,128351,112],{"class":78},[64,128353,34336],{"class":115},[64,128355,148],{"class":78},[64,128357,128022],{"class":115},[64,128359,112],{"class":78},[64,128361,2686],{"class":320},[64,128363,60114],{"class":329},[64,128365,2686],{"class":320},[64,128367,86],{"class":78},[64,128369,1112],{"class":82},[64,128371,86],{"class":78},[64,128373,5588],{"class":82},[64,128375,4954],{"class":78},[64,128377,128378],{"class":136},"  # -1\n",[50,128380,37652],{"id":37651},[20,128382,57184,128383,128385],{},[15,128384,123992],{}," is always an integer.",[30,128387,128388,128394,128397],{},[33,128389,128390,128391,128393],{},"A number ",[15,128392,243],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[33,128395,128396],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[33,128398,128399,128401],{},[15,128400,65496],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128403,916],{},[55,128405,128407],{"className":57,"code":128406,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128408,128409,128421,128425,128450,128475],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,128410,128411,128413,128415,128417,128419],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,128412,34315],{"class":70},[64,128414,75],{"class":74},[64,128416,3184],{"class":320},[64,128418,59],{"class":329},[64,128420,3190],{"class":320},[64,128422,128423],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,128424,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,128426,128427,128429,128431,128433,128435,128437,128439,128441,128444,128446,128448],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,128428,125],{"class":108},[64,128430,112],{"class":78},[64,128432,34336],{"class":115},[64,128434,148],{"class":78},[64,128436,128022],{"class":115},[64,128438,112],{"class":78},[64,128440,2686],{"class":320},[64,128442,128443],{"class":329},"py",[64,128445,2686],{"class":320},[64,128447,4954],{"class":78},[64,128449,20388],{"class":136},[64,128451,128452,128454,128456,128458,128460,128462,128464,128466,128469,128471,128473],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,128453,125],{"class":108},[64,128455,112],{"class":78},[64,128457,34336],{"class":115},[64,128459,148],{"class":78},[64,128461,128022],{"class":115},[64,128463,112],{"class":78},[64,128465,2686],{"class":320},[64,128467,128468],{"class":329},"th",[64,128470,2686],{"class":320},[64,128472,4954],{"class":78},[64,128474,57285],{"class":136},[64,128476,128477,128479,128481,128483,128485,128487,128489,128491,128493,128495,128497],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,128478,125],{"class":108},[64,128480,112],{"class":78},[64,128482,34336],{"class":115},[64,128484,148],{"class":78},[64,128486,128022],{"class":115},[64,128488,112],{"class":78},[64,128490,2686],{"class":320},[64,128492,21698],{"class":329},[64,128494,2686],{"class":320},[64,128496,4954],{"class":78},[64,128498,128085],{"class":136},[20,128500,89552,128501,8059,128503,212,128505,148],{},[15,128502,123992],{},[15,128504,47],{},[15,128506,147],{},[20,128508,128509],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[50,128511,8020,128512,896,128514],{"id":65048},[15,128513,35702],{},[15,128515,52299],{},[20,128517,1923,128518,128520],{},[15,128519,35702],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128522,1923,128523,128525],{},[15,128524,52299],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128527,1808,128528,75104,128530,128532],{},[15,128529,52299],{},[221,128531,64711],{}," in the search.",[55,128534,128536],{"className":57,"code":128535,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128537,128538,128551,128555,128579,128608,128640],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,128539,128540,128542,128544,128546,128549],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,128541,34315],{"class":70},[64,128543,75],{"class":74},[64,128545,3184],{"class":320},[64,128547,128548],{"class":329},"one two three two",[64,128550,3190],{"class":320},[64,128552,128553],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,128554,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,128556,128557,128559,128561,128563,128565,128567,128569,128571,128573,128575,128577],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,128558,125],{"class":108},[64,128560,112],{"class":78},[64,128562,34336],{"class":115},[64,128564,148],{"class":78},[64,128566,128022],{"class":115},[64,128568,112],{"class":78},[64,128570,2686],{"class":320},[64,128572,78913],{"class":329},[64,128574,2686],{"class":320},[64,128576,4954],{"class":78},[64,128578,128316],{"class":136},[64,128580,128581,128583,128585,128587,128589,128591,128593,128595,128597,128599,128601,128603,128605],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,128582,125],{"class":108},[64,128584,112],{"class":78},[64,128586,34336],{"class":115},[64,128588,148],{"class":78},[64,128590,128022],{"class":115},[64,128592,112],{"class":78},[64,128594,2686],{"class":320},[64,128596,78913],{"class":329},[64,128598,2686],{"class":320},[64,128600,86],{"class":78},[64,128602,1112],{"class":82},[64,128604,4954],{"class":78},[64,128606,128607],{"class":136},"     # 14\n",[64,128609,128610,128612,128614,128616,128618,128620,128622,128624,128626,128628,128630,128632,128634,128636,128638],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,128611,125],{"class":108},[64,128613,112],{"class":78},[64,128615,34336],{"class":115},[64,128617,148],{"class":78},[64,128619,128022],{"class":115},[64,128621,112],{"class":78},[64,128623,2686],{"class":320},[64,128625,78913],{"class":329},[64,128627,2686],{"class":320},[64,128629,86],{"class":78},[64,128631,315],{"class":82},[64,128633,86],{"class":78},[64,128635,5588],{"class":82},[64,128637,4954],{"class":78},[64,128639,50573],{"class":136},[64,128641,128642,128644,128646,128648,128650,128652,128654,128656,128658,128660,128662,128664,128666,128668,128670],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,128643,125],{"class":108},[64,128645,112],{"class":78},[64,128647,34336],{"class":115},[64,128649,148],{"class":78},[64,128651,128022],{"class":115},[64,128653,112],{"class":78},[64,128655,2686],{"class":320},[64,128657,78913],{"class":329},[64,128659,2686],{"class":320},[64,128661,86],{"class":78},[64,128663,315],{"class":82},[64,128665,86],{"class":78},[64,128667,2286],{"class":82},[64,128669,4954],{"class":78},[64,128671,128378],{"class":136},[20,128673,128674],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128676,128677,128678,54708,128682,148],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[285,128679,128681],{"href":128680},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[285,128683,128685,128687],{"href":128684},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128686,60172],{}," string method",[50,128689,123644],{"id":123643},[20,128691,128692,123455],{},[15,128693,123992],{},[20,128695,127042,128696,896,128698,128700],{},[15,128697,90060],{},[15,128699,64176],{}," are treated as different text.",[55,128702,128704],{"className":57,"code":128703,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128705,128706,128719,128723,128747],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,128707,128708,128710,128712,128714,128717],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,128709,34315],{"class":70},[64,128711,75],{"class":74},[64,128713,3184],{"class":320},[64,128715,128716],{"class":329},"Hello World",[64,128718,3190],{"class":320},[64,128720,128721],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,128722,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,128724,128725,128727,128729,128731,128733,128735,128737,128739,128741,128743,128745],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,128726,125],{"class":108},[64,128728,112],{"class":78},[64,128730,34336],{"class":115},[64,128732,148],{"class":78},[64,128734,128022],{"class":115},[64,128736,112],{"class":78},[64,128738,2686],{"class":320},[64,128740,34495],{"class":329},[64,128742,2686],{"class":320},[64,128744,4954],{"class":78},[64,128746,50885],{"class":136},[64,128748,128749,128751,128753,128755,128757,128759,128761,128763,128765,128767,128769],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,128750,125],{"class":108},[64,128752,112],{"class":78},[64,128754,34336],{"class":115},[64,128756,148],{"class":78},[64,128758,128022],{"class":115},[64,128760,112],{"class":78},[64,128762,2686],{"class":320},[64,128764,330],{"class":329},[64,128766,2686],{"class":320},[64,128768,4954],{"class":78},[64,128770,128378],{"class":136},[20,128772,128773],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[55,128775,128777],{"className":57,"code":128776,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128778,128779,128791,128795],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,128780,128781,128783,128785,128787,128789],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,128782,34315],{"class":70},[64,128784,75],{"class":74},[64,128786,3184],{"class":320},[64,128788,128716],{"class":329},[64,128790,3190],{"class":320},[64,128792,128793],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,128794,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,128796,128797,128799,128801,128803,128805,128807,128809,128811,128813,128815,128817,128819,128821],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,128798,125],{"class":108},[64,128800,112],{"class":78},[64,128802,34336],{"class":115},[64,128804,148],{"class":78},[64,128806,8244],{"class":115},[64,128808,8241],{"class":78},[64,128810,128022],{"class":115},[64,128812,112],{"class":78},[64,128814,2686],{"class":320},[64,128816,330],{"class":329},[64,128818,2686],{"class":320},[64,128820,4954],{"class":78},[64,128822,50885],{"class":136},[50,128824,128826,10193,128828],{"id":128825},"find-vs-index",[15,128827,123992],{},[15,128829,58608],{},[20,128831,128832,896,128834,128836],{},[15,128833,123992],{},[15,128835,58608],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[30,128838,128839,128845],{},[33,128840,128841,44,128843],{},[15,128842,123992],{},[15,128844,65496],{},[33,128846,128847,52133,128849],{},[15,128848,58608],{},[15,128850,40337],{},[20,128852,1923,128853,128855],{},[15,128854,123992],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,128857,1923,128858,128860],{},[15,128859,58608],{}," when the value must exist.",[55,128862,128864],{"className":57,"code":128863,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,128865,128866,128878,128882],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,128867,128868,128870,128872,128874,128876],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,128869,34315],{"class":70},[64,128871,75],{"class":74},[64,128873,3184],{"class":320},[64,128875,330],{"class":329},[64,128877,3190],{"class":320},[64,128879,128880],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,128881,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,128883,128884,128886,128888,128890,128892,128894,128896,128898,128900,128902,128904],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,128885,125],{"class":108},[64,128887,112],{"class":78},[64,128889,34336],{"class":115},[64,128891,148],{"class":78},[64,128893,128022],{"class":115},[64,128895,112],{"class":78},[64,128897,2686],{"class":320},[64,128899,363],{"class":329},[64,128901,2686],{"class":320},[64,128903,4954],{"class":78},[64,128905,128906],{"class":136},"   # -1\n",[55,128908,128910],{"className":57,"code":128909,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,128911,128912,128924,128928],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,128913,128914,128916,128918,128920,128922],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,128915,34315],{"class":70},[64,128917,75],{"class":74},[64,128919,3184],{"class":320},[64,128921,330],{"class":329},[64,128923,3190],{"class":320},[64,128925,128926],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,128927,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,128929,128930,128932,128934,128936,128938,128940,128942,128944,128946,128948,128950],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,128931,125],{"class":108},[64,128933,112],{"class":78},[64,128935,34336],{"class":115},[64,128937,148],{"class":78},[64,128939,35475],{"class":115},[64,128941,112],{"class":78},[64,128943,2686],{"class":320},[64,128945,363],{"class":329},[64,128947,2686],{"class":320},[64,128949,4954],{"class":78},[64,128951,128952],{"class":136},"  # ValueError\n",[20,128954,128955,128956,128960,128961,128963,128964,148],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[285,128957,128958,128687],{"href":124017},[15,128959,58608],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,128962,58608],{},", read ",[285,128965,25302,128966],{"href":73124},[15,128967,128968],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[50,128970,40679],{"id":40678},[20,128972,35034,128973,128975],{},[15,128974,123992],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[30,128977,128978,128981,128984,128987],{},[33,128979,128980],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[33,128982,128983],{},"Get the position of a word",[33,128985,128986],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[33,128988,128989],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,128991,128992],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[55,128994,128996],{"className":57,"code":128995,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,128997,128998,129011,129034,129038,129053,129069,129088,129102],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,128999,129000,129002,129004,129006,129009],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,129001,34315],{"class":70},[64,129003,75],{"class":74},[64,129005,3184],{"class":320},[64,129007,129008],{"class":329},"name:Alice",[64,129010,3190],{"class":320},[64,129012,129013,129016,129018,129020,129022,129024,129026,129028,129030,129032],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,129014,129015],{"class":70},"colon_pos ",[64,129017,75],{"class":74},[64,129019,42476],{"class":70},[64,129021,148],{"class":78},[64,129023,128022],{"class":115},[64,129025,112],{"class":78},[64,129027,2686],{"class":320},[64,129029,160],{"class":329},[64,129031,2686],{"class":320},[64,129033,119],{"class":78},[64,129035,129036],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,129037,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,129039,129040,129042,129045,129047,129049,129051],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,129041,6595],{"class":368},[64,129043,129044],{"class":70}," colon_pos ",[64,129046,72234],{"class":74},[64,129048,812],{"class":74},[64,129050,83],{"class":82},[64,129052,5989],{"class":78},[64,129054,129055,129058,129060,129062,129064,129067],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,129056,129057],{"class":70},"    label ",[64,129059,75],{"class":74},[64,129061,42476],{"class":70},[64,129063,75177],{"class":78},[64,129065,129066],{"class":70},"colon_pos",[64,129068,97],{"class":78},[64,129070,129071,129073,129075,129077,129079,129081,129083,129085],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,129072,27024],{"class":70},[64,129074,75],{"class":74},[64,129076,42476],{"class":70},[64,129078,394],{"class":78},[64,129080,129015],{"class":70},[64,129082,1889],{"class":74},[64,129084,5091],{"class":82},[64,129086,129087],{"class":78},":]\n",[64,129089,129090,129092,129094,129097,129099],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,129091,7670],{"class":108},[64,129093,112],{"class":78},[64,129095,129096],{"class":115},"label",[64,129098,133],{"class":78},[64,129100,129101],{"class":136},"  # name\n",[64,129103,129104,129106,129108,129110,129112],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,129105,7670],{"class":108},[64,129107,112],{"class":78},[64,129109,2302],{"class":115},[64,129111,133],{"class":78},[64,129113,129114],{"class":136},"  # Alice\n",[20,129116,129117,129118,148],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[285,129119,127033],{"href":123252},[50,129121,2661],{"id":2660},[20,129123,129124,129125,160],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129126,123992],{},[30,129128,129129,129138,129144,129149,129155],{},[33,129130,8056,129131,8059,129133,212,129135,129137],{},[15,129132,123992],{},[15,129134,47],{},[15,129136,147],{}," instead of an index",[33,129139,129140,129141,129143],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129142,65496],{}," when the substring is missing",[33,129145,8020,129146,129148],{},[15,129147,123992],{}," without handling case differences",[33,129150,36835,129151,8309,129153],{},[15,129152,123992],{},[15,129154,58608],{},[33,129156,1085,129157,129159],{},[15,129158,123992],{}," changes the string",[20,129161,129162],{},"Example of a mistake:",[55,129164,129166],{"className":57,"code":129165,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129167,129168,129180,129184,129204,129219,129225],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,129169,129170,129172,129174,129176,129178],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,129171,34315],{"class":70},[64,129173,75],{"class":74},[64,129175,3184],{"class":320},[64,129177,330],{"class":329},[64,129179,3190],{"class":320},[64,129181,129182],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,129183,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,129185,129186,129188,129190,129192,129194,129196,129198,129200,129202],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,129187,6595],{"class":368},[64,129189,42476],{"class":70},[64,129191,148],{"class":78},[64,129193,128022],{"class":115},[64,129195,112],{"class":78},[64,129197,2686],{"class":320},[64,129199,60079],{"class":329},[64,129201,2686],{"class":320},[64,129203,7944],{"class":78},[64,129205,129206,129208,129210,129212,129215,129217],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,129207,7670],{"class":108},[64,129209,112],{"class":78},[64,129211,2686],{"class":320},[64,129213,129214],{"class":329},"Found",[64,129216,2686],{"class":320},[64,129218,119],{"class":78},[64,129220,129221,129223],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,129222,27057],{"class":368},[64,129224,5989],{"class":78},[64,129226,129227,129229,129231,129233,129235,129237],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,129228,7670],{"class":108},[64,129230,112],{"class":78},[64,129232,2686],{"class":320},[64,129234,25938],{"class":329},[64,129236,2686],{"class":320},[64,129238,119],{"class":78},[20,129240,99558],{},[55,129242,129244],{"className":57,"code":129243,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Not found\n",[15,129245,129246],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,129247,129248],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,129249,129243],{"class":70},[20,129251,45339,129252,129255,129256,16690,129258,129260,129261,129263],{},[15,129253,129254],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129257,243],{},[15,129259,243],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129262,6595],{}," statement.",[20,129265,129266],{},"A safer version is:",[55,129268,129270],{"className":57,"code":129269,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129271,129272,129284,129288,129317,129331,129337],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,129273,129274,129276,129278,129280,129282],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,129275,34315],{"class":70},[64,129277,75],{"class":74},[64,129279,3184],{"class":320},[64,129281,330],{"class":329},[64,129283,3190],{"class":320},[64,129285,129286],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,129287,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,129289,129290,129292,129294,129296,129298,129300,129302,129304,129306,129308,129311,129313,129315],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,129291,6595],{"class":368},[64,129293,42476],{"class":70},[64,129295,148],{"class":78},[64,129297,128022],{"class":115},[64,129299,112],{"class":78},[64,129301,2686],{"class":320},[64,129303,60079],{"class":329},[64,129305,2686],{"class":320},[64,129307,133],{"class":78},[64,129309,129310],{"class":74}," !=",[64,129312,812],{"class":74},[64,129314,83],{"class":82},[64,129316,5989],{"class":78},[64,129318,129319,129321,129323,129325,129327,129329],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,129320,7670],{"class":108},[64,129322,112],{"class":78},[64,129324,2686],{"class":320},[64,129326,129214],{"class":329},[64,129328,2686],{"class":320},[64,129330,119],{"class":78},[64,129332,129333,129335],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,129334,27057],{"class":368},[64,129336,5989],{"class":78},[64,129338,129339,129341,129343,129345,129347,129349],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,129340,7670],{"class":108},[64,129342,112],{"class":78},[64,129344,2686],{"class":320},[64,129346,25938],{"class":329},[64,129348,2686],{"class":320},[64,129350,119],{"class":78},[20,129352,129353],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[55,129355,129357],{"className":57,"code":129356,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129358,129359,129381,129395,129421,129435],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,129360,129361,129363,129365,129367,129369,129371,129373,129375,129377,129379],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,129362,125],{"class":108},[64,129364,112],{"class":78},[64,129366,34336],{"class":115},[64,129368,148],{"class":78},[64,129370,128022],{"class":115},[64,129372,112],{"class":78},[64,129374,333],{"class":320},[64,129376,38023],{"class":329},[64,129378,333],{"class":320},[64,129380,471],{"class":78},[64,129382,129383,129385,129387,129389,129391,129393],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,129384,125],{"class":108},[64,129386,112],{"class":78},[64,129388,41413],{"class":108},[64,129390,112],{"class":78},[64,129392,34336],{"class":115},[64,129394,471],{"class":78},[64,129396,129397,129399,129401,129403,129405,129407,129409,129411,129413,129415,129417,129419],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,129398,125],{"class":108},[64,129400,112],{"class":78},[64,129402,34336],{"class":115},[64,129404,148],{"class":78},[64,129406,8244],{"class":115},[64,129408,8241],{"class":78},[64,129410,128022],{"class":115},[64,129412,112],{"class":78},[64,129414,333],{"class":320},[64,129416,38023],{"class":329},[64,129418,333],{"class":320},[64,129420,471],{"class":78},[64,129422,129423,129425,129427,129429,129431,129433],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,129424,125],{"class":108},[64,129426,112],{"class":78},[64,129428,10771],{"class":108},[64,129430,112],{"class":78},[64,129432,34336],{"class":115},[64,129434,471],{"class":78},[64,129436,129437,129439,129441,129443,129445,129447,129449,129451,129453,129455,129457,129459,129461,129463],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,129438,125],{"class":108},[64,129440,112],{"class":78},[64,129442,34336],{"class":115},[64,129444,148],{"class":78},[64,129446,128022],{"class":115},[64,129448,112],{"class":78},[64,129450,333],{"class":320},[64,129452,38023],{"class":329},[64,129454,333],{"class":320},[64,129456,86],{"class":78},[64,129458,35681],{"class":115},[64,129460,86],{"class":78},[64,129462,64682],{"class":115},[64,129464,471],{"class":78},[20,129466,129467],{},"These help you check:",[30,129469,129470,129475,129480,129485,129488],{},[33,129471,129472,129473],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129474,123992],{},[33,129476,129477,129478],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129479,122211],{},[33,129481,129482,129483],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129484,123727],{},[33,129486,129487],{},"The string length",[33,129489,129490,129491,896,129493,129495],{},"Whether your ",[15,129492,35702],{},[15,129494,52299],{}," values are correct",[50,129497,1651],{"id":1650},[428,129499,129501,129502,129504],{"id":129500},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129503,123992],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129506,1661,129507,148],{},[15,129508,65496],{},[428,129510,12317,129512,129514],{"id":129511},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129513,123992],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129516,129517],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[428,129519,129521,129522,124333],{"id":129520},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129523,123992],{},[20,129525,129526],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[428,129528,1694,129530,896,129532,69297],{"id":129529},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129531,123992],{},[15,129533,58608],{},[20,129535,129536,44,129538,129540,129541,52133,129543,148],{},[15,129537,123992],{},[15,129539,65496],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129542,58608],{},[15,129544,40337],{},[428,129546,27952,129548,129550],{"id":129547},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129549,123992],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129552,129553,129554,896,129556,65795],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129555,35702],{},[15,129557,52299],{},[50,129559,1717],{"id":1716},[30,129561,129562,129568,129574,129581,129587,129594,129598,129603],{},[33,129563,129564],{},[285,129565,125997,129566,10349],{"href":124017},[15,129567,58608],{},[33,129569,129570],{},[285,129571,125997,129572,10349],{"href":128684},[15,129573,60172],{},[33,129575,129576],{},[285,129577,125997,129579,10349],{"href":129578},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129580,124168],{},[33,129582,129583],{},[285,129584,125997,129585,10349],{"href":127362},[15,129586,127365],{},[33,129588,129589],{},[285,129590,125997,129592,10349],{"href":129591},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129593,126055],{},[33,129595,129596],{},[285,129597,124396],{"href":123252},[33,129599,129600],{},[285,129601,129602],{"href":128680},"How to split a string in Python",[33,129604,129605],{},[285,129606,25745,129607],{"href":73124},[15,129608,128968],{},[1751,129610,129611],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":129613},[129614,129616,129619,129620,129621,129622,129624,129625,129626,129638],{"id":128098,"depth":100,"text":129615},"What find() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988,"children":129617},[129618],{"id":17012,"depth":122,"text":17013},{"id":37651,"depth":100,"text":37652},{"id":65048,"depth":100,"text":65831},{"id":123643,"depth":100,"text":123644},{"id":128825,"depth":100,"text":129623},"find() vs index()",{"id":40678,"depth":100,"text":40679},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":129627},[129628,129630,129632,129634,129636],{"id":129500,"depth":122,"text":129629},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129511,"depth":122,"text":129631},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129520,"depth":122,"text":129633},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129529,"depth":122,"text":129635},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129547,"depth":122,"text":129637},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":127970,"description":129639},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129646,"title":129647,"body":129648,"description":131574,"extension":1791,"meta":131575,"navigation":346,"path":131576,"seo":131577,"stem":131578,"__hash__":131579},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129649,"toc":131542},[129650,129655,129660,129663,129665,129741,129745,129773,129781,129785,129790,129794,129811,129813,129880,129884,129906,129914,129916,129919,129943,129946,129960,129962,130047,130051,130063,130066,130070,130076,130126,130130,130147,130156,130159,130167,130170,130219,130223,130248,130251,130306,130310,130322,130328,130332,130338,130343,130410,130414,130440,130443,130454,130456,130523,130527,130552,130559,130563,130568,130575,130583,130585,130637,130641,130659,130661,130706,130710,130725,130728,130738,130745,130747,130751,130754,130765,130767,130827,130831,130859,130862,130868,130873,130876,130880,130924,130927,130965,130968,130976,130978,130983,130987,130990,131038,131041,131044,131100,131104,131109,131112,131161,131163,131212,131218,131223,131225,131272,131276,131289,131291,131342,131348,131351,131355,131358,131364,131369,131371,131374,131446,131449,131466,131468,131473,131476,131480,131486,131492,131499,131505,131511,131513,131539],[10,129651,122997,129653,10932],{"id":129652},"python-string-format-method",[15,129654,126000],{},[20,129656,123002,129657,129659],{},[15,129658,126000],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129661,129662],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[50,129664,1833],{"id":1832},[55,129666,129668],{"className":57,"code":129667,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129669,129670,129682,129690,129694,129731],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,129671,129672,129674,129676,129678,129680],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,129673,7477],{"class":70},[64,129675,75],{"class":74},[64,129677,3184],{"class":320},[64,129679,11120],{"class":329},[64,129681,3190],{"class":320},[64,129683,129684,129686,129688],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,129685,21249],{"class":70},[64,129687,75],{"class":74},[64,129689,88441],{"class":82},[64,129691,129692],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,129693,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,129695,129696,129698,129700,129702,129705,129707,129710,129712,129714,129716,129718,129721,129723,129725,129727,129729],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,129697,89649],{"class":70},[64,129699,75],{"class":74},[64,129701,3184],{"class":320},[64,129703,129704],{"class":329},"My name is ",[64,129706,272],{"class":82},[64,129708,129709],{"class":329}," and I am ",[64,129711,272],{"class":82},[64,129713,121993],{"class":329},[64,129715,2686],{"class":320},[64,129717,148],{"class":78},[64,129719,129720],{"class":115},"format",[64,129722,112],{"class":78},[64,129724,7267],{"class":115},[64,129726,86],{"class":78},[64,129728,8794],{"class":115},[64,129730,119],{"class":78},[64,129732,129733,129735,129737,129739],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,129734,125],{"class":108},[64,129736,112],{"class":78},[64,129738,89666],{"class":115},[64,129740,119],{"class":78},[20,129742,129743],{},[221,129744,384],{},[55,129746,129748],{"className":57,"code":129747,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129749,129750],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,129751,129752,129755,129757,129760,129763,129766,129769,129771],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,129753,129754],{"class":70},"My name ",[64,129756,11806],{"class":74},[64,129758,129759],{"class":70}," Maya ",[64,129761,129762],{"class":74},"and",[64,129764,129765],{"class":70}," I am ",[64,129767,129768],{"class":82},"12",[64,129770,122026],{"class":70},[64,129772,122029],{"class":78},[20,129774,1923,129775,129777,129778,129780],{},[15,129776,272],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129779,126000],{}," in the same order.",[20,129782,124749,129783,148],{},[285,129784,124752],{"href":50613},[50,129786,12610,129788,12613],{"id":129787},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129789,126000],{},[20,129791,1808,129792,11023],{},[15,129793,126000],{},[30,129795,129796,129799,129805,129808],{},[33,129797,129798],{},"inserts values into a string",[33,129800,129801,129802,129804],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129803,272],{}," with given values",[33,129806,129807],{},"returns a new string",[33,129809,129810],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129812,916],{},[55,129814,129816],{"className":57,"code":129815,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129817,129818,129832,129855,129859,129870],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,129819,129820,129822,129824,129826,129828,129830],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,129821,34315],{"class":70},[64,129823,75],{"class":74},[64,129825,3184],{"class":320},[64,129827,44537],{"class":329},[64,129829,272],{"class":82},[64,129831,3190],{"class":320},[64,129833,129834,129837,129839,129841,129843,129845,129847,129849,129851,129853],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,129835,129836],{"class":70},"new_text ",[64,129838,75],{"class":74},[64,129840,42476],{"class":70},[64,129842,148],{"class":78},[64,129844,129720],{"class":115},[64,129846,112],{"class":78},[64,129848,2686],{"class":320},[64,129850,7276],{"class":329},[64,129852,2686],{"class":320},[64,129854,119],{"class":78},[64,129856,129857],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,129858,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,129860,129861,129863,129865,129868],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,129862,125],{"class":108},[64,129864,112],{"class":78},[64,129866,129867],{"class":115},"new_text",[64,129869,119],{"class":78},[64,129871,129872,129874,129876,129878],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,129873,125],{"class":108},[64,129875,112],{"class":78},[64,129877,34336],{"class":115},[64,129879,119],{"class":78},[20,129881,129882],{},[221,129883,384],{},[55,129885,129887],{"className":57,"code":129886,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,129888,129889,129898],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,129890,129891,129893,129895],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,129892,34495],{"class":70},[64,129894,86],{"class":78},[64,129896,129897],{"class":70}," Sam\n",[64,129899,129900,129902,129904],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,129901,34495],{"class":70},[64,129903,86],{"class":78},[64,129905,9445],{"class":78},[20,129907,2115,129908,129910,129911,129913],{},[15,129909,34336],{}," stays the same. ",[15,129912,126000],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[50,129915,1988],{"id":1987},[20,129917,129918],{},"The general form is:",[55,129920,129922],{"className":57,"code":129921,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,129923,129924],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,129925,129926,129928,129931,129933,129935,129937,129939,129941],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,129927,2686],{"class":42963},[64,129929,129930],{"class":42967},"text {}",[64,129932,2686],{"class":42963},[64,129934,148],{"class":78},[64,129936,129720],{"class":115},[64,129938,112],{"class":78},[64,129940,2302],{"class":115},[64,129942,119],{"class":78},[20,129944,129945],{},"Key idea:",[30,129947,129948,129954,129957],{},[33,129949,129950,129951,129953],{},"each ",[15,129952,272],{}," is a placeholder",[33,129955,129956],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[33,129958,129959],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,129961,916],{},[55,129963,129965],{"className":57,"code":129964,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,129966,129967,129980,129994,129998,130036],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,129968,129969,129972,129974,129976,129978],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,129970,129971],{"class":70},"animal ",[64,129973,75],{"class":74},[64,129975,3184],{"class":320},[64,129977,36678],{"class":329},[64,129979,3190],{"class":320},[64,129981,129982,129985,129987,129989,129992],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,129983,129984],{"class":70},"sound ",[64,129986,75],{"class":74},[64,129988,3184],{"class":320},[64,129990,129991],{"class":329},"meow",[64,129993,3190],{"class":320},[64,129995,129996],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,129997,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,129999,130000,130003,130005,130007,130009,130011,130014,130016,130018,130020,130022,130024,130026,130029,130031,130034],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,130001,130002],{"class":70},"sentence ",[64,130004,75],{"class":74},[64,130006,3184],{"class":320},[64,130008,1808],{"class":329},[64,130010,272],{"class":82},[64,130012,130013],{"class":329}," says ",[64,130015,272],{"class":82},[64,130017,148],{"class":329},[64,130019,2686],{"class":320},[64,130021,148],{"class":78},[64,130023,129720],{"class":115},[64,130025,112],{"class":78},[64,130027,130028],{"class":115},"animal",[64,130030,86],{"class":78},[64,130032,130033],{"class":115}," sound",[64,130035,119],{"class":78},[64,130037,130038,130040,130042,130045],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,130039,125],{"class":108},[64,130041,112],{"class":78},[64,130043,130044],{"class":115},"sentence",[64,130046,119],{"class":78},[20,130048,130049],{},[221,130050,384],{},[55,130052,130054],{"className":57,"code":130053,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130055,130056],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,130057,130058,130061],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130059,130060],{"class":70},"The cat says meow",[64,130062,122029],{"class":78},[20,130064,130065],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[50,130067,130069],{"id":130068},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130071,130072,130073,130075],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130074,272],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[55,130077,130079],{"className":57,"code":130078,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130080,130081],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,130082,130083,130085,130087,130089,130092,130094,130096,130098,130100,130102,130104,130106,130108,130110,130113,130115,130117,130119,130122,130124],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130084,125],{"class":108},[64,130086,112],{"class":78},[64,130088,2686],{"class":320},[64,130090,130091],{"class":329},"I like ",[64,130093,272],{"class":82},[64,130095,896],{"class":329},[64,130097,272],{"class":82},[64,130099,148],{"class":329},[64,130101,2686],{"class":320},[64,130103,148],{"class":78},[64,130105,129720],{"class":115},[64,130107,112],{"class":78},[64,130109,2686],{"class":320},[64,130111,130112],{"class":329},"pizza",[64,130114,2686],{"class":320},[64,130116,86],{"class":78},[64,130118,3184],{"class":320},[64,130120,130121],{"class":329},"pasta",[64,130123,2686],{"class":320},[64,130125,471],{"class":78},[20,130127,130128],{},[221,130129,384],{},[55,130131,130133],{"className":57,"code":130132,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130134,130135],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,130136,130137,130140,130142,130145],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130138,130139],{"class":70},"I like pizza ",[64,130141,129762],{"class":74},[64,130143,130144],{"class":70}," pasta",[64,130146,122029],{"class":78},[20,130148,130149,130150,896,130153,148],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130151,130152],{},"{0}",[15,130154,130155],{},"{1}",[20,130157,130158],{},"This is helpful when:",[30,130160,130161,130164],{},[33,130162,130163],{},"you want to reuse a value",[33,130165,130166],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130168,130169],{},"Example with reused values:",[55,130171,130173],{"className":57,"code":130172,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130174,130175,130209],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,130176,130177,130179,130181,130183,130185,130188,130190,130193,130195,130197,130199,130201,130203,130205,130207],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130178,34315],{"class":70},[64,130180,75],{"class":74},[64,130182,3184],{"class":320},[64,130184,130152],{"class":82},[64,130186,130187],{"class":329}," is learning Python. ",[64,130189,130152],{"class":82},[64,130191,130192],{"class":329}," likes coding.",[64,130194,2686],{"class":320},[64,130196,148],{"class":78},[64,130198,129720],{"class":115},[64,130200,112],{"class":78},[64,130202,2686],{"class":320},[64,130204,19502],{"class":329},[64,130206,2686],{"class":320},[64,130208,119],{"class":78},[64,130210,130211,130213,130215,130217],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,130212,125],{"class":108},[64,130214,112],{"class":78},[64,130216,34336],{"class":115},[64,130218,119],{"class":78},[20,130220,130221],{},[221,130222,384],{},[55,130224,130226],{"className":57,"code":130225,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130227,130228],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,130229,130230,130233,130235,130238,130240,130243,130246],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130231,130232],{"class":70},"Lina ",[64,130234,11806],{"class":74},[64,130236,130237],{"class":70}," learning Python",[64,130239,148],{"class":78},[64,130241,130242],{"class":24372}," Lina",[64,130244,130245],{"class":70}," likes coding",[64,130247,122029],{"class":78},[20,130249,130250],{},"Example with changed order:",[55,130252,130254],{"className":57,"code":130253,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130255,130256,130296],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,130257,130258,130260,130262,130264,130266,130268,130270,130272,130274,130276,130278,130280,130282,130284,130286,130288,130290,130292,130294],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130259,34315],{"class":70},[64,130261,75],{"class":74},[64,130263,3184],{"class":320},[64,130265,130155],{"class":82},[64,130267,82968],{"class":329},[64,130269,130152],{"class":82},[64,130271,148],{"class":329},[64,130273,2686],{"class":320},[64,130275,148],{"class":78},[64,130277,129720],{"class":115},[64,130279,112],{"class":78},[64,130281,2686],{"class":320},[64,130283,6182],{"class":329},[64,130285,2686],{"class":320},[64,130287,86],{"class":78},[64,130289,3184],{"class":320},[64,130291,78913],{"class":329},[64,130293,2686],{"class":320},[64,130295,119],{"class":78},[64,130297,130298,130300,130302,130304],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,130299,125],{"class":108},[64,130301,112],{"class":78},[64,130303,34336],{"class":115},[64,130305,119],{"class":78},[20,130307,130308],{},[221,130309,384],{},[55,130311,130313],{"className":57,"code":130312,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130314,130315],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,130316,130317,130320],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130318,130319],{"class":70},"two comes after one",[64,130321,122029],{"class":78},[20,130323,130324,130325,130327],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130326,272],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[50,130329,130331],{"id":130330},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130333,130334,130335,148],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130336,130337],{},"{name}",[20,130339,130340,130341,160],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130342,126000],{},[55,130344,130346],{"className":57,"code":130345,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130347,130348,130400],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,130349,130350,130352,130354,130356,130358,130360,130363,130366,130368,130370,130372,130374,130376,130378,130380,130382,130384,130386,130388,130390,130392,130394,130396,130398],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130351,34315],{"class":70},[64,130353,75],{"class":74},[64,130355,3184],{"class":320},[64,130357,129704],{"class":329},[64,130359,130337],{"class":82},[64,130361,130362],{"class":329}," and I live in ",[64,130364,130365],{"class":82},"{city}",[64,130367,148],{"class":329},[64,130369,2686],{"class":320},[64,130371,148],{"class":78},[64,130373,129720],{"class":115},[64,130375,112],{"class":78},[64,130377,7267],{"class":8781},[64,130379,75],{"class":74},[64,130381,2686],{"class":320},[64,130383,12494],{"class":329},[64,130385,2686],{"class":320},[64,130387,86],{"class":78},[64,130389,31010],{"class":8781},[64,130391,75],{"class":74},[64,130393,2686],{"class":320},[64,130395,15648],{"class":329},[64,130397,2686],{"class":320},[64,130399,119],{"class":78},[64,130401,130402,130404,130406,130408],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,130403,125],{"class":108},[64,130405,112],{"class":78},[64,130407,34336],{"class":115},[64,130409,119],{"class":78},[20,130411,130412],{},[221,130413,384],{},[55,130415,130417],{"className":57,"code":130416,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130418,130419],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,130420,130421,130423,130425,130428,130430,130433,130435,130438],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130422,129754],{"class":70},[64,130424,11806],{"class":74},[64,130426,130427],{"class":70}," Ana ",[64,130429,129762],{"class":74},[64,130431,130432],{"class":70}," I live ",[64,130434,375],{"class":74},[64,130436,130437],{"class":70}," Lima",[64,130439,122029],{"class":78},[20,130441,130442],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[30,130444,130445,130448,130451],{},[33,130446,130447],{},"they make code easier to read",[33,130449,130450],{},"they help when a string has many values",[33,130452,130453],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130455,916],{},[55,130457,130459],{"className":57,"code":130458,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130460,130461,130513],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,130462,130463,130466,130468,130470,130473,130476,130479,130482,130484,130486,130488,130490,130492,130494,130496,130499,130501,130503,130506,130508,130511],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130464,130465],{"class":70},"report ",[64,130467,75],{"class":74},[64,130469,3184],{"class":320},[64,130471,130472],{"class":329},"Student: ",[64,130474,130475],{"class":82},"{student}",[64,130477,130478],{"class":329},", Score: ",[64,130480,130481],{"class":82},"{score}",[64,130483,2686],{"class":320},[64,130485,148],{"class":78},[64,130487,129720],{"class":115},[64,130489,112],{"class":78},[64,130491,13241],{"class":8781},[64,130493,75],{"class":74},[64,130495,2686],{"class":320},[64,130497,130498],{"class":329},"Noah",[64,130500,2686],{"class":320},[64,130502,86],{"class":78},[64,130504,130505],{"class":8781}," score",[64,130507,75],{"class":74},[64,130509,130510],{"class":82},"95",[64,130512,119],{"class":78},[64,130514,130515,130517,130519,130521],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,130516,125],{"class":108},[64,130518,112],{"class":78},[64,130520,127710],{"class":115},[64,130522,119],{"class":78},[20,130524,130525],{},[221,130526,384],{},[55,130528,130530],{"className":57,"code":130529,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130531,130532],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,130533,130534,130537,130539,130542,130544,130547,130549],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130535,130536],{"class":70},"Student",[64,130538,160],{"class":78},[64,130540,130541],{"class":70}," Noah",[64,130543,86],{"class":78},[64,130545,130546],{"class":70}," Score",[64,130548,160],{"class":78},[64,130550,130551],{"class":82}," 95\n",[20,130553,130554,130555,148],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[285,130556,13,130557,1713],{"href":41809},[15,130558,47320],{},[50,130560,130562],{"id":130561},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130564,130565,130567],{},[15,130566,126000],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130569,130570,130571,130574],{},"A common example is ",[15,130572,130573],{},":.2f",", which means:",[30,130576,130577,130580],{},[33,130578,130579],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[33,130581,130582],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130584,916],{},[55,130586,130588],{"className":57,"code":130587,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130589,130590,130598,130627],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,130591,130592,130594,130596],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130593,40020],{"class":70},[64,130595,75],{"class":74},[64,130597,48913],{"class":82},[64,130599,130600,130602,130604,130606,130609,130611,130613,130615,130617,130619,130621,130623,130625],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,130601,34315],{"class":70},[64,130603,75],{"class":74},[64,130605,3184],{"class":320},[64,130607,130608],{"class":329},"Price: $",[64,130610,8884],{"class":82},[64,130612,130573],{"class":1895},[64,130614,21924],{"class":82},[64,130616,2686],{"class":320},[64,130618,148],{"class":78},[64,130620,129720],{"class":115},[64,130622,112],{"class":78},[64,130624,24772],{"class":115},[64,130626,119],{"class":78},[64,130628,130629,130631,130633,130635],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,130630,125],{"class":108},[64,130632,112],{"class":78},[64,130634,34336],{"class":115},[64,130636,119],{"class":78},[20,130638,130639],{},[221,130640,384],{},[55,130642,130644],{"className":57,"code":130643,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130645,130646],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,130647,130648,130651,130653,130656],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130649,130650],{"class":70},"Price",[64,130652,160],{"class":78},[64,130654,130655],{"class":36998}," $",[64,130657,130658],{"class":82},"3.50\n",[20,130660,51718],{},[55,130662,130664],{"className":57,"code":130663,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130665,130666,130676],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,130667,130668,130671,130673],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130669,130670],{"class":70},"average ",[64,130672,75],{"class":74},[64,130674,130675],{"class":82}," 91.236\n",[64,130677,130678,130680,130682,130684,130687,130689,130691,130693,130695,130697,130699,130701,130704],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,130679,125],{"class":108},[64,130681,112],{"class":78},[64,130683,2686],{"class":320},[64,130685,130686],{"class":329},"Average: ",[64,130688,8884],{"class":82},[64,130690,130573],{"class":1895},[64,130692,21924],{"class":82},[64,130694,2686],{"class":320},[64,130696,148],{"class":78},[64,130698,129720],{"class":115},[64,130700,112],{"class":78},[64,130702,130703],{"class":115},"average",[64,130705,471],{"class":78},[20,130707,130708],{},[221,130709,384],{},[55,130711,130713],{"className":57,"code":130712,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130714,130715],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,130716,130717,130720,130722],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130718,130719],{"class":70},"Average",[64,130721,160],{"class":78},[64,130723,130724],{"class":82}," 91.24\n",[20,130726,130727],{},"This is useful for:",[30,130729,130730,130732,130735],{},[33,130731,82726],{},[33,130733,130734],{},"averages",[33,130736,130737],{},"percentages",[20,130739,130740,130741,148],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[285,130742,13,130743,2132],{"href":46085},[15,130744,46088],{},[50,130746,17037],{"id":17036},[20,130748,130749,92163],{},[15,130750,126000],{},[20,130752,130753],{},"That means you can:",[30,130755,130756,130759,130762],{},[33,130757,130758],{},"save it in a variable",[33,130760,130761],{},"print it directly",[33,130763,130764],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130766,916],{},[55,130768,130770],{"className":57,"code":130769,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130771,130772,130803,130813],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,130773,130774,130776,130778,130780,130782,130784,130786,130788,130790,130792,130794,130796,130799,130801],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130775,89649],{"class":70},[64,130777,75],{"class":74},[64,130779,3184],{"class":320},[64,130781,44537],{"class":329},[64,130783,272],{"class":82},[64,130785,89490],{"class":329},[64,130787,2686],{"class":320},[64,130789,148],{"class":78},[64,130791,129720],{"class":115},[64,130793,112],{"class":78},[64,130795,2686],{"class":320},[64,130797,130798],{"class":329},"Chris",[64,130800,2686],{"class":320},[64,130802,119],{"class":78},[64,130804,130805,130807,130809,130811],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,130806,125],{"class":108},[64,130808,112],{"class":78},[64,130810,89666],{"class":115},[64,130812,119],{"class":78},[64,130814,130815,130817,130819,130821,130823,130825],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,130816,125],{"class":108},[64,130818,112],{"class":78},[64,130820,3052],{"class":357},[64,130822,112],{"class":78},[64,130824,89666],{"class":115},[64,130826,471],{"class":78},[20,130828,130829],{},[221,130830,384],{},[55,130832,130834],{"className":57,"code":130833,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130835,130836,130845],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,130837,130838,130840,130842],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130839,34495],{"class":70},[64,130841,86],{"class":78},[64,130843,130844],{"class":70}," Chris!\n",[64,130846,130847,130849,130851,130853,130855,130857],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,130848,3121],{"class":74},[64,130850,3124],{"class":1895},[64,130852,326],{"class":320},[64,130854,3276],{"class":329},[64,130856,333],{"class":320},[64,130858,3133],{"class":74},[20,130860,130861],{},"The original string is not changed.",[50,130863,130865,130867],{"id":130864},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130866,126000],{}," vs f-strings",[20,130869,130870,130872],{},[15,130871,126000],{}," is a string method.",[20,130874,130875],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,130877,45676,130878,160],{},[15,130879,126000],{},[55,130881,130883],{"className":57,"code":130882,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,130884,130885,130898],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,130886,130887,130889,130891,130893,130896],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130888,7477],{"class":70},[64,130890,75],{"class":74},[64,130892,3184],{"class":320},[64,130894,130895],{"class":329},"Rita",[64,130897,3190],{"class":320},[64,130899,130900,130902,130904,130906,130908,130910,130912,130914,130916,130918,130920,130922],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,130901,125],{"class":108},[64,130903,112],{"class":78},[64,130905,2686],{"class":320},[64,130907,44537],{"class":329},[64,130909,272],{"class":82},[64,130911,89490],{"class":329},[64,130913,2686],{"class":320},[64,130915,148],{"class":78},[64,130917,129720],{"class":115},[64,130919,112],{"class":78},[64,130921,7267],{"class":115},[64,130923,471],{"class":78},[20,130925,130926],{},"Example with an f-string:",[55,130928,130930],{"className":57,"code":130929,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,130931,130932,130944],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,130933,130934,130936,130938,130940,130942],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130935,7477],{"class":70},[64,130937,75],{"class":74},[64,130939,3184],{"class":320},[64,130941,130895],{"class":329},[64,130943,3190],{"class":320},[64,130945,130946,130948,130950,130952,130954,130956,130958,130960,130963],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,130947,125],{"class":108},[64,130949,112],{"class":78},[64,130951,21915],{"class":1895},[64,130953,42981],{"class":329},[64,130955,8884],{"class":82},[64,130957,7267],{"class":115},[64,130959,21924],{"class":82},[64,130961,130962],{"class":329},"!\"",[64,130964,119],{"class":78},[20,130966,130967],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,130969,130970,130971,130973,130974,148],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,130972,126000],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[285,130975,89335],{"href":89334},[50,130977,2661],{"id":2660},[20,130979,130980,130981,148],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,130982,126000],{},[428,130984,130986],{"id":130985},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,130988,130989],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[55,130991,130993],{"className":57,"code":130992,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130994,130995,131028],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,130996,130997,130999,131001,131003,131005,131007,131010,131012,131014,131016,131018,131020,131022,131024,131026],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,130998,34315],{"class":70},[64,131000,75],{"class":74},[64,131002,3184],{"class":320},[64,131004,44537],{"class":329},[64,131006,272],{"class":82},[64,131008,131009],{"class":82}," {}",[64,131011,89490],{"class":329},[64,131013,2686],{"class":320},[64,131015,148],{"class":78},[64,131017,129720],{"class":115},[64,131019,112],{"class":78},[64,131021,2686],{"class":320},[64,131023,7276],{"class":329},[64,131025,2686],{"class":320},[64,131027,119],{"class":78},[64,131029,131030,131032,131034,131036],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,131031,125],{"class":108},[64,131033,112],{"class":78},[64,131035,34336],{"class":115},[64,131037,119],{"class":78},[20,131039,131040],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131042,131043],{},"Fixed version:",[55,131045,131047],{"className":57,"code":131046,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131048,131049,131090],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,131050,131051,131053,131055,131057,131059,131061,131063,131065,131067,131069,131071,131073,131075,131077,131079,131081,131083,131086,131088],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,131052,34315],{"class":70},[64,131054,75],{"class":74},[64,131056,3184],{"class":320},[64,131058,44537],{"class":329},[64,131060,272],{"class":82},[64,131062,131009],{"class":82},[64,131064,89490],{"class":329},[64,131066,2686],{"class":320},[64,131068,148],{"class":78},[64,131070,129720],{"class":115},[64,131072,112],{"class":78},[64,131074,2686],{"class":320},[64,131076,7276],{"class":329},[64,131078,2686],{"class":320},[64,131080,86],{"class":78},[64,131082,3184],{"class":320},[64,131084,131085],{"class":329},"Lee",[64,131087,2686],{"class":320},[64,131089,119],{"class":78},[64,131091,131092,131094,131096,131098],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,131093,125],{"class":108},[64,131095,112],{"class":78},[64,131097,34336],{"class":115},[64,131099,119],{"class":78},[428,131101,131103],{"id":131102},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131105,131106,131107,148],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131108,126000],{},[20,131110,131111],{},"Problem:",[55,131113,131115],{"className":57,"code":131114,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131116,131117,131151],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,131118,131119,131121,131123,131125,131127,131129,131131,131133,131135,131137,131139,131141,131143,131145,131147,131149],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,131120,34315],{"class":70},[64,131122,75],{"class":74},[64,131124,3184],{"class":320},[64,131126,44537],{"class":329},[64,131128,130337],{"class":82},[64,131130,89490],{"class":329},[64,131132,2686],{"class":320},[64,131134,148],{"class":78},[64,131136,129720],{"class":115},[64,131138,112],{"class":78},[64,131140,7586],{"class":8781},[64,131142,75],{"class":74},[64,131144,2686],{"class":320},[64,131146,7276],{"class":329},[64,131148,2686],{"class":320},[64,131150,119],{"class":78},[64,131152,131153,131155,131157,131159],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,131154,125],{"class":108},[64,131156,112],{"class":78},[64,131158,34336],{"class":115},[64,131160,119],{"class":78},[20,131162,131043],{},[55,131164,131166],{"className":57,"code":131165,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131167,131168,131202],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,131169,131170,131172,131174,131176,131178,131180,131182,131184,131186,131188,131190,131192,131194,131196,131198,131200],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,131171,34315],{"class":70},[64,131173,75],{"class":74},[64,131175,3184],{"class":320},[64,131177,44537],{"class":329},[64,131179,130337],{"class":82},[64,131181,89490],{"class":329},[64,131183,2686],{"class":320},[64,131185,148],{"class":78},[64,131187,129720],{"class":115},[64,131189,112],{"class":78},[64,131191,7267],{"class":8781},[64,131193,75],{"class":74},[64,131195,2686],{"class":320},[64,131197,7276],{"class":329},[64,131199,2686],{"class":320},[64,131201,119],{"class":78},[64,131203,131204,131206,131208,131210],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,131205,125],{"class":108},[64,131207,112],{"class":78},[64,131209,34336],{"class":115},[64,131211,119],{"class":78},[428,131213,8056,131215,131217],{"id":131214},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131216,126000],{}," to change the original string",[20,131219,131220,131222],{},[15,131221,126000],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131224,131111],{},[55,131226,131228],{"className":57,"code":131227,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131229,131230,131244,131262],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,131231,131232,131234,131236,131238,131240,131242],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,131233,34315],{"class":70},[64,131235,75],{"class":74},[64,131237,3184],{"class":320},[64,131239,44537],{"class":329},[64,131241,272],{"class":82},[64,131243,3190],{"class":320},[64,131245,131246,131248,131250,131252,131254,131256,131258,131260],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,131247,34336],{"class":70},[64,131249,148],{"class":78},[64,131251,129720],{"class":115},[64,131253,112],{"class":78},[64,131255,2686],{"class":320},[64,131257,7276],{"class":329},[64,131259,2686],{"class":320},[64,131261,119],{"class":78},[64,131263,131264,131266,131268,131270],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,131265,125],{"class":108},[64,131267,112],{"class":78},[64,131269,34336],{"class":115},[64,131271,119],{"class":78},[20,131273,131274],{},[221,131275,384],{},[55,131277,131279],{"className":57,"code":131278,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131280,131281],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,131282,131283,131285,131287],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,131284,34495],{"class":70},[64,131286,86],{"class":78},[64,131288,9445],{"class":78},[20,131290,131043],{},[55,131292,131294],{"className":57,"code":131293,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131295,131296,131310,131332],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,131297,131298,131300,131302,131304,131306,131308],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,131299,34315],{"class":70},[64,131301,75],{"class":74},[64,131303,3184],{"class":320},[64,131305,44537],{"class":329},[64,131307,272],{"class":82},[64,131309,3190],{"class":320},[64,131311,131312,131314,131316,131318,131320,131322,131324,131326,131328,131330],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,131313,34315],{"class":70},[64,131315,75],{"class":74},[64,131317,42476],{"class":70},[64,131319,148],{"class":78},[64,131321,129720],{"class":115},[64,131323,112],{"class":78},[64,131325,2686],{"class":320},[64,131327,7276],{"class":329},[64,131329,2686],{"class":320},[64,131331,119],{"class":78},[64,131333,131334,131336,131338,131340],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,131335,125],{"class":108},[64,131337,112],{"class":78},[64,131339,34336],{"class":115},[64,131341,119],{"class":78},[428,131343,1212,131345,131347],{"id":131344},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131346,126000],{}," returns a new string",[20,131349,131350],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[428,131352,131354],{"id":131353},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131356,131357],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131359,131360,131361,131363],{},"Use simple ",[15,131362,272],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131365,131366,131367,148],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[285,131368,90048],{"href":90047},[50,131370,67537],{"id":67536},[20,131372,131373],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[55,131375,131377],{"className":57,"code":131376,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131378,131379,131389,131403,131432],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,131380,131381,131383,131385,131387],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,131382,125],{"class":108},[64,131384,112],{"class":78},[64,131386,34336],{"class":115},[64,131388,119],{"class":78},[64,131390,131391,131393,131395,131397,131399,131401],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,131392,125],{"class":108},[64,131394,112],{"class":78},[64,131396,3052],{"class":357},[64,131398,112],{"class":78},[64,131400,2302],{"class":115},[64,131402,471],{"class":78},[64,131404,131405,131407,131409,131411,131414,131416,131418,131420,131422,131424,131426,131428,131430],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,131406,125],{"class":108},[64,131408,112],{"class":78},[64,131410,2686],{"class":320},[64,131412,131413],{"class":329},"Hello ",[64,131415,272],{"class":82},[64,131417,2686],{"class":320},[64,131419,148],{"class":78},[64,131421,129720],{"class":115},[64,131423,112],{"class":78},[64,131425,2686],{"class":320},[64,131427,7276],{"class":329},[64,131429,2686],{"class":320},[64,131431,471],{"class":78},[64,131433,131434,131436,131438,131440,131442,131444],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,131435,31778],{"class":108},[64,131437,112],{"class":78},[64,131439,3276],{"class":357},[64,131441,148],{"class":78},[64,131443,129720],{"class":24372},[64,131445,119],{"class":78},[20,131447,131448],{},"Use them to check:",[30,131450,131451,131454,131457,131460],{},[33,131452,131453],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[33,131455,131456],{},"what type your value has",[33,131458,131459],{},"whether a small test example works",[33,131461,131462,131463],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131464,131465],{},"str.format",[50,131467,1651],{"id":1650},[428,131469,129501,131471,12329],{"id":131470},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131472,126000],{},[20,131474,131475],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[428,131477,131479],{"id":131478},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131481,131482,131483,131485],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131484,272],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[428,131487,131489,131490,1677],{"id":131488},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131491,126000],{},[20,131493,131494,131495,131498],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131496,131497],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[428,131500,14519,131502,131504],{"id":131501},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131503,126000],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131506,131507,131508,131510],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131509,126000],{}," is still useful and common.",[50,131512,1717],{"id":1716},[30,131514,131515,131519,131523,131529,131535],{},[33,131516,131517],{},[285,131518,124752],{"href":50613},[33,131520,131521],{},[285,131522,90325],{"href":89334},[33,131524,131525],{},[285,131526,13,131527,1713],{"href":46085},[15,131528,46088],{},[33,131530,131531],{},[285,131532,13,131533,1713],{"href":41809},[15,131534,47320],{},[33,131536,131537],{},[285,131538,90048],{"href":90047},[1751,131540,131541],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":131543},[131544,131545,131547,131548,131549,131550,131551,131552,131554,131563,131564,131573],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":129787,"depth":100,"text":131546},"What the format() method does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":130068,"depth":100,"text":130069},{"id":130330,"depth":100,"text":130331},{"id":130561,"depth":100,"text":130562},{"id":17036,"depth":100,"text":17037},{"id":130864,"depth":100,"text":131553},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661,"children":131555},[131556,131557,131558,131560,131562],{"id":130985,"depth":122,"text":130986},{"id":131102,"depth":122,"text":131103},{"id":131214,"depth":122,"text":131559},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131344,"depth":122,"text":131561},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131353,"depth":122,"text":131354},{"id":67536,"depth":100,"text":67537},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":131565},[131566,131568,131569,131571],{"id":131470,"depth":122,"text":131567},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131478,"depth":122,"text":131479},{"id":131488,"depth":122,"text":131570},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131501,"depth":122,"text":131572},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129647,"description":131574},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131581,"title":131582,"body":131583,"description":133063,"extension":1791,"meta":133064,"navigation":346,"path":133065,"seo":133066,"stem":133067,"__hash__":133068},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131584,"toc":133035},[131585,131590,131595,131600,131602,131664,131671,131677,131682,131684,131700,131702,131773,131775,131789,131792,131842,131844,131846,131873,131876,131891,131894,131935,131938,131983,131990,132039,132041,132049,132051,132069,132071,132164,132172,132213,132218,132225,132231,132238,132241,132245,132346,132348,132370,132374,132427,132430,132433,132439,132446,132448,132487,132489,132507,132517,132524,132607,132610,132617,132624,132631,132635,132643,132689,132693,132702,132767,132772,132777,132788,132790,132795,132822,132824,132927,132930,132950,132952,132957,132960,132964,132968,132975,132984,132990,132993,132999,133001,133003,133032],[10,131586,122997,131588,10932],{"id":131587},"python-string-index-method",[15,131589,58608],{},[20,131591,123002,131592,131594],{},[15,131593,58608],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131596,131597,131598,148],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131599,40337],{},[50,131601,1833],{"id":1832},[55,131603,131605],{"className":57,"code":131604,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131606,131607,131619,131641,131651,131655,131659],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,131608,131609,131611,131613,131615,131617],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,131610,34315],{"class":70},[64,131612,75],{"class":74},[64,131614,3184],{"class":320},[64,131616,60047],{"class":329},[64,131618,3190],{"class":320},[64,131620,131621,131623,131625,131627,131629,131631,131633,131635,131637,131639],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,131622,64561],{"class":70},[64,131624,75],{"class":74},[64,131626,42476],{"class":70},[64,131628,148],{"class":78},[64,131630,35475],{"class":115},[64,131632,112],{"class":78},[64,131634,2686],{"class":320},[64,131636,60232],{"class":329},[64,131638,2686],{"class":320},[64,131640,119],{"class":78},[64,131642,131643,131645,131647,131649],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,131644,125],{"class":108},[64,131646,112],{"class":78},[64,131648,64588],{"class":115},[64,131650,119],{"class":78},[64,131652,131653],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,131654,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,131656,131657],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,131658,90466],{"class":136},[64,131660,131661],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,131662,131663],{"class":136},"# 6\n",[20,131665,1923,131666,131668,131669,148],{},[15,131667,58608],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131670,40337],{},[50,131672,152,131674,155],{"id":131673},"what-strindex-does",[15,131675,131676],{},"str.index()",[20,131678,131679,131681],{},[15,131680,131676],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131683,12666],{},[30,131685,131686,131689,131692,131695],{},[33,131687,131688],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[33,131690,131691],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[33,131693,131694],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[33,131696,29918,131697,131699],{},[15,131698,40337],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131701,916],{},[55,131703,131705],{"className":57,"code":131704,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131706,131707,131719,131723,131748],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,131708,131709,131711,131713,131715,131717],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,131710,34315],{"class":70},[64,131712,75],{"class":74},[64,131714,3184],{"class":320},[64,131716,585],{"class":329},[64,131718,3190],{"class":320},[64,131720,131721],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,131722,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,131724,131725,131727,131729,131731,131733,131735,131737,131739,131741,131743,131745],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,131726,125],{"class":108},[64,131728,112],{"class":78},[64,131730,34336],{"class":115},[64,131732,148],{"class":78},[64,131734,35475],{"class":115},[64,131736,112],{"class":78},[64,131738,2686],{"class":320},[64,131740,285],{"class":329},[64,131742,2686],{"class":320},[64,131744,4954],{"class":78},[64,131746,131747],{"class":136},"     # 1\n",[64,131749,131750,131752,131754,131756,131758,131760,131762,131764,131766,131768,131770],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,131751,125],{"class":108},[64,131753,112],{"class":78},[64,131755,34336],{"class":115},[64,131757,148],{"class":78},[64,131759,35475],{"class":115},[64,131761,112],{"class":78},[64,131763,2686],{"class":320},[64,131765,123090],{"class":329},[64,131767,2686],{"class":320},[64,131769,4954],{"class":78},[64,131771,131772],{"class":136},"    # 2\n",[20,131774,2009],{},[30,131776,131777,131783],{},[33,131778,131779,128210,131781],{},[15,131780,17715],{},[15,131782,83],{},[33,131784,131785,128210,131787],{},[15,131786,128209],{},[15,131788,815],{},[20,131790,131791],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[55,131793,131795],{"className":57,"code":131794,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131796,131797,131809,131813,131837],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,131798,131799,131801,131803,131805,131807],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,131800,34315],{"class":70},[64,131802,75],{"class":74},[64,131804,3184],{"class":320},[64,131806,34495],{"class":329},[64,131808,3190],{"class":320},[64,131810,131811],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,131812,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,131814,131815,131817,131819,131821,131823,131825,131827,131829,131831,131833,131835],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,131816,125],{"class":108},[64,131818,112],{"class":78},[64,131820,34336],{"class":115},[64,131822,148],{"class":78},[64,131824,35475],{"class":115},[64,131826,112],{"class":78},[64,131828,2686],{"class":320},[64,131830,50829],{"class":329},[64,131832,2686],{"class":320},[64,131834,4954],{"class":78},[64,131836,20388],{"class":136},[64,131838,131839],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,131840,131841],{"class":136},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[50,131843,1988],{"id":1987},[20,131845,1991],{},[55,131847,131849],{"className":57,"code":131848,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,131850,131851],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,131852,131853,131855,131857,131859,131861,131863,131865,131867,131869,131871],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,131854,60815],{"class":70},[64,131856,148],{"class":78},[64,131858,35475],{"class":115},[64,131860,112],{"class":78},[64,131862,2302],{"class":115},[64,131864,86],{"class":78},[64,131866,35681],{"class":115},[64,131868,86],{"class":78},[64,131870,64682],{"class":115},[64,131872,119],{"class":78},[20,131874,131875],{},"Parameters:",[30,131877,131878,131882,131886],{},[33,131879,131880,123189],{},[15,131881,2302],{},[33,131883,131884,128256],{},[15,131885,35702],{},[33,131887,131888,131890],{},[15,131889,52299],{},": optional stopping position",[20,131892,131893],{},"You can use just the value:",[55,131895,131897],{"className":57,"code":131896,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131898,131899,131911],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,131900,131901,131903,131905,131907,131909],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,131902,34315],{"class":70},[64,131904,75],{"class":74},[64,131906,3184],{"class":320},[64,131908,59],{"class":329},[64,131910,3190],{"class":320},[64,131912,131913,131915,131917,131919,131921,131923,131925,131927,131929,131931,131933],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,131914,125],{"class":108},[64,131916,112],{"class":78},[64,131918,34336],{"class":115},[64,131920,148],{"class":78},[64,131922,35475],{"class":115},[64,131924,112],{"class":78},[64,131926,2686],{"class":320},[64,131928,62928],{"class":329},[64,131930,2686],{"class":320},[64,131932,4954],{"class":78},[64,131934,51053],{"class":136},[20,131936,131937],{},"Or include a start position:",[55,131939,131941],{"className":57,"code":131940,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,131942,131943,131955],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,131944,131945,131947,131949,131951,131953],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,131946,34315],{"class":70},[64,131948,75],{"class":74},[64,131950,3184],{"class":320},[64,131952,585],{"class":329},[64,131954,3190],{"class":320},[64,131956,131957,131959,131961,131963,131965,131967,131969,131971,131973,131975,131977,131979,131981],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,131958,125],{"class":108},[64,131960,112],{"class":78},[64,131962,34336],{"class":115},[64,131964,148],{"class":78},[64,131966,35475],{"class":115},[64,131968,112],{"class":78},[64,131970,2686],{"class":320},[64,131972,285],{"class":329},[64,131974,2686],{"class":320},[64,131976,86],{"class":78},[64,131978,89],{"class":82},[64,131980,4954],{"class":78},[64,131982,50408],{"class":136},[20,131984,131985,131986,896,131988,160],{},"Or include both ",[15,131987,35702],{},[15,131989,52299],{},[55,131991,131993],{"className":57,"code":131992,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,131994,131995,132007],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,131996,131997,131999,132001,132003,132005],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,131998,34315],{"class":70},[64,132000,75],{"class":74},[64,132002,3184],{"class":320},[64,132004,585],{"class":329},[64,132006,3190],{"class":320},[64,132008,132009,132011,132013,132015,132017,132019,132021,132023,132025,132027,132029,132031,132033,132035,132037],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,132010,125],{"class":108},[64,132012,112],{"class":78},[64,132014,34336],{"class":115},[64,132016,148],{"class":78},[64,132018,35475],{"class":115},[64,132020,112],{"class":78},[64,132022,2686],{"class":320},[64,132024,285],{"class":329},[64,132026,2686],{"class":320},[64,132028,86],{"class":78},[64,132030,89],{"class":82},[64,132032,86],{"class":78},[64,132034,1112],{"class":82},[64,132036,4954],{"class":78},[64,132038,50408],{"class":136},[50,132040,37652],{"id":37651},[20,132042,28332,132043,132045,132046,148],{},[15,132044,58608],{}," is a ",[221,132047,132048],{},"zero-based index",[20,132050,1938],{},[30,132052,132053,132059,132064],{},[33,132054,132055,132056,132058],{},"Index ",[15,132057,243],{}," is the first character",[33,132060,132055,132061,132063],{},[15,132062,83],{}," is the second character",[33,132065,132055,132066,132068],{},[15,132067,815],{}," is the third character",[20,132070,916],{},[55,132072,132074],{"className":57,"code":132073,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132075,132076,132088,132092,132116,132140],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,132077,132078,132080,132082,132084,132086],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,132079,34315],{"class":70},[64,132081,75],{"class":74},[64,132083,3184],{"class":320},[64,132085,36678],{"class":329},[64,132087,3190],{"class":320},[64,132089,132090],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,132091,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,132093,132094,132096,132098,132100,132102,132104,132106,132108,132110,132112,132114],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,132095,125],{"class":108},[64,132097,112],{"class":78},[64,132099,34336],{"class":115},[64,132101,148],{"class":78},[64,132103,35475],{"class":115},[64,132105,112],{"class":78},[64,132107,2686],{"class":320},[64,132109,9346],{"class":329},[64,132111,2686],{"class":320},[64,132113,4954],{"class":78},[64,132115,50885],{"class":136},[64,132117,132118,132120,132122,132124,132126,132128,132130,132132,132134,132136,132138],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,132119,125],{"class":108},[64,132121,112],{"class":78},[64,132123,34336],{"class":115},[64,132125,148],{"class":78},[64,132127,35475],{"class":115},[64,132129,112],{"class":78},[64,132131,2686],{"class":320},[64,132133,285],{"class":329},[64,132135,2686],{"class":320},[64,132137,4954],{"class":78},[64,132139,27403],{"class":136},[64,132141,132142,132144,132146,132148,132150,132152,132154,132156,132158,132160,132162],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,132143,125],{"class":108},[64,132145,112],{"class":78},[64,132147,34336],{"class":115},[64,132149,148],{"class":78},[64,132151,35475],{"class":115},[64,132153,112],{"class":78},[64,132155,2686],{"class":320},[64,132157,62928],{"class":329},[64,132159,2686],{"class":320},[64,132161,4954],{"class":78},[64,132163,51053],{"class":136},[20,132165,132166,132168,132169,132171],{},[15,132167,58608],{}," returns only the ",[221,132170,29533],{}," matching position.",[55,132173,132175],{"className":57,"code":132174,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132176,132177,132189],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,132178,132179,132181,132183,132185,132187],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,132180,34315],{"class":70},[64,132182,75],{"class":74},[64,132184,3184],{"class":320},[64,132186,585],{"class":329},[64,132188,3190],{"class":320},[64,132190,132191,132193,132195,132197,132199,132201,132203,132205,132207,132209,132211],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,132192,125],{"class":108},[64,132194,112],{"class":78},[64,132196,34336],{"class":115},[64,132198,148],{"class":78},[64,132200,35475],{"class":115},[64,132202,112],{"class":78},[64,132204,2686],{"class":320},[64,132206,285],{"class":329},[64,132208,2686],{"class":320},[64,132210,4954],{"class":78},[64,132212,27403],{"class":136},[20,132214,20598,132215,132217],{},[15,132216,17715],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132219,132220,132221,148],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[285,132222,132223,10349],{"href":124447},[15,132224,58230],{},[50,132226,8020,132227,896,132229],{"id":65048},[15,132228,35702],{},[15,132230,52299],{},[20,132232,1808,132233,896,132235,132237],{},[15,132234,35702],{},[15,132236,52299],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132239,132240],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132242,45676,132243,160],{},[15,132244,35702],{},[55,132246,132248],{"className":57,"code":132247,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132249,132250,132262,132266,132290,132318],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,132251,132252,132254,132256,132258,132260],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,132253,34315],{"class":70},[64,132255,75],{"class":74},[64,132257,3184],{"class":320},[64,132259,585],{"class":329},[64,132261,3190],{"class":320},[64,132263,132264],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,132265,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,132267,132268,132270,132272,132274,132276,132278,132280,132282,132284,132286,132288],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,132269,125],{"class":108},[64,132271,112],{"class":78},[64,132273,34336],{"class":115},[64,132275,148],{"class":78},[64,132277,35475],{"class":115},[64,132279,112],{"class":78},[64,132281,2686],{"class":320},[64,132283,285],{"class":329},[64,132285,2686],{"class":320},[64,132287,4954],{"class":78},[64,132289,50758],{"class":136},[64,132291,132292,132294,132296,132298,132300,132302,132304,132306,132308,132310,132312,132314,132316],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,132293,125],{"class":108},[64,132295,112],{"class":78},[64,132297,34336],{"class":115},[64,132299,148],{"class":78},[64,132301,35475],{"class":115},[64,132303,112],{"class":78},[64,132305,2686],{"class":320},[64,132307,285],{"class":329},[64,132309,2686],{"class":320},[64,132311,86],{"class":78},[64,132313,89],{"class":82},[64,132315,4954],{"class":78},[64,132317,50607],{"class":136},[64,132319,132320,132322,132324,132326,132328,132330,132332,132334,132336,132338,132340,132342,132344],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,132321,125],{"class":108},[64,132323,112],{"class":78},[64,132325,34336],{"class":115},[64,132327,148],{"class":78},[64,132329,35475],{"class":115},[64,132331,112],{"class":78},[64,132333,2686],{"class":320},[64,132335,285],{"class":329},[64,132337,2686],{"class":320},[64,132339,86],{"class":78},[64,132341,2286],{"class":82},[64,132343,4954],{"class":78},[64,132345,50391],{"class":136},[20,132347,19577],{},[30,132349,132350,132357,132363],{},[33,132351,132352,132353,65238,132355],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132354,17715],{},[15,132356,83],{},[33,132358,132359,132360,132362],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132361,815],{}," skips that first match",[33,132364,132359,132365,132367,132368],{},[15,132366,2334],{}," finds the last ",[15,132369,17715],{},[20,132371,45676,132372,160],{},[15,132373,52299],{},[55,132375,132377],{"className":57,"code":132376,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132378,132379,132391,132395],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,132380,132381,132383,132385,132387,132389],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,132382,34315],{"class":70},[64,132384,75],{"class":74},[64,132386,3184],{"class":320},[64,132388,585],{"class":329},[64,132390,3190],{"class":320},[64,132392,132393],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,132394,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,132396,132397,132399,132401,132403,132405,132407,132409,132411,132413,132415,132417,132419,132421,132423,132425],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,132398,125],{"class":108},[64,132400,112],{"class":78},[64,132402,34336],{"class":115},[64,132404,148],{"class":78},[64,132406,35475],{"class":115},[64,132408,112],{"class":78},[64,132410,2686],{"class":320},[64,132412,75672],{"class":329},[64,132414,2686],{"class":320},[64,132416,86],{"class":78},[64,132418,315],{"class":82},[64,132420,86],{"class":78},[64,132422,2286],{"class":82},[64,132424,4954],{"class":78},[64,132426,51053],{"class":136},[20,132428,132429],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132431,132432],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[50,132434,43848,132436,132438],{"id":132435},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132437,58608],{}," causes an error",[20,132440,132441,132442,52133,132444,148],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132443,58608],{},[15,132445,40337],{},[20,132447,916],{},[55,132449,132451],{"className":57,"code":132450,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132452,132453,132465],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,132454,132455,132457,132459,132461,132463],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,132456,34315],{"class":70},[64,132458,75],{"class":74},[64,132460,3184],{"class":320},[64,132462,330],{"class":329},[64,132464,3190],{"class":320},[64,132466,132467,132469,132471,132473,132475,132477,132479,132481,132483,132485],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,132468,125],{"class":108},[64,132470,112],{"class":78},[64,132472,34336],{"class":115},[64,132474,148],{"class":78},[64,132476,35475],{"class":115},[64,132478,112],{"class":78},[64,132480,2686],{"class":320},[64,132482,21698],{"class":329},[64,132484,2686],{"class":320},[64,132486,471],{"class":78},[20,132488,384],{},[55,132490,132492],{"className":57,"code":132491,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132493,132494],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,132495,132496,132498,132500,132503,132505],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,132497,40337],{"class":357},[64,132499,160],{"class":78},[64,132501,132502],{"class":70}," substring ",[64,132504,1138],{"class":74},[64,132506,65471],{"class":70},[20,132508,52980,132509,125963,132514,132516],{},[285,132510,132511],{"href":129641},[15,132512,132513],{},"str.find()",[15,132515,65496],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132518,132519,132520,896,132522,160],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132521,29428],{},[15,132523,29459],{},[55,132525,132527],{"className":57,"code":132526,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132528,132529,132541,132545,132551,132574,132584,132592],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,132530,132531,132533,132535,132537,132539],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,132532,34315],{"class":70},[64,132534,75],{"class":74},[64,132536,3184],{"class":320},[64,132538,330],{"class":329},[64,132540,3190],{"class":320},[64,132542,132543],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,132544,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,132546,132547,132549],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,132548,29428],{"class":368},[64,132550,5989],{"class":78},[64,132552,132553,132556,132558,132560,132562,132564,132566,132568,132570,132572],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,132554,132555],{"class":70},"    position ",[64,132557,75],{"class":74},[64,132559,42476],{"class":70},[64,132561,148],{"class":78},[64,132563,35475],{"class":115},[64,132565,112],{"class":78},[64,132567,2686],{"class":320},[64,132569,21698],{"class":329},[64,132571,2686],{"class":320},[64,132573,119],{"class":78},[64,132575,132576,132578,132580,132582],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,132577,7670],{"class":108},[64,132579,112],{"class":78},[64,132581,64588],{"class":115},[64,132583,119],{"class":78},[64,132585,132586,132588,132590],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,132587,29459],{"class":368},[64,132589,41560],{"class":357},[64,132591,5989],{"class":78},[64,132593,132594,132596,132598,132600,132603,132605],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,132595,7670],{"class":108},[64,132597,112],{"class":78},[64,132599,2686],{"class":320},[64,132601,132602],{"class":329},"Substring not found",[64,132604,2686],{"class":320},[64,132606,119],{"class":78},[20,132608,132609],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132611,41580,132612,148],{},[285,132613,25302,132615],{"href":132614},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132616,128968],{},[50,132618,132620,10193,132622],{"id":132619},"index-vs-find",[15,132621,58608],{},[15,132623,123992],{},[20,132625,132626,896,132628,132630],{},[15,132627,58608],{},[15,132629,123992],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[428,132632,132633],{"id":35475},[15,132634,58608],{},[30,132636,132637,132640],{},[33,132638,132639],{},"Returns the first match position",[33,132641,132642],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[55,132644,132646],{"className":57,"code":132645,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132647,132648,132660,132684],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,132649,132650,132652,132654,132656,132658],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,132651,34315],{"class":70},[64,132653,75],{"class":74},[64,132655,3184],{"class":320},[64,132657,330],{"class":329},[64,132659,3190],{"class":320},[64,132661,132662,132664,132666,132668,132670,132672,132674,132676,132678,132680,132682],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,132663,125],{"class":108},[64,132665,112],{"class":78},[64,132667,34336],{"class":115},[64,132669,148],{"class":78},[64,132671,35475],{"class":115},[64,132673,112],{"class":78},[64,132675,2686],{"class":320},[64,132677,60088],{"class":329},[64,132679,2686],{"class":320},[64,132681,4954],{"class":78},[64,132683,27403],{"class":136},[64,132685,132686],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,132687,132688],{"class":136},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[428,132690,132691],{"id":128022},[15,132692,123992],{},[30,132694,132695,132697],{},[33,132696,132639],{},[33,132698,11034,132699,132701],{},[15,132700,65496],{}," if nothing is found",[55,132703,132705],{"className":57,"code":132704,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132706,132707,132719,132743],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,132708,132709,132711,132713,132715,132717],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,132710,34315],{"class":70},[64,132712,75],{"class":74},[64,132714,3184],{"class":320},[64,132716,330],{"class":329},[64,132718,3190],{"class":320},[64,132720,132721,132723,132725,132727,132729,132731,132733,132735,132737,132739,132741],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,132722,125],{"class":108},[64,132724,112],{"class":78},[64,132726,34336],{"class":115},[64,132728,148],{"class":78},[64,132730,128022],{"class":115},[64,132732,112],{"class":78},[64,132734,2686],{"class":320},[64,132736,60088],{"class":329},[64,132738,2686],{"class":320},[64,132740,4954],{"class":78},[64,132742,27403],{"class":136},[64,132744,132745,132747,132749,132751,132753,132755,132757,132759,132761,132763,132765],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,132746,125],{"class":108},[64,132748,112],{"class":78},[64,132750,34336],{"class":115},[64,132752,148],{"class":78},[64,132754,128022],{"class":115},[64,132756,112],{"class":78},[64,132758,2686],{"class":320},[64,132760,21698],{"class":329},[64,132762,2686],{"class":320},[64,132764,4954],{"class":78},[64,132766,128378],{"class":136},[20,132768,1923,132769,132771],{},[15,132770,58608],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132773,1923,132774,132776],{},[15,132775,123992],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132778,132779,132780,212,132785,148],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[285,132781,132782,132784],{"href":129641},[15,132783,132513],{}," method reference",[285,132786,127033],{"href":132787},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[50,132789,2661],{"id":2660},[20,132791,132792,132793,160],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132794,58608],{},[30,132796,132797,132800,132807,132812,132817],{},[33,132798,132799],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[33,132801,8056,132802,8059,132804,132806],{},[15,132803,58608],{},[15,132805,65496],{}," when no match exists",[33,132808,8020,132809,132811],{},[15,132810,58608],{}," on a value that may not be present",[33,132813,132814,132815],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132816,83],{},[33,132818,1085,132819,132821],{},[15,132820,58608],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,132823,61936],{},[55,132825,132827],{"className":57,"code":132826,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132828,132829,132839,132853,132875,132897],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,132830,132831,132833,132835,132837],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,132832,125],{"class":108},[64,132834,112],{"class":78},[64,132836,34336],{"class":115},[64,132838,119],{"class":78},[64,132840,132841,132843,132845,132847,132849,132851],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,132842,125],{"class":108},[64,132844,112],{"class":78},[64,132846,41413],{"class":108},[64,132848,112],{"class":78},[64,132850,34336],{"class":115},[64,132852,471],{"class":78},[64,132854,132855,132857,132859,132861,132863,132865,132867,132869,132871,132873],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,132856,125],{"class":108},[64,132858,112],{"class":78},[64,132860,34336],{"class":115},[64,132862,148],{"class":78},[64,132864,35475],{"class":115},[64,132866,112],{"class":78},[64,132868,2686],{"class":320},[64,132870,2302],{"class":329},[64,132872,2686],{"class":320},[64,132874,471],{"class":78},[64,132876,132877,132879,132881,132883,132885,132887,132889,132891,132893,132895],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,132878,125],{"class":108},[64,132880,112],{"class":78},[64,132882,34336],{"class":115},[64,132884,148],{"class":78},[64,132886,128022],{"class":115},[64,132888,112],{"class":78},[64,132890,2686],{"class":320},[64,132892,2302],{"class":329},[64,132894,2686],{"class":320},[64,132896,471],{"class":78},[64,132898,132899,132901,132903,132905,132907,132909,132911,132913,132915,132917,132919,132921,132923,132925],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,132900,125],{"class":108},[64,132902,112],{"class":78},[64,132904,34336],{"class":115},[64,132906,148],{"class":78},[64,132908,35475],{"class":115},[64,132910,112],{"class":78},[64,132912,2686],{"class":320},[64,132914,2302],{"class":329},[64,132916,2686],{"class":320},[64,132918,86],{"class":78},[64,132920,35681],{"class":115},[64,132922,86],{"class":78},[64,132924,64682],{"class":115},[64,132926,471],{"class":78},[20,132928,132929],{},"Tips:",[30,132931,132932,132937,132942,132945],{},[33,132933,1923,132934,132936],{},[15,132935,125919],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[33,132938,1923,132939,132941],{},[15,132940,123992],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[33,132943,132944],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[33,132946,132947,132948],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,132949,243],{},[50,132951,1651],{"id":1650},[428,132953,129501,132955,12329],{"id":132954},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,132956,58608],{},[20,132958,132959],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[428,132961,132963],{"id":132962},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,132965,76500,132966,148],{},[15,132967,40337],{},[428,132969,1694,132971,896,132973,1677],{"id":132970},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,132972,58608],{},[15,132974,123992],{},[20,132976,132977,132979,132980,44,132982,6228],{},[15,132978,58608],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,132981,123992],{},[15,132983,65496],{},[428,132985,1684,132987,132989],{"id":132986},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,132988,58608],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,132991,132992],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[428,132994,132996,132997,124333],{"id":132995},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,132998,58608],{},[20,133000,129526],{},[50,133002,1717],{"id":1716},[30,133004,133005,133011,133015,133020,133026],{},[33,133006,133007],{},[285,133008,133009,10349],{"href":129641},[15,133010,132513],{},[33,133012,133013],{},[285,133014,124396],{"href":132787},[33,133016,133017],{},[285,133018,129602],{"href":133019},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[33,133021,133022],{},[285,133023,133024,10349],{"href":124447},[15,133025,58230],{},[33,133027,133028],{},[285,133029,29972,133030],{"href":132614},[15,133031,128968],{},[1751,133033,133034],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":133036},[133037,133038,133040,133041,133042,133043,133045,133050,133051,133062],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":131673,"depth":100,"text":133039},"What str.index() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":37651,"depth":100,"text":37652},{"id":65048,"depth":100,"text":65831},{"id":132435,"depth":100,"text":133044},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132619,"depth":100,"text":133046,"children":133047},"index() vs find()",[133048,133049],{"id":35475,"depth":122,"text":58608},{"id":128022,"depth":122,"text":123992},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":133052},[133053,133055,133056,133058,133060],{"id":132954,"depth":122,"text":133054},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":132962,"depth":122,"text":132963},{"id":132970,"depth":122,"text":133057},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":132986,"depth":122,"text":133059},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":132995,"depth":122,"text":133061},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131582,"description":133063},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133070,"title":133071,"body":133072,"description":135847,"extension":1791,"meta":135848,"navigation":346,"path":135849,"seo":135850,"stem":135851,"__hash__":135852},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133073,"toc":135783},[133074,133080,133085,133088,133091,133102,133104,133173,133175,133189,133194,133199,133204,133206,133249,133251,133334,133336,133382,133388,133390,133392,133412,133414,133437,133439,133513,133515,133534,133539,133541,133545,133617,133619,133633,133637,133713,133715,133734,133738,133832,133834,133843,133850,133926,133928,133946,133950,133953,133960,134009,134011,134020,134027,134086,134088,134106,134109,134116,134175,134177,134195,134202,134259,134261,134270,134274,134279,134283,134342,134344,134362,134366,134413,134418,134421,134490,134492,134509,134516,134522,134577,134582,134585,134662,134664,134682,134688,134694,134754,134756,134775,134781,134784,134791,134844,134849,134851,134912,134921,134928,134930,134987,134992,134994,135065,135069,135124,135126,135135,135140,135146,135215,135217,135249,135255,135263,135270,135276,135341,135343,135352,135358,135439,135441,135450,135455,135469,135476,135480,135485,135513,135515,135648,135651,135688,135690,135696,135705,135710,135713,135718,135723,135729,135732,135741,135744,135746,135775,135780],[10,133075,122997,133077,10932],{"id":133076},"python-string-join-method",[15,133078,133079],{},"join()",[20,133081,123002,133082,133084],{},[15,133083,133079],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133086,133087],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133089,133090],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[30,133092,133093,133099],{},[33,133094,133095,133096,133098],{},"You call ",[15,133097,133079],{}," on the separator string",[33,133100,133101],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[50,133103,53],{"id":52},[55,133105,133107],{"className":57,"code":133106,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133108,133109,133142,133163],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,133110,133111,133113,133115,133117,133119,133121,133123,133125,133127,133129,133131,133133,133135,133138,133140],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133112,567],{"class":70},[64,133114,75],{"class":74},[64,133116,79],{"class":78},[64,133118,2686],{"class":320},[64,133120,6895],{"class":329},[64,133122,2686],{"class":320},[64,133124,86],{"class":78},[64,133126,3184],{"class":320},[64,133128,11806],{"class":329},[64,133130,2686],{"class":320},[64,133132,86],{"class":78},[64,133134,3184],{"class":320},[64,133136,133137],{"class":329},"fun",[64,133139,2686],{"class":320},[64,133141,97],{"class":78},[64,133143,133144,133146,133148,133150,133152,133154,133157,133159,133161],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,133145,103],{"class":70},[64,133147,75],{"class":74},[64,133149,3184],{"class":320},[64,133151,3184],{"class":320},[64,133153,148],{"class":78},[64,133155,133156],{"class":115},"join",[64,133158,112],{"class":78},[64,133160,611],{"class":115},[64,133162,119],{"class":78},[64,133164,133165,133167,133169,133171],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,133166,125],{"class":108},[64,133168,112],{"class":78},[64,133170,130],{"class":115},[64,133172,119],{"class":78},[20,133174,384],{},[55,133176,133178],{"className":57,"code":133177,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Python is fun\n",[15,133179,133180],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,133181,133182,133184,133186],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133183,13],{"class":70},[64,133185,11806],{"class":74},[64,133187,133188],{"class":70}," fun\n",[20,133190,1923,133191,133193],{},[15,133192,133079],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[50,133195,152,133197,155],{"id":133196},"what-join-does",[15,133198,133079],{},[20,133200,133201,133203],{},[15,133202,133079],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133205,11069],{},[30,133207,133208,133215,133243,133246],{},[33,133209,133210,133211,133214],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133212,133213],{},".join()"," as the separator",[33,133216,133217,133218],{},"Common separators are:\n",[30,133219,133220,133226,133232,133238],{},[33,133221,133222,133225],{},[15,133223,133224],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[33,133227,133228,133231],{},[15,133229,133230],{},"\", \""," for commas",[33,133233,133234,133237],{},[15,133235,133236],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[33,133239,133240,133242],{},[15,133241,5867],{}," for no separator",[33,133244,133245],{},"It returns a new string",[33,133247,133248],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133250,916],{},[55,133252,133254],{"className":57,"code":133253,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133255,133256,133288,133310,133314,133324],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,133257,133258,133260,133262,133264,133266,133268,133270,133272,133274,133276,133278,133280,133282,133284,133286],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133259,567],{"class":70},[64,133261,75],{"class":74},[64,133263,79],{"class":78},[64,133265,2686],{"class":320},[64,133267,12707],{"class":329},[64,133269,2686],{"class":320},[64,133271,86],{"class":78},[64,133273,3184],{"class":320},[64,133275,17074],{"class":329},[64,133277,2686],{"class":320},[64,133279,86],{"class":78},[64,133281,3184],{"class":320},[64,133283,12724],{"class":329},[64,133285,2686],{"class":320},[64,133287,97],{"class":78},[64,133289,133290,133292,133294,133296,133298,133300,133302,133304,133306,133308],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,133291,103],{"class":70},[64,133293,75],{"class":74},[64,133295,3184],{"class":320},[64,133297,2020],{"class":329},[64,133299,2686],{"class":320},[64,133301,148],{"class":78},[64,133303,133156],{"class":115},[64,133305,112],{"class":78},[64,133307,611],{"class":115},[64,133309,119],{"class":78},[64,133311,133312],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,133313,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,133315,133316,133318,133320,133322],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,133317,125],{"class":108},[64,133319,112],{"class":78},[64,133321,130],{"class":115},[64,133323,119],{"class":78},[64,133325,133326,133328,133330,133332],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,133327,125],{"class":108},[64,133329,112],{"class":78},[64,133331,611],{"class":115},[64,133333,119],{"class":78},[20,133335,384],{},[55,133337,133339],{"className":57,"code":133338,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133340,133341,133354],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,133342,133343,133345,133347,133350,133352],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133344,12707],{"class":70},[64,133346,86],{"class":78},[64,133348,133349],{"class":70}," green",[64,133351,86],{"class":78},[64,133353,35510],{"class":70},[64,133355,133356,133358,133360,133362,133364,133366,133368,133370,133372,133374,133376,133378,133380],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,133357,394],{"class":78},[64,133359,333],{"class":320},[64,133361,12707],{"class":329},[64,133363,333],{"class":320},[64,133365,86],{"class":78},[64,133367,326],{"class":320},[64,133369,17074],{"class":329},[64,133371,333],{"class":320},[64,133373,86],{"class":78},[64,133375,326],{"class":320},[64,133377,12724],{"class":329},[64,133379,333],{"class":320},[64,133381,97],{"class":78},[20,133383,133384,133385,133387],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133386,133079],{}," creates a new string.",[50,133389,1988],{"id":1987},[20,133391,6816],{},[55,133393,133395],{"className":57,"code":133394,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133396,133397],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,133398,133399,133402,133404,133406,133408,133410],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133400,133401],{"class":70},"separator",[64,133403,148],{"class":78},[64,133405,133156],{"class":115},[64,133407,112],{"class":78},[64,133409,197],{"class":115},[64,133411,119],{"class":78},[428,133413,48647],{"id":48646},[30,133415,133416,133429,133434],{},[33,133417,133418,133420,133421,2020,133423,2020,133425,2024,133427],{},[15,133419,133401],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133422,133224],{},[15,133424,133230],{},[15,133426,133236],{},[15,133428,5867],{},[33,133430,133431,133433],{},[15,133432,197],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[33,133435,133436],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133438,916],{},[55,133440,133442],{"className":57,"code":133441,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133443,133444,133476,133499,133503],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,133445,133446,133448,133450,133452,133454,133456,133458,133460,133462,133464,133466,133468,133470,133472,133474],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133447,1505],{"class":70},[64,133449,75],{"class":74},[64,133451,79],{"class":78},[64,133453,2686],{"class":320},[64,133455,12494],{"class":329},[64,133457,2686],{"class":320},[64,133459,86],{"class":78},[64,133461,3184],{"class":320},[64,133463,35570],{"class":329},[64,133465,2686],{"class":320},[64,133467,86],{"class":78},[64,133469,3184],{"class":320},[64,133471,35579],{"class":329},[64,133473,2686],{"class":320},[64,133475,97],{"class":78},[64,133477,133478,133480,133482,133484,133487,133489,133491,133493,133495,133497],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,133479,103],{"class":70},[64,133481,75],{"class":74},[64,133483,3184],{"class":320},[64,133485,133486],{"class":329}," | ",[64,133488,2686],{"class":320},[64,133490,148],{"class":78},[64,133492,133156],{"class":115},[64,133494,112],{"class":78},[64,133496,1549],{"class":115},[64,133498,119],{"class":78},[64,133500,133501],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,133502,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,133504,133505,133507,133509,133511],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,133506,125],{"class":108},[64,133508,112],{"class":78},[64,133510,130],{"class":115},[64,133512,119],{"class":78},[20,133514,384],{},[55,133516,133518],{"className":57,"code":133517,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133519,133520],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,133521,133522,133525,133527,133530,133532],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133523,133524],{"class":70},"Ana ",[64,133526,113504],{"class":74},[64,133528,133529],{"class":70}," Ben ",[64,133531,113504],{"class":74},[64,133533,35651],{"class":70},[20,133535,133536,133537,148],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[285,133538,124752],{"href":50613},[50,133540,121528],{"id":121527},[428,133542,133544],{"id":133543},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[55,133546,133548],{"className":57,"code":133547,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133549,133550,133583,133603,133607],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,133551,133552,133554,133556,133558,133560,133562,133564,133566,133568,133570,133572,133574,133576,133579,133581],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133553,567],{"class":70},[64,133555,75],{"class":74},[64,133557,79],{"class":78},[64,133559,2686],{"class":320},[64,133561,6895],{"class":329},[64,133563,2686],{"class":320},[64,133565,86],{"class":78},[64,133567,3184],{"class":320},[64,133569,11806],{"class":329},[64,133571,2686],{"class":320},[64,133573,86],{"class":78},[64,133575,3184],{"class":320},[64,133577,133578],{"class":329},"easy",[64,133580,2686],{"class":320},[64,133582,97],{"class":78},[64,133584,133585,133587,133589,133591,133593,133595,133597,133599,133601],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,133586,103],{"class":70},[64,133588,75],{"class":74},[64,133590,3184],{"class":320},[64,133592,3184],{"class":320},[64,133594,148],{"class":78},[64,133596,133156],{"class":115},[64,133598,112],{"class":78},[64,133600,611],{"class":115},[64,133602,119],{"class":78},[64,133604,133605],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,133606,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,133608,133609,133611,133613,133615],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,133610,125],{"class":108},[64,133612,112],{"class":78},[64,133614,130],{"class":115},[64,133616,119],{"class":78},[20,133618,384],{},[55,133620,133622],{"className":57,"code":133621,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Python is easy\n",[15,133623,133624],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,133625,133626,133628,133630],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133627,13],{"class":70},[64,133629,11806],{"class":74},[64,133631,133632],{"class":70}," easy\n",[428,133634,133636],{"id":133635},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[55,133638,133640],{"className":57,"code":133639,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133641,133642,133677,133699,133703],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,133643,133644,133646,133648,133650,133652,133655,133657,133659,133661,133664,133666,133668,133670,133673,133675],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133645,7379],{"class":70},[64,133647,75],{"class":74},[64,133649,79],{"class":78},[64,133651,2686],{"class":320},[64,133653,133654],{"class":329},"apples",[64,133656,2686],{"class":320},[64,133658,86],{"class":78},[64,133660,3184],{"class":320},[64,133662,133663],{"class":329},"bananas",[64,133665,2686],{"class":320},[64,133667,86],{"class":78},[64,133669,3184],{"class":320},[64,133671,133672],{"class":329},"oranges",[64,133674,2686],{"class":320},[64,133676,97],{"class":78},[64,133678,133679,133681,133683,133685,133687,133689,133691,133693,133695,133697],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,133680,103],{"class":70},[64,133682,75],{"class":74},[64,133684,3184],{"class":320},[64,133686,2020],{"class":329},[64,133688,2686],{"class":320},[64,133690,148],{"class":78},[64,133692,133156],{"class":115},[64,133694,112],{"class":78},[64,133696,7410],{"class":115},[64,133698,119],{"class":78},[64,133700,133701],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,133702,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,133704,133705,133707,133709,133711],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,133706,125],{"class":108},[64,133708,112],{"class":78},[64,133710,130],{"class":115},[64,133712,119],{"class":78},[20,133714,384],{},[55,133716,133718],{"className":57,"code":133717,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133719,133720],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,133721,133722,133724,133726,133729,133731],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133723,133654],{"class":70},[64,133725,86],{"class":78},[64,133727,133728],{"class":70}," bananas",[64,133730,86],{"class":78},[64,133732,133733],{"class":70}," oranges\n",[428,133735,133737],{"id":133736},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[55,133739,133741],{"className":57,"code":133740,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133742,133743,133800,133818,133822],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,133744,133745,133747,133749,133751,133753,133756,133758,133760,133762,133764,133766,133768,133770,133772,133774,133776,133778,133780,133782,133784,133786,133788,133790,133792,133794,133796,133798],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133746,35720],{"class":70},[64,133748,75],{"class":74},[64,133750,79],{"class":78},[64,133752,2686],{"class":320},[64,133754,133755],{"class":329},"P",[64,133757,2686],{"class":320},[64,133759,86],{"class":78},[64,133761,3184],{"class":320},[64,133763,11357],{"class":329},[64,133765,2686],{"class":320},[64,133767,86],{"class":78},[64,133769,3184],{"class":320},[64,133771,62928],{"class":329},[64,133773,2686],{"class":320},[64,133775,86],{"class":78},[64,133777,3184],{"class":320},[64,133779,60079],{"class":329},[64,133781,2686],{"class":320},[64,133783,86],{"class":78},[64,133785,3184],{"class":320},[64,133787,60114],{"class":329},[64,133789,2686],{"class":320},[64,133791,86],{"class":78},[64,133793,3184],{"class":320},[64,133795,75672],{"class":329},[64,133797,2686],{"class":320},[64,133799,97],{"class":78},[64,133801,133802,133804,133806,133808,133810,133812,133814,133816],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,133803,103],{"class":70},[64,133805,75],{"class":74},[64,133807,5721],{"class":320},[64,133809,148],{"class":78},[64,133811,133156],{"class":115},[64,133813,112],{"class":78},[64,133815,35773],{"class":115},[64,133817,119],{"class":78},[64,133819,133820],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,133821,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,133823,133824,133826,133828,133830],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,133825,125],{"class":108},[64,133827,112],{"class":78},[64,133829,130],{"class":115},[64,133831,119],{"class":78},[20,133833,384],{},[55,133835,133837],{"className":57,"code":133836,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Python\n",[15,133838,133839],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,133840,133841],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133842,133836],{"class":70},[428,133844,133846,133847,133849],{"id":133845},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133848,133079],{}," returns the result",[55,133851,133853],{"className":57,"code":133852,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133854,133855,133888,133911,133915],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,133856,133857,133859,133861,133863,133865,133867,133869,133871,133873,133875,133877,133879,133881,133884,133886],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133858,567],{"class":70},[64,133860,75],{"class":74},[64,133862,79],{"class":78},[64,133864,2686],{"class":320},[64,133866,6182],{"class":329},[64,133868,2686],{"class":320},[64,133870,86],{"class":78},[64,133872,3184],{"class":320},[64,133874,78913],{"class":329},[64,133876,2686],{"class":320},[64,133878,86],{"class":78},[64,133880,3184],{"class":320},[64,133882,133883],{"class":329},"three",[64,133885,2686],{"class":320},[64,133887,97],{"class":78},[64,133889,133890,133893,133895,133897,133899,133901,133903,133905,133907,133909],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,133891,133892],{"class":70},"joined_text ",[64,133894,75],{"class":74},[64,133896,3184],{"class":320},[64,133898,1852],{"class":329},[64,133900,2686],{"class":320},[64,133902,148],{"class":78},[64,133904,133156],{"class":115},[64,133906,112],{"class":78},[64,133908,611],{"class":115},[64,133910,119],{"class":78},[64,133912,133913],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,133914,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,133916,133917,133919,133921,133924],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,133918,125],{"class":108},[64,133920,112],{"class":78},[64,133922,133923],{"class":115},"joined_text",[64,133925,119],{"class":78},[20,133927,384],{},[55,133929,133931],{"className":57,"code":133930,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"one-two-three\n",[15,133932,133933],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,133934,133935,133937,133939,133941,133943],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133936,6182],{"class":70},[64,133938,1852],{"class":74},[64,133940,78913],{"class":70},[64,133942,1852],{"class":74},[64,133944,133945],{"class":70},"three\n",[50,133947,133949],{"id":133948},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,133951,133952],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[428,133954,133956,133959],{"id":133955},"join-adds-spaces",[15,133957,133958],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[55,133961,133963],{"className":57,"code":133962,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,133964,133965,133989],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,133966,133967,133969,133971,133973,133975,133977,133979,133981,133983,133985,133987],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,133968,567],{"class":70},[64,133970,75],{"class":74},[64,133972,79],{"class":78},[64,133974,2686],{"class":320},[64,133976,330],{"class":329},[64,133978,2686],{"class":320},[64,133980,86],{"class":78},[64,133982,3184],{"class":320},[64,133984,60232],{"class":329},[64,133986,2686],{"class":320},[64,133988,97],{"class":78},[64,133990,133991,133993,133995,133997,133999,134001,134003,134005,134007],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,133992,125],{"class":108},[64,133994,112],{"class":78},[64,133996,2686],{"class":320},[64,133998,3184],{"class":320},[64,134000,148],{"class":78},[64,134002,133156],{"class":115},[64,134004,112],{"class":78},[64,134006,611],{"class":115},[64,134008,471],{"class":78},[20,134010,384],{},[55,134012,134014],{"className":57,"code":134013,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"hello world\n",[15,134015,134016],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,134017,134018],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134019,134013],{"class":70},[428,134021,134023,134026],{"id":134022},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134024,134025],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[55,134028,134030],{"className":57,"code":134029,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134031,134032,134064],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,134033,134034,134036,134038,134040,134042,134044,134046,134048,134050,134052,134054,134056,134058,134060,134062],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134035,12690],{"class":70},[64,134037,75],{"class":74},[64,134039,79],{"class":78},[64,134041,2686],{"class":320},[64,134043,12707],{"class":329},[64,134045,2686],{"class":320},[64,134047,86],{"class":78},[64,134049,3184],{"class":320},[64,134051,12724],{"class":329},[64,134053,2686],{"class":320},[64,134055,86],{"class":78},[64,134057,3184],{"class":320},[64,134059,17074],{"class":329},[64,134061,2686],{"class":320},[64,134063,97],{"class":78},[64,134065,134066,134068,134070,134072,134074,134076,134078,134080,134082,134084],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,134067,125],{"class":108},[64,134069,112],{"class":78},[64,134071,2686],{"class":320},[64,134073,2020],{"class":329},[64,134075,2686],{"class":320},[64,134077,148],{"class":78},[64,134079,133156],{"class":115},[64,134081,112],{"class":78},[64,134083,17121],{"class":115},[64,134085,471],{"class":78},[20,134087,384],{},[55,134089,134091],{"className":57,"code":134090,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134092,134093],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,134094,134095,134097,134099,134102,134104],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134096,12707],{"class":70},[64,134098,86],{"class":78},[64,134100,134101],{"class":70}," blue",[64,134103,86],{"class":78},[64,134105,35503],{"class":70},[20,134107,134108],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[428,134110,134112,134115],{"id":134111},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134113,134114],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[55,134117,134119],{"className":57,"code":134118,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134120,134121,134153],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,134122,134123,134125,134127,134129,134131,134133,134135,134137,134139,134141,134143,134145,134147,134149,134151],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134124,42471],{"class":70},[64,134126,75],{"class":74},[64,134128,79],{"class":78},[64,134130,2686],{"class":320},[64,134132,59],{"class":329},[64,134134,2686],{"class":320},[64,134136,86],{"class":78},[64,134138,3184],{"class":320},[64,134140,60815],{"class":329},[64,134142,2686],{"class":320},[64,134144,86],{"class":78},[64,134146,3184],{"class":320},[64,134148,133156],{"class":329},[64,134150,2686],{"class":320},[64,134152,97],{"class":78},[64,134154,134155,134157,134159,134161,134163,134165,134167,134169,134171,134173],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,134156,125],{"class":108},[64,134158,112],{"class":78},[64,134160,2686],{"class":320},[64,134162,1852],{"class":329},[64,134164,2686],{"class":320},[64,134166,148],{"class":78},[64,134168,133156],{"class":115},[64,134170,112],{"class":78},[64,134172,42503],{"class":115},[64,134174,471],{"class":78},[20,134176,384],{},[55,134178,134180],{"className":57,"code":134179,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"python-string-join\n",[15,134181,134182],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,134183,134184,134186,134188,134190,134192],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134185,59],{"class":70},[64,134187,1852],{"class":74},[64,134189,60815],{"class":70},[64,134191,1852],{"class":74},[64,134193,134194],{"class":70},"join\n",[428,134196,134198,134201],{"id":134197},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134199,134200],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[55,134203,134205],{"className":57,"code":134204,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134206,134207,134240],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,134208,134209,134211,134213,134215,134217,134219,134221,134223,134225,134227,134229,134231,134233,134236,134238],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134210,112576],{"class":70},[64,134212,75],{"class":74},[64,134214,79],{"class":78},[64,134216,2686],{"class":320},[64,134218,21866],{"class":329},[64,134220,2686],{"class":320},[64,134222,86],{"class":78},[64,134224,3184],{"class":320},[64,134226,30225],{"class":329},[64,134228,2686],{"class":320},[64,134230,86],{"class":78},[64,134232,3184],{"class":320},[64,134234,134235],{"class":329},"C",[64,134237,2686],{"class":320},[64,134239,97],{"class":78},[64,134241,134242,134244,134246,134248,134250,134252,134254,134257],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,134243,125],{"class":108},[64,134245,112],{"class":78},[64,134247,5867],{"class":320},[64,134249,148],{"class":78},[64,134251,133156],{"class":115},[64,134253,112],{"class":78},[64,134255,134256],{"class":115},"chars",[64,134258,471],{"class":78},[20,134260,384],{},[55,134262,134264],{"className":57,"code":134263,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"ABC\n",[15,134265,134266],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,134267,134268],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134269,134263],{"class":34080},[50,134271,134273],{"id":134272},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134275,134276,134278],{},[15,134277,133079],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[428,134280,134282],{"id":134281},"this-works","This works",[55,134284,134286],{"className":57,"code":134285,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134287,134288,134320],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,134289,134290,134292,134294,134296,134298,134300,134302,134304,134306,134308,134310,134312,134314,134316,134318],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134291,304],{"class":70},[64,134293,75],{"class":74},[64,134295,79],{"class":78},[64,134297,2686],{"class":320},[64,134299,2160],{"class":329},[64,134301,2686],{"class":320},[64,134303,86],{"class":78},[64,134305,3184],{"class":320},[64,134307,15371],{"class":329},[64,134309,2686],{"class":320},[64,134311,86],{"class":78},[64,134313,3184],{"class":320},[64,134315,36472],{"class":329},[64,134317,2686],{"class":320},[64,134319,97],{"class":78},[64,134321,134322,134324,134326,134328,134330,134332,134334,134336,134338,134340],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,134323,125],{"class":108},[64,134325,112],{"class":78},[64,134327,2686],{"class":320},[64,134329,2020],{"class":329},[64,134331,2686],{"class":320},[64,134333,148],{"class":78},[64,134335,133156],{"class":115},[64,134337,112],{"class":78},[64,134339,4951],{"class":115},[64,134341,471],{"class":78},[20,134343,384],{},[55,134345,134347],{"className":57,"code":134346,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134348,134349],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,134350,134351,134353,134355,134357,134359],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134352,2160],{"class":82},[64,134354,86],{"class":78},[64,134356,7390],{"class":82},[64,134358,86],{"class":78},[64,134360,134361],{"class":82}," 30\n",[428,134363,134365],{"id":134364},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[55,134367,134369],{"className":57,"code":134368,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134370,134371,134391],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,134372,134373,134375,134377,134379,134381,134383,134385,134387,134389],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134374,304],{"class":70},[64,134376,75],{"class":74},[64,134378,79],{"class":78},[64,134380,83],{"class":82},[64,134382,86],{"class":78},[64,134384,89],{"class":82},[64,134386,86],{"class":78},[64,134388,94],{"class":82},[64,134390,97],{"class":78},[64,134392,134393,134395,134397,134399,134401,134403,134405,134407,134409,134411],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,134394,125],{"class":108},[64,134396,112],{"class":78},[64,134398,2686],{"class":320},[64,134400,2020],{"class":329},[64,134402,2686],{"class":320},[64,134404,148],{"class":78},[64,134406,133156],{"class":115},[64,134408,112],{"class":78},[64,134410,4951],{"class":115},[64,134412,471],{"class":78},[20,134414,89953,134415,134417],{},[15,134416,2835],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134419,134420],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[55,134422,134424],{"className":57,"code":134423,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134425,134426,134446,134476,134480],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,134427,134428,134430,134432,134434,134436,134438,134440,134442,134444],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134429,304],{"class":70},[64,134431,75],{"class":74},[64,134433,79],{"class":78},[64,134435,83],{"class":82},[64,134437,86],{"class":78},[64,134439,89],{"class":82},[64,134441,86],{"class":78},[64,134443,94],{"class":82},[64,134445,97],{"class":78},[64,134447,134448,134450,134452,134454,134456,134458,134460,134462,134464,134466,134468,134470,134472,134474],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,134449,103],{"class":70},[64,134451,75],{"class":74},[64,134453,3184],{"class":320},[64,134455,2020],{"class":329},[64,134457,2686],{"class":320},[64,134459,148],{"class":78},[64,134461,133156],{"class":115},[64,134463,112],{"class":78},[64,134465,39492],{"class":108},[64,134467,112],{"class":78},[64,134469,3276],{"class":357},[64,134471,86],{"class":78},[64,134473,378],{"class":115},[64,134475,471],{"class":78},[64,134477,134478],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,134479,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,134481,134482,134484,134486,134488],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,134483,125],{"class":108},[64,134485,112],{"class":78},[64,134487,130],{"class":115},[64,134489,119],{"class":78},[20,134491,384],{},[55,134493,134495],{"className":57,"code":134494,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134496,134497],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,134498,134499,134501,134503,134505,134507],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134500,83],{"class":82},[64,134502,86],{"class":78},[64,134504,89],{"class":82},[64,134506,86],{"class":78},[64,134508,2407],{"class":82},[20,134510,134511,134512,148],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[285,134513,13,134514,1713],{"href":41809},[15,134515,47320],{},[428,134517,134519,134521],{"id":134518},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134520,258],{}," values do not work directly",[55,134523,134525],{"className":57,"code":134524,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134526,134527,134555],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,134528,134529,134531,134533,134535,134537,134539,134541,134543,134545,134547,134549,134551,134553],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134530,304],{"class":70},[64,134532,75],{"class":74},[64,134534,79],{"class":78},[64,134536,2686],{"class":320},[64,134538,576],{"class":329},[64,134540,2686],{"class":320},[64,134542,86],{"class":78},[64,134544,339],{"class":338},[64,134546,86],{"class":78},[64,134548,3184],{"class":320},[64,134550,585],{"class":329},[64,134552,2686],{"class":320},[64,134554,97],{"class":78},[64,134556,134557,134559,134561,134563,134565,134567,134569,134571,134573,134575],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,134558,125],{"class":108},[64,134560,112],{"class":78},[64,134562,2686],{"class":320},[64,134564,2020],{"class":329},[64,134566,2686],{"class":320},[64,134568,148],{"class":78},[64,134570,133156],{"class":115},[64,134572,112],{"class":78},[64,134574,4951],{"class":115},[64,134576,471],{"class":78},[20,134578,134579,134580,148],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134581,2835],{},[20,134583,134584],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[55,134586,134588],{"className":57,"code":134587,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134589,134590,134618,134648,134652],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,134591,134592,134594,134596,134598,134600,134602,134604,134606,134608,134610,134612,134614,134616],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134593,304],{"class":70},[64,134595,75],{"class":74},[64,134597,79],{"class":78},[64,134599,2686],{"class":320},[64,134601,576],{"class":329},[64,134603,2686],{"class":320},[64,134605,86],{"class":78},[64,134607,339],{"class":338},[64,134609,86],{"class":78},[64,134611,3184],{"class":320},[64,134613,585],{"class":329},[64,134615,2686],{"class":320},[64,134617,97],{"class":78},[64,134619,134620,134622,134624,134626,134628,134630,134632,134634,134636,134638,134640,134642,134644,134646],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,134621,103],{"class":70},[64,134623,75],{"class":74},[64,134625,3184],{"class":320},[64,134627,2020],{"class":329},[64,134629,2686],{"class":320},[64,134631,148],{"class":78},[64,134633,133156],{"class":115},[64,134635,112],{"class":78},[64,134637,39492],{"class":108},[64,134639,112],{"class":78},[64,134641,3276],{"class":357},[64,134643,86],{"class":78},[64,134645,378],{"class":115},[64,134647,471],{"class":78},[64,134649,134650],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,134651,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,134653,134654,134656,134658,134660],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,134655,125],{"class":108},[64,134657,112],{"class":78},[64,134659,130],{"class":115},[64,134661,119],{"class":78},[20,134663,384],{},[55,134665,134667],{"className":57,"code":134666,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134668,134669],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,134670,134671,134673,134675,134677,134679],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134672,576],{"class":70},[64,134674,86],{"class":78},[64,134676,339],{"class":338},[64,134678,86],{"class":78},[64,134680,134681],{"class":70}," banana\n",[20,134683,134684,134685,134687],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134686,258],{}," values instead of converting them.",[428,134689,134691,134693],{"id":134690},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134692,133079],{}," also works with tuples",[55,134695,134697],{"className":57,"code":134696,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134698,134699,134731],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,134700,134701,134703,134705,134707,134709,134711,134713,134715,134717,134719,134721,134723,134725,134727,134729],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134702,1505],{"class":70},[64,134704,75],{"class":74},[64,134706,8842],{"class":78},[64,134708,2686],{"class":320},[64,134710,7276],{"class":329},[64,134712,2686],{"class":320},[64,134714,86],{"class":78},[64,134716,3184],{"class":320},[64,134718,131085],{"class":329},[64,134720,2686],{"class":320},[64,134722,86],{"class":78},[64,134724,3184],{"class":320},[64,134726,7522],{"class":329},[64,134728,2686],{"class":320},[64,134730,119],{"class":78},[64,134732,134733,134735,134737,134739,134742,134744,134746,134748,134750,134752],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,134734,125],{"class":108},[64,134736,112],{"class":78},[64,134738,2686],{"class":320},[64,134740,134741],{"class":329}," \u002F ",[64,134743,2686],{"class":320},[64,134745,148],{"class":78},[64,134747,133156],{"class":115},[64,134749,112],{"class":78},[64,134751,1549],{"class":115},[64,134753,471],{"class":78},[20,134755,384],{},[55,134757,134759],{"className":57,"code":134758,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134760,134761],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,134762,134763,134766,134768,134771,134773],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134764,134765],{"class":70},"Sam ",[64,134767,126889],{"class":74},[64,134769,134770],{"class":70}," Lee ",[64,134772,126889],{"class":74},[64,134774,21955],{"class":70},[50,134776,134778,134779],{"id":134777},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134780,133079],{},[20,134782,134783],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[428,134785,134787,134788,134790],{"id":134786},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134789,2835],{}," because not all items are strings",[55,134792,134794],{"className":57,"code":134793,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134795,134796,134824],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,134797,134798,134800,134802,134804,134806,134808,134810,134812,134814,134816,134818,134820,134822],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134799,7379],{"class":70},[64,134801,75],{"class":74},[64,134803,79],{"class":78},[64,134805,2686],{"class":320},[64,134807,285],{"class":329},[64,134809,2686],{"class":320},[64,134811,86],{"class":78},[64,134813,89],{"class":82},[64,134815,86],{"class":78},[64,134817,3184],{"class":320},[64,134819,9346],{"class":329},[64,134821,2686],{"class":320},[64,134823,97],{"class":78},[64,134825,134826,134828,134830,134832,134834,134836,134838,134840,134842],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,134827,125],{"class":108},[64,134829,112],{"class":78},[64,134831,2686],{"class":320},[64,134833,3184],{"class":320},[64,134835,148],{"class":78},[64,134837,133156],{"class":115},[64,134839,112],{"class":78},[64,134841,7410],{"class":115},[64,134843,471],{"class":78},[20,134845,48147,134846,134848],{},[15,134847,815],{}," is an integer.",[20,134850,38894],{},[55,134852,134854],{"className":57,"code":134853,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134855,134856,134884],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,134857,134858,134860,134862,134864,134866,134868,134870,134872,134874,134876,134878,134880,134882],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134859,7379],{"class":70},[64,134861,75],{"class":74},[64,134863,79],{"class":78},[64,134865,2686],{"class":320},[64,134867,285],{"class":329},[64,134869,2686],{"class":320},[64,134871,86],{"class":78},[64,134873,89],{"class":82},[64,134875,86],{"class":78},[64,134877,3184],{"class":320},[64,134879,9346],{"class":329},[64,134881,2686],{"class":320},[64,134883,97],{"class":78},[64,134885,134886,134888,134890,134892,134894,134896,134898,134900,134902,134904,134906,134908,134910],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,134887,125],{"class":108},[64,134889,112],{"class":78},[64,134891,2686],{"class":320},[64,134893,3184],{"class":320},[64,134895,148],{"class":78},[64,134897,133156],{"class":115},[64,134899,112],{"class":78},[64,134901,39492],{"class":108},[64,134903,112],{"class":78},[64,134905,3276],{"class":357},[64,134907,86],{"class":78},[64,134909,5560],{"class":115},[64,134911,2744],{"class":78},[20,134913,134914,134915,148],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[285,134916,25302,134918],{"href":134917},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,134919,134920],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[428,134922,134924,134925,134927],{"id":134923},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,134926,133079],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,134929,1030],{},[55,134931,134933],{"className":57,"code":134932,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,134934,134935,134967],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,134936,134937,134939,134941,134943,134945,134947,134949,134951,134953,134955,134957,134959,134961,134963,134965],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,134938,567],{"class":70},[64,134940,75],{"class":74},[64,134942,79],{"class":78},[64,134944,2686],{"class":320},[64,134946,6895],{"class":329},[64,134948,2686],{"class":320},[64,134950,86],{"class":78},[64,134952,3184],{"class":320},[64,134954,11806],{"class":329},[64,134956,2686],{"class":320},[64,134958,86],{"class":78},[64,134960,3184],{"class":320},[64,134962,133137],{"class":329},[64,134964,2686],{"class":320},[64,134966,97],{"class":78},[64,134968,134969,134971,134973,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983,134985],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,134970,103],{"class":70},[64,134972,75],{"class":74},[64,134974,5763],{"class":70},[64,134976,148],{"class":78},[64,134978,133156],{"class":115},[64,134980,112],{"class":78},[64,134982,2686],{"class":320},[64,134984,3184],{"class":320},[64,134986,119],{"class":78},[20,134988,134989,134991],{},[15,134990,133079],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,134993,10416],{},[55,134995,134997],{"className":57,"code":134996,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134998,134999,135031,135051,135055],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,135000,135001,135003,135005,135007,135009,135011,135013,135015,135017,135019,135021,135023,135025,135027,135029],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,135002,567],{"class":70},[64,135004,75],{"class":74},[64,135006,79],{"class":78},[64,135008,2686],{"class":320},[64,135010,6895],{"class":329},[64,135012,2686],{"class":320},[64,135014,86],{"class":78},[64,135016,3184],{"class":320},[64,135018,11806],{"class":329},[64,135020,2686],{"class":320},[64,135022,86],{"class":78},[64,135024,3184],{"class":320},[64,135026,133137],{"class":329},[64,135028,2686],{"class":320},[64,135030,97],{"class":78},[64,135032,135033,135035,135037,135039,135041,135043,135045,135047,135049],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,135034,103],{"class":70},[64,135036,75],{"class":74},[64,135038,3184],{"class":320},[64,135040,3184],{"class":320},[64,135042,148],{"class":78},[64,135044,133156],{"class":115},[64,135046,112],{"class":78},[64,135048,611],{"class":115},[64,135050,119],{"class":78},[64,135052,135053],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,135054,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,135056,135057,135059,135061,135063],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,135058,125],{"class":108},[64,135060,112],{"class":78},[64,135062,130],{"class":115},[64,135064,119],{"class":78},[428,135066,135068],{"id":135067},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[55,135070,135072],{"className":57,"code":135071,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135073,135074,135106],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,135075,135076,135078,135080,135082,135084,135086,135088,135090,135092,135094,135096,135098,135100,135102,135104],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,135077,567],{"class":70},[64,135079,75],{"class":74},[64,135081,79],{"class":78},[64,135083,2686],{"class":320},[64,135085,6182],{"class":329},[64,135087,2686],{"class":320},[64,135089,86],{"class":78},[64,135091,3184],{"class":320},[64,135093,78913],{"class":329},[64,135095,2686],{"class":320},[64,135097,86],{"class":78},[64,135099,3184],{"class":320},[64,135101,133883],{"class":329},[64,135103,2686],{"class":320},[64,135105,97],{"class":78},[64,135107,135108,135110,135112,135114,135116,135118,135120,135122],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,135109,125],{"class":108},[64,135111,112],{"class":78},[64,135113,5867],{"class":320},[64,135115,148],{"class":78},[64,135117,133156],{"class":115},[64,135119,112],{"class":78},[64,135121,611],{"class":115},[64,135123,471],{"class":78},[20,135125,384],{},[55,135127,135129],{"className":57,"code":135128,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"onetwothree\n",[15,135130,135131],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,135132,135133],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,135134,135128],{"class":70},[20,135136,135137,135138,6228],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135139,133224],{},[428,135141,135143,135144,131347],{"id":135142},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135145,133079],{},[55,135147,135149],{"className":57,"code":135148,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135150,135151,135183,135201,135205],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,135152,135153,135155,135157,135159,135161,135163,135165,135167,135169,135171,135173,135175,135177,135179,135181],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,135154,567],{"class":70},[64,135156,75],{"class":74},[64,135158,79],{"class":78},[64,135160,2686],{"class":320},[64,135162,285],{"class":329},[64,135164,2686],{"class":320},[64,135166,86],{"class":78},[64,135168,3184],{"class":320},[64,135170,1269],{"class":329},[64,135172,2686],{"class":320},[64,135174,86],{"class":78},[64,135176,3184],{"class":320},[64,135178,9346],{"class":329},[64,135180,2686],{"class":320},[64,135182,97],{"class":78},[64,135184,135185,135187,135189,135191,135193,135195,135197,135199],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,135186,2686],{"class":42963},[64,135188,1852],{"class":42967},[64,135190,2686],{"class":42963},[64,135192,148],{"class":78},[64,135194,133156],{"class":115},[64,135196,112],{"class":78},[64,135198,611],{"class":115},[64,135200,119],{"class":78},[64,135202,135203],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,135204,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,135206,135207,135209,135211,135213],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,135208,125],{"class":108},[64,135210,112],{"class":78},[64,135212,611],{"class":115},[64,135214,119],{"class":78},[20,135216,384],{},[55,135218,135219],{"className":57,"code":42510,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,135220,135221],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,135222,135223,135225,135227,135229,135231,135233,135235,135237,135239,135241,135243,135245,135247],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,135224,394],{"class":78},[64,135226,333],{"class":320},[64,135228,285],{"class":329},[64,135230,333],{"class":320},[64,135232,86],{"class":78},[64,135234,326],{"class":320},[64,135236,1269],{"class":329},[64,135238,333],{"class":320},[64,135240,86],{"class":78},[64,135242,326],{"class":320},[64,135244,9346],{"class":329},[64,135246,333],{"class":320},[64,135248,97],{"class":78},[20,135250,135251,135252,135254],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135253,133079],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[50,135256,135258,135260,135261],{"id":135257},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135259,133079],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135262,1889],{},[20,135264,10198,135265,896,135267,135269],{},[15,135266,133079],{},[15,135268,1889],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[428,135271,1923,135273,135275],{"id":135272},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135274,1889],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[55,135277,135279],{"className":57,"code":135278,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135280,135281,135294,135307,135327,135331],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,135282,135283,135286,135288,135290,135292],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,135284,135285],{"class":70},"first ",[64,135287,75],{"class":74},[64,135289,3184],{"class":320},[64,135291,34495],{"class":329},[64,135293,3190],{"class":320},[64,135295,135296,135299,135301,135303,135305],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,135297,135298],{"class":70},"second ",[64,135300,75],{"class":74},[64,135302,3184],{"class":320},[64,135304,89382],{"class":329},[64,135306,3190],{"class":320},[64,135308,135309,135311,135313,135316,135318,135320,135322,135324],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,135310,103],{"class":70},[64,135312,75],{"class":74},[64,135314,135315],{"class":70}," first ",[64,135317,1889],{"class":74},[64,135319,3184],{"class":320},[64,135321,3184],{"class":320},[64,135323,2283],{"class":74},[64,135325,135326],{"class":70}," second\n",[64,135328,135329],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,135330,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,135332,135333,135335,135337,135339],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,135334,125],{"class":108},[64,135336,112],{"class":78},[64,135338,130],{"class":115},[64,135340,119],{"class":78},[20,135342,384],{},[55,135344,135346],{"className":57,"code":135345,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Hello World\n",[15,135347,135348],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,135349,135350],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,135351,135345],{"class":70},[428,135353,1923,135355,135357],{"id":135354},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135356,133079],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[55,135359,135361],{"className":57,"code":135360,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135362,135363,135405,135425,135429],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,135364,135365,135367,135369,135371,135373,135375,135377,135379,135381,135384,135386,135388,135390,135393,135395,135397,135399,135401,135403],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,135366,567],{"class":70},[64,135368,75],{"class":74},[64,135370,79],{"class":78},[64,135372,2686],{"class":320},[64,135374,6895],{"class":329},[64,135376,2686],{"class":320},[64,135378,86],{"class":78},[64,135380,3184],{"class":320},[64,135382,135383],{"class":329},"makes",[64,135385,2686],{"class":320},[64,135387,86],{"class":78},[64,135389,3184],{"class":320},[64,135391,135392],{"class":329},"this",[64,135394,2686],{"class":320},[64,135396,86],{"class":78},[64,135398,3184],{"class":320},[64,135400,133578],{"class":329},[64,135402,2686],{"class":320},[64,135404,97],{"class":78},[64,135406,135407,135409,135411,135413,135415,135417,135419,135421,135423],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,135408,103],{"class":70},[64,135410,75],{"class":74},[64,135412,3184],{"class":320},[64,135414,3184],{"class":320},[64,135416,148],{"class":78},[64,135418,133156],{"class":115},[64,135420,112],{"class":78},[64,135422,611],{"class":115},[64,135424,119],{"class":78},[64,135426,135427],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,135428,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,135430,135431,135433,135435,135437],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,135432,125],{"class":108},[64,135434,112],{"class":78},[64,135436,130],{"class":115},[64,135438,119],{"class":78},[20,135440,384],{},[55,135442,135444],{"className":57,"code":135443,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135445,135446],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,135447,135448],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,135449,135443],{"class":70},[20,135451,135452,135454],{},[15,135453,133079],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[30,135456,135457,135460,135463],{},[33,135458,135459],{},"You already have a list of strings",[33,135461,135462],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[33,135464,135465,135466,135468],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135467,1889],{}," operators",[20,135470,135471,135472,148],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[285,135473,135475],{"href":135474},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[50,135477,135479],{"id":135478},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135481,8480,135482,135484],{},[15,135483,133079],{}," is not working, check these first:",[30,135486,135487,135490,135495,135504,135510],{},[33,135488,135489],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[33,135491,135492,135493],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135494,258],{},[33,135496,135497,135498,10701,135501],{},"You may have written ",[15,135499,135500],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135502,135503],{},"string.join(...)",[33,135505,135506,135507,135509],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135508,133079],{}," to change the original iterable",[33,135511,135512],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135514,94022],{},[55,135516,135518],{"className":57,"code":135517,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135519,135520,135534,135544,135568,135608],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,135521,135522,135524,135526,135528,135530,135532],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,135523,125],{"class":108},[64,135525,112],{"class":78},[64,135527,3052],{"class":357},[64,135529,112],{"class":78},[64,135531,7410],{"class":115},[64,135533,471],{"class":78},[64,135535,135536,135538,135540,135542],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,135537,125],{"class":108},[64,135539,112],{"class":78},[64,135541,7410],{"class":115},[64,135543,119],{"class":78},[64,135545,135546,135548,135550,135552,135554,135556,135558,135560,135562,135564,135566],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,135547,125],{"class":108},[64,135549,354],{"class":78},[64,135551,3052],{"class":357},[64,135553,112],{"class":78},[64,135555,22932],{"class":115},[64,135557,133],{"class":78},[64,135559,369],{"class":368},[64,135561,5555],{"class":115},[64,135563,375],{"class":368},[64,135565,5560],{"class":115},[64,135567,381],{"class":78},[64,135569,135570,135572,135574,135576,135578,135580,135582,135584,135586,135588,135590,135592,135594,135596,135598,135600,135602,135604,135606],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,135571,125],{"class":108},[64,135573,112],{"class":78},[64,135575,333],{"class":320},[64,135577,326],{"class":320},[64,135579,148],{"class":78},[64,135581,133156],{"class":115},[64,135583,354],{"class":78},[64,135585,333],{"class":320},[64,135587,285],{"class":329},[64,135589,333],{"class":320},[64,135591,86],{"class":78},[64,135593,326],{"class":320},[64,135595,1269],{"class":329},[64,135597,333],{"class":320},[64,135599,86],{"class":78},[64,135601,326],{"class":320},[64,135603,9346],{"class":329},[64,135605,333],{"class":320},[64,135607,1081],{"class":78},[64,135609,135610,135612,135614,135616,135618,135620,135622,135624,135626,135628,135630,135632,135634,135636,135638,135640,135642,135644,135646],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,135611,125],{"class":108},[64,135613,112],{"class":78},[64,135615,333],{"class":320},[64,135617,2020],{"class":329},[64,135619,333],{"class":320},[64,135621,148],{"class":78},[64,135623,133156],{"class":115},[64,135625,112],{"class":78},[64,135627,39492],{"class":108},[64,135629,112],{"class":78},[64,135631,3276],{"class":357},[64,135633,86],{"class":78},[64,135635,79],{"class":78},[64,135637,83],{"class":82},[64,135639,86],{"class":78},[64,135641,89],{"class":82},[64,135643,86],{"class":78},[64,135645,94],{"class":82},[64,135647,36896],{"class":78},[20,135649,135650],{},"What these checks do:",[30,135652,135653,135661,135667,135673,135682],{},[33,135654,135655,135658,135659,7698],{},[15,135656,135657],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135660,7410],{},[33,135662,135663,135666],{},[15,135664,135665],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[33,135668,135669,135672],{},[15,135670,135671],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[33,135674,135675,135678,135679,135681],{},[15,135676,135677],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135680,133079],{}," behavior",[33,135683,135684,135687],{},[15,135685,135686],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[50,135689,1651],{"id":1650},[428,135691,12317,135693,135695],{"id":135692},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135694,133079],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135697,135698,135699,135701,135702,148],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135700,133079],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135703,135704],{},"map(str, values)",[428,135706,12317,135708,56803],{"id":135707},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135709,133079],{},[20,135711,135712],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[428,135714,27952,135716,62276],{"id":135715},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135717,133079],{},[20,135719,41786,135720,135722],{},[15,135721,133079],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[428,135724,1655,135726,39593],{"id":135725},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135727,135728],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135730,135731],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[428,135733,135735,135736,135738,135739,1677],{"id":135734},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135737,2835],{}," when using ",[15,135740,133079],{},[20,135742,135743],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[50,135745,1717],{"id":1716},[30,135747,135748,135753,135759,135765,135771],{},[33,135749,135750],{},[285,135751,135752],{"href":135474},"How to join strings in Python",[33,135754,135755],{},[285,135756,125997,135757,10349],{"href":128684},[15,135758,60172],{},[33,135760,135761],{},[285,135762,13,135763,1713],{"href":41809},[15,135764,47320],{},[33,135766,135767],{},[285,135768,29972,135769],{"href":134917},[15,135770,134920],{},[33,135772,135773],{},[285,135774,124752],{"href":50613},[20,135776,96992,135777,135779],{},[15,135778,133079],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1751,135781,135782],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":135784},[135785,135786,135788,135791,135798,135808,135816,135826,135833,135834,135846],{"id":52,"depth":100,"text":53},{"id":133196,"depth":100,"text":135787},"What join() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988,"children":135789},[135790],{"id":48646,"depth":122,"text":48647},{"id":121527,"depth":100,"text":121528,"children":135792},[135793,135794,135795,135796],{"id":133543,"depth":122,"text":133544},{"id":133635,"depth":122,"text":133636},{"id":133736,"depth":122,"text":133737},{"id":133845,"depth":122,"text":135797},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":133948,"depth":100,"text":133949,"children":135799},[135800,135802,135804,135806],{"id":133955,"depth":122,"text":135801},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134022,"depth":122,"text":135803},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134111,"depth":122,"text":135805},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134197,"depth":122,"text":135807},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134272,"depth":100,"text":134273,"children":135809},[135810,135811,135812,135814],{"id":134281,"depth":122,"text":134282},{"id":134364,"depth":122,"text":134365},{"id":134518,"depth":122,"text":135813},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134690,"depth":122,"text":135815},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134777,"depth":100,"text":135817,"children":135818},"Common errors with join()",[135819,135821,135823,135824],{"id":134786,"depth":122,"text":135820},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":134923,"depth":122,"text":135822},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135067,"depth":122,"text":135068},{"id":135142,"depth":122,"text":135825},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135257,"depth":100,"text":135827,"children":135828},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135829,135831],{"id":135272,"depth":122,"text":135830},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135354,"depth":122,"text":135832},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135478,"depth":100,"text":135479},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":135835},[135836,135838,135840,135842,135844],{"id":135692,"depth":122,"text":135837},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135707,"depth":122,"text":135839},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135715,"depth":122,"text":135841},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135725,"depth":122,"text":135843},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135734,"depth":122,"text":135845},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133071,"description":135847},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135854,"title":135855,"body":135856,"description":137424,"extension":1791,"meta":137425,"navigation":346,"path":137426,"seo":137427,"stem":137428,"__hash__":137429},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135857,"toc":137391},[135858,135863,135868,135870,135884,135929,135936,135941,135946,135948,135964,135973,135975,135977,135992,135994,136004,136006,136068,136070,136073,136134,136136,136152,136154,136167,136170,136217,136219,136225,136228,136231,136291,136299,136385,136389,136394,136396,136410,136413,136498,136501,136559,136570,136625,136627,136634,136640,136646,136690,136693,136740,136742,136744,136751,136753,136784,136787,136789,136820,136824,136827,136829,136869,136871,136914,136920,136925,136927,136954,136959,136962,137011,137015,137018,137093,137104,137107,137164,137171,137177,137185,137190,137197,137204,137222,137224,137278,137286,137288,137293,137296,137302,137308,137313,137316,137322,137328,137335,137343,137345,137388],[10,135859,122997,135861,10932],{"id":135860},"python-string-lower-method",[15,135862,123727],{},[20,135864,123002,135865,135867],{},[15,135866,123727],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,135869,23709],{},[30,135871,135872,135875,135878,135881],{},[33,135873,135874],{},"convert text to lowercase",[33,135876,135877],{},"compare text without case differences",[33,135879,135880],{},"clean up user input",[33,135882,135883],{},"make simple text matching easier",[55,135885,135887],{"className":57,"code":135886,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,135888,135889,135902,135916],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,135890,135891,135893,135895,135897,135900],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,135892,34315],{"class":70},[64,135894,75],{"class":74},[64,135896,3184],{"class":320},[64,135898,135899],{"class":329},"Hello WORLD",[64,135901,3190],{"class":320},[64,135903,135904,135906,135908,135910,135912,135914],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,135905,103],{"class":70},[64,135907,75],{"class":74},[64,135909,42476],{"class":70},[64,135911,148],{"class":78},[64,135913,8244],{"class":115},[64,135915,8247],{"class":78},[64,135917,135918,135920,135922,135924,135926],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,135919,125],{"class":108},[64,135921,112],{"class":78},[64,135923,130],{"class":115},[64,135925,133],{"class":78},[64,135927,135928],{"class":136},"  # hello world\n",[20,135930,135931,88605,135933,135935],{},[221,135932,83463],{},[15,135934,123727],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[50,135937,152,135939,155],{"id":135938},"what-lower-does",[15,135940,123727],{},[20,135942,135943,135945],{},[15,135944,123727],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,135947,12666],{},[30,135949,135950,135955,135958,135961],{},[33,135951,135952,135954],{},[15,135953,123727],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[33,135956,135957],{},"It works on string objects",[33,135959,135960],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[33,135962,135963],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,135965,124749,135966,135970,135971,148],{},[285,135967,135969],{"href":135968},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[285,135972,50614],{"href":50613},[50,135974,1988],{"id":1987},[20,135976,1991],{},[55,135978,135980],{"className":57,"code":135979,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"string.lower()\n",[15,135981,135982],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,135983,135984,135986,135988,135990],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,135985,60815],{"class":70},[64,135987,148],{"class":78},[64,135989,8244],{"class":115},[64,135991,8247],{"class":78},[20,135993,43285],{},[30,135995,135996,135998,136001],{},[33,135997,97170],{},[33,135999,136000],{},"You call it directly on a string",[33,136002,136003],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136005,916],{},[55,136007,136009],{"className":57,"code":136008,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136010,136011,136034,136038,136051],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,136012,136013,136015,136017,136019,136022,136024,136026,136028,136031],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136014,125],{"class":108},[64,136016,112],{"class":78},[64,136018,2686],{"class":320},[64,136020,136021],{"class":329},"HELLO",[64,136023,2686],{"class":320},[64,136025,148],{"class":78},[64,136027,8244],{"class":115},[64,136029,136030],{"class":78},"())",[64,136032,136033],{"class":136},"  # hello\n",[64,136035,136036],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,136037,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,136039,136040,136042,136044,136046,136049],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,136041,7477],{"class":70},[64,136043,75],{"class":74},[64,136045,3184],{"class":320},[64,136047,136048],{"class":329},"PyThOn",[64,136050,3190],{"class":320},[64,136052,136053,136055,136057,136059,136061,136063,136065],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,136054,125],{"class":108},[64,136056,112],{"class":78},[64,136058,7267],{"class":115},[64,136060,148],{"class":78},[64,136062,8244],{"class":115},[64,136064,136030],{"class":78},[64,136066,136067],{"class":136},"  # python\n",[50,136069,11086],{"id":11085},[20,136071,136072],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[55,136074,136076],{"className":57,"code":136075,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136077,136078,136090,136094,136109,136113,136124],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,136079,136080,136082,136084,136086,136088],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136081,34315],{"class":70},[64,136083,75],{"class":74},[64,136085,3184],{"class":320},[64,136087,135899],{"class":329},[64,136089,3190],{"class":320},[64,136091,136092],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,136093,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,136095,136096,136099,136101,136103,136105,136107],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,136097,136098],{"class":70},"lower_text ",[64,136100,75],{"class":74},[64,136102,42476],{"class":70},[64,136104,148],{"class":78},[64,136106,8244],{"class":115},[64,136108,8247],{"class":78},[64,136110,136111],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,136112,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,136114,136115,136117,136119,136122],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,136116,125],{"class":108},[64,136118,112],{"class":78},[64,136120,136121],{"class":115},"lower_text",[64,136123,119],{"class":78},[64,136125,136126,136128,136130,136132],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,136127,125],{"class":108},[64,136129,112],{"class":78},[64,136131,34336],{"class":115},[64,136133,119],{"class":78},[20,136135,384],{},[55,136137,136139],{"className":57,"code":136138,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136140,136141,136145],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,136142,136143],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136144,134013],{"class":70},[64,136146,136147,136149],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,136148,131413],{"class":70},[64,136150,136151],{"class":34080},"WORLD\n",[20,136153,24229],{},[30,136155,136156,136161],{},[33,136157,136158,136160],{},[15,136159,123727],{}," returns the lowercase result",[33,136162,136163,136164,136166],{},"the original ",[15,136165,34336],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136168,136169],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[55,136171,136173],{"className":57,"code":136172,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136174,136175,136187,136201,136205],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,136176,136177,136179,136181,136183,136185],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136178,34315],{"class":70},[64,136180,75],{"class":74},[64,136182,3184],{"class":320},[64,136184,135899],{"class":329},[64,136186,3190],{"class":320},[64,136188,136189,136191,136193,136195,136197,136199],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,136190,34315],{"class":70},[64,136192,75],{"class":74},[64,136194,42476],{"class":70},[64,136196,148],{"class":78},[64,136198,8244],{"class":115},[64,136200,8247],{"class":78},[64,136202,136203],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,136204,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,136206,136207,136209,136211,136213,136215],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,136208,125],{"class":108},[64,136210,112],{"class":78},[64,136212,34336],{"class":115},[64,136214,133],{"class":78},[64,136216,135928],{"class":136},[50,136218,17037],{"id":17036},[20,136220,136221,21596,136223,148],{},[15,136222,123727],{},[221,136224,60815],{},[20,136226,136227],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136229,136230],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[55,136232,136234],{"className":57,"code":136233,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136235,136236,136250,136254,136277],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,136237,136238,136241,136243,136245,136248],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136239,136240],{"class":70},"answer ",[64,136242,75],{"class":74},[64,136244,3184],{"class":320},[64,136246,136247],{"class":329},"YES",[64,136249,3190],{"class":320},[64,136251,136252],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,136253,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,136255,136256,136258,136261,136263,136265,136267,136269,136271,136273,136275],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,136257,6595],{"class":368},[64,136259,136260],{"class":70}," answer",[64,136262,148],{"class":78},[64,136264,8244],{"class":115},[64,136266,6964],{"class":78},[64,136268,6004],{"class":74},[64,136270,3184],{"class":320},[64,136272,8262],{"class":329},[64,136274,2686],{"class":320},[64,136276,5989],{"class":78},[64,136278,136279,136281,136283,136285,136287,136289],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,136280,7670],{"class":108},[64,136282,112],{"class":78},[64,136284,2686],{"class":320},[64,136286,96479],{"class":329},[64,136288,2686],{"class":320},[64,136290,119],{"class":78},[20,136292,136293,136294,160],{},"This is especially useful with ",[285,136295,136296,136297,2132],{"href":7821},"the ",[15,136298,2790],{},[55,136300,136302],{"className":57,"code":136301,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136303,136304,136323,136327,136349,136364,136370],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,136305,136306,136308,136310,136312,136314,136316,136319,136321],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136307,136240],{"class":70},[64,136309,75],{"class":74},[64,136311,7844],{"class":108},[64,136313,112],{"class":78},[64,136315,2686],{"class":320},[64,136317,136318],{"class":329},"Type yes or no: ",[64,136320,2686],{"class":320},[64,136322,119],{"class":78},[64,136324,136325],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,136326,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,136328,136329,136331,136333,136335,136337,136339,136341,136343,136345,136347],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,136330,6595],{"class":368},[64,136332,136260],{"class":70},[64,136334,148],{"class":78},[64,136336,8244],{"class":115},[64,136338,6964],{"class":78},[64,136340,6004],{"class":74},[64,136342,3184],{"class":320},[64,136344,8262],{"class":329},[64,136346,2686],{"class":320},[64,136348,5989],{"class":78},[64,136350,136351,136353,136355,136357,136360,136362],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,136352,7670],{"class":108},[64,136354,112],{"class":78},[64,136356,2686],{"class":320},[64,136358,136359],{"class":329},"You typed yes",[64,136361,2686],{"class":320},[64,136363,119],{"class":78},[64,136365,136366,136368],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,136367,27057],{"class":368},[64,136369,5989],{"class":78},[64,136371,136372,136374,136376,136378,136381,136383],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,136373,7670],{"class":108},[64,136375,112],{"class":78},[64,136377,2686],{"class":320},[64,136379,136380],{"class":329},"You typed something else",[64,136382,2686],{"class":320},[64,136384,119],{"class":78},[50,136386,136388],{"id":136387},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136390,136391,136393],{},[15,136392,123727],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136395,6941],{},[30,136397,136398,136401,136404,136407],{},[33,136399,136400],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[33,136402,136403],{},"Make text matching easier",[33,136405,136406],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[33,136408,136409],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136411,136412],{},"Example: checking user input",[55,136414,136416],{"className":57,"code":136415,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136417,136418,136436,136440,136462,136477,136483],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,136419,136420,136422,136424,136426,136428,136430,136432,136434],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136421,44594],{"class":70},[64,136423,75],{"class":74},[64,136425,7844],{"class":108},[64,136427,112],{"class":78},[64,136429,2686],{"class":320},[64,136431,44605],{"class":329},[64,136433,2686],{"class":320},[64,136435,119],{"class":78},[64,136437,136438],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,136439,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,136441,136442,136444,136446,136448,136450,136452,136454,136456,136458,136460],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,136443,6595],{"class":368},[64,136445,35480],{"class":70},[64,136447,148],{"class":78},[64,136449,8244],{"class":115},[64,136451,6964],{"class":78},[64,136453,6004],{"class":74},[64,136455,3184],{"class":320},[64,136457,12724],{"class":329},[64,136459,2686],{"class":320},[64,136461,5989],{"class":78},[64,136463,136464,136466,136468,136470,136473,136475],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,136465,7670],{"class":108},[64,136467,112],{"class":78},[64,136469,2686],{"class":320},[64,136471,136472],{"class":329},"Nice choice!",[64,136474,2686],{"class":320},[64,136476,119],{"class":78},[64,136478,136479,136481],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,136480,27057],{"class":368},[64,136482,5989],{"class":78},[64,136484,136485,136487,136489,136491,136494,136496],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,136486,7670],{"class":108},[64,136488,112],{"class":78},[64,136490,2686],{"class":320},[64,136492,136493],{"class":329},"Got it.",[64,136495,2686],{"class":320},[64,136497,119],{"class":78},[20,136499,136500],{},"Example: simple search",[55,136502,136504],{"className":57,"code":136503,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136505,136506,136519,136523,136544],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,136507,136508,136510,136512,136514,136517],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136509,89649],{"class":70},[64,136511,75],{"class":74},[64,136513,3184],{"class":320},[64,136515,136516],{"class":329},"Python Is Fun",[64,136518,3190],{"class":320},[64,136520,136521],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,136522,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,136524,136525,136527,136529,136531,136533,136535,136538,136540,136542],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,136526,6595],{"class":368},[64,136528,3184],{"class":320},[64,136530,59],{"class":329},[64,136532,2686],{"class":320},[64,136534,20794],{"class":74},[64,136536,136537],{"class":70}," message",[64,136539,148],{"class":78},[64,136541,8244],{"class":115},[64,136543,21216],{"class":78},[64,136545,136546,136548,136550,136552,136555,136557],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,136547,7670],{"class":108},[64,136549,112],{"class":78},[64,136551,2686],{"class":320},[64,136553,136554],{"class":329},"Found it",[64,136556,2686],{"class":320},[64,136558,119],{"class":78},[20,136560,136561,136562,136564,136565,160],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136563,123727],{}," is often used with ",[285,136566,136568],{"href":136567},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136569,41287],{},[55,136571,136573],{"className":57,"code":136572,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136574,136575,136588,136607,136611],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,136576,136577,136579,136581,136583,136586],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136578,7477],{"class":70},[64,136580,75],{"class":74},[64,136582,3184],{"class":320},[64,136584,136585],{"class":329},"  ALICE  ",[64,136587,3190],{"class":320},[64,136589,136590,136593,136595,136597,136599,136601,136603,136605],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,136591,136592],{"class":70},"clean_name ",[64,136594,75],{"class":74},[64,136596,35621],{"class":70},[64,136598,148],{"class":78},[64,136600,8238],{"class":115},[64,136602,8241],{"class":78},[64,136604,8244],{"class":115},[64,136606,8247],{"class":78},[64,136608,136609],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,136610,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,136612,136613,136615,136617,136620,136622],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,136614,125],{"class":108},[64,136616,112],{"class":78},[64,136618,136619],{"class":115},"clean_name",[64,136621,133],{"class":78},[64,136623,136624],{"class":136},"  # alice\n",[50,136626,15213],{"id":15212},[20,136628,136629,136630,136633],{},"Strings are ",[221,136631,136632],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136635,136636,136637,136639],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136638,123727],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136641,136642,136643,136645],{},"So this does ",[221,136644,1138],{}," update the original variable:",[55,136647,136649],{"className":57,"code":136648,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136650,136651,136663,136673,136677],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,136652,136653,136655,136657,136659,136661],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136654,34315],{"class":70},[64,136656,75],{"class":74},[64,136658,3184],{"class":320},[64,136660,136021],{"class":329},[64,136662,3190],{"class":320},[64,136664,136665,136667,136669,136671],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,136666,34336],{"class":70},[64,136668,148],{"class":78},[64,136670,8244],{"class":115},[64,136672,8247],{"class":78},[64,136674,136675],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,136676,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,136678,136679,136681,136683,136685,136687],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,136680,125],{"class":108},[64,136682,112],{"class":78},[64,136684,34336],{"class":115},[64,136686,133],{"class":78},[64,136688,136689],{"class":136},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136691,136692],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[55,136694,136696],{"className":57,"code":136695,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136697,136698,136710,136724,136728],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,136699,136700,136702,136704,136706,136708],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136701,34315],{"class":70},[64,136703,75],{"class":74},[64,136705,3184],{"class":320},[64,136707,136021],{"class":329},[64,136709,3190],{"class":320},[64,136711,136712,136714,136716,136718,136720,136722],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,136713,34315],{"class":70},[64,136715,75],{"class":74},[64,136717,42476],{"class":70},[64,136719,148],{"class":78},[64,136721,8244],{"class":115},[64,136723,8247],{"class":78},[64,136725,136726],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,136727,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,136729,136730,136732,136734,136736,136738],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,136731,125],{"class":108},[64,136733,112],{"class":78},[64,136735,34336],{"class":115},[64,136737,133],{"class":78},[64,136739,136033],{"class":136},[50,136741,2661],{"id":2660},[428,136743,25310],{"id":25309},[20,136745,136746,136747,10701,136749,148],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136748,8244],{},[15,136750,123727],{},[20,136752,16261],{},[55,136754,136756],{"className":57,"code":136755,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136757,136758,136770],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,136759,136760,136762,136764,136766,136768],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136761,34315],{"class":70},[64,136763,75],{"class":74},[64,136765,3184],{"class":320},[64,136767,136021],{"class":329},[64,136769,3190],{"class":320},[64,136771,136772,136774,136776,136778,136780,136782],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,136773,125],{"class":108},[64,136775,112],{"class":78},[64,136777,34336],{"class":115},[64,136779,148],{"class":78},[64,136781,8244],{"class":24372},[64,136783,119],{"class":78},[20,136785,136786],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136788,16273],{},[55,136790,136792],{"className":57,"code":136791,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136793,136794,136806],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,136795,136796,136798,136800,136802,136804],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136797,34315],{"class":70},[64,136799,75],{"class":74},[64,136801,3184],{"class":320},[64,136803,136021],{"class":329},[64,136805,3190],{"class":320},[64,136807,136808,136810,136812,136814,136816,136818],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,136809,125],{"class":108},[64,136811,112],{"class":78},[64,136813,34336],{"class":115},[64,136815,148],{"class":78},[64,136817,8244],{"class":115},[64,136819,6792],{"class":78},[428,136821,136823],{"id":136822},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,136825,136826],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,136828,16261],{},[55,136830,136832],{"className":57,"code":136831,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136833,136834,136846,136856],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,136835,136836,136838,136840,136842,136844],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136837,34315],{"class":70},[64,136839,75],{"class":74},[64,136841,3184],{"class":320},[64,136843,136021],{"class":329},[64,136845,3190],{"class":320},[64,136847,136848,136850,136852,136854],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,136849,34336],{"class":70},[64,136851,148],{"class":78},[64,136853,8244],{"class":115},[64,136855,8247],{"class":78},[64,136857,136858,136860,136862,136864,136866],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,136859,125],{"class":108},[64,136861,112],{"class":78},[64,136863,34336],{"class":115},[64,136865,133],{"class":78},[64,136867,136868],{"class":136},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,136870,16273],{},[55,136872,136874],{"className":57,"code":136873,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136875,136876,136888,136902],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,136877,136878,136880,136882,136884,136886],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136879,34315],{"class":70},[64,136881,75],{"class":74},[64,136883,3184],{"class":320},[64,136885,136021],{"class":329},[64,136887,3190],{"class":320},[64,136889,136890,136892,136894,136896,136898,136900],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,136891,34315],{"class":70},[64,136893,75],{"class":74},[64,136895,42476],{"class":70},[64,136897,148],{"class":78},[64,136899,8244],{"class":115},[64,136901,8247],{"class":78},[64,136903,136904,136906,136908,136910,136912],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,136905,125],{"class":108},[64,136907,112],{"class":78},[64,136909,34336],{"class":115},[64,136911,133],{"class":78},[64,136913,136033],{"class":136},[428,136915,8020,136917,136919],{"id":136916},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,136918,123727],{}," on a non-string value",[20,136921,136922,136924],{},[15,136923,123727],{}," only works on strings.",[20,136926,16261],{},[55,136928,136930],{"className":57,"code":136929,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,136931,136932,136940],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,136933,136934,136936,136938],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136935,2048],{"class":70},[64,136937,75],{"class":74},[64,136939,124679],{"class":82},[64,136941,136942,136944,136946,136948,136950,136952],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,136943,125],{"class":108},[64,136945,112],{"class":78},[64,136947,2069],{"class":115},[64,136949,148],{"class":78},[64,136951,8244],{"class":115},[64,136953,6792],{"class":78},[20,136955,136956,136957,33227],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,136958,123727],{},[20,136960,136961],{},"You can check the type first:",[55,136963,136965],{"className":57,"code":136964,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136966,136967,136979,136983,136997],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,136968,136969,136971,136973,136975,136977],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,136970,34315],{"class":70},[64,136972,75],{"class":74},[64,136974,3184],{"class":320},[64,136976,136021],{"class":329},[64,136978,3190],{"class":320},[64,136980,136981],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,136982,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,136984,136985,136987,136989,136991,136993,136995],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,136986,125],{"class":108},[64,136988,112],{"class":78},[64,136990,3052],{"class":357},[64,136992,112],{"class":78},[64,136994,34336],{"class":115},[64,136996,471],{"class":78},[64,136998,136999,137001,137003,137005,137007,137009],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,137000,125],{"class":108},[64,137002,112],{"class":78},[64,137004,34336],{"class":115},[64,137006,148],{"class":78},[64,137008,8244],{"class":115},[64,137010,6792],{"class":78},[428,137012,137014],{"id":137013},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137016,137017],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[55,137019,137021],{"className":57,"code":137020,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137022,137023,137036,137040,137057,137072,137078],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,137024,137025,137027,137029,137031,137034],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,137026,136240],{"class":70},[64,137028,75],{"class":74},[64,137030,3184],{"class":320},[64,137032,137033],{"class":329},"Yes",[64,137035,3190],{"class":320},[64,137037,137038],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,137039,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,137041,137042,137044,137047,137049,137051,137053,137055],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,137043,6595],{"class":368},[64,137045,137046],{"class":70}," answer ",[64,137048,1196],{"class":74},[64,137050,3184],{"class":320},[64,137052,8262],{"class":329},[64,137054,2686],{"class":320},[64,137056,5989],{"class":78},[64,137058,137059,137061,137063,137065,137068,137070],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,137060,7670],{"class":108},[64,137062,112],{"class":78},[64,137064,2686],{"class":320},[64,137066,137067],{"class":329},"Match",[64,137069,2686],{"class":320},[64,137071,119],{"class":78},[64,137073,137074,137076],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,137075,27057],{"class":368},[64,137077,5989],{"class":78},[64,137079,137080,137082,137084,137086,137089,137091],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,137081,7670],{"class":108},[64,137083,112],{"class":78},[64,137085,2686],{"class":320},[64,137087,137088],{"class":329},"No match",[64,137090,2686],{"class":320},[64,137092,119],{"class":78},[20,137094,28685,137095,896,137098,137101,137102,148],{},[15,137096,137097],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137099,137100],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137103,137088],{},[20,137105,137106],{},"Better:",[55,137108,137110],{"className":57,"code":137109,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137111,137112,137124,137128,137150],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,137113,137114,137116,137118,137120,137122],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,137115,136240],{"class":70},[64,137117,75],{"class":74},[64,137119,3184],{"class":320},[64,137121,137033],{"class":329},[64,137123,3190],{"class":320},[64,137125,137126],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,137127,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,137129,137130,137132,137134,137136,137138,137140,137142,137144,137146,137148],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,137131,6595],{"class":368},[64,137133,136260],{"class":70},[64,137135,148],{"class":78},[64,137137,8244],{"class":115},[64,137139,6964],{"class":78},[64,137141,6004],{"class":74},[64,137143,3184],{"class":320},[64,137145,8262],{"class":329},[64,137147,2686],{"class":320},[64,137149,5989],{"class":78},[64,137151,137152,137154,137156,137158,137160,137162],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,137153,7670],{"class":108},[64,137155,112],{"class":78},[64,137157,2686],{"class":320},[64,137159,137067],{"class":329},[64,137161,2686],{"class":320},[64,137163,119],{"class":78},[428,137165,43848,137167,137170],{"id":137166},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137168,137169],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137172,137173,137174,137176],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137175,123727],{}," is enough.",[20,137178,137179,137180,137182,137183,148],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137181,137169],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137184,123727],{},[20,137186,137187,137188,122239],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137189,123727],{},[50,137191,137193,10193,137195],{"id":137192},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137194,123727],{},[15,137196,127875],{},[20,137198,137199,896,137201,137203],{},[15,137200,123727],{},[15,137202,127875],{}," are very similar.",[30,137205,137206,137211,137216,137219],{},[33,137207,137208,137210],{},[15,137209,123727],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[33,137212,137213,137215],{},[15,137214,127875],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[33,137217,137218],{},"Both return new strings",[33,137220,137221],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137223,916],{},[55,137225,137227],{"className":57,"code":137226,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137228,137229,137241,137245,137261],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,137230,137231,137233,137235,137237,137239],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,137232,34315],{"class":70},[64,137234,75],{"class":74},[64,137236,3184],{"class":320},[64,137238,128716],{"class":329},[64,137240,3190],{"class":320},[64,137242,137243],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,137244,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,137246,137247,137249,137251,137253,137255,137257,137259],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,137248,125],{"class":108},[64,137250,112],{"class":78},[64,137252,34336],{"class":115},[64,137254,148],{"class":78},[64,137256,8244],{"class":115},[64,137258,136030],{"class":78},[64,137260,135928],{"class":136},[64,137262,137263,137265,137267,137269,137271,137273,137275],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,137264,125],{"class":108},[64,137266,112],{"class":78},[64,137268,34336],{"class":115},[64,137270,148],{"class":78},[64,137272,34105],{"class":115},[64,137274,136030],{"class":78},[64,137276,137277],{"class":136},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137279,137280,137281,148],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[285,137282,125997,137284,10349],{"href":137283},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137285,127875],{},[50,137287,1651],{"id":1650},[428,137289,12317,137291,124324],{"id":137290},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137292,123727],{},[20,137294,137295],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[428,137297,12317,137299,137301],{"id":137298},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137300,123727],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137303,137304,137305,148],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137306,137307],{},"string.lower()",[428,137309,1655,137311,12329],{"id":137310},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137312,123727],{},[20,137314,137315],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[428,137317,27952,137319,137321],{"id":137318},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137320,123727],{}," on user input?",[20,137323,137324,137325,137327],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137326,2790],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[428,137329,1694,137331,896,137333,1677],{"id":137330},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137332,123727],{},[15,137334,137169],{},[20,137336,137337,137339,137340,137342],{},[15,137338,123727],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137341,137169],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[50,137344,1717],{"id":1716},[30,137346,137347,137351,137357,137363,137369,137373,137377,137383],{},[33,137348,137349],{},[285,137350,50614],{"href":50613},[33,137352,137353],{},[285,137354,125997,137355,10349],{"href":137283},[15,137356,127875],{},[33,137358,137359],{},[285,137360,125997,137361,10349],{"href":136567},[15,137362,41287],{},[33,137364,137365],{},[285,137366,125997,137367,10349],{"href":129578},[15,137368,124168],{},[33,137370,137371],{},[285,137372,124396],{"href":123252},[33,137374,137375],{},[285,137376,90325],{"href":89334},[33,137378,137379],{},[285,137380,13,137381,1713],{"href":7821},[15,137382,2790],{},[33,137384,137385],{},[285,137386,137387],{"href":135968},"What is a string in Python?",[1751,137389,137390],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":137392},[137393,137395,137396,137397,137398,137399,137400,137409,137411,137423],{"id":135938,"depth":100,"text":137394},"What lower() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":11085,"depth":100,"text":11086},{"id":17036,"depth":100,"text":17037},{"id":136387,"depth":100,"text":136388},{"id":15212,"depth":100,"text":15213},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661,"children":137401},[137402,137403,137404,137406,137407],{"id":25309,"depth":122,"text":25310},{"id":136822,"depth":122,"text":136823},{"id":136916,"depth":122,"text":137405},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137013,"depth":122,"text":137014},{"id":137166,"depth":122,"text":137408},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137192,"depth":100,"text":137410},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":137412},[137413,137415,137417,137419,137421],{"id":137290,"depth":122,"text":137414},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137298,"depth":122,"text":137416},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137310,"depth":122,"text":137418},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137318,"depth":122,"text":137420},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137330,"depth":122,"text":137422},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135855,"description":137424},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137431,"title":137432,"body":137433,"description":138983,"extension":1791,"meta":138984,"navigation":346,"path":138985,"seo":138986,"stem":138987,"__hash__":138988},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137434,"toc":138944},[137435,137440,137445,137451,137466,137468,137528,137530,137539,137545,137550,137555,137557,137571,137575,137577,137624,137626,137644,137646,137649,137720,137722,137736,137739,137751,137760,137764,137769,137774,137778,137844,137846,137855,137859,137924,137926,137935,137938,137943,137947,137952,137956,138017,138019,138028,138032,138035,138091,138093,138102,138105,138118,138120,138124,138131,138193,138195,138208,138214,138217,138224,138229,138234,138237,138245,138247,138308,138310,138319,138322,138369,138372,138419,138421,138426,138443,138450,138455,138508,138510,138518,138520,138577,138579,138587,138591,138638,138640,138648,138656,138660,138708,138710,138719,138724,138775,138777,138786,138793,138796,138817,138819,138824,138827,138831,138834,138838,138841,138868,138874,138877,138904,138909,138911,138913,138941],[10,137436,122997,137438,10932],{"id":137437},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137439,124168],{},[20,137441,123002,137442,137444],{},[15,137443,124168],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137446,137447,137448,137450],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137449,124168],{},". You will learn:",[30,137452,137453,137457,137460,137463],{},[33,137454,25642,137455,155],{},[15,137456,124168],{},[33,137458,137459],{},"how its syntax works",[33,137461,137462],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[33,137464,137465],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[50,137467,1833],{"id":1832},[55,137469,137471],{"className":57,"code":137470,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137472,137473,137486,137518],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,137474,137475,137477,137479,137481,137484],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,137476,34315],{"class":70},[64,137478,75],{"class":74},[64,137480,3184],{"class":320},[64,137482,137483],{"class":329},"I like cats",[64,137485,3190],{"class":320},[64,137487,137488,137490,137492,137494,137496,137498,137500,137502,137505,137507,137509,137511,137514,137516],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,137489,129836],{"class":70},[64,137491,75],{"class":74},[64,137493,42476],{"class":70},[64,137495,148],{"class":78},[64,137497,34627],{"class":115},[64,137499,112],{"class":78},[64,137501,2686],{"class":320},[64,137503,137504],{"class":329},"cats",[64,137506,2686],{"class":320},[64,137508,86],{"class":78},[64,137510,3184],{"class":320},[64,137512,137513],{"class":329},"dogs",[64,137515,2686],{"class":320},[64,137517,119],{"class":78},[64,137519,137520,137522,137524,137526],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,137521,125],{"class":108},[64,137523,112],{"class":78},[64,137525,129867],{"class":115},[64,137527,119],{"class":78},[20,137529,384],{},[55,137531,137533],{"className":57,"code":137532,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"I like dogs\n",[15,137534,137535],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,137536,137537],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,137538,137532],{"class":70},[20,137540,1923,137541,137544],{},[15,137542,137543],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[50,137546,152,137548,155],{"id":137547},"what-replace-does",[15,137549,124168],{},[20,137551,137552,137554],{},[15,137553,124168],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137556,12666],{},[30,137558,137559,137561,137563,137566],{},[33,137560,133245],{},[33,137562,135963],{},[33,137564,137565],{},"It works on exact matches",[33,137567,137568,137569],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137570,40893],{},[20,137572,124749,137573,148],{},[285,137574,124752],{"href":50613},[50,137576,5024],{"id":5023},[55,137578,137580],{"className":57,"code":137579,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137581,137582,137602],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,137583,137584,137586,137588,137590,137592,137595,137597,137600],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,137585,60815],{"class":70},[64,137587,148],{"class":78},[64,137589,34627],{"class":115},[64,137591,112],{"class":78},[64,137593,137594],{"class":115},"old",[64,137596,86],{"class":78},[64,137598,137599],{"class":115}," new",[64,137601,119],{"class":78},[64,137603,137604,137606,137608,137610,137612,137614,137616,137618,137620,137622],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,137605,60815],{"class":70},[64,137607,148],{"class":78},[64,137609,34627],{"class":115},[64,137611,112],{"class":78},[64,137613,137594],{"class":115},[64,137615,86],{"class":78},[64,137617,137599],{"class":115},[64,137619,86],{"class":78},[64,137621,49239],{"class":115},[64,137623,119],{"class":78},[428,137625,17013],{"id":17012},[30,137627,137628,137633,137639],{},[33,137629,137630,137632],{},[15,137631,137594],{}," = the text to find",[33,137634,137635,137638],{},[15,137636,137637],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[33,137640,137641,137643],{},[15,137642,40893],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[50,137645,5381],{"id":5380},[20,137647,137648],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[55,137650,137652],{"className":57,"code":137651,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137653,137654,137666,137696,137700,137710],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,137655,137656,137658,137660,137662,137664],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,137657,34315],{"class":70},[64,137659,75],{"class":74},[64,137661,3184],{"class":320},[64,137663,137483],{"class":329},[64,137665,3190],{"class":320},[64,137667,137668,137670,137672,137674,137676,137678,137680,137682,137684,137686,137688,137690,137692,137694],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,137669,129836],{"class":70},[64,137671,75],{"class":74},[64,137673,42476],{"class":70},[64,137675,148],{"class":78},[64,137677,34627],{"class":115},[64,137679,112],{"class":78},[64,137681,2686],{"class":320},[64,137683,137504],{"class":329},[64,137685,2686],{"class":320},[64,137687,86],{"class":78},[64,137689,3184],{"class":320},[64,137691,137513],{"class":329},[64,137693,2686],{"class":320},[64,137695,119],{"class":78},[64,137697,137698],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,137699,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,137701,137702,137704,137706,137708],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,137703,125],{"class":108},[64,137705,112],{"class":78},[64,137707,34336],{"class":115},[64,137709,119],{"class":78},[64,137711,137712,137714,137716,137718],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,137713,125],{"class":108},[64,137715,112],{"class":78},[64,137717,129867],{"class":115},[64,137719,119],{"class":78},[20,137721,384],{},[55,137723,137725],{"className":57,"code":137724,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137726,137727,137732],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,137728,137729],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,137730,137731],{"class":70},"I like cats\n",[64,137733,137734],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,137735,137532],{"class":70},[20,137737,137738],{},"Notice what happened:",[30,137740,137741,137746],{},[33,137742,137743,137745],{},[15,137744,34336],{}," did not change",[33,137747,137748,137750],{},[15,137749,129867],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137752,137753,137754,137756,137757,137759],{},"This happens because strings are ",[221,137755,136632],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137758,124168],{}," return a new string instead.",[50,137761,137763],{"id":137762},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137765,89343,137766,137768],{},[15,137767,124168],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137770,137771,137772,36252],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137773,40893],{},[428,137775,137777],{"id":137776},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[55,137779,137781],{"className":57,"code":137780,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137782,137783,137796,137830,137834],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,137784,137785,137787,137789,137791,137794],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,137786,34315],{"class":70},[64,137788,75],{"class":74},[64,137790,3184],{"class":320},[64,137792,137793],{"class":329},"cat cat cat",[64,137795,3190],{"class":320},[64,137797,137798,137800,137802,137804,137806,137808,137810,137812,137814,137816,137818,137820,137822,137824,137826,137828],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,137799,103],{"class":70},[64,137801,75],{"class":74},[64,137803,42476],{"class":70},[64,137805,148],{"class":78},[64,137807,34627],{"class":115},[64,137809,112],{"class":78},[64,137811,2686],{"class":320},[64,137813,36678],{"class":329},[64,137815,2686],{"class":320},[64,137817,86],{"class":78},[64,137819,3184],{"class":320},[64,137821,57767],{"class":329},[64,137823,2686],{"class":320},[64,137825,86],{"class":78},[64,137827,5091],{"class":82},[64,137829,119],{"class":78},[64,137831,137832],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,137833,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,137835,137836,137838,137840,137842],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,137837,125],{"class":108},[64,137839,112],{"class":78},[64,137841,130],{"class":115},[64,137843,119],{"class":78},[20,137845,384],{},[55,137847,137849],{"className":57,"code":137848,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"dog cat cat\n",[15,137850,137851],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,137852,137853],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,137854,137848],{"class":70},[428,137856,137858],{"id":137857},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[55,137860,137862],{"className":57,"code":137861,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137863,137864,137876,137910,137914],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,137865,137866,137868,137870,137872,137874],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,137867,34315],{"class":70},[64,137869,75],{"class":74},[64,137871,3184],{"class":320},[64,137873,137793],{"class":329},[64,137875,3190],{"class":320},[64,137877,137878,137880,137882,137884,137886,137888,137890,137892,137894,137896,137898,137900,137902,137904,137906,137908],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,137879,103],{"class":70},[64,137881,75],{"class":74},[64,137883,42476],{"class":70},[64,137885,148],{"class":78},[64,137887,34627],{"class":115},[64,137889,112],{"class":78},[64,137891,2686],{"class":320},[64,137893,36678],{"class":329},[64,137895,2686],{"class":320},[64,137897,86],{"class":78},[64,137899,3184],{"class":320},[64,137901,57767],{"class":329},[64,137903,2686],{"class":320},[64,137905,86],{"class":78},[64,137907,89],{"class":82},[64,137909,119],{"class":78},[64,137911,137912],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,137913,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,137915,137916,137918,137920,137922],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,137917,125],{"class":108},[64,137919,112],{"class":78},[64,137921,130],{"class":115},[64,137923,119],{"class":78},[20,137925,384],{},[55,137927,137929],{"className":57,"code":137928,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"dog dog cat\n",[15,137930,137931],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,137932,137933],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,137934,137928],{"class":70},[20,137936,137937],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,137939,137940,137941,148],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[285,137942,127721],{"href":124165},[50,137944,137946],{"id":137945},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,137948,137949,137951],{},[15,137950,124168],{}," can also change single characters.",[428,137953,137955],{"id":137954},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[55,137957,137959],{"className":57,"code":137958,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137960,137961,137973,138003,138007],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,137962,137963,137965,137967,137969,137971],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,137964,34315],{"class":70},[64,137966,75],{"class":74},[64,137968,3184],{"class":320},[64,137970,585],{"class":329},[64,137972,3190],{"class":320},[64,137974,137975,137977,137979,137981,137983,137985,137987,137989,137991,137993,137995,137997,137999,138001],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,137976,103],{"class":70},[64,137978,75],{"class":74},[64,137980,42476],{"class":70},[64,137982,148],{"class":78},[64,137984,34627],{"class":115},[64,137986,112],{"class":78},[64,137988,2686],{"class":320},[64,137990,285],{"class":329},[64,137992,2686],{"class":320},[64,137994,86],{"class":78},[64,137996,3184],{"class":320},[64,137998,60114],{"class":329},[64,138000,2686],{"class":320},[64,138002,119],{"class":78},[64,138004,138005],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,138006,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,138008,138009,138011,138013,138015],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,138010,125],{"class":108},[64,138012,112],{"class":78},[64,138014,130],{"class":115},[64,138016,119],{"class":78},[20,138018,384],{},[55,138020,138022],{"className":57,"code":138021,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"bonono\n",[15,138023,138024],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,138025,138026],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138027,138021],{"class":70},[428,138029,138031],{"id":138030},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138033,138034],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[55,138036,138038],{"className":57,"code":138037,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138039,138040,138053,138077,138081],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,138041,138042,138044,138046,138048,138051],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138043,34315],{"class":70},[64,138045,75],{"class":74},[64,138047,3184],{"class":320},[64,138049,138050],{"class":329},"a b c",[64,138052,3190],{"class":320},[64,138054,138055,138057,138059,138061,138063,138065,138067,138069,138071,138073,138075],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,138056,103],{"class":70},[64,138058,75],{"class":74},[64,138060,42476],{"class":70},[64,138062,148],{"class":78},[64,138064,34627],{"class":115},[64,138066,112],{"class":78},[64,138068,2686],{"class":320},[64,138070,3184],{"class":320},[64,138072,86],{"class":78},[64,138074,5721],{"class":320},[64,138076,119],{"class":78},[64,138078,138079],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,138080,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,138082,138083,138085,138087,138089],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,138084,125],{"class":108},[64,138086,112],{"class":78},[64,138088,130],{"class":115},[64,138090,119],{"class":78},[20,138092,384],{},[55,138094,138096],{"className":57,"code":138095,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"abc\n",[15,138097,138098],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,138099,138100],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138101,138095],{"class":70},[20,138103,138104],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138106,138107,138108,138112,138113,138117],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[285,138109,125997,138110,10349],{"href":128684},[15,138111,60172],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[285,138114,125997,138115,10349],{"href":136567},[15,138116,41287],{}," is often a better choice.",[50,138119,123644],{"id":123643},[20,138121,138122,123455],{},[15,138123,124168],{},[20,138125,127042,138126,896,138128,127049],{},[15,138127,112681],{},[15,138129,138130],{},"\"Cat\"",[55,138132,138134],{"className":57,"code":138133,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138135,138136,138149,138179,138183],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,138137,138138,138140,138142,138144,138147],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138139,34315],{"class":70},[64,138141,75],{"class":74},[64,138143,3184],{"class":320},[64,138145,138146],{"class":329},"Cat cat CAT",[64,138148,3190],{"class":320},[64,138150,138151,138153,138155,138157,138159,138161,138163,138165,138167,138169,138171,138173,138175,138177],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,138152,103],{"class":70},[64,138154,75],{"class":74},[64,138156,42476],{"class":70},[64,138158,148],{"class":78},[64,138160,34627],{"class":115},[64,138162,112],{"class":78},[64,138164,2686],{"class":320},[64,138166,36678],{"class":329},[64,138168,2686],{"class":320},[64,138170,86],{"class":78},[64,138172,3184],{"class":320},[64,138174,57767],{"class":329},[64,138176,2686],{"class":320},[64,138178,119],{"class":78},[64,138180,138181],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,138182,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,138184,138185,138187,138189,138191],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,138186,125],{"class":108},[64,138188,112],{"class":78},[64,138190,130],{"class":115},[64,138192,119],{"class":78},[20,138194,384],{},[55,138196,138198],{"className":57,"code":138197,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138199,138200],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,138201,138202,138205],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138203,138204],{"class":70},"Cat dog ",[64,138206,138207],{"class":34080},"CAT\n",[20,138209,138210,138211,138213],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138212,112681],{}," was replaced.",[20,138215,138216],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138218,138219,138220,148],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[285,138221,125997,138222,10349],{"href":123724},[15,138223,123727],{},[50,138225,152,138227,11317],{"id":138226},"what-replace-returns",[15,138228,124168],{},[20,138230,138231,138233],{},[15,138232,124168],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138235,138236],{},"If no match is found:",[30,138238,138239,138242],{},[33,138240,138241],{},"no error happens",[33,138243,138244],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138246,916],{},[55,138248,138250],{"className":57,"code":138249,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138251,138252,138264,138294,138298],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,138253,138254,138256,138258,138260,138262],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138255,34315],{"class":70},[64,138257,75],{"class":74},[64,138259,3184],{"class":320},[64,138261,330],{"class":329},[64,138263,3190],{"class":320},[64,138265,138266,138268,138270,138272,138274,138276,138278,138280,138282,138284,138286,138288,138290,138292],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,138267,103],{"class":70},[64,138269,75],{"class":74},[64,138271,42476],{"class":70},[64,138273,148],{"class":78},[64,138275,34627],{"class":115},[64,138277,112],{"class":78},[64,138279,2686],{"class":320},[64,138281,363],{"class":329},[64,138283,2686],{"class":320},[64,138285,86],{"class":78},[64,138287,3184],{"class":320},[64,138289,11357],{"class":329},[64,138291,2686],{"class":320},[64,138293,119],{"class":78},[64,138295,138296],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,138297,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,138299,138300,138302,138304,138306],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,138301,125],{"class":108},[64,138303,112],{"class":78},[64,138305,130],{"class":115},[64,138307,119],{"class":78},[20,138309,384],{},[55,138311,138313],{"className":57,"code":138312,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"hello\n",[15,138314,138315],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,138316,138317],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138318,138312],{"class":70},[20,138320,138321],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[55,138323,138325],{"className":57,"code":138324,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138326,138327,138339],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,138328,138329,138331,138333,138335,138337],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138330,34315],{"class":70},[64,138332,75],{"class":74},[64,138334,3184],{"class":320},[64,138336,60047],{"class":329},[64,138338,3190],{"class":320},[64,138340,138341,138343,138345,138347,138349,138351,138353,138355,138357,138359,138361,138363,138365,138367],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,138342,129836],{"class":70},[64,138344,75],{"class":74},[64,138346,42476],{"class":70},[64,138348,148],{"class":78},[64,138350,34627],{"class":115},[64,138352,112],{"class":78},[64,138354,2686],{"class":320},[64,138356,60232],{"class":329},[64,138358,2686],{"class":320},[64,138360,86],{"class":78},[64,138362,3184],{"class":320},[64,138364,6895],{"class":329},[64,138366,2686],{"class":320},[64,138368,119],{"class":78},[20,138370,138371],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[55,138373,138375],{"className":57,"code":138374,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138376,138377,138389],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,138378,138379,138381,138383,138385,138387],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138380,34315],{"class":70},[64,138382,75],{"class":74},[64,138384,3184],{"class":320},[64,138386,60047],{"class":329},[64,138388,3190],{"class":320},[64,138390,138391,138393,138395,138397,138399,138401,138403,138405,138407,138409,138411,138413,138415,138417],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,138392,34315],{"class":70},[64,138394,75],{"class":74},[64,138396,42476],{"class":70},[64,138398,148],{"class":78},[64,138400,34627],{"class":115},[64,138402,112],{"class":78},[64,138404,2686],{"class":320},[64,138406,60232],{"class":329},[64,138408,2686],{"class":320},[64,138410,86],{"class":78},[64,138412,3184],{"class":320},[64,138414,6895],{"class":329},[64,138416,2686],{"class":320},[64,138418,119],{"class":78},[50,138420,1023],{"id":1022},[20,138422,138423,138424,160],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138425,124168],{},[30,138427,138428,138431,138435,138438],{},[33,138429,138430],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[33,138432,8056,138433,131217],{},[15,138434,124168],{},[33,138436,138437],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[33,138439,36835,138440,138442],{},[15,138441,124168],{}," with regex-based replacements",[428,138444,138446,138447,138449],{"id":138445},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138448,124168],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138451,138452,138453,160],{},"This does not update ",[15,138454,34336],{},[55,138456,138458],{"className":57,"code":138457,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138459,138460,138472,138498],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,138461,138462,138464,138466,138468,138470],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138463,34315],{"class":70},[64,138465,75],{"class":74},[64,138467,3184],{"class":320},[64,138469,137483],{"class":329},[64,138471,3190],{"class":320},[64,138473,138474,138476,138478,138480,138482,138484,138486,138488,138490,138492,138494,138496],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,138475,34336],{"class":70},[64,138477,148],{"class":78},[64,138479,34627],{"class":115},[64,138481,112],{"class":78},[64,138483,2686],{"class":320},[64,138485,137504],{"class":329},[64,138487,2686],{"class":320},[64,138489,86],{"class":78},[64,138491,3184],{"class":320},[64,138493,137513],{"class":329},[64,138495,2686],{"class":320},[64,138497,119],{"class":78},[64,138499,138500,138502,138504,138506],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,138501,125],{"class":108},[64,138503,112],{"class":78},[64,138505,34336],{"class":115},[64,138507,119],{"class":78},[20,138509,384],{},[55,138511,138512],{"className":57,"code":137731,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,138513,138514],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,138515,138516],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138517,137731],{"class":70},[20,138519,10416],{},[55,138521,138523],{"className":57,"code":138522,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138524,138525,138537,138567],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,138526,138527,138529,138531,138533,138535],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138528,34315],{"class":70},[64,138530,75],{"class":74},[64,138532,3184],{"class":320},[64,138534,137483],{"class":329},[64,138536,3190],{"class":320},[64,138538,138539,138541,138543,138545,138547,138549,138551,138553,138555,138557,138559,138561,138563,138565],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,138540,34315],{"class":70},[64,138542,75],{"class":74},[64,138544,42476],{"class":70},[64,138546,148],{"class":78},[64,138548,34627],{"class":115},[64,138550,112],{"class":78},[64,138552,2686],{"class":320},[64,138554,137504],{"class":329},[64,138556,2686],{"class":320},[64,138558,86],{"class":78},[64,138560,3184],{"class":320},[64,138562,137513],{"class":329},[64,138564,2686],{"class":320},[64,138566,119],{"class":78},[64,138568,138569,138571,138573,138575],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,138570,125],{"class":108},[64,138572,112],{"class":78},[64,138574,34336],{"class":115},[64,138576,119],{"class":78},[20,138578,384],{},[55,138580,138581],{"className":57,"code":137532,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,138582,138583],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,138584,138585],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138586,137532],{"class":70},[428,138588,138590],{"id":138589},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[55,138592,138594],{"className":57,"code":138593,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138595,138596,138608],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,138597,138598,138600,138602,138604,138606],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138599,34315],{"class":70},[64,138601,75],{"class":74},[64,138603,3184],{"class":320},[64,138605,34495],{"class":329},[64,138607,3190],{"class":320},[64,138609,138610,138612,138614,138616,138618,138620,138622,138624,138626,138628,138630,138632,138634,138636],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,138611,125],{"class":108},[64,138613,112],{"class":78},[64,138615,34336],{"class":115},[64,138617,148],{"class":78},[64,138619,34627],{"class":115},[64,138621,112],{"class":78},[64,138623,2686],{"class":320},[64,138625,330],{"class":329},[64,138627,2686],{"class":320},[64,138629,86],{"class":78},[64,138631,3184],{"class":320},[64,138633,89578],{"class":329},[64,138635,2686],{"class":320},[64,138637,471],{"class":78},[20,138639,384],{},[55,138641,138642],{"className":57,"code":88591,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,138643,138644],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,138645,138646],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138647,88591],{"class":70},[20,138649,138650,138651,896,138653,138655],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138652,64176],{},[15,138654,90060],{}," are not the same.",[428,138657,138659],{"id":138658},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[55,138661,138663],{"className":57,"code":138662,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138664,138665,138678],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,138666,138667,138669,138671,138673,138676],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138668,34315],{"class":70},[64,138670,75],{"class":74},[64,138672,3184],{"class":320},[64,138674,138675],{"class":329},"red red red",[64,138677,3190],{"class":320},[64,138679,138680,138682,138684,138686,138688,138690,138692,138694,138696,138698,138700,138702,138704,138706],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,138681,125],{"class":108},[64,138683,112],{"class":78},[64,138685,34336],{"class":115},[64,138687,148],{"class":78},[64,138689,34627],{"class":115},[64,138691,112],{"class":78},[64,138693,2686],{"class":320},[64,138695,12707],{"class":329},[64,138697,2686],{"class":320},[64,138699,86],{"class":78},[64,138701,3184],{"class":320},[64,138703,12724],{"class":329},[64,138705,2686],{"class":320},[64,138707,471],{"class":78},[20,138709,384],{},[55,138711,138713],{"className":57,"code":138712,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138714,138715],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,138716,138717],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138718,138712],{"class":70},[20,138720,138721,138722,160],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138723,40893],{},[55,138725,138727],{"className":57,"code":138726,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138728,138729,138741],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,138730,138731,138733,138735,138737,138739],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138732,34315],{"class":70},[64,138734,75],{"class":74},[64,138736,3184],{"class":320},[64,138738,138675],{"class":329},[64,138740,3190],{"class":320},[64,138742,138743,138745,138747,138749,138751,138753,138755,138757,138759,138761,138763,138765,138767,138769,138771,138773],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,138744,125],{"class":108},[64,138746,112],{"class":78},[64,138748,34336],{"class":115},[64,138750,148],{"class":78},[64,138752,34627],{"class":115},[64,138754,112],{"class":78},[64,138756,2686],{"class":320},[64,138758,12707],{"class":329},[64,138760,2686],{"class":320},[64,138762,86],{"class":78},[64,138764,3184],{"class":320},[64,138766,12724],{"class":329},[64,138768,2686],{"class":320},[64,138770,86],{"class":78},[64,138772,5091],{"class":82},[64,138774,471],{"class":78},[20,138776,384],{},[55,138778,138780],{"className":57,"code":138779,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"blue red red\n",[15,138781,138782],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,138783,138784],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138785,138779],{"class":70},[428,138787,138789,138790,138792],{"id":138788},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138791,124168],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138794,138795],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[30,138797,138798,138805,138812],{},[33,138799,1923,138800,138804],{},[285,138801,138802],{"href":128684},[15,138803,60172],{}," to break a string into a list",[33,138806,1923,138807,138811],{},[285,138808,138809],{"href":136567},[15,138810,41287],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[33,138813,1923,138814,138816],{},[15,138815,124168],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[50,138818,1651],{"id":1650},[428,138820,12317,138822,124324],{"id":138821},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138823,124168],{},[20,138825,138826],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[428,138828,138830],{"id":138829},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,138832,138833],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[428,138835,138837],{"id":138836},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,138839,138840],{},"Use the third argument:",[55,138842,138844],{"className":57,"code":138843,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,138845,138846],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,138847,138848,138850,138852,138854,138856,138858,138860,138862,138864,138866],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138849,34336],{"class":70},[64,138851,148],{"class":78},[64,138853,34627],{"class":115},[64,138855,112],{"class":78},[64,138857,137594],{"class":115},[64,138859,86],{"class":78},[64,138861,137599],{"class":115},[64,138863,86],{"class":78},[64,138865,5091],{"class":82},[64,138867,119],{"class":78},[428,138869,1684,138871,138873],{"id":138870},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,138872,124168],{}," remove text?",[20,138875,138876],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[55,138878,138880],{"className":57,"code":138879,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,138881,138882],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,138883,138884,138886,138888,138890,138892,138894,138896,138898,138900,138902],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,138885,34336],{"class":70},[64,138887,148],{"class":78},[64,138889,34627],{"class":115},[64,138891,112],{"class":78},[64,138893,2686],{"class":320},[64,138895,363],{"class":329},[64,138897,2686],{"class":320},[64,138899,86],{"class":78},[64,138901,5721],{"class":320},[64,138903,119],{"class":78},[428,138905,14519,138907,124333],{"id":138906},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,138908,124168],{},[20,138910,129526],{},[50,138912,1717],{"id":1716},[30,138914,138915,138919,138925,138931,138937],{},[33,138916,138917],{},[285,138918,124403],{"href":124165},[33,138920,138921],{},[285,138922,125997,138923,10349],{"href":128684},[15,138924,60172],{},[33,138926,138927],{},[285,138928,125997,138929,10349],{"href":136567},[15,138930,41287],{},[33,138932,138933],{},[285,138934,125997,138935,10349],{"href":123724},[15,138936,123727],{},[33,138938,138939],{},[285,138940,124752],{"href":50613},[1751,138942,138943],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":138945},[138946,138947,138949,138952,138953,138957,138961,138962,138964,138972,138982],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":137547,"depth":100,"text":138948},"What replace() does",{"id":5023,"depth":100,"text":5024,"children":138950},[138951],{"id":17012,"depth":122,"text":17013},{"id":5380,"depth":100,"text":5381},{"id":137762,"depth":100,"text":137763,"children":138954},[138955,138956],{"id":137776,"depth":122,"text":137777},{"id":137857,"depth":122,"text":137858},{"id":137945,"depth":100,"text":137946,"children":138958},[138959,138960],{"id":137954,"depth":122,"text":137955},{"id":138030,"depth":122,"text":138031},{"id":123643,"depth":100,"text":123644},{"id":138226,"depth":100,"text":138963},"What replace() returns",{"id":1022,"depth":100,"text":1023,"children":138965},[138966,138968,138969,138970],{"id":138445,"depth":122,"text":138967},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138589,"depth":122,"text":138590},{"id":138658,"depth":122,"text":138659},{"id":138788,"depth":122,"text":138971},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":138973},[138974,138976,138977,138978,138980],{"id":138821,"depth":122,"text":138975},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138829,"depth":122,"text":138830},{"id":138836,"depth":122,"text":138837},{"id":138870,"depth":122,"text":138979},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138906,"depth":122,"text":138981},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137432,"description":138983},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":138990,"title":138991,"body":138992,"description":141011,"extension":1791,"meta":141012,"navigation":346,"path":141013,"seo":141014,"stem":141015,"__hash__":141016},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":138993,"toc":140975},[138994,138999,139004,139007,139018,139020,139075,139080,139085,139092,139094,139109,139111,139167,139169,139207,139212,139214,139238,139241,139254,139259,139261,139293,139295,139328,139334,139339,139342,139352,139355,139357,139413,139415,139465,139468,139476,139479,139535,139537,139610,139623,139631,139635,139646,139649,139652,139705,139707,139739,139742,139796,139798,139833,139836,139841,139846,139851,139854,139856,139914,139916,139950,139952,139967,139970,139972,140014,140016,140042,140047,140055,140058,140060,140142,140144,140195,140198,140209,140217,140219,140292,140294,140312,140316,140319,140323,140350,140352,140360,140364,140399,140401,140414,140418,140421,140460,140462,140479,140484,140489,140500,140503,140514,140516,140518,140544,140547,140596,140598,140615,140618,140620,140672,140674,140706,140709,140767,140772,140774,140779,140882,140884,140898,140900,140907,140912,140917,140922,140927,140932,140935,140939,140944,140946,140972],[10,138995,122997,138997,10932],{"id":138996},"python-string-split-method",[15,138998,60172],{},[20,139000,123002,139001,139003],{},[15,139002,60172],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139005,139006],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[30,139008,139009,139012,139015],{},[33,139010,139011],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[33,139013,139014],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[33,139016,139017],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[50,139019,1833],{"id":1832},[55,139021,139023],{"className":57,"code":139022,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139024,139025,139038,139060,139070],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,139026,139027,139029,139031,139033,139036],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139028,34315],{"class":70},[64,139030,75],{"class":74},[64,139032,3184],{"class":320},[64,139034,139035],{"class":329},"apple,banana,cherry",[64,139037,3190],{"class":320},[64,139039,139040,139042,139044,139046,139048,139050,139052,139054,139056,139058],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,139041,42471],{"class":70},[64,139043,75],{"class":74},[64,139045,42476],{"class":70},[64,139047,148],{"class":78},[64,139049,34096],{"class":115},[64,139051,112],{"class":78},[64,139053,2686],{"class":320},[64,139055,86],{"class":329},[64,139057,2686],{"class":320},[64,139059,119],{"class":78},[64,139061,139062,139064,139066,139068],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,139063,125],{"class":108},[64,139065,112],{"class":78},[64,139067,42503],{"class":115},[64,139069,119],{"class":78},[64,139071,139072],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,139073,139074],{"class":136},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139076,1923,139077,139079],{},[15,139078,60172],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[50,139081,152,139083,155],{"id":139082},"what-split-does",[15,139084,60172],{},[20,139086,139087,132045,139089,148],{},[15,139088,60172],{},[221,139090,139091],{},"string method",[20,139093,48564],{},[30,139095,139096,139099,139104],{},[33,139097,139098],{},"divides a string into parts",[33,139100,119299,139101],{},[221,139102,139103],{},"new list of strings",[33,139105,119305,139106,139108],{},[221,139107,1138],{}," change the original string",[20,139110,916],{},[55,139112,139114],{"className":57,"code":139113,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139115,139116,139129,139143,139147,139157],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,139117,139118,139120,139122,139124,139127],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139119,34315],{"class":70},[64,139121,75],{"class":74},[64,139123,3184],{"class":320},[64,139125,139126],{"class":329},"red blue green",[64,139128,3190],{"class":320},[64,139130,139131,139133,139135,139137,139139,139141],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,139132,42471],{"class":70},[64,139134,75],{"class":74},[64,139136,42476],{"class":70},[64,139138,148],{"class":78},[64,139140,34096],{"class":115},[64,139142,8247],{"class":78},[64,139144,139145],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,139146,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,139148,139149,139151,139153,139155],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,139150,125],{"class":108},[64,139152,112],{"class":78},[64,139154,34336],{"class":115},[64,139156,119],{"class":78},[64,139158,139159,139161,139163,139165],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,139160,125],{"class":108},[64,139162,112],{"class":78},[64,139164,42503],{"class":115},[64,139166,119],{"class":78},[20,139168,384],{},[55,139170,139172],{"className":57,"code":139171,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139173,139174,139179],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,139175,139176],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139177,139178],{"class":70},"red blue green\n",[64,139180,139181,139183,139185,139187,139189,139191,139193,139195,139197,139199,139201,139203,139205],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,139182,394],{"class":78},[64,139184,333],{"class":320},[64,139186,12707],{"class":329},[64,139188,333],{"class":320},[64,139190,86],{"class":78},[64,139192,326],{"class":320},[64,139194,12724],{"class":329},[64,139196,333],{"class":320},[64,139198,86],{"class":78},[64,139200,326],{"class":320},[64,139202,17074],{"class":329},[64,139204,333],{"class":320},[64,139206,97],{"class":78},[20,139208,139209,139210,148],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[285,139211,124752],{"href":50613},[50,139213,1988],{"id":1987},[55,139215,139217],{"className":57,"code":139216,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139218,139219],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,139220,139221,139223,139225,139227,139229,139231,139233,139236],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139222,60815],{"class":70},[64,139224,148],{"class":78},[64,139226,34096],{"class":115},[64,139228,112],{"class":78},[64,139230,133401],{"class":115},[64,139232,86],{"class":78},[64,139234,139235],{"class":115}," maxsplit",[64,139237,119],{"class":78},[20,139239,139240],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[30,139242,139243,139248],{},[33,139244,139245,139247],{},[15,139246,133401],{}," tells Python where to split",[33,139249,139250,139253],{},[15,139251,139252],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139255,8480,139256,139258],{},[15,139257,133401],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139260,916],{},[55,139262,139264],{"className":57,"code":139263,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139265,139266,139279],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,139267,139268,139270,139272,139274,139277],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139269,34315],{"class":70},[64,139271,75],{"class":74},[64,139273,3184],{"class":320},[64,139275,139276],{"class":329},"one two three",[64,139278,3190],{"class":320},[64,139280,139281,139283,139285,139287,139289,139291],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,139282,125],{"class":108},[64,139284,112],{"class":78},[64,139286,34336],{"class":115},[64,139288,148],{"class":78},[64,139290,34096],{"class":115},[64,139292,6792],{"class":78},[20,139294,384],{},[55,139296,139298],{"className":57,"code":139297,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139299,139300],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,139301,139302,139304,139306,139308,139310,139312,139314,139316,139318,139320,139322,139324,139326],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139303,394],{"class":78},[64,139305,333],{"class":320},[64,139307,6182],{"class":329},[64,139309,333],{"class":320},[64,139311,86],{"class":78},[64,139313,326],{"class":320},[64,139315,78913],{"class":329},[64,139317,333],{"class":320},[64,139319,86],{"class":78},[64,139321,326],{"class":320},[64,139323,133883],{"class":329},[64,139325,333],{"class":320},[64,139327,97],{"class":78},[50,139329,8020,139331,139333],{"id":139330},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139332,60172],{}," with no separator",[20,139335,69816,139336,139338],{},[15,139337,60172],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139340,139341],{},"Whitespace includes:",[30,139343,139344,139346,139349],{},[33,139345,10059],{},[33,139347,139348],{},"tabs",[33,139350,139351],{},"new lines",[20,139353,139354],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139356,916],{},[55,139358,139360],{"className":57,"code":139359,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139361,139362,139385,139399,139403],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,139363,139364,139366,139368,139370,139373,139376,139378,139380,139383],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139365,34315],{"class":70},[64,139367,75],{"class":74},[64,139369,3184],{"class":320},[64,139371,139372],{"class":329},"Python   is",[64,139374,139375],{"class":34080},"\\t",[64,139377,133137],{"class":329},[64,139379,86795],{"class":34080},[64,139381,139382],{"class":329},"and useful",[64,139384,3190],{"class":320},[64,139386,139387,139389,139391,139393,139395,139397],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,139388,42471],{"class":70},[64,139390,75],{"class":74},[64,139392,42476],{"class":70},[64,139394,148],{"class":78},[64,139396,34096],{"class":115},[64,139398,8247],{"class":78},[64,139400,139401],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,139402,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,139404,139405,139407,139409,139411],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,139406,125],{"class":108},[64,139408,112],{"class":78},[64,139410,42503],{"class":115},[64,139412,119],{"class":78},[20,139414,384],{},[55,139416,139418],{"className":57,"code":139417,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139419,139420],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,139421,139422,139424,139426,139428,139430,139432,139434,139436,139438,139440,139442,139444,139446,139448,139450,139452,139454,139456,139458,139461,139463],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139423,394],{"class":78},[64,139425,333],{"class":320},[64,139427,6895],{"class":329},[64,139429,333],{"class":320},[64,139431,86],{"class":78},[64,139433,326],{"class":320},[64,139435,11806],{"class":329},[64,139437,333],{"class":320},[64,139439,86],{"class":78},[64,139441,326],{"class":320},[64,139443,133137],{"class":329},[64,139445,333],{"class":320},[64,139447,86],{"class":78},[64,139449,326],{"class":320},[64,139451,129762],{"class":329},[64,139453,333],{"class":320},[64,139455,86],{"class":78},[64,139457,326],{"class":320},[64,139459,139460],{"class":329},"useful",[64,139462,333],{"class":320},[64,139464,97],{"class":78},[20,139466,139467],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[428,139469,139471,10193,139473],{"id":139470},"split-vs-split",[15,139472,60172],{},[15,139474,139475],{},"split(' ')",[20,139477,139478],{},"These are not the same.",[55,139480,139482],{"className":57,"code":139481,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139483,139484,139497,139501,139515],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,139485,139486,139488,139490,139492,139495],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139487,34315],{"class":70},[64,139489,75],{"class":74},[64,139491,3184],{"class":320},[64,139493,139494],{"class":329},"a  b   c",[64,139496,3190],{"class":320},[64,139498,139499],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,139500,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,139502,139503,139505,139507,139509,139511,139513],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,139504,125],{"class":108},[64,139506,112],{"class":78},[64,139508,34336],{"class":115},[64,139510,148],{"class":78},[64,139512,34096],{"class":115},[64,139514,6792],{"class":78},[64,139516,139517,139519,139521,139523,139525,139527,139529,139531,139533],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,139518,125],{"class":108},[64,139520,112],{"class":78},[64,139522,34336],{"class":115},[64,139524,148],{"class":78},[64,139526,34096],{"class":115},[64,139528,112],{"class":78},[64,139530,2686],{"class":320},[64,139532,3184],{"class":320},[64,139534,471],{"class":78},[20,139536,384],{},[55,139538,139540],{"className":57,"code":139539,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139541,139542,139570],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,139543,139544,139546,139548,139550,139552,139554,139556,139558,139560,139562,139564,139566,139568],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139545,394],{"class":78},[64,139547,333],{"class":320},[64,139549,285],{"class":329},[64,139551,333],{"class":320},[64,139553,86],{"class":78},[64,139555,326],{"class":320},[64,139557,1269],{"class":329},[64,139559,333],{"class":320},[64,139561,86],{"class":78},[64,139563,326],{"class":320},[64,139565,9346],{"class":329},[64,139567,333],{"class":320},[64,139569,97],{"class":78},[64,139571,139572,139574,139576,139578,139580,139582,139584,139586,139588,139590,139592,139594,139596,139598,139600,139602,139604,139606,139608],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,139573,394],{"class":78},[64,139575,333],{"class":320},[64,139577,285],{"class":329},[64,139579,333],{"class":320},[64,139581,86],{"class":78},[64,139583,321],{"class":320},[64,139585,86],{"class":78},[64,139587,326],{"class":320},[64,139589,1269],{"class":329},[64,139591,333],{"class":320},[64,139593,86],{"class":78},[64,139595,321],{"class":320},[64,139597,86],{"class":78},[64,139599,321],{"class":320},[64,139601,86],{"class":78},[64,139603,326],{"class":320},[64,139605,9346],{"class":329},[64,139607,333],{"class":320},[64,139609,97],{"class":78},[30,139611,139612,139617],{},[33,139613,139614,139616],{},[15,139615,60172],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[33,139618,139619,139622],{},[15,139620,139621],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139624,139625,139626,139630],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[285,139627,125997,139628,10349],{"href":136567},[15,139629,41287],{}," is often useful.",[50,139632,139634],{"id":139633},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139636,139637,139638,2020,139641,2024,139643,148],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139639,139640],{},"\",\"",[15,139642,133236],{},[15,139644,139645],{},"\"::\"",[20,139647,139648],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139650,139651],{},"Example with commas:",[55,139653,139655],{"className":57,"code":139654,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139656,139657,139669,139691,139695],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,139658,139659,139661,139663,139665,139667],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139660,34315],{"class":70},[64,139662,75],{"class":74},[64,139664,3184],{"class":320},[64,139666,139035],{"class":329},[64,139668,3190],{"class":320},[64,139670,139671,139673,139675,139677,139679,139681,139683,139685,139687,139689],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,139672,42471],{"class":70},[64,139674,75],{"class":74},[64,139676,42476],{"class":70},[64,139678,148],{"class":78},[64,139680,34096],{"class":115},[64,139682,112],{"class":78},[64,139684,2686],{"class":320},[64,139686,86],{"class":329},[64,139688,2686],{"class":320},[64,139690,119],{"class":78},[64,139692,139693],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,139694,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,139696,139697,139699,139701,139703],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,139698,125],{"class":108},[64,139700,112],{"class":78},[64,139702,42503],{"class":115},[64,139704,119],{"class":78},[20,139706,384],{},[55,139708,139709],{"className":57,"code":78092,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,139710,139711],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,139712,139713,139715,139717,139719,139721,139723,139725,139727,139729,139731,139733,139735,139737],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139714,394],{"class":78},[64,139716,333],{"class":320},[64,139718,576],{"class":329},[64,139720,333],{"class":320},[64,139722,86],{"class":78},[64,139724,326],{"class":320},[64,139726,585],{"class":329},[64,139728,333],{"class":320},[64,139730,86],{"class":78},[64,139732,326],{"class":320},[64,139734,594],{"class":329},[64,139736,333],{"class":320},[64,139738,97],{"class":78},[20,139740,139741],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[55,139743,139745],{"className":57,"code":139744,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139746,139747,139760,139782,139786],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,139748,139749,139751,139753,139755,139758],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139750,34315],{"class":70},[64,139752,75],{"class":74},[64,139754,3184],{"class":320},[64,139756,139757],{"class":329},"2024::10::31",[64,139759,3190],{"class":320},[64,139761,139762,139764,139766,139768,139770,139772,139774,139776,139778,139780],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,139763,42471],{"class":70},[64,139765,75],{"class":74},[64,139767,42476],{"class":70},[64,139769,148],{"class":78},[64,139771,34096],{"class":115},[64,139773,112],{"class":78},[64,139775,2686],{"class":320},[64,139777,76309],{"class":329},[64,139779,2686],{"class":320},[64,139781,119],{"class":78},[64,139783,139784],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,139785,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,139787,139788,139790,139792,139794],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,139789,125],{"class":108},[64,139791,112],{"class":78},[64,139793,42503],{"class":115},[64,139795,119],{"class":78},[20,139797,384],{},[55,139799,139801],{"className":57,"code":139800,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139802,139803],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,139804,139805,139807,139809,139812,139814,139816,139818,139820,139822,139824,139826,139829,139831],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139806,394],{"class":78},[64,139808,333],{"class":320},[64,139810,139811],{"class":329},"2024",[64,139813,333],{"class":320},[64,139815,86],{"class":78},[64,139817,326],{"class":320},[64,139819,2160],{"class":329},[64,139821,333],{"class":320},[64,139823,86],{"class":78},[64,139825,326],{"class":320},[64,139827,139828],{"class":329},"31",[64,139830,333],{"class":320},[64,139832,97],{"class":78},[20,139834,139835],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,139837,139838,139839,148],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[285,139840,128681],{"href":128680},[50,139842,8020,139844],{"id":139843},"using-maxsplit",[15,139845,139252],{},[20,139847,139848,139850],{},[15,139849,139252],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,139852,139853],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,139855,916],{},[55,139857,139859],{"className":57,"code":139858,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139860,139861,139874,139900,139904],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,139862,139863,139865,139867,139869,139872],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139864,34315],{"class":70},[64,139866,75],{"class":74},[64,139868,3184],{"class":320},[64,139870,139871],{"class":329},"name:age:city:country",[64,139873,3190],{"class":320},[64,139875,139876,139878,139880,139882,139884,139886,139888,139890,139892,139894,139896,139898],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,139877,42471],{"class":70},[64,139879,75],{"class":74},[64,139881,42476],{"class":70},[64,139883,148],{"class":78},[64,139885,34096],{"class":115},[64,139887,112],{"class":78},[64,139889,2686],{"class":320},[64,139891,160],{"class":329},[64,139893,2686],{"class":320},[64,139895,86],{"class":78},[64,139897,89],{"class":82},[64,139899,119],{"class":78},[64,139901,139902],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,139903,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,139905,139906,139908,139910,139912],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,139907,125],{"class":108},[64,139909,112],{"class":78},[64,139911,42503],{"class":115},[64,139913,119],{"class":78},[20,139915,384],{},[55,139917,139919],{"className":57,"code":139918,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,139920,139921],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,139922,139923,139925,139927,139929,139931,139933,139935,139937,139939,139941,139943,139946,139948],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139924,394],{"class":78},[64,139926,333],{"class":320},[64,139928,7267],{"class":329},[64,139930,333],{"class":320},[64,139932,86],{"class":78},[64,139934,326],{"class":320},[64,139936,8905],{"class":329},[64,139938,333],{"class":320},[64,139940,86],{"class":78},[64,139942,326],{"class":320},[64,139944,139945],{"class":329},"city:country",[64,139947,333],{"class":320},[64,139949,97],{"class":78},[20,139951,2009],{},[30,139953,139954,139959,139964],{},[33,139955,139956,139957],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,139958,160],{},[33,139960,139961,139962],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,139963,160],{},[33,139965,139966],{},"then stops",[20,139968,139969],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,139971,51718],{},[55,139973,139975],{"className":57,"code":139974,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,139976,139977,139990],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,139978,139979,139981,139983,139985,139988],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,139980,34315],{"class":70},[64,139982,75],{"class":74},[64,139984,3184],{"class":320},[64,139986,139987],{"class":329},"apple banana cherry grape",[64,139989,3190],{"class":320},[64,139991,139992,139994,139996,139998,140000,140002,140004,140006,140008,140010,140012],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,139993,125],{"class":108},[64,139995,112],{"class":78},[64,139997,34336],{"class":115},[64,139999,148],{"class":78},[64,140001,34096],{"class":115},[64,140003,112],{"class":78},[64,140005,2686],{"class":320},[64,140007,3184],{"class":320},[64,140009,86],{"class":78},[64,140011,5091],{"class":82},[64,140013,471],{"class":78},[20,140015,384],{},[55,140017,140019],{"className":57,"code":140018,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140020,140021],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,140022,140023,140025,140027,140029,140031,140033,140035,140038,140040],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140024,394],{"class":78},[64,140026,333],{"class":320},[64,140028,576],{"class":329},[64,140030,333],{"class":320},[64,140032,86],{"class":78},[64,140034,326],{"class":320},[64,140036,140037],{"class":329},"banana cherry grape",[64,140039,333],{"class":320},[64,140041,97],{"class":78},[50,140043,152,140045,11317],{"id":140044},"what-split-returns",[15,140046,60172],{},[20,140048,140049,140050,140052,140053,148],{},"The result of ",[15,140051,60172],{}," is always a ",[221,140054,7695],{},[20,140056,140057],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140059,916],{},[55,140061,140063],{"className":57,"code":140062,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140064,140065,140078,140100,140104,140114,140128],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,140066,140067,140069,140071,140073,140076],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140068,34315],{"class":70},[64,140070,75],{"class":74},[64,140072,3184],{"class":320},[64,140074,140075],{"class":329},"cat,dog,bird",[64,140077,3190],{"class":320},[64,140079,140080,140082,140084,140086,140088,140090,140092,140094,140096,140098],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,140081,42471],{"class":70},[64,140083,75],{"class":74},[64,140085,42476],{"class":70},[64,140087,148],{"class":78},[64,140089,34096],{"class":115},[64,140091,112],{"class":78},[64,140093,2686],{"class":320},[64,140095,86],{"class":329},[64,140097,2686],{"class":320},[64,140099,119],{"class":78},[64,140101,140102],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,140103,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,140105,140106,140108,140110,140112],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,140107,125],{"class":108},[64,140109,112],{"class":78},[64,140111,42503],{"class":115},[64,140113,119],{"class":78},[64,140115,140116,140118,140120,140122,140124,140126],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,140117,125],{"class":108},[64,140119,112],{"class":78},[64,140121,3052],{"class":357},[64,140123,112],{"class":78},[64,140125,42503],{"class":115},[64,140127,471],{"class":78},[64,140129,140130,140132,140134,140136,140138,140140],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,140131,125],{"class":108},[64,140133,112],{"class":78},[64,140135,42503],{"class":115},[64,140137,394],{"class":78},[64,140139,243],{"class":82},[64,140141,381],{"class":78},[20,140143,384],{},[55,140145,140147],{"className":57,"code":140146,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140148,140149,140177,140191],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,140150,140151,140153,140155,140157,140159,140161,140163,140165,140167,140169,140171,140173,140175],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140152,394],{"class":78},[64,140154,333],{"class":320},[64,140156,36678],{"class":329},[64,140158,333],{"class":320},[64,140160,86],{"class":78},[64,140162,326],{"class":320},[64,140164,57767],{"class":329},[64,140166,333],{"class":320},[64,140168,86],{"class":78},[64,140170,326],{"class":320},[64,140172,57784],{"class":329},[64,140174,333],{"class":320},[64,140176,97],{"class":78},[64,140178,140179,140181,140183,140185,140187,140189],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,140180,3121],{"class":74},[64,140182,3124],{"class":1895},[64,140184,326],{"class":320},[64,140186,7695],{"class":329},[64,140188,333],{"class":320},[64,140190,3133],{"class":74},[64,140192,140193],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,140194,85111],{"class":70},[20,140196,140197],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[30,140199,140200,140203,140206],{},[33,140201,140202],{},"loop over it",[33,140204,140205],{},"access items by index",[33,140207,140208],{},"combine items again later",[20,140210,140211,140212,148],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[285,140213,125997,140215,10349],{"href":140214},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140216,133079],{},[20,140218,916],{},[55,140220,140222],{"className":57,"code":140221,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140223,140224,140256,140278,140282],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,140225,140226,140228,140230,140232,140234,140236,140238,140240,140242,140244,140246,140248,140250,140252,140254],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140227,42471],{"class":70},[64,140229,75],{"class":74},[64,140231,79],{"class":78},[64,140233,333],{"class":320},[64,140235,36678],{"class":329},[64,140237,333],{"class":320},[64,140239,86],{"class":78},[64,140241,326],{"class":320},[64,140243,57767],{"class":329},[64,140245,333],{"class":320},[64,140247,86],{"class":78},[64,140249,326],{"class":320},[64,140251,57784],{"class":329},[64,140253,333],{"class":320},[64,140255,97],{"class":78},[64,140257,140258,140260,140262,140264,140266,140268,140270,140272,140274,140276],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,140259,34315],{"class":70},[64,140261,75],{"class":74},[64,140263,3184],{"class":320},[64,140265,1852],{"class":329},[64,140267,2686],{"class":320},[64,140269,148],{"class":78},[64,140271,133156],{"class":115},[64,140273,112],{"class":78},[64,140275,42503],{"class":115},[64,140277,119],{"class":78},[64,140279,140280],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,140281,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,140283,140284,140286,140288,140290],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,140285,125],{"class":108},[64,140287,112],{"class":78},[64,140289,34336],{"class":115},[64,140291,119],{"class":78},[20,140293,384],{},[55,140295,140297],{"className":57,"code":140296,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140298,140299],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,140300,140301,140303,140305,140307,140309],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140302,36678],{"class":70},[64,140304,1852],{"class":74},[64,140306,57767],{"class":70},[64,140308,1852],{"class":74},[64,140310,140311],{"class":70},"bird\n",[50,140313,140315],{"id":140314},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140317,140318],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[428,140320,140322],{"id":140321},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[55,140324,140326],{"className":57,"code":140325,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140327,140328,140336],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,140329,140330,140332,140334],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140331,34315],{"class":70},[64,140333,75],{"class":74},[64,140335,7482],{"class":320},[64,140337,140338,140340,140342,140344,140346,140348],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,140339,125],{"class":108},[64,140341,112],{"class":78},[64,140343,34336],{"class":115},[64,140345,148],{"class":78},[64,140347,34096],{"class":115},[64,140349,6792],{"class":78},[20,140351,384],{},[55,140353,140354],{"className":57,"code":37929,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,140355,140356],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,140357,140358],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140359,37929],{"class":78},[428,140361,140363],{"id":140362},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[55,140365,140367],{"className":57,"code":140366,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140368,140369,140377],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,140370,140371,140373,140375],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140372,34315],{"class":70},[64,140374,75],{"class":74},[64,140376,7482],{"class":320},[64,140378,140379,140381,140383,140385,140387,140389,140391,140393,140395,140397],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,140380,125],{"class":108},[64,140382,112],{"class":78},[64,140384,34336],{"class":115},[64,140386,148],{"class":78},[64,140388,34096],{"class":115},[64,140390,112],{"class":78},[64,140392,2686],{"class":320},[64,140394,86],{"class":329},[64,140396,2686],{"class":320},[64,140398,471],{"class":78},[20,140400,384],{},[55,140402,140404],{"className":57,"code":140403,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['']\n",[15,140405,140406],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,140407,140408,140410,140412],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140409,394],{"class":78},[64,140411,253],{"class":320},[64,140413,97],{"class":78},[428,140415,140417],{"id":140416},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140419,140420],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[55,140422,140424],{"className":57,"code":140423,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140425,140426,140438],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,140427,140428,140430,140432,140434,140436],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140429,34315],{"class":70},[64,140431,75],{"class":74},[64,140433,3184],{"class":320},[64,140435,330],{"class":329},[64,140437,3190],{"class":320},[64,140439,140440,140442,140444,140446,140448,140450,140452,140454,140456,140458],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,140441,125],{"class":108},[64,140443,112],{"class":78},[64,140445,34336],{"class":115},[64,140447,148],{"class":78},[64,140449,34096],{"class":115},[64,140451,112],{"class":78},[64,140453,2686],{"class":320},[64,140455,86],{"class":329},[64,140457,2686],{"class":320},[64,140459,471],{"class":78},[20,140461,384],{},[55,140463,140465],{"className":57,"code":140464,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"['hello']\n",[15,140466,140467],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,140468,140469,140471,140473,140475,140477],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140470,394],{"class":78},[64,140472,333],{"class":320},[64,140474,330],{"class":329},[64,140476,333],{"class":320},[64,140478,97],{"class":78},[50,140480,1471,140482],{"id":140481},"when-to-use-split",[15,140483,60172],{},[20,140485,1923,140486,140488],{},[15,140487,60172],{}," when you need to:",[30,140490,140491,140494,140497],{},[33,140492,140493],{},"split a sentence into words",[33,140495,140496],{},"split comma-separated values",[33,140498,140499],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140501,140502],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[30,140504,140505,140508,140511],{},[33,140506,140507],{},"cleaning text",[33,140509,140510],{},"parsing user input",[33,140512,140513],{},"processing simple file content",[50,140515,2661],{"id":2660},[20,140517,83882],{},[30,140519,140520,140524,140530,140533,140541],{},[33,140521,50143,140522,131217],{},[15,140523,60172],{},[33,140525,140526,140527,140529],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140528,60172],{}," returns a list, not a string",[33,140531,140532],{},"using the wrong separator",[33,140534,140535,140536,140538,140539],{},"assuming ",[15,140537,139475],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140540,60172],{},[33,140542,140543],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140545,140546],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[55,140548,140550],{"className":57,"code":140549,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140551,140552,140564,140582,140586],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,140553,140554,140556,140558,140560,140562],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140555,34315],{"class":70},[64,140557,75],{"class":74},[64,140559,3184],{"class":320},[64,140561,42464],{"class":329},[64,140563,3190],{"class":320},[64,140565,140566,140568,140570,140572,140574,140576,140578,140580],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,140567,34336],{"class":70},[64,140569,148],{"class":78},[64,140571,34096],{"class":115},[64,140573,112],{"class":78},[64,140575,2686],{"class":320},[64,140577,86],{"class":329},[64,140579,2686],{"class":320},[64,140581,119],{"class":78},[64,140583,140584],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,140585,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,140587,140588,140590,140592,140594],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,140589,125],{"class":108},[64,140591,112],{"class":78},[64,140593,34336],{"class":115},[64,140595,119],{"class":78},[20,140597,384],{},[55,140599,140601],{"className":57,"code":140600,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a,b,c\n",[15,140602,140603],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,140604,140605,140607,140609,140611,140613],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140606,285],{"class":70},[64,140608,86],{"class":78},[64,140610,1269],{"class":70},[64,140612,86],{"class":78},[64,140614,68888],{"class":70},[20,140616,140617],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140619,10416],{},[55,140621,140622],{"className":57,"code":42451,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,140623,140624,140636,140658,140662],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,140625,140626,140628,140630,140632,140634],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140627,34315],{"class":70},[64,140629,75],{"class":74},[64,140631,3184],{"class":320},[64,140633,42464],{"class":329},[64,140635,3190],{"class":320},[64,140637,140638,140640,140642,140644,140646,140648,140650,140652,140654,140656],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,140639,42471],{"class":70},[64,140641,75],{"class":74},[64,140643,42476],{"class":70},[64,140645,148],{"class":78},[64,140647,34096],{"class":115},[64,140649,112],{"class":78},[64,140651,2686],{"class":320},[64,140653,86],{"class":329},[64,140655,2686],{"class":320},[64,140657,119],{"class":78},[64,140659,140660],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,140661,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,140663,140664,140666,140668,140670],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,140665,125],{"class":108},[64,140667,112],{"class":78},[64,140669,42503],{"class":115},[64,140671,119],{"class":78},[20,140673,384],{},[55,140675,140676],{"className":57,"code":42510,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,140677,140678],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,140679,140680,140682,140684,140686,140688,140690,140692,140694,140696,140698,140700,140702,140704],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140681,394],{"class":78},[64,140683,333],{"class":320},[64,140685,285],{"class":329},[64,140687,333],{"class":320},[64,140689,86],{"class":78},[64,140691,326],{"class":320},[64,140693,1269],{"class":329},[64,140695,333],{"class":320},[64,140697,86],{"class":78},[64,140699,326],{"class":320},[64,140701,9346],{"class":329},[64,140703,333],{"class":320},[64,140705,97],{"class":78},[20,140707,140708],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[55,140710,140712],{"className":57,"code":140711,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140713,140714,140727,140749,140753],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,140715,140716,140718,140720,140722,140725],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140717,34315],{"class":70},[64,140719,75],{"class":74},[64,140721,3184],{"class":320},[64,140723,140724],{"class":329},"apple,banana",[64,140726,3190],{"class":320},[64,140728,140729,140731,140733,140735,140737,140739,140741,140743,140745,140747],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,140730,42471],{"class":70},[64,140732,75],{"class":74},[64,140734,42476],{"class":70},[64,140736,148],{"class":78},[64,140738,34096],{"class":115},[64,140740,112],{"class":78},[64,140742,2686],{"class":320},[64,140744,86],{"class":329},[64,140746,2686],{"class":320},[64,140748,119],{"class":78},[64,140750,140751],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,140752,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,140754,140755,140757,140759,140761,140763,140765],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,140756,125],{"class":108},[64,140758,112],{"class":78},[64,140760,42503],{"class":115},[64,140762,394],{"class":78},[64,140764,815],{"class":82},[64,140766,381],{"class":78},[20,140768,140769,140770,148],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[285,140771,68901],{"href":68900},[428,140773,60351],{"id":60350},[20,140775,8480,140776,140778],{},[15,140777,60172],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[55,140780,140782],{"className":57,"code":140781,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140783,140784,140794,140808,140830,140856],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,140785,140786,140788,140790,140792],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,140787,125],{"class":108},[64,140789,112],{"class":78},[64,140791,34336],{"class":115},[64,140793,119],{"class":78},[64,140795,140796,140798,140800,140802,140804,140806],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,140797,125],{"class":108},[64,140799,112],{"class":78},[64,140801,34336],{"class":115},[64,140803,148],{"class":78},[64,140805,34096],{"class":115},[64,140807,6792],{"class":78},[64,140809,140810,140812,140814,140816,140818,140820,140822,140824,140826,140828],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,140811,125],{"class":108},[64,140813,112],{"class":78},[64,140815,34336],{"class":115},[64,140817,148],{"class":78},[64,140819,34096],{"class":115},[64,140821,112],{"class":78},[64,140823,333],{"class":320},[64,140825,86],{"class":329},[64,140827,333],{"class":320},[64,140829,471],{"class":78},[64,140831,140832,140834,140836,140838,140840,140842,140844,140846,140848,140850,140852,140854],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,140833,125],{"class":108},[64,140835,112],{"class":78},[64,140837,10771],{"class":108},[64,140839,112],{"class":78},[64,140841,34336],{"class":115},[64,140843,148],{"class":78},[64,140845,34096],{"class":115},[64,140847,112],{"class":78},[64,140849,333],{"class":320},[64,140851,86],{"class":329},[64,140853,333],{"class":320},[64,140855,2744],{"class":78},[64,140857,140858,140860,140862,140864,140866,140868,140870,140872,140874,140876,140878,140880],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,140859,125],{"class":108},[64,140861,112],{"class":78},[64,140863,3052],{"class":357},[64,140865,112],{"class":78},[64,140867,34336],{"class":115},[64,140869,148],{"class":78},[64,140871,34096],{"class":115},[64,140873,112],{"class":78},[64,140875,333],{"class":320},[64,140877,86],{"class":329},[64,140879,333],{"class":320},[64,140881,2744],{"class":78},[20,140883,10780],{},[30,140885,140886,140889,140892,140895],{},[33,140887,140888],{},"what the original string looks like",[33,140890,140891],{},"which separator works",[33,140893,140894],{},"how many items were created",[33,140896,140897],{},"that the result is a list",[50,140899,1651],{"id":1650},[428,140901,1694,140903,896,140905,1677],{"id":140902},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,140904,60172],{},[15,140906,139475],{},[20,140908,140909,140911],{},[15,140910,60172],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,140913,140914,140916],{},[15,140915,139475],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[428,140918,12317,140920,124324],{"id":140919},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,140921,60172],{},[20,140923,140924,140925,56118],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,140926,60172],{},[428,140928,1655,140930,39593],{"id":140929},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,140931,139252],{},[20,140933,140934],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[428,140936,140938],{"id":140937},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,140940,28685,140941,140943],{},[15,140942,60172],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[50,140945,1717],{"id":1716},[30,140947,140948,140952,140958,140964,140968],{},[33,140949,140950],{},[285,140951,129602],{"href":128680},[33,140953,140954],{},[285,140955,125997,140956,10349],{"href":140214},[15,140957,133079],{},[33,140959,140960],{},[285,140961,125997,140962,10349],{"href":136567},[15,140963,41287],{},[33,140965,140966],{},[285,140967,124752],{"href":50613},[33,140969,140970],{},[285,140971,68901],{"href":68900},[1751,140973,140974],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":140976},[140977,140978,140980,140981,140986,140987,140989,140991,140996,140998,141001,141010],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":139082,"depth":100,"text":140979},"What split() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":139330,"depth":100,"text":140982,"children":140983},"Using split() with no separator",[140984],{"id":139470,"depth":122,"text":140985},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139633,"depth":100,"text":139634},{"id":139843,"depth":100,"text":140988},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140044,"depth":100,"text":140990},"What split() returns",{"id":140314,"depth":100,"text":140315,"children":140992},[140993,140994,140995],{"id":140321,"depth":122,"text":140322},{"id":140362,"depth":122,"text":140363},{"id":140416,"depth":122,"text":140417},{"id":140481,"depth":100,"text":140997},"When to use split()",{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661,"children":140999},[141000],{"id":60350,"depth":122,"text":60351},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":141002},[141003,141005,141007,141009],{"id":140902,"depth":122,"text":141004},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140919,"depth":122,"text":141006},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140929,"depth":122,"text":141008},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":140937,"depth":122,"text":140938},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":138991,"description":141011},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141018,"title":141019,"body":141020,"description":142963,"extension":1791,"meta":142964,"navigation":346,"path":142965,"seo":142966,"stem":142967,"__hash__":142968},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141021,"toc":142922},[141022,141027,141032,141039,141112,141117,141122,141127,141143,141145,141215,141217,141219,141239,141241,141286,141291,141293,141391,141396,141400,141405,141409,141412,141454,141458,141461,141506,141510,141513,141563,141567,141572,141624,141626,141631,141642,141647,141727,141729,141741,141750,141757,141772,141774,141889,141895,141899,141902,141907,142049,142052,142059,142061,142065,142073,142142,142148,142197,142202,142207,142209,142229,142231,142297,142299,142303,142306,142310,142351,142353,142386,142391,142394,142421,142423,142466,142473,142478,142488,142554,142558,142566,142571,142622,142626,142629,142631,142640,142642,142692,142694,142801,142803,142808,142815,142821,142824,142855,142860,142862,142869,142877,142886,142889,142891,142919],[10,141023,122997,141025,10932],{"id":141024},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141026,127365],{},[20,141028,123002,141029,141031],{},[15,141030,127365],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141033,126063,141034,212,141036,141038],{},[15,141035,47],{},[15,141037,147],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[55,141040,141042],{"className":57,"code":141041,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141043,141044,141057,141061,141086],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,141045,141046,141048,141050,141052,141055],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,141047,34315],{"class":70},[64,141049,75],{"class":74},[64,141051,3184],{"class":320},[64,141053,141054],{"class":329},"Python Beginner Help",[64,141056,3190],{"class":320},[64,141058,141059],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,141060,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,141062,141063,141065,141067,141069,141071,141074,141076,141078,141080,141082,141084],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,141064,125],{"class":108},[64,141066,112],{"class":78},[64,141068,34336],{"class":115},[64,141070,148],{"class":78},[64,141072,141073],{"class":115},"startswith",[64,141075,112],{"class":78},[64,141077,2686],{"class":320},[64,141079,6895],{"class":329},[64,141081,2686],{"class":320},[64,141083,4954],{"class":78},[64,141085,43490],{"class":136},[64,141087,141088,141090,141092,141094,141096,141098,141100,141102,141105,141107,141109],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,141089,125],{"class":108},[64,141091,112],{"class":78},[64,141093,34336],{"class":115},[64,141095,148],{"class":78},[64,141097,141073],{"class":115},[64,141099,112],{"class":78},[64,141101,2686],{"class":320},[64,141103,141104],{"class":329},"Beginner",[64,141106,2686],{"class":320},[64,141108,4954],{"class":78},[64,141110,141111],{"class":136}," # False\n",[20,141113,1923,141114,141116],{},[15,141115,127365],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[50,141118,152,141120,155],{"id":141119},"what-startswith-does",[15,141121,127365],{},[20,141123,141124,141126],{},[15,141125,127365],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[30,141128,141129,141132,141138,141140],{},[33,141130,141131],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[33,141133,1661,141134,212,141136],{},[15,141135,47],{},[15,141137,147],{},[33,141139,123140],{},[33,141141,141142],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141144,916],{},[55,141146,141148],{"className":57,"code":141147,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141149,141150,141162,141166,141191],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,141151,141152,141154,141156,141158,141160],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,141153,7477],{"class":70},[64,141155,75],{"class":74},[64,141157,3184],{"class":320},[64,141159,6895],{"class":329},[64,141161,3190],{"class":320},[64,141163,141164],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,141165,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,141167,141168,141170,141172,141174,141176,141178,141180,141182,141185,141187,141189],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,141169,125],{"class":108},[64,141171,112],{"class":78},[64,141173,7267],{"class":115},[64,141175,148],{"class":78},[64,141177,141073],{"class":115},[64,141179,112],{"class":78},[64,141181,2686],{"class":320},[64,141183,141184],{"class":329},"Py",[64,141186,2686],{"class":320},[64,141188,4954],{"class":78},[64,141190,43490],{"class":136},[64,141192,141193,141195,141197,141199,141201,141203,141205,141207,141209,141211,141213],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,141194,125],{"class":108},[64,141196,112],{"class":78},[64,141198,7267],{"class":115},[64,141200,148],{"class":78},[64,141202,141073],{"class":115},[64,141204,112],{"class":78},[64,141206,2686],{"class":320},[64,141208,128443],{"class":329},[64,141210,2686],{"class":320},[64,141212,4954],{"class":78},[64,141214,43507],{"class":136},[50,141216,1988],{"id":1987},[20,141218,42019],{},[55,141220,141222],{"className":57,"code":141221,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141223,141224],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,141225,141226,141228,141230,141232,141234,141237],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,141227,60815],{"class":70},[64,141229,148],{"class":78},[64,141231,141073],{"class":115},[64,141233,112],{"class":78},[64,141235,141236],{"class":115},"prefix",[64,141238,119],{"class":78},[20,141240,30389],{},[55,141242,141244],{"className":57,"code":141243,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141245,141246,141264],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,141247,141248,141250,141252,141254,141256,141258,141260,141262],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,141249,60815],{"class":70},[64,141251,148],{"class":78},[64,141253,141073],{"class":115},[64,141255,112],{"class":78},[64,141257,141236],{"class":115},[64,141259,86],{"class":78},[64,141261,35681],{"class":115},[64,141263,119],{"class":78},[64,141265,141266,141268,141270,141272,141274,141276,141278,141280,141282,141284],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,141267,60815],{"class":70},[64,141269,148],{"class":78},[64,141271,141073],{"class":115},[64,141273,112],{"class":78},[64,141275,141236],{"class":115},[64,141277,86],{"class":78},[64,141279,35681],{"class":115},[64,141281,86],{"class":78},[64,141283,64682],{"class":115},[64,141285,119],{"class":78},[20,141287,20391,141288,141290],{},[15,141289,141236],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141292,916],{},[55,141294,141296],{"className":57,"code":141295,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141297,141298,141310,141314,141339,141363],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,141299,141300,141302,141304,141306,141308],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,141301,34315],{"class":70},[64,141303,75],{"class":74},[64,141305,3184],{"class":320},[64,141307,60047],{"class":329},[64,141309,3190],{"class":320},[64,141311,141312],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,141313,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,141315,141316,141318,141320,141322,141324,141326,141328,141330,141332,141334,141336],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,141317,125],{"class":108},[64,141319,112],{"class":78},[64,141321,34336],{"class":115},[64,141323,148],{"class":78},[64,141325,141073],{"class":115},[64,141327,112],{"class":78},[64,141329,2686],{"class":320},[64,141331,330],{"class":329},[64,141333,2686],{"class":320},[64,141335,4954],{"class":78},[64,141337,141338],{"class":136},"      # True\n",[64,141340,141341,141343,141345,141347,141349,141351,141353,141355,141357,141359,141361],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,141342,125],{"class":108},[64,141344,112],{"class":78},[64,141346,34336],{"class":115},[64,141348,148],{"class":78},[64,141350,141073],{"class":115},[64,141352,112],{"class":78},[64,141354,2686],{"class":320},[64,141356,60232],{"class":329},[64,141358,2686],{"class":320},[64,141360,4954],{"class":78},[64,141362,20821],{"class":136},[64,141364,141365,141367,141369,141371,141373,141375,141377,141379,141381,141383,141385,141387,141389],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,141366,125],{"class":108},[64,141368,112],{"class":78},[64,141370,34336],{"class":115},[64,141372,148],{"class":78},[64,141374,141073],{"class":115},[64,141376,112],{"class":78},[64,141378,2686],{"class":320},[64,141380,60232],{"class":329},[64,141382,2686],{"class":320},[64,141384,86],{"class":78},[64,141386,37275],{"class":82},[64,141388,4954],{"class":78},[64,141390,43490],{"class":136},[20,141392,141393,141394,148],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[285,141395,124752],{"href":50613},[50,141397,141399],{"id":141398},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141401,141402,141404],{},[15,141403,127365],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[428,141406,141407],{"id":141236},[15,141408,141236],{},[20,141410,141411],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[55,141413,141415],{"className":57,"code":141414,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141416,141417,141429],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,141418,141419,141421,141423,141425,141427],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,141420,34315],{"class":70},[64,141422,75],{"class":74},[64,141424,3184],{"class":320},[64,141426,585],{"class":329},[64,141428,3190],{"class":320},[64,141430,141431,141433,141435,141437,141439,141441,141443,141445,141448,141450,141452],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,141432,125],{"class":108},[64,141434,112],{"class":78},[64,141436,34336],{"class":115},[64,141438,148],{"class":78},[64,141440,141073],{"class":115},[64,141442,112],{"class":78},[64,141444,2686],{"class":320},[64,141446,141447],{"class":329},"ban",[64,141449,2686],{"class":320},[64,141451,4954],{"class":78},[64,141453,137],{"class":136},[428,141455,141456],{"id":35702},[15,141457,35702],{},[20,141459,141460],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[55,141462,141464],{"className":57,"code":141463,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141465,141466,141478],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,141467,141468,141470,141472,141474,141476],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,141469,34315],{"class":70},[64,141471,75],{"class":74},[64,141473,3184],{"class":320},[64,141475,60047],{"class":329},[64,141477,3190],{"class":320},[64,141479,141480,141482,141484,141486,141488,141490,141492,141494,141496,141498,141500,141502,141504],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,141481,125],{"class":108},[64,141483,112],{"class":78},[64,141485,34336],{"class":115},[64,141487,148],{"class":78},[64,141489,141073],{"class":115},[64,141491,112],{"class":78},[64,141493,2686],{"class":320},[64,141495,60232],{"class":329},[64,141497,2686],{"class":320},[64,141499,86],{"class":78},[64,141501,37275],{"class":82},[64,141503,4954],{"class":78},[64,141505,137],{"class":136},[428,141507,141508],{"id":52299},[15,141509,52299],{},[20,141511,141512],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[55,141514,141516],{"className":57,"code":141515,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141517,141518,141530],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,141519,141520,141522,141524,141526,141528],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,141521,34315],{"class":70},[64,141523,75],{"class":74},[64,141525,3184],{"class":320},[64,141527,60047],{"class":329},[64,141529,3190],{"class":320},[64,141531,141532,141534,141536,141538,141540,141542,141544,141546,141549,141551,141553,141555,141557,141559,141561],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,141533,125],{"class":108},[64,141535,112],{"class":78},[64,141537,34336],{"class":115},[64,141539,148],{"class":78},[64,141541,141073],{"class":115},[64,141543,112],{"class":78},[64,141545,2686],{"class":320},[64,141547,141548],{"class":329},"wor",[64,141550,2686],{"class":320},[64,141552,86],{"class":78},[64,141554,37275],{"class":82},[64,141556,86],{"class":78},[64,141558,53775],{"class":82},[64,141560,4954],{"class":78},[64,141562,137],{"class":136},[428,141564,141566],{"id":141565},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141568,141569,141571],{},[15,141570,141236],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[55,141573,141575],{"className":57,"code":141574,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141576,141577,141590],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,141578,141579,141581,141583,141585,141588],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,141580,126080],{"class":70},[64,141582,75],{"class":74},[64,141584,3184],{"class":320},[64,141586,141587],{"class":329},"img_001.png",[64,141589,3190],{"class":320},[64,141591,141592,141594,141596,141598,141600,141602,141604,141606,141609,141611,141613,141615,141618,141620,141622],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,141593,125],{"class":108},[64,141595,112],{"class":78},[64,141597,126098],{"class":115},[64,141599,148],{"class":78},[64,141601,141073],{"class":115},[64,141603,5104],{"class":78},[64,141605,2686],{"class":320},[64,141607,141608],{"class":329},"img_",[64,141610,2686],{"class":320},[64,141612,86],{"class":78},[64,141614,3184],{"class":320},[64,141616,141617],{"class":329},"photo_",[64,141619,2686],{"class":320},[64,141621,50729],{"class":78},[64,141623,137],{"class":136},[50,141625,17037],{"id":17036},[20,141627,141628,141630],{},[15,141629,127365],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[30,141632,141633,141638],{},[33,141634,141635,141637],{},[15,141636,47],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[33,141639,141640,126682],{},[15,141641,147],{},[20,141643,141644,141645,6770],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141646,6595],{},[55,141648,141650],{"className":57,"code":141649,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141651,141652,141666,141670,141691,141706,141712],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,141653,141654,141657,141659,141661,141664],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,141655,141656],{"class":70},"command ",[64,141658,75],{"class":74},[64,141660,3184],{"class":320},[64,141662,141663],{"class":329},"\u002Fhelp",[64,141665,3190],{"class":320},[64,141667,141668],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,141669,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,141671,141672,141674,141677,141679,141681,141683,141685,141687,141689],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,141673,6595],{"class":368},[64,141675,141676],{"class":70}," command",[64,141678,148],{"class":78},[64,141680,141073],{"class":115},[64,141682,112],{"class":78},[64,141684,2686],{"class":320},[64,141686,126889],{"class":329},[64,141688,2686],{"class":320},[64,141690,7944],{"class":78},[64,141692,141693,141695,141697,141699,141702,141704],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,141694,7670],{"class":108},[64,141696,112],{"class":78},[64,141698,2686],{"class":320},[64,141700,141701],{"class":329},"This looks like a command.",[64,141703,2686],{"class":320},[64,141705,119],{"class":78},[64,141707,141708,141710],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,141709,27057],{"class":368},[64,141711,5989],{"class":78},[64,141713,141714,141716,141718,141720,141723,141725],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,141715,7670],{"class":108},[64,141717,112],{"class":78},[64,141719,2686],{"class":320},[64,141721,141722],{"class":329},"This is normal text.",[64,141724,2686],{"class":320},[64,141726,119],{"class":78},[20,141728,384],{},[55,141730,141732],{"className":57,"code":141731,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141733,141734],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,141735,141736,141739],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,141737,141738],{"class":70},"This looks like a command",[64,141740,122029],{"class":78},[50,141742,8020,141744,8309,141746,896,141748],{"id":141743},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141745,127365],{},[15,141747,35702],{},[15,141749,52299],{},[20,141751,1808,141752,896,141754,141756],{},[15,141753,35702],{},[15,141755,52299],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[30,141758,141759,141764,141769],{},[33,141760,141761,141763],{},[15,141762,35702],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[33,141765,141766,141768],{},[15,141767,52299],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[33,141770,141771],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141773,916],{},[55,141775,141777],{"className":57,"code":141776,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141778,141779,141791,141795,141824,141857],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,141780,141781,141783,141785,141787,141789],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,141782,34315],{"class":70},[64,141784,75],{"class":74},[64,141786,3184],{"class":320},[64,141788,139276],{"class":329},[64,141790,3190],{"class":320},[64,141792,141793],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,141794,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,141796,141797,141799,141801,141803,141805,141807,141809,141811,141813,141815,141817,141819,141821],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,141798,125],{"class":108},[64,141800,112],{"class":78},[64,141802,34336],{"class":115},[64,141804,148],{"class":78},[64,141806,141073],{"class":115},[64,141808,112],{"class":78},[64,141810,2686],{"class":320},[64,141812,78913],{"class":329},[64,141814,2686],{"class":320},[64,141816,86],{"class":78},[64,141818,2286],{"class":82},[64,141820,4954],{"class":78},[64,141822,141823],{"class":136},"        # True\n",[64,141825,141826,141828,141830,141832,141834,141836,141838,141840,141842,141844,141846,141848,141850,141853,141855],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,141827,125],{"class":108},[64,141829,112],{"class":78},[64,141831,34336],{"class":115},[64,141833,148],{"class":78},[64,141835,141073],{"class":115},[64,141837,112],{"class":78},[64,141839,2686],{"class":320},[64,141841,133883],{"class":329},[64,141843,2686],{"class":320},[64,141845,86],{"class":78},[64,141847,5955],{"class":82},[64,141849,86],{"class":78},[64,141851,141852],{"class":82}," 13",[64,141854,4954],{"class":78},[64,141856,137],{"class":136},[64,141858,141859,141861,141863,141865,141867,141869,141871,141873,141875,141877,141879,141881,141883,141885,141887],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,141860,125],{"class":108},[64,141862,112],{"class":78},[64,141864,34336],{"class":115},[64,141866,148],{"class":78},[64,141868,141073],{"class":115},[64,141870,112],{"class":78},[64,141872,2686],{"class":320},[64,141874,133883],{"class":329},[64,141876,2686],{"class":320},[64,141878,86],{"class":78},[64,141880,5955],{"class":82},[64,141882,86],{"class":78},[64,141884,30568],{"class":82},[64,141886,4954],{"class":78},[64,141888,1280],{"class":136},[20,141890,141891,141892,141894],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,141893,52299],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[50,141896,141898],{"id":141897},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,141900,141901],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,141903,141904,141905,48985],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,141906,40470],{},[55,141908,141910],{"className":57,"code":141909,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,141911,141912,141926,141940,141954,141958,141982,141986,142007,142028],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,141913,141914,141917,141919,141921,141924],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,141915,141916],{"class":70},"filename1 ",[64,141918,75],{"class":74},[64,141920,3184],{"class":320},[64,141922,141923],{"class":329},"img_101.jpg",[64,141925,3190],{"class":320},[64,141927,141928,141931,141933,141935,141938],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,141929,141930],{"class":70},"filename2 ",[64,141932,75],{"class":74},[64,141934,3184],{"class":320},[64,141936,141937],{"class":329},"photo_202.jpg",[64,141939,3190],{"class":320},[64,141941,141942,141945,141947,141949,141952],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,141943,141944],{"class":70},"filename3 ",[64,141946,75],{"class":74},[64,141948,3184],{"class":320},[64,141950,141951],{"class":329},"doc_303.jpg",[64,141953,3190],{"class":320},[64,141955,141956],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,141957,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,141959,141960,141962,141964,141966,141968,141970,141972,141974,141976,141978,141980],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,141961,127292],{"class":70},[64,141963,75],{"class":74},[64,141965,8842],{"class":78},[64,141967,2686],{"class":320},[64,141969,141608],{"class":329},[64,141971,2686],{"class":320},[64,141973,86],{"class":78},[64,141975,3184],{"class":320},[64,141977,141617],{"class":329},[64,141979,2686],{"class":320},[64,141981,119],{"class":78},[64,141983,141984],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,141985,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,141987,141988,141990,141992,141995,141997,141999,142001,142003,142005],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,141989,125],{"class":108},[64,141991,112],{"class":78},[64,141993,141994],{"class":115},"filename1",[64,141996,148],{"class":78},[64,141998,141073],{"class":115},[64,142000,112],{"class":78},[64,142002,127344],{"class":115},[64,142004,4954],{"class":78},[64,142006,137],{"class":136},[64,142008,142009,142011,142013,142016,142018,142020,142022,142024,142026],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,142010,125],{"class":108},[64,142012,112],{"class":78},[64,142014,142015],{"class":115},"filename2",[64,142017,148],{"class":78},[64,142019,141073],{"class":115},[64,142021,112],{"class":78},[64,142023,127344],{"class":115},[64,142025,4954],{"class":78},[64,142027,137],{"class":136},[64,142029,142030,142032,142034,142037,142039,142041,142043,142045,142047],{"class":66,"line":6028},[64,142031,125],{"class":108},[64,142033,112],{"class":78},[64,142035,142036],{"class":115},"filename3",[64,142038,148],{"class":78},[64,142040,141073],{"class":115},[64,142042,112],{"class":78},[64,142044,127344],{"class":115},[64,142046,4954],{"class":78},[64,142048,1280],{"class":136},[20,142050,142051],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142053,74414,142054,142058],{},[285,142055,125997,142056,10349],{"href":129591},[15,142057,126055],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[50,142060,123644],{"id":123643},[20,142062,142063,123455],{},[15,142064,127365],{},[20,142066,127042,142067,896,142070,127049],{},[15,142068,142069],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142071,142072],{},"\"python\"",[55,142074,142076],{"className":57,"code":142075,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142077,142078,142090,142094,142118],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,142079,142080,142082,142084,142086,142088],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,142081,34315],{"class":70},[64,142083,75],{"class":74},[64,142085,3184],{"class":320},[64,142087,6895],{"class":329},[64,142089,3190],{"class":320},[64,142091,142092],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,142093,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,142095,142096,142098,142100,142102,142104,142106,142108,142110,142112,142114,142116],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,142097,125],{"class":108},[64,142099,112],{"class":78},[64,142101,34336],{"class":115},[64,142103,148],{"class":78},[64,142105,141073],{"class":115},[64,142107,112],{"class":78},[64,142109,2686],{"class":320},[64,142111,141184],{"class":329},[64,142113,2686],{"class":320},[64,142115,4954],{"class":78},[64,142117,137],{"class":136},[64,142119,142120,142122,142124,142126,142128,142130,142132,142134,142136,142138,142140],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,142121,125],{"class":108},[64,142123,112],{"class":78},[64,142125,34336],{"class":115},[64,142127,148],{"class":78},[64,142129,141073],{"class":115},[64,142131,112],{"class":78},[64,142133,2686],{"class":320},[64,142135,128443],{"class":329},[64,142137,2686],{"class":320},[64,142139,4954],{"class":78},[64,142141,1280],{"class":136},[20,142143,127134,142144,148],{},[285,142145,142146],{"href":123724},[15,142147,123727],{},[55,142149,142151],{"className":57,"code":142150,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142152,142153,142165,142169],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,142154,142155,142157,142159,142161,142163],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,142156,34315],{"class":70},[64,142158,75],{"class":74},[64,142160,3184],{"class":320},[64,142162,6895],{"class":329},[64,142164,3190],{"class":320},[64,142166,142167],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,142168,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,142170,142171,142173,142175,142177,142179,142181,142183,142185,142187,142189,142191,142193,142195],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,142172,125],{"class":108},[64,142174,112],{"class":78},[64,142176,34336],{"class":115},[64,142178,148],{"class":78},[64,142180,8244],{"class":115},[64,142182,8241],{"class":78},[64,142184,141073],{"class":115},[64,142186,112],{"class":78},[64,142188,2686],{"class":320},[64,142190,128443],{"class":329},[64,142192,2686],{"class":320},[64,142194,4954],{"class":78},[64,142196,137],{"class":136},[50,142198,1471,142200],{"id":142199},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142201,127365],{},[20,142203,142204,142206],{},[15,142205,127365],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142208,8980],{},[30,142210,142211,142214,142217,142226],{},[33,142212,142213],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[33,142215,142216],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[33,142218,142219,142220,212,142223],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142221,142222],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142224,142225],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[33,142227,142228],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142230,916],{},[55,142232,142234],{"className":57,"code":142233,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142235,142236,142249,142253,142282],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,142237,142238,142240,142242,142244,142247],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,142239,126860],{"class":70},[64,142241,75],{"class":74},[64,142243,3184],{"class":320},[64,142245,142246],{"class":329},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[64,142248,3190],{"class":320},[64,142250,142251],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,142252,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,142254,142255,142257,142260,142262,142264,142266,142268,142270,142272,142274,142276,142278,142280],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,142256,6595],{"class":368},[64,142258,142259],{"class":70}," url",[64,142261,148],{"class":78},[64,142263,141073],{"class":115},[64,142265,5104],{"class":78},[64,142267,2686],{"class":320},[64,142269,142222],{"class":329},[64,142271,2686],{"class":320},[64,142273,86],{"class":78},[64,142275,3184],{"class":320},[64,142277,142225],{"class":329},[64,142279,2686],{"class":320},[64,142281,69205],{"class":78},[64,142283,142284,142286,142288,142290,142293,142295],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,142285,7670],{"class":108},[64,142287,112],{"class":78},[64,142289,2686],{"class":320},[64,142291,142292],{"class":329},"This looks like a web URL.",[64,142294,2686],{"class":320},[64,142296,119],{"class":78},[50,142298,2661],{"id":2660},[20,142300,22716,142301,148],{},[15,142302,127365],{},[428,142304,138437],{"id":142305},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142307,142308,123455],{},[15,142309,127365],{},[55,142311,142313],{"className":57,"code":142312,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142314,142315,142327],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,142316,142317,142319,142321,142323,142325],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,142318,34315],{"class":70},[64,142320,75],{"class":74},[64,142322,3184],{"class":320},[64,142324,6895],{"class":329},[64,142326,3190],{"class":320},[64,142328,142329,142331,142333,142335,142337,142339,142341,142343,142345,142347,142349],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,142330,125],{"class":108},[64,142332,112],{"class":78},[64,142334,34336],{"class":115},[64,142336,148],{"class":78},[64,142338,141073],{"class":115},[64,142340,112],{"class":78},[64,142342,2686],{"class":320},[64,142344,59],{"class":329},[64,142346,2686],{"class":320},[64,142348,4954],{"class":78},[64,142350,1280],{"class":136},[20,142352,38894],{},[55,142354,142356],{"className":57,"code":142355,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142357,142358],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,142359,142360,142362,142364,142366,142368,142370,142372,142374,142376,142378,142380,142382,142384],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,142361,125],{"class":108},[64,142363,112],{"class":78},[64,142365,34336],{"class":115},[64,142367,148],{"class":78},[64,142369,8244],{"class":115},[64,142371,8241],{"class":78},[64,142373,141073],{"class":115},[64,142375,112],{"class":78},[64,142377,2686],{"class":320},[64,142379,59],{"class":329},[64,142381,2686],{"class":320},[64,142383,4954],{"class":78},[64,142385,137],{"class":136},[428,142387,29274,142389,136919],{"id":142388},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142390,127365],{},[20,142392,142393],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[55,142395,142397],{"className":57,"code":142396,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142398,142399,142407,142411,142416],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,142400,142401,142403,142405],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,142402,2276],{"class":70},[64,142404,75],{"class":74},[64,142406,124679],{"class":82},[64,142408,142409],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,142410,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,142412,142413],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,142414,142415],{"class":136},"# This will cause an error:\n",[64,142417,142418],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,142419,142420],{"class":136},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142422,38894],{},[55,142424,142426],{"className":57,"code":142425,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142427,142428,142442],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,142429,142430,142432,142434,142436,142438,142440],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,142431,2276],{"class":70},[64,142433,75],{"class":74},[64,142435,48541],{"class":357},[64,142437,112],{"class":78},[64,142439,49883],{"class":82},[64,142441,119],{"class":78},[64,142443,142444,142446,142448,142450,142452,142454,142456,142458,142460,142462,142464],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,142445,125],{"class":108},[64,142447,112],{"class":78},[64,142449,2302],{"class":115},[64,142451,148],{"class":78},[64,142453,141073],{"class":115},[64,142455,112],{"class":78},[64,142457,2686],{"class":320},[64,142459,83],{"class":329},[64,142461,2686],{"class":320},[64,142463,4954],{"class":78},[64,142465,137],{"class":136},[428,142467,36835,142469,8309,142471],{"id":142468},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142470,127365],{},[15,142472,375],{},[20,142474,142475,142477],{},[15,142476,127365],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142479,142480,142481,142483,142484,148],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142482,375],{}," or methods like ",[285,142485,142486],{"href":124007},[15,142487,123992],{},[55,142489,142491],{"className":57,"code":142490,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142492,142493,142505,142509,142533],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,142494,142495,142497,142499,142501,142503],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,142496,34315],{"class":70},[64,142498,75],{"class":74},[64,142500,3184],{"class":320},[64,142502,60047],{"class":329},[64,142504,3190],{"class":320},[64,142506,142507],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,142508,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,142510,142511,142513,142515,142517,142519,142521,142523,142525,142527,142529,142531],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,142512,125],{"class":108},[64,142514,112],{"class":78},[64,142516,34336],{"class":115},[64,142518,148],{"class":78},[64,142520,141073],{"class":115},[64,142522,112],{"class":78},[64,142524,2686],{"class":320},[64,142526,60232],{"class":329},[64,142528,2686],{"class":320},[64,142530,4954],{"class":78},[64,142532,1280],{"class":136},[64,142534,142535,142537,142539,142541,142543,142545,142547,142549,142551],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,142536,125],{"class":108},[64,142538,112],{"class":78},[64,142540,2686],{"class":320},[64,142542,60232],{"class":329},[64,142544,2686],{"class":320},[64,142546,20794],{"class":368},[64,142548,42476],{"class":115},[64,142550,133],{"class":78},[64,142552,142553],{"class":136},"           # True\n",[20,142555,135471,142556,148],{},[285,142557,127033],{"href":123252},[428,142559,1212,142561,896,142563,142565],{"id":142560},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142562,35702],{},[15,142564,52299],{}," use index positions",[20,142567,142568,142569,148],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142570,243],{},[55,142572,142574],{"className":57,"code":142573,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142575,142576,142589,142593],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,142577,142578,142580,142582,142584,142587],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,142579,34315],{"class":70},[64,142581,75],{"class":74},[64,142583,3184],{"class":320},[64,142585,142586],{"class":329},"abcdef",[64,142588,3190],{"class":320},[64,142590,142591],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,142592,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,142594,142595,142597,142599,142601,142603,142605,142607,142609,142612,142614,142616,142618,142620],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,142596,125],{"class":108},[64,142598,112],{"class":78},[64,142600,34336],{"class":115},[64,142602,148],{"class":78},[64,142604,141073],{"class":115},[64,142606,112],{"class":78},[64,142608,2686],{"class":320},[64,142610,142611],{"class":329},"cd",[64,142613,2686],{"class":320},[64,142615,86],{"class":78},[64,142617,89],{"class":82},[64,142619,4954],{"class":78},[64,142621,137],{"class":136},[428,142623,142625],{"id":142624},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142627,142628],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142630,16261],{},[55,142632,142634],{"className":57,"code":142633,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142635,142636],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,142637,142638],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,142639,142633],{"class":136},[20,142641,16273],{},[55,142643,142645],{"className":57,"code":142644,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142646,142647,142659],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,142648,142649,142651,142653,142655,142657],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,142650,34315],{"class":70},[64,142652,75],{"class":74},[64,142654,3184],{"class":320},[64,142656,6895],{"class":329},[64,142658,3190],{"class":320},[64,142660,142661,142663,142665,142667,142669,142671,142673,142675,142677,142679,142681,142683,142686,142688,142690],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,142662,125],{"class":108},[64,142664,112],{"class":78},[64,142666,34336],{"class":115},[64,142668,148],{"class":78},[64,142670,141073],{"class":115},[64,142672,5104],{"class":78},[64,142674,2686],{"class":320},[64,142676,141184],{"class":329},[64,142678,2686],{"class":320},[64,142680,86],{"class":78},[64,142682,3184],{"class":320},[64,142684,142685],{"class":329},"Ja",[64,142687,2686],{"class":320},[64,142689,50729],{"class":78},[64,142691,137],{"class":136},[20,142693,31708],{},[55,142695,142697],{"className":57,"code":142696,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142698,142699,142709,142723,142745,142771],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,142700,142701,142703,142705,142707],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,142702,125],{"class":108},[64,142704,112],{"class":78},[64,142706,34336],{"class":115},[64,142708,119],{"class":78},[64,142710,142711,142713,142715,142717,142719,142721],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,142712,125],{"class":108},[64,142714,112],{"class":78},[64,142716,3052],{"class":357},[64,142718,112],{"class":78},[64,142720,34336],{"class":115},[64,142722,471],{"class":78},[64,142724,142725,142727,142729,142731,142733,142735,142737,142739,142741,142743],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,142726,125],{"class":108},[64,142728,112],{"class":78},[64,142730,34336],{"class":115},[64,142732,148],{"class":78},[64,142734,141073],{"class":115},[64,142736,112],{"class":78},[64,142738,2686],{"class":320},[64,142740,141184],{"class":329},[64,142742,2686],{"class":320},[64,142744,471],{"class":78},[64,142746,142747,142749,142751,142753,142755,142757,142759,142761,142763,142765,142767,142769],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,142748,125],{"class":108},[64,142750,112],{"class":78},[64,142752,34336],{"class":115},[64,142754,148],{"class":78},[64,142756,8244],{"class":115},[64,142758,8241],{"class":78},[64,142760,141073],{"class":115},[64,142762,112],{"class":78},[64,142764,2686],{"class":320},[64,142766,128443],{"class":329},[64,142768,2686],{"class":320},[64,142770,471],{"class":78},[64,142772,142773,142775,142777,142779,142781,142783,142785,142787,142789,142791,142793,142795,142797,142799],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,142774,125],{"class":108},[64,142776,112],{"class":78},[64,142778,34336],{"class":115},[64,142780,148],{"class":78},[64,142782,141073],{"class":115},[64,142784,5104],{"class":78},[64,142786,2686],{"class":320},[64,142788,141184],{"class":329},[64,142790,2686],{"class":320},[64,142792,86],{"class":78},[64,142794,3184],{"class":320},[64,142796,142685],{"class":329},[64,142798,2686],{"class":320},[64,142800,2744],{"class":78},[50,142802,1651],{"id":1650},[428,142804,12317,142806,127843],{"id":142805},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142807,127365],{},[20,142809,142810,142811,212,142813,148],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142812,47],{},[15,142814,147],{},[428,142816,1684,142818,142820],{"id":142817},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142819,127365],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142822,142823],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[55,142825,142827],{"className":57,"code":142826,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142828,142829],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,142830,142831,142833,142835,142837,142839,142841,142843,142845,142847,142849,142851,142853],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,142832,34336],{"class":70},[64,142834,148],{"class":78},[64,142836,141073],{"class":115},[64,142838,5104],{"class":78},[64,142840,2686],{"class":320},[64,142842,285],{"class":329},[64,142844,2686],{"class":320},[64,142846,86],{"class":78},[64,142848,3184],{"class":320},[64,142850,1269],{"class":329},[64,142852,2686],{"class":320},[64,142854,471],{"class":78},[428,142856,14519,142858,124333],{"id":142857},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142859,127365],{},[20,142861,129526],{},[428,142863,1694,142865,896,142867,1677],{"id":142864},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142866,127365],{},[15,142868,375],{},[20,142870,142871,142873,142874,142876],{},[15,142872,127365],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142875,375],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[428,142878,27952,142880,896,142882,8309,142884,1677],{"id":142879},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,142881,35702],{},[15,142883,52299],{},[15,142885,127365],{},[20,142887,142888],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[50,142890,1717],{"id":1716},[30,142892,142893,142899,142905,142911,142915],{},[33,142894,142895],{},[285,142896,125997,142897,10349],{"href":129591},[15,142898,126055],{},[33,142900,142901],{},[285,142902,125997,142903,10349],{"href":124007},[15,142904,123992],{},[33,142906,142907],{},[285,142908,125997,142909,10349],{"href":123724},[15,142910,123727],{},[33,142912,142913],{},[285,142914,124396],{"href":123252},[33,142916,142917],{},[285,142918,124752],{"href":50613},[1751,142920,142921],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":142923},[142924,142926,142927,142933,142934,142936,142937,142938,142940,142950,142962],{"id":141119,"depth":100,"text":142925},"What startswith() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":141398,"depth":100,"text":141399,"children":142928},[142929,142930,142931,142932],{"id":141236,"depth":122,"text":141236},{"id":35702,"depth":122,"text":35702},{"id":52299,"depth":122,"text":52299},{"id":141565,"depth":122,"text":141566},{"id":17036,"depth":100,"text":17037},{"id":141743,"depth":100,"text":142935},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141897,"depth":100,"text":141898},{"id":123643,"depth":100,"text":123644},{"id":142199,"depth":100,"text":142939},"When to use startswith()",{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661,"children":142941},[142942,142943,142945,142947,142949],{"id":142305,"depth":122,"text":138437},{"id":142388,"depth":122,"text":142944},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142468,"depth":122,"text":142946},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142560,"depth":122,"text":142948},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142624,"depth":122,"text":142625},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":142951},[142952,142954,142956,142958,142960],{"id":142805,"depth":122,"text":142953},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142817,"depth":122,"text":142955},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142857,"depth":122,"text":142957},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142864,"depth":122,"text":142959},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142879,"depth":122,"text":142961},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141019,"description":142963},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":142970,"title":142971,"body":142972,"description":144426,"extension":1791,"meta":144427,"navigation":346,"path":144428,"seo":144429,"stem":144430,"__hash__":144431},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":142973,"toc":144396},[142974,142979,142984,142987,142989,143033,143035,143043,143048,143053,143058,143060,143078,143080,143126,143128,143142,143151,143155,143157,143159,143171,143176,143179,143211,143213,143222,143227,143230,143271,143273,143281,143283,143296,143302,143306,143309,143325,143327,143376,143378,143387,143390,143449,143451,143460,143467,143470,143523,143525,143549,143556,143562,143566,143572,143575,143586,143588,143628,143630,143638,143640,143680,143682,143691,143693,143711,143714,143721,143732,143735,143752,143754,143831,143833,143864,143867,143869,143872,143898,143900,143940,143942,143951,143961,143969,143977,143982,143987,143989,144003,144005,144056,144058,144067,144077,144079,144081,144103,144106,144185,144187,144223,144226,144301,144306,144308,144314,144319,144324,144327,144333,144336,144343,144351,144355,144363,144365,144393],[10,142975,122997,142977,10932],{"id":142976},"python-string-strip-method",[15,142978,41287],{},[20,142980,31943,142981,142983],{},[15,142982,41287],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,142985,142986],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[50,142988,53],{"id":52},[55,142990,142992],{"className":57,"code":142991,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,142993,142994,143007,143022],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,142995,142996,142998,143000,143002,143005],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,142997,34315],{"class":70},[64,142999,75],{"class":74},[64,143001,3184],{"class":320},[64,143003,143004],{"class":329},"  hello  ",[64,143006,3190],{"class":320},[64,143008,143009,143012,143014,143016,143018,143020],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,143010,143011],{"class":70},"clean_text ",[64,143013,75],{"class":74},[64,143015,42476],{"class":70},[64,143017,148],{"class":78},[64,143019,8238],{"class":115},[64,143021,8247],{"class":78},[64,143023,143024,143026,143028,143031],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,143025,125],{"class":108},[64,143027,112],{"class":78},[64,143029,143030],{"class":115},"clean_text",[64,143032,119],{"class":78},[20,143034,384],{},[55,143036,143037],{"className":57,"code":138312,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,143038,143039],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,143040,143041],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143042,138312],{"class":70},[20,143044,1923,143045,143047],{},[15,143046,41287],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[50,143049,152,143051,155],{"id":143050},"what-strip-does",[15,143052,41287],{},[20,143054,143055,143057],{},[15,143056,41287],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143059,12666],{},[30,143061,143062,143066,143069,143072,143075],{},[33,143063,143064,131347],{},[15,143065,41287],{},[33,143067,143068],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[33,143070,143071],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[33,143073,143074],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[33,143076,143077],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143079,916],{},[55,143081,143083],{"className":57,"code":143082,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143084,143085,143098,143102,143116],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,143086,143087,143089,143091,143093,143096],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143088,34315],{"class":70},[64,143090,75],{"class":74},[64,143092,3184],{"class":320},[64,143094,143095],{"class":329},"  hello world  ",[64,143097,3190],{"class":320},[64,143099,143100],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,143101,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,143103,143104,143106,143108,143110,143112,143114],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,143105,125],{"class":108},[64,143107,112],{"class":78},[64,143109,34336],{"class":115},[64,143111,148],{"class":78},[64,143113,8238],{"class":115},[64,143115,6792],{"class":78},[64,143117,143118,143120,143122,143124],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,143119,125],{"class":108},[64,143121,112],{"class":78},[64,143123,34336],{"class":115},[64,143125,119],{"class":78},[20,143127,384],{},[55,143129,143131],{"className":57,"code":143130,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143132,143133,143137],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,143134,143135],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143136,134013],{"class":70},[64,143138,143139],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,143140,143141],{"class":70},"  hello world\n",[20,143143,143144,143145,143147,143148,143150],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143146,41287],{},", but the original ",[15,143149,34336],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143152,124749,143153,148],{},[285,143154,124752],{"href":50613},[50,143156,1988],{"id":1987},[20,143158,26110],{},[30,143160,143161,143166],{},[33,143162,143163],{},[15,143164,143165],{},"string.strip()",[33,143167,143168],{},[15,143169,143170],{},"string.strip(chars)",[428,143172,143174],{"id":143173},"stringstrip",[15,143175,143165],{},[20,143177,143178],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[55,143180,143182],{"className":57,"code":143181,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143183,143184,143197],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,143185,143186,143188,143190,143192,143195],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143187,7477],{"class":70},[64,143189,75],{"class":74},[64,143191,3184],{"class":320},[64,143193,143194],{"class":329},"  Alice  ",[64,143196,3190],{"class":320},[64,143198,143199,143201,143203,143205,143207,143209],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,143200,125],{"class":108},[64,143202,112],{"class":78},[64,143204,7267],{"class":115},[64,143206,148],{"class":78},[64,143208,8238],{"class":115},[64,143210,6792],{"class":78},[20,143212,384],{},[55,143214,143216],{"className":57,"code":143215,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Alice\n",[15,143217,143218],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,143219,143220],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143221,143215],{"class":70},[428,143223,143225],{"id":143224},"stringstripchars",[15,143226,143170],{},[20,143228,143229],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[55,143231,143233],{"className":57,"code":143232,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143234,143235,143248],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,143236,143237,143239,143241,143243,143246],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143238,34315],{"class":70},[64,143240,75],{"class":74},[64,143242,3184],{"class":320},[64,143244,143245],{"class":329},"!!hello??",[64,143247,3190],{"class":320},[64,143249,143250,143252,143254,143256,143258,143260,143262,143264,143267,143269],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,143251,125],{"class":108},[64,143253,112],{"class":78},[64,143255,34336],{"class":115},[64,143257,148],{"class":78},[64,143259,8238],{"class":115},[64,143261,112],{"class":78},[64,143263,2686],{"class":320},[64,143265,143266],{"class":329},"!?",[64,143268,2686],{"class":320},[64,143270,471],{"class":78},[20,143272,384],{},[55,143274,143275],{"className":57,"code":138312,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,143276,143277],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,143278,143279],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143280,138312],{"class":70},[20,143282,83463],{},[30,143284,143285,143290],{},[33,143286,143287,143289],{},[15,143288,134256],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[33,143291,143292,143293,143295],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143294,134256],{}," does not matter",[50,143297,143299,143300],{"id":143298},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143301,41287],{},[20,143303,30510,143304,148],{},[15,143305,41287],{},[20,143307,143308],{},"It is useful for:",[30,143310,143311,143316,143319,143322],{},[33,143312,143313,143314,378],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143315,2790],{},[33,143317,143318],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[33,143320,143321],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[33,143323,143324],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143326,47998],{},[55,143328,143330],{"className":57,"code":143329,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143331,143332,143345,143361,143365],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,143333,143334,143336,143338,143340,143343],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143335,7562],{"class":70},[64,143337,75],{"class":74},[64,143339,3184],{"class":320},[64,143341,143342],{"class":329},"  sam  ",[64,143344,3190],{"class":320},[64,143346,143347,143350,143352,143355,143357,143359],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,143348,143349],{"class":70},"clean_username ",[64,143351,75],{"class":74},[64,143353,143354],{"class":70}," username",[64,143356,148],{"class":78},[64,143358,8238],{"class":115},[64,143360,8247],{"class":78},[64,143362,143363],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,143364,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,143366,143367,143369,143371,143374],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,143368,125],{"class":108},[64,143370,112],{"class":78},[64,143372,143373],{"class":115},"clean_username",[64,143375,119],{"class":78},[20,143377,384],{},[55,143379,143381],{"className":57,"code":143380,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"sam\n",[15,143382,143383],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,143384,143385],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143386,143380],{"class":70},[20,143388,143389],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[55,143391,143393],{"className":57,"code":143392,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143394,143395,143408,143412,143434],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,143396,143397,143399,143401,143403,143406],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143398,136240],{"class":70},[64,143400,75],{"class":74},[64,143402,3184],{"class":320},[64,143404,143405],{"class":329}," yes  ",[64,143407,3190],{"class":320},[64,143409,143410],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,143411,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,143413,143414,143416,143418,143420,143422,143424,143426,143428,143430,143432],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,143415,6595],{"class":368},[64,143417,136260],{"class":70},[64,143419,148],{"class":78},[64,143421,8238],{"class":115},[64,143423,6964],{"class":78},[64,143425,6004],{"class":74},[64,143427,3184],{"class":320},[64,143429,8262],{"class":329},[64,143431,2686],{"class":320},[64,143433,5989],{"class":78},[64,143435,143436,143438,143440,143442,143445,143447],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,143437,7670],{"class":108},[64,143439,112],{"class":78},[64,143441,2686],{"class":320},[64,143443,143444],{"class":329},"Matched",[64,143446,2686],{"class":320},[64,143448,119],{"class":78},[20,143450,384],{},[55,143452,143454],{"className":57,"code":143453,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Matched\n",[15,143455,143456],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,143457,143458],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143459,143453],{"class":70},[20,143461,143462,143463,148],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[285,143464,143466],{"href":143465},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143468,143469],{},"Example with file-style text:",[55,143471,143473],{"className":57,"code":143472,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143474,143475,143491,143505],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,143476,143477,143480,143482,143484,143487,143489],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143478,143479],{"class":70},"line ",[64,143481,75],{"class":74},[64,143483,3184],{"class":320},[64,143485,143486],{"class":329},"Python basics",[64,143488,86795],{"class":34080},[64,143490,3190],{"class":320},[64,143492,143493,143495,143497,143499,143501,143503],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,143494,125],{"class":108},[64,143496,112],{"class":78},[64,143498,41413],{"class":108},[64,143500,112],{"class":78},[64,143502,66],{"class":115},[64,143504,471],{"class":78},[64,143506,143507,143509,143511,143513,143515,143517,143519,143521],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,143508,125],{"class":108},[64,143510,112],{"class":78},[64,143512,41413],{"class":108},[64,143514,112],{"class":78},[64,143516,66],{"class":115},[64,143518,148],{"class":78},[64,143520,8238],{"class":115},[64,143522,5885],{"class":78},[20,143524,384],{},[55,143526,143528],{"className":57,"code":143527,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143529,143530,143541],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,143531,143532,143534,143536,143539],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143533,333],{"class":42963},[64,143535,143486],{"class":42967},[64,143537,86795],{"class":143538},"sfi6f",[64,143540,29324],{"class":42963},[64,143542,143543,143545,143547],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,143544,333],{"class":42963},[64,143546,143486],{"class":42967},[64,143548,29324],{"class":42963},[20,143550,8020,143551,143553,143554,148],{},[15,143552,122211],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143555,86795],{},[20,143557,143558,143559,148],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[285,143560,143561],{"href":87448},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[50,143563,143565],{"id":143564},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143567,143568,143569,148],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143570,143571],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143573,143574],{},"Python will:",[30,143576,143577,143580,143583],{},[33,143578,143579],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[33,143581,143582],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[33,143584,143585],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143587,916],{},[55,143589,143591],{"className":57,"code":143590,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143592,143593,143606],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,143594,143595,143597,143599,143601,143604],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143596,34315],{"class":70},[64,143598,75],{"class":74},[64,143600,3184],{"class":320},[64,143602,143603],{"class":329},"??hello!!",[64,143605,3190],{"class":320},[64,143607,143608,143610,143612,143614,143616,143618,143620,143622,143624,143626],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,143609,125],{"class":108},[64,143611,112],{"class":78},[64,143613,34336],{"class":115},[64,143615,148],{"class":78},[64,143617,8238],{"class":115},[64,143619,112],{"class":78},[64,143621,2686],{"class":320},[64,143623,143266],{"class":329},[64,143625,2686],{"class":320},[64,143627,471],{"class":78},[20,143629,384],{},[55,143631,143632],{"className":57,"code":138312,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,143633,143634],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,143635,143636],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143637,138312],{"class":70},[20,143639,51718],{},[55,143641,143643],{"className":57,"code":143642,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143644,143645,143658],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,143646,143647,143649,143651,143653,143656],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143648,34315],{"class":70},[64,143650,75],{"class":74},[64,143652,3184],{"class":320},[64,143654,143655],{"class":329},"abcHelloCba",[64,143657,3190],{"class":320},[64,143659,143660,143662,143664,143666,143668,143670,143672,143674,143676,143678],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,143661,125],{"class":108},[64,143663,112],{"class":78},[64,143665,34336],{"class":115},[64,143667,148],{"class":78},[64,143669,8238],{"class":115},[64,143671,112],{"class":78},[64,143673,2686],{"class":320},[64,143675,41194],{"class":329},[64,143677,2686],{"class":320},[64,143679,471],{"class":78},[20,143681,384],{},[55,143683,143685],{"className":57,"code":143684,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"HelloC\n",[15,143686,143687],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,143688,143689],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143690,143684],{"class":70},[20,143692,5830],{},[20,143694,143695,13669,143698,143700,143701,143703,143704,2020,143706,2024,143708,143710],{},[15,143696,143697],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[221,143699,1138],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143702,41194],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143705,285],{},[15,143707,1269],{},[15,143709,9346],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143712,143713],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143715,143716,143717,6228],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[285,143718,143719],{"href":129578},[15,143720,124168],{},[50,143722,143724,10193,143726,10193,143729],{"id":143723},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143725,41287],{},[15,143727,143728],{},"lstrip()",[15,143730,143731],{},"rstrip()",[20,143733,143734],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[30,143736,143737,143742,143747],{},[33,143738,143739,143741],{},[15,143740,41287],{}," removes from both ends",[33,143743,143744,143746],{},[15,143745,143728],{}," removes from the left side only",[33,143748,143749,143751],{},[15,143750,143731],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143753,916],{},[55,143755,143757],{"className":57,"code":143756,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143758,143759,143771,143775,143793,143812],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,143760,143761,143763,143765,143767,143769],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143762,34315],{"class":70},[64,143764,75],{"class":74},[64,143766,3184],{"class":320},[64,143768,143004],{"class":329},[64,143770,3190],{"class":320},[64,143772,143773],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,143774,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,143776,143777,143779,143781,143783,143785,143787,143789,143791],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,143778,125],{"class":108},[64,143780,112],{"class":78},[64,143782,41413],{"class":108},[64,143784,112],{"class":78},[64,143786,34336],{"class":115},[64,143788,148],{"class":78},[64,143790,8238],{"class":115},[64,143792,5885],{"class":78},[64,143794,143795,143797,143799,143801,143803,143805,143807,143810],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,143796,125],{"class":108},[64,143798,112],{"class":78},[64,143800,41413],{"class":108},[64,143802,112],{"class":78},[64,143804,34336],{"class":115},[64,143806,148],{"class":78},[64,143808,143809],{"class":115},"lstrip",[64,143811,5885],{"class":78},[64,143813,143814,143816,143818,143820,143822,143824,143826,143829],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,143815,125],{"class":108},[64,143817,112],{"class":78},[64,143819,41413],{"class":108},[64,143821,112],{"class":78},[64,143823,34336],{"class":115},[64,143825,148],{"class":78},[64,143827,143828],{"class":115},"rstrip",[64,143830,5885],{"class":78},[20,143832,384],{},[55,143834,143836],{"className":57,"code":143835,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,143837,143838,143846,143855],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,143839,143840,143842,143844],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143841,333],{"class":42963},[64,143843,330],{"class":42967},[64,143845,29324],{"class":42963},[64,143847,143848,143850,143853],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,143849,333],{"class":42963},[64,143851,143852],{"class":42967},"hello  ",[64,143854,29324],{"class":42963},[64,143856,143857,143859,143862],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,143858,333],{"class":42963},[64,143860,143861],{"class":42967},"  hello",[64,143863,29324],{"class":42963},[20,143865,143866],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[50,143868,108005],{"id":108004},[20,143870,143871],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[30,143873,143874,143882,143892,143895],{},[33,143875,143876,143878,143879,143881],{},[15,143877,143697],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,143880,41163],{}," once",[33,143883,143884,143885,2020,143887,2024,143889,143891],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,143886,285],{},[15,143888,1269],{},[15,143890,9346],{}," from both ends",[33,143893,143894],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[33,143896,143897],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,143899,916],{},[55,143901,143903],{"className":57,"code":143902,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,143904,143905,143918],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,143906,143907,143909,143911,143913,143916],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143908,126080],{"class":70},[64,143910,75],{"class":74},[64,143912,3184],{"class":320},[64,143914,143915],{"class":329},"txt_report.txt",[64,143917,3190],{"class":320},[64,143919,143920,143922,143924,143926,143928,143930,143932,143934,143936,143938],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,143921,125],{"class":108},[64,143923,112],{"class":78},[64,143925,126098],{"class":115},[64,143927,148],{"class":78},[64,143929,8238],{"class":115},[64,143931,112],{"class":78},[64,143933,2686],{"class":320},[64,143935,126133],{"class":329},[64,143937,2686],{"class":320},[64,143939,471],{"class":78},[20,143941,384],{},[55,143943,143945],{"className":57,"code":143944,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"_report\n",[15,143946,143947],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,143948,143949],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,143950,143944],{"class":70},[20,143952,143953,143954,2020,143956,2024,143958,143960],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,143955,148],{},[15,143957,62928],{},[15,143959,363],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,143962,53292,143963,1292,143966,143968],{},[15,143964,143965],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[221,143967,1138],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,143970,143971,143972,143976],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[285,143973,143974],{"href":129578},[15,143975,124168],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[50,143978,1471,143980],{"id":143979},"when-to-use-strip",[15,143981,41287],{},[20,143983,1923,143984,143986],{},[15,143985,41287],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,143988,36056],{},[30,143990,143991,143995,143997,144000],{},[33,143992,143313,143993,378],{},[15,143994,2790],{},[33,143996,143318],{},[33,143998,143999],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[33,144001,144002],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144004,916],{},[55,144006,144008],{"className":57,"code":144007,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144009,144010,144024,144028,144041],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,144011,144012,144015,144017,144019,144022],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144013,144014],{"class":70},"email ",[64,144016,75],{"class":74},[64,144018,3184],{"class":320},[64,144020,144021],{"class":329},"  user@example.com  ",[64,144023,3190],{"class":320},[64,144025,144026],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,144027,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,144029,144030,144032,144035,144037,144039],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,144031,6595],{"class":368},[64,144033,144034],{"class":70}," email",[64,144036,148],{"class":78},[64,144038,8238],{"class":115},[64,144040,21216],{"class":78},[64,144042,144043,144045,144047,144049,144052,144054],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,144044,7670],{"class":108},[64,144046,112],{"class":78},[64,144048,2686],{"class":320},[64,144050,144051],{"class":329},"Email was entered",[64,144053,2686],{"class":320},[64,144055,119],{"class":78},[20,144057,384],{},[55,144059,144061],{"className":57,"code":144060,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Email was entered\n",[15,144062,144063],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,144064,144065],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144066,144060],{"class":70},[20,144068,144069,144070,144072,144073,148],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144071,41287],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[285,144074,144075],{"href":123724},[15,144076,123727],{},[50,144078,2661],{"id":2660},[20,144080,83882],{},[30,144082,144083,144087,144092,144097],{},[33,144084,8056,144085,131217],{},[15,144086,41287],{},[33,144088,8056,144089,144091],{},[15,144090,41287],{}," to remove text from the middle",[33,144093,8020,144094,144096],{},[15,144095,143965],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[33,144098,1212,144099,144102],{},[15,144100,144101],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144104,144105],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[55,144107,144109],{"className":57,"code":144108,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144110,144111,144125,144129,144139,144153,144167],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,144112,144113,144115,144117,144119,144121,144123],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144114,34315],{"class":70},[64,144116,75],{"class":74},[64,144118,3184],{"class":320},[64,144120,143861],{"class":329},[64,144122,86795],{"class":34080},[64,144124,3190],{"class":320},[64,144126,144127],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,144128,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,144130,144131,144133,144135,144137],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,144132,125],{"class":108},[64,144134,112],{"class":78},[64,144136,34336],{"class":115},[64,144138,119],{"class":78},[64,144140,144141,144143,144145,144147,144149,144151],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,144142,125],{"class":108},[64,144144,112],{"class":78},[64,144146,41413],{"class":108},[64,144148,112],{"class":78},[64,144150,34336],{"class":115},[64,144152,471],{"class":78},[64,144154,144155,144157,144159,144161,144163,144165],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,144156,125],{"class":108},[64,144158,112],{"class":78},[64,144160,34336],{"class":115},[64,144162,148],{"class":78},[64,144164,8238],{"class":115},[64,144166,6792],{"class":78},[64,144168,144169,144171,144173,144175,144177,144179,144181,144183],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,144170,125],{"class":108},[64,144172,112],{"class":78},[64,144174,41413],{"class":108},[64,144176,112],{"class":78},[64,144178,34336],{"class":115},[64,144180,148],{"class":78},[64,144182,8238],{"class":115},[64,144184,5885],{"class":78},[20,144186,384],{},[55,144188,144190],{"className":57,"code":144189,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144191,144192,144197,144201,144211,144215],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,144193,144194],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144195,144196],{"class":70},"  hello\n",[64,144198,144199],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,144200,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,144202,144203,144205,144207,144209],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,144204,333],{"class":42963},[64,144206,143861],{"class":42967},[64,144208,86795],{"class":143538},[64,144210,29324],{"class":42963},[64,144212,144213],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,144214,138312],{"class":70},[64,144216,144217,144219,144221],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,144218,333],{"class":42963},[64,144220,330],{"class":42967},[64,144222,29324],{"class":42963},[20,144224,144225],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[55,144227,144229],{"className":57,"code":144228,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144230,144231,144241,144255,144269,144287],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,144232,144233,144235,144237,144239],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144234,125],{"class":108},[64,144236,112],{"class":78},[64,144238,34336],{"class":115},[64,144240,119],{"class":78},[64,144242,144243,144245,144247,144249,144251,144253],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,144244,125],{"class":108},[64,144246,112],{"class":78},[64,144248,41413],{"class":108},[64,144250,112],{"class":78},[64,144252,34336],{"class":115},[64,144254,471],{"class":78},[64,144256,144257,144259,144261,144263,144265,144267],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,144258,125],{"class":108},[64,144260,112],{"class":78},[64,144262,34336],{"class":115},[64,144264,148],{"class":78},[64,144266,8238],{"class":115},[64,144268,6792],{"class":78},[64,144270,144271,144273,144275,144277,144279,144281,144283,144285],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,144272,125],{"class":108},[64,144274,112],{"class":78},[64,144276,41413],{"class":108},[64,144278,112],{"class":78},[64,144280,34336],{"class":115},[64,144282,148],{"class":78},[64,144284,8238],{"class":115},[64,144286,5885],{"class":78},[64,144288,144289,144291,144293,144295,144297,144299],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,144290,31778],{"class":108},[64,144292,112],{"class":78},[64,144294,3276],{"class":357},[64,144296,148],{"class":78},[64,144298,8238],{"class":24372},[64,144300,119],{"class":78},[20,144302,144303,144305],{},[15,144304,122211],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[50,144307,1651],{"id":1650},[428,144309,12317,144311,144313],{"id":144310},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144312,41287],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144315,46001,144316,144318],{},[15,144317,41287],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[428,144320,12317,144322,124324],{"id":144321},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144323,41287],{},[20,144325,144326],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[428,144328,1655,144330,144332],{"id":144329},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144331,41287],{}," remove by default?",[20,144334,144335],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[428,144337,33832,144339,33835,144341,1677],{"id":144338},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144340,41287],{},[15,144342,124168],{},[20,144344,144345,144347,144348,144350],{},[15,144346,41287],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144349,124168],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[428,144352,144354],{"id":144353},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144356,127870,144357,144359,144360,144362],{},[15,144358,143728],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144361,143731],{}," for the right side.",[50,144364,1717],{"id":1716},[30,144366,144367,144373,144379,144384,144389],{},[33,144368,144369],{},[285,144370,125997,144371,10349],{"href":123724},[15,144372,123727],{},[33,144374,144375],{},[285,144376,125997,144377,10349],{"href":129578},[15,144378,124168],{},[33,144380,144381],{},[285,144382,144383],{"href":143465},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[33,144385,144386],{},[285,144387,144388],{"href":87448},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[33,144390,144391],{},[285,144392,124752],{"href":50613},[1751,144394,144395],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":144397},[144398,144399,144401,144405,144407,144408,144410,144411,144413,144414,144425],{"id":52,"depth":100,"text":53},{"id":143050,"depth":100,"text":144400},"What strip() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988,"children":144402},[144403,144404],{"id":143173,"depth":122,"text":143165},{"id":143224,"depth":122,"text":143170},{"id":143298,"depth":100,"text":144406},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143564,"depth":100,"text":143565},{"id":143723,"depth":100,"text":144409},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108004,"depth":100,"text":108005},{"id":143979,"depth":100,"text":144412},"When to use strip()",{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":144415},[144416,144418,144420,144422,144424],{"id":144310,"depth":122,"text":144417},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144321,"depth":122,"text":144419},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144329,"depth":122,"text":144421},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144338,"depth":122,"text":144423},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144353,"depth":122,"text":144354},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":142971,"description":144426},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144433,"title":144434,"body":144435,"description":145615,"extension":1791,"meta":145616,"navigation":346,"path":145617,"seo":145618,"stem":145619,"__hash__":145620},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144436,"toc":145585},[144437,144442,144447,144452,144454,144500,144508,144513,144527,144533,144535,144537,144552,144554,144564,144567,144598,144601,144624,144626,144629,144686,144688,144702,144704,144718,144724,144729,144732,144773,144775,144784,144792,144795,144840,144842,144851,144854,144858,144863,144877,144879,144911,144913,144933,144936,144941,144946,144948,144959,144962,145019,145021,145029,145038,145040,145042,145048,145050,145087,145089,145097,145099,145140,145142,145151,145156,145161,145163,145190,145197,145200,145231,145233,145242,145248,145257,145288,145290,145302,145315,145319,145324,145354,145356,145423,145425,145435,145437,145442,145445,145450,145455,145459,145465,145471,145474,145476,145534,145536,145544,145546,145582],[10,144438,122997,144440,10932],{"id":144439},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144441,127875],{},[20,144443,123002,144444,144446],{},[15,144445,127875],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144448,84259,144449,144451],{},[15,144450,127875],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[50,144453,1833],{"id":1832},[55,144455,144457],{"className":57,"code":144456,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144458,144459,144471,144485,144495],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,144460,144461,144463,144465,144467,144469],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144462,34315],{"class":70},[64,144464,75],{"class":74},[64,144466,3184],{"class":320},[64,144468,128716],{"class":329},[64,144470,3190],{"class":320},[64,144472,144473,144475,144477,144479,144481,144483],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,144474,103],{"class":70},[64,144476,75],{"class":74},[64,144478,42476],{"class":70},[64,144480,148],{"class":78},[64,144482,34105],{"class":115},[64,144484,8247],{"class":78},[64,144486,144487,144489,144491,144493],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,144488,125],{"class":108},[64,144490,112],{"class":78},[64,144492,130],{"class":115},[64,144494,119],{"class":78},[64,144496,144497],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,144498,144499],{"class":136},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144501,144502,144504,144505,144507],{},[15,144503,127875],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[221,144506,1138],{}," change the original string in place.",[50,144509,152,144511,155],{"id":144510},"what-upper-does",[15,144512,127875],{},[30,144514,144515,144520,144523,144525],{},[33,144516,144517,144519],{},[15,144518,127875],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[33,144521,144522],{},"It works on string values only",[33,144524,133245],{},[33,144526,135963],{},[20,144528,124749,144529,212,144531,148],{},[285,144530,135969],{"href":135968},[285,144532,124752],{"href":50613},[50,144534,1988],{"id":1987},[20,144536,1991],{},[55,144538,144540],{"className":57,"code":144539,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"string.upper()\n",[15,144541,144542],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,144543,144544,144546,144548,144550],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144545,60815],{"class":70},[64,144547,148],{"class":78},[64,144549,34105],{"class":115},[64,144551,8247],{"class":78},[20,144553,11069],{},[30,144555,144556,144558,144561],{},[33,144557,97170],{},[33,144559,144560],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[33,144562,144563],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144565,144566],{},"Example with a variable:",[55,144568,144570],{"className":57,"code":144569,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144571,144572,144584],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,144573,144574,144576,144578,144580,144582],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144575,7477],{"class":70},[64,144577,75],{"class":74},[64,144579,3184],{"class":320},[64,144581,59],{"class":329},[64,144583,3190],{"class":320},[64,144585,144586,144588,144590,144592,144594,144596],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,144587,125],{"class":108},[64,144589,112],{"class":78},[64,144591,7267],{"class":115},[64,144593,148],{"class":78},[64,144595,34105],{"class":115},[64,144597,6792],{"class":78},[20,144599,144600],{},"Example with a string literal:",[55,144602,144604],{"className":57,"code":144603,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144605,144606],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,144607,144608,144610,144612,144614,144616,144618,144620,144622],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144609,125],{"class":108},[64,144611,112],{"class":78},[64,144613,2686],{"class":320},[64,144615,330],{"class":329},[64,144617,2686],{"class":320},[64,144619,148],{"class":78},[64,144621,34105],{"class":115},[64,144623,6792],{"class":78},[50,144625,11086],{"id":11085},[20,144627,144628],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[55,144630,144632],{"className":57,"code":144631,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144633,144634,144646,144661,144665,144675],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,144635,144636,144638,144640,144642,144644],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144637,5749],{"class":70},[64,144639,75],{"class":74},[64,144641,3184],{"class":320},[64,144643,585],{"class":329},[64,144645,3190],{"class":320},[64,144647,144648,144651,144653,144655,144657,144659],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,144649,144650],{"class":70},"uppercase_word ",[64,144652,75],{"class":74},[64,144654,38013],{"class":70},[64,144656,148],{"class":78},[64,144658,34105],{"class":115},[64,144660,8247],{"class":78},[64,144662,144663],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,144664,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,144666,144667,144669,144671,144673],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,144668,125],{"class":108},[64,144670,112],{"class":78},[64,144672,38023],{"class":115},[64,144674,119],{"class":78},[64,144676,144677,144679,144681,144684],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,144678,125],{"class":108},[64,144680,112],{"class":78},[64,144682,144683],{"class":115},"uppercase_word",[64,144685,119],{"class":78},[20,144687,384],{},[55,144689,144691],{"className":57,"code":144690,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144692,144693,144697],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,144694,144695],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144696,70048],{"class":70},[64,144698,144699],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,144700,144701],{"class":34080},"BANANA\n",[20,144703,112111],{},[30,144705,144706,144711],{},[33,144707,144708,144710],{},[15,144709,38023],{}," keeps its original value",[33,144712,144713,144715,144716],{},[15,144714,144683],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144717,127875],{},[50,144719,144721,144723],{"id":144720},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144722,127875],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144725,136629,144726,144728],{},[221,144727,136632],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144730,144731],{},"So this method:",[55,144733,144735],{"className":57,"code":144734,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144736,144737,144749,144759,144763],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,144738,144739,144741,144743,144745,144747],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144740,7477],{"class":70},[64,144742,75],{"class":74},[64,144744,3184],{"class":320},[64,144746,17422],{"class":329},[64,144748,3190],{"class":320},[64,144750,144751,144753,144755,144757],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,144752,7267],{"class":70},[64,144754,148],{"class":78},[64,144756,34105],{"class":115},[64,144758,8247],{"class":78},[64,144760,144761],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,144762,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,144764,144765,144767,144769,144771],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,144766,125],{"class":108},[64,144768,112],{"class":78},[64,144770,7267],{"class":115},[64,144772,119],{"class":78},[20,144774,384],{},[55,144776,144778],{"className":57,"code":144777,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"alice\n",[15,144779,144780],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,144781,144782],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144783,144777],{"class":70},[20,144785,20598,144786,144788,144789,144791],{},[15,144787,127875],{}," was called, ",[15,144790,7267],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144793,144794],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[55,144796,144798],{"className":57,"code":144797,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144799,144800,144812,144826,144830],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,144801,144802,144804,144806,144808,144810],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144803,7477],{"class":70},[64,144805,75],{"class":74},[64,144807,3184],{"class":320},[64,144809,17422],{"class":329},[64,144811,3190],{"class":320},[64,144813,144814,144816,144818,144820,144822,144824],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,144815,7477],{"class":70},[64,144817,75],{"class":74},[64,144819,35621],{"class":70},[64,144821,148],{"class":78},[64,144823,34105],{"class":115},[64,144825,8247],{"class":78},[64,144827,144828],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,144829,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,144831,144832,144834,144836,144838],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,144833,125],{"class":108},[64,144835,112],{"class":78},[64,144837,7267],{"class":115},[64,144839,119],{"class":78},[20,144841,384],{},[55,144843,144845],{"className":57,"code":144844,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"ALICE\n",[15,144846,144847],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,144848,144849],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144850,144844],{"class":34080},[20,144852,144853],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[50,144855,144857],{"id":144856},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,144859,144860,144862],{},[15,144861,127875],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[30,144864,144865,144868,144871,144874],{},[33,144866,144867],{},"Numbers stay the same",[33,144869,144870],{},"Spaces stay the same",[33,144872,144873],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[33,144875,144876],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,144878,916],{},[55,144880,144882],{"className":57,"code":144881,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144883,144884,144897],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,144885,144886,144888,144890,144892,144895],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144887,34315],{"class":70},[64,144889,75],{"class":74},[64,144891,3184],{"class":320},[64,144893,144894],{"class":329},"Room 7, table #3!",[64,144896,3190],{"class":320},[64,144898,144899,144901,144903,144905,144907,144909],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,144900,125],{"class":108},[64,144902,112],{"class":78},[64,144904,34336],{"class":115},[64,144906,148],{"class":78},[64,144908,34105],{"class":115},[64,144910,6792],{"class":78},[20,144912,384],{},[55,144914,144916],{"className":57,"code":144915,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,144917,144918],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,144919,144920,144923,144925,144927,144930],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144921,144922],{"class":34080},"ROOM",[64,144924,5588],{"class":82},[64,144926,86],{"class":78},[64,144928,144929],{"class":34080}," TABLE",[64,144931,144932],{"class":136}," #3!\n",[20,144934,144935],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[50,144937,1471,144939],{"id":144938},"when-to-use-upper",[15,144940,127875],{},[20,144942,144943,144945],{},[15,144944,127875],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,144947,47976],{},[30,144949,144950,144953,144956],{},[33,144951,144952],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[33,144954,144955],{},"Format labels or headings",[33,144957,144958],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,144960,144961],{},"Example: simple comparison",[55,144963,144965],{"className":57,"code":144964,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144966,144967,144979,144983,145005],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,144968,144969,144971,144973,144975,144977],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,144970,136240],{"class":70},[64,144972,75],{"class":74},[64,144974,3184],{"class":320},[64,144976,8262],{"class":329},[64,144978,3190],{"class":320},[64,144980,144981],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,144982,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,144984,144985,144987,144989,144991,144993,144995,144997,144999,145001,145003],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,144986,6595],{"class":368},[64,144988,136260],{"class":70},[64,144990,148],{"class":78},[64,144992,34105],{"class":115},[64,144994,6964],{"class":78},[64,144996,6004],{"class":74},[64,144998,3184],{"class":320},[64,145000,136247],{"class":329},[64,145002,2686],{"class":320},[64,145004,5989],{"class":78},[64,145006,145007,145009,145011,145013,145015,145017],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,145008,7670],{"class":108},[64,145010,112],{"class":78},[64,145012,2686],{"class":320},[64,145014,143444],{"class":329},[64,145016,2686],{"class":320},[64,145018,119],{"class":78},[20,145020,384],{},[55,145022,145023],{"className":57,"code":143453,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,145024,145025],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,145026,145027],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145028,143453],{"class":70},[20,145030,145031,145032,2020,145034,2024,145036,148],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145033,8262],{},[15,145035,137033],{},[15,145037,136247],{},[50,145039,2661],{"id":2660},[428,145041,95531],{"id":95530},[20,145043,7718,145044,145047],{},[15,145045,145046],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145049,16261],{},[55,145051,145053],{"className":57,"code":145052,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145054,145055,145067,145077],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,145056,145057,145059,145061,145063,145065],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145058,34315],{"class":70},[64,145060,75],{"class":74},[64,145062,3184],{"class":320},[64,145064,330],{"class":329},[64,145066,3190],{"class":320},[64,145068,145069,145071,145073,145075],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,145070,34336],{"class":70},[64,145072,148],{"class":78},[64,145074,34105],{"class":115},[64,145076,8247],{"class":78},[64,145078,145079,145081,145083,145085],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,145080,125],{"class":108},[64,145082,112],{"class":78},[64,145084,34336],{"class":115},[64,145086,119],{"class":78},[20,145088,384],{},[55,145090,145091],{"className":57,"code":138312,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,145092,145093],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,145094,145095],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145096,138312],{"class":70},[20,145098,16273],{},[55,145100,145102],{"className":57,"code":145101,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145103,145104,145116,145130],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,145105,145106,145108,145110,145112,145114],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145107,34315],{"class":70},[64,145109,75],{"class":74},[64,145111,3184],{"class":320},[64,145113,330],{"class":329},[64,145115,3190],{"class":320},[64,145117,145118,145120,145122,145124,145126,145128],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,145119,34315],{"class":70},[64,145121,75],{"class":74},[64,145123,42476],{"class":70},[64,145125,148],{"class":78},[64,145127,34105],{"class":115},[64,145129,8247],{"class":78},[64,145131,145132,145134,145136,145138],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,145133,125],{"class":108},[64,145135,112],{"class":78},[64,145137,34336],{"class":115},[64,145139,119],{"class":78},[20,145141,384],{},[55,145143,145145],{"className":57,"code":145144,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"HELLO\n",[15,145146,145147],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,145148,145149],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145150,145144],{"class":34080},[428,145152,18527,145154,136919],{"id":145153},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145155,127875],{},[20,145157,145158,145160],{},[15,145159,127875],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145162,916],{},[55,145164,145166],{"className":57,"code":145165,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145167,145168,145176],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,145169,145170,145172,145174],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145171,2048],{"class":70},[64,145173,75],{"class":74},[64,145175,124679],{"class":82},[64,145177,145178,145180,145182,145184,145186,145188],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,145179,125],{"class":108},[64,145181,112],{"class":78},[64,145183,2069],{"class":115},[64,145185,148],{"class":78},[64,145187,34105],{"class":115},[64,145189,6792],{"class":78},[20,145191,39286,145192,145194,145195,33227],{},[15,145193,2019],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145196,127875],{},[20,145198,145199],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[55,145201,145203],{"className":57,"code":145202,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145204,145205,145213],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,145206,145207,145209,145211],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145208,2048],{"class":70},[64,145210,75],{"class":74},[64,145212,124679],{"class":82},[64,145214,145215,145217,145219,145221,145223,145225,145227,145229],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,145216,125],{"class":108},[64,145218,112],{"class":78},[64,145220,3276],{"class":357},[64,145222,112],{"class":78},[64,145224,2069],{"class":115},[64,145226,8235],{"class":78},[64,145228,34105],{"class":115},[64,145230,6792],{"class":78},[20,145232,384],{},[55,145234,145236],{"className":57,"code":145235,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"123\n",[15,145237,145238],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,145239,145240],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145241,145235],{"class":82},[428,145243,36835,145245,145247],{"id":145244},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145246,127875],{}," with title case",[20,145249,145250,145252,145253,145256],{},[15,145251,127875],{}," makes ",[221,145254,145255],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[55,145258,145260],{"className":57,"code":145259,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145261,145262,145274],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,145263,145264,145266,145268,145270,145272],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145265,34315],{"class":70},[64,145267,75],{"class":74},[64,145269,3184],{"class":320},[64,145271,60047],{"class":329},[64,145273,3190],{"class":320},[64,145275,145276,145278,145280,145282,145284,145286],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,145277,125],{"class":108},[64,145279,112],{"class":78},[64,145281,34336],{"class":115},[64,145283,148],{"class":78},[64,145285,34105],{"class":115},[64,145287,6792],{"class":78},[20,145289,384],{},[55,145291,145293],{"className":57,"code":145292,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145294,145295],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,145296,145297,145299],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145298,136021],{"class":34080},[64,145300,145301],{"class":34080}," WORLD\n",[20,145303,145304,145305,145309,145310,145314],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[285,145306,145307],{"href":123724},[15,145308,123727],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[285,145311,145312],{"href":129578},[15,145313,124168],{}," changes parts of a string.",[50,145316,145318],{"id":145317},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145320,145321,145322,160],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145323,127875],{},[30,145325,145326,145333,145340,145347],{},[33,145327,145328,145332],{},[285,145329,145330],{"href":123724},[15,145331,123727],{}," for lowercase text",[33,145334,145335,145339],{},[285,145336,145337],{"href":136567},[15,145338,41287],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[33,145341,145342,145346],{},[285,145343,145344],{"href":129578},[15,145345,124168],{}," for changing parts of a string",[33,145348,145349,896,145351,145353],{},[15,145350,127365],{},[15,145352,126055],{}," for checks",[20,145355,916],{},[55,145357,145359],{"className":57,"code":145358,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145360,145361,145373,145377,145392,145408,145412],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,145362,145363,145365,145367,145369,145371],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145364,34315],{"class":70},[64,145366,75],{"class":74},[64,145368,3184],{"class":320},[64,145370,143095],{"class":329},[64,145372,3190],{"class":320},[64,145374,145375],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,145376,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,145378,145379,145382,145384,145386,145388,145390],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,145380,145381],{"class":70},"cleaned ",[64,145383,75],{"class":74},[64,145385,42476],{"class":70},[64,145387,148],{"class":78},[64,145389,8238],{"class":115},[64,145391,8247],{"class":78},[64,145393,145394,145397,145399,145402,145404,145406],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,145395,145396],{"class":70},"loud ",[64,145398,75],{"class":74},[64,145400,145401],{"class":70}," cleaned",[64,145403,148],{"class":78},[64,145405,34105],{"class":115},[64,145407,8247],{"class":78},[64,145409,145410],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,145411,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,145413,145414,145416,145418,145421],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,145415,125],{"class":108},[64,145417,112],{"class":78},[64,145419,145420],{"class":115},"loud",[64,145422,119],{"class":78},[20,145424,384],{},[55,145426,145427],{"className":57,"code":145292,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,145428,145429],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,145430,145431,145433],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145432,136021],{"class":34080},[64,145434,145301],{"class":34080},[50,145436,1651],{"id":1650},[428,145438,12317,145440,124324],{"id":145439},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145441,127875],{},[20,145443,145444],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[428,145446,12317,145448,137301],{"id":145447},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145449,127875],{},[20,145451,145452,145453,148],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145454,145046],{},[428,145456,145458],{"id":145457},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145460,145461,145462,145464],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145463,127875],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[428,145466,27952,145468,145470],{"id":145467},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145469,127875],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145472,145473],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145475,916],{},[55,145477,145479],{"className":57,"code":145478,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145480,145481,145493,145506,145510],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,145482,145483,145485,145487,145489,145491],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145484,2384],{"class":70},[64,145486,75],{"class":74},[64,145488,3184],{"class":320},[64,145490,59],{"class":329},[64,145492,3190],{"class":320},[64,145494,145495,145497,145499,145501,145504],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,145496,2412],{"class":70},[64,145498,75],{"class":74},[64,145500,3184],{"class":320},[64,145502,145503],{"class":329},"PYTHON",[64,145505,3190],{"class":320},[64,145507,145508],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,145509,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,145511,145512,145514,145516,145518,145520,145522,145524,145526,145528,145530,145532],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,145513,125],{"class":108},[64,145515,112],{"class":78},[64,145517,285],{"class":115},[64,145519,148],{"class":78},[64,145521,34105],{"class":115},[64,145523,6964],{"class":78},[64,145525,6004],{"class":74},[64,145527,2389],{"class":115},[64,145529,148],{"class":78},[64,145531,34105],{"class":115},[64,145533,6792],{"class":78},[20,145535,384],{},[55,145537,145538],{"className":57,"code":476,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,145539,145540],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,145541,145542],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145543,476],{"class":338},[50,145545,1717],{"id":1716},[30,145547,145548,145552,145558,145564,145570,145574,145578],{},[33,145549,145550],{},[285,145551,124752],{"href":50613},[33,145553,145554],{},[285,145555,125997,145556,10349],{"href":123724},[15,145557,123727],{},[33,145559,145560],{},[285,145561,125997,145562,10349],{"href":136567},[15,145563,41287],{},[33,145565,145566],{},[285,145567,125997,145568,10349],{"href":129578},[15,145569,124168],{},[33,145571,145572],{},[285,145573,90325],{"href":89334},[33,145575,145576],{},[285,145577,124396],{"href":123252},[33,145579,145580],{},[285,145581,137387],{"href":135968},[1751,145583,145584],{},"html 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":145586},[145587,145588,145590,145591,145592,145594,145595,145597,145604,145605,145614],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":144510,"depth":100,"text":145589},"What upper() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":11085,"depth":100,"text":11086},{"id":144720,"depth":100,"text":145593},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144856,"depth":100,"text":144857},{"id":144938,"depth":100,"text":145596},"When to use upper()",{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661,"children":145598},[145599,145600,145602],{"id":95530,"depth":122,"text":95531},{"id":145153,"depth":122,"text":145601},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145244,"depth":122,"text":145603},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145317,"depth":100,"text":145318},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":145606},[145607,145609,145611,145612],{"id":145439,"depth":122,"text":145608},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145447,"depth":122,"text":145610},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145457,"depth":122,"text":145458},{"id":145467,"depth":122,"text":145613},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144434,"description":145615},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145622,"title":145623,"body":145624,"description":147501,"extension":1791,"meta":147502,"navigation":346,"path":147503,"seo":147504,"stem":147505,"__hash__":147506},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145625,"toc":147451},[145626,145632,145639,145645,145647,145703,145708,145713,145718,145721,145740,145743,145745,145769,145787,145798,145800,145803,145856,145858,145866,145868,145886,145891,145894,145951,145953,145962,145965,145985,145988,145994,145999,146001,146044,146046,146054,146057,146098,146100,146109,146115,146121,146148,146150,146158,146163,146167,146179,146222,146224,146232,146237,146243,146248,146252,146254,146297,146300,146347,146349,146358,146365,146369,146372,146418,146423,146427,146429,146472,146475,146483,146485,146490,146492,146494,146513,146516,146528,146530,146549,146551,146559,146563,146565,146616,146619,146694,146696,146704,146707,146711,146713,146760,146763,146834,146836,146844,146850,146852,146927,146931,147010,147012,147020,147026,147032,147037,147042,147091,147095,147166,147169,147174,147185,147188,147199,147209,147211,147216,147241,147246,147327,147329,147354,147356,147361,147364,147370,147379,147385,147388,147394,147400,147407,147410,147412,147448],[10,145627,13,145629,18],{"id":145628},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145630,145631],{},"sum()",[20,145633,8728,145634,145636,145637,24386],{},[15,145635,145631],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145638,59639],{},[20,145640,145641,145642,145644],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145643,35702],{}," value and a few important limits.",[50,145646,1833],{"id":1832},[55,145648,145650],{"className":57,"code":145649,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145651,145652,145676,145691],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,145653,145654,145656,145658,145660,145662,145664,145666,145668,145670,145672,145674],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145655,71],{"class":70},[64,145657,75],{"class":74},[64,145659,79],{"class":78},[64,145661,83],{"class":82},[64,145663,86],{"class":78},[64,145665,89],{"class":82},[64,145667,86],{"class":78},[64,145669,94],{"class":82},[64,145671,86],{"class":78},[64,145673,2286],{"class":82},[64,145675,97],{"class":78},[64,145677,145678,145680,145682,145685,145687,145689],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,145679,40816],{"class":70},[64,145681,75],{"class":74},[64,145683,145684],{"class":108}," sum",[64,145686,112],{"class":78},[64,145688,116],{"class":115},[64,145690,119],{"class":78},[64,145692,145693,145695,145697,145699,145701],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,145694,125],{"class":108},[64,145696,112],{"class":78},[64,145698,40845],{"class":115},[64,145700,133],{"class":78},[64,145702,26418],{"class":136},[20,145704,1923,145705,145707],{},[15,145706,145631],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[50,145709,152,145711,155],{"id":145710},"what-sum-does",[15,145712,145631],{},[20,145714,145715,145717],{},[15,145716,145631],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145719,145720],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[30,145722,145723,145726,145729,145734],{},[33,145724,145725],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[33,145727,145728],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[33,145730,145731,145732],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145733,35828],{},[33,145735,145736,145737,145739],{},"Counting ",[15,145738,47],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145741,145742],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[50,145744,1988],{"id":1987},[55,145746,145748],{"className":57,"code":145747,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145749,145750],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,145751,145752,145755,145757,145759,145761,145763,145765,145767],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145753,145754],{"class":108},"sum",[64,145756,112],{"class":78},[64,145758,197],{"class":115},[64,145760,86],{"class":78},[64,145762,35681],{"class":8781},[64,145764,75],{"class":74},[64,145766,243],{"class":82},[64,145768,119],{"class":78},[30,145770,145771,145776,145781],{},[33,145772,145773,145775],{},[15,145774,197],{}," is the group of values to add",[33,145777,145778,145780],{},[15,145779,35702],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[33,145782,145783,145784],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145785,145786],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145788,145789,145790,145793,145794,148],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145791,145792,197],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[285,145795,145796,24239],{"href":35825},[15,145797,35828],{},[50,145799,11086],{"id":11085},[20,145801,145802],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[55,145804,145806],{"className":57,"code":145805,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145807,145808,145828,145842,145846],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,145809,145810,145812,145814,145816,145818,145820,145822,145824,145826],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145811,71],{"class":70},[64,145813,75],{"class":74},[64,145815,79],{"class":78},[64,145817,1107],{"class":82},[64,145819,86],{"class":78},[64,145821,5599],{"class":82},[64,145823,86],{"class":78},[64,145825,37568],{"class":82},[64,145827,97],{"class":78},[64,145829,145830,145832,145834,145836,145838,145840],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,145831,40816],{"class":70},[64,145833,75],{"class":74},[64,145835,145684],{"class":108},[64,145837,112],{"class":78},[64,145839,116],{"class":115},[64,145841,119],{"class":78},[64,145843,145844],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,145845,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,145847,145848,145850,145852,145854],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,145849,125],{"class":108},[64,145851,112],{"class":78},[64,145853,40845],{"class":115},[64,145855,119],{"class":78},[20,145857,384],{},[55,145859,145860],{"className":57,"code":69482,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,145861,145862],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,145863,145864],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145865,69482],{"class":82},[20,145867,11295],{},[30,145869,145870,145875,145881],{},[33,145871,145872,145874],{},[15,145873,116],{}," contains three integers",[33,145876,145877,145880],{},[15,145878,145879],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[33,145882,145883,145884],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,145885,40845],{},[50,145887,36243,145889,8036],{"id":145888},"using-the-start-value",[15,145890,35702],{},[20,145892,145893],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[55,145895,145897],{"className":57,"code":145896,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145898,145899,145919,145937,145941],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,145900,145901,145903,145905,145907,145909,145911,145913,145915,145917],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145902,71],{"class":70},[64,145904,75],{"class":74},[64,145906,79],{"class":78},[64,145908,83],{"class":82},[64,145910,86],{"class":78},[64,145912,89],{"class":82},[64,145914,86],{"class":78},[64,145916,94],{"class":82},[64,145918,97],{"class":78},[64,145920,145921,145923,145925,145927,145929,145931,145933,145935],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,145922,40816],{"class":70},[64,145924,75],{"class":74},[64,145926,145684],{"class":108},[64,145928,112],{"class":78},[64,145930,116],{"class":115},[64,145932,86],{"class":78},[64,145934,5599],{"class":82},[64,145936,119],{"class":78},[64,145938,145939],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,145940,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,145942,145943,145945,145947,145949],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,145944,125],{"class":108},[64,145946,112],{"class":78},[64,145948,40845],{"class":115},[64,145950,119],{"class":78},[20,145952,384],{},[55,145954,145956],{"className":57,"code":145955,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"16\n",[15,145957,145958],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,145959,145960],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,145961,145955],{"class":82},[20,145963,145964],{},"This works like:",[30,145966,145967,145972,145977,145981],{},[33,145968,145969,145970],{},"Start at ",[15,145971,2160],{},[33,145973,145974,145975],{},"Add ",[15,145976,83],{},[33,145978,145974,145979],{},[15,145980,815],{},[33,145982,145974,145983],{},[15,145984,1892],{},[20,145986,145987],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[50,145989,152,145991,145993],{"id":145990},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,145992,145631],{}," can work with",[20,145995,145996,145998],{},[15,145997,145631],{}," works with numeric values.",[428,146000,40058],{"id":40057},[55,146002,146004],{"className":57,"code":146003,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146005,146006,146030],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,146007,146008,146010,146012,146014,146016,146018,146020,146022,146024,146026,146028],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146009,304],{"class":70},[64,146011,75],{"class":74},[64,146013,79],{"class":78},[64,146015,83],{"class":82},[64,146017,86],{"class":78},[64,146019,89],{"class":82},[64,146021,86],{"class":78},[64,146023,94],{"class":82},[64,146025,86],{"class":78},[64,146027,2286],{"class":82},[64,146029,97],{"class":78},[64,146031,146032,146034,146036,146038,146040,146042],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,146033,125],{"class":108},[64,146035,112],{"class":78},[64,146037,145754],{"class":108},[64,146039,112],{"class":78},[64,146041,4951],{"class":115},[64,146043,471],{"class":78},[20,146045,384],{},[55,146047,146048],{"className":57,"code":2206,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,146049,146050],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,146051,146052],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146053,2206],{"class":82},[428,146055,146056],{"id":51684},"Floats",[55,146058,146060],{"className":57,"code":146059,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146061,146062,146084],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,146063,146064,146066,146068,146070,146072,146074,146077,146079,146082],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146065,82690],{"class":70},[64,146067,75],{"class":74},[64,146069,79],{"class":78},[64,146071,40792],{"class":82},[64,146073,86],{"class":78},[64,146075,146076],{"class":82}," 3.75",[64,146078,86],{"class":78},[64,146080,146081],{"class":82}," 1.25",[64,146083,97],{"class":78},[64,146085,146086,146088,146090,146092,146094,146096],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,146087,125],{"class":108},[64,146089,112],{"class":78},[64,146091,145754],{"class":108},[64,146093,112],{"class":78},[64,146095,82726],{"class":115},[64,146097,471],{"class":78},[20,146099,384],{},[55,146101,146103],{"className":57,"code":146102,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"7.5\n",[15,146104,146105],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,146106,146107],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146108,146102],{"class":82},[20,146110,146111,146112,148],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[285,146113,146114],{"href":2248},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[428,146116,146118,146119],{"id":146117},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146120,35828],{},[55,146122,146124],{"className":57,"code":146123,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146125,146126],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,146127,146128,146130,146132,146134,146136,146138,146140,146142,146144,146146],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146129,125],{"class":108},[64,146131,112],{"class":78},[64,146133,145754],{"class":108},[64,146135,112],{"class":78},[64,146137,59639],{"class":108},[64,146139,112],{"class":78},[64,146141,83],{"class":82},[64,146143,86],{"class":78},[64,146145,37275],{"class":82},[64,146147,2744],{"class":78},[20,146149,384],{},[55,146151,146152],{"className":57,"code":46677,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,146153,146154],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,146155,146156],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146157,46677],{"class":82},[20,146159,113201,146160,148],{},[15,146161,146162],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[428,146164,146166],{"id":146165},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146168,146169,146170,146172,146173,896,146175,146172,146177,148],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146171,47],{}," acts like ",[15,146174,83],{},[15,146176,147],{},[15,146178,243],{},[55,146180,146182],{"className":57,"code":146181,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146183,146184,146208],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,146185,146186,146188,146190,146192,146194,146196,146198,146200,146202,146204,146206],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146187,51604],{"class":70},[64,146189,75],{"class":74},[64,146191,79],{"class":78},[64,146193,47],{"class":338},[64,146195,86],{"class":78},[64,146197,401],{"class":338},[64,146199,86],{"class":78},[64,146201,410],{"class":338},[64,146203,86],{"class":78},[64,146205,410],{"class":338},[64,146207,97],{"class":78},[64,146209,146210,146212,146214,146216,146218,146220],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,146211,125],{"class":108},[64,146213,112],{"class":78},[64,146215,145754],{"class":108},[64,146217,112],{"class":78},[64,146219,51657],{"class":115},[64,146221,471],{"class":78},[20,146223,384],{},[55,146225,146226],{"className":57,"code":46253,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,146227,146228],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,146229,146230],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146231,46253],{"class":82},[20,146233,146234,146235,148],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146236,47],{},[50,146238,152,146240,146242],{"id":146239},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146241,145631],{}," does not work with",[20,146244,146245,146247],{},[15,146246,145631],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[428,146249,146251],{"id":146250},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146253,2668],{},[55,146255,146257],{"className":57,"code":146256,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146258,146259,146283],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,146260,146261,146263,146265,146267,146269,146271,146273,146275,146277,146279,146281],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146262,567],{"class":70},[64,146264,75],{"class":74},[64,146266,79],{"class":78},[64,146268,2686],{"class":320},[64,146270,330],{"class":329},[64,146272,2686],{"class":320},[64,146274,86],{"class":78},[64,146276,3184],{"class":320},[64,146278,60232],{"class":329},[64,146280,2686],{"class":320},[64,146282,97],{"class":78},[64,146284,146285,146287,146289,146291,146293,146295],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,146286,125],{"class":108},[64,146288,112],{"class":78},[64,146290,145754],{"class":108},[64,146292,112],{"class":78},[64,146294,611],{"class":115},[64,146296,471],{"class":78},[20,146298,146299],{},"Use string joining instead:",[55,146301,146303],{"className":57,"code":146302,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146304,146305,146329],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,146306,146307,146309,146311,146313,146315,146317,146319,146321,146323,146325,146327],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146308,567],{"class":70},[64,146310,75],{"class":74},[64,146312,79],{"class":78},[64,146314,2686],{"class":320},[64,146316,330],{"class":329},[64,146318,2686],{"class":320},[64,146320,86],{"class":78},[64,146322,3184],{"class":320},[64,146324,60232],{"class":329},[64,146326,2686],{"class":320},[64,146328,97],{"class":78},[64,146330,146331,146333,146335,146337,146339,146341,146343,146345],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,146332,125],{"class":108},[64,146334,112],{"class":78},[64,146336,5867],{"class":320},[64,146338,148],{"class":78},[64,146340,133156],{"class":115},[64,146342,112],{"class":78},[64,146344,611],{"class":115},[64,146346,471],{"class":78},[20,146348,384],{},[55,146350,146352],{"className":57,"code":146351,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"helloworld\n",[15,146353,146354],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,146355,146356],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146357,146351],{"class":70},[20,146359,146360,146361,148],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[285,146362,146363,5377],{"href":41809},[15,146364,47320],{},[428,146366,146368],{"id":146367},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146370,146371],{},"This also causes an error:",[55,146373,146375],{"className":57,"code":146374,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146376,146377,146404],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,146378,146379,146382,146384,146386,146388,146390,146392,146394,146396,146398,146400,146402],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146380,146381],{"class":70},"lists ",[64,146383,75],{"class":74},[64,146385,55933],{"class":78},[64,146387,83],{"class":82},[64,146389,86],{"class":78},[64,146391,89],{"class":82},[64,146393,17681],{"class":78},[64,146395,79],{"class":78},[64,146397,1892],{"class":82},[64,146399,86],{"class":78},[64,146401,2286],{"class":82},[64,146403,52881],{"class":78},[64,146405,146406,146408,146410,146412,146414,146416],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,146407,125],{"class":108},[64,146409,112],{"class":78},[64,146411,145754],{"class":108},[64,146413,112],{"class":78},[64,146415,4892],{"class":115},[64,146417,471],{"class":78},[20,146419,146420,146422],{},[15,146421,145631],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[428,146424,146426],{"id":146425},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146428,5065],{},[55,146430,146432],{"className":57,"code":146431,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146433,146434,146458],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,146435,146436,146438,146440,146442,146444,146446,146448,146450,146452,146454,146456],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146437,304],{"class":70},[64,146439,75],{"class":74},[64,146441,79],{"class":78},[64,146443,83],{"class":82},[64,146445,86],{"class":78},[64,146447,89],{"class":82},[64,146449,86],{"class":78},[64,146451,3184],{"class":320},[64,146453,1892],{"class":329},[64,146455,2686],{"class":320},[64,146457,97],{"class":78},[64,146459,146460,146462,146464,146466,146468,146470],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,146461,125],{"class":108},[64,146463,112],{"class":78},[64,146465,145754],{"class":108},[64,146467,112],{"class":78},[64,146469,4951],{"class":115},[64,146471,471],{"class":78},[20,146473,146474],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146476,146477,146478,146480,146481,148],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146479,65587],{},", convert them first. See ",[285,146482,2795],{"href":2794},[50,146484,41138],{"id":41137},[20,146486,146487,146488,148],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146489,145631],{},[428,146491,6121],{"id":6120},[20,146493,1030],{},[55,146495,146497],{"className":57,"code":146496,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146498,146499],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,146500,146501,146503,146505,146507,146509,146511],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146502,125],{"class":108},[64,146504,112],{"class":78},[64,146506,145754],{"class":108},[64,146508,112],{"class":78},[64,146510,1107],{"class":82},[64,146512,471],{"class":78},[20,146514,146515],{},"Why it fails:",[30,146517,146518,146523],{},[33,146519,146520,146522],{},[15,146521,1107],{}," is a single integer",[33,146524,146525,146527],{},[15,146526,145631],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146529,6151],{},[55,146531,146533],{"className":57,"code":146532,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146534,146535],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,146536,146537,146539,146541,146543,146545,146547],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146538,125],{"class":108},[64,146540,112],{"class":78},[64,146542,145754],{"class":108},[64,146544,354],{"class":78},[64,146546,1107],{"class":82},[64,146548,1081],{"class":78},[20,146550,384],{},[55,146552,146553],{"className":57,"code":2779,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,146554,146555],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,146556,146557],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146558,2779],{"class":82},[428,146560,146562],{"id":146561},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146564,1030],{},[55,146566,146568],{"className":57,"code":146567,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146569,146570,146602],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,146571,146572,146574,146576,146578,146580,146582,146584,146586,146588,146590,146592,146594,146596,146598,146600],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146573,304],{"class":70},[64,146575,75],{"class":74},[64,146577,79],{"class":78},[64,146579,2686],{"class":320},[64,146581,83],{"class":329},[64,146583,2686],{"class":320},[64,146585,86],{"class":78},[64,146587,3184],{"class":320},[64,146589,815],{"class":329},[64,146591,2686],{"class":320},[64,146593,86],{"class":78},[64,146595,3184],{"class":320},[64,146597,1892],{"class":329},[64,146599,2686],{"class":320},[64,146601,97],{"class":78},[64,146603,146604,146606,146608,146610,146612,146614],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,146605,125],{"class":108},[64,146607,112],{"class":78},[64,146609,145754],{"class":108},[64,146611,112],{"class":78},[64,146613,4951],{"class":115},[64,146615,471],{"class":78},[20,146617,146618],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[55,146620,146622],{"className":57,"code":146621,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146623,146624,146656,146684],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,146625,146626,146628,146630,146632,146634,146636,146638,146640,146642,146644,146646,146648,146650,146652,146654],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146627,304],{"class":70},[64,146629,75],{"class":74},[64,146631,79],{"class":78},[64,146633,2686],{"class":320},[64,146635,83],{"class":329},[64,146637,2686],{"class":320},[64,146639,86],{"class":78},[64,146641,3184],{"class":320},[64,146643,815],{"class":329},[64,146645,2686],{"class":320},[64,146647,86],{"class":78},[64,146649,3184],{"class":320},[64,146651,1892],{"class":329},[64,146653,2686],{"class":320},[64,146655,97],{"class":78},[64,146657,146658,146660,146662,146664,146666,146668,146670,146672,146674,146676,146678,146680,146682],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,146659,40816],{"class":70},[64,146661,75],{"class":74},[64,146663,145684],{"class":108},[64,146665,112],{"class":78},[64,146667,2019],{"class":357},[64,146669,112],{"class":78},[64,146671,363],{"class":115},[64,146673,133],{"class":78},[64,146675,369],{"class":368},[64,146677,372],{"class":115},[64,146679,375],{"class":368},[64,146681,378],{"class":115},[64,146683,119],{"class":78},[64,146685,146686,146688,146690,146692],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,146687,125],{"class":108},[64,146689,112],{"class":78},[64,146691,40845],{"class":115},[64,146693,119],{"class":78},[20,146695,384],{},[55,146697,146698],{"className":57,"code":2485,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,146699,146700],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,146701,146702],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146703,2485],{"class":82},[20,146705,146706],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[428,146708,146710],{"id":146709},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146712,1030],{},[55,146714,146716],{"className":57,"code":146715,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146717,146718,146746],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,146719,146720,146722,146724,146726,146728,146730,146732,146734,146736,146738,146740,146742,146744],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146721,304],{"class":70},[64,146723,75],{"class":74},[64,146725,79],{"class":78},[64,146727,83],{"class":82},[64,146729,86],{"class":78},[64,146731,89],{"class":82},[64,146733,86],{"class":78},[64,146735,3184],{"class":320},[64,146737,1892],{"class":329},[64,146739,2686],{"class":320},[64,146741,86],{"class":78},[64,146743,2286],{"class":82},[64,146745,97],{"class":78},[64,146747,146748,146750,146752,146754,146756,146758],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,146749,125],{"class":108},[64,146751,112],{"class":78},[64,146753,145754],{"class":108},[64,146755,112],{"class":78},[64,146757,4951],{"class":115},[64,146759,471],{"class":78},[20,146761,146762],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[55,146764,146766],{"className":57,"code":146765,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146767,146768,146796,146824],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,146769,146770,146772,146774,146776,146778,146780,146782,146784,146786,146788,146790,146792,146794],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146771,304],{"class":70},[64,146773,75],{"class":74},[64,146775,79],{"class":78},[64,146777,83],{"class":82},[64,146779,86],{"class":78},[64,146781,89],{"class":82},[64,146783,86],{"class":78},[64,146785,3184],{"class":320},[64,146787,1892],{"class":329},[64,146789,2686],{"class":320},[64,146791,86],{"class":78},[64,146793,2286],{"class":82},[64,146795,97],{"class":78},[64,146797,146798,146800,146802,146804,146806,146808,146810,146812,146814,146816,146818,146820,146822],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,146799,40816],{"class":70},[64,146801,75],{"class":74},[64,146803,145684],{"class":108},[64,146805,112],{"class":78},[64,146807,2019],{"class":357},[64,146809,112],{"class":78},[64,146811,363],{"class":115},[64,146813,133],{"class":78},[64,146815,369],{"class":368},[64,146817,372],{"class":115},[64,146819,375],{"class":368},[64,146821,378],{"class":115},[64,146823,119],{"class":78},[64,146825,146826,146828,146830,146832],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,146827,125],{"class":108},[64,146829,112],{"class":78},[64,146831,40845],{"class":115},[64,146833,119],{"class":78},[20,146835,384],{},[55,146837,146838],{"className":57,"code":2206,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,146839,146840],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,146841,146842],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146843,2206],{"class":82},[428,146845,8020,146847,146849],{"id":146846},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146848,145631],{}," to join text",[20,146851,1030],{},[55,146853,146855],{"className":57,"code":146854,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146856,146857,146913],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,146858,146859,146861,146863,146865,146867,146869,146871,146873,146875,146877,146879,146881,146883,146885,146887,146889,146891,146893,146895,146897,146899,146901,146903,146905,146907,146909,146911],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146860,35720],{"class":70},[64,146862,75],{"class":74},[64,146864,79],{"class":78},[64,146866,2686],{"class":320},[64,146868,133755],{"class":329},[64,146870,2686],{"class":320},[64,146872,86],{"class":78},[64,146874,3184],{"class":320},[64,146876,11357],{"class":329},[64,146878,2686],{"class":320},[64,146880,86],{"class":78},[64,146882,3184],{"class":320},[64,146884,62928],{"class":329},[64,146886,2686],{"class":320},[64,146888,86],{"class":78},[64,146890,3184],{"class":320},[64,146892,60079],{"class":329},[64,146894,2686],{"class":320},[64,146896,86],{"class":78},[64,146898,3184],{"class":320},[64,146900,60114],{"class":329},[64,146902,2686],{"class":320},[64,146904,86],{"class":78},[64,146906,3184],{"class":320},[64,146908,75672],{"class":329},[64,146910,2686],{"class":320},[64,146912,97],{"class":78},[64,146914,146915,146917,146919,146921,146923,146925],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,146916,125],{"class":108},[64,146918,112],{"class":78},[64,146920,145754],{"class":108},[64,146922,112],{"class":78},[64,146924,35773],{"class":115},[64,146926,471],{"class":78},[20,146928,1923,146929,60173],{},[15,146930,133079],{},[55,146932,146934],{"className":57,"code":146933,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,146935,146936,146992],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,146937,146938,146940,146942,146944,146946,146948,146950,146952,146954,146956,146958,146960,146962,146964,146966,146968,146970,146972,146974,146976,146978,146980,146982,146984,146986,146988,146990],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,146939,35720],{"class":70},[64,146941,75],{"class":74},[64,146943,79],{"class":78},[64,146945,2686],{"class":320},[64,146947,133755],{"class":329},[64,146949,2686],{"class":320},[64,146951,86],{"class":78},[64,146953,3184],{"class":320},[64,146955,11357],{"class":329},[64,146957,2686],{"class":320},[64,146959,86],{"class":78},[64,146961,3184],{"class":320},[64,146963,62928],{"class":329},[64,146965,2686],{"class":320},[64,146967,86],{"class":78},[64,146969,3184],{"class":320},[64,146971,60079],{"class":329},[64,146973,2686],{"class":320},[64,146975,86],{"class":78},[64,146977,3184],{"class":320},[64,146979,60114],{"class":329},[64,146981,2686],{"class":320},[64,146983,86],{"class":78},[64,146985,3184],{"class":320},[64,146987,75672],{"class":329},[64,146989,2686],{"class":320},[64,146991,97],{"class":78},[64,146993,146994,146996,146998,147000,147002,147004,147006,147008],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,146995,125],{"class":108},[64,146997,112],{"class":78},[64,146999,5867],{"class":320},[64,147001,148],{"class":78},[64,147003,133156],{"class":115},[64,147005,112],{"class":78},[64,147007,35773],{"class":115},[64,147009,471],{"class":78},[20,147011,384],{},[55,147013,147014],{"className":57,"code":133836,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,147015,147016],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,147017,147018],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,147019,133836],{"class":70},[20,147021,147022,147023,148],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[285,147024,147025],{"href":134917},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[50,147027,147029,147031],{"id":147028},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147030,145631],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147033,147034,147036],{},[15,147035,145631],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[428,147038,8020,147040],{"id":147039},"using-sum",[15,147041,145631],{},[55,147043,147045],{"className":57,"code":147044,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147046,147047,147067,147081],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,147048,147049,147051,147053,147055,147057,147059,147061,147063,147065],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,147050,71],{"class":70},[64,147052,75],{"class":74},[64,147054,79],{"class":78},[64,147056,2334],{"class":82},[64,147058,86],{"class":78},[64,147060,5588],{"class":82},[64,147062,86],{"class":78},[64,147064,53775],{"class":82},[64,147066,97],{"class":78},[64,147068,147069,147071,147073,147075,147077,147079],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,147070,40816],{"class":70},[64,147072,75],{"class":74},[64,147074,145684],{"class":108},[64,147076,112],{"class":78},[64,147078,116],{"class":115},[64,147080,119],{"class":78},[64,147082,147083,147085,147087,147089],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,147084,125],{"class":108},[64,147086,112],{"class":78},[64,147088,40845],{"class":115},[64,147090,119],{"class":78},[428,147092,147094],{"id":147093},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[55,147096,147098],{"className":57,"code":147097,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147099,147100,147120,147128,147132,147144,147152,147156],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,147101,147102,147104,147106,147108,147110,147112,147114,147116,147118],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,147103,71],{"class":70},[64,147105,75],{"class":74},[64,147107,79],{"class":78},[64,147109,2334],{"class":82},[64,147111,86],{"class":78},[64,147113,5588],{"class":82},[64,147115,86],{"class":78},[64,147117,53775],{"class":82},[64,147119,97],{"class":78},[64,147121,147122,147124,147126],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,147123,40816],{"class":70},[64,147125,75],{"class":74},[64,147127,38145],{"class":82},[64,147129,147130],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,147131,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,147133,147134,147136,147138,147140,147142],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,147135,5552],{"class":368},[64,147137,5982],{"class":70},[64,147139,375],{"class":368},[64,147141,762],{"class":70},[64,147143,5989],{"class":78},[64,147145,147146,147148,147150],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,147147,89749],{"class":70},[64,147149,89752],{"class":74},[64,147151,89755],{"class":70},[64,147153,147154],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,147155,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,147157,147158,147160,147162,147164],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,147159,125],{"class":108},[64,147161,112],{"class":78},[64,147163,40845],{"class":115},[64,147165,119],{"class":78},[20,147167,147168],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147170,2318,147171,147173],{},[15,147172,145631],{}," is often better:",[30,147175,147176,147179,147182],{},[33,147177,147178],{},"Shorter code",[33,147180,147181],{},"Easier to read",[33,147183,147184],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147186,147187],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[30,147189,147190,147193,147196],{},[33,147191,147192],{},"You need to skip some values",[33,147194,147195],{},"You need extra checks",[33,147197,147198],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147200,147201,147202,147205,147206,147208],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[285,147203,147204],{"href":39641},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147207,145631],{}," on the filtered result.",[50,147210,2661],{"id":2660},[20,147212,147213,147214,160],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147215,145631],{},[30,147217,147218,147224,147231,147238],{},[33,147219,147220,147221],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147222,147223],{},"sum(5)",[33,147225,147226,147227,147230],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147228,147229],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[33,147232,8020,147233,147235,147236],{},[15,147234,145631],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147237,133079],{},[33,147239,147240],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147242,8480,147243,147245],{},[15,147244,145631],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[55,147247,147249],{"className":57,"code":147248,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147250,147251,147261,147275,147299],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,147252,147253,147255,147257,147259],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,147254,125],{"class":108},[64,147256,112],{"class":78},[64,147258,4951],{"class":115},[64,147260,119],{"class":78},[64,147262,147263,147265,147267,147269,147271,147273],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,147264,125],{"class":108},[64,147266,112],{"class":78},[64,147268,3052],{"class":357},[64,147270,112],{"class":78},[64,147272,4951],{"class":115},[64,147274,471],{"class":78},[64,147276,147277,147279,147281,147283,147285,147287,147289,147291,147293,147295,147297],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,147278,125],{"class":108},[64,147280,354],{"class":78},[64,147282,3052],{"class":357},[64,147284,112],{"class":78},[64,147286,363],{"class":115},[64,147288,133],{"class":78},[64,147290,369],{"class":368},[64,147292,372],{"class":115},[64,147294,375],{"class":368},[64,147296,378],{"class":115},[64,147298,381],{"class":78},[64,147300,147301,147303,147305,147307,147309,147311,147313,147315,147317,147319,147321,147323,147325],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,147302,125],{"class":108},[64,147304,112],{"class":78},[64,147306,145754],{"class":108},[64,147308,354],{"class":78},[64,147310,2019],{"class":357},[64,147312,112],{"class":78},[64,147314,363],{"class":115},[64,147316,133],{"class":78},[64,147318,369],{"class":368},[64,147320,372],{"class":115},[64,147322,375],{"class":368},[64,147324,378],{"class":115},[64,147326,1081],{"class":78},[20,147328,135650],{},[30,147330,147331,147337,147343,147348],{},[33,147332,147333,147336],{},[15,147334,147335],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[33,147338,147339,147342],{},[15,147340,147341],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[33,147344,147345,135672],{},[15,147346,147347],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[33,147349,147350,147353],{},[15,147351,147352],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[50,147355,1651],{"id":1650},[428,147357,1655,147359,1658],{"id":147358},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147360,145631],{},[20,147362,147363],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[428,147365,1684,147367,147369],{"id":147366},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147368,145631],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147371,29895,147372,212,147375,147378],{},[15,147373,147374],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147376,147377],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[428,147380,1684,147382,147384],{"id":147381},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147383,145631],{}," work with floats?",[20,147386,147387],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[428,147389,147391,147392,1677],{"id":147390},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147393,145631],{},[20,147395,147396,147397,147399],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147398,35702],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[428,147401,1671,147403,119035,147405,1677],{"id":147402},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147404,145631],{},[15,147406,2835],{},[20,147408,147409],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[50,147411,1717],{"id":1716},[30,147413,147414,147418,147424,147430,147436,147440,147444],{},[33,147415,147416],{},[285,147417,146114],{"href":2248},[33,147419,147420],{},[285,147421,13,147422,1713],{"href":35825},[15,147423,35828],{},[33,147425,147426],{},[285,147427,13,147428,1713],{"href":41992},[15,147429,41995],{},[33,147431,147432],{},[285,147433,13,147434,1713],{"href":41809},[15,147435,47320],{},[33,147437,147438],{},[285,147439,1739],{"href":39641},[33,147441,147442],{},[285,147443,3358],{"href":2794},[33,147445,147446],{},[285,147447,147025],{"href":134917},[1751,147449,147450],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":147452},[147453,147454,147456,147457,147458,147460,147468,147474,147481,147487,147488,147500],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":145710,"depth":100,"text":147455},"What sum() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":11085,"depth":100,"text":11086},{"id":145888,"depth":100,"text":147459},"Using the start value",{"id":145990,"depth":100,"text":147461,"children":147462},"What sum() can work with",[147463,147464,147465,147467],{"id":40057,"depth":122,"text":40058},{"id":51684,"depth":122,"text":146056},{"id":146117,"depth":122,"text":147466},"Values from range()",{"id":146165,"depth":122,"text":146166},{"id":146239,"depth":100,"text":147469,"children":147470},"What sum() does not work with",[147471,147472,147473],{"id":146250,"depth":122,"text":146251},{"id":146367,"depth":122,"text":146368},{"id":146425,"depth":122,"text":146426},{"id":41137,"depth":100,"text":41138,"children":147475},[147476,147477,147478,147479],{"id":6120,"depth":122,"text":6121},{"id":146561,"depth":122,"text":146562},{"id":146709,"depth":122,"text":146710},{"id":146846,"depth":122,"text":147480},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147028,"depth":100,"text":147482,"children":147483},"sum() vs manual loop",[147484,147486],{"id":147039,"depth":122,"text":147485},"Using sum()",{"id":147093,"depth":122,"text":147094},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":147489},[147490,147492,147494,147496,147498],{"id":147358,"depth":122,"text":147491},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147366,"depth":122,"text":147493},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147381,"depth":122,"text":147495},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147390,"depth":122,"text":147497},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147402,"depth":122,"text":147499},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145623,"description":147501},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147508,"title":147509,"body":147510,"description":148912,"extension":1791,"meta":148913,"navigation":346,"path":148914,"seo":148915,"stem":148916,"__hash__":148917},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147511,"toc":148880},[147512,147518,147524,147527,147590,147596,147601,147605,147622,147636,147640,147660,147674,147676,147769,147771,147785,147787,147790,147879,147881,147889,147898,147900,147904,147925,147927,148019,148021,148042,148044,148048,148062,148064,148138,148140,148159,148163,148166,148189,148191,148302,148309,148317,148319,148325,148328,148371,148374,148397,148405,148409,148484,148490,148515,148522,148525,148528,148532,148537,148625,148633,148637,148640,148665,148669,148730,148734,148783,148793,148795,148800,148803,148809,148812,148816,148820,148826,148829,148837,148845,148847,148877],[10,147513,147515,147516,10932],{"id":147514},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147517,56930],{},[20,147519,147520,147523],{},[15,147521,147522],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147525,147526],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[55,147528,147530],{"className":57,"code":147529,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147531,147532,147560,147578],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,147533,147534,147536,147538,147540,147542,147544,147546,147548,147550,147552,147554,147556,147558],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,147535,71],{"class":70},[64,147537,75],{"class":74},[64,147539,8842],{"class":78},[64,147541,83],{"class":82},[64,147543,86],{"class":78},[64,147545,89],{"class":82},[64,147547,86],{"class":78},[64,147549,89],{"class":82},[64,147551,86],{"class":78},[64,147553,94],{"class":82},[64,147555,86],{"class":78},[64,147557,89],{"class":82},[64,147559,119],{"class":78},[64,147561,147562,147564,147566,147568,147570,147572,147574,147576],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,147563,103],{"class":70},[64,147565,75],{"class":74},[64,147567,762],{"class":70},[64,147569,148],{"class":78},[64,147571,40893],{"class":115},[64,147573,112],{"class":78},[64,147575,815],{"class":82},[64,147577,119],{"class":78},[64,147579,147580,147582,147584,147586,147588],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,147581,125],{"class":108},[64,147583,112],{"class":78},[64,147585,130],{"class":115},[64,147587,133],{"class":78},[64,147589,50408],{"class":136},[20,147591,1923,147592,147595],{},[15,147593,147594],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[50,147597,152,147599,155],{"id":147598},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147600,147522],{},[20,147602,147603,160],{},[15,147604,147594],{},[30,147606,147607,147613,147616,147619],{},[33,147608,147609,147610,147612],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147611,2302],{}," appears in the tuple",[33,147614,147615],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[33,147617,147618],{},"Returns an integer",[33,147620,147621],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147623,147624,147625,147627,147628,212,147632,148],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147626,56930],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[285,147629,147631],{"href":147630},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[285,147633,147635],{"href":147634},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[50,147637,147639],{"id":147638},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[55,147641,147643],{"className":57,"code":147642,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147644,147645],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,147646,147647,147650,147652,147654,147656,147658],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,147648,147649],{"class":70},"my_tuple",[64,147651,148],{"class":78},[64,147653,40893],{"class":115},[64,147655,112],{"class":78},[64,147657,2302],{"class":115},[64,147659,119],{"class":78},[30,147661,147662,147666,147669],{},[33,147663,147664,57095],{},[15,147665,2302],{},[33,147667,147668],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[33,147670,147671,147672],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147673,243],{},[428,147675,102750],{"id":102749},[55,147677,147679],{"className":57,"code":147678,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147680,147681,147721,147745],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,147682,147683,147685,147687,147689,147691,147693,147695,147697,147699,147701,147703,147705,147707,147709,147711,147713,147715,147717,147719],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,147684,12690],{"class":70},[64,147686,75],{"class":74},[64,147688,8842],{"class":78},[64,147690,2686],{"class":320},[64,147692,12707],{"class":329},[64,147694,2686],{"class":320},[64,147696,86],{"class":78},[64,147698,3184],{"class":320},[64,147700,12724],{"class":329},[64,147702,2686],{"class":320},[64,147704,86],{"class":78},[64,147706,3184],{"class":320},[64,147708,12707],{"class":329},[64,147710,2686],{"class":320},[64,147712,86],{"class":78},[64,147714,3184],{"class":320},[64,147716,17074],{"class":329},[64,147718,2686],{"class":320},[64,147720,119],{"class":78},[64,147722,147723,147725,147727,147729,147731,147733,147735,147737,147739,147741,147743],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,147724,125],{"class":108},[64,147726,112],{"class":78},[64,147728,17121],{"class":115},[64,147730,148],{"class":78},[64,147732,40893],{"class":115},[64,147734,112],{"class":78},[64,147736,2686],{"class":320},[64,147738,12707],{"class":329},[64,147740,2686],{"class":320},[64,147742,4954],{"class":78},[64,147744,57285],{"class":136},[64,147746,147747,147749,147751,147753,147755,147757,147759,147761,147763,147765,147767],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,147748,125],{"class":108},[64,147750,112],{"class":78},[64,147752,17121],{"class":115},[64,147754,148],{"class":78},[64,147756,40893],{"class":115},[64,147758,112],{"class":78},[64,147760,2686],{"class":320},[64,147762,22145],{"class":329},[64,147764,2686],{"class":320},[64,147766,4954],{"class":78},[64,147768,50885],{"class":136},[20,147770,19577],{},[30,147772,147773,147778],{},[33,147774,147775,147777],{},[15,147776,65034],{}," appears 2 times",[33,147779,147780,147782,147783],{},[15,147781,109446],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147784,243],{},[50,147786,11086],{"id":11085},[20,147788,147789],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[55,147791,147793],{"className":57,"code":147792,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147794,147795,147843,147847,147869],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,147796,147797,147799,147801,147803,147805,147807,147809,147811,147813,147815,147817,147819,147821,147823,147825,147827,147829,147831,147833,147835,147837,147839,147841],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,147798,35869],{"class":70},[64,147800,75],{"class":74},[64,147802,8842],{"class":78},[64,147804,2686],{"class":320},[64,147806,576],{"class":329},[64,147808,2686],{"class":320},[64,147810,86],{"class":78},[64,147812,3184],{"class":320},[64,147814,585],{"class":329},[64,147816,2686],{"class":320},[64,147818,86],{"class":78},[64,147820,3184],{"class":320},[64,147822,576],{"class":329},[64,147824,2686],{"class":320},[64,147826,86],{"class":78},[64,147828,3184],{"class":320},[64,147830,32847],{"class":329},[64,147832,2686],{"class":320},[64,147834,86],{"class":78},[64,147836,3184],{"class":320},[64,147838,576],{"class":329},[64,147840,2686],{"class":320},[64,147842,119],{"class":78},[64,147844,147845],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,147846,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,147848,147849,147851,147853,147855,147857,147859,147861,147863,147865,147867],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,147850,103],{"class":70},[64,147852,75],{"class":74},[64,147854,52490],{"class":70},[64,147856,148],{"class":78},[64,147858,40893],{"class":115},[64,147860,112],{"class":78},[64,147862,2686],{"class":320},[64,147864,576],{"class":329},[64,147866,2686],{"class":320},[64,147868,119],{"class":78},[64,147870,147871,147873,147875,147877],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,147872,125],{"class":108},[64,147874,112],{"class":78},[64,147876,130],{"class":115},[64,147878,119],{"class":78},[20,147880,384],{},[55,147882,147883],{"className":57,"code":46253,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,147884,147885],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,147886,147887],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,147888,46253],{"class":82},[20,147890,147891,147893,147894,44,147896,148],{},[15,147892,57473],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,147895,56930],{},[15,147897,1892],{},[50,147899,37652],{"id":37651},[20,147901,57184,147902,128385],{},[15,147903,56930],{},[30,147905,147906,147911,147916,147919],{},[33,147907,11034,147908,147910],{},[15,147909,243],{}," when the value does not exist",[33,147912,11034,147913,147915],{},[15,147914,83],{}," when the value appears once",[33,147917,147918],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[33,147920,147921,147922,147924],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,147923,6595],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,147926,916],{},[55,147928,147930],{"className":57,"code":147929,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,147931,147932,147973,147977,148004],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,147933,147934,147937,147939,147941,147943,147945,147947,147949,147951,147953,147955,147957,147959,147961,147963,147965,147967,147969,147971],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,147935,147936],{"class":70},"answers ",[64,147938,75],{"class":74},[64,147940,8842],{"class":78},[64,147942,2686],{"class":320},[64,147944,8262],{"class":329},[64,147946,2686],{"class":320},[64,147948,86],{"class":78},[64,147950,3184],{"class":320},[64,147952,8201],{"class":329},[64,147954,2686],{"class":320},[64,147956,86],{"class":78},[64,147958,3184],{"class":320},[64,147960,8262],{"class":329},[64,147962,2686],{"class":320},[64,147964,86],{"class":78},[64,147966,3184],{"class":320},[64,147968,8262],{"class":329},[64,147970,2686],{"class":320},[64,147972,119],{"class":78},[64,147974,147975],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,147976,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,147978,147979,147981,147984,147986,147988,147990,147992,147994,147996,147998,148000,148002],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,147980,6595],{"class":368},[64,147982,147983],{"class":70}," answers",[64,147985,148],{"class":78},[64,147987,40893],{"class":115},[64,147989,112],{"class":78},[64,147991,2686],{"class":320},[64,147993,8262],{"class":329},[64,147995,2686],{"class":320},[64,147997,133],{"class":78},[64,147999,38028],{"class":74},[64,148001,5091],{"class":82},[64,148003,5989],{"class":78},[64,148005,148006,148008,148010,148012,148015,148017],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,148007,7670],{"class":108},[64,148009,112],{"class":78},[64,148011,2686],{"class":320},[64,148013,148014],{"class":329},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[64,148016,2686],{"class":320},[64,148018,119],{"class":78},[20,148020,384],{},[55,148022,148024],{"className":57,"code":148023,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148025,148026],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,148027,148028,148031,148033,148035,148037,148040],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,148029,148030],{"class":70},"The answer ",[64,148032,333],{"class":320},[64,148034,8262],{"class":329},[64,148036,333],{"class":320},[64,148038,148039],{"class":70}," appears more than once",[64,148041,122029],{"class":78},[50,148043,40679],{"id":40678},[20,148045,35034,148046,104213],{},[15,148047,147522],{},[30,148049,148050,148053,148056,148059],{},[33,148051,148052],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[33,148054,148055],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[33,148057,148058],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[33,148060,148061],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148063,916],{},[55,148065,148067],{"className":57,"code":148066,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148068,148069,148097,148101,148123],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,148070,148071,148073,148075,148077,148079,148081,148083,148085,148087,148089,148091,148093,148095],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,148072,1574],{"class":70},[64,148074,75],{"class":74},[64,148076,8842],{"class":78},[64,148078,2160],{"class":82},[64,148080,86],{"class":78},[64,148082,7390],{"class":82},[64,148084,86],{"class":78},[64,148086,5599],{"class":82},[64,148088,86],{"class":78},[64,148090,7395],{"class":82},[64,148092,86],{"class":78},[64,148094,5599],{"class":82},[64,148096,119],{"class":78},[64,148098,148099],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,148100,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,148102,148103,148105,148107,148109,148111,148113,148115,148117,148119,148121],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,148104,6595],{"class":368},[64,148106,1621],{"class":70},[64,148108,148],{"class":78},[64,148110,40893],{"class":115},[64,148112,112],{"class":78},[64,148114,2160],{"class":82},[64,148116,133],{"class":78},[64,148118,50926],{"class":74},[64,148120,89],{"class":82},[64,148122,5989],{"class":78},[64,148124,148125,148127,148129,148131,148134,148136],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,148126,7670],{"class":108},[64,148128,112],{"class":78},[64,148130,2686],{"class":320},[64,148132,148133],{"class":329},"The score 10 is repeated.",[64,148135,2686],{"class":320},[64,148137,119],{"class":78},[20,148139,384],{},[55,148141,148143],{"className":57,"code":148142,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148144,148145],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,148146,148147,148150,148152,148154,148157],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,148148,148149],{"class":70},"The score ",[64,148151,2160],{"class":82},[64,148153,7698],{"class":74},[64,148155,148156],{"class":70}," repeated",[64,148158,122029],{"class":78},[50,148160,148162],{"id":148161},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148164,148165],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[30,148167,148168,148174,148179,148182],{},[33,148169,148170,148171,148173],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148172,56930],{}," still works because it only reads data",[33,148175,148176,148178],{},[15,148177,56930],{}," counts exact matches",[33,148180,148181],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[33,148183,148184,896,148186,148188],{},[15,148185,83],{},[15,148187,41792],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148190,916],{},[55,148192,148194],{"className":57,"code":148193,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148195,148196,148230,148234,148254,148278],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,148197,148198,148200,148202,148204,148206,148208,148211,148213,148215,148218,148220,148222,148224,148226,148228],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,148199,304],{"class":70},[64,148201,75],{"class":74},[64,148203,8842],{"class":78},[64,148205,83],{"class":82},[64,148207,86],{"class":78},[64,148209,148210],{"class":82}," 1.0",[64,148212,86],{"class":78},[64,148214,3184],{"class":320},[64,148216,148217],{"class":329},"Cat",[64,148219,2686],{"class":320},[64,148221,86],{"class":78},[64,148223,3184],{"class":320},[64,148225,36678],{"class":329},[64,148227,2686],{"class":320},[64,148229,119],{"class":78},[64,148231,148232],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,148233,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,148235,148236,148238,148240,148242,148244,148246,148248,148250,148252],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,148237,125],{"class":108},[64,148239,112],{"class":78},[64,148241,4951],{"class":115},[64,148243,148],{"class":78},[64,148245,40893],{"class":115},[64,148247,112],{"class":78},[64,148249,83],{"class":82},[64,148251,4954],{"class":78},[64,148253,50732],{"class":136},[64,148255,148256,148258,148260,148262,148264,148266,148268,148270,148272,148274,148276],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,148257,125],{"class":108},[64,148259,112],{"class":78},[64,148261,4951],{"class":115},[64,148263,148],{"class":78},[64,148265,40893],{"class":115},[64,148267,112],{"class":78},[64,148269,2686],{"class":320},[64,148271,148217],{"class":329},[64,148273,2686],{"class":320},[64,148275,4954],{"class":78},[64,148277,27403],{"class":136},[64,148279,148280,148282,148284,148286,148288,148290,148292,148294,148296,148298,148300],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,148281,125],{"class":108},[64,148283,112],{"class":78},[64,148285,4951],{"class":115},[64,148287,148],{"class":78},[64,148289,40893],{"class":115},[64,148291,112],{"class":78},[64,148293,2686],{"class":320},[64,148295,36678],{"class":329},[64,148297,2686],{"class":320},[64,148299,4954],{"class":78},[64,148301,27403],{"class":136},[20,148303,1671,148304,1674,148307,1677],{},[15,148305,148306],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148308,815],{},[20,148310,8390,148311,1292,148314,148316],{},[15,148312,148313],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148315,47],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[50,148318,2661],{"id":2660},[428,148320,8020,148322,148324],{"id":148321},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148323,40893],{}," without parentheses",[20,148326,148327],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[55,148329,148331],{"className":57,"code":148330,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148332,148333,148357],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,148334,148335,148337,148339,148341,148343,148345,148347,148349,148351,148353,148355],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,148336,71],{"class":70},[64,148338,75],{"class":74},[64,148340,8842],{"class":78},[64,148342,83],{"class":82},[64,148344,86],{"class":78},[64,148346,89],{"class":82},[64,148348,86],{"class":78},[64,148350,89],{"class":82},[64,148352,86],{"class":78},[64,148354,94],{"class":82},[64,148356,119],{"class":78},[64,148358,148359,148361,148363,148365,148367,148369],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,148360,125],{"class":108},[64,148362,112],{"class":78},[64,148364,116],{"class":115},[64,148366,148],{"class":78},[64,148368,40893],{"class":24372},[64,148370,119],{"class":78},[20,148372,148373],{},"To call the method correctly:",[55,148375,148377],{"className":57,"code":148376,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148378,148379],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,148380,148381,148383,148385,148387,148389,148391,148393,148395],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,148382,125],{"class":108},[64,148384,112],{"class":78},[64,148386,116],{"class":115},[64,148388,148],{"class":78},[64,148390,40893],{"class":115},[64,148392,112],{"class":78},[64,148394,815],{"class":82},[64,148396,471],{"class":78},[428,148398,8056,148399,8059,148401,212,148403],{"id":58233},[15,148400,56930],{},[15,148402,47],{},[15,148404,147],{},[20,148406,148407,58244],{},[15,148408,56930],{},[55,148410,148412],{"className":57,"code":148411,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148413,148414,148446,148468,148472],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,148415,148416,148418,148420,148422,148424,148426,148428,148430,148432,148434,148436,148438,148440,148442,148444],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,148417,35720],{"class":70},[64,148419,75],{"class":74},[64,148421,8842],{"class":78},[64,148423,2686],{"class":320},[64,148425,285],{"class":329},[64,148427,2686],{"class":320},[64,148429,86],{"class":78},[64,148431,3184],{"class":320},[64,148433,1269],{"class":329},[64,148435,2686],{"class":320},[64,148437,86],{"class":78},[64,148439,3184],{"class":320},[64,148441,285],{"class":329},[64,148443,2686],{"class":320},[64,148445,119],{"class":78},[64,148447,148448,148450,148452,148454,148456,148458,148460,148462,148464,148466],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,148449,103],{"class":70},[64,148451,75],{"class":74},[64,148453,69738],{"class":70},[64,148455,148],{"class":78},[64,148457,40893],{"class":115},[64,148459,112],{"class":78},[64,148461,2686],{"class":320},[64,148463,285],{"class":329},[64,148465,2686],{"class":320},[64,148467,119],{"class":78},[64,148469,148470],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,148471,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,148473,148474,148476,148478,148480,148482],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,148475,125],{"class":108},[64,148477,112],{"class":78},[64,148479,130],{"class":115},[64,148481,133],{"class":78},[64,148483,51053],{"class":136},[20,148485,148486,148487,148489],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148488,375],{}," is often simpler:",[55,148491,148493],{"className":57,"code":148492,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148494,148495],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,148496,148497,148499,148501,148503,148505,148507,148509,148511,148513],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,148498,125],{"class":108},[64,148500,112],{"class":78},[64,148502,2686],{"class":320},[64,148504,285],{"class":329},[64,148506,2686],{"class":320},[64,148508,20794],{"class":368},[64,148510,69738],{"class":115},[64,148512,133],{"class":78},[64,148514,137],{"class":136},[428,148516,36835,148518,8309,148520],{"id":148517},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148519,147522],{},[15,148521,56935],{},[20,148523,148524],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148526,148527],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[428,148529,148531],{"id":148530},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148533,148534,148536],{},[15,148535,56930],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[55,148538,148540],{"className":57,"code":148539,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148541,148542,148575,148601],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,148543,148544,148546,148548,148550,148552,148554,148556,148558,148560,148563,148565,148567,148569,148571,148573],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,148545,567],{"class":70},[64,148547,75],{"class":74},[64,148549,8842],{"class":78},[64,148551,2686],{"class":320},[64,148553,576],{"class":329},[64,148555,2686],{"class":320},[64,148557,86],{"class":78},[64,148559,3184],{"class":320},[64,148561,148562],{"class":329},"pineapple",[64,148564,2686],{"class":320},[64,148566,86],{"class":78},[64,148568,3184],{"class":320},[64,148570,576],{"class":329},[64,148572,2686],{"class":320},[64,148574,119],{"class":78},[64,148576,148577,148579,148581,148583,148585,148587,148589,148591,148594,148596,148598],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,148578,125],{"class":108},[64,148580,112],{"class":78},[64,148582,611],{"class":115},[64,148584,148],{"class":78},[64,148586,40893],{"class":115},[64,148588,112],{"class":78},[64,148590,2686],{"class":320},[64,148592,148593],{"class":329},"app",[64,148595,2686],{"class":320},[64,148597,4954],{"class":78},[64,148599,148600],{"class":136},"    # 0\n",[64,148602,148603,148605,148607,148609,148611,148613,148615,148617,148619,148621,148623],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,148604,125],{"class":108},[64,148606,112],{"class":78},[64,148608,611],{"class":115},[64,148610,148],{"class":78},[64,148612,40893],{"class":115},[64,148614,112],{"class":78},[64,148616,2686],{"class":320},[64,148618,576],{"class":329},[64,148620,2686],{"class":320},[64,148622,4954],{"class":78},[64,148624,51053],{"class":136},[20,148626,148627,148630,148631,148],{},[15,148628,148629],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148632,243],{},[50,148634,148636],{"id":148635},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148638,148639],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[30,148641,148642,148647,148656,148662],{},[33,148643,1923,148644,148646],{},[15,148645,375],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[33,148648,1923,148649,148655],{},[285,148650,148652,148653],{"href":148651},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148654,58608],{}," to find the position of a value",[33,148657,1923,148658,148661],{},[15,148659,148660],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[33,148663,148664],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148666,45676,148667,160],{},[15,148668,375],{},[55,148670,148672],{"className":57,"code":148671,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148673,148674,148694,148698,148714],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,148675,148676,148678,148680,148682,148684,148686,148688,148690,148692],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,148677,71],{"class":70},[64,148679,75],{"class":74},[64,148681,8842],{"class":78},[64,148683,2334],{"class":82},[64,148685,86],{"class":78},[64,148687,5588],{"class":82},[64,148689,86],{"class":78},[64,148691,53775],{"class":82},[64,148693,119],{"class":78},[64,148695,148696],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,148697,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,148699,148700,148702,148704,148706,148708,148710,148712],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,148701,125],{"class":108},[64,148703,112],{"class":78},[64,148705,1855],{"class":82},[64,148707,20794],{"class":368},[64,148709,762],{"class":115},[64,148711,133],{"class":78},[64,148713,43490],{"class":136},[64,148715,148716,148718,148720,148722,148724,148726,148728],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,148717,125],{"class":108},[64,148719,112],{"class":78},[64,148721,1107],{"class":82},[64,148723,20794],{"class":368},[64,148725,762],{"class":115},[64,148727,133],{"class":78},[64,148729,43507],{"class":136},[20,148731,45676,148732,160],{},[15,148733,58608],{},[55,148735,148737],{"className":57,"code":148736,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148738,148739,148763],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,148740,148741,148743,148745,148747,148749,148751,148753,148755,148757,148759,148761],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,148742,71],{"class":70},[64,148744,75],{"class":74},[64,148746,8842],{"class":78},[64,148748,2334],{"class":82},[64,148750,86],{"class":78},[64,148752,5588],{"class":82},[64,148754,86],{"class":78},[64,148756,53775],{"class":82},[64,148758,86],{"class":78},[64,148760,5588],{"class":82},[64,148762,119],{"class":78},[64,148764,148765,148767,148769,148771,148773,148775,148777,148779,148781],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,148766,125],{"class":108},[64,148768,112],{"class":78},[64,148770,116],{"class":115},[64,148772,148],{"class":78},[64,148774,35475],{"class":115},[64,148776,112],{"class":78},[64,148778,1855],{"class":82},[64,148780,4954],{"class":78},[64,148782,27403],{"class":136},[20,148784,148785,148787,148788,148790,148792],{},[15,148786,56930],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9453,148789],{},[15,148791,58608],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[50,148794,1651],{"id":1650},[428,148796,1655,148798,1658],{"id":148797},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148799,147522],{},[20,148801,148802],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[428,148804,12317,148806,148808],{"id":148805},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148807,147522],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148810,148811],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[428,148813,148815],{"id":148814},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,148817,11523,148818,148],{},[15,148819,243],{},[428,148821,1684,148823,148825],{"id":148822},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148824,147522],{}," count strings?",[20,148827,148828],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[428,148830,1694,148832,896,148834,1677],{"id":148831},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148833,147522],{},[15,148835,148836],{},"tuple.index()",[20,148838,148839,148841,148842,148844],{},[15,148840,56930],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,148843,58608],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[50,148846,1717],{"id":1716},[30,148848,148849,148853,148858,148865,148873],{},[33,148850,148851],{},[285,148852,147631],{"href":147630},[33,148854,148855],{},[285,148856,148857],{"href":147634},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[33,148859,148860],{},[285,148861,148862,148863,10349],{"href":148651},"Python tuple ",[15,148864,58608],{},[33,148866,148867],{},[285,148868,148870,148871],{"href":148869},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,148872,41995],{},[33,148874,148875],{},[285,148876,58596],{"href":58595},[1751,148878,148879],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":148881},[148882,148884,148887,148888,148889,148890,148891,148899,148900,148911],{"id":147598,"depth":100,"text":148883},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147638,"depth":100,"text":147639,"children":148885},[148886],{"id":102749,"depth":122,"text":102750},{"id":11085,"depth":100,"text":11086},{"id":37651,"depth":100,"text":37652},{"id":40678,"depth":100,"text":40679},{"id":148161,"depth":100,"text":148162},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661,"children":148892},[148893,148895,148896,148898],{"id":148321,"depth":122,"text":148894},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58233,"depth":122,"text":58649},{"id":148517,"depth":122,"text":148897},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148530,"depth":122,"text":148531},{"id":148635,"depth":100,"text":148636},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":148901},[148902,148904,148906,148907,148909],{"id":148797,"depth":122,"text":148903},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148805,"depth":122,"text":148905},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148814,"depth":122,"text":148815},{"id":148822,"depth":122,"text":148908},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148831,"depth":122,"text":148910},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147509,"description":148912},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148919,"title":148920,"body":148921,"description":150608,"extension":1791,"meta":150609,"navigation":346,"path":150610,"seo":150611,"stem":150612,"__hash__":150613},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148922,"toc":150571},[148923,148926,148929,148938,148940,149070,149072,149133,149139,149141,149161,149165,149168,149171,149206,149208,149229,149232,149271,149273,149298,149305,149309,149312,149349,149351,149374,149377,149380,149392,149398,149402,149405,149411,149452,149454,149477,149480,149521,149523,149550,149552,149569,149571,149588,149591,149595,149598,149600,149634,149636,149683,149687,149726,149730,149733,149790,149792,149833,149839,149845,149850,149852,149889,149891,149911,149913,149946,149948,149981,149984,149988,150021,150023,150048,150051,150053,150067,150074,150076,150079,150083,150086,150121,150124,150159,150163,150166,150205,150208,150247,150251,150253,150283,150286,150293,150295,150327,150330,150362,150365,150396,150398,150415,150419,150422,150486,150488,150492,150499,150503,150506,150510,150513,150517,150520,150525,150531,150533,150568],[10,148924,148920],{"id":148925},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,148927,148928],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,148930,148931,148932,212,148936,148],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[285,148933,148935],{"href":148934},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[285,148937,147631],{"href":147630},[50,148939,1833],{"id":1832},[55,148941,148943],{"className":57,"code":148942,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,148944,148945,148965,148974,148988,149024,149028,149038,149048,149059],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,148946,148947,148949,148951,148953,148955,148957,148959,148961,148963],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,148948,71],{"class":70},[64,148950,75],{"class":74},[64,148952,8842],{"class":78},[64,148954,83],{"class":82},[64,148956,86],{"class":78},[64,148958,89],{"class":82},[64,148960,86],{"class":78},[64,148962,94],{"class":82},[64,148964,119],{"class":78},[64,148966,148967,148969,148971],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,148968,124495],{"class":70},[64,148970,75],{"class":74},[64,148972,148973],{"class":78}," ()\n",[64,148975,148976,148979,148981,148983,148985],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,148977,148978],{"class":70},"one_item ",[64,148980,75],{"class":74},[64,148982,8842],{"class":78},[64,148984,1107],{"class":82},[64,148986,148987],{"class":78},",)\n",[64,148989,148990,148993,148995,148998,149000,149002,149004,149006,149008,149010,149012,149014,149016,149018,149020,149022],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,148991,148992],{"class":70},"from_list ",[64,148994,75],{"class":74},[64,148996,148997],{"class":357}," tuple",[64,148999,354],{"class":78},[64,149001,2686],{"class":320},[64,149003,285],{"class":329},[64,149005,2686],{"class":320},[64,149007,86],{"class":78},[64,149009,3184],{"class":320},[64,149011,1269],{"class":329},[64,149013,2686],{"class":320},[64,149015,86],{"class":78},[64,149017,3184],{"class":320},[64,149019,9346],{"class":329},[64,149021,2686],{"class":320},[64,149023,381],{"class":78},[64,149025,149026],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,149027,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,149029,149030,149032,149034,149036],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,149031,125],{"class":108},[64,149033,112],{"class":78},[64,149035,116],{"class":115},[64,149037,119],{"class":78},[64,149039,149040,149042,149044,149046],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,149041,125],{"class":108},[64,149043,112],{"class":78},[64,149045,124546],{"class":115},[64,149047,119],{"class":78},[64,149049,149050,149052,149054,149057],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,149051,125],{"class":108},[64,149053,112],{"class":78},[64,149055,149056],{"class":115},"one_item",[64,149058,119],{"class":78},[64,149060,149061,149063,149065,149068],{"class":66,"line":6028},[64,149062,125],{"class":108},[64,149064,112],{"class":78},[64,149066,149067],{"class":115},"from_list",[64,149069,119],{"class":78},[20,149071,384],{},[55,149073,149075],{"className":57,"code":149074,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149076,149077,149093,149097,149105],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,149078,149079,149081,149083,149085,149087,149089,149091],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149080,112],{"class":78},[64,149082,83],{"class":82},[64,149084,86],{"class":78},[64,149086,89],{"class":82},[64,149088,86],{"class":78},[64,149090,94],{"class":82},[64,149092,119],{"class":78},[64,149094,149095],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,149096,8247],{"class":78},[64,149098,149099,149101,149103],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,149100,112],{"class":78},[64,149102,1107],{"class":82},[64,149104,148987],{"class":78},[64,149106,149107,149109,149111,149113,149115,149117,149119,149121,149123,149125,149127,149129,149131],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,149108,112],{"class":78},[64,149110,333],{"class":320},[64,149112,285],{"class":329},[64,149114,333],{"class":320},[64,149116,86],{"class":78},[64,149118,326],{"class":320},[64,149120,1269],{"class":329},[64,149122,333],{"class":320},[64,149124,86],{"class":78},[64,149126,326],{"class":320},[64,149128,9346],{"class":329},[64,149130,333],{"class":320},[64,149132,119],{"class":78},[20,149134,149135,149136,148],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149137,149138],{},"(5,)",[50,149140,14779],{"id":14778},[30,149142,149143,149146,149149,149152,149155,149158],{},[33,149144,149145],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[33,149147,149148],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[33,149150,149151],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[33,149153,149154],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[33,149156,149157],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[33,149159,149160],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[50,149162,149164],{"id":149163},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149166,149167],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149169,149170],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[55,149172,149174],{"className":57,"code":149173,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149175,149176,149196],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,149177,149178,149180,149182,149184,149186,149188,149190,149192,149194],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149179,71],{"class":70},[64,149181,75],{"class":74},[64,149183,8842],{"class":78},[64,149185,83],{"class":82},[64,149187,86],{"class":78},[64,149189,89],{"class":82},[64,149191,86],{"class":78},[64,149193,94],{"class":82},[64,149195,119],{"class":78},[64,149197,149198,149200,149202,149204],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,149199,125],{"class":108},[64,149201,112],{"class":78},[64,149203,116],{"class":115},[64,149205,119],{"class":78},[20,149207,384],{},[55,149209,149211],{"className":57,"code":149210,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149212,149213],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,149214,149215,149217,149219,149221,149223,149225,149227],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149216,112],{"class":78},[64,149218,83],{"class":82},[64,149220,86],{"class":78},[64,149222,89],{"class":82},[64,149224,86],{"class":78},[64,149226,94],{"class":82},[64,149228,119],{"class":78},[20,149230,149231],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[55,149233,149235],{"className":57,"code":149234,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149236,149237,149261],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,149238,149239,149241,149243,149245,149247,149249,149251,149253,149255,149257,149259],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149240,8771],{"class":70},[64,149242,75],{"class":74},[64,149244,8842],{"class":78},[64,149246,83],{"class":82},[64,149248,86],{"class":78},[64,149250,3184],{"class":320},[64,149252,576],{"class":329},[64,149254,2686],{"class":320},[64,149256,86],{"class":78},[64,149258,410],{"class":338},[64,149260,119],{"class":78},[64,149262,149263,149265,149267,149269],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,149264,125],{"class":108},[64,149266,112],{"class":78},[64,149268,8810],{"class":115},[64,149270,119],{"class":78},[20,149272,384],{},[55,149274,149276],{"className":57,"code":149275,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149277,149278],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,149279,149280,149282,149284,149286,149288,149290,149292,149294,149296],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149281,112],{"class":78},[64,149283,83],{"class":82},[64,149285,86],{"class":78},[64,149287,326],{"class":320},[64,149289,576],{"class":329},[64,149291,333],{"class":320},[64,149293,86],{"class":78},[64,149295,410],{"class":338},[64,149297,119],{"class":78},[20,149299,149300,149301,148],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[285,149302,149304],{"href":149303},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[50,149306,149308],{"id":149307},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149310,149311],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[55,149313,149315],{"className":57,"code":149314,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149316,149317,149325,149335],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,149318,149319,149321,149323],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149320,124495],{"class":70},[64,149322,75],{"class":74},[64,149324,148973],{"class":78},[64,149326,149327,149329,149331,149333],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,149328,125],{"class":108},[64,149330,112],{"class":78},[64,149332,124546],{"class":115},[64,149334,119],{"class":78},[64,149336,149337,149339,149341,149343,149345,149347],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,149338,125],{"class":108},[64,149340,112],{"class":78},[64,149342,3052],{"class":357},[64,149344,112],{"class":78},[64,149346,124546],{"class":115},[64,149348,471],{"class":78},[20,149350,384],{},[55,149352,149354],{"className":57,"code":149353,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149355,149356,149360],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,149357,149358],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149359,8247],{"class":78},[64,149361,149362,149364,149366,149368,149370,149372],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,149363,3121],{"class":74},[64,149365,3124],{"class":1895},[64,149367,326],{"class":320},[64,149369,48590],{"class":329},[64,149371,333],{"class":320},[64,149373,3133],{"class":74},[20,149375,149376],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149378,149379],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[30,149381,149382,149387],{},[33,149383,149384,149385],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149386,6964],{},[33,149388,149389,149390],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149391,267],{},[20,149393,149394,149395,148],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[285,149396,149397],{"href":56793},"Python list: creating a list",[50,149399,149401],{"id":149400},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149403,149404],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149406,149407,149408,149410],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[221,149409,1138],{}," automatically a tuple:",[55,149412,149414],{"className":57,"code":149413,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149415,149416,149428,149438],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,149417,149418,149420,149422,149424,149426],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149419,2276],{"class":70},[64,149421,75],{"class":74},[64,149423,8842],{"class":78},[64,149425,1107],{"class":82},[64,149427,119],{"class":78},[64,149429,149430,149432,149434,149436],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,149431,125],{"class":108},[64,149433,112],{"class":78},[64,149435,2302],{"class":115},[64,149437,119],{"class":78},[64,149439,149440,149442,149444,149446,149448,149450],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,149441,125],{"class":108},[64,149443,112],{"class":78},[64,149445,3052],{"class":357},[64,149447,112],{"class":78},[64,149449,2302],{"class":115},[64,149451,471],{"class":78},[20,149453,384],{},[55,149455,149457],{"className":57,"code":149456,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149458,149459,149463],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,149460,149461],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149462,2779],{"class":82},[64,149464,149465,149467,149469,149471,149473,149475],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,149466,3121],{"class":74},[64,149468,3124],{"class":1895},[64,149470,326],{"class":320},[64,149472,2019],{"class":329},[64,149474,333],{"class":320},[64,149476,3133],{"class":74},[20,149478,149479],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[55,149481,149483],{"className":57,"code":149482,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149484,149485,149497,149507],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,149486,149487,149489,149491,149493,149495],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149488,148978],{"class":70},[64,149490,75],{"class":74},[64,149492,8842],{"class":78},[64,149494,1107],{"class":82},[64,149496,148987],{"class":78},[64,149498,149499,149501,149503,149505],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,149500,125],{"class":108},[64,149502,112],{"class":78},[64,149504,149056],{"class":115},[64,149506,119],{"class":78},[64,149508,149509,149511,149513,149515,149517,149519],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,149510,125],{"class":108},[64,149512,112],{"class":78},[64,149514,3052],{"class":357},[64,149516,112],{"class":78},[64,149518,149056],{"class":115},[64,149520,471],{"class":78},[20,149522,384],{},[55,149524,149526],{"className":57,"code":149525,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149527,149528,149536],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,149529,149530,149532,149534],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149531,112],{"class":78},[64,149533,1107],{"class":82},[64,149535,148987],{"class":78},[64,149537,149538,149540,149542,149544,149546,149548],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,149539,3121],{"class":74},[64,149541,3124],{"class":1895},[64,149543,326],{"class":320},[64,149545,48590],{"class":329},[64,149547,333],{"class":320},[64,149549,3133],{"class":74},[20,149551,16273],{},[55,149553,149555],{"className":57,"code":149554,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149556,149557],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,149558,149559,149561,149563,149565,149567],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149560,112],{"class":78},[64,149562,2686],{"class":320},[64,149564,576],{"class":329},[64,149566,2686],{"class":320},[64,149568,148987],{"class":78},[20,149570,16261],{},[55,149572,149574],{"className":57,"code":149573,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149575,149576],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,149577,149578,149580,149582,149584,149586],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149579,112],{"class":78},[64,149581,2686],{"class":320},[64,149583,576],{"class":329},[64,149585,2686],{"class":320},[64,149587,119],{"class":78},[20,149589,149590],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[50,149592,149594],{"id":149593},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149596,149597],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[428,149599,56101],{"id":116},[55,149601,149602],{"className":57,"code":149173,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,149603,149604,149624],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,149605,149606,149608,149610,149612,149614,149616,149618,149620,149622],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149607,71],{"class":70},[64,149609,75],{"class":74},[64,149611,8842],{"class":78},[64,149613,83],{"class":82},[64,149615,86],{"class":78},[64,149617,89],{"class":82},[64,149619,86],{"class":78},[64,149621,94],{"class":82},[64,149623,119],{"class":78},[64,149625,149626,149628,149630,149632],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,149627,125],{"class":108},[64,149629,112],{"class":78},[64,149631,116],{"class":115},[64,149633,119],{"class":78},[428,149635,56104],{"id":4901},[55,149637,149639],{"className":57,"code":149638,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149640,149641,149673],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,149642,149643,149645,149647,149649,149651,149653,149655,149657,149659,149661,149663,149665,149667,149669,149671],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149644,12690],{"class":70},[64,149646,75],{"class":74},[64,149648,8842],{"class":78},[64,149650,2686],{"class":320},[64,149652,12707],{"class":329},[64,149654,2686],{"class":320},[64,149656,86],{"class":78},[64,149658,3184],{"class":320},[64,149660,17074],{"class":329},[64,149662,2686],{"class":320},[64,149664,86],{"class":78},[64,149666,3184],{"class":320},[64,149668,12724],{"class":329},[64,149670,2686],{"class":320},[64,149672,119],{"class":78},[64,149674,149675,149677,149679,149681],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,149676,125],{"class":108},[64,149678,112],{"class":78},[64,149680,17121],{"class":115},[64,149682,119],{"class":78},[428,149684,149686],{"id":149685},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[55,149688,149690],{"className":57,"code":149689,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149691,149692,149716],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,149693,149694,149696,149698,149700,149702,149704,149706,149708,149710,149712,149714],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149695,59113],{"class":70},[64,149697,75],{"class":74},[64,149699,8842],{"class":78},[64,149701,83],{"class":82},[64,149703,86],{"class":78},[64,149705,3184],{"class":320},[64,149707,576],{"class":329},[64,149709,2686],{"class":320},[64,149711,86],{"class":78},[64,149713,410],{"class":338},[64,149715,119],{"class":78},[64,149717,149718,149720,149722,149724],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,149719,125],{"class":108},[64,149721,112],{"class":78},[64,149723,59166],{"class":115},[64,149725,119],{"class":78},[428,149727,149729],{"id":149728},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149731,149732],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[55,149734,149736],{"className":57,"code":149735,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149737,149738,149779],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,149739,149740,149743,149745,149747,149749,149751,149753,149755,149757,149759,149761,149763,149765,149767,149769,149771,149773,149775,149777],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149741,149742],{"class":70},"nested ",[64,149744,75],{"class":74},[64,149746,8842],{"class":78},[64,149748,83],{"class":82},[64,149750,86],{"class":78},[64,149752,8842],{"class":78},[64,149754,2686],{"class":320},[64,149756,285],{"class":329},[64,149758,2686],{"class":320},[64,149760,86],{"class":78},[64,149762,3184],{"class":320},[64,149764,1269],{"class":329},[64,149766,2686],{"class":320},[64,149768,8839],{"class":78},[64,149770,79],{"class":78},[64,149772,2160],{"class":82},[64,149774,86],{"class":78},[64,149776,7390],{"class":82},[64,149778,381],{"class":78},[64,149780,149781,149783,149785,149788],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,149782,125],{"class":108},[64,149784,112],{"class":78},[64,149786,149787],{"class":115},"nested",[64,149789,119],{"class":78},[20,149791,384],{},[55,149793,149795],{"className":57,"code":149794,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149796,149797],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,149798,149799,149801,149803,149805,149807,149809,149811,149813,149815,149817,149819,149821,149823,149825,149827,149829,149831],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149800,112],{"class":78},[64,149802,83],{"class":82},[64,149804,86],{"class":78},[64,149806,8842],{"class":78},[64,149808,333],{"class":320},[64,149810,285],{"class":329},[64,149812,333],{"class":320},[64,149814,86],{"class":78},[64,149816,326],{"class":320},[64,149818,1269],{"class":329},[64,149820,333],{"class":320},[64,149822,8839],{"class":78},[64,149824,79],{"class":78},[64,149826,2160],{"class":82},[64,149828,86],{"class":78},[64,149830,7390],{"class":82},[64,149832,381],{"class":78},[50,149834,149836,149837],{"id":149835},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149838,37678],{},[20,149840,149841,149842,149844],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149843,37678],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,149846,149847,149848,148],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[285,149849,62859],{"href":62858},[428,149851,104890],{"id":104889},[55,149853,149855],{"className":57,"code":149854,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149856,149857,149879],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,149858,149859,149861,149863,149865,149867,149869,149871,149873,149875,149877],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149860,71],{"class":70},[64,149862,75],{"class":74},[64,149864,148997],{"class":357},[64,149866,354],{"class":78},[64,149868,83],{"class":82},[64,149870,86],{"class":78},[64,149872,89],{"class":82},[64,149874,86],{"class":78},[64,149876,94],{"class":82},[64,149878,381],{"class":78},[64,149880,149881,149883,149885,149887],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,149882,125],{"class":108},[64,149884,112],{"class":78},[64,149886,116],{"class":115},[64,149888,119],{"class":78},[20,149890,384],{},[55,149892,149893],{"className":57,"code":149210,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,149894,149895],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,149896,149897,149899,149901,149903,149905,149907,149909],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149898,112],{"class":78},[64,149900,83],{"class":82},[64,149902,86],{"class":78},[64,149904,89],{"class":82},[64,149906,86],{"class":78},[64,149908,94],{"class":82},[64,149910,119],{"class":78},[428,149912,105076],{"id":105075},[55,149914,149916],{"className":57,"code":149915,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,149917,149918,149936],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,149919,149920,149922,149924,149926,149928,149930,149932,149934],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149921,35720],{"class":70},[64,149923,75],{"class":74},[64,149925,148997],{"class":357},[64,149927,112],{"class":78},[64,149929,2686],{"class":320},[64,149931,41194],{"class":329},[64,149933,2686],{"class":320},[64,149935,119],{"class":78},[64,149937,149938,149940,149942,149944],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,149939,125],{"class":108},[64,149941,112],{"class":78},[64,149943,35773],{"class":115},[64,149945,119],{"class":78},[20,149947,384],{},[55,149949,149951],{"className":57,"code":149950,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149952,149953],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,149954,149955,149957,149959,149961,149963,149965,149967,149969,149971,149973,149975,149977,149979],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149956,112],{"class":78},[64,149958,333],{"class":320},[64,149960,285],{"class":329},[64,149962,333],{"class":320},[64,149964,86],{"class":78},[64,149966,326],{"class":320},[64,149968,1269],{"class":329},[64,149970,333],{"class":320},[64,149972,86],{"class":78},[64,149974,326],{"class":320},[64,149976,9346],{"class":329},[64,149978,333],{"class":320},[64,149980,119],{"class":78},[20,149982,149983],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[428,149985,149987],{"id":149986},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[55,149989,149991],{"className":57,"code":149990,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,149992,149993,150011],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,149994,149995,149997,149999,150001,150003,150005,150007,150009],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,149996,304],{"class":70},[64,149998,75],{"class":74},[64,150000,148997],{"class":357},[64,150002,112],{"class":78},[64,150004,59639],{"class":108},[64,150006,112],{"class":78},[64,150008,2334],{"class":82},[64,150010,471],{"class":78},[64,150012,150013,150015,150017,150019],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,150014,125],{"class":108},[64,150016,112],{"class":78},[64,150018,4951],{"class":115},[64,150020,119],{"class":78},[20,150022,384],{},[55,150024,150026],{"className":57,"code":150025,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150027,150028],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,150029,150030,150032,150034,150036,150038,150040,150042,150044,150046],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150031,112],{"class":78},[64,150033,243],{"class":82},[64,150035,86],{"class":78},[64,150037,5091],{"class":82},[64,150039,86],{"class":78},[64,150041,89],{"class":82},[64,150043,86],{"class":78},[64,150045,94],{"class":82},[64,150047,119],{"class":78},[20,150049,150050],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[50,150052,20421],{"id":20420},[30,150054,150055,150058,150061,150064],{},[33,150056,150057],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[33,150059,150060],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[33,150062,150063],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[33,150065,150066],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150068,150069,150070,148],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[285,150071,150073],{"href":150072},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[50,150075,2661],{"id":2660},[20,150077,150078],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[428,150080,150082],{"id":150081},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150084,150085],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[55,150087,150089],{"className":57,"code":150088,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150090,150091,150107],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,150092,150093,150095,150097,150099,150101,150103,150105],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150094,28162],{"class":70},[64,150096,75],{"class":74},[64,150098,8842],{"class":78},[64,150100,2686],{"class":320},[64,150102,576],{"class":329},[64,150104,2686],{"class":320},[64,150106,119],{"class":78},[64,150108,150109,150111,150113,150115,150117,150119],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,150110,125],{"class":108},[64,150112,112],{"class":78},[64,150114,3052],{"class":357},[64,150116,112],{"class":78},[64,150118,22932],{"class":115},[64,150120,471],{"class":78},[20,150122,150123],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[55,150125,150127],{"className":57,"code":150126,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150128,150129,150145],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,150130,150131,150133,150135,150137,150139,150141,150143],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150132,28162],{"class":70},[64,150134,75],{"class":74},[64,150136,8842],{"class":78},[64,150138,2686],{"class":320},[64,150140,576],{"class":329},[64,150142,2686],{"class":320},[64,150144,148987],{"class":78},[64,150146,150147,150149,150151,150153,150155,150157],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,150148,125],{"class":108},[64,150150,112],{"class":78},[64,150152,3052],{"class":357},[64,150154,112],{"class":78},[64,150156,22932],{"class":115},[64,150158,471],{"class":78},[428,150160,150162],{"id":150161},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150164,150165],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[55,150167,150169],{"className":57,"code":150168,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150170,150171,150191],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,150172,150173,150175,150177,150179,150181,150183,150185,150187,150189],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150174,304],{"class":70},[64,150176,75],{"class":74},[64,150178,79],{"class":78},[64,150180,83],{"class":82},[64,150182,86],{"class":78},[64,150184,89],{"class":82},[64,150186,86],{"class":78},[64,150188,94],{"class":82},[64,150190,97],{"class":78},[64,150192,150193,150195,150197,150199,150201,150203],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,150194,125],{"class":108},[64,150196,112],{"class":78},[64,150198,3052],{"class":357},[64,150200,112],{"class":78},[64,150202,4951],{"class":115},[64,150204,471],{"class":78},[20,150206,150207],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[55,150209,150211],{"className":57,"code":150210,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150212,150213,150233],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,150214,150215,150217,150219,150221,150223,150225,150227,150229,150231],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150216,304],{"class":70},[64,150218,75],{"class":74},[64,150220,8842],{"class":78},[64,150222,83],{"class":82},[64,150224,86],{"class":78},[64,150226,89],{"class":82},[64,150228,86],{"class":78},[64,150230,94],{"class":82},[64,150232,119],{"class":78},[64,150234,150235,150237,150239,150241,150243,150245],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,150236,125],{"class":108},[64,150238,112],{"class":78},[64,150240,3052],{"class":357},[64,150242,112],{"class":78},[64,150244,4951],{"class":115},[64,150246,471],{"class":78},[428,150248,150250],{"id":150249},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150252,150063],{},[55,150254,150256],{"className":57,"code":150255,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150257,150258,150278],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,150259,150260,150262,150264,150266,150268,150270,150272,150274,150276],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150261,71],{"class":70},[64,150263,75],{"class":74},[64,150265,8842],{"class":78},[64,150267,83],{"class":82},[64,150269,86],{"class":78},[64,150271,89],{"class":82},[64,150273,86],{"class":78},[64,150275,94],{"class":82},[64,150277,119],{"class":78},[64,150279,150280],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,150281,150282],{"class":136},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150284,150285],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[428,150287,36835,150289,150292],{"id":150288},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150290,150291],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150294,64285],{},[55,150296,150297],{"className":57,"code":149915,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,150298,150299,150317],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,150300,150301,150303,150305,150307,150309,150311,150313,150315],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150302,35720],{"class":70},[64,150304,75],{"class":74},[64,150306,148997],{"class":357},[64,150308,112],{"class":78},[64,150310,2686],{"class":320},[64,150312,41194],{"class":329},[64,150314,2686],{"class":320},[64,150316,119],{"class":78},[64,150318,150319,150321,150323,150325],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,150320,125],{"class":108},[64,150322,112],{"class":78},[64,150324,35773],{"class":115},[64,150326,119],{"class":78},[20,150328,150329],{},"gives:",[55,150331,150332],{"className":57,"code":149950,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,150333,150334],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,150335,150336,150338,150340,150342,150344,150346,150348,150350,150352,150354,150356,150358,150360],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150337,112],{"class":78},[64,150339,333],{"class":320},[64,150341,285],{"class":329},[64,150343,333],{"class":320},[64,150345,86],{"class":78},[64,150347,326],{"class":320},[64,150349,1269],{"class":329},[64,150351,333],{"class":320},[64,150353,86],{"class":78},[64,150355,326],{"class":320},[64,150357,9346],{"class":329},[64,150359,333],{"class":320},[64,150361,119],{"class":78},[20,150363,150364],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[55,150366,150368],{"className":57,"code":150367,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150369,150370,150386],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,150371,150372,150374,150376,150378,150380,150382,150384],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150373,5749],{"class":70},[64,150375,75],{"class":74},[64,150377,8842],{"class":78},[64,150379,2686],{"class":320},[64,150381,41194],{"class":329},[64,150383,2686],{"class":320},[64,150385,148987],{"class":78},[64,150387,150388,150390,150392,150394],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,150389,125],{"class":108},[64,150391,112],{"class":78},[64,150393,38023],{"class":115},[64,150395,119],{"class":78},[20,150397,384],{},[55,150399,150401],{"className":57,"code":150400,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"('abc',)\n",[15,150402,150403],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,150404,150405,150407,150409,150411,150413],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150406,112],{"class":78},[64,150408,333],{"class":320},[64,150410,41194],{"class":329},[64,150412,333],{"class":320},[64,150414,148987],{"class":78},[428,150416,150418],{"id":150417},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150420,150421],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[55,150423,150425],{"className":57,"code":150424,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150426,150427,150444,150448,150458,150472],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,150428,150429,150432,150434,150436,150438,150440,150442],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150430,150431],{"class":70},"my_tuple ",[64,150433,75],{"class":74},[64,150435,8842],{"class":78},[64,150437,2686],{"class":320},[64,150439,576],{"class":329},[64,150441,2686],{"class":320},[64,150443,148987],{"class":78},[64,150445,150446],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,150447,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,150449,150450,150452,150454,150456],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,150451,125],{"class":108},[64,150453,112],{"class":78},[64,150455,147649],{"class":115},[64,150457,119],{"class":78},[64,150459,150460,150462,150464,150466,150468,150470],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,150461,125],{"class":108},[64,150463,112],{"class":78},[64,150465,3052],{"class":357},[64,150467,112],{"class":78},[64,150469,147649],{"class":115},[64,150471,471],{"class":78},[64,150473,150474,150476,150478,150480,150482,150484],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,150475,125],{"class":108},[64,150477,112],{"class":78},[64,150479,10771],{"class":108},[64,150481,112],{"class":78},[64,150483,147649],{"class":115},[64,150485,471],{"class":78},[50,150487,1651],{"id":1650},[428,150489,150491],{"id":150490},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150493,150494,150495,150498],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150496,150497],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[428,150500,150502],{"id":150501},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150504,150505],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[428,150507,150509],{"id":150508},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150511,150512],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[428,150514,150516],{"id":150515},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150518,150519],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[428,150521,1655,150523,12329],{"id":150522},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150524,150291],{},[20,150526,1661,150527,150530],{},[15,150528,150529],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[50,150532,1717],{"id":1716},[30,150534,150535,150539,150543,150549,150554,150559,150563],{},[33,150536,150537],{},[285,150538,147631],{"href":147630},[33,150540,150541],{},[285,150542,149304],{"href":149303},[33,150544,150545],{},[285,150546,150548],{"href":150547},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[33,150550,150551],{},[285,150552,150553],{"href":148869},"Python tuple length with len()",[33,150555,150556],{},[285,150557,150558],{"href":148934},"What is a tuple in Python?",[33,150560,150561],{},[285,150562,62859],{"href":62858},[33,150564,150565],{},[285,150566,150567],{"href":150072},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1751,150569,150570],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":150572},[150573,150574,150575,150576,150577,150578,150584,150590,150591,150599,150607],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":14778,"depth":100,"text":14779},{"id":149163,"depth":100,"text":149164},{"id":149307,"depth":100,"text":149308},{"id":149400,"depth":100,"text":149401},{"id":149593,"depth":100,"text":149594,"children":150579},[150580,150581,150582,150583],{"id":116,"depth":122,"text":56101},{"id":4901,"depth":122,"text":56104},{"id":149685,"depth":122,"text":149686},{"id":149728,"depth":122,"text":149729},{"id":149835,"depth":100,"text":150585,"children":150586},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150587,150588,150589],{"id":104889,"depth":122,"text":104890},{"id":105075,"depth":122,"text":105076},{"id":149986,"depth":122,"text":149987},{"id":20420,"depth":100,"text":20421},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661,"children":150592},[150593,150594,150595,150596,150598],{"id":150081,"depth":122,"text":150082},{"id":150161,"depth":122,"text":150162},{"id":150249,"depth":122,"text":150250},{"id":150288,"depth":122,"text":150597},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150417,"depth":122,"text":150418},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":150600},[150601,150602,150603,150604,150605],{"id":150490,"depth":122,"text":150491},{"id":150501,"depth":122,"text":150502},{"id":150508,"depth":122,"text":150509},{"id":150515,"depth":122,"text":150516},{"id":150522,"depth":122,"text":150606},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148920,"description":150608},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150615,"title":150616,"body":150617,"description":152162,"extension":1791,"meta":152163,"navigation":346,"path":152164,"seo":152165,"stem":152166,"__hash__":152167},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150618,"toc":152132},[150619,150622,150627,150629,150642,150648,150650,150717,150719,150754,150759,150763,150767,150769,150780,150788,150790,150792,150813,150815,150835,150838,150840,150845,150888,150890,150912,150915,150928,150932,150936,150939,150992,150994,151015,151020,151024,151027,151072,151074,151107,151119,151123,151131,151168,151170,151199,151203,151206,151259,151261,151281,151288,151292,151297,151366,151368,151393,151397,151400,151406,151483,151485,151544,151546,151558,151563,151567,151571,151585,151587,151622,151624,151641,151644,151657,151661,151665,151676,151681,151696,151699,151702,151704,151707,151711,151713,151727,151729,151753,151758,151762,151765,151784,151787,151836,151841,151858,151861,151894,151898,151900,151951,151954,151979,151982,152005,152009,152015,152017,152052,152055,152060,152062,152066,152069,152073,152078,152082,152085,152089,152092,152096,152101,152103,152129],[10,150620,150616],{"id":150621},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150623,8728,150624,150626],{},[15,150625,37678],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150628,82231],{},[30,150630,150631,150636],{},[33,150632,150633,150635],{},[15,150634,37678],{}," creates an empty tuple",[33,150637,150638,150641],{},[15,150639,150640],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150643,150644,150645,150647],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150646,37678],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[50,150649,1833],{"id":1832},[55,150651,150653],{"className":57,"code":150652,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150654,150655,150675,150689,150693,150703],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,150656,150657,150659,150661,150663,150665,150667,150669,150671,150673],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150658,71],{"class":70},[64,150660,75],{"class":74},[64,150662,79],{"class":78},[64,150664,83],{"class":82},[64,150666,86],{"class":78},[64,150668,89],{"class":82},[64,150670,86],{"class":78},[64,150672,94],{"class":82},[64,150674,97],{"class":78},[64,150676,150677,150679,150681,150683,150685,150687],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,150678,103],{"class":70},[64,150680,75],{"class":74},[64,150682,148997],{"class":357},[64,150684,112],{"class":78},[64,150686,116],{"class":115},[64,150688,119],{"class":78},[64,150690,150691],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,150692,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,150694,150695,150697,150699,150701],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,150696,125],{"class":108},[64,150698,112],{"class":78},[64,150700,130],{"class":115},[64,150702,119],{"class":78},[64,150704,150705,150707,150709,150711,150713,150715],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,150706,125],{"class":108},[64,150708,112],{"class":78},[64,150710,3052],{"class":357},[64,150712,112],{"class":78},[64,150714,130],{"class":115},[64,150716,471],{"class":78},[20,150718,384],{},[55,150720,150722],{"className":57,"code":150721,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150723,150724,150740],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,150725,150726,150728,150730,150732,150734,150736,150738],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150727,112],{"class":78},[64,150729,83],{"class":82},[64,150731,86],{"class":78},[64,150733,89],{"class":82},[64,150735,86],{"class":78},[64,150737,94],{"class":82},[64,150739,119],{"class":78},[64,150741,150742,150744,150746,150748,150750,150752],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,150743,3121],{"class":74},[64,150745,3124],{"class":1895},[64,150747,326],{"class":320},[64,150749,48590],{"class":329},[64,150751,333],{"class":320},[64,150753,3133],{"class":74},[20,150755,1923,150756,150758],{},[15,150757,150640],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[50,150760,150762],{"id":150761},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150764,150765,62567],{},[15,150766,37678],{},[20,150768,48564],{},[30,150770,150771,150774,150777],{},[33,150772,150773],{},"creates a tuple object",[33,150775,150776],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[33,150778,150779],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150781,150782,150783,150785,150786,148],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[285,150784,148935],{"href":148934}," or the full guide to ",[285,150787,147631],{"href":147630},[50,150789,1988],{"id":1987},[20,150791,26110],{},[55,150793,150795],{"className":57,"code":150794,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150796,150797,150803],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,150798,150799,150801],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150800,48590],{"class":357},[64,150802,8247],{"class":78},[64,150804,150805,150807,150809,150811],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,150806,48590],{"class":357},[64,150808,112],{"class":78},[64,150810,197],{"class":115},[64,150812,119],{"class":78},[20,150814,11069],{},[30,150816,150817,150820],{},[33,150818,150819],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[33,150821,150822,150823],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[30,150824,150825,150827,150829,150831,150833],{},[33,150826,4892],{},[33,150828,4901],{},[33,150830,62638],{},[33,150832,4898],{},[33,150834,6849],{},[20,150836,150837],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[50,150839,149308],{"id":149307},[20,150841,29274,150842,150844],{},[15,150843,37678],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[55,150846,150848],{"className":57,"code":150847,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150849,150850,150860,150864,150874],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,150851,150852,150854,150856,150858],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150853,124495],{"class":70},[64,150855,75],{"class":74},[64,150857,148997],{"class":357},[64,150859,8247],{"class":78},[64,150861,150862],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,150863,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,150865,150866,150868,150870,150872],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,150867,125],{"class":108},[64,150869,112],{"class":78},[64,150871,124546],{"class":115},[64,150873,119],{"class":78},[64,150875,150876,150878,150880,150882,150884,150886],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,150877,125],{"class":108},[64,150879,112],{"class":78},[64,150881,3052],{"class":357},[64,150883,112],{"class":78},[64,150885,124546],{"class":115},[64,150887,471],{"class":78},[20,150889,384],{},[55,150891,150892],{"className":57,"code":149353,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,150893,150894,150898],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,150895,150896],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150897,8247],{"class":78},[64,150899,150900,150902,150904,150906,150908,150910],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,150901,3121],{"class":74},[64,150903,3124],{"class":1895},[64,150905,326],{"class":320},[64,150907,48590],{"class":329},[64,150909,333],{"class":320},[64,150911,3133],{"class":74},[20,150913,150914],{},"This is equivalent to:",[55,150916,150918],{"className":57,"code":150917,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"empty = ()\n",[15,150919,150920],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,150921,150922,150924,150926],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150923,124495],{"class":70},[64,150925,75],{"class":74},[64,150927,148973],{"class":78},[50,150929,150931],{"id":150930},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[428,150933,150935],{"id":150934},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,150937,150938],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[55,150940,150942],{"className":57,"code":150941,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150943,150944,150964,150978,150982],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,150945,150946,150948,150950,150952,150954,150956,150958,150960,150962],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,150947,71],{"class":70},[64,150949,75],{"class":74},[64,150951,79],{"class":78},[64,150953,2160],{"class":82},[64,150955,86],{"class":78},[64,150957,7390],{"class":82},[64,150959,86],{"class":78},[64,150961,7395],{"class":82},[64,150963,97],{"class":78},[64,150965,150966,150968,150970,150972,150974,150976],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,150967,103],{"class":70},[64,150969,75],{"class":74},[64,150971,148997],{"class":357},[64,150973,112],{"class":78},[64,150975,116],{"class":115},[64,150977,119],{"class":78},[64,150979,150980],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,150981,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,150983,150984,150986,150988,150990],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,150985,125],{"class":108},[64,150987,112],{"class":78},[64,150989,130],{"class":115},[64,150991,119],{"class":78},[20,150993,384],{},[55,150995,150997],{"className":57,"code":150996,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,150998,150999],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,151000,151001,151003,151005,151007,151009,151011,151013],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151002,112],{"class":78},[64,151004,2160],{"class":82},[64,151006,86],{"class":78},[64,151008,7390],{"class":82},[64,151010,86],{"class":78},[64,151012,7395],{"class":82},[64,151014,119],{"class":78},[20,151016,151017,151018,148],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[285,151019,104695],{"href":59696},[428,151021,151023],{"id":151022},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151025,151026],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[55,151028,151030],{"className":57,"code":151029,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151031,151032,151044,151058,151062],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,151033,151034,151036,151038,151040,151042],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151035,34315],{"class":70},[64,151037,75],{"class":74},[64,151039,3184],{"class":320},[64,151041,36678],{"class":329},[64,151043,3190],{"class":320},[64,151045,151046,151048,151050,151052,151054,151056],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,151047,103],{"class":70},[64,151049,75],{"class":74},[64,151051,148997],{"class":357},[64,151053,112],{"class":78},[64,151055,34336],{"class":115},[64,151057,119],{"class":78},[64,151059,151060],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,151061,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,151063,151064,151066,151068,151070],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,151065,125],{"class":108},[64,151067,112],{"class":78},[64,151069,130],{"class":115},[64,151071,119],{"class":78},[20,151073,384],{},[55,151075,151077],{"className":57,"code":151076,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151078,151079],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,151080,151081,151083,151085,151087,151089,151091,151093,151095,151097,151099,151101,151103,151105],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151082,112],{"class":78},[64,151084,333],{"class":320},[64,151086,9346],{"class":329},[64,151088,333],{"class":320},[64,151090,86],{"class":78},[64,151092,326],{"class":320},[64,151094,285],{"class":329},[64,151096,333],{"class":320},[64,151098,86],{"class":78},[64,151100,326],{"class":320},[64,151102,62928],{"class":329},[64,151104,333],{"class":320},[64,151106,119],{"class":78},[20,151108,151109,151110,13669,151113,151115,151116,148],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151111,151112],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[221,151114,1138],{}," create ",[15,151117,151118],{},"('cat',)",[428,151120,151122],{"id":151121},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151124,151125,151127,151128,151130],{},[15,151126,35828],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151129,37678],{}," collects them all.",[55,151132,151134],{"className":57,"code":151133,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151135,151136,151154,151158],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,151137,151138,151140,151142,151144,151146,151148,151150,151152],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151139,103],{"class":70},[64,151141,75],{"class":74},[64,151143,148997],{"class":357},[64,151145,112],{"class":78},[64,151147,59639],{"class":108},[64,151149,112],{"class":78},[64,151151,1107],{"class":82},[64,151153,471],{"class":78},[64,151155,151156],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,151157,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,151159,151160,151162,151164,151166],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,151161,125],{"class":108},[64,151163,112],{"class":78},[64,151165,130],{"class":115},[64,151167,119],{"class":78},[20,151169,384],{},[55,151171,151173],{"className":57,"code":151172,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151174,151175],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,151176,151177,151179,151181,151183,151185,151187,151189,151191,151193,151195,151197],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151178,112],{"class":78},[64,151180,243],{"class":82},[64,151182,86],{"class":78},[64,151184,5091],{"class":82},[64,151186,86],{"class":78},[64,151188,89],{"class":82},[64,151190,86],{"class":78},[64,151192,94],{"class":82},[64,151194,86],{"class":78},[64,151196,2286],{"class":82},[64,151198,119],{"class":78},[428,151200,151202],{"id":151201},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151204,151205],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[55,151207,151209],{"className":57,"code":151208,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151210,151211,151231,151245,151249],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,151212,151213,151215,151217,151219,151221,151223,151225,151227,151229],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151214,304],{"class":70},[64,151216,75],{"class":74},[64,151218,10098],{"class":78},[64,151220,83],{"class":82},[64,151222,86],{"class":78},[64,151224,89],{"class":82},[64,151226,86],{"class":78},[64,151228,94],{"class":82},[64,151230,8915],{"class":78},[64,151232,151233,151235,151237,151239,151241,151243],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,151234,103],{"class":70},[64,151236,75],{"class":74},[64,151238,148997],{"class":357},[64,151240,112],{"class":78},[64,151242,4951],{"class":115},[64,151244,119],{"class":78},[64,151246,151247],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,151248,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,151250,151251,151253,151255,151257],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,151252,125],{"class":108},[64,151254,112],{"class":78},[64,151256,130],{"class":115},[64,151258,119],{"class":78},[20,151260,384],{},[55,151262,151263],{"className":57,"code":149210,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,151264,151265],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,151266,151267,151269,151271,151273,151275,151277,151279],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151268,112],{"class":78},[64,151270,83],{"class":82},[64,151272,86],{"class":78},[64,151274,89],{"class":82},[64,151276,86],{"class":78},[64,151278,94],{"class":82},[64,151280,119],{"class":78},[20,151282,151283,151284,148],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[285,151285,151287],{"href":151286},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[428,151289,151291],{"id":151290},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151293,63181,151294,151296],{},[15,151295,37678],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[55,151298,151300],{"className":57,"code":151299,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151301,151302,151338,151352,151356],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,151303,151304,151306,151308,151310,151312,151314,151316,151318,151320,151322,151324,151326,151328,151330,151332,151334,151336],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151305,12819],{"class":70},[64,151307,75],{"class":74},[64,151309,10098],{"class":78},[64,151311,2686],{"class":320},[64,151313,7267],{"class":329},[64,151315,2686],{"class":320},[64,151317,160],{"class":78},[64,151319,3184],{"class":320},[64,151321,12494],{"class":329},[64,151323,2686],{"class":320},[64,151325,86],{"class":78},[64,151327,3184],{"class":320},[64,151329,8905],{"class":329},[64,151331,2686],{"class":320},[64,151333,160],{"class":78},[64,151335,8912],{"class":82},[64,151337,8915],{"class":78},[64,151339,151340,151342,151344,151346,151348,151350],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,151341,103],{"class":70},[64,151343,75],{"class":74},[64,151345,148997],{"class":357},[64,151347,112],{"class":78},[64,151349,16925],{"class":115},[64,151351,119],{"class":78},[64,151353,151354],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,151355,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,151357,151358,151360,151362,151364],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,151359,125],{"class":108},[64,151361,112],{"class":78},[64,151363,130],{"class":115},[64,151365,119],{"class":78},[20,151367,29654],{},[55,151369,151371],{"className":57,"code":151370,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151372,151373],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,151374,151375,151377,151379,151381,151383,151385,151387,151389,151391],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151376,112],{"class":78},[64,151378,333],{"class":320},[64,151380,7267],{"class":329},[64,151382,333],{"class":320},[64,151384,86],{"class":78},[64,151386,326],{"class":320},[64,151388,8905],{"class":329},[64,151390,333],{"class":320},[64,151392,119],{"class":78},[50,151394,151396],{"id":151395},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151398,151399],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151401,151402,151405],{},[15,151403,151404],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[55,151407,151409],{"className":57,"code":151408,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151410,151411,151447,151451,151465],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,151412,151413,151415,151417,151419,151421,151423,151425,151427,151429,151431,151433,151435,151437,151439,151441,151443,151445],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151414,12819],{"class":70},[64,151416,75],{"class":74},[64,151418,10098],{"class":78},[64,151420,2686],{"class":320},[64,151422,7267],{"class":329},[64,151424,2686],{"class":320},[64,151426,160],{"class":78},[64,151428,3184],{"class":320},[64,151430,12494],{"class":329},[64,151432,2686],{"class":320},[64,151434,86],{"class":78},[64,151436,3184],{"class":320},[64,151438,8905],{"class":329},[64,151440,2686],{"class":320},[64,151442,160],{"class":78},[64,151444,8912],{"class":82},[64,151446,8915],{"class":78},[64,151448,151449],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,151450,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,151452,151453,151455,151457,151459,151461,151463],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,151454,125],{"class":108},[64,151456,112],{"class":78},[64,151458,48590],{"class":357},[64,151460,112],{"class":78},[64,151462,16925],{"class":115},[64,151464,471],{"class":78},[64,151466,151467,151469,151471,151473,151475,151477,151479,151481],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,151468,125],{"class":108},[64,151470,112],{"class":78},[64,151472,48590],{"class":357},[64,151474,112],{"class":78},[64,151476,16925],{"class":115},[64,151478,148],{"class":78},[64,151480,7410],{"class":115},[64,151482,5885],{"class":78},[20,151484,384],{},[55,151486,151488],{"className":57,"code":151487,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151489,151490,151510],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,151491,151492,151494,151496,151498,151500,151502,151504,151506,151508],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151493,112],{"class":78},[64,151495,333],{"class":320},[64,151497,7267],{"class":329},[64,151499,333],{"class":320},[64,151501,86],{"class":78},[64,151503,326],{"class":320},[64,151505,8905],{"class":329},[64,151507,333],{"class":320},[64,151509,119],{"class":78},[64,151511,151512,151514,151516,151518,151520,151522,151524,151526,151528,151530,151532,151534,151536,151538,151540,151542],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,151513,5104],{"class":78},[64,151515,333],{"class":320},[64,151517,7267],{"class":329},[64,151519,333],{"class":320},[64,151521,86],{"class":78},[64,151523,326],{"class":320},[64,151525,12494],{"class":329},[64,151527,333],{"class":320},[64,151529,8839],{"class":78},[64,151531,8842],{"class":78},[64,151533,333],{"class":320},[64,151535,8905],{"class":329},[64,151537,333],{"class":320},[64,151539,86],{"class":78},[64,151541,8912],{"class":82},[64,151543,471],{"class":78},[20,151545,18314],{},[30,151547,151548,151553],{},[33,151549,151550,151552],{},[15,151551,151404],{}," for keys",[33,151554,151555,32183],{},[15,151556,151557],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151559,151560,151561,148],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[285,151562,63191],{"href":63190},[50,151564,151566],{"id":151565},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151568,151569,17938],{},[15,151570,37678],{},[30,151572,151573,151576,151579,151582],{},[33,151574,151575],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[33,151577,151578],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[33,151580,151581],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[33,151583,151584],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151586,916],{},[55,151588,151590],{"className":57,"code":151589,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151591,151592,151611],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,151593,151594,151597,151599,151601,151603,151605,151607,151609],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151595,151596],{"class":70},"coordinates ",[64,151598,75],{"class":74},[64,151600,148997],{"class":357},[64,151602,354],{"class":78},[64,151604,2334],{"class":82},[64,151606,86],{"class":78},[64,151608,5588],{"class":82},[64,151610,381],{"class":78},[64,151612,151613,151615,151617,151620],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,151614,125],{"class":108},[64,151616,112],{"class":78},[64,151618,151619],{"class":115},"coordinates",[64,151621,119],{"class":78},[20,151623,384],{},[55,151625,151627],{"className":57,"code":151626,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151628,151629],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,151630,151631,151633,151635,151637,151639],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151632,112],{"class":78},[64,151634,2334],{"class":82},[64,151636,86],{"class":78},[64,151638,5588],{"class":82},[64,151640,119],{"class":78},[20,151642,151643],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[30,151645,151646,151648,151651,151654],{},[33,151647,151619],{},[33,151649,151650],{},"RGB colors",[33,151652,151653],{},"dates",[33,151655,151656],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[50,151658,151660],{"id":151659},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151662,44064,151663,10209],{},[15,151664,37678],{},[30,151666,151667,151670,151673],{},[33,151668,151669],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[33,151671,151672],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[33,151674,151675],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151677,116122,151678,151680],{},[221,151679,1138],{}," work:",[55,151682,151684],{"className":57,"code":151683,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151685,151686],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,151687,151688,151690,151692,151694],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151689,48590],{"class":357},[64,151691,112],{"class":78},[64,151693,1107],{"class":82},[64,151695,119],{"class":78},[20,151697,151698],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151700,151701],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[50,151703,114960],{"id":114959},[20,151705,151706],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[428,151708,151710],{"id":151709},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151712,2668],{},[55,151714,151715],{"className":57,"code":151683,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,151716,151717],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,151718,151719,151721,151723,151725],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151720,48590],{"class":357},[64,151722,112],{"class":78},[64,151724,1107],{"class":82},[64,151726,119],{"class":78},[20,151728,29305],{},[55,151730,151731],{"className":57,"code":63295,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,151732,151733],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,151734,151735,151737,151739,151741,151743,151745,151747,151749,151751],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151736,2835],{"class":357},[64,151738,160],{"class":78},[64,151740,326],{"class":320},[64,151742,2019],{"class":329},[64,151744,333],{"class":320},[64,151746,24239],{"class":357},[64,151748,7698],{"class":74},[64,151750,7701],{"class":74},[64,151752,63318],{"class":70},[20,151754,151755,151756,148],{},"If you see this, read ",[285,151757,61932],{"href":52238},[428,151759,151761],{"id":151760},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151763,151764],{},"This code:",[55,151766,151768],{"className":57,"code":151767,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151769,151770],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,151771,151772,151774,151776,151778,151780,151782],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151773,48590],{"class":357},[64,151775,112],{"class":78},[64,151777,2686],{"class":320},[64,151779,330],{"class":329},[64,151781,2686],{"class":320},[64,151783,119],{"class":78},[20,151785,151786],{},"returns:",[55,151788,151790],{"className":57,"code":151789,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151791,151792],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,151793,151794,151796,151798,151800,151802,151804,151806,151808,151810,151812,151814,151816,151818,151820,151822,151824,151826,151828,151830,151832,151834],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151795,112],{"class":78},[64,151797,333],{"class":320},[64,151799,60079],{"class":329},[64,151801,333],{"class":320},[64,151803,86],{"class":78},[64,151805,326],{"class":320},[64,151807,60088],{"class":329},[64,151809,333],{"class":320},[64,151811,86],{"class":78},[64,151813,326],{"class":320},[64,151815,60097],{"class":329},[64,151817,333],{"class":320},[64,151819,86],{"class":78},[64,151821,326],{"class":320},[64,151823,60097],{"class":329},[64,151825,333],{"class":320},[64,151827,86],{"class":78},[64,151829,326],{"class":320},[64,151831,60114],{"class":329},[64,151833,333],{"class":320},[64,151835,119],{"class":78},[20,151837,40539,151838,151840],{},[221,151839,1138],{}," return:",[55,151842,151844],{"className":57,"code":151843,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"('hello',)\n",[15,151845,151846],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,151847,151848,151850,151852,151854,151856],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151849,112],{"class":78},[64,151851,333],{"class":320},[64,151853,330],{"class":329},[64,151855,333],{"class":320},[64,151857,148987],{"class":78},[20,151859,151860],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[55,151862,151864],{"className":57,"code":151863,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151865,151866,151883],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,151867,151868,151871,151873,151875,151877,151879,151881],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151869,151870],{"class":70},"single ",[64,151872,75],{"class":74},[64,151874,8842],{"class":78},[64,151876,2686],{"class":320},[64,151878,330],{"class":329},[64,151880,2686],{"class":320},[64,151882,148987],{"class":78},[64,151884,151885,151887,151889,151892],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,151886,125],{"class":108},[64,151888,112],{"class":78},[64,151890,151891],{"class":115},"single",[64,151893,119],{"class":78},[428,151895,151897],{"id":151896},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,151899,151764],{},[55,151901,151903],{"className":57,"code":151902,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,151904,151905,151937],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,151906,151907,151909,151911,151913,151915,151917,151919,151921,151923,151925,151927,151929,151931,151933,151935],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151908,8771],{"class":70},[64,151910,75],{"class":74},[64,151912,10098],{"class":78},[64,151914,2686],{"class":320},[64,151916,285],{"class":329},[64,151918,2686],{"class":320},[64,151920,160],{"class":78},[64,151922,5091],{"class":82},[64,151924,86],{"class":78},[64,151926,3184],{"class":320},[64,151928,1269],{"class":329},[64,151930,2686],{"class":320},[64,151932,160],{"class":78},[64,151934,89],{"class":82},[64,151936,8915],{"class":78},[64,151938,151939,151941,151943,151945,151947,151949],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,151940,125],{"class":108},[64,151942,112],{"class":78},[64,151944,48590],{"class":357},[64,151946,112],{"class":78},[64,151948,8810],{"class":115},[64,151950,471],{"class":78},[20,151952,151953],{},"returns only the keys:",[55,151955,151957],{"className":57,"code":151956,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,151958,151959],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,151960,151961,151963,151965,151967,151969,151971,151973,151975,151977],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151962,112],{"class":78},[64,151964,333],{"class":320},[64,151966,285],{"class":329},[64,151968,333],{"class":320},[64,151970,86],{"class":78},[64,151972,326],{"class":320},[64,151974,1269],{"class":329},[64,151976,333],{"class":320},[64,151978,119],{"class":78},[20,151980,151981],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[55,151983,151985],{"className":57,"code":151984,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,151986,151987],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,151988,151989,151991,151993,151995,151997,151999,152001,152003],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,151990,125],{"class":108},[64,151992,112],{"class":78},[64,151994,48590],{"class":357},[64,151996,112],{"class":78},[64,151998,8810],{"class":115},[64,152000,148],{"class":78},[64,152002,7410],{"class":115},[64,152004,5885],{"class":78},[428,152006,152008],{"id":152007},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152010,152011,152012,152014],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152013,37678],{}," conversion.",[20,152016,5065],{},[55,152018,152020],{"className":57,"code":152019,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152021,152022,152042],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,152023,152024,152026,152028,152030,152032,152034,152036,152038,152040],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,152025,2276],{"class":70},[64,152027,75],{"class":74},[64,152029,8842],{"class":78},[64,152031,83],{"class":82},[64,152033,86],{"class":78},[64,152035,89],{"class":82},[64,152037,86],{"class":78},[64,152039,94],{"class":82},[64,152041,119],{"class":78},[64,152043,152044,152046,152048,152050],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,152045,125],{"class":108},[64,152047,112],{"class":78},[64,152049,2302],{"class":115},[64,152051,119],{"class":78},[20,152053,152054],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152056,25128,152057,152059],{},[15,152058,37678],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[50,152061,1651],{"id":1650},[428,152063,152065],{"id":152064},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152067,152068],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[428,152070,152072],{"id":152071},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152074,152075,152076,148],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152077,6964],{},[428,152079,152081],{"id":152080},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152083,152084],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[428,152086,152088],{"id":152087},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152090,152091],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[428,152093,152095],{"id":152094},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152097,152098,152099,148],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152100,2835],{},[50,152102,1717],{"id":1716},[30,152104,152105,152109,152113,152117,152121,152125],{},[33,152106,152107],{},[285,152108,147631],{"href":147630},[33,152110,152111],{},[285,152112,150558],{"href":148934},[33,152114,152115],{},[285,152116,104695],{"href":59696},[33,152118,152119],{},[285,152120,151287],{"href":151286},[33,152122,152123],{},[285,152124,63191],{"href":63190},[33,152126,152127],{},[285,152128,61932],{"href":52238},[1751,152130,152131],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":152133},[152134,152135,152136,152137,152138,152145,152146,152147,152148,152154,152161],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":150761,"depth":100,"text":150762},{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":149307,"depth":100,"text":149308},{"id":150930,"depth":100,"text":150931,"children":152139},[152140,152141,152142,152143,152144],{"id":150934,"depth":122,"text":150935},{"id":151022,"depth":122,"text":151023},{"id":151121,"depth":122,"text":151122},{"id":151201,"depth":122,"text":151202},{"id":151290,"depth":122,"text":151291},{"id":151395,"depth":100,"text":151396},{"id":151565,"depth":100,"text":151566},{"id":151659,"depth":100,"text":151660},{"id":114959,"depth":100,"text":114960,"children":152149},[152150,152151,152152,152153],{"id":151709,"depth":122,"text":151710},{"id":151760,"depth":122,"text":151761},{"id":151896,"depth":122,"text":151897},{"id":152007,"depth":122,"text":152008},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":152155},[152156,152157,152158,152159,152160],{"id":152064,"depth":122,"text":152065},{"id":152071,"depth":122,"text":152072},{"id":152080,"depth":122,"text":152081},{"id":152087,"depth":122,"text":152088},{"id":152094,"depth":122,"text":152095},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150616,"description":152162},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152169,"title":152170,"body":152171,"description":153584,"extension":1791,"meta":153585,"navigation":346,"path":153586,"seo":153587,"stem":153588,"__hash__":153589},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152172,"toc":153556},[152173,152178,152183,152186,152188,152267,152273,152278,152282,152297,152299,152346,152348,152356,152364,152370,152372,152377,152397,152400,152427,152429,152453,152455,152597,152599,152603,152611,152614,152616,152693,152695,152703,152707,152711,152721,152731,152733,152738,152740,152799,152804,152806,152906,152908,152922,152927,152933,152940,152943,152945,153055,153059,153076,153078,153141,153143,153151,153163,153167,153172,153200,153203,153285,153287,153298,153300,153304,153331,153333,153335,153415,153423,153425,153480,153482,153487,153490,153494,153498,153500,153504,153508,153516,153523,153526,153528,153553],[10,152174,147515,152176,10932],{"id":152175},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152177,58608],{},[20,152179,152180,152182],{},[15,152181,148836],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152184,152185],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[50,152187,1833],{"id":1832},[55,152189,152191],{"className":57,"code":152190,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152192,152193,152233,152255],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,152194,152195,152197,152199,152201,152203,152205,152207,152209,152211,152213,152215,152217,152219,152221,152223,152225,152227,152229,152231],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,152196,12690],{"class":70},[64,152198,75],{"class":74},[64,152200,8842],{"class":78},[64,152202,2686],{"class":320},[64,152204,12707],{"class":329},[64,152206,2686],{"class":320},[64,152208,86],{"class":78},[64,152210,3184],{"class":320},[64,152212,12724],{"class":329},[64,152214,2686],{"class":320},[64,152216,86],{"class":78},[64,152218,3184],{"class":320},[64,152220,17074],{"class":329},[64,152222,2686],{"class":320},[64,152224,86],{"class":78},[64,152226,3184],{"class":320},[64,152228,12724],{"class":329},[64,152230,2686],{"class":320},[64,152232,119],{"class":78},[64,152234,152235,152237,152239,152241,152243,152245,152247,152249,152251,152253],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,152236,64561],{"class":70},[64,152238,75],{"class":74},[64,152240,12738],{"class":70},[64,152242,148],{"class":78},[64,152244,35475],{"class":115},[64,152246,112],{"class":78},[64,152248,2686],{"class":320},[64,152250,12724],{"class":329},[64,152252,2686],{"class":320},[64,152254,119],{"class":78},[64,152256,152257,152259,152261,152263,152265],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,152258,125],{"class":108},[64,152260,112],{"class":78},[64,152262,64588],{"class":115},[64,152264,133],{"class":78},[64,152266,27403],{"class":136},[20,152268,152269,152272],{},[15,152270,152271],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[50,152274,152,152276,155],{"id":152275},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152277,148836],{},[20,152279,1808,152280,11023],{},[15,152281,58608],{},[30,152283,152284,152287,152289,152292],{},[33,152285,152286],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[33,152288,128113],{},[33,152290,152291],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[33,152293,152294,152295],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152296,243],{},[20,152298,916],{},[55,152300,152302],{"className":57,"code":152301,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152303,152304,152328],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,152305,152306,152308,152310,152312,152314,152316,152318,152320,152322,152324,152326],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,152307,71],{"class":70},[64,152309,75],{"class":74},[64,152311,8842],{"class":78},[64,152313,2160],{"class":82},[64,152315,86],{"class":78},[64,152317,7390],{"class":82},[64,152319,86],{"class":78},[64,152321,7395],{"class":82},[64,152323,86],{"class":78},[64,152325,7390],{"class":82},[64,152327,119],{"class":78},[64,152329,152330,152332,152334,152336,152338,152340,152342,152344],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,152331,125],{"class":108},[64,152333,112],{"class":78},[64,152335,116],{"class":115},[64,152337,148],{"class":78},[64,152339,35475],{"class":115},[64,152341,112],{"class":78},[64,152343,15371],{"class":82},[64,152345,471],{"class":78},[20,152347,384],{},[55,152349,152350],{"className":57,"code":46553,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,152351,152352],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,152353,152354],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,152355,46553],{"class":82},[20,152357,20598,152358,152360,152361,152363],{},[15,152359,15371],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152362,58608],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152365,150782,152366,148],{},[285,152367,152369],{"href":152368},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[50,152371,1988],{"id":1987},[20,152373,7362,152374,152376],{},[15,152375,58608],{}," in two ways:",[55,152378,152380],{"className":57,"code":152379,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152381,152382],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,152383,152384,152387,152389,152391,152393,152395],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,152385,152386],{"class":70},"tuple_name",[64,152388,148],{"class":78},[64,152390,35475],{"class":115},[64,152392,112],{"class":78},[64,152394,2302],{"class":115},[64,152396,119],{"class":78},[20,152398,152399],{},"or:",[55,152401,152403],{"className":57,"code":152402,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152404,152405],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,152406,152407,152409,152411,152413,152415,152417,152419,152421,152423,152425],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,152408,152386],{"class":70},[64,152410,148],{"class":78},[64,152412,35475],{"class":115},[64,152414,112],{"class":78},[64,152416,2302],{"class":115},[64,152418,86],{"class":78},[64,152420,35681],{"class":115},[64,152422,86],{"class":78},[64,152424,64682],{"class":115},[64,152426,119],{"class":78},[428,152428,17013],{"id":17012},[30,152430,152431,152436,152441,152446],{},[33,152432,152433,152435],{},[15,152434,2302],{}," — the item to search for",[33,152437,152438,152440],{},[15,152439,35702],{}," — optional starting position",[33,152442,152443,152445],{},[15,152444,52299],{}," — optional ending position",[33,152447,152448,1292,152450,152452],{},[15,152449,52299],{},[221,152451,64711],{}," in the search",[20,152454,916],{},[55,152456,152458],{"className":57,"code":152457,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152459,152460,152508,152512,152537,152565],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,152461,152462,152464,152466,152468,152470,152472,152474,152476,152478,152480,152482,152484,152486,152488,152490,152492,152494,152496,152498,152500,152502,152504,152506],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,152463,35720],{"class":70},[64,152465,75],{"class":74},[64,152467,8842],{"class":78},[64,152469,2686],{"class":320},[64,152471,285],{"class":329},[64,152473,2686],{"class":320},[64,152475,86],{"class":78},[64,152477,3184],{"class":320},[64,152479,1269],{"class":329},[64,152481,2686],{"class":320},[64,152483,86],{"class":78},[64,152485,3184],{"class":320},[64,152487,9346],{"class":329},[64,152489,2686],{"class":320},[64,152491,86],{"class":78},[64,152493,3184],{"class":320},[64,152495,1269],{"class":329},[64,152497,2686],{"class":320},[64,152499,86],{"class":78},[64,152501,3184],{"class":320},[64,152503,18387],{"class":329},[64,152505,2686],{"class":320},[64,152507,119],{"class":78},[64,152509,152510],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,152511,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,152513,152514,152516,152518,152520,152522,152524,152526,152528,152530,152532,152534],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,152515,125],{"class":108},[64,152517,112],{"class":78},[64,152519,35773],{"class":115},[64,152521,148],{"class":78},[64,152523,35475],{"class":115},[64,152525,112],{"class":78},[64,152527,2686],{"class":320},[64,152529,1269],{"class":329},[64,152531,2686],{"class":320},[64,152533,4954],{"class":78},[64,152535,152536],{"class":136},"        # 1\n",[64,152538,152539,152541,152543,152545,152547,152549,152551,152553,152555,152557,152559,152561,152563],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,152540,125],{"class":108},[64,152542,112],{"class":78},[64,152544,35773],{"class":115},[64,152546,148],{"class":78},[64,152548,35475],{"class":115},[64,152550,112],{"class":78},[64,152552,2686],{"class":320},[64,152554,1269],{"class":329},[64,152556,2686],{"class":320},[64,152558,86],{"class":78},[64,152560,89],{"class":82},[64,152562,4954],{"class":78},[64,152564,50556],{"class":136},[64,152566,152567,152569,152571,152573,152575,152577,152579,152581,152583,152585,152587,152589,152591,152593,152595],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,152568,125],{"class":108},[64,152570,112],{"class":78},[64,152572,35773],{"class":115},[64,152574,148],{"class":78},[64,152576,35475],{"class":115},[64,152578,112],{"class":78},[64,152580,2686],{"class":320},[64,152582,1269],{"class":329},[64,152584,2686],{"class":320},[64,152586,86],{"class":78},[64,152588,5091],{"class":82},[64,152590,86],{"class":78},[64,152592,94],{"class":82},[64,152594,4954],{"class":78},[64,152596,27403],{"class":136},[50,152598,103022],{"id":103021},[20,152600,152601,25131],{},[15,152602,148836],{},[30,152604,152605,152608],{},[33,152606,152607],{},"An integer",[33,152609,152610],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152612,152613],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152615,916],{},[55,152617,152619],{"className":57,"code":152618,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152620,152621,152661,152683],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,152622,152623,152625,152627,152629,152631,152633,152635,152637,152639,152641,152643,152645,152647,152649,152651,152653,152655,152657,152659],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,152624,108121],{"class":70},[64,152626,75],{"class":74},[64,152628,8842],{"class":78},[64,152630,2686],{"class":320},[64,152632,36678],{"class":329},[64,152634,2686],{"class":320},[64,152636,86],{"class":78},[64,152638,3184],{"class":320},[64,152640,57767],{"class":329},[64,152642,2686],{"class":320},[64,152644,86],{"class":78},[64,152646,3184],{"class":320},[64,152648,57784],{"class":329},[64,152650,2686],{"class":320},[64,152652,86],{"class":78},[64,152654,3184],{"class":320},[64,152656,57767],{"class":329},[64,152658,2686],{"class":320},[64,152660,119],{"class":78},[64,152662,152663,152665,152667,152669,152671,152673,152675,152677,152679,152681],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,152664,103],{"class":70},[64,152666,75],{"class":74},[64,152668,108164],{"class":70},[64,152670,148],{"class":78},[64,152672,35475],{"class":115},[64,152674,112],{"class":78},[64,152676,2686],{"class":320},[64,152678,57767],{"class":329},[64,152680,2686],{"class":320},[64,152682,119],{"class":78},[64,152684,152685,152687,152689,152691],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,152686,125],{"class":108},[64,152688,112],{"class":78},[64,152690,130],{"class":115},[64,152692,119],{"class":78},[20,152694,384],{},[55,152696,152697],{"className":57,"code":46553,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,152698,152699],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,152700,152701],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,152702,46553],{"class":82},[50,152704,152706],{"id":152705},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152708,1923,152709,10209],{},[15,152710,148836],{},[30,152712,152713,152715,152718],{},[33,152714,65740],{},[33,152716,152717],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[33,152719,152720],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152722,152723,152724,152727,152728,148],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152725,152726],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[285,152729,149304],{"href":152730},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[50,152732,65272],{"id":65271},[20,152734,152735,152736,148],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152737,40337],{},[20,152739,916],{},[55,152741,152743],{"className":57,"code":152742,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152744,152745,152777],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,152746,152747,152749,152751,152753,152755,152757,152759,152761,152763,152765,152767,152769,152771,152773,152775],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,152748,12690],{"class":70},[64,152750,75],{"class":74},[64,152752,8842],{"class":78},[64,152754,2686],{"class":320},[64,152756,12707],{"class":329},[64,152758,2686],{"class":320},[64,152760,86],{"class":78},[64,152762,3184],{"class":320},[64,152764,12724],{"class":329},[64,152766,2686],{"class":320},[64,152768,86],{"class":78},[64,152770,3184],{"class":320},[64,152772,17074],{"class":329},[64,152774,2686],{"class":320},[64,152776,119],{"class":78},[64,152778,152779,152781,152783,152785,152787,152789,152791,152793,152795,152797],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,152780,125],{"class":108},[64,152782,112],{"class":78},[64,152784,17121],{"class":115},[64,152786,148],{"class":78},[64,152788,35475],{"class":115},[64,152790,112],{"class":78},[64,152792,2686],{"class":320},[64,152794,22145],{"class":329},[64,152796,2686],{"class":320},[64,152798,471],{"class":78},[20,152800,39286,152801,152803],{},[15,152802,109446],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152805,65347],{},[55,152807,152809],{"className":57,"code":152808,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152810,152811,152843,152847,152863,152885,152891],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,152812,152813,152815,152817,152819,152821,152823,152825,152827,152829,152831,152833,152835,152837,152839,152841],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,152814,12690],{"class":70},[64,152816,75],{"class":74},[64,152818,8842],{"class":78},[64,152820,2686],{"class":320},[64,152822,12707],{"class":329},[64,152824,2686],{"class":320},[64,152826,86],{"class":78},[64,152828,3184],{"class":320},[64,152830,12724],{"class":329},[64,152832,2686],{"class":320},[64,152834,86],{"class":78},[64,152836,3184],{"class":320},[64,152838,17074],{"class":329},[64,152840,2686],{"class":320},[64,152842,119],{"class":78},[64,152844,152845],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,152846,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,152848,152849,152851,152853,152855,152857,152859,152861],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,152850,6595],{"class":368},[64,152852,3184],{"class":320},[64,152854,22145],{"class":329},[64,152856,2686],{"class":320},[64,152858,20794],{"class":74},[64,152860,12738],{"class":70},[64,152862,5989],{"class":78},[64,152864,152865,152867,152869,152871,152873,152875,152877,152879,152881,152883],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,152866,7670],{"class":108},[64,152868,112],{"class":78},[64,152870,17121],{"class":115},[64,152872,148],{"class":78},[64,152874,35475],{"class":115},[64,152876,112],{"class":78},[64,152878,2686],{"class":320},[64,152880,22145],{"class":329},[64,152882,2686],{"class":320},[64,152884,471],{"class":78},[64,152886,152887,152889],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,152888,27057],{"class":368},[64,152890,5989],{"class":78},[64,152892,152893,152895,152897,152899,152902,152904],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,152894,7670],{"class":108},[64,152896,112],{"class":78},[64,152898,2686],{"class":320},[64,152900,152901],{"class":329},"Value not found",[64,152903,2686],{"class":320},[64,152905,119],{"class":78},[20,152907,384],{},[55,152909,152911],{"className":57,"code":152910,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Value not found\n",[15,152912,152913],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,152914,152915,152918,152920],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,152916,152917],{"class":70},"Value ",[64,152919,1138],{"class":74},[64,152921,65471],{"class":70},[20,152923,152924,152925,148],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[285,152926,65481],{"href":65480},[50,152928,8020,152929,896,152931],{"id":65048},[15,152930,35702],{},[15,152932,52299],{},[20,152934,1808,152935,896,152937,152939],{},[15,152936,35702],{},[15,152938,52299],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,152941,152942],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,152944,916],{},[55,152946,152948],{"className":57,"code":152947,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,152949,152950,152978,152982,153003,153027],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,152951,152952,152954,152956,152958,152960,152962,152964,152966,152968,152970,152972,152974,152976],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,152953,304],{"class":70},[64,152955,75],{"class":74},[64,152957,8842],{"class":78},[64,152959,1107],{"class":82},[64,152961,86],{"class":78},[64,152963,5599],{"class":82},[64,152965,86],{"class":78},[64,152967,1112],{"class":82},[64,152969,86],{"class":78},[64,152971,7390],{"class":82},[64,152973,86],{"class":78},[64,152975,1112],{"class":82},[64,152977,119],{"class":78},[64,152979,152980],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,152981,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,152983,152984,152986,152988,152990,152992,152994,152996,152998,153000],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,152985,125],{"class":108},[64,152987,112],{"class":78},[64,152989,4951],{"class":115},[64,152991,148],{"class":78},[64,152993,35475],{"class":115},[64,152995,112],{"class":78},[64,152997,1107],{"class":82},[64,152999,4954],{"class":78},[64,153001,153002],{"class":136},"        # 0\n",[64,153004,153005,153007,153009,153011,153013,153015,153017,153019,153021,153023,153025],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,153006,125],{"class":108},[64,153008,112],{"class":78},[64,153010,4951],{"class":115},[64,153012,148],{"class":78},[64,153014,35475],{"class":115},[64,153016,112],{"class":78},[64,153018,1107],{"class":82},[64,153020,86],{"class":78},[64,153022,5091],{"class":82},[64,153024,4954],{"class":78},[64,153026,50590],{"class":136},[64,153028,153029,153031,153033,153035,153037,153039,153041,153043,153045,153047,153049,153051,153053],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,153030,125],{"class":108},[64,153032,112],{"class":78},[64,153034,4951],{"class":115},[64,153036,148],{"class":78},[64,153038,35475],{"class":115},[64,153040,112],{"class":78},[64,153042,1107],{"class":82},[64,153044,86],{"class":78},[64,153046,94],{"class":82},[64,153048,86],{"class":78},[64,153050,1112],{"class":82},[64,153052,4954],{"class":78},[64,153054,50573],{"class":136},[428,153056,153058],{"id":153057},"how-it-works","How it works",[30,153060,153061,153066,153071],{},[33,153062,153063,153065],{},[15,153064,35702],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[33,153067,153068,153070],{},[15,153069,52299],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[33,153072,1808,153073,153075],{},[15,153074,52299],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153077,916],{},[55,153079,153081],{"className":57,"code":153080,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153082,153083,153111,153115],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,153084,153085,153087,153089,153091,153093,153095,153097,153099,153101,153103,153105,153107,153109],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,153086,304],{"class":70},[64,153088,75],{"class":74},[64,153090,8842],{"class":78},[64,153092,1107],{"class":82},[64,153094,86],{"class":78},[64,153096,5599],{"class":82},[64,153098,86],{"class":78},[64,153100,1112],{"class":82},[64,153102,86],{"class":78},[64,153104,7390],{"class":82},[64,153106,86],{"class":78},[64,153108,1112],{"class":82},[64,153110,119],{"class":78},[64,153112,153113],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,153114,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,153116,153117,153119,153121,153123,153125,153127,153129,153131,153133,153135,153137,153139],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,153118,125],{"class":108},[64,153120,112],{"class":78},[64,153122,4951],{"class":115},[64,153124,148],{"class":78},[64,153126,35475],{"class":115},[64,153128,112],{"class":78},[64,153130,1107],{"class":82},[64,153132,86],{"class":78},[64,153134,5091],{"class":82},[64,153136,86],{"class":78},[64,153138,2286],{"class":82},[64,153140,471],{"class":78},[20,153142,384],{},[55,153144,153145],{"className":57,"code":16674,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,153146,153147],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,153148,153149],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,153150,16674],{"class":82},[20,153152,153153,153154,2020,153156,16690,153158,153160,153161,148],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153155,83],{},[15,153157,815],{},[15,153159,1892],{},", but not ",[15,153162,2334],{},[50,153164,153166],{"id":153165},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153168,153169,153170,160],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153171,148836],{},[30,153173,153174,153182,153187,153194],{},[33,153175,153176,153177,153179,153180],{},"Do not confuse the ",[221,153178,2302],{}," with the ",[221,153181,35475],{},[33,153183,153184,153185],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153186,243],{},[33,153188,1923,153189,153193],{},[285,153190,148862,153191,10349],{"href":148914},[15,153192,56930],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[33,153195,153196,153197,153199],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153198,152726],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153201,153202],{},"Example of value vs index:",[55,153204,153206],{"className":57,"code":153205,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153207,153208,153240,153244,153268],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,153209,153210,153212,153214,153216,153218,153220,153222,153224,153226,153228,153230,153232,153234,153236,153238],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,153211,35869],{"class":70},[64,153213,75],{"class":74},[64,153215,8842],{"class":78},[64,153217,2686],{"class":320},[64,153219,576],{"class":329},[64,153221,2686],{"class":320},[64,153223,86],{"class":78},[64,153225,3184],{"class":320},[64,153227,585],{"class":329},[64,153229,2686],{"class":320},[64,153231,86],{"class":78},[64,153233,3184],{"class":320},[64,153235,32847],{"class":329},[64,153237,2686],{"class":320},[64,153239,119],{"class":78},[64,153241,153242],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,153243,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,153245,153246,153248,153250,153252,153254,153256,153258,153260,153262,153264,153266],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,153247,125],{"class":108},[64,153249,112],{"class":78},[64,153251,35921],{"class":115},[64,153253,148],{"class":78},[64,153255,35475],{"class":115},[64,153257,112],{"class":78},[64,153259,2686],{"class":320},[64,153261,585],{"class":329},[64,153263,2686],{"class":320},[64,153265,4954],{"class":78},[64,153267,27403],{"class":136},[64,153269,153270,153272,153274,153276,153278,153280,153282],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,153271,125],{"class":108},[64,153273,112],{"class":78},[64,153275,35921],{"class":115},[64,153277,394],{"class":78},[64,153279,83],{"class":82},[64,153281,20066],{"class":78},[64,153283,153284],{"class":136},"               # banana\n",[20,153286,2009],{},[30,153288,153289,153293],{},[33,153290,153291,14863],{},[15,153292,64916],{},[33,153294,153295,153297],{},[15,153296,83],{}," is the index",[50,153299,2661],{"id":2660},[20,153301,105760,153302,160],{},[15,153303,148836],{},[30,153305,153306,153309,153314,153319,153326],{},[33,153307,153308],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[33,153310,8056,153311,153313],{},[15,153312,58608],{}," to return all matching positions",[33,153315,153316,153317],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153318,243],{},[33,153320,153321,153322,896,153324],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153323,35702],{},[15,153325,52299],{},[33,153327,36835,153328,153330],{},[15,153329,148836],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[428,153332,60351],{"id":60350},[20,153334,94022],{},[55,153336,153338],{"className":57,"code":153337,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153339,153340,153350,153364,153379,153397],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,153341,153342,153344,153346,153348],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,153343,125],{"class":108},[64,153345,112],{"class":78},[64,153347,147649],{"class":115},[64,153349,119],{"class":78},[64,153351,153352,153354,153356,153358,153360,153362],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,153353,125],{"class":108},[64,153355,112],{"class":78},[64,153357,10771],{"class":108},[64,153359,112],{"class":78},[64,153361,147649],{"class":115},[64,153363,471],{"class":78},[64,153365,153366,153368,153370,153372,153374,153377],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,153367,125],{"class":108},[64,153369,112],{"class":78},[64,153371,2276],{"class":115},[64,153373,375],{"class":368},[64,153375,153376],{"class":115}," my_tuple",[64,153378,119],{"class":78},[64,153380,153381,153383,153385,153387,153389,153391,153393,153395],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,153382,125],{"class":108},[64,153384,112],{"class":78},[64,153386,147649],{"class":115},[64,153388,148],{"class":78},[64,153390,40893],{"class":115},[64,153392,112],{"class":78},[64,153394,2302],{"class":115},[64,153396,471],{"class":78},[64,153398,153399,153401,153403,153405,153407,153409,153411,153413],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,153400,125],{"class":108},[64,153402,112],{"class":78},[64,153404,147649],{"class":115},[64,153406,148],{"class":78},[64,153408,35475],{"class":115},[64,153410,112],{"class":78},[64,153412,2302],{"class":115},[64,153414,471],{"class":78},[20,153416,153417,153418,84039,153420,153422],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153419,40337],{},[15,153421,2302],{}," is missing.",[20,153424,129266],{},[55,153426,153428],{"className":57,"code":153427,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153429,153430,153442,153460,153466],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,153431,153432,153434,153436,153438,153440],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,153433,6595],{"class":368},[64,153435,21205],{"class":70},[64,153437,375],{"class":74},[64,153439,153376],{"class":70},[64,153441,5989],{"class":78},[64,153443,153444,153446,153448,153450,153452,153454,153456,153458],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,153445,7670],{"class":108},[64,153447,112],{"class":78},[64,153449,147649],{"class":115},[64,153451,148],{"class":78},[64,153453,35475],{"class":115},[64,153455,112],{"class":78},[64,153457,2302],{"class":115},[64,153459,471],{"class":78},[64,153461,153462,153464],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,153463,27057],{"class":368},[64,153465,5989],{"class":78},[64,153467,153468,153470,153472,153474,153476,153478],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,153469,7670],{"class":108},[64,153471,112],{"class":78},[64,153473,2686],{"class":320},[64,153475,152901],{"class":329},[64,153477,2686],{"class":320},[64,153479,119],{"class":78},[50,153481,1651],{"id":1650},[428,153483,1655,153485,12329],{"id":153484},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153486,148836],{},[20,153488,153489],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[428,153491,153493],{"id":153492},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153495,153496,152363],{},[15,153497,148836],{},[428,153499,148815],{"id":148814},[20,153501,76500,153502,148],{},[15,153503,40337],{},[428,153505,153507],{"id":153506},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153509,153510,153511,896,153513,153515],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153512,35702],{},[15,153514,52299],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[428,153517,14519,153519,56845,153521,1677],{"id":153518},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153520,148836],{},[15,153522,64507],{},[20,153524,153525],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[50,153527,1717],{"id":1716},[30,153529,153530,153536,153540,153545,153549],{},[33,153531,153532],{},[285,153533,148862,153534,10349],{"href":148914},[15,153535,56930],{},[33,153537,153538],{},[285,153539,149304],{"href":152730},[33,153541,153542],{},[285,153543,153544],{"href":150610},"Creating a tuple in Python",[33,153546,153547],{},[285,153548,65481],{"href":65480},[33,153550,153551],{},[285,153552,150558],{"href":152368},[1751,153554,153555],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":153557},[153558,153559,153561,153564,153565,153566,153567,153570,153571,153574,153583],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":152275,"depth":100,"text":153560},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988,"children":153562},[153563],{"id":17012,"depth":122,"text":17013},{"id":103021,"depth":100,"text":103022},{"id":152705,"depth":100,"text":152706},{"id":65271,"depth":100,"text":65272},{"id":65048,"depth":100,"text":65831,"children":153568},[153569],{"id":153057,"depth":122,"text":153058},{"id":153165,"depth":100,"text":153166},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661,"children":153572},[153573],{"id":60350,"depth":122,"text":60351},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":153575},[153576,153578,153579,153580,153581],{"id":153484,"depth":122,"text":153577},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153492,"depth":122,"text":153493},{"id":148814,"depth":122,"text":148815},{"id":153506,"depth":122,"text":153507},{"id":153518,"depth":122,"text":153582},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152170,"description":153584},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153591,"title":153592,"body":153593,"description":154988,"extension":1791,"meta":154989,"navigation":346,"path":152730,"seo":154990,"stem":154991,"__hash__":154992},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153594,"toc":154970},[153595,153598,153601,153604,153618,153620,153623,153717,153727,153733,153737,153740,153743,153745,153763,153765,153836,153838,153855,153859,153863,153866,153883,153886,153901,153903,153994,153997,154001,154004,154021,154023,154118,154121,154124,154128,154131,154225,154227,154246,154249,154253,154256,154258,154313,154315,154350,154353,154367,154375,154468,154477,154481,154484,154491,154494,154541,154543,154551,154554,154605,154607,154624,154629,154633,154636,154639,154641,154692,154695,154750,154753,154756,154758,154761,154781,154783,154856,154859,154872,154874,154878,154883,154887,154892,154909,154913,154916,154933,154937,154940,154942,154967],[10,153596,153592],{"id":153597},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153599,153600],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153602,153603],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[30,153605,153606,153609,153612,153615],{},[33,153607,153608],{},"positive indexes",[33,153610,153611],{},"negative indexes",[33,153613,153614],{},"common indexing mistakes",[33,153616,153617],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[50,153619,53],{"id":52},[20,153621,153622],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[55,153624,153626],{"className":57,"code":153625,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153627,153628,153660,153664,153681,153698],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,153629,153630,153632,153634,153636,153638,153640,153642,153644,153646,153648,153650,153652,153654,153656,153658],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,153631,12690],{"class":70},[64,153633,75],{"class":74},[64,153635,8842],{"class":78},[64,153637,2686],{"class":320},[64,153639,12707],{"class":329},[64,153641,2686],{"class":320},[64,153643,86],{"class":78},[64,153645,3184],{"class":320},[64,153647,17074],{"class":329},[64,153649,2686],{"class":320},[64,153651,86],{"class":78},[64,153653,3184],{"class":320},[64,153655,12724],{"class":329},[64,153657,2686],{"class":320},[64,153659,119],{"class":78},[64,153661,153662],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,153663,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,153665,153666,153668,153670,153672,153674,153676,153678],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,153667,125],{"class":108},[64,153669,112],{"class":78},[64,153671,17121],{"class":115},[64,153673,394],{"class":78},[64,153675,243],{"class":82},[64,153677,20066],{"class":78},[64,153679,153680],{"class":136},"   # red\n",[64,153682,153683,153685,153687,153689,153691,153693,153695],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,153684,125],{"class":108},[64,153686,112],{"class":78},[64,153688,17121],{"class":115},[64,153690,394],{"class":78},[64,153692,83],{"class":82},[64,153694,20066],{"class":78},[64,153696,153697],{"class":136},"   # green\n",[64,153699,153700,153702,153704,153706,153708,153710,153712,153714],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,153701,125],{"class":108},[64,153703,112],{"class":78},[64,153705,17121],{"class":115},[64,153707,394],{"class":78},[64,153709,1852],{"class":74},[64,153711,83],{"class":82},[64,153713,20066],{"class":78},[64,153715,153716],{"class":136},"  # blue\n",[30,153718,153719,153724],{},[33,153720,132055,153721,153723],{},[15,153722,243],{}," is the first item.",[33,153725,153726],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153728,153729,153730,148],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[285,153731,153732],{"href":147634},"how to create a tuple in Python",[50,153734,153736],{"id":153735},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153738,153739],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153741,153742],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153744,11069],{},[30,153746,153747,153750,153757,153760],{},[33,153748,153749],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[33,153751,153752,153753,18583,153755],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153754,243],{},[15,153756,83],{},[33,153758,153759],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[33,153761,153762],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153764,916],{},[55,153766,153768],{"className":57,"code":153767,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153769,153770,153790,153794,153808,153822],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,153771,153772,153774,153776,153778,153780,153782,153784,153786,153788],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,153773,71],{"class":70},[64,153775,75],{"class":74},[64,153777,8842],{"class":78},[64,153779,2160],{"class":82},[64,153781,86],{"class":78},[64,153783,7390],{"class":82},[64,153785,86],{"class":78},[64,153787,7395],{"class":82},[64,153789,119],{"class":78},[64,153791,153792],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,153793,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,153795,153796,153798,153800,153802,153804,153806],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,153797,125],{"class":108},[64,153799,112],{"class":78},[64,153801,116],{"class":115},[64,153803,394],{"class":78},[64,153805,243],{"class":82},[64,153807,381],{"class":78},[64,153809,153810,153812,153814,153816,153818,153820],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,153811,125],{"class":108},[64,153813,112],{"class":78},[64,153815,116],{"class":115},[64,153817,394],{"class":78},[64,153819,83],{"class":82},[64,153821,381],{"class":78},[64,153823,153824,153826,153828,153830,153832,153834],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,153825,125],{"class":108},[64,153827,112],{"class":78},[64,153829,116],{"class":115},[64,153831,394],{"class":78},[64,153833,815],{"class":82},[64,153835,381],{"class":78},[20,153837,384],{},[55,153839,153841],{"className":57,"code":153840,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153842,153843,153847,153851],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,153844,153845],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,153846,2206],{"class":82},[64,153848,153849],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,153850,70866],{"class":82},[64,153852,153853],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,153854,69482],{"class":82},[20,153856,59033,153857,148],{},[285,153858,147631],{"href":147630},[50,153860,153862],{"id":153861},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,153864,153865],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[30,153867,153868,153873,153878],{},[33,153869,153870,153872],{},[15,153871,243],{}," = first item",[33,153874,153875,153877],{},[15,153876,83],{}," = second item",[33,153879,153880,153882],{},[15,153881,815],{}," = third item",[20,153884,153885],{},"Pattern:",[55,153887,153889],{"className":57,"code":153888,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,153890,153891],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,153892,153893,153895,153897,153899],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,153894,152386],{"class":70},[64,153896,394],{"class":78},[64,153898,35475],{"class":70},[64,153900,97],{"class":78},[20,153902,916],{},[55,153904,153906],{"className":57,"code":153905,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,153907,153908,153940,153944,153961,153977],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,153909,153910,153912,153914,153916,153918,153920,153922,153924,153926,153928,153930,153932,153934,153936,153938],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,153911,35869],{"class":70},[64,153913,75],{"class":74},[64,153915,8842],{"class":78},[64,153917,2686],{"class":320},[64,153919,576],{"class":329},[64,153921,2686],{"class":320},[64,153923,86],{"class":78},[64,153925,3184],{"class":320},[64,153927,585],{"class":329},[64,153929,2686],{"class":320},[64,153931,86],{"class":78},[64,153933,3184],{"class":320},[64,153935,594],{"class":329},[64,153937,2686],{"class":320},[64,153939,119],{"class":78},[64,153941,153942],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,153943,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,153945,153946,153948,153950,153952,153954,153956,153958],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,153947,125],{"class":108},[64,153949,112],{"class":78},[64,153951,35921],{"class":115},[64,153953,394],{"class":78},[64,153955,243],{"class":82},[64,153957,20066],{"class":78},[64,153959,153960],{"class":136},"  # apple\n",[64,153962,153963,153965,153967,153969,153971,153973,153975],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,153964,125],{"class":108},[64,153966,112],{"class":78},[64,153968,35921],{"class":115},[64,153970,394],{"class":78},[64,153972,83],{"class":82},[64,153974,20066],{"class":78},[64,153976,51124],{"class":136},[64,153978,153979,153981,153983,153985,153987,153989,153991],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,153980,125],{"class":108},[64,153982,112],{"class":78},[64,153984,35921],{"class":115},[64,153986,394],{"class":78},[64,153988,815],{"class":82},[64,153990,20066],{"class":78},[64,153992,153993],{"class":136},"  # cherry\n",[20,153995,153996],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[50,153998,154000],{"id":153999},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154002,154003],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[30,154005,154006,154011,154016],{},[33,154007,154008,154010],{},[15,154009,65496],{}," = last item",[33,154012,154013,154015],{},[15,154014,95052],{}," = second-to-last item",[33,154017,154018,154020],{},[15,154019,47307],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154022,916],{},[55,154024,154026],{"className":57,"code":154025,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154027,154028,154060,154064,154082,154100],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,154029,154030,154032,154034,154036,154038,154040,154042,154044,154046,154048,154050,154052,154054,154056,154058],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154031,35869],{"class":70},[64,154033,75],{"class":74},[64,154035,8842],{"class":78},[64,154037,2686],{"class":320},[64,154039,576],{"class":329},[64,154041,2686],{"class":320},[64,154043,86],{"class":78},[64,154045,3184],{"class":320},[64,154047,585],{"class":329},[64,154049,2686],{"class":320},[64,154051,86],{"class":78},[64,154053,3184],{"class":320},[64,154055,594],{"class":329},[64,154057,2686],{"class":320},[64,154059,119],{"class":78},[64,154061,154062],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,154063,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,154065,154066,154068,154070,154072,154074,154076,154078,154080],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,154067,125],{"class":108},[64,154069,112],{"class":78},[64,154071,35921],{"class":115},[64,154073,394],{"class":78},[64,154075,1852],{"class":74},[64,154077,83],{"class":82},[64,154079,20066],{"class":78},[64,154081,153993],{"class":136},[64,154083,154084,154086,154088,154090,154092,154094,154096,154098],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,154085,125],{"class":108},[64,154087,112],{"class":78},[64,154089,35921],{"class":115},[64,154091,394],{"class":78},[64,154093,1852],{"class":74},[64,154095,815],{"class":82},[64,154097,20066],{"class":78},[64,154099,51124],{"class":136},[64,154101,154102,154104,154106,154108,154110,154112,154114,154116],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,154103,125],{"class":108},[64,154105,112],{"class":78},[64,154107,35921],{"class":115},[64,154109,394],{"class":78},[64,154111,1852],{"class":74},[64,154113,1892],{"class":82},[64,154115,20066],{"class":78},[64,154117,153960],{"class":136},[20,154119,154120],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154122,154123],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[50,154125,154127],{"id":154126},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154129,154130],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[55,154132,154134],{"className":57,"code":154133,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154135,154136,154168,154172,154189,154206],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,154137,154138,154140,154142,154144,154146,154148,154150,154152,154154,154156,154158,154160,154162,154164,154166],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154139,1505],{"class":70},[64,154141,75],{"class":74},[64,154143,8842],{"class":78},[64,154145,2686],{"class":320},[64,154147,12494],{"class":329},[64,154149,2686],{"class":320},[64,154151,86],{"class":78},[64,154153,3184],{"class":320},[64,154155,35570],{"class":329},[64,154157,2686],{"class":320},[64,154159,86],{"class":78},[64,154161,3184],{"class":320},[64,154163,35579],{"class":329},[64,154165,2686],{"class":320},[64,154167,119],{"class":78},[64,154169,154170],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,154171,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,154173,154174,154176,154178,154180,154182,154184,154186],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,154175,125],{"class":108},[64,154177,112],{"class":78},[64,154179,1549],{"class":115},[64,154181,394],{"class":78},[64,154183,243],{"class":82},[64,154185,20066],{"class":78},[64,154187,154188],{"class":136},"   # first item\n",[64,154190,154191,154193,154195,154197,154199,154201,154203],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,154192,125],{"class":108},[64,154194,112],{"class":78},[64,154196,1549],{"class":115},[64,154198,394],{"class":78},[64,154200,83],{"class":82},[64,154202,20066],{"class":78},[64,154204,154205],{"class":136},"   # middle item\n",[64,154207,154208,154210,154212,154214,154216,154218,154220,154222],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,154209,125],{"class":108},[64,154211,112],{"class":78},[64,154213,1549],{"class":115},[64,154215,394],{"class":78},[64,154217,1852],{"class":74},[64,154219,83],{"class":82},[64,154221,20066],{"class":78},[64,154223,154224],{"class":136},"  # last item\n",[20,154226,384],{},[55,154228,154230],{"className":57,"code":154229,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154231,154232,154236,154241],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,154233,154234],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154235,49677],{"class":70},[64,154237,154238],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,154239,154240],{"class":70},"Ben\n",[64,154242,154243],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,154244,154245],{"class":70},"Cara\n",[20,154247,154248],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[50,154250,154252],{"id":154251},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154254,154255],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154257,916],{},[55,154259,154261],{"className":57,"code":154260,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154262,154263,154295,154299],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,154264,154265,154267,154269,154271,154273,154275,154277,154279,154281,154283,154285,154287,154289,154291,154293],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154266,35720],{"class":70},[64,154268,75],{"class":74},[64,154270,8842],{"class":78},[64,154272,2686],{"class":320},[64,154274,285],{"class":329},[64,154276,2686],{"class":320},[64,154278,86],{"class":78},[64,154280,3184],{"class":320},[64,154282,1269],{"class":329},[64,154284,2686],{"class":320},[64,154286,86],{"class":78},[64,154288,3184],{"class":320},[64,154290,9346],{"class":329},[64,154292,2686],{"class":320},[64,154294,119],{"class":78},[64,154296,154297],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,154298,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,154300,154301,154303,154305,154307,154309,154311],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,154302,125],{"class":108},[64,154304,112],{"class":78},[64,154306,35773],{"class":115},[64,154308,394],{"class":78},[64,154310,1107],{"class":82},[64,154312,381],{"class":78},[20,154314,384],{},[55,154316,154318],{"className":57,"code":154317,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154319,154320,154332,154337],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,154321,154322,154325,154327,154330],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154323,154324],{"class":115},"Traceback ",[64,154326,112],{"class":78},[64,154328,154329],{"class":115},"most recent call last",[64,154331,7944],{"class":78},[64,154333,154334],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,154335,154336],{"class":34080},"  ...\n",[64,154338,154339,154341,154343,154345,154348],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,154340,70373],{"class":357},[64,154342,160],{"class":78},[64,154344,148997],{"class":357},[64,154346,154347],{"class":70}," index out of ",[64,154349,70565],{"class":108},[20,154351,154352],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[30,154354,154355,154359,154363],{},[33,154356,154357],{},[15,154358,243],{},[33,154360,154361],{},[15,154362,83],{},[33,154364,154365],{},[15,154366,815],{},[20,154368,154369,154370,148],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[285,154371,154372,154374],{"href":148869},[15,154373,41995],{}," on a tuple",[55,154376,154378],{"className":57,"code":154377,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154379,154380,154412,154416,154432,154436,154454],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,154381,154382,154384,154386,154388,154390,154392,154394,154396,154398,154400,154402,154404,154406,154408,154410],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154383,35720],{"class":70},[64,154385,75],{"class":74},[64,154387,8842],{"class":78},[64,154389,2686],{"class":320},[64,154391,285],{"class":329},[64,154393,2686],{"class":320},[64,154395,86],{"class":78},[64,154397,3184],{"class":320},[64,154399,1269],{"class":329},[64,154401,2686],{"class":320},[64,154403,86],{"class":78},[64,154405,3184],{"class":320},[64,154407,9346],{"class":329},[64,154409,2686],{"class":320},[64,154411,119],{"class":78},[64,154413,154414],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,154415,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,154417,154418,154420,154422,154424,154426,154428,154430],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,154419,125],{"class":108},[64,154421,112],{"class":78},[64,154423,10771],{"class":108},[64,154425,112],{"class":78},[64,154427,35773],{"class":115},[64,154429,4954],{"class":78},[64,154431,50408],{"class":136},[64,154433,154434],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,154435,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,154437,154438,154440,154442,154444,154446,154448,154450,154452],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,154439,6595],{"class":368},[64,154441,38018],{"class":108},[64,154443,112],{"class":78},[64,154445,35773],{"class":115},[64,154447,133],{"class":78},[64,154449,38028],{"class":74},[64,154451,89],{"class":82},[64,154453,5989],{"class":78},[64,154455,154456,154458,154460,154462,154464,154466],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,154457,7670],{"class":108},[64,154459,112],{"class":78},[64,154461,35773],{"class":115},[64,154463,394],{"class":78},[64,154465,815],{"class":82},[64,154467,381],{"class":78},[20,154469,154470,154471,148],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[285,154472,25302,154474],{"href":154473},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154475,154476],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[50,154478,154480],{"id":154479},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154482,154483],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[30,154485,154486,154488],{},[33,154487,76517],{},[33,154489,154490],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154492,154493],{},"Indexing example:",[55,154495,154497],{"className":57,"code":154496,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154498,154499,154523,154527],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,154500,154501,154503,154505,154507,154509,154511,154513,154515,154517,154519,154521],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154502,71],{"class":70},[64,154504,75],{"class":74},[64,154506,8842],{"class":78},[64,154508,2160],{"class":82},[64,154510,86],{"class":78},[64,154512,7390],{"class":82},[64,154514,86],{"class":78},[64,154516,7395],{"class":82},[64,154518,86],{"class":78},[64,154520,50481],{"class":82},[64,154522,119],{"class":78},[64,154524,154525],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,154526,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,154528,154529,154531,154533,154535,154537,154539],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,154530,125],{"class":108},[64,154532,112],{"class":78},[64,154534,116],{"class":115},[64,154536,394],{"class":78},[64,154538,83],{"class":82},[64,154540,381],{"class":78},[20,154542,384],{},[55,154544,154545],{"className":57,"code":70866,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,154546,154547],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,154548,154549],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154550,70866],{"class":82},[20,154552,154553],{},"Slicing example:",[55,154555,154557],{"className":57,"code":154556,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154558,154559,154583,154587],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,154560,154561,154563,154565,154567,154569,154571,154573,154575,154577,154579,154581],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154562,71],{"class":70},[64,154564,75],{"class":74},[64,154566,8842],{"class":78},[64,154568,2160],{"class":82},[64,154570,86],{"class":78},[64,154572,7390],{"class":82},[64,154574,86],{"class":78},[64,154576,7395],{"class":82},[64,154578,86],{"class":78},[64,154580,50481],{"class":82},[64,154582,119],{"class":78},[64,154584,154585],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,154586,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,154588,154589,154591,154593,154595,154597,154599,154601,154603],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,154590,125],{"class":108},[64,154592,112],{"class":78},[64,154594,116],{"class":115},[64,154596,394],{"class":78},[64,154598,83],{"class":82},[64,154600,160],{"class":78},[64,154602,1892],{"class":82},[64,154604,381],{"class":78},[20,154606,384],{},[55,154608,154610],{"className":57,"code":154609,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154611,154612],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,154613,154614,154616,154618,154620,154622],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154615,112],{"class":78},[64,154617,15371],{"class":82},[64,154619,86],{"class":78},[64,154621,7395],{"class":82},[64,154623,119],{"class":78},[20,154625,154626,154627,148],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[285,154628,150548],{"href":150547},[50,154630,154632],{"id":154631},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154634,154635],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154637,154638],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154640,6285],{},[55,154642,154644],{"className":57,"code":154643,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154645,154646,154678],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,154647,154648,154650,154652,154654,154656,154658,154660,154662,154664,154666,154668,154670,154672,154674,154676],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154649,12690],{"class":70},[64,154651,75],{"class":74},[64,154653,8842],{"class":78},[64,154655,2686],{"class":320},[64,154657,12707],{"class":329},[64,154659,2686],{"class":320},[64,154661,86],{"class":78},[64,154663,3184],{"class":320},[64,154665,17074],{"class":329},[64,154667,2686],{"class":320},[64,154669,86],{"class":78},[64,154671,3184],{"class":320},[64,154673,12724],{"class":329},[64,154675,2686],{"class":320},[64,154677,119],{"class":78},[64,154679,154680,154682,154684,154686,154688,154690],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,154681,125],{"class":108},[64,154683,112],{"class":78},[64,154685,17121],{"class":115},[64,154687,394],{"class":78},[64,154689,83],{"class":82},[64,154691,381],{"class":78},[20,154693,154694],{},"But this does not work:",[55,154696,154698],{"className":57,"code":154697,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154699,154700,154732],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,154701,154702,154704,154706,154708,154710,154712,154714,154716,154718,154720,154722,154724,154726,154728,154730],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154703,12690],{"class":70},[64,154705,75],{"class":74},[64,154707,8842],{"class":78},[64,154709,2686],{"class":320},[64,154711,12707],{"class":329},[64,154713,2686],{"class":320},[64,154715,86],{"class":78},[64,154717,3184],{"class":320},[64,154719,17074],{"class":329},[64,154721,2686],{"class":320},[64,154723,86],{"class":78},[64,154725,3184],{"class":320},[64,154727,12724],{"class":329},[64,154729,2686],{"class":320},[64,154731,119],{"class":78},[64,154733,154734,154736,154738,154740,154742,154744,154746,154748],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,154735,17121],{"class":70},[64,154737,394],{"class":78},[64,154739,83],{"class":82},[64,154741,12888],{"class":78},[64,154743,12891],{"class":74},[64,154745,3184],{"class":320},[64,154747,22145],{"class":329},[64,154749,3190],{"class":320},[20,154751,154752],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154754,154755],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[50,154757,2661],{"id":2660},[20,154759,154760],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[30,154762,154763,154769,154772,154775],{},[33,154764,132359,154765,10701,154767],{},[15,154766,83],{},[15,154768,243],{},[33,154770,154771],{},"Using an index that is too large",[33,154773,154774],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[33,154776,154777,154778],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154779,154780],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154782,61936],{},[55,154784,154786],{"className":57,"code":154785,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154787,154788,154798,154812,154826,154842],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,154789,154790,154792,154794,154796],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154791,125],{"class":108},[64,154793,112],{"class":78},[64,154795,147649],{"class":115},[64,154797,119],{"class":78},[64,154799,154800,154802,154804,154806,154808,154810],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,154801,125],{"class":108},[64,154803,112],{"class":78},[64,154805,10771],{"class":108},[64,154807,112],{"class":78},[64,154809,147649],{"class":115},[64,154811,471],{"class":78},[64,154813,154814,154816,154818,154820,154822,154824],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,154815,125],{"class":108},[64,154817,112],{"class":78},[64,154819,147649],{"class":115},[64,154821,394],{"class":78},[64,154823,243],{"class":82},[64,154825,381],{"class":78},[64,154827,154828,154830,154832,154834,154836,154838,154840],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,154829,125],{"class":108},[64,154831,112],{"class":78},[64,154833,147649],{"class":115},[64,154835,394],{"class":78},[64,154837,1852],{"class":74},[64,154839,83],{"class":82},[64,154841,381],{"class":78},[64,154843,154844,154846,154848,154850,154852,154854],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,154845,125],{"class":108},[64,154847,112],{"class":78},[64,154849,3052],{"class":357},[64,154851,112],{"class":78},[64,154853,147649],{"class":115},[64,154855,471],{"class":78},[20,154857,154858],{},"These can help you confirm:",[30,154860,154861,154864,154866,154869],{},[33,154862,154863],{},"what the tuple contains",[33,154865,60425],{},[33,154867,154868],{},"what the first and last items are",[33,154870,154871],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[50,154873,1651],{"id":1650},[428,154875,154877],{"id":154876},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,154879,154880,154881,148],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,154882,243],{},[428,154884,154886],{"id":154885},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,154888,1923,154889,154891],{},[15,154890,65496],{}," as the index:",[55,154893,154895],{"className":57,"code":154894,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,154896,154897],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,154898,154899,154901,154903,154905,154907],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154900,147649],{"class":70},[64,154902,394],{"class":78},[64,154904,1852],{"class":74},[64,154906,83],{"class":82},[64,154908,97],{"class":78},[428,154910,154912],{"id":154911},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,154914,154915],{},"Python raises:",[55,154917,154919],{"className":57,"code":154918,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154920,154921],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,154922,154923,154925,154927,154929,154931],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,154924,70373],{"class":357},[64,154926,160],{"class":78},[64,154928,148997],{"class":357},[64,154930,154347],{"class":70},[64,154932,70565],{"class":108},[428,154934,154936],{"id":154935},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,154938,154939],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[50,154941,1717],{"id":1716},[30,154943,154944,154949,154953,154957,154963],{},[33,154945,154946],{},[285,154947,154948],{"href":147634},"How to create a tuple in Python",[33,154950,154951],{},[285,154952,150548],{"href":150547},[33,154954,154955],{},[285,154956,150553],{"href":148869},[33,154958,154959],{},[285,154960,25745,154961],{"href":154473},[15,154962,154476],{},[33,154964,154965],{},[285,154966,147631],{"href":147630},[1751,154968,154969],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":154971},[154972,154973,154974,154975,154976,154977,154978,154979,154980,154981,154987],{"id":52,"depth":100,"text":53},{"id":153735,"depth":100,"text":153736},{"id":153861,"depth":100,"text":153862},{"id":153999,"depth":100,"text":154000},{"id":154126,"depth":100,"text":154127},{"id":154251,"depth":100,"text":154252},{"id":154479,"depth":100,"text":154480},{"id":154631,"depth":100,"text":154632},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":154982},[154983,154984,154985,154986],{"id":154876,"depth":122,"text":154877},{"id":154885,"depth":122,"text":154886},{"id":154911,"depth":122,"text":154912},{"id":154935,"depth":122,"text":154936},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153592,"description":154988},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":154994,"title":154995,"body":154996,"description":156885,"extension":1791,"meta":156886,"navigation":346,"path":156887,"seo":156888,"stem":156889,"__hash__":156890},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":154997,"toc":156842},[154998,155004,155009,155060,155064,155072,155078,155080,155096,155098,155101,155116,155118,155131,155133,155190,155194,155202,155209,155215,155221,155225,155276,155280,155288,155292,155321,155325,155333,155337,155370,155374,155382,155386,155389,155440,155444,155452,155454,155471,155475,155479,155538,155542,155550,155553,155580,155584,155592,155596,155602,155677,155681,155718,155726,155730,155793,155797,155805,155810,155814,155820,155863,155867,155875,155881,155884,155931,155935,155943,155952,155958,156013,156017,156025,156028,156032,156034,156065,156069,156088,156091,156136,156140,156163,156169,156174,156176,156223,156228,156231,156279,156283,156291,156295,156300,156304,156354,156358,156373,156377,156435,156439,156454,156458,156529,156533,156542,156546,156625,156629,156651,156659,156661,156664,156689,156691,156744,156746,156763,156765,156769,156775,156780,156785,156789,156794,156798,156803,156809,156812,156814,156839],[10,154999,155001,155002,133],{"id":155000},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155003,10771],{},[20,155005,1923,155006,155008],{},[15,155007,41995],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[55,155010,155012],{"className":57,"code":155011,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155013,155014,155046],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,155015,155016,155018,155020,155022,155024,155026,155028,155030,155032,155034,155036,155038,155040,155042,155044],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155017,12690],{"class":70},[64,155019,75],{"class":74},[64,155021,8842],{"class":78},[64,155023,2686],{"class":320},[64,155025,12707],{"class":329},[64,155027,2686],{"class":320},[64,155029,86],{"class":78},[64,155031,3184],{"class":320},[64,155033,17074],{"class":329},[64,155035,2686],{"class":320},[64,155037,86],{"class":78},[64,155039,3184],{"class":320},[64,155041,12724],{"class":329},[64,155043,2686],{"class":320},[64,155045,119],{"class":78},[64,155047,155048,155050,155052,155054,155056,155058],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,155049,125],{"class":108},[64,155051,112],{"class":78},[64,155053,10771],{"class":108},[64,155055,112],{"class":78},[64,155057,17121],{"class":115},[64,155059,471],{"class":78},[20,155061,155062],{},[221,155063,384],{},[55,155065,155066],{"className":57,"code":46253,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,155067,155068],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,155069,155070],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155071,46253],{"class":82},[20,155073,1923,155074,155077],{},[15,155075,155076],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[50,155079,14779],{"id":14778},[30,155081,155082,155087,155091,155094],{},[33,155083,696,155084,155086],{},[15,155085,41995],{}," works with tuples",[33,155088,67900,155089,11317],{},[15,155090,41995],{},[33,155092,155093],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[33,155095,1023],{},[50,155097,1988],{"id":1987},[20,155099,155100],{},"Use this pattern:",[55,155102,155104],{"className":57,"code":155103,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155105,155106],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,155107,155108,155110,155112,155114],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155109,10771],{"class":108},[64,155111,112],{"class":78},[64,155113,147649],{"class":115},[64,155115,119],{"class":78},[20,155117,11069],{},[30,155119,155120,155123,155126],{},[33,155121,155122],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[33,155124,155125],{},"The result is an integer",[33,155127,155128,155130],{},[15,155129,41995],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155132,916],{},[55,155134,155136],{"className":57,"code":155135,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155137,155138,155162,155176,155180],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,155139,155140,155142,155144,155146,155148,155150,155152,155154,155156,155158,155160],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155141,71],{"class":70},[64,155143,75],{"class":74},[64,155145,8842],{"class":78},[64,155147,2160],{"class":82},[64,155149,86],{"class":78},[64,155151,7390],{"class":82},[64,155153,86],{"class":78},[64,155155,7395],{"class":82},[64,155157,86],{"class":78},[64,155159,50481],{"class":82},[64,155161,119],{"class":78},[64,155163,155164,155166,155168,155170,155172,155174],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,155165,40875],{"class":70},[64,155167,75],{"class":74},[64,155169,38018],{"class":108},[64,155171,112],{"class":78},[64,155173,116],{"class":115},[64,155175,119],{"class":78},[64,155177,155178],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,155179,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,155181,155182,155184,155186,155188],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,155183,125],{"class":108},[64,155185,112],{"class":78},[64,155187,40893],{"class":115},[64,155189,119],{"class":78},[20,155191,155192],{},[221,155193,384],{},[55,155195,155196],{"className":57,"code":48287,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,155197,155198],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,155199,155200],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155201,48287],{"class":82},[20,155203,155204,155205,148],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[285,155206,13,155207,1713],{"href":41992},[15,155208,41995],{},[50,155210,152,155212,155214],{"id":155211},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155213,41995],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155216,155217,155218,155220],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155219,41995],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[428,155222,155224],{"id":155223},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[55,155226,155228],{"className":57,"code":155227,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155229,155230,155262],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,155231,155232,155234,155236,155238,155240,155242,155244,155246,155248,155250,155252,155254,155256,155258,155260],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155233,35869],{"class":70},[64,155235,75],{"class":74},[64,155237,8842],{"class":78},[64,155239,2686],{"class":320},[64,155241,576],{"class":329},[64,155243,2686],{"class":320},[64,155245,86],{"class":78},[64,155247,3184],{"class":320},[64,155249,585],{"class":329},[64,155251,2686],{"class":320},[64,155253,86],{"class":78},[64,155255,3184],{"class":320},[64,155257,32847],{"class":329},[64,155259,2686],{"class":320},[64,155261,119],{"class":78},[64,155263,155264,155266,155268,155270,155272,155274],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,155265,125],{"class":108},[64,155267,112],{"class":78},[64,155269,10771],{"class":108},[64,155271,112],{"class":78},[64,155273,35921],{"class":115},[64,155275,471],{"class":78},[20,155277,155278],{},[221,155279,384],{},[55,155281,155282],{"className":57,"code":46253,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,155283,155284],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,155285,155286],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155287,46253],{"class":82},[428,155289,155291],{"id":155290},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[55,155293,155295],{"className":57,"code":155294,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155296,155297,155306],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,155298,155299,155302,155304],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155300,155301],{"class":70},"empty_tuple ",[64,155303,75],{"class":74},[64,155305,148973],{"class":78},[64,155307,155308,155310,155312,155314,155316,155319],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,155309,125],{"class":108},[64,155311,112],{"class":78},[64,155313,10771],{"class":108},[64,155315,112],{"class":78},[64,155317,155318],{"class":115},"empty_tuple",[64,155320,471],{"class":78},[20,155322,155323],{},[221,155324,384],{},[55,155326,155327],{"className":57,"code":46888,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,155328,155329],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,155330,155331],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155332,46888],{"class":82},[428,155334,155336],{"id":155335},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[55,155338,155340],{"className":57,"code":155339,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155341,155342,155355],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,155343,155344,155347,155349,155351,155353],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155345,155346],{"class":70},"single_value ",[64,155348,75],{"class":74},[64,155350,8842],{"class":78},[64,155352,1107],{"class":82},[64,155354,148987],{"class":78},[64,155356,155357,155359,155361,155363,155365,155368],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,155358,125],{"class":108},[64,155360,112],{"class":78},[64,155362,10771],{"class":108},[64,155364,112],{"class":78},[64,155366,155367],{"class":115},"single_value",[64,155369,471],{"class":78},[20,155371,155372],{},[221,155373,384],{},[55,155375,155376],{"className":57,"code":46553,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,155377,155378],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,155379,155380],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155381,46553],{"class":82},[428,155383,155385],{"id":155384},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155387,155388],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[55,155390,155392],{"className":57,"code":155391,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155393,155394,155426],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,155395,155396,155398,155400,155402,155404,155406,155408,155410,155412,155414,155416,155418,155420,155422,155424],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155397,8771],{"class":70},[64,155399,75],{"class":74},[64,155401,8842],{"class":78},[64,155403,83],{"class":82},[64,155405,86],{"class":78},[64,155407,8842],{"class":78},[64,155409,815],{"class":82},[64,155411,86],{"class":78},[64,155413,94],{"class":82},[64,155415,8839],{"class":78},[64,155417,79],{"class":78},[64,155419,2334],{"class":82},[64,155421,86],{"class":78},[64,155423,1112],{"class":82},[64,155425,381],{"class":78},[64,155427,155428,155430,155432,155434,155436,155438],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,155429,125],{"class":108},[64,155431,112],{"class":78},[64,155433,10771],{"class":108},[64,155435,112],{"class":78},[64,155437,8810],{"class":115},[64,155439,471],{"class":78},[20,155441,155442],{},[221,155443,384],{},[55,155445,155446],{"className":57,"code":46253,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,155447,155448],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,155449,155450],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155451,46253],{"class":82},[20,155453,19577],{},[30,155455,155456,155461,155466],{},[33,155457,155458,155460],{},[15,155459,83],{}," is one item",[33,155462,155463,155460],{},[15,155464,155465],{},"(2, 3)",[33,155467,155468,155460],{},[15,155469,155470],{},"[4, 5]",[50,155472,155474],{"id":155473},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[428,155476,155478],{"id":155477},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[55,155480,155482],{"className":57,"code":155481,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155483,155484,155524],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,155485,155486,155488,155490,155492,155494,155496,155498,155500,155502,155504,155506,155508,155510,155512,155514,155516,155518,155520,155522],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155487,12690],{"class":70},[64,155489,75],{"class":74},[64,155491,8842],{"class":78},[64,155493,2686],{"class":320},[64,155495,12707],{"class":329},[64,155497,2686],{"class":320},[64,155499,86],{"class":78},[64,155501,3184],{"class":320},[64,155503,17074],{"class":329},[64,155505,2686],{"class":320},[64,155507,86],{"class":78},[64,155509,3184],{"class":320},[64,155511,12724],{"class":329},[64,155513,2686],{"class":320},[64,155515,86],{"class":78},[64,155517,3184],{"class":320},[64,155519,22145],{"class":329},[64,155521,2686],{"class":320},[64,155523,119],{"class":78},[64,155525,155526,155528,155530,155532,155534,155536],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,155527,125],{"class":108},[64,155529,112],{"class":78},[64,155531,10771],{"class":108},[64,155533,112],{"class":78},[64,155535,17121],{"class":115},[64,155537,471],{"class":78},[20,155539,155540],{},[221,155541,384],{},[55,155543,155544],{"className":57,"code":48287,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,155545,155546],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,155547,155548],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155549,48287],{"class":82},[428,155551,155291],{"id":155552},"empty-tuple-1",[55,155554,155556],{"className":57,"code":155555,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155557,155558,155566],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,155559,155560,155562,155564],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155561,7379],{"class":70},[64,155563,75],{"class":74},[64,155565,148973],{"class":78},[64,155567,155568,155570,155572,155574,155576,155578],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,155569,125],{"class":108},[64,155571,112],{"class":78},[64,155573,10771],{"class":108},[64,155575,112],{"class":78},[64,155577,7410],{"class":115},[64,155579,471],{"class":78},[20,155581,155582],{},[221,155583,384],{},[55,155585,155586],{"className":57,"code":46888,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,155587,155588],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,155589,155590],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155591,46888],{"class":82},[428,155593,155595],{"id":155594},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155597,155598,155599,155601],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[221,155600,1138],{}," always a tuple.",[55,155603,155605],{"className":57,"code":155604,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155606,155607,155619,155631,155635,155649,155663],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,155608,155609,155611,155613,155615,155617],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155610,2384],{"class":70},[64,155612,75],{"class":74},[64,155614,8842],{"class":78},[64,155616,1107],{"class":82},[64,155618,119],{"class":78},[64,155620,155621,155623,155625,155627,155629],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,155622,2412],{"class":70},[64,155624,75],{"class":74},[64,155626,8842],{"class":78},[64,155628,1107],{"class":82},[64,155630,148987],{"class":78},[64,155632,155633],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,155634,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,155636,155637,155639,155641,155643,155645,155647],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,155638,125],{"class":108},[64,155640,112],{"class":78},[64,155642,3052],{"class":357},[64,155644,112],{"class":78},[64,155646,285],{"class":115},[64,155648,471],{"class":78},[64,155650,155651,155653,155655,155657,155659,155661],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,155652,125],{"class":108},[64,155654,112],{"class":78},[64,155656,3052],{"class":357},[64,155658,112],{"class":78},[64,155660,1269],{"class":115},[64,155662,471],{"class":78},[64,155664,155665,155667,155669,155671,155673,155675],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,155666,125],{"class":108},[64,155668,112],{"class":78},[64,155670,10771],{"class":108},[64,155672,112],{"class":78},[64,155674,1269],{"class":115},[64,155676,471],{"class":78},[20,155678,155679],{},[221,155680,384],{},[55,155682,155684],{"className":57,"code":155683,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155685,155686,155700,155714],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,155687,155688,155690,155692,155694,155696,155698],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155689,3121],{"class":74},[64,155691,3124],{"class":1895},[64,155693,326],{"class":320},[64,155695,2019],{"class":329},[64,155697,333],{"class":320},[64,155699,3133],{"class":74},[64,155701,155702,155704,155706,155708,155710,155712],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,155703,3121],{"class":74},[64,155705,3124],{"class":1895},[64,155707,326],{"class":320},[64,155709,48590],{"class":329},[64,155711,333],{"class":320},[64,155713,3133],{"class":74},[64,155715,155716],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,155717,46553],{"class":82},[20,155719,155720,155721,896,155724,148],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[285,155722,155723],{"href":147634},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[285,155725,148935],{"href":148934},[428,155727,155729],{"id":155728},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[55,155731,155733],{"className":57,"code":155732,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155734,155735,155779],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,155736,155737,155739,155741,155743,155745,155747,155749,155751,155753,155755,155757,155759,155761,155763,155765,155767,155769,155771,155773,155775,155777],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155738,59113],{"class":70},[64,155740,75],{"class":74},[64,155742,8842],{"class":78},[64,155744,2686],{"class":320},[64,155746,576],{"class":329},[64,155748,2686],{"class":320},[64,155750,86],{"class":78},[64,155752,79],{"class":78},[64,155754,83],{"class":82},[64,155756,86],{"class":78},[64,155758,89],{"class":82},[64,155760,17681],{"class":78},[64,155762,8842],{"class":78},[64,155764,2686],{"class":320},[64,155766,363],{"class":329},[64,155768,2686],{"class":320},[64,155770,86],{"class":78},[64,155772,3184],{"class":320},[64,155774,11357],{"class":329},[64,155776,2686],{"class":320},[64,155778,471],{"class":78},[64,155780,155781,155783,155785,155787,155789,155791],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,155782,125],{"class":108},[64,155784,112],{"class":78},[64,155786,10771],{"class":108},[64,155788,112],{"class":78},[64,155790,59166],{"class":115},[64,155792,471],{"class":78},[20,155794,155795],{},[221,155796,384],{},[55,155798,155799],{"className":57,"code":46253,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,155800,155801],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,155802,155803],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155804,46253],{"class":82},[20,155806,155807,155809],{},[15,155808,41995],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[50,155811,155813],{"id":155812},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[428,155815,155817,155819],{"id":155816},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155818,41995],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[55,155821,155823],{"className":57,"code":155822,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155824,155825,155849],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,155826,155827,155829,155831,155833,155835,155837,155839,155841,155843,155845,155847],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155828,567],{"class":70},[64,155830,75],{"class":74},[64,155832,8842],{"class":78},[64,155834,2686],{"class":320},[64,155836,63237],{"class":329},[64,155838,2686],{"class":320},[64,155840,86],{"class":78},[64,155842,3184],{"class":320},[64,155844,59],{"class":329},[64,155846,2686],{"class":320},[64,155848,119],{"class":78},[64,155850,155851,155853,155855,155857,155859,155861],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,155852,125],{"class":108},[64,155854,112],{"class":78},[64,155856,10771],{"class":108},[64,155858,112],{"class":78},[64,155860,611],{"class":115},[64,155862,471],{"class":78},[20,155864,155865],{},[221,155866,384],{},[55,155868,155869],{"className":57,"code":16674,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,155870,155871],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,155872,155873],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155874,16674],{"class":82},[20,155876,155877,155878,155880],{},"This result is ",[15,155879,815],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,155882,155883],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[55,155885,155887],{"className":57,"code":155886,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,155888,155889,155913],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,155890,155891,155893,155895,155897,155899,155901,155903,155905,155907,155909,155911],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155892,567],{"class":70},[64,155894,75],{"class":74},[64,155896,8842],{"class":78},[64,155898,2686],{"class":320},[64,155900,63237],{"class":329},[64,155902,2686],{"class":320},[64,155904,86],{"class":78},[64,155906,3184],{"class":320},[64,155908,59],{"class":329},[64,155910,2686],{"class":320},[64,155912,119],{"class":78},[64,155914,155915,155917,155919,155921,155923,155925,155927,155929],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,155916,125],{"class":108},[64,155918,112],{"class":78},[64,155920,10771],{"class":108},[64,155922,112],{"class":78},[64,155924,611],{"class":115},[64,155926,394],{"class":78},[64,155928,243],{"class":82},[64,155930,1081],{"class":78},[20,155932,155933],{},[221,155934,384],{},[55,155936,155937],{"className":57,"code":16674,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,155938,155939],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,155940,155941],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155942,16674],{"class":82},[20,155944,20391,155945,155948,155949,148],{},[15,155946,155947],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,155950,155951],{},"\"hi\"",[428,155953,155955,155957],{"id":155954},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,155956,41995],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[55,155959,155961],{"className":57,"code":155960,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,155962,155963,155999],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,155964,155965,155967,155969,155971,155973,155975,155977,155979,155981,155983,155985,155987,155989,155991,155993,155995,155997],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,155966,304],{"class":70},[64,155968,75],{"class":74},[64,155970,9602],{"class":78},[64,155972,83],{"class":82},[64,155974,86],{"class":78},[64,155976,89],{"class":82},[64,155978,8839],{"class":78},[64,155980,8842],{"class":78},[64,155982,1892],{"class":82},[64,155984,86],{"class":78},[64,155986,2286],{"class":82},[64,155988,8839],{"class":78},[64,155990,8842],{"class":78},[64,155992,1107],{"class":82},[64,155994,86],{"class":78},[64,155996,37275],{"class":82},[64,155998,471],{"class":78},[64,156000,156001,156003,156005,156007,156009,156011],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,156002,125],{"class":108},[64,156004,112],{"class":78},[64,156006,10771],{"class":108},[64,156008,112],{"class":78},[64,156010,4951],{"class":115},[64,156012,471],{"class":78},[20,156014,156015],{},[221,156016,384],{},[55,156018,156019],{"className":57,"code":46253,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,156020,156021],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,156022,156023],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156024,46253],{"class":82},[20,156026,156027],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[428,156029,156031],{"id":156030},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156033,25313],{},[55,156035,156037],{"className":57,"code":156036,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156038,156039,156051],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,156040,156041,156043,156045,156047,156049],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156042,2276],{"class":70},[64,156044,75],{"class":74},[64,156046,8842],{"class":78},[64,156048,2160],{"class":82},[64,156050,119],{"class":78},[64,156052,156053,156055,156057,156059,156061,156063],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,156054,125],{"class":108},[64,156056,112],{"class":78},[64,156058,3052],{"class":357},[64,156060,112],{"class":78},[64,156062,2302],{"class":115},[64,156064,471],{"class":78},[20,156066,156067],{},[221,156068,384],{},[55,156070,156072],{"className":57,"code":156071,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156073,156074],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,156075,156076,156078,156080,156082,156084,156086],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156077,3121],{"class":74},[64,156079,3124],{"class":1895},[64,156081,326],{"class":320},[64,156083,2019],{"class":329},[64,156085,333],{"class":320},[64,156087,3133],{"class":74},[20,156089,156090],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[55,156092,156094],{"className":57,"code":156093,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156095,156096,156108,156122],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,156097,156098,156100,156102,156104,156106],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156099,2276],{"class":70},[64,156101,75],{"class":74},[64,156103,8842],{"class":78},[64,156105,2160],{"class":82},[64,156107,148987],{"class":78},[64,156109,156110,156112,156114,156116,156118,156120],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,156111,125],{"class":108},[64,156113,112],{"class":78},[64,156115,3052],{"class":357},[64,156117,112],{"class":78},[64,156119,2302],{"class":115},[64,156121,471],{"class":78},[64,156123,156124,156126,156128,156130,156132,156134],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,156125,125],{"class":108},[64,156127,112],{"class":78},[64,156129,10771],{"class":108},[64,156131,112],{"class":78},[64,156133,2302],{"class":115},[64,156135,471],{"class":78},[20,156137,156138],{},[221,156139,384],{},[55,156141,156143],{"className":57,"code":156142,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156144,156145,156159],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,156146,156147,156149,156151,156153,156155,156157],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156148,3121],{"class":74},[64,156150,3124],{"class":1895},[64,156152,326],{"class":320},[64,156154,48590],{"class":329},[64,156156,333],{"class":320},[64,156158,3133],{"class":74},[64,156160,156161],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,156162,46553],{"class":82},[428,156164,156166,156168],{"id":156165},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156167,10771],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156170,44064,156171,156173],{},[15,156172,10771],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156175,44095],{},[55,156177,156179],{"className":57,"code":156178,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156180,156181,156189,156209],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,156182,156183,156185,156187],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156184,10771],{"class":108},[64,156186,12891],{"class":74},[64,156188,2417],{"class":82},[64,156190,156191,156193,156195,156197,156199,156201,156203,156205,156207],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,156192,71],{"class":70},[64,156194,75],{"class":74},[64,156196,8842],{"class":78},[64,156198,83],{"class":82},[64,156200,86],{"class":78},[64,156202,89],{"class":82},[64,156204,86],{"class":78},[64,156206,94],{"class":82},[64,156208,119],{"class":78},[64,156210,156211,156213,156215,156217,156219,156221],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,156212,125],{"class":108},[64,156214,112],{"class":78},[64,156216,10771],{"class":108},[64,156218,112],{"class":78},[64,156220,116],{"class":115},[64,156222,471],{"class":78},[20,156224,39286,156225,156227],{},[15,156226,10771],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156229,156230],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[55,156232,156234],{"className":57,"code":156233,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156235,156236,156245,156265],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,156237,156238,156241,156243],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156239,156240],{"class":70},"length_value ",[64,156242,75],{"class":74},[64,156244,2417],{"class":82},[64,156246,156247,156249,156251,156253,156255,156257,156259,156261,156263],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,156248,71],{"class":70},[64,156250,75],{"class":74},[64,156252,8842],{"class":78},[64,156254,83],{"class":82},[64,156256,86],{"class":78},[64,156258,89],{"class":82},[64,156260,86],{"class":78},[64,156262,94],{"class":82},[64,156264,119],{"class":78},[64,156266,156267,156269,156271,156273,156275,156277],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,156268,125],{"class":108},[64,156270,112],{"class":78},[64,156272,10771],{"class":108},[64,156274,112],{"class":78},[64,156276,116],{"class":115},[64,156278,471],{"class":78},[20,156280,156281],{},[221,156282,384],{},[55,156284,156285],{"className":57,"code":46253,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,156286,156287],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,156288,156289],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156290,46253],{"class":82},[50,156292,156294],{"id":156293},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156296,156297,156299],{},[15,156298,41995],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[428,156301,156303],{"id":156302},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[55,156305,156307],{"className":57,"code":156306,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156308,156309,156317,156321,156339],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,156310,156311,156313,156315],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156312,7379],{"class":70},[64,156314,75],{"class":74},[64,156316,148973],{"class":78},[64,156318,156319],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,156320,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,156322,156323,156325,156327,156329,156331,156333,156335,156337],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,156324,6595],{"class":368},[64,156326,38018],{"class":108},[64,156328,112],{"class":78},[64,156330,7410],{"class":115},[64,156332,133],{"class":78},[64,156334,6004],{"class":74},[64,156336,315],{"class":82},[64,156338,5989],{"class":78},[64,156340,156341,156343,156345,156347,156350,156352],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,156342,7670],{"class":108},[64,156344,112],{"class":78},[64,156346,2686],{"class":320},[64,156348,156349],{"class":329},"The tuple is empty",[64,156351,2686],{"class":320},[64,156353,119],{"class":78},[20,156355,156356],{},[221,156357,384],{},[55,156359,156361],{"className":57,"code":156360,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156362,156363],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,156364,156365,156367,156369,156371],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156366,1808],{"class":70},[64,156368,48590],{"class":357},[64,156370,7698],{"class":74},[64,156372,7704],{"class":70},[428,156374,156376],{"id":156375},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[55,156378,156380],{"className":57,"code":156379,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156381,156382,156398,156402,156420],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,156383,156384,156386,156388,156390,156392,156394,156396],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156385,51023],{"class":70},[64,156387,75],{"class":74},[64,156389,8842],{"class":78},[64,156391,2334],{"class":82},[64,156393,86],{"class":78},[64,156395,5588],{"class":82},[64,156397,119],{"class":78},[64,156399,156400],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,156401,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,156403,156404,156406,156408,156410,156412,156414,156416,156418],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,156405,6595],{"class":368},[64,156407,38018],{"class":108},[64,156409,112],{"class":78},[64,156411,51048],{"class":115},[64,156413,133],{"class":78},[64,156415,6004],{"class":74},[64,156417,89],{"class":82},[64,156419,5989],{"class":78},[64,156421,156422,156424,156426,156428,156431,156433],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,156423,7670],{"class":108},[64,156425,112],{"class":78},[64,156427,2686],{"class":320},[64,156429,156430],{"class":329},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[64,156432,2686],{"class":320},[64,156434,119],{"class":78},[20,156436,156437],{},[221,156438,384],{},[55,156440,156442],{"className":57,"code":156441,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156443,156444],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,156445,156446,156449,156451],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156447,156448],{"class":70},"This looks like an x",[64,156450,86],{"class":78},[64,156452,156453],{"class":70}," y coordinate\n",[428,156455,156457],{"id":156456},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[55,156459,156461],{"className":57,"code":156460,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156462,156463,156492,156496,156514],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,156464,156465,156467,156469,156471,156473,156475,156477,156479,156481,156483,156485,156488,156490],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156466,11099],{"class":70},[64,156468,75],{"class":74},[64,156470,8842],{"class":78},[64,156472,2686],{"class":320},[64,156474,12494],{"class":329},[64,156476,2686],{"class":320},[64,156478,86],{"class":78},[64,156480,8912],{"class":82},[64,156482,86],{"class":78},[64,156484,3184],{"class":320},[64,156486,156487],{"class":329},"Canada",[64,156489,2686],{"class":320},[64,156491,119],{"class":78},[64,156493,156494],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,156495,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,156497,156498,156500,156502,156504,156506,156508,156510,156512],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,156499,6595],{"class":368},[64,156501,38018],{"class":108},[64,156503,112],{"class":78},[64,156505,11193],{"class":115},[64,156507,133],{"class":78},[64,156509,6004],{"class":74},[64,156511,94],{"class":82},[64,156513,5989],{"class":78},[64,156515,156516,156518,156520,156522,156525,156527],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,156517,7670],{"class":108},[64,156519,112],{"class":78},[64,156521,2686],{"class":320},[64,156523,156524],{"class":329},"User record has the expected number of values",[64,156526,2686],{"class":320},[64,156528,119],{"class":78},[20,156530,156531],{},[221,156532,384],{},[55,156534,156536],{"className":57,"code":156535,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156537,156538],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,156539,156540],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156541,156535],{"class":70},[428,156543,156545],{"id":156544},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[55,156547,156549],{"className":57,"code":156548,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156550,156551,156583,156587,156607],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,156552,156553,156555,156557,156559,156561,156563,156565,156567,156569,156571,156573,156575,156577,156579,156581],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156554,35720],{"class":70},[64,156556,75],{"class":74},[64,156558,8842],{"class":78},[64,156560,2686],{"class":320},[64,156562,285],{"class":329},[64,156564,2686],{"class":320},[64,156566,86],{"class":78},[64,156568,3184],{"class":320},[64,156570,1269],{"class":329},[64,156572,2686],{"class":320},[64,156574,86],{"class":78},[64,156576,3184],{"class":320},[64,156578,9346],{"class":329},[64,156580,2686],{"class":320},[64,156582,119],{"class":78},[64,156584,156585],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,156586,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,156588,156589,156591,156593,156595,156597,156599,156601,156603,156605],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,156590,5552],{"class":368},[64,156592,69190],{"class":70},[64,156594,375],{"class":368},[64,156596,53709],{"class":108},[64,156598,112],{"class":78},[64,156600,10771],{"class":108},[64,156602,112],{"class":78},[64,156604,35773],{"class":115},[64,156606,69205],{"class":78},[64,156608,156609,156611,156613,156615,156617,156619,156621,156623],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,156610,7670],{"class":108},[64,156612,112],{"class":78},[64,156614,35784],{"class":115},[64,156616,86],{"class":78},[64,156618,69738],{"class":115},[64,156620,394],{"class":78},[64,156622,35784],{"class":115},[64,156624,381],{"class":78},[20,156626,156627],{},[221,156628,384],{},[55,156630,156631],{"className":57,"code":35796,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,156632,156633,156639,156645],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,156634,156635,156637],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156636,243],{"class":82},[64,156638,35805],{"class":70},[64,156640,156641,156643],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,156642,83],{"class":82},[64,156644,35812],{"class":70},[64,156646,156647,156649],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,156648,815],{"class":82},[64,156650,35819],{"class":70},[20,156652,156653,156654,156656,156657,148],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[285,156655,149304],{"href":149303},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[285,156658,150548],{"href":150547},[50,156660,2661],{"id":2660},[20,156662,156663],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[30,156665,156666,156674,156681,156686],{},[33,156667,156668,156669,10701,156672],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156670,156671],{},"(5)",[15,156673,149138],{},[33,156675,8020,156676,156678,156679],{},[15,156677,10771],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156680,41995],{},[33,156682,8056,156683,156685],{},[15,156684,41995],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[33,156687,156688],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156690,31708],{},[55,156692,156694],{"className":57,"code":156693,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156695,156696,156706,156720,156734],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,156697,156698,156700,156702,156704],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156699,125],{"class":108},[64,156701,112],{"class":78},[64,156703,147649],{"class":115},[64,156705,119],{"class":78},[64,156707,156708,156710,156712,156714,156716,156718],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,156709,125],{"class":108},[64,156711,112],{"class":78},[64,156713,3052],{"class":357},[64,156715,112],{"class":78},[64,156717,147649],{"class":115},[64,156719,471],{"class":78},[64,156721,156722,156724,156726,156728,156730,156732],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,156723,125],{"class":108},[64,156725,112],{"class":78},[64,156727,10771],{"class":108},[64,156729,112],{"class":78},[64,156731,147649],{"class":115},[64,156733,471],{"class":78},[64,156735,156736,156738,156740,156742],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,156737,31778],{"class":108},[64,156739,112],{"class":78},[64,156741,10771],{"class":108},[64,156743,119],{"class":78},[20,156745,154858],{},[30,156747,156748,156751,156754,156758],{},[33,156749,156750],{},"what value you are using",[33,156752,156753],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[33,156755,25642,156756,11317],{},[15,156757,41995],{},[33,156759,123022,156760,156762],{},[15,156761,41995],{}," is documented in Python",[50,156764,1651],{"id":1650},[428,156766,156768],{"id":156767},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156770,1923,156771,156774],{},[15,156772,156773],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[428,156776,12317,156778,148808],{"id":156777},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156779,41995],{},[20,156781,46001,156782,156784],{},[15,156783,41995],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[428,156786,156788],{"id":156787},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156790,156791,156792,148],{},"The length is ",[15,156793,243],{},[428,156795,156797],{"id":156796},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156799,150494,156800,156802],{},[15,156801,150497],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[428,156804,12317,156806,156808],{"id":156805},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156807,41995],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156810,156811],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[50,156813,1717],{"id":1716},[30,156815,156816,156822,156826,156830,156834],{},[33,156817,156818],{},[285,156819,13,156820,1713],{"href":41992},[15,156821,41995],{},[33,156823,156824],{},[285,156825,155723],{"href":147634},[33,156827,156828],{},[285,156829,149304],{"href":149303},[33,156831,156832],{},[285,156833,150548],{"href":150547},[33,156835,156836],{},[285,156837,156838],{"href":148934},"What is a tuple in Python",[1751,156840,156841],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":156843},[156844,156845,156846,156853,156859,156868,156874,156875,156884],{"id":14778,"depth":100,"text":14779},{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":155211,"depth":100,"text":156847,"children":156848},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156849,156850,156851,156852],{"id":155223,"depth":122,"text":155224},{"id":155290,"depth":122,"text":155291},{"id":155335,"depth":122,"text":155336},{"id":155384,"depth":122,"text":155385},{"id":155473,"depth":100,"text":155474,"children":156854},[156855,156856,156857,156858],{"id":155477,"depth":122,"text":155478},{"id":155552,"depth":122,"text":155291},{"id":155594,"depth":122,"text":155595},{"id":155728,"depth":122,"text":155729},{"id":155812,"depth":100,"text":155813,"children":156860},[156861,156863,156865,156866],{"id":155816,"depth":122,"text":156862},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":155954,"depth":122,"text":156864},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156030,"depth":122,"text":156031},{"id":156165,"depth":122,"text":156867},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156293,"depth":100,"text":156294,"children":156869},[156870,156871,156872,156873],{"id":156302,"depth":122,"text":156303},{"id":156375,"depth":122,"text":156376},{"id":156456,"depth":122,"text":156457},{"id":156544,"depth":122,"text":156545},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":156876},[156877,156878,156880,156881,156882],{"id":156767,"depth":122,"text":156768},{"id":156777,"depth":122,"text":156879},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156787,"depth":122,"text":156788},{"id":156796,"depth":122,"text":156797},{"id":156805,"depth":122,"text":156883},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":154995,"description":156885},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156892,"title":156893,"body":156894,"description":159279,"extension":1791,"meta":159280,"navigation":346,"path":159281,"seo":159282,"stem":159283,"__hash__":159284},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156895,"toc":159240},[156896,156899,156902,156905,156928,156934,156936,157047,157051,157054,157064,157066,157165,157167,157244,157250,157254,157257,157280,157283,157300,157303,157305,157368,157370,157387,157398,157403,157405,157408,157414,157465,157467,157487,157491,157542,157544,157565,157569,157624,157626,157647,157651,157706,157708,157729,157733,157786,157788,157817,157819,157821,157824,157828,157885,157887,157908,157912,157965,157967,157992,157997,158001,158006,158024,158027,158090,158092,158113,158116,158177,158179,158200,158203,158246,158249,158253,158258,158262,158341,158343,158374,158378,158453,158455,158482,158486,158533,158535,158543,158548,158552,158555,158570,158572,158660,158662,158687,158690,158733,158742,158744,158747,158762,158765,158769,158823,158825,158845,158850,158854,158856,158894,158897,158947,158951,159024,159026,159063,159066,159068,159071,159091,159094,159163,159165,159178,159180,159184,159187,159191,159194,159199,159202,159208,159213,159215,159237],[10,156897,156893],{"id":156898},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,156900,156901],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,156903,156904],{},"Use this format:",[55,156906,156908],{"className":57,"code":156907,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156909,156910],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,156911,156912,156914,156916,156918,156920,156922,156924,156926],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156913,48590],{"class":70},[64,156915,394],{"class":78},[64,156917,35702],{"class":70},[64,156919,160],{"class":78},[64,156921,75068],{"class":70},[64,156923,160],{"class":78},[64,156925,75071],{"class":70},[64,156927,97],{"class":78},[20,156929,1808,156930,75104,156932,148],{},[15,156931,75068],{},[221,156933,64711],{},[50,156935,1833],{"id":1832},[55,156937,156939],{"className":57,"code":156938,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,156940,156941,156969,156973,156994,157011,157028],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,156942,156943,156945,156947,156949,156951,156953,156955,156957,156959,156961,156963,156965,156967],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,156944,71],{"class":70},[64,156946,75],{"class":74},[64,156948,8842],{"class":78},[64,156950,2160],{"class":82},[64,156952,86],{"class":78},[64,156954,7390],{"class":82},[64,156956,86],{"class":78},[64,156958,7395],{"class":82},[64,156960,86],{"class":78},[64,156962,50481],{"class":82},[64,156964,86],{"class":78},[64,156966,1591],{"class":82},[64,156968,119],{"class":78},[64,156970,156971],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,156972,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,156974,156975,156977,156979,156981,156983,156985,156987,156989,156991],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,156976,125],{"class":108},[64,156978,112],{"class":78},[64,156980,116],{"class":115},[64,156982,394],{"class":78},[64,156984,83],{"class":82},[64,156986,160],{"class":78},[64,156988,2334],{"class":82},[64,156990,20066],{"class":78},[64,156992,156993],{"class":136},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[64,156995,156996,156998,157000,157002,157004,157006,157008],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,156997,125],{"class":108},[64,156999,112],{"class":78},[64,157001,116],{"class":115},[64,157003,75177],{"class":78},[64,157005,1892],{"class":82},[64,157007,20066],{"class":78},[64,157009,157010],{"class":136},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[64,157012,157013,157015,157017,157019,157021,157023,157025],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,157014,125],{"class":108},[64,157016,112],{"class":78},[64,157018,116],{"class":115},[64,157020,73764],{"class":78},[64,157022,815],{"class":82},[64,157024,20066],{"class":78},[64,157026,157027],{"class":136},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[64,157029,157030,157032,157034,157036,157038,157040,157042,157044],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,157031,125],{"class":108},[64,157033,112],{"class":78},[64,157035,116],{"class":115},[64,157037,73764],{"class":78},[64,157039,1852],{"class":74},[64,157041,83],{"class":82},[64,157043,20066],{"class":78},[64,157045,157046],{"class":136},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[50,157048,157050],{"id":157049},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157052,157053],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[30,157055,157056,157058,157061],{},[33,157057,75371],{},[33,157059,157060],{},"The result is a new tuple",[33,157062,157063],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157065,916],{},[55,157067,157069],{"className":57,"code":157068,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157070,157071,157119,157123,157141,157145,157155],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,157072,157073,157075,157077,157079,157081,157083,157085,157087,157089,157091,157093,157095,157097,157099,157101,157103,157105,157107,157109,157111,157113,157115,157117],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157074,35720],{"class":70},[64,157076,75],{"class":74},[64,157078,8842],{"class":78},[64,157080,2686],{"class":320},[64,157082,285],{"class":329},[64,157084,2686],{"class":320},[64,157086,86],{"class":78},[64,157088,3184],{"class":320},[64,157090,1269],{"class":329},[64,157092,2686],{"class":320},[64,157094,86],{"class":78},[64,157096,3184],{"class":320},[64,157098,9346],{"class":329},[64,157100,2686],{"class":320},[64,157102,86],{"class":78},[64,157104,3184],{"class":320},[64,157106,18387],{"class":329},[64,157108,2686],{"class":320},[64,157110,86],{"class":78},[64,157112,3184],{"class":320},[64,157114,60088],{"class":329},[64,157116,2686],{"class":320},[64,157118,119],{"class":78},[64,157120,157121],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,157122,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,157124,157125,157127,157129,157131,157133,157135,157137,157139],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,157126,75301],{"class":70},[64,157128,75],{"class":74},[64,157130,69738],{"class":70},[64,157132,394],{"class":78},[64,157134,83],{"class":82},[64,157136,160],{"class":78},[64,157138,2334],{"class":82},[64,157140,97],{"class":78},[64,157142,157143],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,157144,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,157146,157147,157149,157151,157153],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,157148,125],{"class":108},[64,157150,112],{"class":78},[64,157152,75324],{"class":115},[64,157154,119],{"class":78},[64,157156,157157,157159,157161,157163],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,157158,125],{"class":108},[64,157160,112],{"class":78},[64,157162,35773],{"class":115},[64,157164,119],{"class":78},[20,157166,384],{},[55,157168,157170],{"className":57,"code":157169,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157171,157172,157200],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,157173,157174,157176,157178,157180,157182,157184,157186,157188,157190,157192,157194,157196,157198],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157175,112],{"class":78},[64,157177,333],{"class":320},[64,157179,1269],{"class":329},[64,157181,333],{"class":320},[64,157183,86],{"class":78},[64,157185,326],{"class":320},[64,157187,9346],{"class":329},[64,157189,333],{"class":320},[64,157191,86],{"class":78},[64,157193,326],{"class":320},[64,157195,18387],{"class":329},[64,157197,333],{"class":320},[64,157199,119],{"class":78},[64,157201,157202,157204,157206,157208,157210,157212,157214,157216,157218,157220,157222,157224,157226,157228,157230,157232,157234,157236,157238,157240,157242],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,157203,112],{"class":78},[64,157205,333],{"class":320},[64,157207,285],{"class":329},[64,157209,333],{"class":320},[64,157211,86],{"class":78},[64,157213,326],{"class":320},[64,157215,1269],{"class":329},[64,157217,333],{"class":320},[64,157219,86],{"class":78},[64,157221,326],{"class":320},[64,157223,9346],{"class":329},[64,157225,333],{"class":320},[64,157227,86],{"class":78},[64,157229,326],{"class":320},[64,157231,18387],{"class":329},[64,157233,333],{"class":320},[64,157235,86],{"class":78},[64,157237,326],{"class":320},[64,157239,60088],{"class":329},[64,157241,333],{"class":320},[64,157243,119],{"class":78},[20,157245,157246,157247,148],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[285,157248,147631],{"href":157249},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[50,157251,157253],{"id":157252},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157255,157256],{},"The full syntax is:",[55,157258,157260],{"className":57,"code":157259,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157261,157262],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,157263,157264,157266,157268,157270,157272,157274,157276,157278],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157265,147649],{"class":70},[64,157267,394],{"class":78},[64,157269,35702],{"class":70},[64,157271,160],{"class":78},[64,157273,75068],{"class":70},[64,157275,160],{"class":78},[64,157277,75071],{"class":70},[64,157279,97],{"class":78},[20,157281,157282],{},"Each part has a job:",[30,157284,157285,157290,157295],{},[33,157286,157287,157289],{},[15,157288,35702],{},": where slicing begins",[33,157291,157292,157294],{},[15,157293,75068],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[33,157296,157297,157299],{},[15,157298,75071],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157301,157302],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157304,916],{},[55,157306,157308],{"className":57,"code":157307,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157309,157310,157342,157346],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,157311,157312,157314,157316,157318,157320,157322,157324,157326,157328,157330,157332,157334,157336,157338,157340],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157313,71],{"class":70},[64,157315,75],{"class":74},[64,157317,8842],{"class":78},[64,157319,2160],{"class":82},[64,157321,86],{"class":78},[64,157323,7390],{"class":82},[64,157325,86],{"class":78},[64,157327,7395],{"class":82},[64,157329,86],{"class":78},[64,157331,50481],{"class":82},[64,157333,86],{"class":78},[64,157335,1591],{"class":82},[64,157337,86],{"class":78},[64,157339,75742],{"class":82},[64,157341,119],{"class":78},[64,157343,157344],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,157345,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,157347,157348,157350,157352,157354,157356,157358,157360,157362,157364,157366],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,157349,125],{"class":108},[64,157351,112],{"class":78},[64,157353,116],{"class":115},[64,157355,394],{"class":78},[64,157357,83],{"class":82},[64,157359,160],{"class":78},[64,157361,1107],{"class":82},[64,157363,160],{"class":78},[64,157365,815],{"class":82},[64,157367,381],{"class":78},[20,157369,384],{},[55,157371,157373],{"className":57,"code":157372,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157374,157375],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,157376,157377,157379,157381,157383,157385],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157378,112],{"class":78},[64,157380,15371],{"class":82},[64,157382,86],{"class":78},[64,157384,50481],{"class":82},[64,157386,119],{"class":78},[20,157388,157389,157390,157392,157393,157395,157396,148],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157391,83],{},", stops before index ",[15,157394,1107],{},", and moves by ",[15,157397,815],{},[20,157399,157400,157401,148],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[285,157402,149304],{"href":152730},[50,157404,75658],{"id":75657},[20,157406,157407],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[428,157409,157411,157412,5560],{"id":157410},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157413,75672],{},[55,157415,157417],{"className":57,"code":157416,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157418,157419,157447,157451],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,157420,157421,157423,157425,157427,157429,157431,157433,157435,157437,157439,157441,157443,157445],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157422,71],{"class":70},[64,157424,75],{"class":74},[64,157426,8842],{"class":78},[64,157428,2160],{"class":82},[64,157430,86],{"class":78},[64,157432,7390],{"class":82},[64,157434,86],{"class":78},[64,157436,7395],{"class":82},[64,157438,86],{"class":78},[64,157440,50481],{"class":82},[64,157442,86],{"class":78},[64,157444,1591],{"class":82},[64,157446,119],{"class":78},[64,157448,157449],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,157450,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,157452,157453,157455,157457,157459,157461,157463],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,157454,125],{"class":108},[64,157456,112],{"class":78},[64,157458,116],{"class":115},[64,157460,75177],{"class":78},[64,157462,1892],{"class":82},[64,157464,381],{"class":78},[20,157466,384],{},[55,157468,157469],{"className":57,"code":150996,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,157470,157471],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,157472,157473,157475,157477,157479,157481,157483,157485],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157474,112],{"class":78},[64,157476,2160],{"class":82},[64,157478,86],{"class":78},[64,157480,7390],{"class":82},[64,157482,86],{"class":78},[64,157484,7395],{"class":82},[64,157486,119],{"class":78},[428,157488,157490],{"id":157489},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[55,157492,157494],{"className":57,"code":157493,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157495,157496,157524,157528],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,157497,157498,157500,157502,157504,157506,157508,157510,157512,157514,157516,157518,157520,157522],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157499,71],{"class":70},[64,157501,75],{"class":74},[64,157503,8842],{"class":78},[64,157505,2160],{"class":82},[64,157507,86],{"class":78},[64,157509,7390],{"class":82},[64,157511,86],{"class":78},[64,157513,7395],{"class":82},[64,157515,86],{"class":78},[64,157517,50481],{"class":82},[64,157519,86],{"class":78},[64,157521,1591],{"class":82},[64,157523,119],{"class":78},[64,157525,157526],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,157527,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,157529,157530,157532,157534,157536,157538,157540],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,157531,125],{"class":108},[64,157533,112],{"class":78},[64,157535,116],{"class":115},[64,157537,394],{"class":78},[64,157539,815],{"class":82},[64,157541,77358],{"class":78},[20,157543,384],{},[55,157545,157547],{"className":57,"code":157546,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157548,157549],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,157550,157551,157553,157555,157557,157559,157561,157563],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157552,112],{"class":78},[64,157554,36472],{"class":82},[64,157556,86],{"class":78},[64,157558,50481],{"class":82},[64,157560,86],{"class":78},[64,157562,1591],{"class":82},[64,157564,119],{"class":78},[428,157566,157568],{"id":157567},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[55,157570,157572],{"className":57,"code":157571,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157573,157574,157602,157606],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,157575,157576,157578,157580,157582,157584,157586,157588,157590,157592,157594,157596,157598,157600],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157577,71],{"class":70},[64,157579,75],{"class":74},[64,157581,8842],{"class":78},[64,157583,2160],{"class":82},[64,157585,86],{"class":78},[64,157587,7390],{"class":82},[64,157589,86],{"class":78},[64,157591,7395],{"class":82},[64,157593,86],{"class":78},[64,157595,50481],{"class":82},[64,157597,86],{"class":78},[64,157599,1591],{"class":82},[64,157601,119],{"class":78},[64,157603,157604],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,157605,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,157607,157608,157610,157612,157614,157616,157618,157620,157622],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,157609,125],{"class":108},[64,157611,112],{"class":78},[64,157613,116],{"class":115},[64,157615,394],{"class":78},[64,157617,83],{"class":82},[64,157619,160],{"class":78},[64,157621,2334],{"class":82},[64,157623,381],{"class":78},[20,157625,384],{},[55,157627,157629],{"className":57,"code":157628,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157630,157631],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,157632,157633,157635,157637,157639,157641,157643,157645],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157634,112],{"class":78},[64,157636,15371],{"class":82},[64,157638,86],{"class":78},[64,157640,7395],{"class":82},[64,157642,86],{"class":78},[64,157644,50481],{"class":82},[64,157646,119],{"class":78},[428,157648,157650],{"id":157649},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[55,157652,157654],{"className":57,"code":157653,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157655,157656,157688,157692],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,157657,157658,157660,157662,157664,157666,157668,157670,157672,157674,157676,157678,157680,157682,157684,157686],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157659,71],{"class":70},[64,157661,75],{"class":74},[64,157663,8842],{"class":78},[64,157665,2160],{"class":82},[64,157667,86],{"class":78},[64,157669,7390],{"class":82},[64,157671,86],{"class":78},[64,157673,7395],{"class":82},[64,157675,86],{"class":78},[64,157677,50481],{"class":82},[64,157679,86],{"class":78},[64,157681,1591],{"class":82},[64,157683,86],{"class":78},[64,157685,75742],{"class":82},[64,157687,119],{"class":78},[64,157689,157690],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,157691,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,157693,157694,157696,157698,157700,157702,157704],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,157695,125],{"class":108},[64,157697,112],{"class":78},[64,157699,116],{"class":115},[64,157701,73764],{"class":78},[64,157703,815],{"class":82},[64,157705,381],{"class":78},[20,157707,384],{},[55,157709,157711],{"className":57,"code":157710,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157712,157713],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,157714,157715,157717,157719,157721,157723,157725,157727],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157716,112],{"class":78},[64,157718,2160],{"class":82},[64,157720,86],{"class":78},[64,157722,7395],{"class":82},[64,157724,86],{"class":78},[64,157726,1591],{"class":82},[64,157728,119],{"class":78},[428,157730,157732],{"id":157731},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[55,157734,157736],{"className":57,"code":157735,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157737,157738,157766,157770],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,157739,157740,157742,157744,157746,157748,157750,157752,157754,157756,157758,157760,157762,157764],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157741,71],{"class":70},[64,157743,75],{"class":74},[64,157745,8842],{"class":78},[64,157747,2160],{"class":82},[64,157749,86],{"class":78},[64,157751,7390],{"class":82},[64,157753,86],{"class":78},[64,157755,7395],{"class":82},[64,157757,86],{"class":78},[64,157759,50481],{"class":82},[64,157761,86],{"class":78},[64,157763,1591],{"class":82},[64,157765,119],{"class":78},[64,157767,157768],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,157769,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,157771,157772,157774,157776,157778,157780,157782,157784],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,157773,125],{"class":108},[64,157775,112],{"class":78},[64,157777,116],{"class":115},[64,157779,73764],{"class":78},[64,157781,1852],{"class":74},[64,157783,83],{"class":82},[64,157785,381],{"class":78},[20,157787,384],{},[55,157789,157791],{"className":57,"code":157790,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157792,157793],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,157794,157795,157797,157799,157801,157803,157805,157807,157809,157811,157813,157815],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157796,112],{"class":78},[64,157798,76436],{"class":82},[64,157800,86],{"class":78},[64,157802,50481],{"class":82},[64,157804,86],{"class":78},[64,157806,7395],{"class":82},[64,157808,86],{"class":78},[64,157810,7390],{"class":82},[64,157812,86],{"class":78},[64,157814,5599],{"class":82},[64,157816,119],{"class":78},[50,157818,75952],{"id":75951},[20,157820,154003],{},[20,157822,157823],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[428,157825,157827],{"id":157826},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[55,157829,157831],{"className":57,"code":157830,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157832,157833,157865,157869],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,157834,157835,157837,157839,157841,157843,157845,157847,157849,157851,157853,157855,157857,157859,157861,157863],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157836,71],{"class":70},[64,157838,75],{"class":74},[64,157840,8842],{"class":78},[64,157842,2160],{"class":82},[64,157844,86],{"class":78},[64,157846,7390],{"class":82},[64,157848,86],{"class":78},[64,157850,7395],{"class":82},[64,157852,86],{"class":78},[64,157854,50481],{"class":82},[64,157856,86],{"class":78},[64,157858,1591],{"class":82},[64,157860,86],{"class":78},[64,157862,75742],{"class":82},[64,157864,119],{"class":78},[64,157866,157867],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,157868,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,157870,157871,157873,157875,157877,157879,157881,157883],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,157872,125],{"class":108},[64,157874,112],{"class":78},[64,157876,116],{"class":115},[64,157878,394],{"class":78},[64,157880,1852],{"class":74},[64,157882,1892],{"class":82},[64,157884,77358],{"class":78},[20,157886,384],{},[55,157888,157890],{"className":57,"code":157889,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,157891,157892],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,157893,157894,157896,157898,157900,157902,157904,157906],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157895,112],{"class":78},[64,157897,56332],{"class":82},[64,157899,86],{"class":78},[64,157901,1591],{"class":82},[64,157903,86],{"class":78},[64,157905,75742],{"class":82},[64,157907,119],{"class":78},[428,157909,157911],{"id":157910},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[55,157913,157915],{"className":57,"code":157914,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,157916,157917,157945,157949],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,157918,157919,157921,157923,157925,157927,157929,157931,157933,157935,157937,157939,157941,157943],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157920,71],{"class":70},[64,157922,75],{"class":74},[64,157924,8842],{"class":78},[64,157926,2160],{"class":82},[64,157928,86],{"class":78},[64,157930,7390],{"class":82},[64,157932,86],{"class":78},[64,157934,7395],{"class":82},[64,157936,86],{"class":78},[64,157938,50481],{"class":82},[64,157940,86],{"class":78},[64,157942,1591],{"class":82},[64,157944,119],{"class":78},[64,157946,157947],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,157948,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,157950,157951,157953,157955,157957,157959,157961,157963],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,157952,125],{"class":108},[64,157954,112],{"class":78},[64,157956,116],{"class":115},[64,157958,75177],{"class":78},[64,157960,1852],{"class":74},[64,157962,83],{"class":82},[64,157964,381],{"class":78},[20,157966,384],{},[55,157968,157970],{"className":57,"code":157969,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157971,157972],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,157973,157974,157976,157978,157980,157982,157984,157986,157988,157990],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,157975,112],{"class":78},[64,157977,2160],{"class":82},[64,157979,86],{"class":78},[64,157981,7390],{"class":82},[64,157983,86],{"class":78},[64,157985,7395],{"class":82},[64,157987,86],{"class":78},[64,157989,50481],{"class":82},[64,157991,119],{"class":78},[20,157993,157994,157995,148],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[285,157996,150553],{"href":156887},[50,157998,158000],{"id":157999},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158002,1808,158003,158005],{},[15,158004,75071],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[30,158007,158008,158010,158012,158018],{},[33,158009,76208],{},[33,158011,76211],{},[33,158013,158014,158017],{},[15,158015,158016],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[33,158019,158020,158021,158023],{},"A step of ",[15,158022,243],{}," is not allowed",[20,158025,158026],{},"Example with a positive step:",[55,158028,158030],{"className":57,"code":158029,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158031,158032,158064,158068],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,158033,158034,158036,158038,158040,158042,158044,158046,158048,158050,158052,158054,158056,158058,158060,158062],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158035,71],{"class":70},[64,158037,75],{"class":74},[64,158039,8842],{"class":78},[64,158041,2160],{"class":82},[64,158043,86],{"class":78},[64,158045,7390],{"class":82},[64,158047,86],{"class":78},[64,158049,7395],{"class":82},[64,158051,86],{"class":78},[64,158053,50481],{"class":82},[64,158055,86],{"class":78},[64,158057,1591],{"class":82},[64,158059,86],{"class":78},[64,158061,75742],{"class":82},[64,158063,119],{"class":78},[64,158065,158066],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,158067,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,158069,158070,158072,158074,158076,158078,158080,158082,158084,158086,158088],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,158071,125],{"class":108},[64,158073,112],{"class":78},[64,158075,116],{"class":115},[64,158077,394],{"class":78},[64,158079,83],{"class":82},[64,158081,160],{"class":78},[64,158083,80236],{"class":82},[64,158085,160],{"class":78},[64,158087,815],{"class":82},[64,158089,381],{"class":78},[20,158091,384],{},[55,158093,158095],{"className":57,"code":158094,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158096,158097],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,158098,158099,158101,158103,158105,158107,158109,158111],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158100,112],{"class":78},[64,158102,15371],{"class":82},[64,158104,86],{"class":78},[64,158106,50481],{"class":82},[64,158108,86],{"class":78},[64,158110,75742],{"class":82},[64,158112,119],{"class":78},[20,158114,158115],{},"Example with a negative step:",[55,158117,158119],{"className":57,"code":158118,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158120,158121,158149,158153],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,158122,158123,158125,158127,158129,158131,158133,158135,158137,158139,158141,158143,158145,158147],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158124,71],{"class":70},[64,158126,75],{"class":74},[64,158128,8842],{"class":78},[64,158130,2160],{"class":82},[64,158132,86],{"class":78},[64,158134,7390],{"class":82},[64,158136,86],{"class":78},[64,158138,7395],{"class":82},[64,158140,86],{"class":78},[64,158142,50481],{"class":82},[64,158144,86],{"class":78},[64,158146,1591],{"class":82},[64,158148,119],{"class":78},[64,158150,158151],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,158152,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,158154,158155,158157,158159,158161,158163,158165,158167,158169,158171,158173,158175],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,158156,125],{"class":108},[64,158158,112],{"class":78},[64,158160,116],{"class":115},[64,158162,394],{"class":78},[64,158164,2334],{"class":82},[64,158166,160],{"class":78},[64,158168,83],{"class":82},[64,158170,160],{"class":78},[64,158172,1852],{"class":74},[64,158174,83],{"class":82},[64,158176,381],{"class":78},[20,158178,384],{},[55,158180,158182],{"className":57,"code":158181,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158183,158184],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,158185,158186,158188,158190,158192,158194,158196,158198],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158187,112],{"class":78},[64,158189,76436],{"class":82},[64,158191,86],{"class":78},[64,158193,50481],{"class":82},[64,158195,86],{"class":78},[64,158197,7395],{"class":82},[64,158199,119],{"class":78},[20,158201,158202],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[55,158204,158206],{"className":57,"code":158205,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158207,158208,158228,158232],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,158209,158210,158212,158214,158216,158218,158220,158222,158224,158226],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158211,71],{"class":70},[64,158213,75],{"class":74},[64,158215,8842],{"class":78},[64,158217,2160],{"class":82},[64,158219,86],{"class":78},[64,158221,7390],{"class":82},[64,158223,86],{"class":78},[64,158225,7395],{"class":82},[64,158227,119],{"class":78},[64,158229,158230],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,158231,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,158233,158234,158236,158238,158240,158242,158244],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,158235,125],{"class":108},[64,158237,112],{"class":78},[64,158239,116],{"class":115},[64,158241,73764],{"class":78},[64,158243,243],{"class":82},[64,158245,381],{"class":78},[20,158247,158248],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[50,158250,158252],{"id":158251},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158254,158255,158256,33368],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[221,158257,48590],{},[428,158259,158261],{"id":158260},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[55,158263,158265],{"className":57,"code":158264,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158266,158267,158291,158295,158313,158317,158327],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,158268,158269,158271,158273,158275,158277,158279,158281,158283,158285,158287,158289],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158270,71],{"class":70},[64,158272,75],{"class":74},[64,158274,8842],{"class":78},[64,158276,2160],{"class":82},[64,158278,86],{"class":78},[64,158280,7390],{"class":82},[64,158282,86],{"class":78},[64,158284,7395],{"class":82},[64,158286,86],{"class":78},[64,158288,50481],{"class":82},[64,158290,119],{"class":78},[64,158292,158293],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,158294,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,158296,158297,158299,158301,158303,158305,158307,158309,158311],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,158298,103],{"class":70},[64,158300,75],{"class":74},[64,158302,762],{"class":70},[64,158304,394],{"class":78},[64,158306,83],{"class":82},[64,158308,160],{"class":78},[64,158310,1892],{"class":82},[64,158312,97],{"class":78},[64,158314,158315],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,158316,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,158318,158319,158321,158323,158325],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,158320,125],{"class":108},[64,158322,112],{"class":78},[64,158324,130],{"class":115},[64,158326,119],{"class":78},[64,158328,158329,158331,158333,158335,158337,158339],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,158330,125],{"class":108},[64,158332,112],{"class":78},[64,158334,3052],{"class":357},[64,158336,112],{"class":78},[64,158338,130],{"class":115},[64,158340,471],{"class":78},[20,158342,384],{},[55,158344,158346],{"className":57,"code":158345,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158347,158348,158360],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,158349,158350,158352,158354,158356,158358],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158351,112],{"class":78},[64,158353,15371],{"class":82},[64,158355,86],{"class":78},[64,158357,7395],{"class":82},[64,158359,119],{"class":78},[64,158361,158362,158364,158366,158368,158370,158372],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,158363,3121],{"class":74},[64,158365,3124],{"class":1895},[64,158367,326],{"class":320},[64,158369,48590],{"class":329},[64,158371,333],{"class":320},[64,158373,3133],{"class":74},[428,158375,158377],{"id":158376},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[55,158379,158381],{"className":57,"code":158380,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158382,158383,158403,158407,158425,158429,158439],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,158384,158385,158387,158389,158391,158393,158395,158397,158399,158401],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158386,71],{"class":70},[64,158388,75],{"class":74},[64,158390,8842],{"class":78},[64,158392,2160],{"class":82},[64,158394,86],{"class":78},[64,158396,7390],{"class":82},[64,158398,86],{"class":78},[64,158400,7395],{"class":82},[64,158402,119],{"class":78},[64,158404,158405],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,158406,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,158408,158409,158411,158413,158415,158417,158419,158421,158423],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,158410,103],{"class":70},[64,158412,75],{"class":74},[64,158414,762],{"class":70},[64,158416,394],{"class":78},[64,158418,83],{"class":82},[64,158420,160],{"class":78},[64,158422,815],{"class":82},[64,158424,97],{"class":78},[64,158426,158427],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,158428,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,158430,158431,158433,158435,158437],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,158432,125],{"class":108},[64,158434,112],{"class":78},[64,158436,130],{"class":115},[64,158438,119],{"class":78},[64,158440,158441,158443,158445,158447,158449,158451],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,158442,125],{"class":108},[64,158444,112],{"class":78},[64,158446,3052],{"class":357},[64,158448,112],{"class":78},[64,158450,130],{"class":115},[64,158452,471],{"class":78},[20,158454,384],{},[55,158456,158458],{"className":57,"code":158457,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158459,158460,158468],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,158461,158462,158464,158466],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158463,112],{"class":78},[64,158465,15371],{"class":82},[64,158467,148987],{"class":78},[64,158469,158470,158472,158474,158476,158478,158480],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,158471,3121],{"class":74},[64,158473,3124],{"class":1895},[64,158475,326],{"class":320},[64,158477,48590],{"class":329},[64,158479,333],{"class":320},[64,158481,3133],{"class":74},[428,158483,158485],{"id":158484},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[55,158487,158489],{"className":57,"code":158488,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158490,158491,158511,158515],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,158492,158493,158495,158497,158499,158501,158503,158505,158507,158509],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158494,71],{"class":70},[64,158496,75],{"class":74},[64,158498,8842],{"class":78},[64,158500,2160],{"class":82},[64,158502,86],{"class":78},[64,158504,7390],{"class":82},[64,158506,86],{"class":78},[64,158508,7395],{"class":82},[64,158510,119],{"class":78},[64,158512,158513],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,158514,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,158516,158517,158519,158521,158523,158525,158527,158529,158531],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,158518,125],{"class":108},[64,158520,112],{"class":78},[64,158522,116],{"class":115},[64,158524,394],{"class":78},[64,158526,1107],{"class":82},[64,158528,160],{"class":78},[64,158530,2175],{"class":82},[64,158532,381],{"class":78},[20,158534,384],{},[55,158536,158537],{"className":57,"code":8247,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,158538,158539],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,158540,158541],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158542,8247],{"class":78},[20,158544,158545,158546,148],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[285,158547,155723],{"href":150610},[50,158549,158551],{"id":158550},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158553,158554],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[30,158556,158557,158559,158562,158567],{},[33,158558,76517],{},[33,158560,158561],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[33,158563,158564,158565],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158566,70373],{},[33,158568,158569],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158571,916],{},[55,158573,158575],{"className":57,"code":158574,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158576,158577,158597,158601,158618,158639],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,158578,158579,158581,158583,158585,158587,158589,158591,158593,158595],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158580,71],{"class":70},[64,158582,75],{"class":74},[64,158584,8842],{"class":78},[64,158586,2160],{"class":82},[64,158588,86],{"class":78},[64,158590,7390],{"class":82},[64,158592,86],{"class":78},[64,158594,7395],{"class":82},[64,158596,119],{"class":78},[64,158598,158599],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,158600,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,158602,158603,158605,158607,158609,158611,158613,158615],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,158604,125],{"class":108},[64,158606,112],{"class":78},[64,158608,116],{"class":115},[64,158610,394],{"class":78},[64,158612,83],{"class":82},[64,158614,20066],{"class":78},[64,158616,158617],{"class":136},"    # one item\n",[64,158619,158620,158622,158624,158626,158628,158630,158632,158634,158636],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,158621,125],{"class":108},[64,158623,112],{"class":78},[64,158625,116],{"class":115},[64,158627,394],{"class":78},[64,158629,83],{"class":82},[64,158631,160],{"class":78},[64,158633,1107],{"class":82},[64,158635,20066],{"class":78},[64,158637,158638],{"class":136},"  # slice\n",[64,158640,158641,158643,158645,158647,158649,158651,158653,158655,158657],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,158642,125],{"class":108},[64,158644,112],{"class":78},[64,158646,116],{"class":115},[64,158648,394],{"class":78},[64,158650,1107],{"class":82},[64,158652,160],{"class":78},[64,158654,2175],{"class":82},[64,158656,20066],{"class":78},[64,158658,158659],{"class":136},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158661,384],{},[55,158663,158665],{"className":57,"code":158664,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158666,158667,158671,158683],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,158668,158669],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158670,70866],{"class":82},[64,158672,158673,158675,158677,158679,158681],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,158674,112],{"class":78},[64,158676,15371],{"class":82},[64,158678,86],{"class":78},[64,158680,7395],{"class":82},[64,158682,119],{"class":78},[64,158684,158685],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,158686,8247],{"class":78},[20,158688,158689],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[55,158691,158693],{"className":57,"code":158692,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158694,158695,158715,158719],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,158696,158697,158699,158701,158703,158705,158707,158709,158711,158713],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158698,71],{"class":70},[64,158700,75],{"class":74},[64,158702,8842],{"class":78},[64,158704,2160],{"class":82},[64,158706,86],{"class":78},[64,158708,7390],{"class":82},[64,158710,86],{"class":78},[64,158712,7395],{"class":82},[64,158714,119],{"class":78},[64,158716,158717],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,158718,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,158720,158721,158723,158725,158727,158729,158731],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,158722,125],{"class":108},[64,158724,112],{"class":78},[64,158726,116],{"class":115},[64,158728,394],{"class":78},[64,158730,1107],{"class":82},[64,158732,381],{"class":78},[20,158734,158735,158736,158738,158739,148],{},"This raises an ",[15,158737,70373],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[285,158740,154476],{"href":158741},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[50,158743,14793],{"id":76784},[20,158745,158746],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[30,158748,158749,158752,158754,158757],{},[33,158750,158751],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[33,158753,60333],{},[33,158755,158756],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[33,158758,158759,158760],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158761,243],{},[20,158763,158764],{},"Here are a few examples.",[428,158766,158768],{"id":158767},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[55,158770,158771],{"className":57,"code":157571,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,158772,158773,158801,158805],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,158774,158775,158777,158779,158781,158783,158785,158787,158789,158791,158793,158795,158797,158799],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158776,71],{"class":70},[64,158778,75],{"class":74},[64,158780,8842],{"class":78},[64,158782,2160],{"class":82},[64,158784,86],{"class":78},[64,158786,7390],{"class":82},[64,158788,86],{"class":78},[64,158790,7395],{"class":82},[64,158792,86],{"class":78},[64,158794,50481],{"class":82},[64,158796,86],{"class":78},[64,158798,1591],{"class":82},[64,158800,119],{"class":78},[64,158802,158803],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,158804,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,158806,158807,158809,158811,158813,158815,158817,158819,158821],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,158808,125],{"class":108},[64,158810,112],{"class":78},[64,158812,116],{"class":115},[64,158814,394],{"class":78},[64,158816,83],{"class":82},[64,158818,160],{"class":78},[64,158820,2334],{"class":82},[64,158822,381],{"class":78},[20,158824,384],{},[55,158826,158827],{"className":57,"code":157628,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,158828,158829],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,158830,158831,158833,158835,158837,158839,158841,158843],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158832,112],{"class":78},[64,158834,15371],{"class":82},[64,158836,86],{"class":78},[64,158838,7395],{"class":82},[64,158840,86],{"class":78},[64,158842,50481],{"class":82},[64,158844,119],{"class":78},[20,158846,132055,158847,158849],{},[15,158848,2334],{}," is not included.",[428,158851,158853],{"id":158852},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,158855,1030],{},[55,158857,158859],{"className":57,"code":158858,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158860,158861,158885,158889],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,158862,158863,158865,158867,158869,158871,158873,158875,158877,158879,158881,158883],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158864,71],{"class":70},[64,158866,75],{"class":74},[64,158868,8842],{"class":78},[64,158870,2160],{"class":82},[64,158872,86],{"class":78},[64,158874,7390],{"class":82},[64,158876,86],{"class":78},[64,158878,7395],{"class":82},[64,158880,86],{"class":78},[64,158882,50481],{"class":82},[64,158884,119],{"class":78},[64,158886,158887],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,158888,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,158890,158891],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,158892,158893],{"class":136},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,158895,158896],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[55,158898,158899],{"className":57,"code":154556,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,158900,158901,158925,158929],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,158902,158903,158905,158907,158909,158911,158913,158915,158917,158919,158921,158923],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158904,71],{"class":70},[64,158906,75],{"class":74},[64,158908,8842],{"class":78},[64,158910,2160],{"class":82},[64,158912,86],{"class":78},[64,158914,7390],{"class":82},[64,158916,86],{"class":78},[64,158918,7395],{"class":82},[64,158920,86],{"class":78},[64,158922,50481],{"class":82},[64,158924,119],{"class":78},[64,158926,158927],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,158928,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,158930,158931,158933,158935,158937,158939,158941,158943,158945],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,158932,125],{"class":108},[64,158934,112],{"class":78},[64,158936,116],{"class":115},[64,158938,394],{"class":78},[64,158940,83],{"class":82},[64,158942,160],{"class":78},[64,158944,1892],{"class":82},[64,158946,381],{"class":78},[428,158948,158950],{"id":158949},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[55,158952,158954],{"className":57,"code":158953,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,158955,158956,158980,158984,158999,159003,159014],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,158957,158958,158960,158962,158964,158966,158968,158970,158972,158974,158976,158978],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,158959,71],{"class":70},[64,158961,75],{"class":74},[64,158963,8842],{"class":78},[64,158965,2160],{"class":82},[64,158967,86],{"class":78},[64,158969,7390],{"class":82},[64,158971,86],{"class":78},[64,158973,7395],{"class":82},[64,158975,86],{"class":78},[64,158977,50481],{"class":82},[64,158979,119],{"class":78},[64,158981,158982],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,158983,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,158985,158986,158989,158991,158993,158995,158997],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,158987,158988],{"class":70},"slice_result ",[64,158990,75],{"class":74},[64,158992,762],{"class":70},[64,158994,75177],{"class":78},[64,158996,815],{"class":82},[64,158998,97],{"class":78},[64,159000,159001],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,159002,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,159004,159005,159007,159009,159012],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,159006,125],{"class":108},[64,159008,112],{"class":78},[64,159010,159011],{"class":115},"slice_result",[64,159013,119],{"class":78},[64,159015,159016,159018,159020,159022],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,159017,125],{"class":108},[64,159019,112],{"class":78},[64,159021,116],{"class":115},[64,159023,119],{"class":78},[20,159025,384],{},[55,159027,159029],{"className":57,"code":159028,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159030,159031,159043],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,159032,159033,159035,159037,159039,159041],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,159034,112],{"class":78},[64,159036,2160],{"class":82},[64,159038,86],{"class":78},[64,159040,7390],{"class":82},[64,159042,119],{"class":78},[64,159044,159045,159047,159049,159051,159053,159055,159057,159059,159061],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,159046,112],{"class":78},[64,159048,2160],{"class":82},[64,159050,86],{"class":78},[64,159052,7390],{"class":82},[64,159054,86],{"class":78},[64,159056,7395],{"class":82},[64,159058,86],{"class":78},[64,159060,50481],{"class":82},[64,159062,119],{"class":78},[20,159064,159065],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[50,159067,113369],{"id":113368},[20,159069,159070],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[30,159072,159073,159076,159079,159085,159088],{},[33,159074,159075],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[33,159077,159078],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[33,159080,159081,159082],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159083,159084],{},"tuple[::0]",[33,159086,159087],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[33,159089,159090],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159092,159093],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[55,159095,159097],{"className":57,"code":159096,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159098,159099,159109,159127,159149],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,159100,159101,159103,159105,159107],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,159102,125],{"class":108},[64,159104,112],{"class":78},[64,159106,147649],{"class":115},[64,159108,119],{"class":78},[64,159110,159111,159113,159115,159117,159119,159121,159123,159125],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,159112,125],{"class":108},[64,159114,112],{"class":78},[64,159116,147649],{"class":115},[64,159118,394],{"class":78},[64,159120,83],{"class":82},[64,159122,160],{"class":78},[64,159124,2334],{"class":82},[64,159126,381],{"class":78},[64,159128,159129,159131,159133,159135,159137,159139,159141,159143,159145,159147],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,159130,125],{"class":108},[64,159132,112],{"class":78},[64,159134,3052],{"class":357},[64,159136,112],{"class":78},[64,159138,147649],{"class":115},[64,159140,394],{"class":78},[64,159142,83],{"class":82},[64,159144,160],{"class":78},[64,159146,2334],{"class":82},[64,159148,1081],{"class":78},[64,159150,159151,159153,159155,159157,159159,159161],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,159152,125],{"class":108},[64,159154,112],{"class":78},[64,159156,10771],{"class":108},[64,159158,112],{"class":78},[64,159160,147649],{"class":115},[64,159162,471],{"class":78},[20,159164,10780],{},[30,159166,159167,159169,159172,159175],{},[33,159168,154863],{},[33,159170,159171],{},"what the slice actually returns",[33,159173,159174],{},"that the result is a tuple",[33,159176,159177],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[50,159179,1651],{"id":1650},[428,159181,159183],{"id":159182},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159185,159186],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[428,159188,159190],{"id":159189},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159192,159193],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[428,159195,1655,159197,39593],{"id":159196},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159198,158016],{},[20,159200,159201],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[428,159203,159205,159206,1677],{"id":159204},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159207,70373],{},[20,159209,159210,159211,148],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159212,70373],{},[50,159214,1717],{"id":1716},[30,159216,159217,159221,159225,159229,159233],{},[33,159218,159219],{},[285,159220,155723],{"href":150610},[33,159222,159223],{},[285,159224,149304],{"href":152730},[33,159226,159227],{},[285,159228,150553],{"href":156887},[33,159230,159231],{},[285,159232,147631],{"href":157249},[33,159234,159235],{},[285,159236,154476],{"href":158741},[1751,159238,159239],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":159241},[159242,159243,159244,159245,159253,159257,159258,159263,159264,159269,159270,159278],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":157049,"depth":100,"text":157050},{"id":157252,"depth":100,"text":157253},{"id":75657,"depth":100,"text":75658,"children":159246},[159247,159249,159250,159251,159252],{"id":157410,"depth":122,"text":159248},"Get the first n items",{"id":157489,"depth":122,"text":157490},{"id":157567,"depth":122,"text":157568},{"id":157649,"depth":122,"text":157650},{"id":157731,"depth":122,"text":157732},{"id":75951,"depth":100,"text":75952,"children":159254},[159255,159256],{"id":157826,"depth":122,"text":157827},{"id":157910,"depth":122,"text":157911},{"id":157999,"depth":100,"text":158000},{"id":158251,"depth":100,"text":158252,"children":159259},[159260,159261,159262],{"id":158260,"depth":122,"text":158261},{"id":158376,"depth":122,"text":158377},{"id":158484,"depth":122,"text":158485},{"id":158550,"depth":100,"text":158551},{"id":76784,"depth":100,"text":14793,"children":159265},[159266,159267,159268],{"id":158767,"depth":122,"text":158768},{"id":158852,"depth":122,"text":158853},{"id":158949,"depth":122,"text":158950},{"id":113368,"depth":100,"text":113369},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":159271},[159272,159273,159274,159276],{"id":159182,"depth":122,"text":159183},{"id":159189,"depth":122,"text":159190},{"id":159196,"depth":122,"text":159275},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159204,"depth":122,"text":159277},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156893,"description":159279},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159286,"title":159287,"body":159288,"description":161111,"extension":1791,"meta":161112,"navigation":346,"path":34436,"seo":161113,"stem":161114,"__hash__":161115},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159289,"toc":161077},[159290,159295,159300,159304,159322,159325,159340,159346,159348,159405,159407,159439,159451,159457,159462,159465,159500,159506,159508,159511,159525,159528,159530,159553,159555,159573,159576,159592,159594,159597,159710,159712,159801,159804,159809,159815,159818,159821,159920,159922,159981,159986,159989,160058,160062,160094,160110,160115,160122,160129,160141,160143,160192,160194,160217,160223,160271,160276,160283,160291,160297,160300,160324,160327,160329,160405,160407,160432,160438,160441,160446,160450,160464,160466,160529,160531,160563,160566,160582,160584,160590,160597,160599,160618,160620,160638,160645,160650,160657,160659,160696,160699,160706,160710,160713,160771,160774,160777,160832,160834,160846,160852,160854,160858,160891,160898,160900,160963,160966,160968,160973,160987,160994,161002,161011,161020,161026,161032,161034,161074],[10,159291,13,159293,18],{"id":159292},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159294,2131],{},[20,159296,31943,159297,159299],{},[15,159298,2131],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159301,62408,159302,104213],{},[15,159303,2131],{},[30,159305,159306,159309,159312,159315],{},[33,159307,159308],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[33,159310,159311],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[33,159313,159314],{},"debug confusing code",[33,159316,159317,159318],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[285,159319,159320],{"href":7821},[15,159321,2790],{},[20,159323,159324],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[55,159326,159328],{"className":57,"code":159327,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"type(object)\n",[15,159329,159330],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,159331,159332,159334,159336,159338],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,159333,3052],{"class":357},[64,159335,112],{"class":78},[64,159337,42033],{"class":357},[64,159339,119],{"class":78},[20,159341,159342,159343,159345],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159344,2131],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[50,159347,53],{"id":52},[55,159349,159351],{"className":57,"code":159350,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159352,159353,159365,159379,159383,159391],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,159354,159355,159357,159359,159361,159363],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,159356,7477],{"class":70},[64,159358,75],{"class":74},[64,159360,3184],{"class":320},[64,159362,1514],{"class":329},[64,159364,3190],{"class":320},[64,159366,159367,159369,159371,159373,159375,159377],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,159368,125],{"class":108},[64,159370,112],{"class":78},[64,159372,3052],{"class":357},[64,159374,112],{"class":78},[64,159376,7267],{"class":115},[64,159378,471],{"class":78},[64,159380,159381],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,159382,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,159384,159385,159387,159389],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,159386,2048],{"class":70},[64,159388,75],{"class":74},[64,159390,2417],{"class":82},[64,159392,159393,159395,159397,159399,159401,159403],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,159394,125],{"class":108},[64,159396,112],{"class":78},[64,159398,3052],{"class":357},[64,159400,112],{"class":78},[64,159402,2069],{"class":115},[64,159404,471],{"class":78},[20,159406,384],{},[55,159408,159409],{"className":57,"code":124716,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,159410,159411,159425],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,159412,159413,159415,159417,159419,159421,159423],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,159414,3121],{"class":74},[64,159416,3124],{"class":1895},[64,159418,326],{"class":320},[64,159420,3276],{"class":329},[64,159422,333],{"class":320},[64,159424,3133],{"class":74},[64,159426,159427,159429,159431,159433,159435,159437],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,159428,3121],{"class":74},[64,159430,3124],{"class":1895},[64,159432,326],{"class":320},[64,159434,2019],{"class":329},[64,159436,333],{"class":320},[64,159438,3133],{"class":74},[20,159440,1923,159441,159444,159445,896,159448,148],{},[15,159442,159443],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159446,159447],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159449,159450],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[50,159452,12610,159454,159456],{"id":159453},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159455,2131],{}," function does",[20,159458,159459,159461],{},[15,159460,2131],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159463,159464],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[30,159466,159467,159472,159477,159482,159487,159492],{},[33,159468,159469,159471],{},[15,159470,3276],{}," for text",[33,159473,159474,159476],{},[15,159475,2019],{}," for whole numbers",[33,159478,159479,159481],{},[15,159480,2023],{}," for decimal numbers",[33,159483,159484,159486],{},[15,159485,7695],{}," for lists",[33,159488,159489,159491],{},[15,159490,8426],{}," for dictionaries",[33,159493,159494,68737,159496,896,159498],{},[15,159495,358],{},[15,159497,47],{},[15,159499,147],{},[20,159501,159502,159503,159505],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159504,2131],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[50,159507,1988],{"id":1987},[20,159509,159510],{},"The main beginner form is:",[55,159512,159513],{"className":57,"code":159327,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,159514,159515],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,159516,159517,159519,159521,159523],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,159518,3052],{"class":357},[64,159520,112],{"class":78},[64,159522,42033],{"class":357},[64,159524,119],{"class":78},[20,159526,159527],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159529,916],{},[55,159531,159533],{"className":57,"code":159532,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159534,159535],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,159536,159537,159539,159541,159543,159545,159547,159549,159551],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,159538,125],{"class":108},[64,159540,112],{"class":78},[64,159542,3052],{"class":357},[64,159544,112],{"class":78},[64,159546,2686],{"class":320},[64,159548,330],{"class":329},[64,159550,2686],{"class":320},[64,159552,471],{"class":78},[20,159554,384],{},[55,159556,159557],{"className":57,"code":45406,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,159558,159559],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,159560,159561,159563,159565,159567,159569,159571],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,159562,3121],{"class":74},[64,159564,3124],{"class":1895},[64,159566,326],{"class":320},[64,159568,3276],{"class":329},[64,159570,333],{"class":320},[64,159572,3133],{"class":74},[20,159574,159575],{},"You can pass either:",[30,159577,159578,159585],{},[33,159579,159580,159581,212,159583],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159582,64176],{},[15,159584,46162],{},[33,159586,159587,159588,212,159590],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159589,7267],{},[15,159591,8905],{},[50,159593,121528],{"id":121527},[20,159595,159596],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[55,159598,159600],{"className":57,"code":159599,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159601,159602,159620,159634,159648,159670,159696],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,159603,159604,159606,159608,159610,159612,159614,159616,159618],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,159605,125],{"class":108},[64,159607,112],{"class":78},[64,159609,3052],{"class":357},[64,159611,112],{"class":78},[64,159613,2686],{"class":320},[64,159615,330],{"class":329},[64,159617,2686],{"class":320},[64,159619,471],{"class":78},[64,159621,159622,159624,159626,159628,159630,159632],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,159623,125],{"class":108},[64,159625,112],{"class":78},[64,159627,3052],{"class":357},[64,159629,112],{"class":78},[64,159631,2160],{"class":82},[64,159633,471],{"class":78},[64,159635,159636,159638,159640,159642,159644,159646],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,159637,125],{"class":108},[64,159639,112],{"class":78},[64,159641,3052],{"class":357},[64,159643,112],{"class":78},[64,159645,39776],{"class":82},[64,159647,471],{"class":78},[64,159649,159650,159652,159654,159656,159658,159660,159662,159664,159666,159668],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,159651,125],{"class":108},[64,159653,112],{"class":78},[64,159655,3052],{"class":357},[64,159657,354],{"class":78},[64,159659,83],{"class":82},[64,159661,86],{"class":78},[64,159663,89],{"class":82},[64,159665,86],{"class":78},[64,159667,94],{"class":82},[64,159669,1081],{"class":78},[64,159671,159672,159674,159676,159678,159680,159682,159684,159686,159688,159690,159692,159694],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,159673,125],{"class":108},[64,159675,112],{"class":78},[64,159677,3052],{"class":357},[64,159679,5123],{"class":78},[64,159681,2686],{"class":320},[64,159683,7267],{"class":329},[64,159685,2686],{"class":320},[64,159687,160],{"class":78},[64,159689,3184],{"class":320},[64,159691,1514],{"class":329},[64,159693,2686],{"class":320},[64,159695,5132],{"class":78},[64,159697,159698,159700,159702,159704,159706,159708],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,159699,125],{"class":108},[64,159701,112],{"class":78},[64,159703,3052],{"class":357},[64,159705,112],{"class":78},[64,159707,47],{"class":338},[64,159709,471],{"class":78},[20,159711,384],{},[55,159713,159715],{"className":57,"code":159714,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159716,159717,159731,159745,159759,159773,159787],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,159718,159719,159721,159723,159725,159727,159729],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,159720,3121],{"class":74},[64,159722,3124],{"class":1895},[64,159724,326],{"class":320},[64,159726,3276],{"class":329},[64,159728,333],{"class":320},[64,159730,3133],{"class":74},[64,159732,159733,159735,159737,159739,159741,159743],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,159734,3121],{"class":74},[64,159736,3124],{"class":1895},[64,159738,326],{"class":320},[64,159740,2019],{"class":329},[64,159742,333],{"class":320},[64,159744,3133],{"class":74},[64,159746,159747,159749,159751,159753,159755,159757],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,159748,3121],{"class":74},[64,159750,3124],{"class":1895},[64,159752,326],{"class":320},[64,159754,2023],{"class":329},[64,159756,333],{"class":320},[64,159758,3133],{"class":74},[64,159760,159761,159763,159765,159767,159769,159771],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,159762,3121],{"class":74},[64,159764,3124],{"class":1895},[64,159766,326],{"class":320},[64,159768,7695],{"class":329},[64,159770,333],{"class":320},[64,159772,3133],{"class":74},[64,159774,159775,159777,159779,159781,159783,159785],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,159776,3121],{"class":74},[64,159778,3124],{"class":1895},[64,159780,326],{"class":320},[64,159782,8426],{"class":329},[64,159784,333],{"class":320},[64,159786,3133],{"class":74},[64,159788,159789,159791,159793,159795,159797,159799],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,159790,3121],{"class":74},[64,159792,3124],{"class":1895},[64,159794,326],{"class":320},[64,159796,358],{"class":329},[64,159798,333],{"class":320},[64,159800,3133],{"class":74},[20,159802,159803],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159805,159806,159807,148],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[285,159808,44433],{"href":48615},[50,159810,8020,159812,159814],{"id":159811},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159813,2131],{}," with variables",[20,159816,159817],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159819,159820],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[55,159822,159824],{"className":57,"code":159823,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159825,159826,159834,159852,159856,159868,159886,159890,159902],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,159827,159828,159830,159832],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,159829,2276],{"class":70},[64,159831,75],{"class":74},[64,159833,2417],{"class":82},[64,159835,159836,159838,159840,159842,159844,159846,159848,159850],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,159837,125],{"class":108},[64,159839,112],{"class":78},[64,159841,2302],{"class":115},[64,159843,86],{"class":78},[64,159845,49027],{"class":357},[64,159847,112],{"class":78},[64,159849,2302],{"class":115},[64,159851,471],{"class":78},[64,159853,159854],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,159855,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,159857,159858,159860,159862,159864,159866],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,159859,2276],{"class":70},[64,159861,75],{"class":74},[64,159863,3184],{"class":320},[64,159865,45543],{"class":329},[64,159867,3190],{"class":320},[64,159869,159870,159872,159874,159876,159878,159880,159882,159884],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,159871,125],{"class":108},[64,159873,112],{"class":78},[64,159875,2302],{"class":115},[64,159877,86],{"class":78},[64,159879,49027],{"class":357},[64,159881,112],{"class":78},[64,159883,2302],{"class":115},[64,159885,471],{"class":78},[64,159887,159888],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,159889,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,159891,159892,159894,159896,159898,159900],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,159893,2276],{"class":70},[64,159895,75],{"class":74},[64,159897,79],{"class":78},[64,159899,2160],{"class":82},[64,159901,97],{"class":78},[64,159903,159904,159906,159908,159910,159912,159914,159916,159918],{"class":66,"line":6022},[64,159905,125],{"class":108},[64,159907,112],{"class":78},[64,159909,2302],{"class":115},[64,159911,86],{"class":78},[64,159913,49027],{"class":357},[64,159915,112],{"class":78},[64,159917,2302],{"class":115},[64,159919,471],{"class":78},[20,159921,384],{},[55,159923,159925],{"className":57,"code":159924,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,159926,159927,159944,159961],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,159928,159929,159931,159934,159936,159938,159940,159942],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,159930,2160],{"class":82},[64,159932,159933],{"class":74}," \u003C",[64,159935,3124],{"class":1895},[64,159937,326],{"class":320},[64,159939,2019],{"class":329},[64,159941,333],{"class":320},[64,159943,3133],{"class":74},[64,159945,159946,159949,159951,159953,159955,159957,159959],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,159947,159948],{"class":70},"ten ",[64,159950,3121],{"class":74},[64,159952,3124],{"class":1895},[64,159954,326],{"class":320},[64,159956,3276],{"class":329},[64,159958,333],{"class":320},[64,159960,3133],{"class":74},[64,159962,159963,159965,159967,159969,159971,159973,159975,159977,159979],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,159964,394],{"class":78},[64,159966,2160],{"class":82},[64,159968,12888],{"class":78},[64,159970,159933],{"class":74},[64,159972,3124],{"class":1895},[64,159974,326],{"class":320},[64,159976,7695],{"class":329},[64,159978,333],{"class":320},[64,159980,3133],{"class":74},[20,159982,159983,159985],{},[15,159984,2131],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,159987,159988],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[55,159990,159992],{"className":57,"code":159991,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,159993,159994,160012,160026,160030,160044],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,159995,159996,159998,160000,160002,160004,160006,160008,160010],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,159997,3223],{"class":70},[64,159999,75],{"class":74},[64,160001,7844],{"class":108},[64,160003,112],{"class":78},[64,160005,2686],{"class":320},[64,160007,41505],{"class":329},[64,160009,2686],{"class":320},[64,160011,119],{"class":78},[64,160013,160014,160016,160018,160020,160022,160024],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,160015,125],{"class":108},[64,160017,112],{"class":78},[64,160019,3052],{"class":357},[64,160021,112],{"class":78},[64,160023,3250],{"class":115},[64,160025,471],{"class":78},[64,160027,160028],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,160029,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,160031,160032,160034,160036,160038,160040,160042],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,160033,122640],{"class":70},[64,160035,75],{"class":74},[64,160037,44912],{"class":357},[64,160039,112],{"class":78},[64,160041,3250],{"class":115},[64,160043,119],{"class":78},[64,160045,160046,160048,160050,160052,160054,160056],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,160047,125],{"class":108},[64,160049,112],{"class":78},[64,160051,3052],{"class":357},[64,160053,112],{"class":78},[64,160055,122663],{"class":115},[64,160057,471],{"class":78},[20,160059,40754,160060,40758],{},[15,160061,8799],{},[55,160063,160064],{"className":57,"code":124716,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,160065,160066,160080],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,160067,160068,160070,160072,160074,160076,160078],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160069,3121],{"class":74},[64,160071,3124],{"class":1895},[64,160073,326],{"class":320},[64,160075,3276],{"class":329},[64,160077,333],{"class":320},[64,160079,3133],{"class":74},[64,160081,160082,160084,160086,160088,160090,160092],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,160083,3121],{"class":74},[64,160085,3124],{"class":1895},[64,160087,326],{"class":320},[64,160089,2019],{"class":329},[64,160091,333],{"class":320},[64,160093,3133],{"class":74},[20,160095,45339,160096,160100,160101,212,160105,160109],{},[285,160097,160098],{"href":7821},[15,160099,2790],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[285,160102,160103],{"href":2707},[15,160104,2710],{},[285,160106,160107],{"href":2713},[15,160108,2716],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160111,160112,160113,148],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[285,160114,8586],{"href":8585},[50,160116,160118,10193,160120],{"id":160117},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160119,2131],{},[15,160121,44441],{},[20,160123,160124,896,160126,160128],{},[15,160125,2131],{},[15,160127,44441],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[30,160130,160131,160136],{},[33,160132,160133,160135],{},[15,160134,2131],{}," tells you the exact type",[33,160137,160138,160140],{},[15,160139,44441],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160142,916],{},[55,160144,160146],{"className":57,"code":160145,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160147,160148,160156,160160,160174],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,160149,160150,160152,160154],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160151,2276],{"class":70},[64,160153,75],{"class":74},[64,160155,34470],{"class":82},[64,160157,160158],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,160159,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,160161,160162,160164,160166,160168,160170,160172],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,160163,125],{"class":108},[64,160165,112],{"class":78},[64,160167,3052],{"class":357},[64,160169,112],{"class":78},[64,160171,2302],{"class":115},[64,160173,471],{"class":78},[64,160175,160176,160178,160180,160182,160184,160186,160188,160190],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,160177,125],{"class":108},[64,160179,112],{"class":78},[64,160181,48512],{"class":108},[64,160183,112],{"class":78},[64,160185,2302],{"class":115},[64,160187,86],{"class":78},[64,160189,44912],{"class":357},[64,160191,471],{"class":78},[20,160193,384],{},[55,160195,160197],{"className":57,"code":160196,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160198,160199,160213],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,160200,160201,160203,160205,160207,160209,160211],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160202,3121],{"class":74},[64,160204,3124],{"class":1895},[64,160206,326],{"class":320},[64,160208,2019],{"class":329},[64,160210,333],{"class":320},[64,160212,3133],{"class":74},[64,160214,160215],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,160216,476],{"class":338},[20,160218,160219,160220,160222],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160221,44441],{}," is more practical.",[55,160224,160226],{"className":57,"code":160225,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160227,160228,160236,160240,160256],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,160229,160230,160232,160234],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160231,2276],{"class":70},[64,160233,75],{"class":74},[64,160235,34470],{"class":82},[64,160237,160238],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,160239,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,160241,160242,160244,160246,160248,160250,160252,160254],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,160243,6595],{"class":368},[64,160245,49250],{"class":108},[64,160247,112],{"class":78},[64,160249,2302],{"class":115},[64,160251,86],{"class":78},[64,160253,44912],{"class":357},[64,160255,7944],{"class":78},[64,160257,160258,160260,160262,160264,160267,160269],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,160259,7670],{"class":108},[64,160261,112],{"class":78},[64,160263,2686],{"class":320},[64,160265,160266],{"class":329},"This is an integer",[64,160268,2686],{"class":320},[64,160270,119],{"class":78},[20,160272,1923,160273,160275],{},[15,160274,2131],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160277,1923,160278,160280,160281,6770],{},[15,160279,44441],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160282,6595],{},[20,160284,160285,160286,148],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[285,160287,13,160289,1713],{"href":160288},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160290,44441],{},[50,160292,160294,160295],{"id":160293},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160296,2131],{},[20,160298,160299],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[55,160301,160303],{"className":57,"code":160302,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160304,160305],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,160306,160307,160309,160311,160313,160315,160318,160320,160322],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160308,3052],{"class":357},[64,160310,112],{"class":78},[64,160312,7267],{"class":115},[64,160314,86],{"class":78},[64,160316,160317],{"class":115}," bases",[64,160319,86],{"class":78},[64,160321,8776],{"class":357},[64,160323,119],{"class":78},[20,160325,160326],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160328,916],{},[55,160330,160332],{"className":57,"code":160331,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160333,160334,160377,160381,160391],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,160335,160336,160339,160341,160343,160345,160347,160350,160352,160354,160357,160359,160361,160364,160366,160368,160370,160373,160375],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160337,160338],{"class":70},"Person ",[64,160340,75],{"class":74},[64,160342,49027],{"class":357},[64,160344,112],{"class":78},[64,160346,2686],{"class":320},[64,160348,160349],{"class":329},"Person",[64,160351,2686],{"class":320},[64,160353,86],{"class":78},[64,160355,160356],{"class":78}," (),",[64,160358,10098],{"class":78},[64,160360,2686],{"class":320},[64,160362,160363],{"class":329},"species",[64,160365,2686],{"class":320},[64,160367,160],{"class":78},[64,160369,3184],{"class":320},[64,160371,160372],{"class":329},"human",[64,160374,2686],{"class":320},[64,160376,30121],{"class":78},[64,160378,160379],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,160380,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,160382,160383,160385,160387,160389],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,160384,125],{"class":108},[64,160386,112],{"class":78},[64,160388,160349],{"class":115},[64,160390,119],{"class":78},[64,160392,160393,160395,160397,160399,160401,160403],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,160394,125],{"class":108},[64,160396,112],{"class":78},[64,160398,160349],{"class":115},[64,160400,148],{"class":78},[64,160402,160363],{"class":24372},[64,160404,119],{"class":78},[20,160406,384],{},[55,160408,160410],{"className":57,"code":160409,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160411,160412,160427],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,160413,160414,160416,160418,160420,160423,160425],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160415,3121],{"class":74},[64,160417,3124],{"class":1895},[64,160419,326],{"class":320},[64,160421,160422],{"class":329},"__main__.Person",[64,160424,333],{"class":320},[64,160426,3133],{"class":74},[64,160428,160429],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,160430,160431],{"class":70},"human\n",[20,160433,160434,160435,160437],{},"Most beginners do ",[221,160436,1138],{}," need this form.",[20,160439,160440],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[50,160442,1471,160444],{"id":160443},"when-to-use-type",[15,160445,2131],{},[20,160447,160448,12057],{},[15,160449,2131],{},[30,160451,160452,160455,160458,160461],{},[33,160453,160454],{},"debug unexpected values",[33,160456,160457],{},"check what a conversion produced",[33,160459,160460],{},"learn Python data types",[33,160462,160463],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160465,5065],{},[55,160467,160469],{"className":57,"code":160468,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160470,160471,160483,160497,160501,160515],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,160472,160473,160475,160477,160479,160481],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160474,34315],{"class":70},[64,160476,75],{"class":74},[64,160478,3184],{"class":320},[64,160480,49883],{"class":329},[64,160482,3190],{"class":320},[64,160484,160485,160487,160489,160491,160493,160495],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,160486,2048],{"class":70},[64,160488,75],{"class":74},[64,160490,44912],{"class":357},[64,160492,112],{"class":78},[64,160494,34336],{"class":115},[64,160496,119],{"class":78},[64,160498,160499],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,160500,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,160502,160503,160505,160507,160509,160511,160513],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,160504,125],{"class":108},[64,160506,112],{"class":78},[64,160508,3052],{"class":357},[64,160510,112],{"class":78},[64,160512,34336],{"class":115},[64,160514,471],{"class":78},[64,160516,160517,160519,160521,160523,160525,160527],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,160518,125],{"class":108},[64,160520,112],{"class":78},[64,160522,3052],{"class":357},[64,160524,112],{"class":78},[64,160526,2069],{"class":115},[64,160528,471],{"class":78},[20,160530,384],{},[55,160532,160533],{"className":57,"code":124716,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,160534,160535,160549],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,160536,160537,160539,160541,160543,160545,160547],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160538,3121],{"class":74},[64,160540,3124],{"class":1895},[64,160542,326],{"class":320},[64,160544,3276],{"class":329},[64,160546,333],{"class":320},[64,160548,3133],{"class":74},[64,160550,160551,160553,160555,160557,160559,160561],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,160552,3121],{"class":74},[64,160554,3124],{"class":1895},[64,160556,326],{"class":320},[64,160558,2019],{"class":329},[64,160560,333],{"class":320},[64,160562,3133],{"class":74},[20,160564,160565],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160567,160568,160569,2020,160573,16690,160577,160581],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[285,160570,160571],{"href":41809},[15,160572,47320],{},[285,160574,160575],{"href":2707},[15,160576,2710],{},[285,160578,160579],{"href":2713},[15,160580,2716],{}," are often the next step.",[50,160583,24980],{"id":24979},[20,160585,160586,160587,160589],{},"A few things about ",[15,160588,2131],{}," often confuse beginners.",[428,160591,160593,160596],{"id":160592},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160594,160595],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160598,64285],{},[55,160600,160602],{"className":57,"code":160601,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160603,160604],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,160605,160606,160608,160610,160612,160614,160616],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160607,125],{"class":108},[64,160609,112],{"class":78},[64,160611,3052],{"class":357},[64,160613,112],{"class":78},[64,160615,1107],{"class":82},[64,160617,471],{"class":78},[20,160619,122559],{},[55,160621,160622],{"className":57,"code":156071,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,160623,160624],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,160625,160626,160628,160630,160632,160634,160636],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160627,3121],{"class":74},[64,160629,3124],{"class":1895},[64,160631,326],{"class":320},[64,160633,2019],{"class":329},[64,160635,333],{"class":320},[64,160637,3133],{"class":74},[20,160639,40539,160640,160642,160643,148],{},[221,160641,1138],{}," print just ",[15,160644,2019],{},[20,160646,6274,160647,160649],{},[15,160648,2131],{}," returns a class object.",[428,160651,160653,44,160655],{"id":160652},"input-returns-str",[15,160654,2790],{},[15,160656,3276],{},[20,160658,79184],{},[55,160660,160662],{"className":57,"code":160661,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160663,160664,160682],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,160665,160666,160668,160670,160672,160674,160676,160678,160680],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160667,2276],{"class":70},[64,160669,75],{"class":74},[64,160671,7844],{"class":108},[64,160673,112],{"class":78},[64,160675,2686],{"class":320},[64,160677,45946],{"class":329},[64,160679,2686],{"class":320},[64,160681,119],{"class":78},[64,160683,160684,160686,160688,160690,160692,160694],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,160685,125],{"class":108},[64,160687,112],{"class":78},[64,160689,3052],{"class":357},[64,160691,112],{"class":78},[64,160693,2302],{"class":115},[64,160695,471],{"class":78},[20,160697,160698],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160700,160701,160702,212,160704,148],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160703,2710],{},[15,160705,2716],{},[428,160707,160709],{"id":160708},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160711,160712],{},"Avoid code like this:",[55,160714,160716],{"className":57,"code":160715,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160717,160718,160726,160730,160756],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,160719,160720,160722,160724],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160721,2276],{"class":70},[64,160723,75],{"class":74},[64,160725,34470],{"class":82},[64,160727,160728],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,160729,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,160731,160732,160734,160736,160738,160740,160742,160744,160746,160748,160750,160752,160754],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,160733,6595],{"class":368},[64,160735,48541],{"class":357},[64,160737,112],{"class":78},[64,160739,3052],{"class":357},[64,160741,112],{"class":78},[64,160743,2302],{"class":115},[64,160745,4954],{"class":78},[64,160747,6004],{"class":74},[64,160749,3184],{"class":320},[64,160751,159450],{"class":329},[64,160753,2686],{"class":320},[64,160755,5989],{"class":78},[64,160757,160758,160760,160762,160764,160767,160769],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,160759,7670],{"class":108},[64,160761,112],{"class":78},[64,160763,2686],{"class":320},[64,160765,160766],{"class":329},"It is an int",[64,160768,2686],{"class":320},[64,160770,119],{"class":78},[20,160772,160773],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160775,160776],{},"Better options:",[55,160778,160780],{"className":57,"code":160779,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160781,160782,160790,160794,160814],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,160783,160784,160786,160788],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160785,2276],{"class":70},[64,160787,75],{"class":74},[64,160789,34470],{"class":82},[64,160791,160792],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,160793,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,160795,160796,160798,160800,160802,160804,160806,160808,160810,160812],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,160797,125],{"class":108},[64,160799,112],{"class":78},[64,160801,3052],{"class":357},[64,160803,112],{"class":78},[64,160805,2302],{"class":115},[64,160807,133],{"class":78},[64,160809,6004],{"class":74},[64,160811,44912],{"class":357},[64,160813,119],{"class":78},[64,160815,160816,160818,160820,160822,160824,160826,160828,160830],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,160817,125],{"class":108},[64,160819,112],{"class":78},[64,160821,48512],{"class":108},[64,160823,112],{"class":78},[64,160825,2302],{"class":115},[64,160827,86],{"class":78},[64,160829,44912],{"class":357},[64,160831,471],{"class":78},[20,160833,384],{},[55,160835,160836],{"className":57,"code":1009,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,160837,160838,160842],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,160839,160840],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160841,476],{"class":338},[64,160843,160844],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,160845,476],{"class":338},[20,160847,160848,160849,160851],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160850,44441],{}," is the more useful check.",[50,160853,2661],{"id":2660},[20,160855,14349,160856,160],{},[15,160857,2131],{},[30,160859,160860,160870,160879,160888],{},[33,160861,8020,160862,160864,160865,160869],{},[15,160863,2131],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[285,160866,160867],{"href":7821},[15,160868,2790],{}," always returns a string",[33,160871,8056,160872,160874,160875,10701,160877],{},[15,160873,2131],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,160876,2019],{},[15,160878,159450],{},[33,160880,8020,160881,44265,160884,160887],{},[15,160882,160883],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,160885,160886],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[33,160889,160890],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,160892,160893,160894,148],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[285,160895,160897],{"href":160896},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,160899,144225],{},[55,160901,160903],{"className":57,"code":160902,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,160904,160905,160919,160929,160943,160953],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,160906,160907,160909,160911,160913,160915,160917],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,160908,125],{"class":108},[64,160910,112],{"class":78},[64,160912,3052],{"class":357},[64,160914,112],{"class":78},[64,160916,2302],{"class":115},[64,160918,471],{"class":78},[64,160920,160921,160923,160925,160927],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,160922,125],{"class":108},[64,160924,112],{"class":78},[64,160926,2302],{"class":115},[64,160928,119],{"class":78},[64,160930,160931,160933,160935,160937,160939,160941],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,160932,125],{"class":108},[64,160934,112],{"class":78},[64,160936,41413],{"class":108},[64,160938,112],{"class":78},[64,160940,2302],{"class":115},[64,160942,471],{"class":78},[64,160944,160945,160947,160949,160951],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,160946,31778],{"class":108},[64,160948,112],{"class":78},[64,160950,3052],{"class":357},[64,160952,119],{"class":78},[64,160954,160955,160957,160959,160961],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,160956,33999],{"class":108},[64,160958,112],{"class":78},[64,160960,2302],{"class":115},[64,160962,119],{"class":78},[20,160964,160965],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[50,160967,1651],{"id":1650},[428,160969,1655,160971,1658],{"id":160970},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,160972,2131],{},[20,160974,160975,160976,2020,160978,2020,160980,2024,160982,160984,160985,148],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,160977,3276],{},[15,160979,2019],{},[15,160981,7695],{},[15,160983,8426],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,160986,159447],{},[428,160988,14519,160990,56845,160992,1677],{"id":160989},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,160991,2131],{},[15,160993,44441],{},[20,160995,46001,160996,160998,160999,161001],{},[15,160997,2131],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161000,44441],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[428,161003,1671,161005,161008,161009,1677],{"id":161004},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161006,161007],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161010,3276],{},[20,161012,28685,161013,161015,161016,212,161018,160109],{},[15,161014,2790],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161017,2710],{},[15,161019,2716],{},[428,161021,1684,161023,161025],{"id":161022},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161024,2131],{}," create classes?",[20,161027,161028,161029,148],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161030,161031],{},"type(object)",[50,161033,1717],{"id":1716},[30,161035,161036,161040,161046,161052,161056,161062,161068],{},[33,161037,161038],{},[285,161039,44433],{"href":48615},[33,161041,161042],{},[285,161043,13,161044,1713],{"href":160288},[15,161045,44441],{},[33,161047,161048],{},[285,161049,13,161050,1713],{"href":7821},[15,161051,2790],{},[33,161053,161054],{},[285,161055,8663],{"href":8585},[33,161057,161058],{},[285,161059,13,161060,1713],{"href":2707},[15,161061,2710],{},[33,161063,161064],{},[285,161065,13,161066,1713],{"href":2713},[15,161067,2716],{},[33,161069,161070],{},[285,161071,13,161072,1713],{"href":41809},[15,161073,47320],{},[1751,161075,161076],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":161078},[161079,161080,161082,161083,161084,161086,161088,161090,161092,161099,161100,161110],{"id":52,"depth":100,"text":53},{"id":159453,"depth":100,"text":161081},"What the type() function does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":121527,"depth":100,"text":121528},{"id":159811,"depth":100,"text":161085},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160117,"depth":100,"text":161087},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160293,"depth":100,"text":161089},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160443,"depth":100,"text":161091},"When to use type()",{"id":24979,"depth":100,"text":24980,"children":161093},[161094,161096,161098],{"id":160592,"depth":122,"text":161095},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160652,"depth":122,"text":161097},"input() returns str",{"id":160708,"depth":122,"text":160709},{"id":2660,"depth":100,"text":2661},{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":161101},[161102,161104,161106,161108],{"id":160970,"depth":122,"text":161103},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":160989,"depth":122,"text":161105},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161004,"depth":122,"text":161107},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161022,"depth":122,"text":161109},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159287,"description":161111},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161117,"title":161118,"body":161119,"description":163598,"extension":1791,"meta":163599,"navigation":346,"path":163600,"seo":163601,"stem":163602,"__hash__":163603},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161120,"toc":163555},[161121,161126,161131,161140,161142,161242,161244,161269,161274,161279,161295,161298,161300,161302,161327,161330,161333,161416,161418,161467,161470,161592,161594,161667,161671,161674,161788,161790,161816,161818,161839,161844,161848,161853,161856,161960,161962,161979,161988,161991,162078,162080,162091,162096,162102,162107,162113,162116,162209,162211,162260,162266,162269,162370,162372,162425,162430,162434,162437,162536,162538,162577,162580,162585,162587,162592,162596,162709,162713,162810,162814,162902,162904,162921,162925,163048,163054,163060,163066,163071,163074,163101,163105,163107,163201,163204,163208,163211,163298,163301,163336,163338,163375,163378,163386,163391,163396,163470,163477,163479,163484,163487,163493,163496,163502,163507,163513,163518,163522,163525,163527,163552],[10,161122,13,161124,18],{"id":161123},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161125,63961],{},[20,161127,161128,161130],{},[15,161129,63961],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161132,161133,161134,161136,161137,161139],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161135,63961],{}," inside a ",[15,161138,5552],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[50,161141,1833],{"id":1832},[55,161143,161145],{"className":57,"code":161144,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161146,161147,161179,161199,161203,161228],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,161148,161149,161151,161153,161155,161157,161159,161161,161163,161165,161167,161169,161171,161173,161175,161177],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,161150,1505],{"class":70},[64,161152,75],{"class":74},[64,161154,79],{"class":78},[64,161156,2686],{"class":320},[64,161158,12494],{"class":329},[64,161160,2686],{"class":320},[64,161162,86],{"class":78},[64,161164,3184],{"class":320},[64,161166,35570],{"class":329},[64,161168,2686],{"class":320},[64,161170,86],{"class":78},[64,161172,3184],{"class":320},[64,161174,35579],{"class":329},[64,161176,2686],{"class":320},[64,161178,97],{"class":78},[64,161180,161181,161183,161185,161187,161189,161191,161193,161195,161197],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,161182,1574],{"class":70},[64,161184,75],{"class":74},[64,161186,79],{"class":78},[64,161188,13117],{"class":82},[64,161190,86],{"class":78},[64,161192,13122],{"class":82},[64,161194,86],{"class":78},[64,161196,28544],{"class":82},[64,161198,97],{"class":78},[64,161200,161201],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,161202,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,161204,161205,161207,161209,161211,161213,161215,161218,161220,161222,161224,161226],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,161206,5552],{"class":368},[64,161208,35621],{"class":70},[64,161210,86],{"class":78},[64,161212,1616],{"class":70},[64,161214,375],{"class":368},[64,161216,161217],{"class":108}," zip",[64,161219,112],{"class":78},[64,161221,1549],{"class":115},[64,161223,86],{"class":78},[64,161225,1621],{"class":115},[64,161227,7944],{"class":78},[64,161229,161230,161232,161234,161236,161238,161240],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,161231,7670],{"class":108},[64,161233,112],{"class":78},[64,161235,7267],{"class":115},[64,161237,86],{"class":78},[64,161239,130505],{"class":115},[64,161241,119],{"class":78},[20,161243,384],{},[55,161245,161247],{"className":57,"code":161246,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161248,161249,161255,161262],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,161250,161251,161253],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,161252,133524],{"class":70},[64,161254,32762],{"class":82},[64,161256,161257,161260],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,161258,161259],{"class":70},"Ben ",[64,161261,32767],{"class":82},[64,161263,161264,161267],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,161265,161266],{"class":70},"Cara ",[64,161268,32772],{"class":82},[20,161270,1923,161271,161273],{},[15,161272,63961],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[50,161275,152,161277,155],{"id":161276},"what-zip-does",[15,161278,63961],{},[30,161280,161281,161286,161289,161292],{},[33,161282,161283,161285],{},[15,161284,63961],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[33,161287,161288],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[33,161290,161291],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[33,161293,161294],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161296,161297],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[50,161299,1988],{"id":1987},[20,161301,6816],{},[55,161303,161305],{"className":57,"code":161304,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161306,161307],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,161308,161309,161311,161313,161316,161318,161321,161323,161325],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,161310,64031],{"class":108},[64,161312,112],{"class":78},[64,161314,161315],{"class":115},"iterable1",[64,161317,86],{"class":78},[64,161319,161320],{"class":115}," iterable2",[64,161322,86],{"class":78},[64,161324,34081],{"class":108},[64,161326,119],{"class":78},[20,161328,161329],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161331,161332],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[55,161334,161336],{"className":57,"code":161335,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161337,161338,161358,161390,161394],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,161339,161340,161342,161344,161346,161348,161350,161352,161354,161356],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,161341,71],{"class":70},[64,161343,75],{"class":74},[64,161345,79],{"class":78},[64,161347,83],{"class":82},[64,161349,86],{"class":78},[64,161351,89],{"class":82},[64,161353,86],{"class":78},[64,161355,94],{"class":82},[64,161357,97],{"class":78},[64,161359,161360,161362,161364,161366,161368,161370,161372,161374,161376,161378,161380,161382,161384,161386,161388],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,161361,35720],{"class":70},[64,161363,75],{"class":74},[64,161365,79],{"class":78},[64,161367,2686],{"class":320},[64,161369,285],{"class":329},[64,161371,2686],{"class":320},[64,161373,86],{"class":78},[64,161375,3184],{"class":320},[64,161377,1269],{"class":329},[64,161379,2686],{"class":320},[64,161381,86],{"class":78},[64,161383,3184],{"class":320},[64,161385,9346],{"class":329},[64,161387,2686],{"class":320},[64,161389,97],{"class":78},[64,161391,161392],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,161393,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,161395,161396,161398,161400,161402,161404,161406,161408,161410,161412,161414],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,161397,125],{"class":108},[64,161399,112],{"class":78},[64,161401,7695],{"class":357},[64,161403,112],{"class":78},[64,161405,64031],{"class":108},[64,161407,112],{"class":78},[64,161409,116],{"class":115},[64,161411,86],{"class":78},[64,161413,69738],{"class":115},[64,161415,2744],{"class":78},[20,161417,384],{},[55,161419,161421],{"className":57,"code":161420,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161422,161423],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,161424,161425,161427,161429,161431,161433,161435,161437,161439,161441,161443,161445,161447,161449,161451,161453,161455,161457,161459,161461,161463,161465],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,161426,21361],{"class":78},[64,161428,83],{"class":82},[64,161430,86],{"class":78},[64,161432,326],{"class":320},[64,161434,285],{"class":329},[64,161436,333],{"class":320},[64,161438,8839],{"class":78},[64,161440,8842],{"class":78},[64,161442,815],{"class":82},[64,161444,86],{"class":78},[64,161446,326],{"class":320},[64,161448,1269],{"class":329},[64,161450,333],{"class":320},[64,161452,8839],{"class":78},[64,161454,8842],{"class":78},[64,161456,1892],{"class":82},[64,161458,86],{"class":78},[64,161460,326],{"class":320},[64,161462,9346],{"class":329},[64,161464,333],{"class":320},[64,161466,8855],{"class":78},[20,161468,161469],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[55,161471,161473],{"className":57,"code":161472,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161474,161475,161507,161527,161561,161565],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,161476,161477,161479,161481,161483,161485,161487,161489,161491,161493,161495,161497,161499,161501,161503,161505],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,161478,1505],{"class":70},[64,161480,75],{"class":74},[64,161482,79],{"class":78},[64,161484,2686],{"class":320},[64,161486,12494],{"class":329},[64,161488,2686],{"class":320},[64,161490,86],{"class":78},[64,161492,3184],{"class":320},[64,161494,35570],{"class":329},[64,161496,2686],{"class":320},[64,161498,86],{"class":78},[64,161500,3184],{"class":320},[64,161502,35579],{"class":329},[64,161504,2686],{"class":320},[64,161506,97],{"class":78},[64,161508,161509,161511,161513,161515,161517,161519,161521,161523,161525],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,161510,1574],{"class":70},[64,161512,75],{"class":74},[64,161514,79],{"class":78},[64,161516,13117],{"class":82},[64,161518,86],{"class":78},[64,161520,13122],{"class":82},[64,161522,86],{"class":78},[64,161524,28544],{"class":82},[64,161526,97],{"class":78},[64,161528,161529,161532,161534,161536,161538,161540,161542,161544,161546,161548,161550,161552,161554,161557,161559],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,161530,161531],{"class":70},"grades ",[64,161533,75],{"class":74},[64,161535,79],{"class":78},[64,161537,2686],{"class":320},[64,161539,21866],{"class":329},[64,161541,2686],{"class":320},[64,161543,86],{"class":78},[64,161545,3184],{"class":320},[64,161547,30225],{"class":329},[64,161549,2686],{"class":320},[64,161551,86],{"class":78},[64,161553,3184],{"class":320},[64,161555,161556],{"class":329},"B+",[64,161558,2686],{"class":320},[64,161560,97],{"class":78},[64,161562,161563],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,161564,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,161566,161567,161569,161571,161573,161575,161577,161579,161581,161583,161585,161587,161590],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,161568,125],{"class":108},[64,161570,112],{"class":78},[64,161572,7695],{"class":357},[64,161574,112],{"class":78},[64,161576,64031],{"class":108},[64,161578,112],{"class":78},[64,161580,1549],{"class":115},[64,161582,86],{"class":78},[64,161584,1621],{"class":115},[64,161586,86],{"class":78},[64,161588,161589],{"class":115}," grades",[64,161591,2744],{"class":78},[20,161593,384],{},[55,161595,161597],{"className":57,"code":161596,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161598,161599],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,161600,161601,161603,161605,161607,161609,161611,161613,161615,161617,161619,161621,161623,161625,161627,161629,161631,161633,161635,161637,161639,161641,161643,161645,161647,161649,161651,161653,161655,161657,161659,161661,161663,161665],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,161602,21361],{"class":78},[64,161604,333],{"class":320},[64,161606,12494],{"class":329},[64,161608,333],{"class":320},[64,161610,86],{"class":78},[64,161612,19518],{"class":82},[64,161614,86],{"class":78},[64,161616,326],{"class":320},[64,161618,21866],{"class":329},[64,161620,333],{"class":320},[64,161622,8839],{"class":78},[64,161624,8842],{"class":78},[64,161626,333],{"class":320},[64,161628,35570],{"class":329},[64,161630,333],{"class":320},[64,161632,86],{"class":78},[64,161634,13122],{"class":82},[64,161636,86],{"class":78},[64,161638,326],{"class":320},[64,161640,30225],{"class":329},[64,161642,333],{"class":320},[64,161644,8839],{"class":78},[64,161646,8842],{"class":78},[64,161648,333],{"class":320},[64,161650,35579],{"class":329},[64,161652,333],{"class":320},[64,161654,86],{"class":78},[64,161656,28544],{"class":82},[64,161658,86],{"class":78},[64,161660,326],{"class":320},[64,161662,161556],{"class":329},[64,161664,333],{"class":320},[64,161666,8855],{"class":78},[50,161668,161670],{"id":161669},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161672,161673],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[55,161675,161677],{"className":57,"code":161676,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161678,161679,161711,161731,161735,161759],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,161680,161681,161683,161685,161687,161689,161691,161693,161695,161697,161699,161701,161703,161705,161707,161709],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,161682,1505],{"class":70},[64,161684,75],{"class":74},[64,161686,79],{"class":78},[64,161688,2686],{"class":320},[64,161690,12494],{"class":329},[64,161692,2686],{"class":320},[64,161694,86],{"class":78},[64,161696,3184],{"class":320},[64,161698,35570],{"class":329},[64,161700,2686],{"class":320},[64,161702,86],{"class":78},[64,161704,3184],{"class":320},[64,161706,35579],{"class":329},[64,161708,2686],{"class":320},[64,161710,97],{"class":78},[64,161712,161713,161715,161717,161719,161721,161723,161725,161727,161729],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,161714,1574],{"class":70},[64,161716,75],{"class":74},[64,161718,79],{"class":78},[64,161720,13117],{"class":82},[64,161722,86],{"class":78},[64,161724,13122],{"class":82},[64,161726,86],{"class":78},[64,161728,28544],{"class":82},[64,161730,97],{"class":78},[64,161732,161733],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,161734,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,161736,161737,161739,161741,161743,161745,161747,161749,161751,161753,161755,161757],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,161738,5552],{"class":368},[64,161740,35621],{"class":70},[64,161742,86],{"class":78},[64,161744,1616],{"class":70},[64,161746,375],{"class":368},[64,161748,161217],{"class":108},[64,161750,112],{"class":78},[64,161752,1549],{"class":115},[64,161754,86],{"class":78},[64,161756,1621],{"class":115},[64,161758,7944],{"class":78},[64,161760,161761,161763,161765,161767,161769,161771,161773,161775,161778,161780,161782,161784,161786],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,161762,7670],{"class":108},[64,161764,112],{"class":78},[64,161766,21915],{"class":1895},[64,161768,2686],{"class":329},[64,161770,8884],{"class":82},[64,161772,7267],{"class":115},[64,161774,21924],{"class":82},[64,161776,161777],{"class":329}," scored ",[64,161779,8884],{"class":82},[64,161781,85162],{"class":115},[64,161783,21924],{"class":82},[64,161785,2686],{"class":329},[64,161787,119],{"class":78},[20,161789,384],{},[55,161791,161793],{"className":57,"code":161792,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161794,161795,161802,161809],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,161796,161797,161800],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,161798,161799],{"class":70},"Ana scored ",[64,161801,32762],{"class":82},[64,161803,161804,161807],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,161805,161806],{"class":70},"Ben scored ",[64,161808,32767],{"class":82},[64,161810,161811,161814],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,161812,161813],{"class":70},"Cara scored ",[64,161815,32772],{"class":82},[20,161817,44566],{},[30,161819,161820,161829,161832],{},[33,161821,161822,161825,161826],{},[15,161823,161824],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161827,161828],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[33,161830,161831],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[33,161833,161834,896,161836,161838],{},[15,161835,7267],{},[15,161837,85162],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,161840,161841,161842,148],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[285,161843,69255],{"href":69254},[50,161845,161847],{"id":161846},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,161849,161850,161852],{},[15,161851,63961],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,161854,161855],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[55,161857,161859],{"className":57,"code":161858,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161860,161861,161902,161918,161922,161946],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,161862,161863,161865,161867,161869,161871,161873,161875,161877,161879,161881,161883,161885,161887,161889,161891,161893,161895,161898,161900],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,161864,1505],{"class":70},[64,161866,75],{"class":74},[64,161868,79],{"class":78},[64,161870,2686],{"class":320},[64,161872,12494],{"class":329},[64,161874,2686],{"class":320},[64,161876,86],{"class":78},[64,161878,3184],{"class":320},[64,161880,35570],{"class":329},[64,161882,2686],{"class":320},[64,161884,86],{"class":78},[64,161886,3184],{"class":320},[64,161888,35579],{"class":329},[64,161890,2686],{"class":320},[64,161892,86],{"class":78},[64,161894,3184],{"class":320},[64,161896,161897],{"class":329},"Dan",[64,161899,2686],{"class":320},[64,161901,97],{"class":78},[64,161903,161904,161906,161908,161910,161912,161914,161916],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,161905,1574],{"class":70},[64,161907,75],{"class":74},[64,161909,79],{"class":78},[64,161911,13117],{"class":82},[64,161913,86],{"class":78},[64,161915,13122],{"class":82},[64,161917,97],{"class":78},[64,161919,161920],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,161921,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,161923,161924,161926,161928,161930,161932,161934,161936,161938,161940,161942,161944],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,161925,5552],{"class":368},[64,161927,35621],{"class":70},[64,161929,86],{"class":78},[64,161931,1616],{"class":70},[64,161933,375],{"class":368},[64,161935,161217],{"class":108},[64,161937,112],{"class":78},[64,161939,1549],{"class":115},[64,161941,86],{"class":78},[64,161943,1621],{"class":115},[64,161945,7944],{"class":78},[64,161947,161948,161950,161952,161954,161956,161958],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,161949,7670],{"class":108},[64,161951,112],{"class":78},[64,161953,7267],{"class":115},[64,161955,86],{"class":78},[64,161957,130505],{"class":115},[64,161959,119],{"class":78},[20,161961,384],{},[55,161963,161965],{"className":57,"code":161964,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,161966,161967,161973],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,161968,161969,161971],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,161970,133524],{"class":70},[64,161972,32762],{"class":82},[64,161974,161975,161977],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,161976,161259],{"class":70},[64,161978,32767],{"class":82},[20,161980,2115,161981,896,161984,161987],{},[15,161982,161983],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,161985,161986],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,161989,161990],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[55,161992,161994],{"className":57,"code":161993,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,161995,161996,162036,162052,162056],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,161997,161998,162000,162002,162004,162006,162008,162010,162012,162014,162016,162018,162020,162022,162024,162026,162028,162030,162032,162034],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,161999,1505],{"class":70},[64,162001,75],{"class":74},[64,162003,79],{"class":78},[64,162005,2686],{"class":320},[64,162007,12494],{"class":329},[64,162009,2686],{"class":320},[64,162011,86],{"class":78},[64,162013,3184],{"class":320},[64,162015,35570],{"class":329},[64,162017,2686],{"class":320},[64,162019,86],{"class":78},[64,162021,3184],{"class":320},[64,162023,35579],{"class":329},[64,162025,2686],{"class":320},[64,162027,86],{"class":78},[64,162029,3184],{"class":320},[64,162031,161897],{"class":329},[64,162033,2686],{"class":320},[64,162035,97],{"class":78},[64,162037,162038,162040,162042,162044,162046,162048,162050],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,162039,1574],{"class":70},[64,162041,75],{"class":74},[64,162043,79],{"class":78},[64,162045,13117],{"class":82},[64,162047,86],{"class":78},[64,162049,13122],{"class":82},[64,162051,97],{"class":78},[64,162053,162054],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,162055,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,162057,162058,162060,162062,162064,162066,162068,162070,162072,162074,162076],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,162059,125],{"class":108},[64,162061,112],{"class":78},[64,162063,10771],{"class":108},[64,162065,112],{"class":78},[64,162067,1549],{"class":115},[64,162069,8839],{"class":78},[64,162071,38018],{"class":108},[64,162073,112],{"class":78},[64,162075,16006],{"class":115},[64,162077,471],{"class":78},[20,162079,384],{},[55,162081,162083],{"className":57,"code":162082,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"4 2\n",[15,162084,162085],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,162086,162087,162089],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,162088,2334],{"class":82},[64,162090,45225],{"class":82},[20,162092,162093,162094,148],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162095,63961],{},[50,162097,91753,162099,162101],{"id":162098},"converting-zip-output",[15,162100,63961],{}," output",[20,162103,28685,162104,162106],{},[15,162105,63961],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[428,162108,1923,162110],{"id":162109},"use-listzip",[15,162111,162112],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162114,162115],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[55,162117,162119],{"className":57,"code":162118,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162120,162121,162153,162173,162177,162199],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,162122,162123,162125,162127,162129,162131,162133,162135,162137,162139,162141,162143,162145,162147,162149,162151],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,162124,1505],{"class":70},[64,162126,75],{"class":74},[64,162128,79],{"class":78},[64,162130,2686],{"class":320},[64,162132,12494],{"class":329},[64,162134,2686],{"class":320},[64,162136,86],{"class":78},[64,162138,3184],{"class":320},[64,162140,35570],{"class":329},[64,162142,2686],{"class":320},[64,162144,86],{"class":78},[64,162146,3184],{"class":320},[64,162148,35579],{"class":329},[64,162150,2686],{"class":320},[64,162152,97],{"class":78},[64,162154,162155,162157,162159,162161,162163,162165,162167,162169,162171],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,162156,1574],{"class":70},[64,162158,75],{"class":74},[64,162160,79],{"class":78},[64,162162,13117],{"class":82},[64,162164,86],{"class":78},[64,162166,13122],{"class":82},[64,162168,86],{"class":78},[64,162170,28544],{"class":82},[64,162172,97],{"class":78},[64,162174,162175],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,162176,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,162178,162179,162181,162183,162185,162187,162189,162191,162193,162195,162197],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,162180,8821],{"class":70},[64,162182,75],{"class":74},[64,162184,22181],{"class":357},[64,162186,112],{"class":78},[64,162188,64031],{"class":108},[64,162190,112],{"class":78},[64,162192,1549],{"class":115},[64,162194,86],{"class":78},[64,162196,1621],{"class":115},[64,162198,471],{"class":78},[64,162200,162201,162203,162205,162207],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,162202,125],{"class":108},[64,162204,112],{"class":78},[64,162206,8868],{"class":115},[64,162208,119],{"class":78},[20,162210,384],{},[55,162212,162214],{"className":57,"code":162213,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162215,162216],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,162217,162218,162220,162222,162224,162226,162228,162230,162232,162234,162236,162238,162240,162242,162244,162246,162248,162250,162252,162254,162256,162258],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,162219,21361],{"class":78},[64,162221,333],{"class":320},[64,162223,12494],{"class":329},[64,162225,333],{"class":320},[64,162227,86],{"class":78},[64,162229,19518],{"class":82},[64,162231,8839],{"class":78},[64,162233,8842],{"class":78},[64,162235,333],{"class":320},[64,162237,35570],{"class":329},[64,162239,333],{"class":320},[64,162241,86],{"class":78},[64,162243,13122],{"class":82},[64,162245,8839],{"class":78},[64,162247,8842],{"class":78},[64,162249,333],{"class":320},[64,162251,35579],{"class":329},[64,162253,333],{"class":320},[64,162255,86],{"class":78},[64,162257,28544],{"class":82},[64,162259,8855],{"class":78},[428,162261,1923,162263],{"id":162262},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162264,162265],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162267,162268],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[55,162270,162272],{"className":57,"code":162271,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162273,162274,162306,162334,162338,162360],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,162275,162276,162278,162280,162282,162284,162286,162288,162290,162292,162294,162296,162298,162300,162302,162304],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,162277,16860],{"class":70},[64,162279,75],{"class":74},[64,162281,79],{"class":78},[64,162283,2686],{"class":320},[64,162285,7267],{"class":329},[64,162287,2686],{"class":320},[64,162289,86],{"class":78},[64,162291,3184],{"class":320},[64,162293,8905],{"class":329},[64,162295,2686],{"class":320},[64,162297,86],{"class":78},[64,162299,3184],{"class":320},[64,162301,10016],{"class":329},[64,162303,2686],{"class":320},[64,162305,97],{"class":78},[64,162307,162308,162310,162312,162314,162316,162318,162320,162322,162324,162326,162328,162330,162332],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,162309,304],{"class":70},[64,162311,75],{"class":74},[64,162313,79],{"class":78},[64,162315,2686],{"class":320},[64,162317,12494],{"class":329},[64,162319,2686],{"class":320},[64,162321,86],{"class":78},[64,162323,8912],{"class":82},[64,162325,86],{"class":78},[64,162327,3184],{"class":320},[64,162329,15648],{"class":329},[64,162331,2686],{"class":320},[64,162333,97],{"class":78},[64,162335,162336],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,162337,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,162339,162340,162342,162344,162346,162348,162350,162352,162354,162356,162358],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,162341,12819],{"class":70},[64,162343,75],{"class":74},[64,162345,8776],{"class":357},[64,162347,112],{"class":78},[64,162349,64031],{"class":108},[64,162351,112],{"class":78},[64,162353,16541],{"class":115},[64,162355,86],{"class":78},[64,162357,378],{"class":115},[64,162359,471],{"class":78},[64,162361,162362,162364,162366,162368],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,162363,125],{"class":108},[64,162365,112],{"class":78},[64,162367,16925],{"class":115},[64,162369,119],{"class":78},[20,162371,384],{},[55,162373,162375],{"className":57,"code":162374,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162376,162377],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,162378,162379,162381,162383,162385,162387,162389,162391,162393,162395,162397,162399,162401,162403,162405,162407,162409,162411,162413,162415,162417,162419,162421,162423],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,162380,8884],{"class":78},[64,162382,333],{"class":320},[64,162384,7267],{"class":329},[64,162386,333],{"class":320},[64,162388,160],{"class":78},[64,162390,326],{"class":320},[64,162392,12494],{"class":329},[64,162394,333],{"class":320},[64,162396,86],{"class":78},[64,162398,326],{"class":320},[64,162400,8905],{"class":329},[64,162402,333],{"class":320},[64,162404,160],{"class":78},[64,162406,8912],{"class":82},[64,162408,86],{"class":78},[64,162410,326],{"class":320},[64,162412,10016],{"class":329},[64,162414,333],{"class":320},[64,162416,160],{"class":78},[64,162418,326],{"class":320},[64,162420,15648],{"class":329},[64,162422,333],{"class":320},[64,162424,8915],{"class":78},[20,162426,162427,162428,148],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[285,162429,30712],{"href":30711},[428,162431,162433],{"id":162432},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162435,162436],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[55,162438,162440],{"className":57,"code":162439,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162441,162442,162466,162482,162486,162504,162508,162522],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,162443,162444,162446,162448,162450,162452,162454,162456,162458,162460,162462,162464],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,162445,1505],{"class":70},[64,162447,75],{"class":74},[64,162449,79],{"class":78},[64,162451,2686],{"class":320},[64,162453,12494],{"class":329},[64,162455,2686],{"class":320},[64,162457,86],{"class":78},[64,162459,3184],{"class":320},[64,162461,35570],{"class":329},[64,162463,2686],{"class":320},[64,162465,97],{"class":78},[64,162467,162468,162470,162472,162474,162476,162478,162480],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,162469,1574],{"class":70},[64,162471,75],{"class":74},[64,162473,79],{"class":78},[64,162475,13117],{"class":82},[64,162477,86],{"class":78},[64,162479,13122],{"class":82},[64,162481,97],{"class":78},[64,162483,162484],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,162485,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,162487,162488,162490,162492,162494,162496,162498,162500,162502],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,162489,8821],{"class":70},[64,162491,75],{"class":74},[64,162493,161217],{"class":108},[64,162495,112],{"class":78},[64,162497,1549],{"class":115},[64,162499,86],{"class":78},[64,162501,1621],{"class":115},[64,162503,119],{"class":78},[64,162505,162506],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,162507,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,162509,162510,162512,162514,162516,162518,162520],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,162511,125],{"class":108},[64,162513,112],{"class":78},[64,162515,7695],{"class":357},[64,162517,112],{"class":78},[64,162519,8868],{"class":115},[64,162521,471],{"class":78},[64,162523,162524,162526,162528,162530,162532,162534],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,162525,125],{"class":108},[64,162527,112],{"class":78},[64,162529,7695],{"class":357},[64,162531,112],{"class":78},[64,162533,8868],{"class":115},[64,162535,471],{"class":78},[20,162537,384],{},[55,162539,162541],{"className":57,"code":162540,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162542,162543,162573],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,162544,162545,162547,162549,162551,162553,162555,162557,162559,162561,162563,162565,162567,162569,162571],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,162546,21361],{"class":78},[64,162548,333],{"class":320},[64,162550,12494],{"class":329},[64,162552,333],{"class":320},[64,162554,86],{"class":78},[64,162556,19518],{"class":82},[64,162558,8839],{"class":78},[64,162560,8842],{"class":78},[64,162562,333],{"class":320},[64,162564,35570],{"class":329},[64,162566,333],{"class":320},[64,162568,86],{"class":78},[64,162570,13122],{"class":82},[64,162572,8855],{"class":78},[64,162574,162575],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,162576,37929],{"class":78},[20,162578,162579],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162581,162582,162583,148],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[285,162584,1647],{"href":5180},[50,162586,40679],{"id":40678},[20,162588,162589,162590,148],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162591,63961],{},[428,162593,162595],{"id":162594},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[55,162597,162599],{"className":57,"code":162598,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162600,162601,162633,162653,162657,162681],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,162602,162603,162605,162607,162609,162611,162613,162615,162617,162619,162621,162623,162625,162627,162629,162631],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,162604,1505],{"class":70},[64,162606,75],{"class":74},[64,162608,79],{"class":78},[64,162610,2686],{"class":320},[64,162612,12494],{"class":329},[64,162614,2686],{"class":320},[64,162616,86],{"class":78},[64,162618,3184],{"class":320},[64,162620,35570],{"class":329},[64,162622,2686],{"class":320},[64,162624,86],{"class":78},[64,162626,3184],{"class":320},[64,162628,35579],{"class":329},[64,162630,2686],{"class":320},[64,162632,97],{"class":78},[64,162634,162635,162637,162639,162641,162643,162645,162647,162649,162651],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,162636,1574],{"class":70},[64,162638,75],{"class":74},[64,162640,79],{"class":78},[64,162642,13117],{"class":82},[64,162644,86],{"class":78},[64,162646,13122],{"class":82},[64,162648,86],{"class":78},[64,162650,28544],{"class":82},[64,162652,97],{"class":78},[64,162654,162655],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,162656,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,162658,162659,162661,162663,162665,162667,162669,162671,162673,162675,162677,162679],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,162660,5552],{"class":368},[64,162662,35621],{"class":70},[64,162664,86],{"class":78},[64,162666,1616],{"class":70},[64,162668,375],{"class":368},[64,162670,161217],{"class":108},[64,162672,112],{"class":78},[64,162674,1549],{"class":115},[64,162676,86],{"class":78},[64,162678,1621],{"class":115},[64,162680,7944],{"class":78},[64,162682,162683,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693,162695,162697,162699,162701,162703,162705,162707],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,162684,7670],{"class":108},[64,162686,112],{"class":78},[64,162688,21915],{"class":1895},[64,162690,2686],{"class":329},[64,162692,8884],{"class":82},[64,162694,7267],{"class":115},[64,162696,21924],{"class":82},[64,162698,21927],{"class":329},[64,162700,8884],{"class":82},[64,162702,85162],{"class":115},[64,162704,21924],{"class":82},[64,162706,2686],{"class":329},[64,162708,119],{"class":78},[428,162710,162712],{"id":162711},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[55,162714,162716],{"className":57,"code":162715,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162717,162718,162750,162774,162778,162800],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,162719,162720,162722,162724,162726,162728,162730,162732,162734,162736,162738,162740,162742,162744,162746,162748],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,162721,16860],{"class":70},[64,162723,75],{"class":74},[64,162725,79],{"class":78},[64,162727,2686],{"class":320},[64,162729,12262],{"class":329},[64,162731,2686],{"class":320},[64,162733,86],{"class":78},[64,162735,3184],{"class":320},[64,162737,7267],{"class":329},[64,162739,2686],{"class":320},[64,162741,86],{"class":78},[64,162743,3184],{"class":320},[64,162745,15438],{"class":329},[64,162747,2686],{"class":320},[64,162749,97],{"class":78},[64,162751,162752,162754,162756,162758,162760,162762,162764,162766,162768,162770,162772],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,162753,304],{"class":70},[64,162755,75],{"class":74},[64,162757,79],{"class":78},[64,162759,46228],{"class":82},[64,162761,86],{"class":78},[64,162763,3184],{"class":320},[64,162765,12494],{"class":329},[64,162767,2686],{"class":320},[64,162769,86],{"class":78},[64,162771,410],{"class":338},[64,162773,97],{"class":78},[64,162775,162776],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,162777,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,162779,162780,162782,162784,162786,162788,162790,162792,162794,162796,162798],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,162781,8771],{"class":70},[64,162783,75],{"class":74},[64,162785,8776],{"class":357},[64,162787,112],{"class":78},[64,162789,64031],{"class":108},[64,162791,112],{"class":78},[64,162793,16541],{"class":115},[64,162795,86],{"class":78},[64,162797,378],{"class":115},[64,162799,471],{"class":78},[64,162801,162802,162804,162806,162808],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,162803,125],{"class":108},[64,162805,112],{"class":78},[64,162807,8810],{"class":115},[64,162809,119],{"class":78},[428,162811,162813],{"id":162812},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[55,162815,162817],{"className":57,"code":162816,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162818,162819,162839,162859,162863,162888],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,162820,162821,162823,162825,162827,162829,162831,162833,162835,162837],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,162822,80300],{"class":70},[64,162824,75],{"class":74},[64,162826,79],{"class":78},[64,162828,2160],{"class":82},[64,162830,86],{"class":78},[64,162832,7390],{"class":82},[64,162834,86],{"class":78},[64,162836,7395],{"class":82},[64,162838,97],{"class":78},[64,162840,162841,162843,162845,162847,162849,162851,162853,162855,162857],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,162842,80321],{"class":70},[64,162844,75],{"class":74},[64,162846,79],{"class":78},[64,162848,2160],{"class":82},[64,162850,86],{"class":78},[64,162852,8912],{"class":82},[64,162854,86],{"class":78},[64,162856,7395],{"class":82},[64,162858,97],{"class":78},[64,162860,162861],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,162862,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,162864,162865,162867,162869,162871,162874,162876,162878,162880,162882,162884,162886],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,162866,5552],{"class":368},[64,162868,56527],{"class":70},[64,162870,86],{"class":78},[64,162872,162873],{"class":70}," b ",[64,162875,375],{"class":368},[64,162877,161217],{"class":108},[64,162879,112],{"class":78},[64,162881,111392],{"class":115},[64,162883,86],{"class":78},[64,162885,80364],{"class":115},[64,162887,7944],{"class":78},[64,162889,162890,162892,162894,162896,162898,162900],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,162891,7670],{"class":108},[64,162893,112],{"class":78},[64,162895,2384],{"class":115},[64,162897,1196],{"class":74},[64,162899,2389],{"class":115},[64,162901,119],{"class":78},[20,162903,384],{},[55,162905,162907],{"className":57,"code":162906,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,162908,162909,162913,162917],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,162910,162911],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,162912,476],{"class":338},[64,162914,162915],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,162916,537],{"class":338},[64,162918,162919],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,162920,476],{"class":338},[428,162922,162924],{"id":162923},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[55,162926,162928],{"className":57,"code":162927,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,162929,162930,162965,162988,162992,163019],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,162931,162932,162935,162937,162939,162941,162943,162945,162947,162949,162952,162954,162956,162958,162961,162963],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,162933,162934],{"class":70},"products ",[64,162936,75],{"class":74},[64,162938,79],{"class":78},[64,162940,2686],{"class":320},[64,162942,24763],{"class":329},[64,162944,2686],{"class":320},[64,162946,86],{"class":78},[64,162948,3184],{"class":320},[64,162950,162951],{"class":329},"Pen",[64,162953,2686],{"class":320},[64,162955,86],{"class":78},[64,162957,3184],{"class":320},[64,162959,162960],{"class":329},"Bag",[64,162962,2686],{"class":320},[64,162964,97],{"class":78},[64,162966,162967,162969,162971,162973,162976,162978,162981,162983,162986],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,162968,82690],{"class":70},[64,162970,75],{"class":74},[64,162972,79],{"class":78},[64,162974,162975],{"class":82},"12.5",[64,162977,86],{"class":78},[64,162979,162980],{"class":82}," 1.2",[64,162982,86],{"class":78},[64,162984,162985],{"class":82}," 25.0",[64,162987,97],{"class":78},[64,162989,162990],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,162991,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,162993,162994,162996,162998,163000,163003,163005,163007,163009,163012,163014,163017],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,162995,5552],{"class":368},[64,162997,24824],{"class":70},[64,162999,86],{"class":78},[64,163001,163002],{"class":70}," price ",[64,163004,375],{"class":368},[64,163006,161217],{"class":108},[64,163008,112],{"class":78},[64,163010,163011],{"class":115},"products",[64,163013,86],{"class":78},[64,163015,163016],{"class":115}," prices",[64,163018,7944],{"class":78},[64,163020,163021,163023,163025,163027,163029,163031,163033,163035,163038,163040,163042,163044,163046],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,163022,7670],{"class":108},[64,163024,112],{"class":78},[64,163026,21915],{"class":1895},[64,163028,2686],{"class":329},[64,163030,8884],{"class":82},[64,163032,26632],{"class":115},[64,163034,21924],{"class":82},[64,163036,163037],{"class":329}," costs $",[64,163039,8884],{"class":82},[64,163041,24772],{"class":115},[64,163043,21924],{"class":82},[64,163045,2686],{"class":329},[64,163047,119],{"class":78},[20,163049,36232,163050,148],{},[285,163051,163053],{"href":163052},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[50,163055,163057,163058],{"id":163056},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163059,63961],{},[428,163061,8056,163063,163065],{"id":163062},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163064,63961],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163067,163068,163070],{},[15,163069,63961],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163072,163073],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[55,163075,163077],{"className":57,"code":163076,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163078,163079],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,163080,163081,163083,163085,163087,163089,163091,163093,163095,163097,163099],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,163082,125],{"class":108},[64,163084,112],{"class":78},[64,163086,10771],{"class":108},[64,163088,112],{"class":78},[64,163090,111392],{"class":115},[64,163092,8839],{"class":78},[64,163094,38018],{"class":108},[64,163096,112],{"class":78},[64,163098,80587],{"class":115},[64,163100,471],{"class":78},[428,163102,163104],{"id":163103},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163106,68478],{},[55,163108,163110],{"className":57,"code":163109,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163111,163112,163148,163152,163165,163175,163179,163191],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,163113,163114,163116,163118,163120,163122,163124,163126,163128,163130,163132,163134,163136,163138,163140,163142,163144,163146],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,163115,8821],{"class":70},[64,163117,75],{"class":74},[64,163119,161217],{"class":108},[64,163121,354],{"class":78},[64,163123,83],{"class":82},[64,163125,86],{"class":78},[64,163127,89],{"class":82},[64,163129,17681],{"class":78},[64,163131,79],{"class":78},[64,163133,2686],{"class":320},[64,163135,285],{"class":329},[64,163137,2686],{"class":320},[64,163139,86],{"class":78},[64,163141,3184],{"class":320},[64,163143,1269],{"class":329},[64,163145,2686],{"class":320},[64,163147,381],{"class":78},[64,163149,163150],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,163151,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,163153,163154,163156,163158,163160,163163],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,163155,5552],{"class":368},[64,163157,5555],{"class":70},[64,163159,375],{"class":368},[64,163161,163162],{"class":70}," pairs",[64,163164,5989],{"class":78},[64,163166,163167,163169,163171,163173],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,163168,7670],{"class":108},[64,163170,112],{"class":78},[64,163172,22932],{"class":115},[64,163174,119],{"class":78},[64,163176,163177],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,163178,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,163180,163181,163183,163185,163187,163189],{"class":66,"line":3235},[64,163182,5552],{"class":368},[64,163184,5555],{"class":70},[64,163186,375],{"class":368},[64,163188,163162],{"class":70},[64,163190,5989],{"class":78},[64,163192,163193,163195,163197,163199],{"class":66,"line":6011},[64,163194,7670],{"class":108},[64,163196,112],{"class":78},[64,163198,22932],{"class":115},[64,163200,119],{"class":78},[20,163202,163203],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[428,163205,163207],{"id":163206},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163209,163210],{},"This is correct:",[55,163212,163214],{"className":57,"code":163213,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163215,163216,163240,163256,163260,163284],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,163217,163218,163220,163222,163224,163226,163228,163230,163232,163234,163236,163238],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,163219,1505],{"class":70},[64,163221,75],{"class":74},[64,163223,79],{"class":78},[64,163225,2686],{"class":320},[64,163227,12494],{"class":329},[64,163229,2686],{"class":320},[64,163231,86],{"class":78},[64,163233,3184],{"class":320},[64,163235,35570],{"class":329},[64,163237,2686],{"class":320},[64,163239,97],{"class":78},[64,163241,163242,163244,163246,163248,163250,163252,163254],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,163243,1574],{"class":70},[64,163245,75],{"class":74},[64,163247,79],{"class":78},[64,163249,13117],{"class":82},[64,163251,86],{"class":78},[64,163253,13122],{"class":82},[64,163255,97],{"class":78},[64,163257,163258],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,163259,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,163261,163262,163264,163266,163268,163270,163272,163274,163276,163278,163280,163282],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,163263,5552],{"class":368},[64,163265,35621],{"class":70},[64,163267,86],{"class":78},[64,163269,1616],{"class":70},[64,163271,375],{"class":368},[64,163273,161217],{"class":108},[64,163275,112],{"class":78},[64,163277,1549],{"class":115},[64,163279,86],{"class":78},[64,163281,1621],{"class":115},[64,163283,7944],{"class":78},[64,163285,163286,163288,163290,163292,163294,163296],{"class":66,"line":1459},[64,163287,7670],{"class":108},[64,163289,112],{"class":78},[64,163291,7267],{"class":115},[64,163293,86],{"class":78},[64,163295,130505],{"class":115},[64,163297,119],{"class":78},[20,163299,163300],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[55,163302,163304],{"className":57,"code":163303,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163305,163306,163326],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,163307,163308,163310,163312,163314,163316,163318,163320,163322,163324],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,163309,5552],{"class":368},[64,163311,5555],{"class":70},[64,163313,375],{"class":368},[64,163315,161217],{"class":108},[64,163317,112],{"class":78},[64,163319,1549],{"class":115},[64,163321,86],{"class":78},[64,163323,1621],{"class":115},[64,163325,7944],{"class":78},[64,163327,163328,163330,163332,163334],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,163329,7670],{"class":108},[64,163331,112],{"class":78},[64,163333,22932],{"class":115},[64,163335,119],{"class":78},[20,163337,384],{},[55,163339,163341],{"className":57,"code":163340,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163342,163343,163359],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,163344,163345,163347,163349,163351,163353,163355,163357],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,163346,112],{"class":78},[64,163348,333],{"class":320},[64,163350,12494],{"class":329},[64,163352,333],{"class":320},[64,163354,86],{"class":78},[64,163356,19518],{"class":82},[64,163358,119],{"class":78},[64,163360,163361,163363,163365,163367,163369,163371,163373],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,163362,112],{"class":78},[64,163364,333],{"class":320},[64,163366,35570],{"class":329},[64,163368,333],{"class":320},[64,163370,86],{"class":78},[64,163372,13122],{"class":82},[64,163374,119],{"class":78},[20,163376,163377],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[428,163379,8020,163381,163383,163384],{"id":163380},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163382,63961],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163385,35378],{},[20,163387,1923,163388,163390],{},[15,163389,63961],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163392,1923,163393,163395],{},[15,163394,35378],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[55,163397,163398],{"className":57,"code":35547,"language":59,"meta":60,"style":60},[15,163399,163400,163432,163436,163456],{"__ignoreMap":60},[64,163401,163402,163404,163406,163408,163410,163412,163414,163416,163418,163420,163422,163424,163426,163428,163430],{"class":66,"line":67},[64,163403,1505],{"class":70},[64,163405,75],{"class":74},[64,163407,79],{"class":78},[64,163409,2686],{"class":320},[64,163411,12494],{"class":329},[64,163413,2686],{"class":320},[64,163415,86],{"class":78},[64,163417,3184],{"class":320},[64,163419,35570],{"class":329},[64,163421,2686],{"class":320},[64,163423,86],{"class":78},[64,163425,3184],{"class":320},[64,163427,35579],{"class":329},[64,163429,2686],{"class":320},[64,163431,97],{"class":78},[64,163433,163434],{"class":66,"line":100},[64,163435,347],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":346},[64,163437,163438,163440,163442,163444,163446,163448,163450,163452,163454],{"class":66,"line":122},[64,163439,5552],{"class":368},[64,163441,35450],{"class":70},[64,163443,86],{"class":78},[64,163445,35598],{"class":70},[64,163447,375],{"class":368},[64,163449,35460],{"class":108},[64,163451,112],{"class":78},[64,163453,1549],{"class":115},[64,163455,7944],{"class":78},[64,163457,163458,163460,163462,163464,163466,163468],{"class":66,"line":771},[64,163459,7670],{"class":108},[64,163461,112],{"class":78},[64,163463,35475],{"class":115},[64,163465,86],{"class":78},[64,163467,35621],{"class":115},[64,163469,119],{"class":78},[20,163471,163472,163473,148],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[285,163474,13,163475,1713],{"href":91665},[15,163476,35378],{},[50,163478,1651],{"id":1650},[428,163480,1655,163482,1658],{"id":163481},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163483,63961],{},[20,163485,163486],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[428,163488,12317,163490,163492],{"id":163489},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163491,63961],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163494,163495],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[428,163497,163499,163500,1677],{"id":163498},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163501,63961],{},[20,163503,163504,163505,148],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163506,162112],{},[428,163508,163510,163511,1677],{"id":163509},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163512,63961],{},[20,163514,127870,163515,163517],{},[15,163516,162265],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[428,163519,163521],{"id":163520},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163523,163524],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[50,163526,1717],{"id":1716},[30,163528,163529,163534,163540,163544,163548],{},[33,163530,163531],{},[285,163532,163533],{"href":163052},"How to use zip in Python",[33,163535,163536],{},[285,163537,13,163538,1713],{"href":91665},[15,163539,35378],{},[33,163541,163542],{},[285,163543,1734],{"href":5180},[33,163545,163546],{},[285,163547,69331],{"href":69254},[33,163549,163550],{},[285,163551,31886],{"href":30711},[1751,163553,163554],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":60,"searchDepth":100,"depth":100,"links":163556},[163557,163558,163560,163561,163562,163563,163571,163577,163586,163597],{"id":1832,"depth":100,"text":1833},{"id":161276,"depth":100,"text":163559},"What zip() does",{"id":1987,"depth":100,"text":1988},{"id":161669,"depth":100,"text":161670},{"id":161846,"depth":100,"text":161847},{"id":162098,"depth":100,"text":163564,"children":163565},"Converting zip() output",[163566,163568,163570],{"id":162109,"depth":122,"text":163567},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162262,"depth":122,"text":163569},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162432,"depth":122,"text":162433},{"id":40678,"depth":100,"text":40679,"children":163572},[163573,163574,163575,163576],{"id":162594,"depth":122,"text":162595},{"id":162711,"depth":122,"text":162712},{"id":162812,"depth":122,"text":162813},{"id":162923,"depth":122,"text":162924},{"id":163056,"depth":100,"text":163578,"children":163579},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163580,163582,163583,163584],{"id":163062,"depth":122,"text":163581},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163103,"depth":122,"text":163104},{"id":163206,"depth":122,"text":163207},{"id":163380,"depth":122,"text":163585},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1650,"depth":100,"text":1651,"children":163587},[163588,163590,163592,163594,163596],{"id":163481,"depth":122,"text":163589},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163489,"depth":122,"text":163591},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163498,"depth":122,"text":163593},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163509,"depth":122,"text":163595},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163520,"depth":122,"text":163521},{"id":1716,"depth":100,"text":1717},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161118,"description":163598},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944822068]